You are viewing a plain text version of this content. The canonical link for it is here.
Posted to commits@cloudstack.apache.org by ke...@apache.org on 2013/10/02 16:23:50 UTC
[49/51] [partial] Adding documents from 4.2
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cloudstack-docs/blob/b23872a5/en-US/Release_Notes.xml
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/en-US/Release_Notes.xml b/en-US/Release_Notes.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9c645f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/en-US/Release_Notes.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,4600 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?>
+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % BOOK_ENTITIES SYSTEM "cloudstack.ent">
+%BOOK_ENTITIES;
+]>
+<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
+distributed with this work for additional information
+regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
+to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+specific language governing permissions and limitations
+under the License.
+-->
+<book>
+ <xi:include href="Book_Info_Release_Notes_4.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
+ <xi:include href="Preface.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
+ <chapter id="welcome-4.2">
+ <title>Welcome to &PRODUCT; 4.2</title>
+ <para>Welcome to the 4.2.0 release of &PRODUCT;, the second major release from the Apache
+ CloudStack project since its graduation from the Apache Incubator. &PRODUCT; 4.2 includes more
+ than 70 new features and enhancements. The focus of the release is on three major
+ areas:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Improved support for both legacy-style and cloud-style workloads</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>New third-party plug-in architecture</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Networking enhancements</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>In addition to these major new areas of functionality, &PRODUCT; 4.2 provides many
+ additional enhancements in a variety of product areas. All of the new features are summarized
+ later in this Release Note.</para>
+ <para>This document contains information specific to this release of &PRODUCT;, including
+ upgrade instructions from prior releases, new features added to &PRODUCT;, API changes, and
+ issues fixed in the release. For installation instructions, please see the <ulink
+ url="http://cloudstack.apache.org/docs/en-US/Apache_CloudStack/4.2.0/html/Installation_Guide/index.html"
+ >Installation Guide</ulink>. For usage and administration instructions, please see the
+ <ulink
+ url="http://cloudstack.apache.org/docs/en-US/Apache_CloudStack/4.2.0/html/Admin_Guide/index.html"
+ >&PRODUCT; Administrator's Guide</ulink>. Developers and users who wish to work with the API
+ will find instruction in the <ulink
+ url="http://cloudstack.apache.org/docs/en-US/Apache_CloudStack/4.0.1-incubating/html/API_Developers_Guide/index.html"
+ >&PRODUCT; API Developer's Guide</ulink></para>
+ <para>If you find any errors or problems in this guide, please see <xref linkend="feedback"/>.
+ We hope you enjoy working with &PRODUCT;!</para>
+ </chapter>
+ <chapter id="version-4.2">
+ <title>What's New in 4.2.0</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; 4.2 includes the following new features.</para>
+ <section id="workloads">
+ <title>Features to Support Heterogeneous Workloads</title>
+ <para>The following new features help &PRODUCT; 4.2 better support both legacy and cloud-era
+ style zones.</para>
+ <section id="regions">
+ <title>Regions</title>
+ <para>To increase reliability of the cloud, you can optionally group resources into
+ geographic regions. A region is the largest available organizational unit within a cloud
+ deployment. A region is made up of several availability zones, where each zone is
+ equivalent to a datacenter. Each region is controlled by its own cluster of Management
+ Servers, running in one of the zones. The zones in a region are typically located in close
+ geographical proximity. Regions are a useful technique for providing fault tolerance and
+ disaster recovery.</para>
+ <para>By grouping zones into regions, the cloud can achieve higher availability and
+ scalability. User accounts can span regions, so that users can deploy VMs in multiple,
+ widely-dispersed regions. Even if one of the regions becomes unavailable, the services are
+ still available to the end-user through VMs deployed in another region. And by grouping
+ communities of zones under their own nearby Management Servers, the latency of
+ communications within the cloud is reduced compared to managing widely-dispersed zones
+ from a single central Management Server.</para>
+ <para>Usage records can also be consolidated and tracked at the region level, creating
+ reports or invoices for each geographic region.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="object-store">
+ <title>Object Storage Plugin Architecture</title>
+ <para>Artifacts such as templates, ISOs and snapshots are kept in storage which &PRODUCT;
+ refers to as secondary storage. To improve scalability and performance, as when a number
+ of hosts access secondary storage concurrently, object storage can be used for secondary
+ storage. Object storage can also provide built-in high availability capability. When using
+ object storage, access to secondary storage data can be made available across multiple
+ zones in a region. This is a huge benefit, as it is no longer necessary to copy templates,
+ snapshots etc. across zones as would be needed in an NFS-only environment.</para>
+ <para>Object storage is provided through third-party software such as Amazon Simple Storage
+ Service (S3) or any other object storage that supports the S3 interface. These third party
+ object storages can be integrated with &PRODUCT; by writing plugin software that uses the
+ object storage plugin capability introduced in &PRODUCT; 4.2. Several new pluggable
+ service interfaces are available so that different storage providers can develop
+ vendor-specific plugins based on the well-defined contracts that can be seamlessly managed
+ by &PRODUCT;.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="zone-wide-primary-storage">
+ <title>Zone-Wide Primary Storage</title>
+ <para>(Supported on KVM and VMware)</para>
+ <para>In &PRODUCT; 4.2, you can provision primary storage on a per-zone basis. Data volumes
+ in the primary storage can be attached to any VM on any host in the zone.</para>
+ <para>In previous &PRODUCT; versions, each cluster had its own primary storage. Data in the
+ primary storage was directly available only to VMs within that cluster. If a VM in a
+ different cluster needed some of the data, it must be copied from one cluster to another,
+ using the zone's secondary storage as an intermediate step. This operation was
+ unnecessarily time-consuming.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="vmware-datacenter">
+ <title>VMware Datacenter Now Visible As a &PRODUCT; Zone</title>
+ <para>In order to support zone-wide functions for VMware, changes have been made so that
+ &PRODUCT; is now aware of VMware Datacenters and can map each Datacenter to a &PRODUCT;
+ zone. Previously, &PRODUCT; was only aware of VMware Clusters, a smaller organizational
+ unit than Datacenters. This implies that a single &PRODUCT; zone could possibly contain
+ clusters from different VMware Datacenters. In order for zone-wide functions, such as
+ zone-wide primary storage, to work for VMware hosts, &PRODUCT; has to make sure that a
+ zone contains only a single VMware Datacenter. Therefore, when you are creating a new
+ &PRODUCT; zone, you will now be able to select a VMware Datacenter for the zone. If you
+ are provisioning multiple VMware Datacenters, each one will be set up as a single zone in
+ &PRODUCT;. </para>
+ <note>
+ <para>If you are upgrading from a previous &PRODUCT; version, and your existing deployment
+ contains a zone with clusters from multiple VMware Datacenters, that zone will not be
+ forcibly migrated to the new model. It will continue to function as before. However, any
+ new zone-wide operations, such as zone-wide primary storage, will not be available in
+ that zone.</para>
+ </note>
+ <para/>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="third-party-plugin">
+ <title>Third-Party UI Plugin Framework</title>
+ <para>Using the new third-party plugin framework, you can write and install extensions to
+ &PRODUCT;. The installed and enabled plugins will appear in the UI.</para>
+ <para>The basic procedure for adding a UI plugin is explained in the Developer Guide. In
+ summary, the plugin developer creates the plugin code itself (in Javascript), a thumbnail
+ image, the plugin listing, and a CSS file. The &PRODUCT; administrator adds the folder
+ containing the plugin code under the &PRODUCT; PLUGINS folder and adds the plugin name to a
+ configuration file (plugins.js).</para>
+ <para>The next time the user refreshes the UI in the browser, the plugin will appear under the
+ Plugins button in the left navigation bar.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="networking">
+ <title>Networking Enhancements</title>
+ <para>The following new features provide additional networking functionality in &PRODUCT;
+ 4.2.</para>
+ <section id="ipv6">
+ <title>IPv6 </title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; 4.2 introduces initial support for IPv6. This feature is provided as a
+ technical preview only. Full support is planned for a future release.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="portable-ip">
+ <title>Portable IPs</title>
+ <para>Portable IPs in &PRODUCT; are elastic IPs that can be transferred across
+ geographically separated zones. As an administrator, you can provision a pool of portable
+ IPs at region level and are available for user consumption. The users can acquire portable
+ IPs if admin has provisioned portable public IPs at the region level they are part of.
+ These IPs can be used for any service within an advanced zone. You can also use portable
+ IPs for EIP service in Basic zones. Additionally, a portable IP can be transferred from
+ one network to another network.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ntier-apps">
+ <title>N-Tier Applications</title>
+ <para>In &PRODUCT; 3.0.6, a functionality was added to allow users to create a multi-tier
+ application connected to a single instance of a Virtual Router that supports inter-VLAN
+ routing. Such a multi-tier application is called a virtual private cloud (VPC). Users were
+ also able to connect their multi-tier applications to a private Gateway or a Site-to-Site
+ VPN tunnel and route certain traffic to those gateways. For &PRODUCT; 4.2, additional
+ features are implemented to enhance VPC applications.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="kvm-vpc"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="add-loadbalancer-rule-vpc"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="current-lb-vpc"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="across-tiers-lb"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="ns-support"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="configure-acl"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="acl-private-gateway"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="allow-acl"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="acl-deny"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="add-vm-tier-sharednw"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="add-gateway-vpc"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="sourcenat-private-gateway"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="eightvpn"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="static-route"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="blacklist-route"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <section id="kvm-vpc">
+ <title>Support for KVM</title>
+ <para>VPC is now supported on KVM hypervisors.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="add-loadbalancer-rule-vpc">
+ <title>Load Balancing Support for VPC</title>
+ <para>In a VPC, you can configure two types of load balancing—external LB and
+ internal LB. External LB is nothing but a LB rule created to redirect the traffic
+ received at a public IP of the VPC virtual router. The traffic is load balanced within a
+ tier based on your configuration. Citrix NetScaler and VPC virtual router are supported
+ for external LB. When you use internal LB service, traffic received at a tier is load
+ balanced across different VMs within that tier. For example, traffic reached at Web tier
+ is redirected to another VM in that tier. External load balancing devices are not
+ supported for internal LB. The service is provided by a internal LB VM configured on the
+ target tier.</para>
+ <section id="current-lb-vpc">
+ <title>Load Balancing Within a Tier (External LB)</title>
+ <para>A &PRODUCT; user or administrator may create load balancing rules that balance
+ traffic received at a public IP to one or more VMs that belong to a network tier that
+ provides load balancing service in a VPC. A user creates a rule, specifies an
+ algorithm, and assigns the rule to a set of VMs within a tier.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="across-tiers-lb">
+ <title>Load Balancing Across Tiers</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; supports sharing workload across different tiers within your VPC. Assume
+ that multiple tiers are set up in your environment, such as Web tier and Application
+ tier. Traffic to each tier is balanced on the VPC virtual router on the public side.
+ If you want the traffic coming from the Web tier to the Application tier to be
+ balanced, use the internal load balancing feature offered by &PRODUCT;.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ns-support">
+ <title>Netscaler Support for VPC</title>
+ <para>Citrix NetScaler is supported for external LB. Certified version for this feature
+ is NetScaler 10.0 Build 74.4006.e.</para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="configure-acl">
+ <title>Enhanced Access Control List</title>
+ <para>Network Access Control List (ACL) on the VPC virtual router is enhanced. The network
+ ACLs can be created for the tiers only if the NetworkACL service is supported. In
+ &PRODUCT; terminology, Network ACL is a group of Network ACL items. Network ACL items
+ are nothing but numbered rules that are evaluated in order, starting with the lowest
+ numbered rule. These rules determine whether traffic is allowed in or out of any tier
+ associated with the network ACL. You need to add the Network ACL items to the Network
+ ACL, then associate the Network ACL with a tier. Network ACL is associated with a VPC
+ and can be assigned to multiple VPC tiers within a VPC. A Tier is associated with a
+ Network ACL at all the times. Each tier can be associated with only one ACL.</para>
+ <para>The default Network ACL is used when no ACL is associated. Default behavior is all
+ incoming traffic to guest networks is blocked and all outgoing traffic from guest
+ networks is allowed. Default network ACL cannot be removed or modified.</para>
+ <section id="acl-private-gateway">
+ <title>ACL on Private Gateway</title>
+ <para>The traffic on the VPC private gateway is controlled by creating both ingress and
+ egress network ACL rules. The ACLs contains both allow and deny rules. As per the
+ rule, all the ingress traffic to the private gateway interface and all the egress
+ traffic out from the private gateway interface are blocked. You can change this
+ default behaviour while creating a private gateway.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="allow-acl">
+ <title>Allow ACL on All Level 4 Protocols</title>
+ <para>In addition to the existing protocol support for ICMP, TCP, UDP, support for All
+ Level 4 protocols is added. The protocol numbers from 0 to 255 are supported.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="acl-deny">
+ <title>Support for ACL Deny Rules</title>
+ <para>In addition to the existing support for ACL Allow rules, support for ACL Deny
+ rules has been added in &PRODUCT; 4.2. As part of this, two operations are supported:
+ Number and Action. You can configure a rule, allow or deny, by using action. Use
+ Number to add a rule number.</para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="add-vm-tier-sharednw">
+ <title>Deploying VMs to a VPC Tier and Shared Networks</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; allows you to deploy VMs on a VPC tier and one or more shared networks.
+ With this feature, the VMs deployed in a multi-tier application can receive services
+ offered by a service provider over the shared network. One example of such a service is
+ monitoring service.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="add-gateway-vpc">
+ <title>Adding a Private Gateway to a VPC</title>
+ <para>A private gateway can be added by the root admin only. The VPC private network has
+ 1:1 relationship with the NIC of the physical network. You can configure multiple
+ private gateways to a single VPC. No gateways with duplicated VLAN and IP are allowed in
+ the same data center.</para>
+ <section id="sourcenat-private-gateway">
+ <title>Source NAT on Private Gateway</title>
+ <para>You might want to deploy multiple VPCs with the same super CIDR and guest tier
+ CIDR. Therefore, multiple guest VMs from different VPCs can have the same IPs to reach
+ a enterprise data center through the private gateway. In such cases, a NAT service
+ need to be configured on the private gateway. If Source NAT is enabled, the guest VMs
+ in VPC reaches the enterprise network via private gateway IP address by using the NAT
+ service. </para>
+ <para>The Source NAT service on a private gateway can be enabled while adding the
+ private gateway. On deletion of a private gateway, source NAT rules specific to the
+ private gateway are deleted.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="eightvpn">
+ <title>VPN Gateways</title>
+ <para>Support up to 8 VPN Gateways is added.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="static-route">
+ <title>Creating a Static Route</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; enables you to specify routing for the VPN connection you create. You
+ can enter one or CIDR addresses to indicate which traffic is to be routed back to the
+ gateway.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="blacklist-route">
+ <title>Blacklisting Routes</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; enables you to block a list of routes so that they are not assigned to
+ any of the VPC private gateways. Specify the list of routes that you want to blacklist
+ in the <code>blacklisted.routes</code> global parameter. Note that the parameter
+ update affects only new static route creations. If you block an existing static route,
+ it remains intact and continue functioning. You cannot add a static route if the route
+ is blacklisted for the zone. </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="vlan-assign-isolated-nw">
+ <title>Assigning VLANs to Isolated Networks</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; provides you the ability to control VLAN assignment to Isolated networks.
+ You can assign a VLAN ID when a network is created, just the way it's done for Shared
+ networks.</para>
+ <para>The former behaviour also is supported — VLAN is randomly allocated to a network
+ from the VNET range of the physical network when the network turns to Implemented state.
+ The VLAN is released back to the VNET pool when the network shuts down as a part of the
+ Network Garbage Collection. The VLAN can be re-used either by the same network when it is
+ implemented again, or by any other network. On each subsequent implementation of a
+ network, a new VLAN can be assigned.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>You cannot change a VLAN once it's assigned to the network. The VLAN remains with
+ the network for its entire life cycle.</para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ <section id="persistent-network">
+ <title>Persistent Networks</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; 4.2 supports Persistent Networks. The network that you can provision without
+ having to deploy any VMs on it is called a Persistent Network. A Persistent Network can be
+ part of a VPC or a non-VPC environment. With the addition of this feature, you will have
+ the ability to create a network in &PRODUCT; in which physical devices can be deployed
+ without having to run any VMs. Additionally, you can deploy physical devices on that
+ network. Another advantages is that you can create a VPC with a tier that consists only
+ physical devices. For example, you might create a VPC for a three-tier application, deploy
+ VMs for Web and Application tier, and use physical machines for the Database tier. Another
+ use case is that if you are providing services by using physical hardware, you can define
+ the network as persistent and therefore even if all its VMs are destroyed the services
+ will not be discontinued.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="vnmc-cisco">
+ <title>Cisco VNMC Support</title>
+ <para>Cisco Virtual Network Management Center (VNMC) provides centralized multi-device and
+ policy management for Cisco Network Virtual Services. When Cisco VNMC is integrated with
+ ASA 1000v Cloud Firewall and Cisco Nexus 1000v dvSwitch in &PRODUCT; you will be able to: </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Configure Cisco ASA 1000v Firewalls</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Create and apply security profiles that contain ACL policy sets for both ingress
+ and egress traffic, and NAT policy sets</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; supports Cisco VNMC on Cisco Nexus 1000v dvSwich-enabled VMware
+ hypervisors.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="vmware-vswitch">
+ <title>VMware vNetwork Distributed vSwitch</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; supports VMware vSphere Distributed Switch (VDS) for virtual network
+ configuration in a VMware vSphere environment. Each vCenter server instance can support up
+ to 128 VDSs and each VDS can manage up to 500 VMware hosts. &PRODUCT; supports configuring
+ virtual networks in a deployment with a mix of Virtual Distributed Switch, Standard
+ Virtual Switch and Nexus 1000v Virtual Switch. </para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="reserved-ip-addresses-non-csvms">
+ <title>IP Reservation in Isolated Guest Networks</title>
+ <para>In Isolated guest networks in &PRODUCT; 4.2, a part of the guest IP address space can
+ be reserved for non-&PRODUCT; VMs or physical servers. To do so, you configure a range of
+ Reserved IP addresses by specifying the CIDR when a guest network is in Implemented state.
+ The advantage of having this feature is that if your customers wish to have non-&PRODUCT;
+ controlled VMs or physical servers on the same network, they can use a part of the IP
+ address space that is primarily provided to the guest network. When IP reservation is
+ configured, the administrator can add additional VMs or physical servers that are not part
+ of &PRODUCT; to the same network and assign them the Reserved IP addresses. &PRODUCT;
+ guest VMs cannot acquire IPs from the Reserved IP Range.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ip-vlan-tenant">
+ <title>Dedicated Resources: Public IP Addresses and VLANs Per Account</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; provides you the ability to reserve a set of public IP addresses and VLANs
+ exclusively for an account. During zone creation, you can continue to define a set of
+ VLANs and multiple public IP ranges. This feature extends the functionality to enable you
+ to dedicate a fixed set of VLANs and guest IP addresses for a tenant.</para>
+ <para>This feature provides you the following capabilities:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reserve a VLAN range and public IP address range from an Advanced zone and assign
+ it to an account</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Disassociate a VLAN and public IP address range from an account</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <note>
+ <para>Ensure that you check whether the required range is available and conforms to
+ account limits. The maximum IPs per account limit cannot be superseded.</para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ <section id="egress-firewall">
+ <title>Enhanced Juniper SRX Support for Egress Firewall Rules</title>
+ <para>Egress firewall rules were previously supported on virtual routers, and now they are
+ also supported on Juniper SRX external networking devices.</para>
+ <para>Egress traffic originates from a private network to a public network, such as the
+ Internet. By default, the egress traffic is blocked, so no outgoing traffic is allowed
+ from a guest network to the Internet. However, you can control the egress traffic in an
+ Advanced zone by creating egress firewall rules. When an egress firewall rule is applied,
+ the traffic specific to the rule is allowed and the remaining traffic is blocked. When all
+ the firewall rules are removed the default policy, Block, is applied.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>Egress firewall rules are not supported on Shared networks. They are supported only
+ on Isolated guest networks.</para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ <section id="default-egress-policy">
+ <title>Configuring the Default Egress Policy</title>
+ <para>The default egress policy for Isolated guest network can be configured by using
+ Network offering. Use the create network offering option to determine whether the default
+ policy should be block or allow all the traffic to the public network from a guest
+ network. Use this network offering to create the network. If no policy is specified, by
+ default all the traffic is allowed from the guest network that you create by using this
+ network offering.</para>
+ <para>You have two options: Allow and Deny.</para>
+ <para>If you select Allow for a network offering, by default egress traffic is allowed.
+ However, when an egress rule is configured for a guest network, rules are applied to block
+ the specified traffic and rest are allowed. If no egress rules are configured for the
+ network, egress traffic is accepted. If you select Deny for a network offering, by default
+ egress traffic for the guest network is blocked. However, when an egress rules is
+ configured for a guest network, rules are applied to allow the specified traffic. While
+ implementing a guest network, &PRODUCT; adds the firewall egress rule specific to the
+ default egress policy for the guest network.</para>
+ <para>This feature is supported only on virtual router and Juniper SRX.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="non-contiguous-vlan">
+ <title>Non-Contiguous VLAN Ranges</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; provides you with the flexibility to add non contiguous VLAN ranges to your
+ network. The administrator can either update an existing VLAN range or add multiple non
+ contiguous VLAN ranges while creating a zone. You can also use the UpdatephysicalNetwork
+ API to extend the VLAN range.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="pvlan">
+ <title>Isolation in Advanced Zone Using Private VLAN</title>
+ <para>Isolation of guest traffic in shared networks can be achieved by using Private VLANs
+ (PVLAN). PVLANs provide Layer 2 isolation between ports within the same VLAN. In a
+ PVLAN-enabled shared network, a user VM cannot reach other user VM though they can reach
+ the DHCP server and gateway, this would in turn allow users to control traffic within a
+ network and help them deploy multiple applications without communication between
+ application as well as prevent communication with other users’ VMs.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Isolate VMs in a shared networks by using Private VLANs.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Supported on KVM, XenServer, and VMware hypervisors.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>PVLAN-enabled shared network can be a part of multiple networks of a guest VM.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>For further reading:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><ulink
+ url="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3750/software/release/12.2_25_see/configuration/guide/swpvlan.html#wp1038379"
+ >Understanding Private VLANs</ulink></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5517">Cisco Systems' Private VLANs:
+ Scalable Security in a Multi-Client Environment</ulink></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><ulink url="http://kb.vmware.com">Private VLAN (PVLAN) on vNetwork Distributed
+ Switch - Concept Overview (1010691)</ulink></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ <section id="multiple-ip-nic">
+ <title>Configuring Multiple IP Addresses on a Single NIC</title>
+ <para>(Supported on XenServer, KVM, and VMware hypervisors)</para>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; now provides you the ability to associate multiple private IP addresses per
+ guest VM NIC. This feature is supported on all the network configurations—Basic,
+ Advanced, and VPC. Security Groups, Static NAT and Port forwarding services are supported
+ on these additional IPs. In addition to the primary IP, you can assign additional IPs to
+ the guest VM NIC. Up to 256 IP addresses are allowed per NIC.</para>
+ <para>As always, you can specify an IP from the guest subnet; if not specified, an IP is
+ automatically picked up from the guest VM subnet. You can view the IPs associated with for
+ each guest VM NICs on the UI. You can apply NAT on these additional guest IPs by using
+ firewall configuration in the &PRODUCT; UI. You must specify the NIC to which the IP
+ should be associated.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="multiple-ip-range">
+ <title>Adding Multiple IP Ranges</title>
+ <para>(Supported on KVM, xenServer, and VMware hypervisors)</para>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; 4.2 provides you with the flexibility to add guest IP ranges from different
+ subnets in Basic zones and security groups-enabled Advanced zones. For security
+ groups-enabled Advanced zones, it implies multiple subnets can be added to the same VLAN.
+ With the addition of this feature, you will be able to add IP address ranges from the same
+ subnet or from a different one when IP address are exhausted. This would in turn allows
+ you to employ higher number of subnets and thus reduce the address management
+ overhead.</para>
+ <para>Ensure that you manually configure the gateway of the new subnet before adding the IP
+ range. Note that &PRODUCT; supports only one gateway for a subnet; overlapping subnets are
+ not currently supported.</para>
+ <para>You can also delete IP ranges. This operation fails if an IP from the remove range is
+ in use. If the remove range contains the IP address on which the DHCP server is running,
+ &PRODUCT; acquires a new IP from the same subnet. If no IP is available in the subnet, the
+ remove operation fails.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>The feature can only be implemented on IPv4 addresses.</para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ <section id="add-remove-network-vm">
+ <title>Support for Multiple Networks in VMs</title>
+ <para>(Supported on XenServer, VMware and KVM hypervisors)</para>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; 4.2 provides you the ability to add and remove multiple networks to a VM.
+ You can remove a network from a VM and add a new network. You can also change the default
+ network of a VM. With this functionality, hybrid or traditional server loads can be
+ accommodated with ease. </para>
+ <para>For adding or removing a NIC to work on VMware, ensure that vm-tools are running on
+ guest VMs.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="gslb">
+ <title>Global Server Load Balancing</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; 4.2 supports Global Server Load Balancing (GSLB) functionalities to provide
+ business continuity by load balancing traffic to an instance on active zones only in case
+ of zone failures . &PRODUCT; achieve this by extending its functionality of integrating
+ with NetScaler Application Delivery Controller (ADC), which also provides various GSLB
+ capabilities, such as disaster recovery and load balancing. The DNS redirection technique
+ is used to achieve GSLB in &PRODUCT;. In order to support this functionality, region level
+ services and service provider are introduced. A new service 'GSLB' is introduced as a
+ region level service. The GSLB service provider is introduced that will provider the GSLB
+ service. Currently, NetScaler is the supported GSLB provider in &PRODUCT;. GSLB
+ functionality works in an Active-Active data center environment. </para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="lb-on-shared-vlan">
+ <title>Enhanced Load Balancing Services Using External Provider on Shared VLANs</title>
+ <para>Network services like Firewall, Load Balancing, and NAT are now supported in shared
+ networks created in an advanced zone. In effect, the following network services shall be
+ made available to a VM in a shared network: Source NAT, Static NAT, Port Forwarding,
+ Firewall and Load balancing. Subset of these service can be chosen while creating a
+ network offering for shared networks. Services available in a shared network is defined by
+ the network offering and the service chosen in the network offering. For example, if
+ network offering for a shared network has source NAT service enabled, a public IP shall be
+ provisioned and source NAT is configured on the firewall device to provide public access
+ to the VMs on the shared network. Static NAT, Port Forwarding, Load Balancing, and
+ Firewall services shall be available only on the acquired public IPs associated with a
+ shared network.</para>
+ <para>Additionally, Netscaler and Juniper SRX firewall device can be configured inline or
+ side-by-side mode.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="health-check">
+ <title>Health Checks for Load Balanced Instances</title>
+ <note>
+ <para>This feature is supported only on NetScaler version 10.0 and beyond.</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>(NetScaler load balancer only) A load balancer rule distributes requests among a pool
+ of services (a service in this context means an application running on a virtual machine).
+ When creating a load balancer rule, you can specify a health check which will ensure that
+ the rule forwards requests only to services that are healthy (running and available). When
+ a health check is in effect, the load balancer will stop forwarding requests to any
+ resources that it has found to be unhealthy. If the resource later becomes available
+ again, the periodic health check (periodicity is configurable) will discover it and the
+ resource will once again be made available to the load balancer.</para>
+ <para>To configure how often the health check is performed by default, use the global
+ configuration setting healthcheck.update.interval. This default applies to all the health
+ check policies in the cloud. You can override this value for an individual health check
+ policy.</para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="host-and-vm-enhancements">
+ <title>Host and Virtual Machine Enhancements</title>
+ <para>The following new features expand the ways you can use hosts and virtual
+ machines.</para>
+ <section id="vmware-drs">
+ <title>VMware DRS Support</title>
+ <para>The VMware vSphere Distributed Resources Scheduler (DRS) is supported.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="windows-8">
+ <title>Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 as VM Guest OS</title>
+ <para>(Supported on XenServer, VMware, and KVM)</para>
+ <para>Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 can now be used as OS types on guest virtual
+ machines. The OS would be made available the same as any other, by uploading an ISO or a
+ template. The instructions for uploading ISOs and templates are given in the
+ Administrator's Guide. </para>
+ <note>
+ <para><emphasis role="bold">Limitation:</emphasis> When used with VMware hosts, this
+ feature works only for the following versions: vSphere ESXi 5.1 and ESXi 5.0 Patch
+ 4.</para>
+ </note>
+ <para/>
+ </section>
+ <section id="change-account">
+ <title>Change Account Ownership of Virtual Machines</title>
+ <para>A root administrator can now change the ownership of any virtual machine from one
+ account to any other account. A domain or sub-domain administrator can do the same for VMs
+ within the domain from one account to any other account in the domain.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="dedicated-resources">
+ <title>Private Pod, Cluster, or Host</title>
+ <para>Dedicating pod, cluster or host to a specific domain/account means that the
+ domain/account will have sole access to the dedicated pod, cluster or hosts such that
+ scalability, security and manageability within a domain/account can be improved. The
+ resources which belong to that tenant will be placed into that dedicated pod, cluster or
+ host.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="resize-volume">
+ <title>Resizing Volumes</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; provides the ability to resize data disks; &PRODUCT; controls volume size by
+ using disk offerings. This provides &PRODUCT; administrators with the flexibility to
+ choose how much space they want to make available to the end users. Volumes within the
+ disk offerings with the same storage tag can be resized. For example, if you only want to
+ offer 10, 50, and 100 GB offerings, the allowed resize should stay within those limits.
+ That implies if you define a 10 GB, a 50 GB and a 100 GB disk offerings, a user can
+ upgrade from 10 GB to 50 GB, or 50 GB to 100 GB. If you create a custom-sized disk
+ offering, then you have the option to resize the volume by specifying a new, larger size.
+ Additionally, using the resizeVolume API, a data volume can be moved from a static disk
+ offering to a custom disk offering with the size specified. This functionality allows
+ those who might be billing by certain volume sizes or disk offerings to stick to that
+ model, while providing the flexibility to migrate to whatever custom size necessary. This
+ feature is supported on KVM, XenServer, and VMware hosts. However, shrinking volumes is
+ not supported on VMware hosts</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="volume-snapshot-enhancement">
+ <title>VMware Volume Snapshot Improved Performance</title>
+ <para>When you take a snapshot of a data volume on VMware, &PRODUCT; will now use a more
+ efficient storage technique to improve performance.</para>
+ <para>Previously, every snapshot was immediately exported from vCenter to a mounted NFS
+ share and packaged into an OVA file format. This operation consumed time and resources.
+ Starting from 4.2, the original file formats (e.g., VMDK) provided by vCenter will be
+ retained. An OVA file will only be created as needed, on demand.</para>
+ <para>The new process applies only to newly created snapshots after upgrade to &PRODUCT;
+ 4.2. Snapshots that have already been taken and stored in OVA format will continue to
+ exist in that format, and will continue to work as expected.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="storage-migration">
+ <title>Storage Migration: XenMotion and vMotion</title>
+ <para>(Supported on XenServer and VMware)</para>
+ <para>Storage migration allows VMs to be moved from one host to another, where the VMs are
+ not located on storage shared between the two hosts. It provides the option to live
+ migrate a VM’s disks along with the VM itself. It is now possible to migrate a VM from one
+ XenServer resource pool / VMware cluster to another, or to migrate a VM whose disks are on
+ local storage, or even to migrate a VM’s disks from one storage repository to another, all
+ while the VM is running.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="vmware-configure-linked-clones">
+ <title>Configuring Usage of Linked Clones on VMware</title>
+ <para>(For ESX hypervisor in conjunction with vCenter)</para>
+ <para>In &PRODUCT; 4.2, the creation of VMs as full clones is allowed. In previous versions,
+ only linked clones were possible.</para>
+ <para>For a full description of clone types, refer to VMware documentation. In summary: A
+ full clone is a copy of an existing virtual machine which, once created, does not depend
+ in any way on the original virtual machine. A linked clone is also a copy of an existing
+ virtual machine, but it has ongoing dependency on the original. A linked clone shares the
+ virtual disk of the original VM, and retains access to all files that were present at the
+ time the clone was created.</para>
+ <para>A new global configuration setting has been added, vmware.create.full.clone. When the
+ administrator sets this to true, end users can create guest VMs only as full clones. The
+ default value is true for new installations. For customers upgrading from a previous
+ version of &PRODUCT;, the default value of vmware.create.full.clone is false.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="host-deployment-rules">
+ <title>VM Deployment Rules</title>
+ <para>Rules can be set up to ensure that particular VMs are not placed on the same physical
+ host. These "anti-affinity rules" can increase the reliability of applications by ensuring
+ that the failure of a single host can not take down the entire group of VMs supporting a
+ given application. See Affinity Groups in the &PRODUCT; 4.2 Administration Guide.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="cpu-ram-dynamic-scaling">
+ <title>CPU and Memory Scaling for Running VMs</title>
+ <para>(Supported on VMware and XenServer)</para>
+ <para>You can now change the CPU and RAM values for a running virtual machine. In previous
+ versions of &PRODUCT;, this could only be done on a stopped VM.</para>
+ <para>It is not always possible to accurately predict the CPU and RAM requirements when you
+ first deploy a VM. You might need to increase or decrease these resources at any time
+ during the life of a VM. With the new ability to dynamically modify CPU and RAM levels,
+ you can change these resources for a running VM without incurring any downtime.</para>
+ <para>Dynamic CPU and RAM scaling can be used in the following cases:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>New VMs that are created after the installation of &PRODUCT; 4.2. If you are
+ upgrading from a previous version of &PRODUCT;, your existing VMs created with
+ previous versions will not have the dynamic scaling capability.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>User VMs on hosts running VMware and XenServer.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>System VMs on VMware.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>VM Tools or XenServer Tools must be installed on the virtual machine.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The new requested CPU and RAM values must be within the constraints allowed by the
+ hypervisor and the VM operating system.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>To configure this feature, use the following new global configuration
+ variables:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>enable.dynamic.scale.vm: Set to True to enable the feature. By default, the
+ feature is turned off.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>scale.retry: How many times to attempt the scaling operation. Default = 2.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ <section id="cpu-ram-overcommit">
+ <title>CPU and Memory Over-Provisioning</title>
+ <para>(Supported for XenServer, KVM, and VMware)</para>
+ <para>In &PRODUCT; 4.2, CPU and memory (RAM) over-provisioning factors can be set for each
+ cluster to change the number of VMs that can run on each host in the cluster. This helps
+ optimize the use of resources. By increasing the over-provisioning ratio, more resource
+ capacity will be used. If the ratio is set to 1, no over-provisioning is done.</para>
+ <para>In previous releases, &PRODUCT; did not perform memory over-provisioning. It performed
+ CPU over-provisioning based on a ratio configured by the administrator in the global
+ configuration setting cpu.overprovisioning.factor. Starting in 4.2, the administrator can
+ specify a memory over-provisioning ratio, and can specify both CPU and memory
+ over-provisioning ratios on a per-cluster basis, rather than only on a global
+ basis.</para>
+ <para>In any given cloud, the optimum number of VMs for each host is affected by such things
+ as the hypervisor, storage, and hardware configuration. These may be different for each
+ cluster in the same cloud. A single global over-provisioning setting could not provide the
+ best utilization for all the different clusters in the cloud. It had to be set for the
+ lowest common denominator. The new per-cluster setting provides a finer granularity for
+ better utilization of resources, no matter where the &PRODUCT; placement algorithm decides
+ to place a VM.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="baremetal">
+ <title>Kickstart Installation for Bare Metal Provisioning</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; 4.2 supports the kick start installation method for RPM-based Linux
+ operating systems on baremetal hosts in basic zones. Users can provision a baremetal host
+ managed by &PRODUCT; as long as they have the kick start file and corresponding OS
+ installation ISO ready.</para>
+ <para>Tested on CentOS 5.5, CentOS 6.2, CentOS 6.3, Ubuntu 12.04.</para>
+ <para>For more information, see the Baremetal Installation Guide.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="baremetal-ucs">
+ <title>Enhanced Bare Metal Support on Cisco UCS</title>
+ <para>You can now more easily provision new Cisco UCS server blades into &PRODUCT; for use
+ as bare metal hosts. The goal is to enable easy expansion of the cloud by leveraging the
+ programmability of the UCS converged infrastructure and &PRODUCT;’s knowledge of the cloud
+ architecture and ability to orchestrate. With this new feature, &PRODUCT; can
+ automatically understand the UCS environment, server profiles, etc. to make it easy to
+ deploy a bare metal OS on a Cisco UCS.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="update-vm-image">
+ <title>Changing a VM's Base Image</title>
+ <para>Every VM is created from a base image, which is a template or ISO which has been
+ created and stored in &PRODUCT;. Both cloud administrators and end users can create and
+ modify templates, ISOs, and VMs.</para>
+ <para>In &PRODUCT; 4.2, there is a new way to modify an existing VM. You can change an
+ existing VM from one base image to another. For example, suppose there is a template based
+ on a particular operating system, and the OS vendor releases a software patch. The
+ administrator or user naturally wants to apply the patch and then make sure existing VMs
+ start using it. Whether a software update is involved or not, it's also possible to simply
+ switch a VM from its current template to any other desired template.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="reset-vm-reboot">
+ <title>Reset VM on Reboot</title>
+ <para>In &PRODUCT; 4.2, you can specify that you want to discard the root disk and create a
+ new one whenever a given VM is rebooted. This is useful for secure environments that need
+ a fresh start on every boot and for desktops that should not retain state. The IP address
+ of the VM will not change due to this operation.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="vm-snapshots">
+ <title>Virtual Machine Snapshots for VMware</title>
+ <para>(VMware hosts only) In addition to the existing &PRODUCT; ability to snapshot
+ individual VM volumes, you can now take a VM snapshot to preserve all the VM's data
+ volumes as well as (optionally) its CPU/memory state. This is useful for quick restore of
+ a VM. For example, you can snapshot a VM, then make changes such as software upgrades. If
+ anything goes wrong, simply restore the VM to its previous state using the previously
+ saved VM snapshot. </para>
+ <para>The snapshot is created using the VMware native snapshot facility. The VM snapshot
+ includes not only the data volumes, but optionally also whether the VM is running or
+ turned off (CPU state) and the memory contents. The snapshot is stored in &PRODUCT;'s
+ primary storage.</para>
+ <para>VM snapshots can have a parent/child relationship. Each successive snapshot of the
+ same VM is the child of the snapshot that came before it. Each time you take an additional
+ snapshot of the same VM, it saves only the differences between the current state of the VM
+ and the state stored in the most recent previous snapshot. The previous snapshot becomes a
+ parent, and the new snapshot is its child. It is possible to create a long chain of these
+ parent/child snapshots, which amount to a "redo" record leading from the current state of
+ the VM back to the original.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="vm-userdata">
+ <title>Increased Userdata Size When Deploying a VM</title>
+ <para>You can now specify up to 32KB of userdata when deploying a virtual machine through
+ the &PRODUCT; UI or the deployVirtualMachine API call. </para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="vmware-cluster-limit">
+ <title>Set VMware Cluster Size Limit Depending on VMware Version</title>
+ <para>The maximum number of hosts in a vSphere cluster is determined by the VMware
+ hypervisor software. For VMware versions 4.2, 4.1, 5.0, and 5.1, the limit is 32
+ hosts.</para>
+ <para>For &PRODUCT; 4.2, the global configuration setting vmware.percluster.host.max has
+ been removed. The maximum number of hosts in a VMware cluster is now determined by the
+ underlying hypervisor software.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>Best Practice: It is advisable for VMware clusters in &PRODUCT; to be smaller than
+ the VMware hypervisor's maximum size. A cluster size of up to 8 hosts has been found
+ optimal for most real-world situations.</para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ <section id="limit-accounts-domains-rn">
+ <title>Limiting Resource Usage</title>
+ <para>Previously in &PRODUCT;, resource usage limit was imposed based on the resource count,
+ that is, restrict a user or domain on the basis of the number of VMs, volumes, or
+ snapshots used. In &PRODUCT; 4.2, a new set of resource types has been added to the
+ existing pool of resources (VMs, Volumes, and Snapshots) to support the customization
+ model—need-basis usage, such as large VM or small VM. The new resource types are now
+ broadly classified as CPU, RAM, Primary storage, and Secondary storage. &PRODUCT; 4.2
+ allows the root administrator to impose resource usage limit by the following resource
+ types for Domain, Project and Accounts. </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>CPUs</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Memory (RAM)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Primary Storage (Volumes)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Secondary Storage (Snapshots, Templates, ISOs)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="ops">
+ <title>Monitoring, Maintenance, and Operations Enhancements</title>
+ <section id="delete-alerts">
+ <title>Deleting and Archiving Events and Alerts</title>
+ <para>In addition to viewing a list of events and alerts in the UI, the administrator can
+ now delete and archive them. In order to support deleting and archiving alerts, the
+ following global parameters have been added:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis role="bold">alert.purge.delay</emphasis>: The alerts older than
+ specified number of days are purged. Set the value to 0 to never purge alerts
+ automatically.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis role="bold">alert.purge.interval</emphasis>: The interval in seconds to
+ wait before running the alert purge thread. The default is 86400 seconds (one
+ day).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <note>
+ <para>Archived alerts or events cannot be viewed in the UI, or by using the API. They are
+ maintained in the database for auditing or compliance purposes.</para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ <section id="global-parameters">
+ <title>Increased Granularity for Configuration Parameters</title>
+ <para>Some configuration parameters which were previously available only at the global level
+ of the cloud can now be set for smaller components of the cloud, such as at the zone
+ level. To set these parameters, look for the new Settings tab in the UI. You will find it
+ on the detail page for an account, cluster, zone, or primary storage.</para>
+ <para>The account level parameters are: <code>remote.access.vpn.client.iprange</code>,
+ <code>allow.public.user.templates</code>, <code>use.system.public.ips</code>, and
+ <code>use.system.guest.vlans</code></para>
+ <para>The cluster level parameters are
+ <code>cluster.storage.allocated.capacity.notificationthreshold</code>,
+ <code>cluster.storage.capacity.notificationthreshold</code>,
+ <code>cluster.cpu.allocated.capacity.notificationthreshold</code>,
+ <code>cluster.memory.allocated.capacity.notificationthreshold</code>, <code>
+ cluster.cpu.allocated.capacity.disablethreshold</code>,
+ <code>cluster.memory.allocated.capacity.disablethreshold</code>,
+ <code>cpu.overprovisioning.factor</code>, <code>mem.overprovisioning.factor</code>,
+ <code>vmware.reserve.cpu</code>, and <code>vmware.reserve.mem</code>.</para>
+ <para>The zone level parameters are
+ <code>pool.storage.allocated.capacity.disablethreshold</code>,
+ <code>pool.storage.capacity.disablethreshold</code>,
+ <code>storage.overprovisioning.factor</code>, <code>network.throttling.rate</code>,
+ <code>guest.domain.suffix</code>, <code>router.template.xen</code>,
+ <code>router.template.kvm</code>, <code>router.template.vmware</code>,
+ <code>router.template.hyperv</code>, <code>router.template.lx</code>c,
+ <code>enable.dynamic.scale.vm</code>, <code>use.external.dns</code>, and
+ <code>blacklisted.routes</code>.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="api-request-throttling">
+ <title>API Request Throttling</title>
+ <para>In &PRODUCT; 4.2, you can limit the rate at which API requests can be placed for each
+ account. This is useful to avoid malicious attacks on the Management Server, prevent
+ performance degradation, and provide fairness to all accounts.</para>
+ <para>If the number of API calls exceeds the threshold, an error message is returned for any
+ additional API calls. The caller will have to retry these API calls at another
+ time.</para>
+ <para>To control the API request throttling, use the following new global configuration
+ settings:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>api.throttling.enabled - Enable/Disable API throttling. By default, this setting
+ is false, so API throttling is not enabled.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>api.throttling.interval (in seconds) - Time interval during which the number of
+ API requests is to be counted. When the interval has passed, the API count is reset to
+ 0.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>api.throttling.max - Maximum number of APIs that can be placed within the
+ api.throttling.interval period.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>api.throttling.cachesize - Cache size for storing API counters. Use a value higher
+ than the total number of accounts managed by the cloud. One cache entry is needed for
+ each account, to store the running API total for that account within the current time
+ window.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+ <section id="external-alert-managers">
+ <title>Sending Alerts to External SNMP and Syslog Managers</title>
+ <para>In addition to showing administrator alerts on the Dashboard in the &PRODUCT; UI and
+ sending them in email, &PRODUCT; now can also send the same alerts to external SNMP or
+ Syslog management software. This is useful if you prefer to use an SNMP or Syslog manager
+ to monitor your cloud.</para>
+ <para>The supported protocol is SNMP version 2.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="default-pwd-engine">
+ <title>Changing the Default Password Encryption</title>
+ <para>Passwords are encoded when creating or updating users. The new default preferred
+ encoder, replacing MD5, is SHA256. It is more secure than MD5 hashing. If you take no
+ action to customize password encryption and authentication, SHA256 Salt will be
+ used.</para>
+ <para>If you prefer a different authentication mechanism, &PRODUCT; 4.2 provides a way for
+ you to determine the default encoding and authentication mechanism for admin and user
+ logins. Two new configurable lists have been introduced: userPasswordEncoders and
+ userAuthenticators. userPasswordEncoders allow you to configure the order of preference
+ for encoding passwords, and userAuthenticator allows you to configure the order in which
+ authentication schemes are invoked to validate user passwords.</para>
+ <para>The plain text user authenticator has been modified not to convert supplied passwords
+ to their md5 sums before checking them with the database entries. It performs a simple
+ string comparison between retrieved and supplied login passwords instead of comparing the
+ retrieved md5 hash of the stored password against the supplied md5 hash of the password,
+ because clients no longer hash the password.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="cloud-bugtool">
+ <title>Log Collection Utility cloud-bugtool</title>
+ <para>&PRODUCT; provides a command-line utility called cloud-bugtool to make it easier to
+ collect the logs and other diagnostic data required for troubleshooting. This is
+ especially useful when interacting with Citrix Technical Support.</para>
+ <para>You can use cloud-bugtool to collect the following:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Basic system and environment information and network configuration including IP
+ addresses, routing, and name resolver settings </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Information about running processes</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Management Server logs</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>System logs in /var/log/</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Dump of the cloud database</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <warning>
+ <para>cloud-bugtool collects information which might be considered sensitive and
+ confidential. Using the <code>--nodb</code> option to avoid the cloud database can
+ reduce this concern, though it is not guaranteed to exclude all sensitive data.</para>
+ </warning>
+ <para/>
+ </section>
+ <section id="rbd-primary-storage">
+ <title>Snaphotting, Backups, Cloning and System VMs for RBD Primary Storage</title>
+ <note>
+ <para>These new RBD features require at least librbd 0.61.7 (Cuttlefish) and libvirt
+ 0.9.14 on the KVM hypervisors.</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>This release of &PRODUCT; will leverage the features of RBD format 2. This allows
+ snapshotting and backing up those snapshots.</para>
+ <para>Backups of snapshots to Secondary Storage are full copies of the RBD snapshot, they
+ are not RBD diffs. This because when restoring a backup of a snapshot it is not mandatory
+ that this backup is deployed on RBD again, it could also be a NFS Primary Storage.</para>
+ <para>Another key feature of RBD format 2 is cloning. With this release templates will be
+ copied to Primary Storage once and by using the cloning mechanism new disks will be cloned
+ from this parent template. This saves space and decreases deployment time for instances
+ dramatically.</para>
+ <para>Before this release, a NFS Primary Storage was still required for running the System
+ VMs from. The reason was a so called 'patch disk' that was generated by the hypervisor
+ which contained metadata for the System VM. The scripts generating this disk didn't
+ support RBD and thus System VMs had to be deployed from NFS. With 4.2 instead of the patch
+ disk a VirtIO serial console is used to pass meta information to System VMs. This enabled
+ the deployment of System VMs on RBD Primary Storage.</para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="issues-fixed-4.2">
+ <title>Issues Fixed in 4.2.0</title>
+ <para>Apache CloudStack uses <ulink url="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CLOUDSTACK"
+ >Jira</ulink> to track its issues. All new features and bugs for 4.2.0 have been tracked
+ in Jira, and have a standard naming convention of "CLOUDSTACK-NNNN" where "NNNN" is the
+ issue number.</para>
+ <para>For the list of issues fixed, see <ulink
+ url="https://issues.apache.org/jira/issues/?filter=12324870">Issues Fixed in
+ 4.2</ulink>.</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="known-issues-4.2">
+ <title>Known Issues in 4.2.0</title>
+ <para>This section includes a summary of known issues that were fixed in 4.2.0. For the list
+ of known issues, see <ulink url="https://issues.apache.org/jira/issues/?filter=12324873"
+ >Known Issues</ulink>.</para>
+ </section>
+ </chapter>
+ <chapter id="upgrade-instructions">
+ <title>Upgrade Instructions for 4.2</title>
+ <para>This section contains upgrade instructions from prior versions of CloudStack to Apache
+ CloudStack 4.2.0. We include instructions on upgrading to Apache CloudStack from pre-Apache
+ versions of Citrix &PRODUCT; (last version prior to Apache is 3.0.2) and from the releases
+ made while CloudStack was in the Apache Incubator.</para>
+ <para>If you run into any issues during upgrades, please feel free to ask questions on
+ users@cloudstack.apache.org or dev@cloudstack.apache.org.</para>
+ <section id="upgrade-from-4.0-to-4.1">
+ <title>Upgrade from 4.1.x to 4.2.0</title>
+ <para>This section will guide you from &PRODUCT; 4.1.x versions to &PRODUCT; 4.2.0.</para>
+ <para>Any steps that are hypervisor-specific will be called out with a note.</para>
+ <para>We recommend reading through this section once or twice before beginning your upgrade
+ procedure, and working through it on a test system before working on a production
+ system.</para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Most users of &PRODUCT; manage the installation and upgrades of &PRODUCT; with one
+ of Linux's predominant package systems, RPM or APT. This guide assumes you'll be using
+ RPM and Yum (for Red Hat Enterprise Linux or CentOS), or APT and Debian packages (for
+ Ubuntu).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Create RPM or Debian packages (as appropriate) and a repository from the 4.2.0
+ source, or check the Apache CloudStack downloads page at <ulink
+ url="http://cloudstack.apache.org/downloads.html"
+ >http://cloudstack.apache.org/downloads.html</ulink> for package repositories supplied
+ by community members. You will need them for step <xref linkend="upgrade-deb-packages"/>
+ or step <xref linkend="upgrade-rpm-packages"/>.</para>
+ <para>Instructions for creating packages from the &PRODUCT; source are in the <ulink
+ url="http://cloudstack.apache.org/docs/en-US/index.html">Installation
+ Guide</ulink>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Stop your management server or servers. Run this on all management server
+ hosts:</para>
+ <programlisting><prompt>#</prompt> service cloudstack-management stop</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>If you are running a usage server or usage servers, stop those as well:</para>
+ <programlisting><prompt>#</prompt> service cloudstack-usage stop</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Make a backup of your MySQL database. If you run into any issues or need to roll
+ back the upgrade, this will assist in debugging or restoring your existing environment.
+ You'll be prompted for your password.</para>
+ <programlisting><prompt>#</prompt> mysqldump -u root -p cloud > cloudstack-backup.sql</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>(KVM Only) If primary storage of type local storage is in use, the path for this
+ storage needs to be verified to ensure it passes new validation. Check local storage by
+ querying the cloud.storage_pool table:
+ </para>
+ <programlisting><prompt>#</prompt>mysql -u cloud -p -e "select id,name,path from cloud.storage_pool where pool_type='Filesystem'"</programlisting>
+ <para>If local storage paths are found to have a trailing forward slash, remove it:
+ <programlisting><prompt>#</prompt>mysql -u cloud -p -e 'update cloud.storage_pool set path="/var/lib/libvirt/images" where path="/var/lib/libvirt/images/"';</programlisting>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem id="upgrade-deb-packages">
+ <para>If you are using Ubuntu, follow this procedure to upgrade your packages. If not,
+ skip to step <xref linkend="upgrade-rpm-packages"/>.</para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Community Packages</title>
+ <para>This section assumes you're using the community supplied packages for &PRODUCT;.
+ If you've created your own packages and APT repository, substitute your own URL for
+ the ones used in these examples.</para>
+ </note>
+ <orderedlist id="debsteps" numeration="loweralpha">
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The first order of business will be to change the sources list for each system
+ with &PRODUCT; packages. This means all management servers, and any hosts that have
+ the KVM agent. (No changes should be necessary for hosts that are running VMware or
+ Xen.)</para>
+ <para>Start by opening <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/cloudstack.list</filename> on
+ any systems that have &PRODUCT; packages installed.</para>
+ <para>This file should have one line, which contains:</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">deb http://cloudstack.apt-get.eu/ubuntu precise 4.0</programlisting>
+ <para>We'll change it to point to the new package repository:</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">deb http://cloudstack.apt-get.eu/ubuntu precise 4.2</programlisting>
+ <para>If you're using your own package repository, change this line to read as
+ appropriate for your 4.2.0 repository.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Now update your apt package list:</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">$ sudo apt-get update</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem id="deb-master">
+ <para>Now that you have the repository configured, it's time to install the
+ <filename>cloudstack-management</filename> package. This will pull in any other
+ dependencies you need.</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">$ sudo apt-get install cloudstack-management</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem id="kvm-agent-deb">
+ <para>You will need to manually install the <filename>cloudstack-agent</filename>
+ package:</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">$ sudo apt-get install cloudstack-agent</programlisting>
+ <para>During the installation of <filename>cloudstack-agent</filename>, APT will copy
+ your <filename>agent.properties</filename>, <filename>log4j-cloud.xml</filename>,
+ and <filename>environment.properties</filename> from
+ <filename>/etc/cloud/agent</filename> to
+ <filename>/etc/cloudstack/agent</filename>.</para>
+ <para>When prompted whether you wish to keep your configuration, say Yes.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Verify that the file
+ <filename>/etc/cloudstack/agent/environment.properties</filename> has a line that
+ reads:</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">paths.script=/usr/share/cloudstack-common</programlisting>
+ <para>If not, add the line.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Restart the agent:</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">
+service cloudstack-agent stop
+killall jsvc
+service cloudstack-agent start
+ </programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>(VMware only) Additional steps are required for each VMware cluster. These steps
+ will not affect running guests in the cloud. These steps are required only for clouds
+ using VMware clusters:</para>
+ <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Stop the Management Server:</para>
+ <programlisting>service cloudstack-management stop</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Generate the encrypted equivalent of your vCenter password:</para>
+ <programlisting>java -classpath /usr/share/cloudstack-common/lib/jasypt-1.9.0.jar org.jasypt.intf.cli.JasyptPBEStringEncryptionCLI encrypt.sh input="_your_vCenter_password_" password="`cat /etc/cloudstack/management/key`" verbose=false</programlisting>
+ <para>Store the output from this step, we need to add this in cluster_details table
+ and vmware_data_center tables in place of the plain text password</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Find the ID of the row of cluster_details table that you have to update:</para>
+ <programlisting>mysql -u <username> -p<password></programlisting>
+ <programlisting>select * from cloud.cluster_details;</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Update the plain text password with the encrypted one</para>
+ <programlisting>update cloud.cluster_details set value = '_ciphertext_from_step_1_' where id = _id_from_step_2_;</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Confirm that the table is updated:</para>
+ <programlisting>select * from cloud.cluster_details; </programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Find the ID of the correct row of vmware_data_center that you want to
+ update</para>
+ <programlisting>select * from cloud.vmware_data_center; </programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>update the plain text password with the encrypted one:</para>
+ <programlisting>update cloud.vmware_data_center set password = '_ciphertext_from_step_1_' where id = _id_from_step_5_; </programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Confirm that the table is updated:</para>
+ <programlisting>select * from cloud.vmware_data_center; </programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Start the &PRODUCT; Management server </para>
+ <programlisting>service cloudstack-management start</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>(KVM only) Additional steps are required for each KVM host. These steps will not
+ affect running guests in the cloud. These steps are required only for clouds using KVM
+ as hosts and only on the KVM hosts.</para>
+ <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Manually clean up <filename>/var/cache/cloudstack</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Copy the 4.2 tar file to the host, untar it, and change directory to the
+ resulting directory.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Stop the running agent.</para>
+ <programlisting># service cloud-agent stop</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Update the agent software.</para>
+ <programlisting># ./install.sh</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Choose "U" to update the packages.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Start the agent.</para>
+ <programlisting># service cloudstack-agent start</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem id="upgrade-rpm-packages">
+ <para>If you are using CentOS or RHEL, follow this procedure to upgrade your packages. If
+ not, skip to step <xref linkend="restart-system-vms"/>.</para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Community Packages</title>
+ <para>This section assumes you're using the community supplied packages for &PRODUCT;.
+ If you've created your own packages and yum repository, substitute your own URL for
+ the ones used in these examples.</para>
+ </note>
+ <orderedlist id="rpmsteps" numeration="loweralpha">
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The first order of business will be to change the yum repository for each system
+ with &PRODUCT; packages. This means all management servers, and any hosts that have
+ the KVM agent. </para>
+ <para>(No changes should be necessary for hosts that are running VMware or
+ Xen.)</para>
+ <para>Start by opening <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/cloudstack.repo</filename> on any
+ systems that have &PRODUCT; packages installed.</para>
+ <para>This file should have content similar to the following:</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">
+[apache-cloudstack]
+name=Apache CloudStack
+baseurl=http://cloudstack.apt-get.eu/rhel/4.0/
+enabled=1
+gpgcheck=0
+ </programlisting>
+ <para>If you are using the community provided package repository, change the base url
+ to http://cloudstack.apt-get.eu/rhel/4.2/</para>
+ <para>If you're using your own package repository, change this line to read as
+ appropriate for your 4.2.0 repository.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem id="rpm-master">
+ <para>Now that you have the repository configured, it's time to install the
+ <filename>cloudstack-management</filename> package by upgrading the older
+ <filename>cloudstack-management</filename> package.</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">$ sudo yum upgrade cloudstack-management</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem id="kvm-agent-rpm">
+ <para>For KVM hosts, you will need to upgrade the <filename>cloud-agent</filename>
+ package, similarly installing the new version as
+ <filename>cloudstack-agent</filename>.</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">$ sudo yum upgrade cloudstack-agent</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>For CentOS 5.5, perform the following:</para>
+ <orderedlist numeration="lowerroman">
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Run the following command:</para>
+ <programlisting>rpm -Uvh http://download.cloud.com/support/jsvc/jakarta-commons-daemon-jsvc-1.0.1-8.9.el6.x86_64.rpm</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Upgrade the Usage server.</para>
+ <programlisting>sudo yum upgrade cloudstack-usage</programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Verify that the file
+ <filename>/etc/cloudstack/agent/environment.properties</filename> has a line that
+ reads:</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">paths.script=/usr/share/cloudstack-common</programlisting>
+ <para>If not, add the line.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Restart the agent:</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">
+service cloudstack-agent stop
+killall jsvc
+service cloudstack-agent start
+ </programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem id="restart-system-vms">
+ <para>Once you've upgraded the packages on your management servers, you'll need to restart
+ the system VMs. Ensure that the admin port is set to 8096 by using the "integration.api.port" global parameter.
+This port is used by the cloud-sysvmadm script at the end of the upgrade procedure. For
+information about how to set this parameter, see "Setting Global Configuration Parameters" in
+the Installation Guide. Changing this parameter will require management server restart. Also make sure port 8096 is open in your local host firewall to do
+ this. </para>
+ <para>There is a script that will do this for you, all you need to do is run the script
+ and supply the IP address for your MySQL instance and your MySQL credentials:</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash"><prompt>#</prompt> nohup cloudstack-sysvmadm -d <replaceable>IP address</replaceable> -u cloud -p -a > sysvm.log 2>&1 &</programlisting>
+ <para>You can monitor the log for progress. The process of restarting the system VMs can
+ take an hour or more.</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash"><prompt>#</prompt> tail -f sysvm.log</programlisting>
+ <para>The output to <filename>sysvm.log</filename> will look something like this:</para>
+ <programlisting language="Bash">
+Stopping and starting 1 secondary storage vm(s)...
+Done stopping and starting secondary storage vm(s)
+Stopping and starting 1 console proxy vm(s)...
+Done stopping and starting console proxy vm(s).
+Stopping and starting 4 running routing vm(s)...
+Done restarting router(s).
+ </programlisting>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <note>
+ <title>For Xen Hosts: Copy vhd-utils</title>
+ <para>This step is only for CloudStack installs that are using Xen hosts.</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>Copy the file <filename>vhd-utils</filename> to
+ <filename>/usr/share/cloudstack-common/scripts/vm/hypervisor/xenserver</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </section>
+ <section id="upgrade-from-3.0.x-to-4.0">
+ <title>Upgrade from 3.0.x to 4.2.0</title>
+ <para>This section will guide you from Citrix CloudStack 3.0.x to Apache CloudStack 4.2.0.
+ Sections that are hypervisor-specific will be called out with a note.</para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <note>
+ <para>The following upgrade instructions apply only if you're using VMware hosts. If
+ you're not using VMware hosts, skip this step and move on to <xref
+ linkend="stopping-usage-servers"/>.</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>In each zone that includes VMware hosts, you need to add a new system VM template. </para>
+ <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
+ <listitem>
+ <para>While running the existing 3.0.x system, log in to the UI as root
+ administrator.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>In the left navigation bar, click Templates.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>In Select view, click Templates.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click Register template.</para>
+ <para>The Register template dialog box is displayed.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>In the Register template dialog box, specify the following values (do not change
+ these):</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="2" align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
+ <colspec colwidth="1*" colname="1" colnum="1"/>
+ <colspec colwidth="2*" colname="2" colnum="2"/>
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry><para>Hypervisor</para></entry>
+ <entry><para>Description</para></entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><para>XenServer</para></entry>
+ <entry><para>Name: systemvm-xenserver-4.2</para>
+ <para>Description: systemvm-xenserver-4.2</para>
+ <para>URL:http://download.cloud.com/templates/4.2/systemvmtemplate-2013-07-12-master-xen.vhd.bz2 </para>
+
<TRUNCATED>