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Posted to dev@tomcat.apache.org by kk...@apache.org on 2014/04/28 00:44:34 UTC

svn commit: r1590512 - /tomcat/tc7.0.x/trunk/webapps/docs/cluster-howto.xml

Author: kkolinko
Date: Sun Apr 27 22:44:34 2014
New Revision: 1590512

URL: http://svn.apache.org/r1590512
Log:
Improve documentation markup.
This is partial backport of r1518540 from trunk.

Modified:
    tomcat/tc7.0.x/trunk/webapps/docs/cluster-howto.xml

Modified: tomcat/tc7.0.x/trunk/webapps/docs/cluster-howto.xml
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/tomcat/tc7.0.x/trunk/webapps/docs/cluster-howto.xml?rev=1590512&r1=1590511&r2=1590512&view=diff
==============================================================================
--- tomcat/tc7.0.x/trunk/webapps/docs/cluster-howto.xml (original)
+++ tomcat/tc7.0.x/trunk/webapps/docs/cluster-howto.xml Sun Apr 27 22:44:34 2014
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@
 
 <section name="For the impatient">
   <p>
-    Simply add <source>&lt;Cluster className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster&quot;/&gt;</source>
+    Simply add
+  </p>
+  <source>&lt;Cluster className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster&quot;/&gt;</source>
+  <p>
     to your <code>&lt;Engine&gt;</code> or your <code>&lt;Host&gt;</code> element to enable clustering.
   </p>
   <p>
@@ -51,58 +54,61 @@
     Also when using the delta manager it will replicate to all nodes, even nodes that don't have the application deployed.<br/>
     To get around this problem, you'll want to use the BackupManager. This manager only replicates the session data to one backup
     node, and only to nodes that have the application deployed. Downside of the BackupManager: not quite as battle tested as the delta manager.
-    <br/>
-    Here are some of the important default values:<br/>
-    1. Multicast address is 228.0.0.4<br/>
-    2. Multicast port is 45564 (the port and the address together determine cluster membership.<br/>
-    3. The IP broadcasted is <code>java.net.InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()</code> (make sure you don't broadcast 127.0.0.1, this is a common error)<br/>
-    4. The TCP port listening for replication messages is the first available server socket in range <code>4000-4100</code><br/>
-    5. Two listeners are configured <code>ClusterSessionListener</code> and <code>JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener</code><br/>
-    6. Two interceptors are configured <code>TcpFailureDetector</code> and <code>MessageDispatch15Interceptor</code><br/>
-    The following is the default cluster configuration:<br/>
-    <source>
-        &lt;Cluster className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster&quot;
-                 channelSendOptions=&quot;8&quot;&gt;
-
-          &lt;Manager className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager&quot;
-                   expireSessionsOnShutdown=&quot;false&quot;
-                   notifyListenersOnReplication=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;
-
-          &lt;Channel className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel&quot;&gt;
-            &lt;Membership className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService&quot;
-                        address=&quot;228.0.0.4&quot;
-                        port=&quot;45564&quot;
-                        frequency=&quot;500&quot;
-                        dropTime=&quot;3000&quot;/&gt;
-            &lt;Receiver className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver&quot;
-                      address=&quot;auto&quot;
-                      port=&quot;4000&quot;
-                      autoBind=&quot;100&quot;
-                      selectorTimeout=&quot;5000&quot;
-                      maxThreads=&quot;6&quot;/&gt;
-
-            &lt;Sender className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter&quot;&gt;
-              &lt;Transport className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender&quot;/&gt;
-            &lt;/Sender&gt;
-            &lt;Interceptor className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector&quot;/&gt;
-            &lt;Interceptor className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor&quot;/&gt;
-          &lt;/Channel&gt;
-
-          &lt;Valve className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve&quot;
-                 filter=&quot;&quot;/&gt;
-          &lt;Valve className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve&quot;/&gt;
-
-          &lt;Deployer className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer&quot;
-                    tempDir=&quot;/tmp/war-temp/&quot;
-                    deployDir=&quot;/tmp/war-deploy/&quot;
-                    watchDir=&quot;/tmp/war-listen/&quot;
-                    watchEnabled=&quot;false&quot;/&gt;
-
-          &lt;ClusterListener className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener&quot;/&gt;
-          &lt;ClusterListener className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener&quot;/&gt;
-        &lt;/Cluster&gt;
-    </source>
   </p>
+  <p>
+    Here are some of the important default values:
+  </p>
+  <ol>
+    <li>Multicast address is 228.0.0.4</li>
+    <li>Multicast port is 45564 (the port and the address together determine cluster membership.</li>
+    <li>The IP broadcasted is <code>java.net.InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()</code> (make sure you don't broadcast 127.0.0.1, this is a common error)</li>
+    <li>The TCP port listening for replication messages is the first available server socket in range <code>4000-4100</code></li>
+    <li>Two listeners are configured <code>ClusterSessionListener</code></li>
+    <li>Two interceptors are configured <code>TcpFailureDetector</code> and <code>MessageDispatch15Interceptor</code></li>
+  </ol>
+  <p>
+    The following is the default cluster configuration:
+  </p>
+  <source><![CDATA[        <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
+                 channelSendOptions="8">
+
+          <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
+                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
+                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
+
+          <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
+            <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
+                        address="228.0.0.4"
+                        port="45564"
+                        frequency="500"
+                        dropTime="3000"/>
+            <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
+                      address="auto"
+                      port="4000"
+                      autoBind="100"
+                      selectorTimeout="5000"
+                      maxThreads="6"/>
+
+            <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
+              <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
+            </Sender>
+            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
+            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
+          </Channel>
+
+          <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
+                 filter=""/>
+          <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
+
+          <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
+                    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
+                    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
+                    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
+                    watchEnabled="false"/>
+
+          <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener">
+          <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener">
+        </Cluster>]]></source>
   <p>Will cover this section in more detail later in this document.</p>
 </section>
 
@@ -129,7 +135,7 @@ should be completed:</p>
    side otherwise, a new session will be created.</p>
 <p>Note: Clustering support currently requires the JDK version 1.5 or later.</p>
 <p>The Cluster module uses the Tomcat JULI logging framework, so you can configure logging
-   through the regular logging.properties file. To track messages, you can enable logging on the key:<code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.MESSAGES</code></p>
+   through the regular logging.properties file. To track messages, you can enable logging on the key: <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.MESSAGES</code></p>
 </section>
 
 
@@ -153,15 +159,13 @@ should be completed:</p>
    A very simple setup would look like this:
    </p>
 
-<source>
-        DNS Round Robin
+<source>        DNS Round Robin
                |
          Load Balancer
           /           \
       Cluster1      Cluster2
       /     \        /     \
-  Tomcat1 Tomcat2  Tomcat3 Tomcat4
-</source>
+  Tomcat1 Tomcat2  Tomcat3 Tomcat4</source>
 
 <p>What is important to mention here, is that session replication is only the beginning of clustering.
    Another popular concept used to implement clusters is farming, i.e., you deploy your apps only to one
@@ -235,58 +239,54 @@ should be completed:</p>
 </section>
 
 <section name="Configuration Example">
-    <source>
-        &lt;Cluster className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster&quot;
-                 channelSendOptions=&quot;6&quot;&gt;
-
-          &lt;Manager className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager&quot;
-                   expireSessionsOnShutdown=&quot;false&quot;
-                   notifyListenersOnReplication=&quot;true&quot;
-                   mapSendOptions=&quot;6&quot;/&gt;
-          &lt;!--
-          &lt;Manager className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager&quot;
-                   expireSessionsOnShutdown=&quot;false&quot;
-                   notifyListenersOnReplication=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;
-          --&gt;
-          &lt;Channel className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel&quot;&gt;
-            &lt;Membership className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService&quot;
-                        address=&quot;228.0.0.4&quot;
-                        port=&quot;45564&quot;
-                        frequency=&quot;500&quot;
-                        dropTime=&quot;3000&quot;/&gt;
-            &lt;Receiver className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver&quot;
-                      address=&quot;auto&quot;
-                      port=&quot;5000&quot;
-                      selectorTimeout=&quot;100&quot;
-                      maxThreads=&quot;6&quot;/&gt;
-
-            &lt;Sender className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter&quot;&gt;
-              &lt;Transport className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender&quot;/&gt;
-            &lt;/Sender&gt;
-            &lt;Interceptor className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector&quot;/&gt;
-            &lt;Interceptor className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor&quot;/&gt;
-            &lt;Interceptor className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor&quot;/&gt;
-          &lt;/Channel&gt;
-
-          &lt;Valve className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve&quot;
-                 filter=&quot;.*\.gif|.*\.js|.*\.jpeg|.*\.jpg|.*\.png|.*\.htm|.*\.html|.*\.css|.*\.txt&quot;/&gt;
-
-          &lt;Deployer className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer&quot;
-                    tempDir=&quot;/tmp/war-temp/&quot;
-                    deployDir=&quot;/tmp/war-deploy/&quot;
-                    watchDir=&quot;/tmp/war-listen/&quot;
-                    watchEnabled=&quot;false&quot;/&gt;
-
-          &lt;ClusterListener className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener&quot;/&gt;
-        &lt;/Cluster&gt;
-    </source>
+    <source><![CDATA[        <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
+                 channelSendOptions="6">
+
+          <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
+                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
+                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
+                   mapSendOptions="6"/>
+          <!--
+          <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
+                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
+                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
+          -->
+          <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
+            <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
+                        address="228.0.0.4"
+                        port="45564"
+                        frequency="500"
+                        dropTime="3000"/>
+            <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
+                      address="auto"
+                      port="5000"
+                      selectorTimeout="100"
+                      maxThreads="6"/>
+
+            <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
+              <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
+            </Sender>
+            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
+            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
+            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/>
+          </Channel>
+
+          <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
+                 filter=".*\.gif|.*\.js|.*\.jpeg|.*\.jpg|.*\.png|.*\.htm|.*\.html|.*\.css|.*\.txt"/>
+
+          <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
+                    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
+                    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
+                    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
+                    watchEnabled="false"/>
+
+          <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
+        </Cluster>]]></source>
     <p>
       Break it down!!
     </p>
-    <source>
-        &lt;Cluster className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster&quot;
-                 channelSendOptions=&quot;6&quot;&gt;
-    </source>
+    <source><![CDATA[        <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
+                 channelSendOptions="6">]]></source>
     <p>
       The main element, inside this element all cluster details can be configured.
       The <code>channelSendOptions</code> is the flag that is attached to each message sent by the
@@ -297,17 +297,15 @@ should be completed:</p>
       sends it itself directly through the channel.
       <br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster.html">reference documentation</a>
     </p>
-    <source>
-          &lt;Manager className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager&quot;
-                   expireSessionsOnShutdown=&quot;false&quot;
-                   notifyListenersOnReplication=&quot;true&quot;
-                   mapSendOptions=&quot;6&quot;/&gt;
-          &lt;!--
-          &lt;Manager className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager&quot;
-                   expireSessionsOnShutdown=&quot;false&quot;
-                   notifyListenersOnReplication=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;
-          --&gt;
-    </source>
+    <source><![CDATA[          <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
+                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
+                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
+                   mapSendOptions="6"/>
+          <!--
+          <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
+                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
+                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
+          -->]]></source>
     <p>
         This is a template for the manager configuration that will be used if no manager is defined in the &lt;Context&gt;
         element. In Tomcat 5.x each webapp marked distributable had to use the same manager, this is no longer the case
@@ -317,21 +315,17 @@ should be completed:</p>
         and create a manager instance cloning this configuration.
         <br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-manager.html">reference documentation</a>
     </p>
-    <source>
-          &lt;Channel className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel&quot;&gt;
-    </source>
+    <source><![CDATA[          <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">]]></source>
     <p>
         The channel element is <a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a>, the group communication framework
         used inside Tomcat. This element encapsulates everything that has to do with communication and membership logic.
         <br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-channel.html">reference documentation</a>
     </p>
-    <source>
-            &lt;Membership className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService&quot;
-                        address=&quot;228.0.0.4&quot;
-                        port=&quot;45564&quot;
-                        frequency=&quot;500&quot;
-                        dropTime=&quot;3000&quot;/&gt;
-    </source>
+    <source><![CDATA[            <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
+                        address="228.0.0.4"
+                        port="45564"
+                        frequency="500"
+                        dropTime="3000"/>]]></source>
     <p>
         Membership is done using multicasting. Please note that Tribes also supports static memberships using the
         <code>StaticMembershipInterceptor</code> if you want to extend your membership to points beyond multicasting.
@@ -343,13 +337,11 @@ should be completed:</p>
         <code>Receiver.address</code> attribute.
         <br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-membership.html">reference documentation</a>
     </p>
-    <source>
-            &lt;Receiver className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver&quot;
-                      address=&quot;auto&quot;
-                      port=&quot;5000&quot;
-                      selectorTimeout=&quot;100&quot;
-                      maxThreads=&quot;6&quot;/&gt;
-    </source>
+    <source><![CDATA[            <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
+                      address="auto"
+                      port="5000"
+                      selectorTimeout="100"
+                      maxThreads="6"/>]]></source>
     <p>
         In tribes the logic of sending and receiving data has been broken into two functional components. The Receiver, as the name suggests
         is responsible for receiving messages. Since the Tribes stack is thread less, (a popular improvement now adopted by other frameworks as well),
@@ -357,12 +349,9 @@ should be completed:</p>
         The address attribute is the host address that will be broadcasted by the membership component to the other nodes.
         <br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-receiver.html">reference documentation</a>
     </p>
-    <source>
-
-            &lt;Sender className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter&quot;&gt;
-              &lt;Transport className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender&quot;/&gt;
-            &lt;/Sender&gt;
-    </source>
+    <source><![CDATA[            <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
+              <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
+            </Sender>]]></source>
     <p>
         The sender component, as the name indicates is responsible for sending messages to other nodes.
         The sender has a shell component, the <code>ReplicationTransmitter</code> but the real stuff done is done in the
@@ -373,12 +362,10 @@ should be completed:</p>
         at the same time.
         <br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-sender.html">reference documentation</a>
     </p>
-    <source>
-            &lt;Interceptor className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector&quot;/&gt;
-            &lt;Interceptor className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor&quot;/&gt;
-            &lt;Interceptor className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor&quot;/&gt;
-          &lt;/Channel&gt;
-    </source>
+    <source><![CDATA[            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
+            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
+            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/>
+          </Channel>]]></source>
     <p>
         Tribes uses a stack to send messages through. Each element in the stack is called an interceptor, and works much like the valves do
         in the Tomcat servlet container.
@@ -391,23 +378,19 @@ should be completed:</p>
         channel stack. Think of it as a linked list, with the head being the first most interceptor and the tail the last.
         <br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-interceptor.html">reference documentation</a>
     </p>
-    <source>
-          &lt;Valve className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve&quot;
-                 filter=&quot;.*\.gif|.*\.js|.*\.jpeg|.*\.jpg|.*\.png|.*\.htm|.*\.html|.*\.css|.*\.txt&quot;/&gt;
-    </source>
+    <source><![CDATA[          <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
+                 filter=".*\.gif|.*\.js|.*\.jpeg|.*\.jpg|.*\.png|.*\.htm|.*\.html|.*\.css|.*\.txt"/>]]></source>
     <p>
         The cluster uses valves to track requests to web applications, we've mentioned the ReplicationValve and the JvmRouteBinderValve above.
         The &lt;Cluster&gt; element itself is not part of the pipeline in Tomcat, instead the cluster adds the valve to its parent container.
         If the &lt;Cluster&gt; elements is configured in the &lt;Engine&gt; element, the valves get added to the engine and so on.
         <br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-valve.html">reference documentation</a>
     </p>
-    <source>
-          &lt;Deployer className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer&quot;
-                    tempDir=&quot;/tmp/war-temp/&quot;
-                    deployDir=&quot;/tmp/war-deploy/&quot;
-                    watchDir=&quot;/tmp/war-listen/&quot;
-                    watchEnabled=&quot;false&quot;/&gt;
-    </source>
+    <source><![CDATA[          <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
+                    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
+                    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
+                    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
+                    watchEnabled="false"/>]]></source>
     <p>
         The default tomcat cluster supports farmed deployment, ie, the cluster can deploy and undeploy applications on the other nodes.
         The state of this component is currently in flux but will be addressed soon. There was a change in the deployment algorithm
@@ -415,10 +398,8 @@ should be completed:</p>
         webapps directory.
         <br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-deployer.html">reference documentation</a>
     </p>
-    <source>
-          &lt;ClusterListener className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener&quot;/&gt;
-        &lt;/Cluster&gt;
-    </source>
+    <source><![CDATA[          <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
+        </Cluster>]]></source>
     <p>
         Since the SimpleTcpCluster itself is a sender and receiver of the Channel object, components can register themselves as listeners to
         the SimpleTcpCluster. The listener above <code>ClusterSessionListener</code> listens for DeltaManager replication messages
@@ -430,9 +411,8 @@ should be completed:</p>
 
 <section name="Cluster Architecture">
 
-<p><b>Component Levels:</b>
-<source>
-         Server
+<p><b>Component Levels:</b></p>
+<source>         Server
            |
          Service
            |
@@ -478,9 +458,8 @@ should be completed:</p>
                                                 \
                                                  -- FarmWarDeployer
 
-
 </source>
-</p>
+
 
 </section>
 <section name="How it Works">
@@ -512,7 +491,7 @@ should be completed:</p>
         Tomcat will create a <code>DeltaManager</code> for that context instead of a <code>StandardManager</code>.
         The cluster class will start up a membership service (multicast) and a replication service (tcp unicast).
         More on the architecture further down in this document.
-    </p><p></p>
+    </p>
 </li>
 <li><b><code>TomcatB</code> starts up</b>
     <p>
@@ -525,7 +504,7 @@ should be completed:</p>
         entry. The session state gets transferred for each web application that has distributable in
         its web.xml. Note: To use session replication efficiently, all your tomcat instances should be
         configured the same.
-    </p><p></p>
+    </p>
 </li>
 <li><B><code>TomcatA</code> receives a request, a session <code>S1</code> is created.</B>
     <p>
@@ -539,7 +518,7 @@ should be completed:</p>
         in the session without calling setAttribute or removeAttribute to be replicated.
         a useDirtyFlag configuration parameter can be used to optimize the number of times
         a session is replicated.
-    </p><p></p>
+    </p>
 
 </li>
 <li><b><code>TomcatA</code> crashes</b>
@@ -549,11 +528,11 @@ should be completed:</p>
         be notified of any changes that occurs in TomcatB.
         The load balancer will redirect the requests from TomcatA to TomcatB and all the sessions
         are current.
-    </p><p></p>
+    </p>
 </li>
 <li><b><code>TomcatB</code> receives a request for session <code>S1</code></b>
     <p>Nothing exciting, TomcatB will process the request as any other request.
-    </p><p></p>
+    </p>
 </li>
 <li><b><code>TomcatA</code> starts up</b>
     <p>Upon start up, before TomcatA starts taking new request and making itself
@@ -561,18 +540,18 @@ should be completed:</p>
     It will join the cluster, contact TomcatB for the current state of all the sessions.
     And once it receives the session state, it finishes loading and opens its HTTP/mod_jk ports.
     So no requests will make it to TomcatA until it has received the session state from TomcatB.
-    </p><p></p>
+    </p>
 </li>
 <li><b><code>TomcatA</code> receives a request, invalidate is called on the session (<code>S1</code>)</b>
     <p>The invalidate call is intercepted, and the session is queued with invalidated sessions.
         When the request is complete, instead of sending out the session that has changed, it sends out
         an "expire" message to TomcatB and TomcatB will invalidate the session as well.
-    </p><p></p>
+    </p>
 
 </li>
 <li><b><code>TomcatB</code> receives a request, for a new session (<code>S2</code>)</b>
     <p>Same scenario as in step 3)
-    </p><p></p>
+    </p>
 
 
 </li>
@@ -581,7 +560,7 @@ should be completed:</p>
        and the session is queued with invalidated sessions.
        At this point, the invalidated session will not be replicated across until
        another request comes through the system and checks the invalid queue.
-    </p><p></p>
+    </p>
 </li>
 </ol>
 
@@ -618,24 +597,23 @@ should be completed:</p>
 
 <section name="Monitoring your Cluster with JMX">
 <p>Monitoring is a very important question when you use a cluster. Some of the cluster objects are JMX MBeans </p>
-<p>Add the following parameter to your startup script with Java 5:
-<source>
-set CATALINA_OPTS=\
+<p>Add the following parameter to your startup script with Java 5:</p>
+<source>set CATALINA_OPTS=\
 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote \
 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=%my.jmx.port% \
 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false \
--Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
-</source>
-</p>
+-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false</source>
+
 <p>
-List of Cluster Mbeans<br/>
-<table border="1" cellpadding="5">
+  List of Cluster Mbeans
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
 
   <tr>
-    <th align="center" bgcolor="aqua">Name</th>
-    <th align="center" bgcolor="aqua">Description</th>
-    <th align="center" bgcolor="aqua">MBean ObjectName - Engine</th>
-    <th align="center" bgcolor="aqua">MBean ObjectName - Host</th>
+    <th>Name</th>
+    <th>Description</th>
+    <th>MBean ObjectName - Engine</th>
+    <th>MBean ObjectName - Host</th>
   </tr>
 
   <tr>
@@ -683,7 +661,6 @@ List of Cluster Mbeans<br/>
   </tr>
 
 </table>
-</p>
 </section>
 
 <section name="FAQ">



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