You are viewing a plain text version of this content. The canonical link for it is here.
Posted to commits@beehive.apache.org by he...@apache.org on 2004/07/26 23:42:30 UTC
svn commit: rev 30731 - incubator/beehive/trunk/site/src/documentation/content
Author: heathers
Date: Mon Jul 26 14:42:30 2004
New Revision: 30731
Added:
incubator/beehive/trunk/site/src/documentation/content/ControlsOverview.html
incubator/beehive/trunk/site/src/documentation/content/ControlsProgramming.html
Log:
New Website Content
Added: incubator/beehive/trunk/site/src/documentation/content/ControlsOverview.html
==============================================================================
--- (empty file)
+++ incubator/beehive/trunk/site/src/documentation/content/ControlsOverview.html Mon Jul 26 14:42:30 2004
@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+<title>Controls Overview</title>
+<link type="text/css" href="skin/page.css" rel="stylesheet">
+</head>
+<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+
+<h3>Controls</h3>
+<b>Providing simplified and unified client access to J2EE resources</b><br><Br>
+
+<h3>Table of Contents</h3>
+
+
+<a href="#Overview">Overview </a><br>
+ <a href="#Complexity">Problem: Complexity -- Learning Curve </a><br>
+ <a href="#Controls ">Solution: Controls -- Unified Client Programming Model </a><br>
+ <a href="Resource">Problem: Resource Diversity -- Tooling Challenges </a><br>
+ <a href="#Controls Unified">Solution: Controls -- Unified Tooling Model </a><br>
+<a href="#Controls Architecture">The Controls Architecture </a><br>
+ <a href="#Operations">Operations and Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#Public">Public Interface / Private Implementation / ControlBean Wrapper </a><br>
+ <a href="#Flexible">A Flexible Property Model </a><br>
+ <a href="#Extensibility">Extensibility by Interface </a><br>
+ <a href="#Contextual">Contextual Services </a><br>
+ <a href="#Resource Management">Resource Management </a><br>
+ <a href="#Composition">Composition Model</a><br>
+ <a href="#Packaging">Packaging Model </a><br>
+<a href="#Controls Client">The Controls Client Models </a><br>
+ <a href="#Programmatic">Programmatic Client Model Example </a><br>
+ <a href="#Declarative">Declarative Programming Model Example </a><br><br>
+
+<h3><a name="#Overview">Overview</a></h3>
+J2EE provides a rich set of basic building blocks for constructing and interconnecting a distributed Web UI, application or service: EJBs, JMS, JAX-RPC, JDBC, and JCA, to name a few.
+<br><br>
+<b>The challenge for corporate developers and for J2EE development tool vendors is that each individual J2EE technology presents a unique set of client APIs, configuration models, and resource management strategies. </b><br><br>
+
+Because each is unique, the learning curve is high and the potential for tooling and automation is relatively low.
+<br><br>
+Significant progress is being made towards simplifying the authoring model for enterprise application components; but the client access model for developed components remains fragmented. Where simplification is being pursued, it is being done in a manner that is often resource-specific. While this approach offers the potential for easier use of any particular resource type, a lack of unification or commonality in the access mechanisms makes it difficult for tools to support the development process and still presents a learning curve for users.
+
+<br><br>
+<b>The Controls architecture provides a common framework and configuration model for how enterprise resources can be exposed to clients. It does not replace existing resource access models; it provides a unifying layer on top of them to provide consistency and simplification.</b>
+<br><br>
+It is based upon the JavaBeans component model, which was originally developed to be lightweight, executable in variety of environments, and toolable. It extends the base concepts of JavaBeans to add the new metadata capabilities of JSR-175, an extensibility model that allows the definition of customized and pre-configured views (operations), and a resource management strategy that enables client-side resources (such as stubs, handles, connections, sessions, etc.) to be managed transparently on behalf of the client.
+<br><br>
+<b>The Controls architecture is designed to be IDE-friendly, so defining and configuring client access to J2EE resources can be a property or wizard-driven process, and can be represented using visual design metaphors.</b><br><br>
+
+It includes a set of metadata attribute/property definition conventions that enables introspection and presentation of available configuration options and value validation. It provides a JAR-based packaging model, allowing Controls to be easily discovered by tools and assembled into application modules.
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="Complexity">Problem: Complexity -- Learning Curve</a></b>
+<br><br>
+J2EE provides a rich set of component types, protocols, and system services that can be used to assemble an application or service.
+<br><br>
+<b>As the scope of the J2EE architectural design space has grown, the complexity of assembling solutions has also grown. </b>
+<br><br>
+Many of the basic building blocks provide their own set of mechanisms for how J2EE abstractions are accessed, how usage is parameterized, and how resources associated with them (connections, sessions, etc) are managed.
+<br><br>
+
+An objective of the J2EE community is to expand beyond the Java system software developer that has traditionally built J2EE solutions to enfranchise a new type of developer: the corporate developer. The corporate developer is often a very strong programmer, but may have significantly less experience with object-oriented design, building distributed systems, and Java/J2EE.
+<br><br>
+<b>The goal is to enable a collaboration where the base J2EE distributed system architecture and back-end components can be designed and built by the J2EE system software developer, then assembled into exposed web user interfaces, web services, or applications by the corporate or application developer.</b><br><br>
+
+But the complexity and diversity of J2EE client access models stands in direct opposition to achieving this goal. Depending upon the system architecture and components constructed by the system developer, the application developer might have to learn a variety of new technologies and APIs to work within the architecture.
+<br><br>
+
+Consider a simple example: A systems developer has built a distributed system where synchronous services are exposed as Enterprise JavaBeans and asynchronous services are exposed via JMS queues. A corporate developer new to J2EE is tasked with building a web user interface that integrates with these services.
+<br><br>
+To accomplish his task, the corporate developer now has to learn how to:
+<ul>
+<li>Create a JNDI context and lookup resources. If resources are app-scoped, then how to provide the appropriate deployment descriptor configuration.
+<li>How to use home/business interfaces of exposed EJBs to access business methods, including understanding differences in usage depending upon whether the exposed EJBs are Stateless Session Beans, Stateful Session Beans, or Entity Beans.
+<li>How to obtain JMS connections/sessions, and references to queues.
+<li>How to construct and enqueue a JMS message.
+<li>How to properly manage the resources associated with the above, such that vital system resources (such as connections) are used efficiently and correctly. The cost of a subtle mistake can be poor system performance or even system failure.
+</ul>
+<br><br>
+What initially appears to be a simple task in the abstract (call these EJBs or enqueue a message that looks like this) can devolve into hours or days or reading J2EE HowTo books and Javadoc API references, getting the right deployment descriptor values configured, and calling all the right APIs, at all of the right times, in the right order. In the resulting application or service, often the directly application-related code (i.e. calling the bean business method or building message contents) is a small fraction of the total code required to accomplish the task.
+<br><br>
+Here is an example of the code required to invoke a single method on an exposed EJB using standard J2EE APIs:
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+Trader trader = null;
+try
+{
+ InitialContext ic = new InitialContext();
+ TraderHome home = (TraderHome)ic.lookup("MyTraderBean");
+ Trader trader = home.create();
+ TradeResult tradeResult = trader.buy(stock, shares);
+ return tradeResult;
+}
+catch (NamingException ne)
+{
+ �
+}
+finally
+{
+ if (trader != null)
+ trader.remove();
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+A common solution to this problem is often to task the J2EE professional developer with constructing facades or custom frameworks that hide some of the underlying complexity and resource access mechanisms and provides appropriate guarantees that system resources (connections, sessions, handles, etc) are utilized properly. But constructing these intermediate abstractions is an inefficient use of (an often scarce and expensive) systems development resources. Depending upon the "thickness" of the intermediate abstractions, this approach can also have performance or application deployment footprint implications.
+<br><Br>
+<b><a name="Solution">Solution: Controls -- Unified Client Programming Model</a><br><br></b>
+Controls reduce the complexity and learning curve associated with acting as a client of J2EE resources by providing a unified client model that can provide access to diverse types of resources.
+<br><br>
+<b>To the client, Controls appear as JavaBeans that can be instantiated and used for resource access.</b><br><br>
+
+Properties that parameterize resource access can be set using JSR-175 metadata attributes, as arguments to factory-based instantiation, or even bound using externalized configuration data. These configuration mechanisms are consistent across all resource types, and Controls provide the appropriate mapping to resource-type-specific APIs or deployment descriptor entries.
+<br><br>
+Controls present operations on the resource as methods on the JavaBean interface. They also support a two-way communication style where resource events can be delivered to a registered listener.
+<br><br>
+<b>Controls provide a consistent model for discovering the configuration options, operations, and events exposed by a resource. </b><br><br>
+Controls can also provide transparent (to the client) resource management of connections, sessions, or other resources to be obtained on behalf of the client, held for an appropriate resource scope to achieve best performance, and then released. This resource management mechanism frees the client from having to learn or understand the acquisition mechanisms, and from having to directly participate in guaranteeing their release. The Controls architecture provides this functionality by defining a simple resource management contract that can cooperate with an outer container to manage resources at the appropriate scope (for example, bounded to a transaction context or outer container operation or request scope).
+<br><br>
+Using a Control that exposes the Trader EJB in the earlier example, the code to invoke the buy() method on this bean can become:
+<br><br>
+The TraderBean Control fully encapsulates the JNDI lookup as well as the home/bean interface operations needed to get an instance of the Trader EJB and invoke the buy() method on it, and exposes the JNDI name of the EJB as a property that can be set either programmatic, via metadata, or using an external deployment descriptor.
+<br><br>
+
+Controls also provide an extensibility model that allows customized view of a resource to be constructed, with discrete operations defined as methods on the control. For example, it is possible to define a custom operation on a Control type representing a JMS queue resource, that uses metadata attributes to define the format of the message, with message contents set from message parameters. This enables the professional developer (or even the corporate developer) to construct new customized facades for resource access with a minimum of effort.
+<br><br>
+
+Weblogic Workshop Controls can be considered a "proof of concept" for the Controls architecture. Workshop Controls have used similar techniques to provide a base mechanism for unified access to:
+<ul>
+<li>Enterprise JavaBeans
+<li> JMS Queues and Topics
+<li> Web Services
+<li> Database Access via JDBC
+<li>Enterprise Resources via JCA
+</ul>
+<b>The goal of the Controls architecture is not to define the standards for how specific resource types will be exposed; rather, it is to guarantee that when exposed they will have a commonality in mechanism that makes them easier to understand and use by developers.</b><br><br>
+<b><a name="Resource">Problem: Resource Diversity -- Tooling Challenges</a><br><br></b>
+Beyond adding to overall complexity, the diversity of J2EE resource types and access mechanisms also makes it difficult for tools to offer assistance to developers who need to use them.
+<br><Br>
+<b>
+For existing client models, the configuration of resource access is often some combination of resource-specific API usage and deployment descriptor entries. This generally requires custom IDE code that is knows how to generate the right (resource-specific) code or configuration entries.</b><br><br>
+
+Specific resource types often need custom code in order to define wizards or property-driven user interface that aids in the process of defining a client of the resource. There is no common mechanism for discovering the potential set of configurable attributes for a resource type. This means that any graphical presentation of client attributes or wizards must be custom-authored based upon resource type.
+<br><br>
+Once configured, there is the secondary problem of how the IDE represents a configured client resource in source form. There are at least two potential options: save the attributes as generated source code and/or deployment descriptor entries that are resource-specific or define a canonical representation that is native to the IDE. Both are problematic. Two-way editing can be difficult, if the canonical format is generated source code or descriptors are visible to the end user and directly editable. Using some IDE-specific canonical representation (either based upon a closed framework or configuration data) means the configured client abstraction isn't portable to other development environments or editable outside of the IDE.
+<br><br>
+Using the IDE to develop directly to native resource APIs or descriptor formats is also lacking in that it doesn't necessary have an associated constraint or extensibility model. If a resource should be consistently accessed with a particular configuration or expected semantics, there is no good way to describe resource constraints for clients or to enforce that they are followed. A concrete example is a JMS queue where it is expected that messages will always conform to a specific format or contain an expected set of properties. There is no good way of representing this constraint to the client, or of enforcing that it consistently following, short of runtime errors when it is not.
+<br><br>
+The lack of a single canonical representation also makes it difficult for the systems developer to collaborate with the corporate developer, short of constructing and exposing custom facades for client access. But even then, there is the IDE problem of knowing what facades are available, and how they should be configured and used once selected.
+<br><br>
+<b>Without any well-defined source format for representing client resource configuration, packaging models, or discovery mechanisms, there is no non-proprietary way for the IDE to present the notion of configured resources, nor to pre-configure client access to resources.</b><br><br>
+<b><a name="Controls Unified">Solution: Controls == Unified Tooling Model</a><br><br></b>
+Controls, like the JavaBeans upon which they are built, are designed for tooling. Beyond the common programming model presented to developers, Controls also offer resource discovery and property introspection mechanisms that allow an IDE to locate available Controls and present and interactively configure their properties.
+<br><Br>
+<b>Because Controls expose operations, events, and properties using common mechanisms, an IDE can support client use cases based upon these mechanisms as well as a common authoring model for defining new types of Controls, without the need for a large amount of resource-specific code.</b><br><Br>
+Using a common client model allows a single base of IDE code to allow the use of a variety of resource types, based upon introspection. Using a shared model (and code) for presenting and configuring client access also results in a consistent user experience when working with resources, both on the client and authoring side. While the developer might be using a diverse set of resources in the course of building a user interface, service, or application, the learning curve from a user interaction perspective can be reduced in the same way that it is reduced from an API perspective by having a common model.
+<br><br>
+<b>Controls extend the base properties support of JavaBeans to add support for metadata-based (JSR-175) attributes, constraints, and an extensibility model, allowing an IDE to define new Control types that are pre-configured for specific resource access use cases.</b><br><br>
+The earlier programming example showed a simple customized Control defined to access an Enterprise JavaBean advertised at a particular JNDI location. This example could easily have been constructed by an IDE using JMX to explore advertised EJBs on a J2EE server, and then generating the necessary Control definition that exposes the EJB with the specific home/business interfaces represented as operations on the bean and the correct JNDI location pre-configured as an attribute.
+<br><br>
+The Controls architecture supports the definition of configuration options list for a particular Control type. This lists the base set of properties that are associated with the type and can be used to:
+<ul>
+<li>Specify the attributes in the set that can be configured using JSR-175 metadata, and the syntax for doing so. This enables an IDE to present property-style selection of metadata-based attributes and values, as well as providing the ability to validate the annotations on any usage of the type and relationships between annotations.
+<li>Specify the attributes in the set that should be settable dynamically using property getters/setters on instances of the type. This can be used to support auto-generation of Control types with property accessors based upon the attribute set.
+<li>Derive a schema for representing the configuration of the attribute set using XML. These can be used in common tools for state management (to persist the representation of a Control instance and its attributes as XML) as well as in an externalized configuration mechanism that allows attributes to be bound externally using deployment descriptor-style configuration files. This makes the construction of instance introspectors and administrative tools much more straightforward, as compared to using ad-hoc deployment descriptor formats.
+</ul>
+<br><br>
+Controls also provide a JAR-based packaging mechanism, for how Control types can be discovered within a jar.
+<br><br>
+<b>The Controls architecture provides a well-defined packaging model that enables system vendors, 3rd party providers, or J2EE system developers (in the collaborative scenario) to distribute controls that offer client access to provided services or components. An IDE can then discover packaged controls to present them in a palette or list of available resource types for client use.</b><br><br>
+<h3><a name="Controls Architecture">The Controls Architecture</a></h3>
+The following picture shows the basic runtime architecture and the relationships between a resource client, the associated Control, and the accessed J2EE resource:
+<br><br>
+<img src="images/ControlsOverview_1.gif">
+<br><Br>
+The Resource Client represents user code in a web application, service, or application that needs access to the J2EE resource. The Resource Client and supporting Control will always live in the same virtual machine and communicate directly using local Java method invocation. The accessed resource may or may not reside within the same virtual machine, depending upon the nature of the resource and the application server environment.
+<br><br>
+Dynamic property accessors and resource operations are exposed on the Control and used by the client to initiate resource access. Data from the resource may be returned as return values from operations or fired as events on the bean event interface to registered listeners.
+<br><Br>
+Resource access may be parameterized by JSR-175 metadata declared directly on the Control instance, class, or method declarations, or by properties provided to the factory-based constructor. In addition to this, there is an external configuration model for how properties can be bound from external configuration (ex. deployment descriptors), enabling deploy-time binding of attributes. Examples of resource attributes that might be parameterized by metadata or external configuration or JNDI names associated with resources, resource or protocol configuration, message formats, etc.
+<br><br>
+The Control itself will often hold a reference to a resource proxy associated with the accessed resource, and will use the proxy to enact operations requested by the client. Examples of resource proxies are EJB home or remote stubs, JMS connections or sessions, web service client proxies, etc. The Control manages the state and lifetime of this proxy reference, coordinated by a set of resource management notification events that are provided to it indicating how long the proxy resources can be held by an outer container that determines the resource scope.
+<br><br>
+The actual communication between the resource proxy and the resource itself is generally a function of the underlying resource. For EJBs, it might reflect communication via RMI or local Java invocation, for web services it might be service invocation based upon JAX-RPC/SOAP, etc.
+<br><br>
+The following sections describes some of the key features and attributes of the Controls Architecture:
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="Operations">Operations and Events</a></b><br><br>
+Controls support a two-way interaction style with resource clients. The set of operations callable by the client are defined on the base public interface for the control, and the set of possible callbacks (events) that might be delivered back to the client from the resource are defined, by convention, on an optional inner Callback interface of the base public interface.
+<br><br>
+Here is a simple example that represents the client interface to a timer service resource:
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+public interface TimerControl extends Control
+{
+ public void start() throws IllegalStateException;
+ public void stop();
+ public interface Callback
+ {
+ public void onTimeout(long time);
+ }
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+In this example, TimerControl is the base public interface for timer Control. The TimerControl supports operations related to setting and using a timer (start, stop), as well as a single event (onTimeout) that will be delivered when the timer fires.
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="Public">Public Interface / Private Implementation / Bean Wrapper </b></a><br><br>
+The definition of a new resource type in the Control architecture is composed of three distinct classes:
+<ul>
+<li>The public Control Public Interface defines the set of operations and events that are exposed for the resource type. In the earlier TimerControl example, TimerControl is the public resource interface for the timer service resource.
+<li>The private Control Private Implementation class provides the implementation of resource operations as well as proxy resource management. In the TimerControl example, there would be a class (TimerControlImpl) that provides the implementation of the timer operations using the supporting resources of a J2EE timer service.
+<li>The Control Bean Wrapper class is the JavaBean wrapper around the implementation class that provides the property accessor implementation, per-instance storage of dynamic properties, and property resolution services. It performs event listener routing and initialization of contextual services and nested Controls.
+</ul>
+The relationship and functions of these classes is summarized in the following diagram:
+<br><Br>
+<img src="images/ControlsOverview_2.gif">
+<br><br>
+The following picture shows how these 3 classes work together to fulfill the runtime responsibilities shown in the earlier architecture diagram:
+<br><br>
+<img src="images/ControlsOverview_3.gif">
+<br><Br>
+<b><a name="Flexible">A Flexible Configuration Model</b><br><Br></a>
+A key aspect of the Controls architecture is a flexible configuration model for how resource access attributes will be resolved. Properties can be used to parameterize resource access, providing attributes such as JNDI names for local resources, web service URLs, connection attributes, etc.
+<br><Br>
+It must be possible to introspect a bean and set the available set of properties. Additionally, Controls need to move beyond the traditional property setter/getter to provide some additional capabilities:
+<ul>
+<li>Enables the assignment of Control properties using JSR-175 metadata attribute declarations on Control classes, instances, or methods.
+<li>Provides a consistent externalized property binding model, so resource attributes can be managed without requiring changes to source code.
+</ul>
+The three property configuration mechanisms (programmatic property accessors on the Control, JSR-175 metadata on Control declarations, and external deployment descriptor-style configuration) have a well-defined property resolution precedence that is implemented and enforced by the Control base implementation.
+ The precedence (from highest to lowest) is:
+<ul>
+<li>Programmatically set property value
+<li>Externally configured property value
+<li>Metadata-defined property value</ul>
+<br><br>
+In other words, the resource client can override a value defined by either externalized configuration or metadata, and a value defined in externalized configuration can override a metadata-defined value.
+<br><br>
+To ensure that this flexibility is not misused where it is not desirable, it is also possible to declaratively specify the mechanisms that can be used to set attribute values. So an attribute could be marked as 'read-only' from a programmatic perspective, and would only have a getter and not a setter, or a metadata-based attribute could be marked as bound in a 'final' way that prevents override by either external configuration or programmatic mechanisms. This is useful in the previously described collaborative scenario, where the J2EE Systems Developer who is responsible for resource access definitions via Controls might want to constrain the flexibility that the consumer (the Corporate Developer) has in modifying those definitions upon use.
+<br><br>
+
+In the earlier TimerControl example, an attribute might exist to set the timeout value of the timer. For this attribute, it should be possible to set the value programmatically, externally, or using declarative annotations.
+<br><br>
+The declaration of the TimerControl JSR-175 attribute and member might look something like:
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+Package com.myco;
+public @interface Timer {
+
+ /** @return timeout Duration as string */
+ @AccessModes (property-style=true, external=true) String timeOut();
+�
+ }
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+This defines a metadata attribute (com.myco.Timer) that has a String member value named 'timeOut'. The AccessModes meta-attribute specifies that the member can be set via JavaBean property-style accessors and external configuration, as well as using declarative metadata.
+<br><br>
+An example of setting the timeOut member of the Timer metadata attribute inside of client code might look like:
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre> @Timer(timeout="3 seconds")
+public TimerControlBean myTimerBean;
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+Because the AccessModes attribute indicates that a property-style accessors are enabled, the TimerControlBean will also advertise the following JavaBean property accessor methods:
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre> Public String getTimeOut();
+public void setTimeOut(String timeout);
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+This accessor could be used from client code, as in the following example:
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+myTimerBean.setTimeout("3 seconds");
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>Finally, there will also be a derived XML schema for external configuration of the Control based upon the set of properties that are defined as externally configurable. This schema is derived from the metadata attribute definition, not authored directly.
+<br><br>
+The configuration of the timeout member based upon external configuration would look something like:
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>…
+ <timer:timer xmlns:timer="http://openuri.org/com/myco/TimerControl">
+ <timer:timeOut>3 seconds</timer:timeOut>
+ </timer:timer>
+…
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="Extensibility">Resource Views: Extensibility by Interface</a></b><br><br>
+Controls also support an extensibility model that allows operations on a resource to be defined using a customized interface that extends the base public resource interface, and defines metadata-annotated operations on the resource. This enables the construction of "views" or specific resource use cases, defining a more-specific set of resource operations or events.
+<br><Br>
+As an example, imagine there is a basic DatabaseControl that provides simplified database access using JDBC, and hides and manages the details of how JDBC connections are acquired and released from the client programmer.
+<br><Br>
+This Control could also define an extensibility model that allows the execution of JDBC PreparedStatements as operations on an extended interface, and marshals the returned ResultSet back to native Java types. When extended in this manner, the resulting extended control presents a view of the JDBC resource as a set of methods that result in the execution of predefined PreparedStatements.
+<br><br>
+An example of the customized interface for this Control might look like:
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+public interface CustomerDatabase extends ControlExtension, DatabaseControl
+{
+ @sql statement="INSERT INTO CUSTOMERDB (ID, NAME) VALUES ({id}, {name})"
+ int newCustomer(int id, String name) throws SQLException;
+
+ @sql statement="SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERDB WHERE ID = {id}"
+ Customer findCustomer(int id);
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+In this simple example, each operation on the interface corresponds to a SQL prepared statement to be executed. Metadata attributes on the methods are used to define the additional semantics required, in this case the actual SQL statement to invoke.
+<br><br>
+Support for Extensibility by Interface is optional. The Control author has full control of whether extensibility is or is not supported, as well as the ability to define and implement resource-specific semantics associated with extended operations on the control type.
+<br><Br>
+<b><a name="Contextual">Contextual Services</b><br><Br></a>
+Given their use case (resource access), it should be possible to use Controls from a variety of different runtime contexts: within web tier containers (servlets, JSP, JSF), within web services, standalone Java applications, even from within EJBs. Given this diverse set of contexts, Controls need to have a flexible model for how they integrate with any outer container or component model and for how services will be obtained from them.
+<br><BR>
+Controls may need access to contextual services to support resources. One example of client-side contextual services might be security services to access a credential repository or to provide data encryption/decryption services.
+Services may be contextual, because the actual implementation might vary based upon the type of container in which the Control is running. As an example, a security contextual service might provide different implementations for Controls running in the EJB tier (by delegating to an enclosing EJBContext) vs. Controls running in the Servlet container vs. Controls running in a standalone Java application.
+<br><Br>
+Contextual services can also define an event model, so contextual services can also declare and fire events on Controls that have registered in interest. As an example, a basic ControlContext contextual service is provided as part of the base Controls architecture. This contextual service provides common services for Controls, such as access to properties, as well as a set of lifecycle events for Controls.
+<br><Br>
+The discovery and implementation model for Controls Contextual Services will be based upon the JavaBeans Runtime Containment and Services Protocol (Glasgow) (<a href="http://java.sun.com/products/javabeans/glasgow/#containment">http://java.sun.com/products/javabeans/glasgow/#containment</a>) that is already shipping as part of J2SE.
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="Resource Management">Resource Management</a></b><br><Br>
+The Controls architecture defines a unique set of lifecycle events and a resource management contract between Controls and the execution container they are running within. There are three primary motivations for this:
+<ul>
+<li>To enable the Control implementation to implicitly obtain supporting client-side resources (connections, sessions, etc) on behalf of the client.
+<li> To enable the Control to hold these client-side resources for an appropriate resource scope (across multiple client invocations) to achieve optimal performance and utilization of resources
+<li>To ensure that client-side resources obtains on behalf of the client are consistently released at the end of the appropriate resource scope.
+</ul>
+The key is that resource management should be transparent to the client. The Control resource management design makes the Control implementation class the responsible party, instead of the placing this burden upon the client of the resource, which is the common approach associated with most J2EE resource types.
+<br><Br>
+This is achieved by defining two basic lifecycle events that will be delivered to the Control Implementation Class:
+<ul>
+<li>onAcquire: the onAcquire event is delivered to a resource implementation on the first client invocation within a resource scope. This provides an opportunity to obtain any basic client-side resources necessary to support operations on the Control. For example, a Control that was providing access to a JMS queue might use the onAcquire event to obtain a JMS connection, session, and a reference to the target queue.
+<li>onRelease: the onRelease event is guaranteed to be delivered to every control implementation instance that has received an onAcquire event during the current resource scope, at the end of that scope. This provides the opportunity to release any of the resources obtained during onAcquire event processing. In the previous example, the JMS connection and session could be appropriately closed and the queue reference reset to null.
+</ul>
+<br><Br>
+The definition of resource scope is delegated to the outer container within which the Control is executing. For example, if the Control is executing within the web tier, the resource scope might be bounded by the duration of processing of the current http request. For a Control running in the EJB tier, the resource scope might be the current EJB method invocation or possibly even by the current transaction context.
+<br><Br>The following diagram shows the basic mechanics of this contract:
+<br><Br>
+<img src="images/ControlsOverview_3.gif">
+<br><BR>
+The Client Container has two basic responsibilities: to maintain an accumulated list of Controls that have acquired resources, and to invoke releaseResources API on each of them at the end of the appropriate resource scope. The Control Bean is responsible for delivering the onAcquire event to the Control Implementation instance, for notifying the Client Container that resources have been obtained, and for delivering the onRelease event to the implementation when notified by the Client Container.
+<br><Br>
+This diagram also demonstrates the transparency of resource management to client code itself; the client is only invoking operations, and all of the necessary underlying resource management is done by interactions between the Client Container, Control Bean, and Control Implementation.
+<br><Br>
+<b><a name="Composition">Composition Model</a></b><br><BR>
+The Controls architecture also supports a composition model, so it is possible to define a Control type that nests another Control type. This makes it possible to extend a physical resource abstraction with a logical abstraction that lives entirely on the client side. Composition is useful for the construction of facades or to add additional client side operations, events, or state to the nested Control abstraction.
+<br><br>
+Composition of Controls is supported using the mechanisms defined by the JavaBeans Runtime Containment and Services Protocol (Glasgow).
+<br><Br>
+<b><a name="Packaging">Packaging Model</b></a><br><BR>
+The Controls architecture provides a simple JAR-based packaging model that enables Controls to be packaged for distribution. The model defines a simple manifest file that describes the set of Controls within a jar. Tools can quickly introspect and build palettes of available controls based upon this packaging model.
+<br><br>
+It should be possible to place Control jar files at a variety of classloader scopes (system, application, or module) for client use cases.
+<br><br>
+<h3><a name="Controls Client">The Controls Client Models</h3></a>
+The Controls architecture actually offers two related client models with slight different characteristics:
+<ul>
+<li> A programmatic client model, where the client explicitly specifies Control instance attributes to factory-based constructors, and does direct registration of event listeners and event handling.
+<li> A declarative client model, where Control instance attributes are specified using JSR-175 metadata, and event routing is implicit based upon a set of basic naming conventions.
+</ul>
+The two offer the same basic functionality; but in the programmatic model the client takes explicit responsibility for construction of Control instances and event routing; in the declarative model, the Control container provides initialization and routing services on behalf of the client. The programmatic model directly exposes the details of how initialization and event handling takes place; it is likely a more comfortable environment for the professional developer or one who is already comfortable with constructing and handling events from JavaBeans. The declarative model hides many of these details, making it much easier for corporate developers (and development tools) to quickly declare and configure Control instances and create event handling code to service events.
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="Programmatic">Programmatic Client Model</a><br></b><br>
+The programmatic client model follows the basic pattern of JavaBeans construction and event handling:
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+TimerControlBean myTimerBean = (TimerControlBean)ControlBean.instantiate(
+ classloader, "com.myco.TimerControlBean");
+myTimerBean.setTimeout("3 seconds");
+myTimerBeans.addTimerControlEventListener(
+ new TimerControlEventListener() // anonymous event handler class
+ {
+ public void onTimeout(long time)
+ {
+ // timer event handling code
+ }
+ } );
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+In the example above, a factory-based instantiation API (Controls.instantiate()) is used to construct a new instance of the TimerControlBean. It is programmatically initialized to the desired configuration, and then an event handler (based upon the declaration of an anonymous inner class) is used to service events from the bean.
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="Declarative">Declarative Programming Model</a><br></b><br>
+The following example is equivalent to the preceding example, but uses declarative style construction and event routing:
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>@Timer(timeout="3 seconds") TimerControlBean myTimerBean;
+
+�
+
+public void myTimerBean_onTimeout(long time)
+{
+ // timer event handling code
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+In this example, the TimerControlBean instance is declared with attributes specified using JSR-175 metadata. There is no implicit construction of the bean instance; the client container for the ControlBean will recognize the presence of the Control declaration and will implicitly initialize the instance. Additionally, it (also implicitly) declares the necessary event listener class and routing code to deliver onTimeout events on the TimerControlBean instance to the declared event handler.
+
+
+
+</body>
+
Added: incubator/beehive/trunk/site/src/documentation/content/ControlsProgramming.html
==============================================================================
--- (empty file)
+++ incubator/beehive/trunk/site/src/documentation/content/ControlsProgramming.html Mon Jul 26 14:42:30 2004
@@ -0,0 +1,1774 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+<title>Controls Authoring and Client Model</title>
+<link type="text/css" href="skin/page.css" rel="stylesheet">
+</head>
+<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+
+<h3>Controls</h3>
+<b>Authoring and Client Model Overview</b><br><Br>
+<h3>Table of Contents</h3>
+<a href="#Overview">Overview</a><br>
+<a href="#Example"> An Example</a><br>
+<a href="#Control Authoring"> The Control Authoring Model </a><br>
+<a href="#Control Client"> The Control Client Models </a><br>
+<a href="#Defining">Defining a New Control Type </a><br>
+<a href="#Instantiating">Instantiating a Control</a><br>
+ <a href="#Declarative">Declarative Instantiation</a><br>
+ <a href="#Programmatic">Programmatic Instantiation </a><br>
+<a href="#Operations">Operations </a><br>
+ <a href="#DeclaringImplementing">Declaring and Implementing Operations for a Control</a><br>
+ <a href="#InvokingOperations">Invoking Operations on a Control </a><br>
+<a href="#Events"> Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#Declaring Events">Declaring Events</a><br>
+ <a href="#Firing Events">Firing Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#Listening">Listening for Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#Declarative">Declarative Implementation of Event Handling </a><br>
+ <a href="#Programmatic Implemantation">Programmatic Implementation of Event Handling </a><br>
+<a href="#Contextual"> Contextual Services </a><br>
+ <a href="#Declarative Access">Declarative Access to Contextual Services</a><br>
+ <a href="#ProgrammaticAccess">Programmatic Access to Contextual Services </a><br>
+ <a href="#Tradeoffs">Tradeoffs between Declarative and Programmatic Access </a><br>
+<a href="#Properties">Properties </a><br>
+ <a href="#Declaring Properties">Declaring Properties for a Control Type </a><br>
+ <a href="#Accessing Properties">Accessing Properties from Client Code </a><br>
+ <a href="#Accessing Properties Control">Accessing Properties from Control Implementation code </a><br>
+ <a href="#External Config">External Configuration of Control Properties </a><br>
+<a href="Extensibility"> Extensibility </a><br>
+ <a href="#Defining Extended">Defining an Extended Interface for a Control Type </a><br>
+ <a href="#Defining Extension">Defining Extension Semantics for a Control Type </a><br>
+ <a href="#Authoring"> Authoring an Extensible Control Type </a><br>
+ <a href="#Client Model">Client Model for Using an Extended Control Type </a><br>
+<a href="#Composition">Composition </a><br>
+ <a href="#Composition Declarative">Composition Using Declarative Instantiation </a><br>
+ <a href="#Composition Programmatic">Composition using Programmatic Mechanisms </a><br>
+ <a href="#Internal Architecture">Internal Architecture for Composition and Services </a><br>
+<a href="#Context Events">Context Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#Life Cycle">Life Cycle Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#onCreate">The onCreate Event </a><br>
+ <a href="#onAcquire">The onAcquire Event </a><br>
+ <a href="#onRelease">The onRelease Event </a><br>
+ <a href="#Receiving Life">Receiving Life Cycle Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#Declarative Life"> Declarative Access to Life Cycle Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#Programmatic Life">Programmatic Access to Life Cycle Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#JavaBean"> JavaBean Context Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#PropertyChange">PropertyChange Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#Membership"> Membership Events </a><br>
+ <a href="#Context Services">Context Services Events </a><br>
+<a href="#AppendixA">Appendix A: The JmsMessageControl Public Interface </a><br>
+<a href="#AppendixB"> Appendix B: The JmsMessageControl Implementation Class </a><br><br>
+
+<h3><a name="#Overview">Overview</a></h3>
+The Control architecture is a lightweight component framework based upon JavaBeans, which exposes a simple and consistent client model for accessing a variety of resource types. Controls take the base functionality of JavaBeans and add in the following unique new capabilities:
+<ul>
+<li> Enhanced authoring model: uses a public interface contract and an associated implementation class to enable generation of a supporting JavaBean class for handling the details of property management and initialization.
+<li> Extensibility model: enables the construction of views and custom operations (with implied semantics) on the Control using metadata-annotated interfaces.
+<li>JSR-175 metadata attributes and external configuration data: provides an enhanced configuration model for resource access.
+</ul>
+This document focuses on the Controls programming and configuration model from two distinct perspectives:
+<ul>
+<li>The authoring and extensibility model for defining a new type of Control
+<li> The client access model for declaring and using Controls
+</ul>
+An overview of the Control architecture and toolable access models can be found in the companion document entitled "Controls: Providing Simplified and Unified Access to J2EE Resources".
+<br><br>
+<h3><a name="#Example">An Example</a></h3>
+In the course of describing the programming model for Controls, this document builds upon an example Control that simplifies the enqueueing of JMS messages with a specific format and set of properties. Once completed, client code to accomplish this should be as straightforward as:
+<br><Br>
+Enqueueing using OrderQueueBean (Client Code)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+OrderQueueBean orderBean = (OrderQueueBean)
+ java.beans.Beans.instantiate("org.apache.beehive.controls.examples.OrderQueueBean");
+Order order = new Order(myID, new String [ ] {"item1", "item2"};
+OrderBean.submitOrder(order, "01-28-2004");
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+This document starts with a brief overview of the Control Authoring and Client Programming Models to establish some basic context, eventually building to enable the example above.
+<br><Br>
+<h3><a name="#Control Authoring"> The Control Authoring Model</a></h3>
+This section describes the basic authoring model for Controls. This includes a description of the following elements:
+<ul>
+<li><strong>Control Public Interface:</strong> source file that defines the set of operations, events, extensibility model, and properties associated with the Control type.
+<li><strong>Control Implementation Class:</strong> source file that provides the implementation of the operations and extensibility model described by the Control Public Interface.
+<li> <strong>ControlBean Generated Class:</strong> code-generated JavaBean class that is derived from the Control Public Interface and the Control Implementation Class by a Control compiler.
+</ul>
+This authoring model is a departure from the traditional JavaBeans programming model, which is largely based upon a set of conventions that a bean author is expected to follow when constructing a new JavaBean type. In the Controls model, the author defines operations, events, and properties in an interface (Control Public Interface) and builds an underlying implementation (Control Implementation Class). A Control compiler takes these two elements and generates a specialized type of JavaBean (ControlBean Generated Class), which represents the full client programmer's view of the Control.
+<br><br>
+ There are two primary advantages of this model:
+ <ul>
+<li><strong>Simplicity.</strong> A key goal of any ease-of-use programming model is to free the developer from worrying about plumbing. Managing property values, event listener lists, and other basic JavaBean functions are fairly rote from implementation to implementation. The Controls architecture employs a unique variant of the Inversion of Control (IoC) design pattern based on JSR-175 metadata. This enables a Control Implementation Class to declaratively specify the events or services it requires to provide its semantics. The ControlBean Generated Class acts as a lightweight container to provide contextual hookup and implementation details.
+<li><strong>Consistency.</strong> Instead of trying to provide consistency through convention, the Control compiler provides both verification and code generation services to ensure that the resulting implementation provides consistent APIs and behaviors for clients, tools, and application deployers or administrators.
+</ul>
+The relationship between these three elements is shown in the following diagram:
+<br><br>
+<img src="images/ControlsProgramming_1.gif">
+<br><Br>
+The client will interact with the Control by invoking operations defined on the Control Public Interface or dynamic property accessor methods on a ControlBean instance. The client can also express interest in any events the Control might generate by registering a listener to receive them.
+<br><Br>
+The following diagram represents the relationship between the Control Public Interface, the Control Implementation Class, and the ControlBean Generated Class:
+<br><Br>
+<img src="images/ControlsProgramming_2.gif">
+<br><Br>
+The Control Public Interface defines the operations on the Control and will be implemented by both the Control Implementation Class and the ControlBean Generated Class. The ControlBean Generated Class will also define property accessor methods and internally will maintain the state of property values. It will also maintain a reference to one (and only one) Control Implementation instance. The Control Implementation instance, wrapped by a bean instance, provides the actual implementation of resource semantics for the Control.
+<br><br>
+The subsequent sections will outline the various characteristics of Controls:
+<ul>
+<li>Declaration/Instantiation
+<li>Operations
+<li> Events
+<li> Contextual Services
+<li> Properties
+<li> Extensibility
+<li> Composition
+<li>Context Events
+</ul>
+Where applicable, the aspects of each of these characteristics will be explored in two dimensions: from the perspective of a Control author who is defining a new type of Control, and from the perspective of a Control client that is using the services of an available Control type.
+<br><br>
+To make the descriptions more concrete, the characteristics will be presented within the context of a sample Control: the JmsMessageControl. This Control will provide a simplified client access model for enqueuing messages to a JMS queue or topic, freeing the client from having to learn the nuances of JMS client programming.
+<br><br>
+<a name="#Control Client"><h3>The Control Client Models</h3></a>
+There are actually two distinct programming models that may be available to clients of Controls:
+<ul>
+<li> <strong>Declarative Model. </strong> Uses a metadata-based variant of the Inversion of Control (IoC) design pattern to allow a component author to declare Control instances, contextual services, and event handlers using annotated fields and methods. The declarative model simplifies client programming, because many of the details of initialization and event routing are left to an external container supporting the model. A declarative programming style is also more toolable, since it is much easier for tools to manage and manipulate metadata rather than code.
+<li><strong>Programmatic Model.</strong> Uses the traditional JavaBean-style APIs for acting as a client of a bean, including factory-based constructor and event listeners. The programmatic model may be more comfortable to the traditional Java programmer, who wants to see and be in control of all the details. It also enables client use cases where there is no supporting container for the declarative model.
+
+</ul>
+The programmatic client model is generally available in all contexts where Controls might be used. It offers full generality, but leaves many of the details up to the client programmer, such as initialization, composition, and event handling wire-up.
+<br><Br>
+The declarative model hides many of these details. Based upon its use of metadata it is also more tool friendly, allowing tools to present a view of the client code without code analysis.
+<br><Br>
+The declarative model requires support of an outer container or construction-time code that fulfills the contract implied by annotations on a client class.
+<br><BR>
+The ControlBean itself provides this support, so the Control Authoring Model is oriented towards using the declarative model, although programmatic equivalents are generally available.
+<br><BR>
+<a name="#Defining"><h3>Defining a New Control Type</h3></a>
+Controls are designed to make it very easy for users (and tools) to define new types of Controls. Control authors might be:
+<ul>
+<li> System vendors exposing specific types of resources
+<li> Application developers defining new types of logical resources (possibly based upon physical ones)
+<li> Third-party software vendors, using Controls as a mechanism to interface to components or subsystems they provide.
+</ul>
+In all instances, the goal of the Controls authoring model is to provide a basic set of conventions and supporting tools to make it easy to author a new Control type.
+<br><br>
+To get started, a Control author would define the two basic artifacts:
+<ul>
+<li>the Control Public Interface
+<li> the Control Implementation Class</ul>
+For the JmsMessageControl, the declaration of the public interface might look like:
+<br><BR>
+Interface Declaration (Control Public Interface)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.ControlInterface;
+
+@ControlInterface
+public interface JmsMessageControl
+{
+ …
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+The only basic rule for a Control Public Interface is that it must be annotated by the org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.ControlInterface marker interface.
+<br><Br>
+The second source artifact a Control author would create to define a new type of Control is the Control Implementation Class. This declaration of the implementation class for our JmsMessageControl would look like:
+<br><BR>
+
+Class Declaration (Control Implementation Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+public class JmsMessageControlImpl implements JmsMessageControl
+{
+ …
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+public class JmsMessageControIBean implements JmsMessageControl
+{
+ private JmsMessageControlImpl _impl;
+
+ …
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+As shown above, the ControlBean Generated Class will also implement the Control Public Interface. The sample also shows that the bean will hold a private reference to an implementation instance used to support the bean.
+<br><br>
+<h3><a name="#Instantiating">Instantiating a Control</a></h3>
+This section covers the client mechanisms for creating a new instance of a Control. This can be done either programmatically or declarative, if running inside a container that support declarative initialization.
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#Declarative">Declarative Instantiation</b></a><br>
+The client model for Controls supports a declarative model for instantiating a Control instance, when running in containers that support this model. In this model, the client class can annotate fields on the class using a special marker annotation (org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.Control) that indicates that the fields should be initialized to a ControlBean instance of the requested type.
+<br><Br>
+Here is an example of declarative instantiation:
+<Br><BR>
+Declarative Instantiation (Client Code)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+Import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.Control;
+
+public class PublisherControlImpl extends PublisherControl
+{
+ @Control
+ public JmsMessageControlBean myJmsBean;
+
+ …
+
+ public void someOperation()
+ {
+ myJmsBean.sendTextMessage("A Text Message");
+ }
+}
+
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+This example shows a second Control Implementation Class (PublisherControlImpl) that internally uses the services of JmsMessageControl to enqueue a JMS message. The child Control field is not explicitly initialized within the PublisherControl implementation class; by the time someOperation() is called, it is guaranteed that the myJmsBean reference has been initialized by the wrapping PublisherControlBean that contains the implementation.
+<br><Br>
+It is also possible to parameterize the attributes of a Control at construction time, again using metadata attributes. These attributes can be placed on the field declaration (in addition to the @Control annotation) and will be used to do construction-time initialization.<br><br>
+
+The second example below shows initialization of the myJmsBean field again. In this case, an initial value of the @Destination "name" attribute is also provided using JSR-175 metadata:
+<br><br>
+Declarative Instantiation with Properties (Client Code)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+public class PublisherControlImpl extends PublisherControl
+{
+ @Control @Destination(name="InvoiceQueue")
+ public JmsMessageControlBean myJmsBean;
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+This example performs exactly the same initialization as the earlier declarative example, but does so using JSR-175 attribute syntax instead of passing parameters to a factory-based constructor.
+<br><br>
+The Controls architecture includes a mechanism for defining the expected set of annotations that might appear on a Control field. This mechanism is described in greater detail in the section on Properties.
+<br><br>
+<a name="#Programmatic"><b>Programmatic Instantiation</a></b><br>
+The client model for Controls supports instantiation of a new Control instance using the same factory-based model supported by JavaBeans. For example, the following code could be used to create a new instance of the JmsMessageControlBean generated class:
+<br><BR>
+
+Programmatic Instantiation (Client Code)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+JmsMessageControlBean myJmsBean = (JmsMessageControlBean)
+ java.beans.Beans.instantiate(cl, "org.apache.beehive.controls.examples.JmsMessageControlBean");
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+The Control runtime also provides an extended factory model that allows metadata attributes to be passed into the factory constructor:
+<br><Br>
+Programmatic Instantiation with Properties (Client Code)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.Controls;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.properties.PropertyMap;
+
+PropertyMap jmsAttr = new (PropertyMap(JmsMessageControl.Destination.class);
+jmsAttr.setProperty("name", "InvoiceQueue");
+JmsMessageControlBean myJmsBean = (JmsMessageControlBean)
+ Controls.instantiate(cl, "org.apache.beehive.controls.examples.JmsMessageControlBean", jmsAttr);
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+In this example, the JmsMessageControlBean is being constructed with the Destination "name" property set to "InvoiceQueue". The AttributeMap class is a simple helper class that can hold a set of name-value pairs of a Control's properties, which are initialized by the factory-based constructor. More details on Controls properties are provided in a later section.
+<br><Br>
+<h3><a name="#Operations">Operations</a></h3>
+Operations are actions that can be performed by a Control at the client's request. This section describes the authoring model for declaring and implementing a Control operation, as well as the client model for invoking operations on a ControlBean instance.
+<br><Br>
+<b><a name="#DeclaringImplementing">Declaring and Implementing Operations for a Control</b></a><br>
+All methods declared or inherited (via extension) by the Control Public Interface are considered to be Control operations. The following example shows the definition of two operations on the JmsMessageControl that will enqueue messages when invoked:
+<br><br>
+Declaring Operations (Control Public Interface)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.ControlInterface
+
+@ControlInterface
+public interface JmsMessageControl
+{
+ public void sendTextMessage(String text);
+ public void sendObjectMessage(Serializable object);
+
+ …
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+The Control Implementation Class implements the public interface for the Control, defining the operation methods, and the body of these methods.
+<br><Br>
+
+Implementing Operations (Control Implementation Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+public class JmsMessageControlImpl implements JmsMessageControl
+{
+ public void sendTextMessage(String text)
+ {
+ // Code to send a TextMessage to the destination
+ …
+ }
+
+ public void sendObjectMessage(Serializable object)
+ {
+ // Code to send an ObjectMessage to the destination
+ …
+ }
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+Finally, the ControlBean Generated Class will also implement all operations (since it also implements the Control Public Interface). It will always delegate to the implementation class for the actual implementation of the operation; it might also perform additional container-specific pre/post invocation processing.
+<br><br>
+Here is a skeleton of what the generated ControlBean code might look like for an operation:
+<br><Br>
+Implemented Operations (ControlBean Generated Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+public class JmsMessageControlBean implements JmsMessageControl
+{
+ private JmsMessageControlImpl _impl;
+
+ public void sendTextMessage(String text)
+ {
+ …
+ _impl.sendTextMessage(text);
+ …
+ }
+
+ public void sendObjectMessage(Serializable object)
+ {
+ …
+ _impl.sendObjectMessage(object);
+ …
+ }
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#InvokingOperations">Invoking Operations on a Control</b></a><br>
+The client model for invoking an operation on a Control is very straightforward: simply call the method on a held ControlBean instance as demonstrated by the following example:
+<br><Br>
+Invoking an Operation (Client Code)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+ myJmsBean.sendTextMessage("A Text Message");
+ </pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+The invocation model for operations is the same, whether the Control instance was created using declarative or programmatic mechanisms.
+<br><Br>
+<h3><a name="#Events"> Events</a></h3>
+Events are notifications sent by the Control back to its client whenever some condition has been met or internal event has taken place. A client can express interest in a Control's events by registering (either explicitly or implicitly) to receive them, and can write event handler code to be called when the event has taken place.
+<br><br>
+This section describes the declaration model for events, how an authored Control delivers them to a registered client, and the client code necessary to register and receive events.
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#Declaring Events">Declaring Events</b></a><br>
+Events are declared on an inner interface of the Control Public Interface, which is annotated with the org.apache.beehive.controls.api.events.EventSet annotation. The following example shows the declaration of an event interface for the JmsMessageControl, with a single event (onMessage):
+<br><Br>
+Declaring Events (Control Public Interface)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import javax.jms.Message;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.events.EventSet;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.ControlInterface;
+
+@ControlInterface
+public interface JmsMessageControl
+{
+ public void sendTextMessage(String text);
+ public void sendObjectMessage(Serializable object);
+
+ @EventSet
+ public interface Callback
+ {
+ void onMessage(Message m);
+ }
+
+ …
+}
+ </pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+If a Control Public Interface has defined an EventSet interface, then the associated ControlBean Generated Class will have two public methods supporting client listener management:
+<br><BR>
+Event Listener Registration Methods (ControlBean Generated Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import java.util.TooManyListenersException;
+
+public class JmsMessageControIBean implements JmsMessageControl
+{
+ …
+
+ /** Registers a new client listener for this bean instance */
+ public void addCallbackListener(Callback listener) throws TooManyListenersException
+ {
+ …
+ }
+
+ /** Deregisters a client listener for this bean instance */
+ public void removeCallbackListener(Callback listener)
+ {
+ …
+ }
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+The name of the listener registration methods are based upon the name of the associated EventSet interface. In the previous example, the EventSet interface was named Callback, so the associated listener registration method was addCallbackListener(), and the deregistration method was removeCallbackListener().
+<br><Br>
+
+A Control Public Interface can have more than one inner interface that is annotated as an EventSet interface. Each declared EventSet will have its own independently managed list of registered listeners.
+
+<br><Br>
+<b><a name="#Firing Events"> Firing Events</a></b><br>
+This section describes the mechanism available to a Control author to deliver events to any registered client listener. An initialized event proxy is created when the Control Implementation Class declares a field of an EventSet interface type, and annotates it with the org.apache.beehive.controls.events.Client annotation type. The containing ControlBean will initialize this reference to a valid proxy implementing the EventSet interface, and the Control Implementation Class can use this proxy to fire events back to any registered client.
+<br><Br>
+This is demonstrated in the following sample code from the JmsControlBean implementation class, which will fire an onMessage event back to any registered client any time a message is enqueued:
+<br><Br>
+Firing Events (Control Implementation Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.events.Client;
+
+public class JmsMessageControlImpl implements JmsMessageControl
+{
+ @Client Callback client;
+
+ public void sendTextMessage(String text)
+ {
+ // Code to construct and send a TextMessage to the destination
+ TextMessage m = …;
+ …
+ client.onMessage(m);
+ }
+ …
+}
+
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#Listening"> Listening for Events</a></b><br>
+The client of a Control can express an interest in receiving events from a Control and write client event handlers to service them once delivered. Two basic event handling mechanisms are supported: Java event listeners or declarative event handlers (where supported by the client container).
+<br><Br>
+<b><a name="#Declarative">8.3.1 Declarative Implementation of Event Handling</b></a><br>If the client code is implemented in a container that supports the declarative programming model for Controls (such as the Control Implementation Class itself), it can use a simplified convention for authoring event handlers for a declared Control instance.
+<br><Br>
+If a Control is declared using the @Control marker interface, then the user can declare event handlers for the Control by using the EventHandler annotation type. These annotated methods will be considered an event handler for the Control event, and the container will automatically register for events and deliver them to this handler.
+The previous example could be rewritten using the declarative event handling style as:
+<br><Br>
+Declarative Handling of Events (Client Code)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.events.EventHandler
+
+public class PublisherControlImpl extends PublisherControl
+{
+ @Control
+ public JmsMessageControlBean myJmsBean;
+
+ @EventHandler (field="myJmsBean", evenSet= JmsMessageControl.Callback.class,
+ eventName="onMessage")
+ public void myJmsBeanMessageHandler(Message m)
+ {
+ // Code implementing onMessage event handler
+ }
+ …
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#Programmatic Implemantation">Programmatic Implementation of Event Handling</a></b><br>
+The programmatic style follows the tradition Java event listener pattern. The client expresses its interest in receiving the event and also authors a (often anonymous inner) class that implements the event interface to receive events when delivered.
+<br><Br>
+This is shown by the following sample code:<br><br>
+Programmatic Handling of Events (Client Code)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+ myJmsBean.addCallbackListener(
+ new JmsMessageControl.Callback()
+ {
+ public void onMessage(Message m)
+ {
+ // Code implementing on Message event handler
+ }
+ });
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+There is no requirement that an anonymous inner class be used. One alternative would be to delegate to an instance of another class (as long as that class implements the Callback interface). In the preceding example, if event listening was implemented for the purposes of logging sent messages, and MessageLogger class could be declared (implementing the Callback interface), multiple beans could delegate to a single instance of this logging listener.
+<br><br>
+<h3><a name="#Contextual"> Contextual Services</a></h3>
+The Control authoring model makes use of contextual services to provide access to services from the current runtime environment of the ControlBean. The model for contextual services is based upon the existing standards for services in JavaBeans: The JavaBeans Runtime Containment and Services Protocol. This protocol provides a base mechanism for a JavaBean to locate and use services from the runtime environment, as well as an extensible service provider model to enable new (or environment-specific) types of services to be authored and made available to JavaBeans/Controls.
+<br><br>
+A key aspect of this service model is that it can be contextual; for example, it might be possible to write a basic security service interface that provides logical role-checking functionality. The actual implementation of this interface might vary for different runtime contexts: for example, the role check might be done differently for a Control running within the context of an EJB container (by delegating to the containing EJBContext) vs. a Control running within the Web tier (by delegating to ServletHttpRequest services).
+<br><br>
+Having an extensibility and service provider location model is important to enable the following scenarios:
+<ul>
+<li>The Control's implementation is designed to run in a wide variety of environments. It uses the contextual service mechanism to declare its prerequisites and receive a provider implementation that is appropriate to the current runtime context.
+<li> The Control's implementation is designed to run in a very specific context (for example, only in the http servlet tier) and wants access to services that are very specific to that context (for example, session state or request query parameters). It should not be possible to instantiate this Control in other contexts (for example, from within an EJB).
+</ul>
+One key contextual service for Controls that is guaranteed to be available in all contexts is the org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.ControlBeanContext service interface. This service provides a common set of generic services that are available to Control authors, such as the ability to query property values on the current instance, or to receive a set of basic lifecycle or resource management events. The ControlBeanContext interface extends the java.beans.beancontext.BeanContextServices interface, so it also provides access to services provided by the JavaBeans bean context APIs. Later sections describe an overview of the internal architecture for contextual services, APIs to support property resolution, and lifecycle events.
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#Declarative Access">Declarative Access to Contextual Services</a></b><br>
+To signal the desire to access a contextual service, a Control author only needs to declare a field of the desired context interface and annotate it with the org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.Context marker annotation. The following example shows how the JmsMessageControlImpl class would use the declarative model to access its ControlBeanContext:
+<br><Br>
+
+Declarative Access to Context Services (Control Implementation Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.Context;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.ControlBeanContext;
+
+public class JmsMessageControlImpl implements JmsMessageControl
+{
+ @Context ControlBeanContext context;
+
+ public void sendTextMessage(String text)
+ {
+ JmsMessageControl.Destination =
+ context.getControlPropertySet(JmsMessageControl.Destination.class);
+
+ …
+ }
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+In this example, the JmsMessageControl implementation class expresses its desire to access ControlBeanContext services via the annotated declaration of the context field; when code in sendTextMessage operation is invoked, this contextual service has already been initialized by the containing ControlBean instance.
+<br><BR>
+The ControlBeanContext for an authored Control is always accessed using the declarative mechanism. Other contextual services may be accessed declaratively, or using the programmatic mechanisms described in the following section.
+<br><BR>
+<b><a name="#ProgrammaticAccess"> Programmatic Access to Contextual Services</a></b><br>
+The ControlBeanContext service also provides the base mechanism to discover and use other services programmatically. The following code fragment shows an example of how to use this API to obtain access to a service provider that provides the javax.servlet.ServletContext interface.
+<br><BR>
+Programmatic Access to Context Services (Control Implementation Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.Context;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.ControlBeanContext;
+
+public class JmsMessageControlImpl implements JmsMessageControl
+{
+ @Context ControlBeanContext context;
+
+ public void sendTextMessage(String text)
+ {
+ ServletContext servletContext = context.getService(ServletContext.class, null);
+ if (servletContext == null)
+ {
+ // no ServletContext provider is available
+ }
+
+ …
+ }
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+The code in the sample uses the ControlBeanContext.getService API to request that it provide a ServletContext service. The parameters to this method are the Class of the requested service, and an (optional) service-specific selector that can be used to parameterize the service.
+<br><BR>
+
+The ServletContext service is contextual because it is available only to controls running in the web tier. If the above sample control was running anywhere else, the call to ControlBeanContext.getService() would return null.
+<br><Br>
+<B><a name="#Tradeoffs"> Tradeoffs between Declarative and Programmatic Access</a></b><br>
+Declarative access to context services is always available to a Control Implementation Class, and generally results in less code associated with accessing services. Why then, would using programmatic access ever be useful? There is a key difference between the two:
+<ul>
+<li> When using the declarative model for accessing a contextual service, the Control is effectively saying that the service is required for it to function; if not available in a particular runtime environment, then construction of an instance of the Control will fail. Essentially, the annotated context acts as a notification to the runtime factory that this prerequisite must be satisfied.
+<li>Use of the programmatic model allows a Control Implementation Class to implement conditional behavior based upon whether a contextual service is or is not available. The Control Implementation Class can use the programmatic accessor, and then make a decision how to proceed based upon whether the requested service is available.
+</ul>
+<br><BR>
+<h3><a name="#Properties"> Properties</a></h3>
+This section describes Control properties. Properties provide the basic mechanism for parameterizing the behavior of a Control instance.<br><br>
+The Controls architecture takes the basic JavaBeans notion of properties and extends it to support two new capabilities:
+<ul>
+<li> A declarative annotation model where properties can be preconfigured on a ControlBean using JSR-175 annotations
+<li>An administrative model where the value of ControlBean properties can be externally defined or overridden.
+</ul>
+The external configuration and administrative model for Controls will be described in a separate document.
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#Declaring Properties"> Declaring Properties for a Control Type</a></b><br>
+For Controls, the set of properties is explicitly declared on the Control Public Interface. This makes the available parameterization of a Control type readily visible to both code and tools.
+<br><Br>
+Properties are grouped together into related groups called PropertySets. All Properties within a PropertySet will have a common set of attributes (such as where they can be declared, the access model for JavaBean accessors, etc) and will have property names based upon a common naming convention.
+<br><BR>
+A PropertySet is declared as a JSR-175 attribute interface within the Control Public Interface, which is also decorated with the org.apache.beehive.controls.api.properties.PropertySet meta-attribute. Each of the members within a PropertySet will refer to a distinct property within the set, and the return value of the member defines the property type.
+Here is a sample declaration of the Destination PropertySet for the JmsMessageControl, which can be used to configure the target JMS destination for the Control:
+<br><BR>
+Declaring Properties (Control Public Interface)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.ControlInterface
+import org.javacontrols.api.properties.PropertySet;
+import java.lang.annotations.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotations.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotations.Target;
+
+@ControlInterface
+public interface JmsMessageControl
+{
+ …
+
+ public enum DestinationType { QUEUE, TOPIC }
+
+ @PropertySet
+ @Target({FIELD, TYPE})
+ @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+ public @interface Destination
+ {
+ public DestinationType type() default QUEUE;
+ public String name();
+ }
+ …
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+This declaration defines the PropertySet named 'Destination' that includes two properties: 'type' and 'name'. The 'type' property is based upon the DestinationType enumerated type, which is also defined in the public interface. The 'name' attribute is a simple String property.
+<br><BR>
+Meta-attributes on a PropertySet or property declaration can be used to provide additional details about the properties and how they may be used. In the above example, the standard java.lang.annotations.Target annotation is used to define the places where the @Destination property set can appear (in this case in either an extension class or field declaration).
+<br><BR>
+The full set of meta-attributes that can decorate PropertySet or Property declarations are TBD. They can be used to define constraint models for property values, or relationships between properties (such as exclusive or, where one is set or the other, but never both). These meta-attributes can be read and used by development or administrative tools to aid in the selection of property values. They can also be used by the runtime for runtime validation of property values when set dynamically.
+<Br><BR>
+<b><a name="#Accessing Properties"> Accessing Properties from Client Code</b></a><br>
+The properties defined in the Control Public Interface will be exposed to the client programmer using traditional JavaBean setter/getter methods on the ControlBean Generated Class. These methods will follow a simple naming pattern based upon the PropertySet interface name and property member name.
+<br><BR>
+The basic pattern for these accessors is:
+<br><BR>
+Property Accessor Generation (Conventions)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>public void set<PropertySetName><Member Name>(<MemberType>);
+ public <MemberType> get<PropertySetName><MembertName>();
+ </pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+So for the Destination PropertySet interface shown in the example above, the resulting ControlBean Generated Class would expose the following accessors:
+<br><Br>
+Property Accessors (ControlBean Generated Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import java.util.TooManyListenersException;
+
+public class JmsMessageControIBean implements JmsMessageControl
+{
+ …
+ public void setDestinationType(DestinationType type) { … }
+ public DestinationType getDestinationType() { …}
+ public void setDestinationName(String name) { …}
+ public String getDestinationName();
+}
+
+ </pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+If the name of the PropertySet is "Properties", then this PropertySet name will be excluded from the generated accessor names, providing a shorthand format for the simple case of Controls with a single set of Properties.
+Client code to set the Destination properties on a JmsMessageControlBean instance would look like:
+<br><BR>
+Using Property Accessors (Client Code)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+@Control JmsMessageControlBean jmsBean;
+
+ …
+
+ jmsBean.setDestinationType(Destination.QUEUE);
+ jmsBean.setDestinationName("myTargetQueue");
+ </pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#Accessing Properties Control">Accessing Properties from Control Implementation code</a></b><br>
+The Control Implementation class contains code that executes from within the context of the Control JavaBean that is generated to host the control. The generated bean will automatically manage the resolution of properties values from annotations, external configuration, or dynamic values set by the client.
+<br><BR>
+Access to these properties is provided by the ControlBeanContext instance associated with the Control Implementation Class. This interface provides a set of property accessors that allow the implementation to query for property values:
+<BR><BR>
+ControlBeanContext APIs for Property Access
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context;
+
+public interface ControlBeanContext extends java.beans.beancontext.BeanContextServices
+{
+ …
+ public <T extends Annotation> T getControlPropertySet(Class<T> propertySet);
+ public <T extends Annotation> T getMethodPropertySet(Method m, Class<T> propertySet);
+ public <T extends Annotation> T getParameterPropertySet(Method m, index I, Class<T> propertySet);
+ …
+}
+ </pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+The propertySet argument passed to these methods must be a valid PropertySet interface associated with the ControlInterface. The ControlBeanContext will return the current value for properties in the PropertySet, or will return null if no PropertySet value has been associated with this control instance.
+<br><br>
+Here is a simple example of using ControlBeanContext.getControlPropertySet() to query a property set:
+<br><br>
+Acccessing Control Properties (Client Implementation Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.Context;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.ControlBeanContext;
+
+public class JmsMessageControlImpl implements JmsMessageControl
+{
+ @Context ControlBeanContext context;
+
+ …
+
+ @EventHandler(field="context", eventSet=ControlBeanContext.Lifecycle.class, eventName="onAcquire")
+ public void onBeanAcquire()
+ {
+ //
+ // Acquire the property values needed for initialization
+ //
+ Destination destProp =
+ (Destination)context.getControlPropertySet(JmsMessageControl.Destination.class);
+ if (destProp == null)
+ {
+ // No destination property set for the control
+ …
+ }
+ </pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+This code above queries for the value of the JmsMessageControl.Destination PropertySet on the current JmsMessageControl instance.
+<br><BR>
+These query methods will return the value of resolved properties for the Control instance, method, or method argument, respectively. Control implementations should never use JSR-175 metadata accessors directly on Control classes or methods; these accessors won't reflect any property values that have been set dynamically by ControlBean client accessor methods or externally using administrative configuration mechanisms. The ControlBeanContext provides a consistent resolution of source annotation, dynamic, and external values.
+<BR><BR>
+A simple example of using the ControlBeanContext property accessor methods for accessing Method and Parameter properties is provided in the section on Extensibility.
+<BR><BR>
+<b><a name="#External Config">External Configuration of Control Properties</a></b><br>
+Controls also support an administrative model that allows Control property values to be bound using external configuration syntax. The enables Control behavior to be parameterized externally to the code, and using a consistent mechanism that is well-defined and structured to enable tooling.<br><BR>
+The specifics of this administrative model are not covered within this document.
+<h3><a name="#Extensibility"> Extensibility</h3></a>
+The Controls architecture supports an extensibility model that enables the declarations of user-defined operations or events, based upon a predefined set of semantics defined by the author of the Control type. The extensibility mechanism enables the definition of an interface to the resource where operations (or events) have very specific context.
+<br><BR>
+For example, in the JmsMessageControl sample, the extensibility mechanism will be used to raise the level of abstraction: instead of a low-level mechanism to enqueue messages to a topic or queue, the Control enables extensibility where operations can be defined that correspond to enqueuing messages with a very specific format and set of properties, and where message or property content is derived from method parameters. This creates a logical view of the resource (in this case a queue or topic) where the operations available on it have very specific (and constrained) semantics.
+<Br><br>
+For this section, we'll start with the how an extension is defined, look at the authoring model for defining an extensible Control type, and finally show the client view of using an extended type.
+<br><BR>
+<b><a name="#Defining Extended">Defining an Extended Interface for a Control Type</a></b><br>
+An extension to a base Control type that defines a specific resource use case is created by defining a new Control type that derives from the original type and is annotated with the ControlExtension annotation type:
+<br><BR>
+Declaring a Control Extension (Control Extension Interface)
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.ControlExtension;
+
+@ControlExtension
+@Destination(type=JmsMessageControl.QUEUE, name="queue.orders")
+public interface OrderQueue extends JmsMessageControl
+{
+ …
+}
+ </pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+
+This example shows that this interface shows that property values can be configured on the extended interface to further parameterize the use case. In this case, the InvoiceQueue interface is being designed for a very specific use case: to enable orders to be enqueued to a JMS queue named "queue.orders".
+<br><BR>
+Once defined, the Control extension author can now begin to define additional operations on it, in this case the ability to enqueue messages to the OrderQueue by calling methods on it.
+<BR><BR>
+Declaring Extended Operations with Properties (Control Extension Interface)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.ControlExtension;
+
+@ControlExtension
+@Destination(type=JmsMessageControl.QUEUE, name="queue.orders")
+public interface OrderQueue extends JmsMessageControl
+{
+ public class Order implements java.io.Serializable
+ {
+ public Order(int buyer, String list) { buyerID = buyer; itemList list; }
+ int buyerID;
+ String [ ] itemList;
+ }
+
+ @Message (OBJECT)
+ public void submitOrder(
+ @Body Order order,
+ @Property ( name="DeliverBy") String deliverBy);
+}
+ </pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+This interface defines a single operation, submitOrder, that enqueues an ObjectMessage containing a new order. The body of the message will be a single instance of the Order class, and it will have a single StringProperty with the expected delivery date (enabling message selector-based queries for orders that are past due).
+<BR><BR>
+The message format (in this case an ObjectMessage) and the mapping of operation parameters to message content and/or properties are all defined using JSR-175 metadata on the method or its parameters. This format makes it very easy for tools to assist in the creation and presentation of extension interfaces.
+<BR><BR>
+How does the extension author (or tool) know about the set of annotations that can be used on the extension interface? This is the topic of the next section.
+<BR><BR>
+<b><a name="#Defining Extension">Defining Extension Semantics for a Control Type</a></b><br>
+A Control author is responsible for defining the extensibility semantics for a particular type, since ultimately they are responsible for providing the implementation that fulfills the semantics.
+<BR><BR>
+The extension semantics for a Control are part of the public contract for the Control, and thus are defined on the Control Public Interface as well. As with Control properties, these are defined in the form of JSR-175 annotation interfaces, as show in the following sample code from the JmsMessageControl Public Interface:
+<BR><BR>
+Declaring Extension Semantics (Control Public Interface)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import javax.jms.Message;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.ControlInterface;
+
+@ControlInterface
+public interface JmsMessageControl
+{
+ …
+
+ public enum MessageType { BYTES, MAP, OBJECT, STREAM, TEXT }
+
+ @Target({METHOD})
+ @Retention(RUNTIME)
+ public @interface Message
+ {
+ public MessageType value() default TEXT;
+ }
+
+ @Target({PARAMETER}
+ @Retention(RUNTIME)
+ public interface Body {}
+
+ @Target({PARAMETER})
+ @Retention(RUNTIME)
+ public @interface Property
+ {
+ public String name();
+ }
+}
+ </pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+The JmsMessageMessageControl defines three annotation types: Message, Body, and Property. The Message annotation can be placed on the method declaration to indicate the type of JMS message that will be enqueued by the operation. The Body annotation is used to indicate the method parameter that contains the contents of the message (and must have a type that is compatible with the specified MessageType). The Property annotation on a method parameter indicates that the parameter's value should be stored as a property on the enqueue message, with the property name coming from the value of the annotation and the property type derived from the type of the method parameter.
+<BR><BR>
+The key is that the Control Public Interface contains sufficient details about the expected annotations that a tool can support the construction. It also makes it possible for the Control compiler (that converts the extended interface to an associated bean implementation) to perform validation of interface and method annotations.
+<BR><BR>
+More details on how these extension semantics are implemented are described in the next section.
+<BR><BR>
+<b><a name="#Authoring">Authoring an Extensible Control Type</a></b><br>
+The author of a Control type is responsible for providing the code that implements the extension semantics for the Control. Support for extensibility is optional; so a Control author indicates extensibility of a type by declaring that that the Control Implementation Class implements the org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.Extensible interface. This interface has a single method named invoke().
+<BR><BR>
+The skeleton of this code for the JmsMessageControlImpl class is shown below:
+<BR><BR>
+Implementing Extended Operations (Control Implementation Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context/.Context;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.ControlBeanContext;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.Extensible;
+
+public class JmsMessageControlImpl implements JmsMessageControl, Extensible
+{
+ @Context ControlBeanContext context;
+
+ public Object invoke(Method m, Object [] args) throws Throwable
+ {
+ // Extensibility implementation
+ …
+ }
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+The invoke() method on the Control Implementation Class will be called any time an operation defined on an extension interface is called on the Control by its client. The implementation of this method has responsibility for examining the current set of properties for the Control instance, methods, and parameters and using them to parameterize the behavior of the Control.
+<BR><BR>
+This is demonstrated by the code below, which shows a portion of the implementation of invoke() for the JmsMessageControlImpl class:
+<BR><BR>
+Accessing Method Properties Using the Context (Control Implementation)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+Object invoke(Method m, Object [] args) throws Throwable
+{
+ …
+
+ int bodyIndex = 1;
+ for (int i= 0; i< args.length; i++)
+ if (context.getArgumentPropertySet(m, i, JMMessageControl.Body.class) != null)
+ bodyIndex = i;
+
+ //
+ // Create a message of the appropriate type
+ //
+ Message m = null;
+ JMSMessageControl.Message msgProp = context.getMethodPropertySet(m,
+ JMSMessageControl.Message.class);
+ switch(msgProp.value())
+ {
+ case MessageType.OBJECT:
+ m = session.createObjectMessage(args[bodyIndex]);
+ break;
+ …
+ }
+
+ //
+ // Decorate the message with properties defined by any arguments
+ //
+ for (int i= 0; i< args.length; i++)
+ {
+ JMSMessageControl.Property jmsProp =
+ context.getParameterPropertySet(m,i, JmsMessageControl.Property.class);
+ if (jmsgProp != null)
+ {
+ String name = jmsProp.value();
+ if (args[I] instanceof String)
+ m.setStringProperty(name, ((String)args[i]);
+ else if (args[I] instanceof Integer)
+ …
+ else
+ m.setObjectProperty(name, args[I);
+ }
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+In the sample code above, the Control Implementation Class uses the ControlBeanContext API to query properties on the invoked method and its argument. These query methods will return null if the property is not found and no default was defined for the attribute member.
+<BR><BR>
+<b><a name="#Client Model">Client Model for Using an Extended Control Type</a></b><br>
+The client model for using an extended Control type is exactly the same as the model for using a base Control type. The same set of declarative and programmatic instantiation mechanisms (described in the previous section) will be used, and operations or events are handled the same way.<br><BR>
+Below is sample code that uses the OrderQueue extended type (using declarative client model):
+<BR><BR>
+Using a Control Extension (Client Code)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+@Control org.apache.beehive.controls.examples.OrderQueueBean orderBean;
+
+…
+ Order order = new OrderQueue.Order();
+ order.buyerID = myID;
+ order.itemList = new String [] {"item1", "item2"};
+ orderBean.submitOrder(order, "12-31-2004");
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+Looking closely at the example, you'll notice that a derived ControlBean type (OrderQueueBean) is generated by the Control compiler, just as it is for a base Control type.
+<BR><BR>
+The skeleton of this ControlBean Generated Class is shown below:
+<BR><BR>
+Implementation of Extended Operations (ControlBean Generated Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+Package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+public class OrderQueueBean extends JmsMessageControlBean
+ implements OrderQueue
+{
+ JmsMessageControlImpl _impl;
+ …
+ Public void submitOrder(Object order, String deliveryBy)
+ {
+ …
+ _impl.invoke(submitOrderMethod, new Object [] {order, deliveryBy};
+ …
+ }
+
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+There are several attributes worth noting about the extended ControlBean Generated Class:
+<UL>
+<LI> Its implementation will be a subclass of the base type ControlBean, so implementation of base type operations is inherited.
+<li>The extended bean will implement the extended Control interface, meaning all extended operations will be implemented by the bean.
+<li>The implementation of these extended operations will always delegate down to the base Control Implementation Class by calling the Extensible.invoke() method.
+</ul>
+<h3><a name="#Composition"></a></h3>
+The Controls architecture supports a composition model, based upon the JavaBeans Runtime Containment and Services Protocol. This means that it is possible for new types of ControlBeans to be defined that are built through composition of one or more other types.
+<BR><BR>
+<b><a name="#Composition Declarative">Composition Using Declarative Instantiation</b></a><br>
+Additionally, the ControlBeans authoring model makes composition very simple based upon the declarative instantiation model. Within any ControlBean implementation, any @Control fields will automatically be initialized as children of the local bean's context.
+<BR><BR>
+Here's a simple example based upon our previous OrderQueue example. Let's say that we want to create a logical Control that can be used to submit orders. This Control will submit to one of two different queues, depending upon whether the order needs to ship in less than 30 days, or greater than 30 days.
+<BR><BR>
+The implementation of this Control could look like:
+<BR><BR>
+Composition Using Declarative Instantiation (Control Implementation Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+public class OrderRouterImpl
+{
+ @Control @Destination(Name="RushOrders")
+ OrderQueueBean rushOrders;
+
+ @Control @Destination(Name="Orders")
+ OrderQueueBean orders;
+
+ …
+
+ public void submitOrder(Order order, String deliverBy)
+ {
+ if (needsRushDelivery(deliveryBy))
+ rushOrders.submitOrder(order, deliverBy);
+ else
+ orders.submitOrder(order, deliverBy);
+ }
+
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+In this example, the OrderRouterImpl Control itself uses the services of two different OrderQueue Controls referencing two different queues, and uses a helper method (needsRushDelivery) to decide where to enqueue a particular order. The new Control has the same operations exposed as the original Controls; but now uses the services of one or the other of its children to satisfy the request.
+<BR><BR>
+The next section describes doing an equivalent composition using mechanisms to instantiate and build the Control hierarchy.
+<BR><BR>
+<B><a name="#Composition Programmatic"> Composition using Programmatic Mechanisms</a></b><BR>
+Because the ControlBeans architecture is built using the JavaBeans Runtime Containment protocol, which defines a base composition model for JavaBeans, it is also possible to manually instantiate and Controls using the APIs it defines. The ControlBeanContext API extends the java.beans.beancontext.BeanContext API, which provides support for adding children to the current bean's context.
+<BR><BR>
+Here's the previous sample, rewritten to use programmatic composition:
+<BR><BR>
+Composition Using Programmatic Instantiation (Control Implementation Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+public class OrderRouterImpl
+{
+ OrderQueueBean rushOrders; // no @Control annotation, so no auto-init
+ OrderQueueBean orders; // no @Control annotation, so no auto-init
+ @Context ControlBeanContext context;
+ �
+
+ public void context_onCreate()
+ {
+ ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+ rushOrders = (OrderQueueBean)Beans.instantiate(cl, "org.apache.beehive.controls.examples.OrderQueueBean");
+ rushOrders.setDestinationName("RushOrders");
+ context.add(rushOrders);
+ orders = (OrderQueueBean)Beans.instantiate(cl, "org.apache.beehive.controls.examples.OrderQueueBean");
+ orders.setDestinationName("RushOrders");
+ context.add(orders);
+ }
+
+ public void submitOrder(Order order, String deliverBy)
+ {
+ …
+ }
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#Internal Architechture">Internal Architecture for Composition and Services</a></b><br>
+The JavaBeans Runtime Containment and Services Protocol provides the base composition model for Control composition and containment. In this model, JavaBeans are associated with a BeanContext that manages the composition hierarchy and also manages any contextual services requested by the contained beans.
+<BR><BR>
+In the Control architecture, a ControlBean will potentially be related to two different BeanContexts: a parent context that represents the outer container for the bean, and a peer context that provides containment and services to other beans nested within that Control.
+<BR><BR>
+
+These context relationships from the previous sample are shown in the following diagram:
+<BR><BR>
+<img src="images/ControlsProgramming_3.gif">
+<BR><BR>
+In the diagram, the two OrderQueueBean instances created by OrderRouterBean are nested within the ControlBeanContext; while not shown, these two beans would also have a peer ControlBeanContext providing them with contextual services.
+<BR><BR>
+The peer ControlBeanContext provides localized generic services to the associated Control Implementation instance, such as ability to resolve property values from the local bean instance or externalized configuration, and the delivery of lifecycle events. The ControlBean architecture uses a delegation model for service discovery. If an implementation instance requests a service that is not implemented by the peer BeanContext, it will delegate up to the parent context to find a provider for the service.
+<BR><BR>
+At the root of the bean composition hierarchy is an instance of a ContainerBeanContext. This context represents the external runtime environment, within which the ControlBean is running. This might represent an EJB, servlet, web service, Java application, or any ControlBean-capable container. The ContainerBeanContext is responsible for the initialization and provisioning of service providers that are specific to runtime environment with which it is associated.
+<BR><BR>
+Whether ContainerBeanContext or ControlBeanContext, the BeanContext instances also provide the basic hierarchy of composition, as shown by the parent-child relationships above.
+<BR><BR>
+<h3><a name="#Context Events"></h3></a>
+The Control programming model also exposes a basic set of lifecycle events to enable the Control to perform efficient initialization and resource management. These events are delivered by the peer ControlBeanContext associated with a ControlBean instance. A listener can register to receive these events using the addCallbackListener API on ControlBeanContext; the actual Callback event interface itself is defined there as well:
+<BR><BR>
+Context Life Cycle Events
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context;
+
+public interface ControlBeanContext extends java.beans.beancontext.BeanContextServices
+{
+ …
+ public interface Callback extends java.util.EventListener
+ {
+ public void onCreate();
+ public void onAcquire();
+ public void onRelease();
+ }
+
+ public void addCallbackListener(Callback lifecycleListener);
+ public void removeCallbackListener(Callback lifecycleListener);
+}
+
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+The specific life cycle events are described in the following section:
+<b><a name="#Life Cycle">Life Cycle Events</a></b><br>
+The ControlBeanContext life cycle events provide notification to the associated ControlBean derived class and Control Implementation Class (and potentially other interested listeners) of significant events related to the peer bean instance.
+<BR><BR>
+<a name="#onCreate"><b> The onCreate Event</b></a><br>
+The onCreate event is delivered when the Control Implementation instance associated with the ControlBean has been constructed and all declarative initialization has been completed. This provides an opportunity for the implementation instance to perform any additional initialization required; implementation instances should generally use the onCreate event instead of writing constructor code.
+<BR><BR>
+<a name="#onAcquire"><b>The onAcquire Event</b></a><br>
+The onAcquire event is delivered to a registered listener the first time a ControlBean operation is invoked within a particular resource context. It provides an opportunity for the Control Implementation instance (or other related entities, such as a contextual service provider) to acquire any short-term resources (connections, sessions, etc) needed by the ControlBean.
+<BR><BR>
+The onAcquire event is guaranteed to be delivered once (and only once) prior to invocation of any operation within a resource context; it is also guaranteed that a paired onRelease event will be delivered when the resource context ends.
+<BR><BR>
+For more details on resource management, refer to the Control Architectural Overview document.
+<BR><BR>
+<b><a name="#onRelease">The onRelease Event</a></b><br>
+The onRelease event is the companion event to onAcquire. It is guaranteed to be called once (and only once) on any bean instance that has received an onAcquire event, when its associated resource context has ended. It acts as the signal that any short-term resources (connections, sessions, etc) acquired by the Control should be released.
+<BR><BR>
+<b><a name="#Receiving Life"> Receiving Life Cycle Events</b></a><br>
+For a Control Implementation Class, the model for receiving context life cycle events is consistent with the general client model for event registration and delivery. Both declarative and programmatic mechanisms are supported.
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#Declarative Life">Declarative Access to Life Cycle Events</a></b><br>
+A Control Implementation Class can receive Life Cycle Events simply by declaring the annotated @Context ControlBeanContext and then defining event handlers that follow the <contextFieldName>_<eventName> convention.
+<br><Br>
+The following sample code shows the JmsMessageControl registering to receive onAcquire and onRelease events:
+<br><BR>
+Declarative Handling of Life Cycle Events (Control Implementation Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+
+
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.Context;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.ControlBeanContext;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.events.EventHandler;
+
+Public class JmsMessageControlImpl implements JmsMessageControl
+{
+ @Context ControlBeanContext context;
+
+ @EventHandler(field="context", eventName="onAcquire")
+ public void onAcquire()
+ {
+ // Code to acquire JMS connection/session/destination/writers
+ …
+ }
+
+ @EventHandler(field="context", eventName="onRelease")
+ public void onRelease()
+ {
+ // Code to release JMS connection/session/destination/writer
+ …
+ }
+}
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+When using the declarative mechanism, a Control Implementation Class is free to implement only a subset of the life cycle listeners; it is not necessary that it provide a handler for all events.
+<br><BR>
+<b><a name="#Programmatic Life"> Programmatic Access to Life Cycle Events</a></b><br>
+An external entity (such as contextual service provider or even a client) is also able to register for life cycle events on a ControlBean instance as well. This is done by obtaining a reference to the peer ControlBeanContext for the instance using the getPeerContext API, and then using the addCallbackListener API to register a lifecycle event listener.
+<br><br>
+This is shown by the following code:
+<br><BR>
+Programmatic Handling of Life Cycle Events (Control Implementation Class)
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+ JmsMessageControlBean myJmsBean = …;
+
+ ControlBeanContext peerContext = myBean.getPeerContext();
+ PeerContext.addCallbackListener(
+ new ControlBeanContext.Callback()
+ {
+ public void onCreate() { �. };
+ public void onAcquire() { � };
+ public void onRelease() { � };
+ });
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#JavaBean">JavaBean Context Events</b></a><br>
+The org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.ControlBeanContext API extends the following standard JavaBean context APIs:
+<ul>
+<li> java.beans.BeanContextChild
+<li>java.beans.BeanContext
+<li>java.beans.BeanContextServices
+</ul>
+These APIs provide access to a standard set of JavaBean events that the Control Implementation Class can register an interest in.
+[Issue: there is not a declarative mechanism for receiving these events, but probably should be.]
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#PropertyChange">PropertyChange Events</a></b><br>
+The java.beans.BeanContextChild interface provides the addPropertyChangeListener() and addVetoableChangeListener() APIs to register for notification when a property is modified.
+<br><br>
+<b><a name="#Membership">Membership Events</a></b><br>
+The java.beans.BeanContext interface provides the addMembershipChangeListener() API to register for notification whenever a child is added or removed from the BeanContext.
+<br><BR>
+<B><a name="#Context Services">Context Services Events</a></b><br>
+The java.beans.BeanContextServices interface provides the addBeanContextServicesListener API to register for notification when new contextual services become available or are revoked.
+<BR><BR>
+<h3><a name="#AppendixA">Appendix A: The JmsMessageControl Public Interface</a></h3>
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.lang.annotation.*;
+import javax.jms.*;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.ControlInterface;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.events.EventSet;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.properties.PropertySet;
+
+/**
+ * The JmsMessageControl defines a basic Control to enable messages to be enqueued to a JMS
+ * queue or topic. Using Control properties, you can configure the connection, session, and
+ * destination attributes that should be used to connect to the JMS provider. The Control
+ * will transparently connect to the JMS provider and obtain any necessary resources to
+ * enqueue the messages. The Control will also sure that the resources are properly released
+ * at the end of the current resource scope associated with the Control's runtime environment.
+ *
+ * The Control provides a basic set of operations that allow a simple text or object message to
+ * be written to the configured destination. It also provides an extensibility mechanism
+ * that allows new operations to be defined by extending this interface. Extended operations
+ * define the enqueueing of message with a specific type (TextMessage, ObjectMessage, ...)
+ * where operation parameters can be mapped to message properties or content.
+ */
+@ControlInterface
+public interface JmsMessageControl
+{
+ // OPERATIONS
+
+ /**
+ * Sends a simple TextMessage to the Control's destination
+ * @param text the contents of the TextMessage
+ */
+ public void sendTextMessage(String text);
+
+ /**
+ * Sends a simple ObjectMessage to the Control's destination
+ * @param object the object to use as the contents of the message
+ */
+ public void sendObjectMessage(java.io.Serializable object);
+ // EVENTS
+
+ /**
+ * The Callback interface defines the events for the JmsMessageControl.
+ */
+ @EventSet
+ public interface Callback
+ {
+ /**
+ * The onSend event is delivered to a registered client listener whenever a
+ * a message has been sent by the Control.
+ * @param msg the message that was sent
+ */
+ public void onMessage(javax.jms.Message msg);
+ }
+
+ // PROPERTIES
+
+ /**
+ * The Connection property defines the attributes of the connection and session used
+ * to enqueue the message. This annotation can appear on both class and Control
+ * field declarations.
+ */
+ @PropertySet
+ @Target({FIELD, TYPE})
+ public @interface Connection
+ {
+ public String factoryName();
+ public boolean transacted() default true;
+ public int acknowledgeMode() default Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE;
+ }
+
+ /** An enumeration that defines the value set of destination types */
+ public enum DestinationType { QUEUE, TOPIC }
+
+ /**
+ * The Destination property defines the attributes of the JMS destination that should
+ * be the target of any enqueued messages.
+ */
+ @PropertySet
+ @Target({FIELD, TYPE})
+ public @interface Destination
+ {
+ public DestinationType type() default QUEUE;
+ public String name();
+ }
+ // EXTENSIBILITY ATTRIBUTES
+
+ /**
+ * The set of supported message types for extended operations
+ */
+ public enum MessageType { TEXT, OBJECT, BYTES }
+
+ /**
+ * The Message attribute can be placed on an extended operation to describe the format of the
+ * message that should be enqueued when the operation is invoked. The method is expected to
+ * have a least parameter annotated with the Body attribute, and zero or more parameters with
+ * the Property attribute defining message properties.
+ */
+ @Target({METHOD})
+ public @interface Message
+ {
+ public MessageType value() default TEXT;
+ }
+
+ /** The Body attribute indicates that the associated method parameter on an extended operation
+ * contains the message body.
+ */
+ @Target({PARAMETER}
+ public interface Body {}
+
+ /**
+ * The Property attribute can be used to define operation parameters that should be used to
+ * set properties on the message. The type of property to set will be inferred based upon
+ * the type of the parameter.
+ */
+ @Target({PARAMETER})
+ public @interface Property
+ {
+ public String name();
+ }
+}
+
+</pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+<h3><a name="#AppendixB">Appendix B: The JmsMessageControl Implementation Class</a></h3>
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%">
+<tr><td bgcolor="#cccccc">
+<br>
+<pre>
+package org.apache.beehive.controls.examples;
+
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.ControlImplementation;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.bean.Extensible;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.context.ControlBeanContext;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.events.Client;
+import org.apache.beehive.controls.api.events.EventHandler;
+
+import javax.naming.InitialContext;
+import javax.naming.NamingException;
+import javax.jms.QueueConnectionFactory
+import javax.jms.QueueConnection;
+import javax.jms.QueueSession;
+import javax.jms.QueueSender;
+import javax.jms.TopicConnectionFactory
+import javax.jms.TopicConnection;
+import javax.jms.TopicSession;
+import javax.jms.TopicPublisher;
+import javax.jms.Message;
+
+/**
+ * The JmsMessageControlImpl class is the Control Implementation Class for the JmsMessageControl.
+ * It implements two basic operations (sendTextMessage and sendObjectMessage) as well as an
+ * extensibility model that enables custom message formats to be defined and associated with
+ * extended method signatures.
+ */
+@ControlImplementation
+public class JmsMessageControlImpl implements JmsMessageControl, Extensible
+{
+ /**
+ * The peer BeanContext instance associated with the Control
+ */
+ @Context ControlBeanContext context;
+
+ /**
+ * The client callback event router for this Control
+ */
+ @Client Callback client;
+
+ /**
+ * The fields are used to hold transient JMS resources that are acquired and held for
+ * the resource scope associated with the Control
+ */
+ transient javax.jms.Connection _connection;
+ transient javax.jms.Session _session;
+ transient javax.jms.MessageProduction _producer;
+ /*
+ * The onAcquire event handler
+ * This method will be called prior to any operation with a given resource scope. It is
+ * responsible for obtaining the connection, session, destination, and appropriate
+ * writer instance, for use within the operation.
+ */
+ @EventHandler(field="context", eventSet=ControlBeanContext.Lifecycle.class, eventName="onAcquire")
+ public void onBeanAcquire()
+ {
+ //
+ // Acquire the property values needed for initialization
+ //
+ Destination destProp = (Destination)context.getControlPropertySet(Destination.class);
+ Connection connProp = (Connection)context.getControlPropertySet(Connection.class);
+
+ try
+ {
+ //
+ // Obtain the JMS Destination instance based upon the Destination property
+ //
+ InitialContext jndiContext = new InitialContext();
+ _dest = (javax.jms.Destination)initContext.lookup(destProp.name());
+
+ //
+ // Obtain Connection, Session, and MessageProducer resources based upon the
+ // destination type and the values in the Connection PropertySet
+ //
+ if (destProp.type() = JmsControl.QUEUE)
+ {
+ javax.jms.QueueConnectionFactory connFactory =
+ (QueueConnectionFactory)jndiContext.lookup(connProp.factoryName());
+ _connection = connFactory.createQueueConnection();
+ _session = (QueueConnection)_connection).createQueueConnection(
+ connProp.transacted(),
+ connProp.acknowledgeMode());
+ _producer = (QueueSession)_session).createSender((Queue)_dest);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ javax.jms.TopicConnectionFactory connFactory =
+ (TopicConnectionFactory)jndiContext.lookup(connProp.factoryName());
+ _connection = connFactory.createTopicConnection();
+ _session = ((TopicConnection)_connection).createTopicConnection(
+ connProp.transacted(),
+ connProp.acknowledgeMode());
+ _producer = ((TopicSession)_session).createPublisher((Topic)_dest);
+
+ }
+ }
+ catch (javax.naming.NamingException ne)
+ {
+ throw new ControlException("Unable to locate JNDI object", ne);
+ }
+ catch (ClassCastException ce)
+ {
+ throw new ControlException("JNDI object did not match expected type", ce);
+ }
+ catch (JMSException jmse)
+ {
+ throw new ControlException("Unable to acquire JMS resources", jmse);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * The onRelease event handler for the associated context
+ * This method will release all resource acquired by onAcquire.
+ */
+ @EventHandler (field="context", eventSet=ControlBeanContext.Lifecycle.class , eventName="onRelease")
+ public void onRelease()
+ {
+ try
+ {
+ if (_producer != null)
+ {
+ _producer.close();
+ _producer = null;
+ }
+ if (_session != null)
+ {
+ _session.close();
+ _session = null;
+ }
+ if (_connection != null)
+ {
+ _connection.close();
+ _connection = null;
+ }
+ }
+ catch (JMSException jmse)
+ {
+ throw new ControlException("Unable to release JMS resource", jmse);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Helper method used to send a message once constructed
+ */
+ private void sendMessage(Message msg) throws JMSException
+ {
+ client.onMessage(msg);
+ if (_producer instanceof java.jms.QueueSender)
+ ((QueueSender)_producer).send(msg);
+ else
+ ((TopicPublisher)_producer).publish(msg);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Sends a simple TextMessage to the Control's destination
+ * @param text the contents of the TextMessage
+ */
+ public void sendTextMessage(String text) throws JMSException
+ {
+ javax.jms.TextMessage msg = _session.createTextMessage(text);
+ sendMessage(msg);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Sends a simple ObjectMessage to the Control's destination
+ * @param object the object to use as the contents of the message
+ */
+ public void sendObjectMessage(java.io.Serializable object)
+ {
+ javax.jms.ObjectMessage msg = _session.createObjectMessage(object);
+ sendMessage(msg);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Implements the Extensible.invoke() interface for this Control
+ * This method uses the Message property to determine the type of message to construct,
+ * and then uses the Body and Property attributes of method parameters to supply message
+ * content and properties.
+ */
+ public Object invoke(Method m, Object [] args) throws Throwable
+ {
+ int bodyIndex = -1;
+ for (int i= 0; i< args.length; i++)
+ {
+ if (context.getParametertPropertySet(m, I, JmsMessageControl.Body.class) != null)
+ {
+ bodyIndex = i;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ if (bodyIndex == -1)
+ throw new ControlException("No @Body argument defined for operation: " + m.getName());
+
+ //
+ // Create a message based upon the value of the Message property of the method
+ //
+ javax.jms.Message msg = null;
+ Message msgProp = context.getMethodPropertySet(m.JmsMessageControl.Message.class);
+ try
+ {
+ switch(msgProp.value())
+ {
+ case MessageType.TEXT:
+ msg = session.createTextMessage((String)args[bodyIndex]);
+ break;
+
+ case MessageType.OBJECT:
+ msg = session.createObjectMessage(args[bodyIndex]);
+ break;
+ case MessageType.BYTES:
+ msg = session.createBytesMessage()
+ msg.writeBytes((byte []) args[bodyIndex]);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ catch (ClassCastException)
+ {
+ throw new ControlException("Invalid type for Body parameter", cce);
+ }
+
+ //
+ // Now decorate the message with any Property-annotated parameters
+ //
+ for (int i= 0; i< args.length; i++)
+ {
+ JMSMessageControl.Property prop =
+ context.getParameterPropertySet(m, i,.JmsMessageControl.Property.class);
+ if (prop != null)
+ {
+ String propName = prop.name();
+ if (args[i] instanceof String)
+ msg.setStringProperty((String)args[i]);
+ else if (args[i] instanceof Integer)
+ msg.setStringProperty(((Integer)args[i])intValue());
+ else if (args[i] instanceof Short)
+ msg.setStringProperty(((Short)args[i]).shortValue());
+ else if (args[i] instanceof Boolean)
+ msg.setBooleanProperty(((Boolean)args[i]).booleanValue());
+ else if (args[i] instanceof Float)
+ msg.setFloatProperty(((Float)args[i]).floatValue());
+ else if (args[i] instanceof Double)
+ msg.setDoubleProperty(((Double)args[i]).doubleValue());
+ else
+ msg.setObjectProperty(args[i]);
+ }
+ }
+
+ //
+ // Send it
+ //
+ sendMessage(msg);
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+ </pre>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+</body>