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Posted to commits@joshua.apache.org by mj...@apache.org on 2016/06/23 18:45:41 UTC

[30/60] [partial] incubator-joshua git commit: maven multi-module layout 1st commit: moving files into joshua-core

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-joshua/blob/e2734396/joshua-core/src/main/java/org/apache/joshua/mira/MIRACore.java
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diff --git a/joshua-core/src/main/java/org/apache/joshua/mira/MIRACore.java b/joshua-core/src/main/java/org/apache/joshua/mira/MIRACore.java
new file mode 100755
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@@ -0,0 +1,3112 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.joshua.mira;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import java.util.Vector;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
+
+import org.apache.joshua.decoder.Decoder;
+import org.apache.joshua.decoder.JoshuaConfiguration;
+import org.apache.joshua.metrics.EvaluationMetric;
+import org.apache.joshua.util.StreamGobbler;
+import org.apache.joshua.corpus.Vocabulary;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * This code was originally written by Yuan Cao, who copied the MERT code to produce this file.
+ */
+
+public class MIRACore {
+
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MIRACore.class);
+
+  private final JoshuaConfiguration joshuaConfiguration;
+  private TreeSet<Integer>[] indicesOfInterest_all;
+
+  private final static DecimalFormat f4 = new DecimalFormat("###0.0000");
+  private final Runtime myRuntime = Runtime.getRuntime();
+
+  private final static double NegInf = (-1.0 / 0.0);
+  private final static double PosInf = (+1.0 / 0.0);
+  private final static double epsilon = 1.0 / 1000000;
+
+  private int progress;
+
+  private int verbosity; // anything of priority <= verbosity will be printed
+                         // (lower value for priority means more important)
+
+  private Random randGen;
+  private int generatedRands;
+
+  private int numSentences;
+  // number of sentences in the dev set
+  // (aka the "MERT training" set)
+
+  private int numDocuments;
+  // number of documents in the dev set
+  // this should be 1, unless doing doc-level optimization
+
+  private int[] docOfSentence;
+  // docOfSentence[i] stores which document contains the i'th sentence.
+  // docOfSentence is 0-indexed, as are the documents (i.e. first doc is indexed 0)
+
+  private int[] docSubsetInfo;
+  // stores information regarding which subset of the documents are evaluated
+  // [0]: method (0-6)
+  // [1]: first (1-indexed)
+  // [2]: last (1-indexed)
+  // [3]: size
+  // [4]: center
+  // [5]: arg1
+  // [6]: arg2
+  // [1-6] are 0 for method 0, [6] is 0 for methods 1-4 as well
+  // only [1] and [2] are needed for optimization. The rest are only needed for an output message.
+
+  private int refsPerSen;
+  // number of reference translations per sentence
+
+  private int textNormMethod;
+  // 0: no normalization, 1: "NIST-style" tokenization, and also rejoin 'm, 're, *'s, 've, 'll, 'd,
+  // and n't,
+  // 2: apply 1 and also rejoin dashes between letters, 3: apply 1 and also drop non-ASCII
+  // characters
+  // 4: apply 1+2+3
+
+  private int numParams;
+  // total number of firing features
+  // this number may increase overtime as new n-best lists are decoded
+  // initially it is equal to the # of params in the parameter config file
+  private int numParamsOld;
+  // number of features before observing the new features fired in the current iteration
+
+  private double[] normalizationOptions;
+  // How should a lambda[] vector be normalized (before decoding)?
+  // nO[0] = 0: no normalization
+  // nO[0] = 1: scale so that parameter nO[2] has absolute value nO[1]
+  // nO[0] = 2: scale so that the maximum absolute value is nO[1]
+  // nO[0] = 3: scale so that the minimum absolute value is nO[1]
+  // nO[0] = 4: scale so that the L-nO[1] norm equals nO[2]
+
+  /* *********************************************************** */
+  /* NOTE: indexing starts at 1 in the following few arrays: */
+  /* *********************************************************** */
+
+  // private double[] lambda;
+  private ArrayList<Double> lambda = new ArrayList<Double>();
+  // the current weight vector. NOTE: indexing starts at 1.
+  private ArrayList<Double> bestLambda = new ArrayList<Double>();
+  // the best weight vector across all iterations
+
+  private boolean[] isOptimizable;
+  // isOptimizable[c] = true iff lambda[c] should be optimized
+
+  private double[] minRandValue;
+  private double[] maxRandValue;
+  // when choosing a random value for the lambda[c] parameter, it will be
+  // chosen from the [minRandValue[c],maxRandValue[c]] range.
+  // (*) minRandValue and maxRandValue must be real values, but not -Inf or +Inf
+
+  private double[] defaultLambda;
+  // "default" parameter values; simply the values read in the parameter file
+  // USED FOR NON-OPTIMIZABLE (FIXED) FEATURES
+
+  /* *********************************************************** */
+  /* *********************************************************** */
+
+  private Decoder myDecoder;
+  // COMMENT OUT if decoder is not Joshua
+
+  private String decoderCommand;
+  // the command that runs the decoder; read from decoderCommandFileName
+
+  private int decVerbosity;
+  // verbosity level for decoder output. If 0, decoder output is ignored.
+  // If 1, decoder output is printed.
+
+  private int validDecoderExitValue;
+  // return value from running the decoder command that indicates success
+
+  private int numOptThreads;
+  // number of threads to run things in parallel
+
+  private int saveInterFiles;
+  // 0: nothing, 1: only configs, 2: only n-bests, 3: both configs and n-bests
+
+  private int compressFiles;
+  // should MIRA gzip the large files? If 0, no compression takes place.
+  // If 1, compression is performed on: decoder output files, temp sents files,
+  // and temp feats files.
+
+  private int sizeOfNBest;
+  // size of N-best list generated by decoder at each iteration
+  // (aka simply N, but N is a bad variable name)
+
+  private long seed;
+  // seed used to create random number generators
+
+  private boolean randInit;
+  // if true, parameters are initialized randomly. If false, parameters
+  // are initialized using values from parameter file.
+
+  private int maxMERTIterations, minMERTIterations, prevMERTIterations;
+  // max: maximum number of MERT iterations
+  // min: minimum number of MERT iterations before an early MERT exit
+  // prev: number of previous MERT iterations from which to consider candidates (in addition to
+  // the candidates from the current iteration)
+
+  private double stopSigValue;
+  // early MERT exit if no weight changes by more than stopSigValue
+  // (but see minMERTIterations above and stopMinIts below)
+
+  private int stopMinIts;
+  // some early stopping criterion must be satisfied in stopMinIts *consecutive* iterations
+  // before an early exit (but see minMERTIterations above)
+
+  private boolean oneModificationPerIteration;
+  // if true, each MERT iteration performs at most one parameter modification.
+  // If false, a new MERT iteration starts (i.e. a new N-best list is
+  // generated) only after the previous iteration reaches a local maximum.
+
+  private String metricName;
+  // name of evaluation metric optimized by MERT
+
+  private String metricName_display;
+  // name of evaluation metric optimized by MERT, possibly with "doc-level " prefixed
+
+  private String[] metricOptions;
+  // options for the evaluation metric (e.g. for BLEU, maxGramLength and effLengthMethod)
+
+  private EvaluationMetric evalMetric;
+  // the evaluation metric used by MERT
+
+  private int suffStatsCount;
+  // number of sufficient statistics for the evaluation metric
+
+  private String tmpDirPrefix;
+  // prefix for the MIRA.temp.* files
+
+  private boolean passIterationToDecoder;
+  // should the iteration number be passed as an argument to decoderCommandFileName?
+
+  // used by mira
+  private boolean needShuffle = true; // shuffle the training sentences or not
+  private boolean needAvg = true; // average the weihgts or not?
+  private boolean runPercep = false; // run perceptron instead of mira
+  private boolean usePseudoBleu = true; // need to use pseudo corpus to compute bleu?
+  private boolean returnBest = false; // return the best weight during tuning
+  private boolean needScale = true; // need scaling?
+  private String trainingMode;
+  private int oraSelectMode = 1;
+  private int predSelectMode = 1;
+  private int miraIter = 1;
+  private int batchSize = 1;
+  private double C = 0.01; // relaxation coefficient
+  private double R = 0.99; // corpus decay when pseudo corpus is used for bleu computation
+  // private double sentForScale = 0.15; //percentage of sentences for scale factor estimation
+  private double scoreRatio = 5.0; // sclale so that model_score/metric_score = scoreratio
+  private double prevMetricScore = 0; // final metric score of the previous iteration, used only
+                                      // when returnBest = true
+
+  private String dirPrefix; // where are all these files located?
+  private String paramsFileName, docInfoFileName, finalLambdaFileName;
+  private String sourceFileName, refFileName, decoderOutFileName;
+  private String decoderConfigFileName, decoderCommandFileName;
+  private String fakeFileNameTemplate, fakeFileNamePrefix, fakeFileNameSuffix;
+
+  // e.g. output.it[1-x].someOldRun would be specified as:
+  // output.it?.someOldRun
+  // and we'd have prefix = "output.it" and suffix = ".sameOldRun"
+
+  // private int useDisk;
+
+  public MIRACore(JoshuaConfiguration joshuaConfiguration) {
+    this.joshuaConfiguration = joshuaConfiguration;
+  }
+
+  public MIRACore(String[] args, JoshuaConfiguration joshuaConfiguration) {
+    this.joshuaConfiguration = joshuaConfiguration;
+    EvaluationMetric.set_knownMetrics();
+    processArgsArray(args);
+    initialize(0);
+  }
+
+  public MIRACore(String configFileName, JoshuaConfiguration joshuaConfiguration) {
+    this.joshuaConfiguration = joshuaConfiguration;
+    EvaluationMetric.set_knownMetrics();
+    processArgsArray(cfgFileToArgsArray(configFileName));
+    initialize(0);
+  }
+
+  private void initialize(int randsToSkip) {
+    println("NegInf: " + NegInf + ", PosInf: " + PosInf + ", epsilon: " + epsilon, 4);
+
+    randGen = new Random(seed);
+    for (int r = 1; r <= randsToSkip; ++r) {
+      randGen.nextDouble();
+    }
+    generatedRands = randsToSkip;
+
+    if (randsToSkip == 0) {
+      println("----------------------------------------------------", 1);
+      println("Initializing...", 1);
+      println("----------------------------------------------------", 1);
+      println("", 1);
+
+      println("Random number generator initialized using seed: " + seed, 1);
+      println("", 1);
+    }
+
+    // count the total num of sentences to be decoded, reffilename is the combined reference file
+    // name(auto generated)
+    numSentences = countLines(refFileName) / refsPerSen;
+
+    // ??
+    processDocInfo();
+    // sets numDocuments and docOfSentence[]
+
+    if (numDocuments > 1)
+      metricName_display = "doc-level " + metricName;
+
+    // ??
+    set_docSubsetInfo(docSubsetInfo);
+
+    // count the number of initial features
+    numParams = countNonEmptyLines(paramsFileName) - 1;
+    numParamsOld = numParams;
+
+    // read parameter config file
+    try {
+      // read dense parameter names
+      BufferedReader inFile_names = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(paramsFileName));
+
+      for (int c = 1; c <= numParams; ++c) {
+        String line = "";
+        while (line != null && line.length() == 0) { // skip empty lines
+          line = inFile_names.readLine();
+        }
+
+        // save feature names
+        String paramName = (line.substring(0, line.indexOf("|||"))).trim();
+        Vocabulary.id(paramName);
+        // System.err.println(String.format("VOCAB(%s) = %d", paramName, id));
+      }
+
+      inFile_names.close();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+
+    // the parameter file contains one line per parameter
+    // and one line for the normalization method
+    // indexing starts at 1 in these arrays
+    for (int p = 0; p <= numParams; ++p)
+      lambda.add(new Double(0));
+    bestLambda.add(new Double(0));
+    // why only lambda is a list? because the size of lambda
+    // may increase over time, but other arrays are specified in
+    // the param config file, only used for initialization
+    isOptimizable = new boolean[1 + numParams];
+    minRandValue = new double[1 + numParams];
+    maxRandValue = new double[1 + numParams];
+    defaultLambda = new double[1 + numParams];
+    normalizationOptions = new double[3];
+
+    // read initial param values
+    processParamFile();
+    // sets the arrays declared just above
+
+    // SentenceInfo.createV(); // uncomment ONLY IF using vocabulary implementation of SentenceInfo
+
+    String[][] refSentences = new String[numSentences][refsPerSen];
+
+    try {
+
+      // read in reference sentences
+      InputStream inStream_refs = new FileInputStream(new File(refFileName));
+      BufferedReader inFile_refs = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStream_refs, "utf8"));
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; ++i) {
+        for (int r = 0; r < refsPerSen; ++r) {
+          // read the rth reference translation for the ith sentence
+          refSentences[i][r] = inFile_refs.readLine();
+        }
+      }
+
+      inFile_refs.close();
+
+      // normalize reference sentences
+      for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; ++i) {
+        for (int r = 0; r < refsPerSen; ++r) {
+          // normalize the rth reference translation for the ith sentence
+          refSentences[i][r] = normalize(refSentences[i][r], textNormMethod);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // read in decoder command, if any
+      decoderCommand = null;
+      if (decoderCommandFileName != null) {
+        if (fileExists(decoderCommandFileName)) {
+          BufferedReader inFile_comm = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(decoderCommandFileName));
+          decoderCommand = inFile_comm.readLine(); // READ IN DECODE COMMAND
+          inFile_comm.close();
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+
+    // set static data members for the EvaluationMetric class
+    EvaluationMetric.set_numSentences(numSentences);
+    EvaluationMetric.set_numDocuments(numDocuments);
+    EvaluationMetric.set_refsPerSen(refsPerSen);
+    EvaluationMetric.set_refSentences(refSentences);
+    EvaluationMetric.set_tmpDirPrefix(tmpDirPrefix);
+
+    evalMetric = EvaluationMetric.getMetric(metricName, metricOptions);
+    // used only if returnBest = true
+    prevMetricScore = evalMetric.getToBeMinimized() ? PosInf : NegInf;
+
+    // length of sufficient statistics
+    // for bleu: suffstatscount=8 (2*ngram+2)
+    suffStatsCount = evalMetric.get_suffStatsCount();
+
+    // set static data members for the IntermediateOptimizer class
+    /*
+     * IntermediateOptimizer.set_MERTparams(numSentences, numDocuments, docOfSentence,
+     * docSubsetInfo, numParams, normalizationOptions, isOptimizable oneModificationPerIteration,
+     * evalMetric, tmpDirPrefix, verbosity);
+     */
+
+    // print info
+    if (randsToSkip == 0) { // i.e. first iteration
+      println("Number of sentences: " + numSentences, 1);
+      println("Number of documents: " + numDocuments, 1);
+      println("Optimizing " + metricName_display, 1);
+
+      /*
+       * print("docSubsetInfo: {", 1); for (int f = 0; f < 6; ++f) print(docSubsetInfo[f] + ", ",
+       * 1); println(docSubsetInfo[6] + "}", 1);
+       */
+
+      println("Number of initial features: " + numParams, 1);
+      print("Initial feature names: {", 1);
+
+      for (int c = 1; c <= numParams; ++c)
+        print("\"" + Vocabulary.word(c) + "\"", 1);
+      println("}", 1);
+      println("", 1);
+
+      // TODO just print the correct info
+      println("c    Default value\tOptimizable?\tRand. val. range", 1);
+
+      for (int c = 1; c <= numParams; ++c) {
+        print(c + "     " + f4.format(lambda.get(c).doubleValue()) + "\t\t", 1);
+
+        if (!isOptimizable[c]) {
+          println(" No", 1);
+        } else {
+          print(" Yes\t\t", 1);
+          print(" [" + minRandValue[c] + "," + maxRandValue[c] + "]", 1);
+          println("", 1);
+        }
+      }
+
+      println("", 1);
+      print("Weight vector normalization method: ", 1);
+      if (normalizationOptions[0] == 0) {
+        println("none.", 1);
+      } else if (normalizationOptions[0] == 1) {
+        println(
+            "weights will be scaled so that the \""
+                + Vocabulary.word((int) normalizationOptions[2])
+                + "\" weight has an absolute value of " + normalizationOptions[1] + ".", 1);
+      } else if (normalizationOptions[0] == 2) {
+        println("weights will be scaled so that the maximum absolute value is "
+            + normalizationOptions[1] + ".", 1);
+      } else if (normalizationOptions[0] == 3) {
+        println("weights will be scaled so that the minimum absolute value is "
+            + normalizationOptions[1] + ".", 1);
+      } else if (normalizationOptions[0] == 4) {
+        println("weights will be scaled so that the L-" + normalizationOptions[1] + " norm is "
+            + normalizationOptions[2] + ".", 1);
+      }
+
+      println("", 1);
+
+      println("----------------------------------------------------", 1);
+      println("", 1);
+
+      // rename original config file so it doesn't get overwritten
+      // (original name will be restored in finish())
+      renameFile(decoderConfigFileName, decoderConfigFileName + ".MIRA.orig");
+    } // if (randsToSkip == 0)
+
+    // by default, load joshua decoder
+    if (decoderCommand == null && fakeFileNameTemplate == null) {
+      println("Loading Joshua decoder...", 1);
+      myDecoder = new Decoder(joshuaConfiguration, decoderConfigFileName + ".MIRA.orig");
+      println("...finished loading @ " + (new Date()), 1);
+      println("");
+    } else {
+      myDecoder = null;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    TreeSet<Integer>[] temp_TSA = new TreeSet[numSentences];
+    indicesOfInterest_all = temp_TSA;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; ++i) {
+      indicesOfInterest_all[i] = new TreeSet<Integer>();
+    }
+  } // void initialize(...)
+
+  // -------------------------
+
+  public void run_MIRA() {
+    run_MIRA(minMERTIterations, maxMERTIterations, prevMERTIterations);
+  }
+
+  public void run_MIRA(int minIts, int maxIts, int prevIts) {
+    // FIRST, CLEAN ALL PREVIOUS TEMP FILES
+    String dir;
+    int k = tmpDirPrefix.lastIndexOf("/");
+    if (k >= 0) {
+      dir = tmpDirPrefix.substring(0, k + 1);
+    } else {
+      dir = "./";
+    }
+    String files;
+    File folder = new File(dir);
+
+    if (folder.exists()) {
+      File[] listOfFiles = folder.listFiles();
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < listOfFiles.length; i++) {
+        if (listOfFiles[i].isFile()) {
+          files = listOfFiles[i].getName();
+          if (files.startsWith("MIRA.temp")) {
+            deleteFile(files);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    println("----------------------------------------------------", 1);
+    println("MIRA run started @ " + (new Date()), 1);
+    // printMemoryUsage();
+    println("----------------------------------------------------", 1);
+    println("", 1);
+
+    // if no default lambda is provided
+    if (randInit) {
+      println("Initializing lambda[] randomly.", 1);
+      // initialize optimizable parameters randomly (sampling uniformly from
+      // that parameter's random value range)
+      lambda = randomLambda();
+    }
+
+    println("Initial lambda[]: " + lambdaToString(lambda), 1);
+    println("", 1);
+
+    int[] maxIndex = new int[numSentences];
+
+    // HashMap<Integer,int[]>[] suffStats_array = new HashMap[numSentences];
+    // suffStats_array[i] maps candidates of interest for sentence i to an array
+    // storing the sufficient statistics for that candidate
+
+    int earlyStop = 0;
+    // number of consecutive iteration an early stopping criterion was satisfied
+
+    for (int iteration = 1;; ++iteration) {
+
+      // what does "A" contain?
+      // retA[0]: FINAL_score
+      // retA[1]: earlyStop
+      // retA[2]: should this be the last iteration?
+      double[] A = run_single_iteration(iteration, minIts, maxIts, prevIts, earlyStop, maxIndex);
+      if (A != null) {
+        earlyStop = (int) A[1];
+        if (A[2] == 1)
+          break;
+      } else {
+        break;
+      }
+
+    } // for (iteration)
+
+    println("", 1);
+
+    println("----------------------------------------------------", 1);
+    println("MIRA run ended @ " + (new Date()), 1);
+    // printMemoryUsage();
+    println("----------------------------------------------------", 1);
+    println("", 1);
+    if (!returnBest)
+      println("FINAL lambda: " + lambdaToString(lambda), 1);
+    // + " (" + metricName_display + ": " + FINAL_score + ")",1);
+    else
+      println("BEST lambda: " + lambdaToString(lambda), 1);
+
+    // delete intermediate .temp.*.it* decoder output files
+    for (int iteration = 1; iteration <= maxIts; ++iteration) {
+      if (compressFiles == 1) {
+        deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.sents.it" + iteration + ".gz");
+        deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.feats.it" + iteration + ".gz");
+        if (fileExists(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration + ".copy.gz")) {
+          deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration + ".copy.gz");
+        } else {
+          deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration + ".gz");
+        }
+      } else {
+        deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.sents.it" + iteration);
+        deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.feats.it" + iteration);
+        if (fileExists(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration + ".copy")) {
+          deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration + ".copy");
+        } else {
+          deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } // void run_MIRA(int maxIts)
+
+  // this is the key function!
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public double[] run_single_iteration(int iteration, int minIts, int maxIts, int prevIts,
+      int earlyStop, int[] maxIndex) {
+    double FINAL_score = 0;
+
+    double[] retA = new double[3];
+    // retA[0]: FINAL_score
+    // retA[1]: earlyStop
+    // retA[2]: should this be the last iteration?
+
+    boolean done = false;
+    retA[2] = 1; // will only be made 0 if we don't break from the following loop
+
+    // save feats and stats for all candidates(old & new)
+    HashMap<String, String>[] feat_hash = new HashMap[numSentences];
+    for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; i++)
+      feat_hash[i] = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
+    HashMap<String, String>[] stats_hash = new HashMap[numSentences];
+    for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; i++)
+      stats_hash[i] = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
+    while (!done) { // NOTE: this "loop" will only be carried out once
+      println("--- Starting MIRA iteration #" + iteration + " @ " + (new Date()) + " ---", 1);
+
+      // printMemoryUsage();
+
+      /******************************/
+      // CREATE DECODER CONFIG FILE //
+      /******************************/
+
+      createConfigFile(lambda, decoderConfigFileName, decoderConfigFileName + ".MIRA.orig");
+      // i.e. use the original config file as a template
+
+      /***************/
+      // RUN DECODER //
+      /***************/
+
+      if (iteration == 1) {
+        println("Decoding using initial weight vector " + lambdaToString(lambda), 1);
+      } else {
+        println("Redecoding using weight vector " + lambdaToString(lambda), 1);
+      }
+
+      // generate the n-best file after decoding
+      String[] decRunResult = run_decoder(iteration); // iteration passed in case fake decoder will
+                                                      // be used
+      // [0] name of file to be processed
+      // [1] indicates how the output file was obtained:
+      // 1: external decoder
+      // 2: fake decoder
+      // 3: internal decoder
+
+      if (!decRunResult[1].equals("2")) {
+        println("...finished decoding @ " + (new Date()), 1);
+      }
+
+      checkFile(decRunResult[0]);
+
+      /************* END OF DECODING **************/
+
+      println("Producing temp files for iteration " + iteration, 3);
+
+      produceTempFiles(decRunResult[0], iteration);
+
+      // save intermedidate output files
+      // save joshua.config.mira.it*
+      if (saveInterFiles == 1 || saveInterFiles == 3) { // make copy of intermediate config file
+        if (!copyFile(decoderConfigFileName, decoderConfigFileName + ".MIRA.it" + iteration)) {
+          println("Warning: attempt to make copy of decoder config file (to create"
+              + decoderConfigFileName + ".MIRA.it" + iteration + ") was unsuccessful!", 1);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // save output.nest.MIRA.it*
+      if (saveInterFiles == 2 || saveInterFiles == 3) { // make copy of intermediate decoder output
+                                                        // file...
+
+        if (!decRunResult[1].equals("2")) { // ...but only if no fake decoder
+          if (!decRunResult[0].endsWith(".gz")) {
+            if (!copyFile(decRunResult[0], decRunResult[0] + ".MIRA.it" + iteration)) {
+              println("Warning: attempt to make copy of decoder output file (to create"
+                  + decRunResult[0] + ".MIRA.it" + iteration + ") was unsuccessful!", 1);
+            }
+          } else {
+            String prefix = decRunResult[0].substring(0, decRunResult[0].length() - 3);
+            if (!copyFile(prefix + ".gz", prefix + ".MIRA.it" + iteration + ".gz")) {
+              println("Warning: attempt to make copy of decoder output file (to create" + prefix
+                  + ".MIRA.it" + iteration + ".gz" + ") was unsuccessful!", 1);
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (compressFiles == 1 && !decRunResult[0].endsWith(".gz")) {
+            gzipFile(decRunResult[0] + ".MIRA.it" + iteration);
+          }
+        } // if (!fake)
+      }
+
+      // ------------- end of saving .mira.it* files ---------------
+
+      int[] candCount = new int[numSentences];
+      int[] lastUsedIndex = new int[numSentences];
+
+      ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, int[]>[] suffStats_array = new ConcurrentHashMap[numSentences];
+      for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; ++i) {
+        candCount[i] = 0;
+        lastUsedIndex[i] = -1;
+        // suffStats_array[i].clear();
+        suffStats_array[i] = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, int[]>();
+      }
+
+      // initLambda[0] is not used!
+      double[] initialLambda = new double[1 + numParams];
+      for (int i = 1; i <= numParams; ++i)
+        initialLambda[i] = lambda.get(i);
+
+      // the "score" in initialScore refers to that
+      // assigned by the evaluation metric)
+
+      // you may consider all candidates from iter 1, or from iter (iteration-prevIts) to current
+      // iteration
+      int firstIt = Math.max(1, iteration - prevIts);
+      // i.e. only process candidates from the current iteration and candidates
+      // from up to prevIts previous iterations.
+      println("Reading candidate translations from iterations " + firstIt + "-" + iteration, 1);
+      println("(and computing " + metricName
+          + " sufficient statistics for previously unseen candidates)", 1);
+      print("  Progress: ");
+
+      int[] newCandidatesAdded = new int[1 + iteration];
+      for (int it = 1; it <= iteration; ++it)
+        newCandidatesAdded[it] = 0;
+
+      try {
+        // read temp files from all past iterations
+        // 3 types of temp files:
+        // 1. output hypo at iter i
+        // 2. feature value of each hypo at iter i
+        // 3. suff stats of each hypo at iter i
+
+        // each inFile corresponds to the output of an iteration
+        // (index 0 is not used; no corresponding index for the current iteration)
+        BufferedReader[] inFile_sents = new BufferedReader[iteration];
+        BufferedReader[] inFile_feats = new BufferedReader[iteration];
+        BufferedReader[] inFile_stats = new BufferedReader[iteration];
+
+        // temp file(array) from previous iterations
+        for (int it = firstIt; it < iteration; ++it) {
+          InputStream inStream_sents, inStream_feats, inStream_stats;
+          if (compressFiles == 0) {
+            inStream_sents = new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.sents.it" + it);
+            inStream_feats = new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.feats.it" + it);
+            inStream_stats = new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + it);
+          } else {
+            inStream_sents = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.sents.it"
+                + it + ".gz"));
+            inStream_feats = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.feats.it"
+                + it + ".gz"));
+            inStream_stats = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it"
+                + it + ".gz"));
+          }
+
+          inFile_sents[it] = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStream_sents, "utf8"));
+          inFile_feats[it] = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStream_feats, "utf8"));
+          inFile_stats[it] = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStream_stats, "utf8"));
+        }
+
+        InputStream inStream_sentsCurrIt, inStream_featsCurrIt, inStream_statsCurrIt;
+        // temp file for current iteration!
+        if (compressFiles == 0) {
+          inStream_sentsCurrIt = new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.sents.it" + iteration);
+          inStream_featsCurrIt = new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.feats.it" + iteration);
+        } else {
+          inStream_sentsCurrIt = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix
+              + "temp.sents.it" + iteration + ".gz"));
+          inStream_featsCurrIt = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix
+              + "temp.feats.it" + iteration + ".gz"));
+        }
+
+        BufferedReader inFile_sentsCurrIt = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+            inStream_sentsCurrIt, "utf8"));
+        BufferedReader inFile_featsCurrIt = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+            inStream_featsCurrIt, "utf8"));
+
+        BufferedReader inFile_statsCurrIt = null; // will only be used if statsCurrIt_exists below
+                                                  // is set to true
+        PrintWriter outFile_statsCurrIt = null; // will only be used if statsCurrIt_exists below is
+                                                // set to false
+
+        // just to check if temp.stat.it.iteration exists
+        boolean statsCurrIt_exists = false;
+
+        if (fileExists(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration)) {
+          inStream_statsCurrIt = new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration);
+          inFile_statsCurrIt = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStream_statsCurrIt,
+              "utf8"));
+          statsCurrIt_exists = true;
+          copyFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration, tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it"
+              + iteration + ".copy");
+        } else if (fileExists(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration + ".gz")) {
+          inStream_statsCurrIt = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix
+              + "temp.stats.it" + iteration + ".gz"));
+          inFile_statsCurrIt = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStream_statsCurrIt,
+              "utf8"));
+          statsCurrIt_exists = true;
+          copyFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration + ".gz", tmpDirPrefix
+              + "temp.stats.it" + iteration + ".copy.gz");
+        } else {
+          outFile_statsCurrIt = new PrintWriter(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration);
+        }
+
+        // output the 4^th temp file: *.temp.stats.merged
+        PrintWriter outFile_statsMerged = new PrintWriter(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.merged");
+        // write sufficient statistics from all the sentences
+        // from the output files into a single file
+        PrintWriter outFile_statsMergedKnown = new PrintWriter(tmpDirPrefix
+            + "temp.stats.mergedKnown");
+        // write sufficient statistics from all the sentences
+        // from the output files into a single file
+
+        // output the 5^th 6^th temp file, but will be deleted at the end of the function
+        FileOutputStream outStream_unknownCands = new FileOutputStream(tmpDirPrefix
+            + "temp.currIt.unknownCands", false);
+        OutputStreamWriter outStreamWriter_unknownCands = new OutputStreamWriter(
+            outStream_unknownCands, "utf8");
+        BufferedWriter outFile_unknownCands = new BufferedWriter(outStreamWriter_unknownCands);
+
+        PrintWriter outFile_unknownIndices = new PrintWriter(tmpDirPrefix
+            + "temp.currIt.unknownIndices");
+
+        String sents_str, feats_str, stats_str;
+
+        // BUG: this assumes a candidate string cannot be produced for two
+        // different source sentences, which is not necessarily true
+        // (It's not actually a bug, but only because existingCandStats gets
+        // cleared before moving to the next source sentence.)
+        // FIX: should be made an array, indexed by i
+        HashMap<String, String> existingCandStats = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        // VERY IMPORTANT:
+        // A CANDIDATE X MAY APPEARED IN ITER 1, ITER 3
+        // BUT IF THE USER SPECIFIED TO CONSIDER ITERATIONS FROM ONLY ITER 2, THEN
+        // X IS NOT A "REPEATED" CANDIDATE IN ITER 3. THEREFORE WE WANT TO KEEP THE
+        // SUFF STATS FOR EACH CANDIDATE(TO SAVE COMPUTATION IN THE FUTURE)
+
+        // Stores precalculated sufficient statistics for candidates, in case
+        // the same candidate is seen again. (SS stored as a String.)
+        // Q: Why do we care? If we see the same candidate again, aren't we going
+        // to ignore it? So, why do we care about the SS of this repeat candidate?
+        // A: A "repeat" candidate may not be a repeat candidate in later
+        // iterations if the user specifies a value for prevMERTIterations
+        // that causes MERT to skip candidates from early iterations.
+
+        double[] currFeatVal = new double[1 + numParams];
+        String[] featVal_str;
+
+        int totalCandidateCount = 0;
+
+        // new candidate size for each sentence
+        int[] sizeUnknown_currIt = new int[numSentences];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; ++i) {
+          // process candidates from previous iterations
+          // low efficiency? for each iteration, it reads in all previous iteration outputs
+          // therefore a lot of overlapping jobs
+          // this is an easy implementation to deal with the situation in which user only specified
+          // "previt" and hopes to consider only the previous previt
+          // iterations, then for each iteration the existing candadites will be different
+          for (int it = firstIt; it < iteration; ++it) {
+            // Why up to but *excluding* iteration?
+            // Because the last iteration is handled a little differently, since
+            // the SS must be calculated (and the corresponding file created),
+            // which is not true for previous iterations.
+
+            for (int n = 0; n <= sizeOfNBest; ++n) {
+              // note that in all temp files, "||||||" is a separator between 2 n-best lists
+
+              // Why up to and *including* sizeOfNBest?
+              // So that it would read the "||||||" separator even if there is
+              // a complete list of sizeOfNBest candidates.
+
+              // for the nth candidate for the ith sentence, read the sentence, feature values,
+              // and sufficient statistics from the various temp files
+
+              // read one line of temp.sent, temp.feat, temp.stats from iteration it
+              sents_str = inFile_sents[it].readLine();
+              feats_str = inFile_feats[it].readLine();
+              stats_str = inFile_stats[it].readLine();
+
+              if (sents_str.equals("||||||")) {
+                n = sizeOfNBest + 1; // move on to the next n-best list
+              } else if (!existingCandStats.containsKey(sents_str)) // if this candidate does not
+                                                                    // exist
+              {
+                outFile_statsMergedKnown.println(stats_str);
+
+                // save feats & stats
+                feat_hash[i].put(sents_str, feats_str);
+                stats_hash[i].put(sents_str, stats_str);
+
+                // extract feature value
+                featVal_str = feats_str.split("\\s+");
+
+                existingCandStats.put(sents_str, stats_str);
+                candCount[i] += 1;
+                newCandidatesAdded[it] += 1;
+
+              } // if unseen candidate
+            } // for (n)
+          } // for (it)
+
+          outFile_statsMergedKnown.println("||||||");
+
+          // ---------- end of processing previous iterations ----------
+          // ---------- now start processing new candidates ----------
+
+          // now process the candidates of the current iteration
+          // now determine the new candidates of the current iteration
+
+          /*
+           * remember: BufferedReader inFile_sentsCurrIt BufferedReader inFile_featsCurrIt
+           * PrintWriter outFile_statsCurrIt
+           */
+
+          String[] sentsCurrIt_currSrcSent = new String[sizeOfNBest + 1];
+
+          Vector<String> unknownCands_V = new Vector<String>();
+          // which candidates (of the i'th source sentence) have not been seen before
+          // this iteration?
+
+          for (int n = 0; n <= sizeOfNBest; ++n) {
+            // Why up to and *including* sizeOfNBest?
+            // So that it would read the "||||||" separator even if there is
+            // a complete list of sizeOfNBest candidates.
+
+            // for the nth candidate for the ith sentence, read the sentence,
+            // and store it in the sentsCurrIt_currSrcSent array
+
+            sents_str = inFile_sentsCurrIt.readLine(); // read one candidate from the current
+                                                       // iteration
+            sentsCurrIt_currSrcSent[n] = sents_str; // Note: possibly "||||||"
+
+            if (sents_str.equals("||||||")) {
+              n = sizeOfNBest + 1;
+            } else if (!existingCandStats.containsKey(sents_str)) {
+              unknownCands_V.add(sents_str); // NEW CANDIDATE FROM THIS ITERATION
+              writeLine(sents_str, outFile_unknownCands);
+              outFile_unknownIndices.println(i); // INDEX OF THE NEW CANDIDATES
+              newCandidatesAdded[iteration] += 1;
+              existingCandStats.put(sents_str, "U"); // i.e. unknown
+              // we add sents_str to avoid duplicate entries in unknownCands_V
+            }
+          } // for (n)
+
+          // only compute suff stats for new candidates
+          // now unknownCands_V has the candidates for which we need to calculate
+          // sufficient statistics (for the i'th source sentence)
+          int sizeUnknown = unknownCands_V.size();
+          sizeUnknown_currIt[i] = sizeUnknown;
+
+          existingCandStats.clear();
+
+        } // for (i) each sentence
+
+        // ---------- end of merging candidates stats from previous iterations
+        // and finding new candidates ------------
+
+        /*
+         * int[][] newSuffStats = null; if (!statsCurrIt_exists && sizeUnknown > 0) { newSuffStats =
+         * evalMetric.suffStats(unknownCands, indices); }
+         */
+
+        outFile_statsMergedKnown.close();
+        outFile_unknownCands.close();
+        outFile_unknownIndices.close();
+
+        // want to re-open all temp files and start from scratch again?
+        for (int it = firstIt; it < iteration; ++it) // previous iterations temp files
+        {
+          inFile_sents[it].close();
+          inFile_stats[it].close();
+
+          InputStream inStream_sents, inStream_stats;
+          if (compressFiles == 0) {
+            inStream_sents = new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.sents.it" + it);
+            inStream_stats = new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + it);
+          } else {
+            inStream_sents = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.sents.it"
+                + it + ".gz"));
+            inStream_stats = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it"
+                + it + ".gz"));
+          }
+
+          inFile_sents[it] = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStream_sents, "utf8"));
+          inFile_stats[it] = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStream_stats, "utf8"));
+        }
+
+        inFile_sentsCurrIt.close();
+        // current iteration temp files
+        if (compressFiles == 0) {
+          inStream_sentsCurrIt = new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.sents.it" + iteration);
+        } else {
+          inStream_sentsCurrIt = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix
+              + "temp.sents.it" + iteration + ".gz"));
+        }
+        inFile_sentsCurrIt = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStream_sentsCurrIt, "utf8"));
+
+        // calculate SS for unseen candidates and write them to file
+        FileInputStream inStream_statsCurrIt_unknown = null;
+        BufferedReader inFile_statsCurrIt_unknown = null;
+
+        if (!statsCurrIt_exists && newCandidatesAdded[iteration] > 0) {
+          // create the file...
+          evalMetric.createSuffStatsFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.currIt.unknownCands", tmpDirPrefix
+              + "temp.currIt.unknownIndices", tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.unknown", sizeOfNBest);
+
+          // ...and open it
+          inStream_statsCurrIt_unknown = new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.unknown");
+          inFile_statsCurrIt_unknown = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+              inStream_statsCurrIt_unknown, "utf8"));
+        }
+
+        // open mergedKnown file
+        // newly created by the big loop above
+        FileInputStream instream_statsMergedKnown = new FileInputStream(tmpDirPrefix
+            + "temp.stats.mergedKnown");
+        BufferedReader inFile_statsMergedKnown = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+            instream_statsMergedKnown, "utf8"));
+
+        // num of features before observing new firing features from this iteration
+        numParamsOld = numParams;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; ++i) {
+          // reprocess candidates from previous iterations
+          for (int it = firstIt; it < iteration; ++it) {
+            for (int n = 0; n <= sizeOfNBest; ++n) {
+              sents_str = inFile_sents[it].readLine();
+              stats_str = inFile_stats[it].readLine();
+
+              if (sents_str.equals("||||||")) {
+                n = sizeOfNBest + 1;
+              } else if (!existingCandStats.containsKey(sents_str)) {
+                existingCandStats.put(sents_str, stats_str);
+              } // if unseen candidate
+            } // for (n)
+          } // for (it)
+
+          // copy relevant portion from mergedKnown to the merged file
+          String line_mergedKnown = inFile_statsMergedKnown.readLine();
+          while (!line_mergedKnown.equals("||||||")) {
+            outFile_statsMerged.println(line_mergedKnown);
+            line_mergedKnown = inFile_statsMergedKnown.readLine();
+          }
+
+          int[] stats = new int[suffStatsCount];
+
+          for (int n = 0; n <= sizeOfNBest; ++n) {
+            sents_str = inFile_sentsCurrIt.readLine();
+            feats_str = inFile_featsCurrIt.readLine();
+
+            if (sents_str.equals("||||||")) {
+              n = sizeOfNBest + 1;
+            } else if (!existingCandStats.containsKey(sents_str)) {
+
+              if (!statsCurrIt_exists) {
+                stats_str = inFile_statsCurrIt_unknown.readLine();
+
+                String[] temp_stats = stats_str.split("\\s+");
+                for (int s = 0; s < suffStatsCount; ++s) {
+                  stats[s] = Integer.parseInt(temp_stats[s]);
+                }
+
+                outFile_statsCurrIt.println(stats_str);
+              } else {
+                stats_str = inFile_statsCurrIt.readLine();
+
+                String[] temp_stats = stats_str.split("\\s+");
+                for (int s = 0; s < suffStatsCount; ++s) {
+                  stats[s] = Integer.parseInt(temp_stats[s]);
+                }
+              }
+
+              outFile_statsMerged.println(stats_str);
+
+              // save feats & stats
+              // System.out.println(sents_str+" "+feats_str);
+
+              feat_hash[i].put(sents_str, feats_str);
+              stats_hash[i].put(sents_str, stats_str);
+
+              featVal_str = feats_str.split("\\s+");
+
+              if (feats_str.indexOf('=') != -1) {
+                for (String featurePair : featVal_str) {
+                  String[] pair = featurePair.split("=");
+                  String name = pair[0];
+                  Double value = Double.parseDouble(pair[1]);
+                  int featId = Vocabulary.id(name);
+
+                  // need to identify newly fired feats here
+                  // in this case currFeatVal is not given the value
+                  // of the new feat, since the corresponding weight is
+                  // initialized as zero anyway
+                  if (featId > numParams) {
+                    ++numParams;
+                    lambda.add(new Double(0));
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+              existingCandStats.put(sents_str, stats_str);
+              candCount[i] += 1;
+
+              // newCandidatesAdded[iteration] += 1;
+              // moved to code above detecting new candidates
+            } else {
+              if (statsCurrIt_exists)
+                inFile_statsCurrIt.readLine();
+              else {
+                // write SS to outFile_statsCurrIt
+                stats_str = existingCandStats.get(sents_str);
+                outFile_statsCurrIt.println(stats_str);
+              }
+            }
+
+          } // for (n)
+
+          // now d = sizeUnknown_currIt[i] - 1
+
+          if (statsCurrIt_exists)
+            inFile_statsCurrIt.readLine();
+          else
+            outFile_statsCurrIt.println("||||||");
+
+          existingCandStats.clear();
+          totalCandidateCount += candCount[i];
+
+          // output sentence progress
+          if ((i + 1) % 500 == 0) {
+            print((i + 1) + "\n" + "            ", 1);
+          } else if ((i + 1) % 100 == 0) {
+            print("+", 1);
+          } else if ((i + 1) % 25 == 0) {
+            print(".", 1);
+          }
+
+        } // for (i)
+
+        inFile_statsMergedKnown.close();
+        outFile_statsMerged.close();
+
+        // for testing
+        /*
+         * int total_sent = 0; for( int i=0; i<numSentences; i++ ) {
+         * System.out.println(feat_hash[i].size()+" "+candCount[i]); total_sent +=
+         * feat_hash[i].size(); feat_hash[i].clear(); }
+         * System.out.println("----------------total sent: "+total_sent); total_sent = 0; for( int
+         * i=0; i<numSentences; i++ ) { System.out.println(stats_hash[i].size()+" "+candCount[i]);
+         * total_sent += stats_hash[i].size(); stats_hash[i].clear(); }
+         * System.out.println("*****************total sent: "+total_sent);
+         */
+
+        println("", 1); // finish progress line
+
+        for (int it = firstIt; it < iteration; ++it) {
+          inFile_sents[it].close();
+          inFile_feats[it].close();
+          inFile_stats[it].close();
+        }
+
+        inFile_sentsCurrIt.close();
+        inFile_featsCurrIt.close();
+        if (statsCurrIt_exists)
+          inFile_statsCurrIt.close();
+        else
+          outFile_statsCurrIt.close();
+
+        if (compressFiles == 1 && !statsCurrIt_exists) {
+          gzipFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.it" + iteration);
+        }
+
+        // clear temp files
+        deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.currIt.unknownCands");
+        deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.currIt.unknownIndices");
+        deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.unknown");
+        deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.mergedKnown");
+
+        // cleanupMemory();
+
+        println("Processed " + totalCandidateCount + " distinct candidates " + "(about "
+            + totalCandidateCount / numSentences + " per sentence):", 1);
+        for (int it = firstIt; it <= iteration; ++it) {
+          println("newCandidatesAdded[it=" + it + "] = " + newCandidatesAdded[it] + " (about "
+              + newCandidatesAdded[it] / numSentences + " per sentence)", 1);
+        }
+
+        println("", 1);
+
+        println("Number of features observed so far: " + numParams);
+        println("", 1);
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+
+      // n-best list converges
+      if (newCandidatesAdded[iteration] == 0) {
+        if (!oneModificationPerIteration) {
+          println("No new candidates added in this iteration; exiting MIRA.", 1);
+          println("", 1);
+          println("---  MIRA iteration #" + iteration + " ending @ " + (new Date()) + "  ---", 1);
+          println("", 1);
+          deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.merged");
+
+          if (returnBest) {
+            // note that bestLambda.size() <= lambda.size()
+            for (int p = 1; p < bestLambda.size(); ++p)
+              lambda.set(p, bestLambda.get(p));
+            // and set the rest of lambda to be 0
+            for (int p = 0; p < lambda.size() - bestLambda.size(); ++p)
+              lambda.set(p + bestLambda.size(), new Double(0));
+          }
+
+          return null; // this means that the old values should be kept by the caller
+        } else {
+          println("Note: No new candidates added in this iteration.", 1);
+        }
+      }
+
+      /************* start optimization **************/
+
+      /*
+       * for( int v=1; v<initialLambda[1].length; v++ ) System.out.print(initialLambda[1][v]+" ");
+       * System.exit(0);
+       */
+
+      Optimizer.sentNum = numSentences; // total number of training sentences
+      Optimizer.needShuffle = needShuffle;
+      Optimizer.miraIter = miraIter;
+      Optimizer.oraSelectMode = oraSelectMode;
+      Optimizer.predSelectMode = predSelectMode;
+      Optimizer.runPercep = runPercep;
+      Optimizer.C = C;
+      Optimizer.needAvg = needAvg;
+      // Optimizer.sentForScale = sentForScale;
+      Optimizer.scoreRatio = scoreRatio;
+      Optimizer.evalMetric = evalMetric;
+      Optimizer.normalizationOptions = normalizationOptions;
+      Optimizer.needScale = needScale;
+      Optimizer.batchSize = batchSize;
+
+      // if need to use bleu stats history
+      if (iteration == 1) {
+        if (evalMetric.get_metricName().equals("BLEU") && usePseudoBleu) {
+          Optimizer.initBleuHistory(numSentences, evalMetric.get_suffStatsCount());
+          Optimizer.usePseudoBleu = usePseudoBleu;
+          Optimizer.R = R;
+        }
+        if (evalMetric.get_metricName().equals("TER-BLEU") && usePseudoBleu) {
+          Optimizer.initBleuHistory(numSentences, evalMetric.get_suffStatsCount() - 2); // Stats
+                                                                                        // count of
+                                                                                        // TER=2
+          Optimizer.usePseudoBleu = usePseudoBleu;
+          Optimizer.R = R;
+        }
+      }
+
+      Vector<String> output = new Vector<String>();
+
+      // note: initialLambda[] has length = numParamsOld
+      // augmented with new feature weights, initial values are 0
+      double[] initialLambdaNew = new double[1 + numParams];
+      System.arraycopy(initialLambda, 1, initialLambdaNew, 1, numParamsOld);
+
+      // finalLambda[] has length = numParams (considering new features)
+      double[] finalLambda = new double[1 + numParams];
+
+      Optimizer opt = new Optimizer(output, isOptimizable, initialLambdaNew, feat_hash, stats_hash);
+      finalLambda = opt.runOptimizer();
+
+      if (returnBest) {
+        double metricScore = opt.getMetricScore();
+        if (!evalMetric.getToBeMinimized()) {
+          if (metricScore > prevMetricScore) {
+            prevMetricScore = metricScore;
+            for (int p = 1; p < bestLambda.size(); ++p)
+              bestLambda.set(p, finalLambda[p]);
+            if (1 + numParams > bestLambda.size()) {
+              for (int p = bestLambda.size(); p <= numParams; ++p)
+                bestLambda.add(p, finalLambda[p]);
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (metricScore < prevMetricScore) {
+            prevMetricScore = metricScore;
+            for (int p = 1; p < bestLambda.size(); ++p)
+              bestLambda.set(p, finalLambda[p]);
+            if (1 + numParams > bestLambda.size()) {
+              for (int p = bestLambda.size(); p <= numParams; ++p)
+                bestLambda.add(p, finalLambda[p]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // System.out.println(finalLambda.length);
+      // for( int i=0; i<finalLambda.length-1; i++ )
+      // System.out.println(finalLambda[i+1]);
+
+      /************* end optimization **************/
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < output.size(); i++)
+        println(output.get(i));
+
+      // check if any parameter has been updated
+      boolean anyParamChanged = false;
+      boolean anyParamChangedSignificantly = false;
+
+      for (int c = 1; c <= numParams; ++c) {
+        if (finalLambda[c] != lambda.get(c)) {
+          anyParamChanged = true;
+        }
+        if (Math.abs(finalLambda[c] - lambda.get(c)) > stopSigValue) {
+          anyParamChangedSignificantly = true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // System.arraycopy(finalLambda,1,lambda,1,numParams);
+
+      println("---  MIRA iteration #" + iteration + " ending @ " + (new Date()) + "  ---", 1);
+      println("", 1);
+
+      if (!anyParamChanged) {
+        println("No parameter value changed in this iteration; exiting MIRA.", 1);
+        println("", 1);
+        break; // exit for (iteration) loop preemptively
+      }
+
+      // was an early stopping criterion satisfied?
+      boolean critSatisfied = false;
+      if (!anyParamChangedSignificantly && stopSigValue >= 0) {
+        println("Note: No parameter value changed significantly " + "(i.e. by more than "
+            + stopSigValue + ") in this iteration.", 1);
+        critSatisfied = true;
+      }
+
+      if (critSatisfied) {
+        ++earlyStop;
+        println("", 1);
+      } else {
+        earlyStop = 0;
+      }
+
+      // if min number of iterations executed, investigate if early exit should happen
+      if (iteration >= minIts && earlyStop >= stopMinIts) {
+        println("Some early stopping criteria has been observed " + "in " + stopMinIts
+            + " consecutive iterations; exiting MIRA.", 1);
+        println("", 1);
+
+        if (returnBest) {
+          for (int f = 1; f <= bestLambda.size() - 1; ++f)
+            lambda.set(f, bestLambda.get(f));
+        } else {
+          for (int f = 1; f <= numParams; ++f)
+            lambda.set(f, finalLambda[f]);
+        }
+
+        break; // exit for (iteration) loop preemptively
+      }
+
+      // if max number of iterations executed, exit
+      if (iteration >= maxIts) {
+        println("Maximum number of MIRA iterations reached; exiting MIRA.", 1);
+        println("", 1);
+
+        if (returnBest) {
+          for (int f = 1; f <= bestLambda.size() - 1; ++f)
+            lambda.set(f, bestLambda.get(f));
+        } else {
+          for (int f = 1; f <= numParams; ++f)
+            lambda.set(f, finalLambda[f]);
+        }
+
+        break; // exit for (iteration) loop
+      }
+
+      // use the new wt vector to decode the next iteration
+      // (interpolation with previous wt vector)
+      double interCoef = 1.0; // no interpolation for now
+      for (int i = 1; i <= numParams; i++)
+        lambda.set(i, interCoef * finalLambda[i] + (1 - interCoef) * lambda.get(i).doubleValue());
+
+      println("Next iteration will decode with lambda: " + lambdaToString(lambda), 1);
+      println("", 1);
+
+      // printMemoryUsage();
+      for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; ++i) {
+        suffStats_array[i].clear();
+      }
+      // cleanupMemory();
+      // println("",2);
+
+      retA[2] = 0; // i.e. this should NOT be the last iteration
+      done = true;
+
+    } // while (!done) // NOTE: this "loop" will only be carried out once
+
+    // delete .temp.stats.merged file, since it is not needed in the next
+    // iteration (it will be recreated from scratch)
+    deleteFile(tmpDirPrefix + "temp.stats.merged");
+
+    retA[0] = FINAL_score;
+    retA[1] = earlyStop;
+    return retA;
+
+  } // run_single_iteration
+
+  private String lambdaToString(ArrayList<Double> lambdaA) {
+    String retStr = "{";
+    int featToPrint = numParams > 15 ? 15 : numParams;
+    // print at most the first 15 features
+
+    retStr += "(listing the first " + featToPrint + " lambdas)";
+    for (int c = 1; c <= featToPrint - 1; ++c) {
+      retStr += "" + String.format("%.4f", lambdaA.get(c).doubleValue()) + ", ";
+    }
+    retStr += "" + String.format("%.4f", lambdaA.get(numParams).doubleValue()) + "}";
+
+    return retStr;
+  }
+
+  private String[] run_decoder(int iteration) {
+    String[] retSA = new String[2];
+
+    // retsa saves the output file name(nbest-file)
+    // and the decoder type
+
+    // [0] name of file to be processed
+    // [1] indicates how the output file was obtained:
+    // 1: external decoder
+    // 2: fake decoder
+    // 3: internal decoder
+
+    // use fake decoder
+    if (fakeFileNameTemplate != null
+        && fileExists(fakeFileNamePrefix + iteration + fakeFileNameSuffix)) {
+      String fakeFileName = fakeFileNamePrefix + iteration + fakeFileNameSuffix;
+      println("Not running decoder; using " + fakeFileName + " instead.", 1);
+      /*
+       * if (fakeFileName.endsWith(".gz")) { copyFile(fakeFileName,decoderOutFileName+".gz");
+       * gunzipFile(decoderOutFileName+".gz"); } else { copyFile(fakeFileName,decoderOutFileName); }
+       */
+      retSA[0] = fakeFileName;
+      retSA[1] = "2";
+
+    } else {
+      println("Running external decoder...", 1);
+
+      try {
+        ArrayList<String> cmd = new ArrayList<String>();
+        cmd.add(decoderCommandFileName);
+
+        if (passIterationToDecoder)
+          cmd.add(Integer.toString(iteration));
+
+        ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(cmd);
+        // this merges the error and output streams of the subprocess
+        pb.redirectErrorStream(true);
+        Process p = pb.start();
+
+        // capture the sub-command's output
+        new StreamGobbler(p.getInputStream(), decVerbosity).start();
+
+        int decStatus = p.waitFor();
+        if (decStatus != validDecoderExitValue) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("Call to decoder returned " + decStatus + "; was expecting "
+              + validDecoderExitValue + ".");
+        }
+      } catch (IOException| InterruptedException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+
+      retSA[0] = decoderOutFileName;
+      retSA[1] = "1";
+
+    }
+
+    return retSA;
+  }
+
+  private void produceTempFiles(String nbestFileName, int iteration) {
+    try {
+      String sentsFileName = tmpDirPrefix + "temp.sents.it" + iteration;
+      String featsFileName = tmpDirPrefix + "temp.feats.it" + iteration;
+
+      FileOutputStream outStream_sents = new FileOutputStream(sentsFileName, false);
+      OutputStreamWriter outStreamWriter_sents = new OutputStreamWriter(outStream_sents, "utf8");
+      BufferedWriter outFile_sents = new BufferedWriter(outStreamWriter_sents);
+
+      PrintWriter outFile_feats = new PrintWriter(featsFileName);
+
+      InputStream inStream_nbest = null;
+      if (nbestFileName.endsWith(".gz")) {
+        inStream_nbest = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(nbestFileName));
+      } else {
+        inStream_nbest = new FileInputStream(nbestFileName);
+      }
+      BufferedReader inFile_nbest = new BufferedReader(
+          new InputStreamReader(inStream_nbest, "utf8"));
+
+      String line; // , prevLine;
+      String candidate_str = "";
+      String feats_str = "";
+
+      int i = 0;
+      int n = 0;
+      line = inFile_nbest.readLine();
+
+      while (line != null) {
+
+        /*
+         * line format:
+         * 
+         * i ||| words of candidate translation . ||| feat-1_val feat-2_val ... feat-numParams_val
+         * .*
+         */
+
+        // in a well formed file, we'd find the nth candidate for the ith sentence
+
+        int read_i = Integer.parseInt((line.substring(0, line.indexOf("|||"))).trim());
+
+        if (read_i != i) {
+          writeLine("||||||", outFile_sents);
+          outFile_feats.println("||||||");
+          n = 0;
+          ++i;
+        }
+
+        line = (line.substring(line.indexOf("|||") + 3)).trim(); // get rid of initial text
+
+        candidate_str = (line.substring(0, line.indexOf("|||"))).trim();
+        feats_str = (line.substring(line.indexOf("|||") + 3)).trim();
+        // get rid of candidate string
+
+        int junk_i = feats_str.indexOf("|||");
+        if (junk_i >= 0) {
+          feats_str = (feats_str.substring(0, junk_i)).trim();
+        }
+
+        writeLine(normalize(candidate_str, textNormMethod), outFile_sents);
+        outFile_feats.println(feats_str);
+
+        ++n;
+        if (n == sizeOfNBest) {
+          writeLine("||||||", outFile_sents);
+          outFile_feats.println("||||||");
+          n = 0;
+          ++i;
+        }
+
+        line = inFile_nbest.readLine();
+      }
+
+      if (i != numSentences) { // last sentence had too few candidates
+        writeLine("||||||", outFile_sents);
+        outFile_feats.println("||||||");
+      }
+
+      inFile_nbest.close();
+      outFile_sents.close();
+      outFile_feats.close();
+
+      if (compressFiles == 1) {
+        gzipFile(sentsFileName);
+        gzipFile(featsFileName);
+      }
+
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private void createConfigFile(ArrayList<Double> params, String cfgFileName,
+      String templateFileName) {
+    try {
+      // i.e. create cfgFileName, which is similar to templateFileName, but with
+      // params[] as parameter values
+
+      BufferedReader inFile = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(templateFileName));
+      PrintWriter outFile = new PrintWriter(cfgFileName);
+
+      BufferedReader inFeatDefFile = null;
+      PrintWriter outFeatDefFile = null;
+      int origFeatNum = 0; // feat num in the template file
+
+      String line = inFile.readLine();
+      while (line != null) {
+        int c_match = -1;
+        for (int c = 1; c <= numParams; ++c) {
+          if (line.startsWith(Vocabulary.word(c) + " ")) {
+            c_match = c;
+            ++origFeatNum;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (c_match == -1) {
+          outFile.println(line);
+        } else {
+          if (Math.abs(params.get(c_match).doubleValue()) > 1e-20)
+            outFile.println(Vocabulary.word(c_match) + " " + params.get(c_match));
+        }
+
+        line = inFile.readLine();
+      }
+
+      // now append weights of new features
+      for (int c = origFeatNum + 1; c <= numParams; ++c) {
+        if (Math.abs(params.get(c).doubleValue()) > 1e-20)
+          outFile.println(Vocabulary.word(c) + " " + params.get(c));
+      }
+
+      inFile.close();
+      outFile.close();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void processParamFile() {
+    // process parameter file
+    Scanner inFile_init = null;
+    try {
+      inFile_init = new Scanner(new FileReader(paramsFileName));
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+
+    String dummy = "";
+
+    // initialize lambda[] and other related arrays
+    for (int c = 1; c <= numParams; ++c) {
+      // skip parameter name
+      while (!dummy.equals("|||")) {
+        dummy = inFile_init.next();
+      }
+
+      // read default value
+      lambda.set(c, inFile_init.nextDouble());
+      defaultLambda[c] = lambda.get(c).doubleValue();
+
+      // read isOptimizable
+      dummy = inFile_init.next();
+      if (dummy.equals("Opt")) {
+        isOptimizable[c] = true;
+      } else if (dummy.equals("Fix")) {
+        isOptimizable[c] = false;
+      } else {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unknown isOptimizable string " + dummy + " (must be either Opt or Fix)");
+      }
+
+      if (!isOptimizable[c]) { // skip next two values
+        dummy = inFile_init.next();
+        dummy = inFile_init.next();
+        dummy = inFile_init.next();
+        dummy = inFile_init.next();
+      } else {
+        // the next two values are not used, only to be consistent with ZMERT's params file format
+        dummy = inFile_init.next();
+        dummy = inFile_init.next();
+        // set minRandValue[c] and maxRandValue[c] (range for random values)
+        dummy = inFile_init.next();
+        if (dummy.equals("-Inf") || dummy.equals("+Inf")) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("minRandValue[" + c + "] cannot be -Inf or +Inf!");
+        } else {
+          minRandValue[c] = Double.parseDouble(dummy);
+        }
+
+        dummy = inFile_init.next();
+        if (dummy.equals("-Inf") || dummy.equals("+Inf")) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("maxRandValue[" + c + "] cannot be -Inf or +Inf!");
+        } else {
+          maxRandValue[c] = Double.parseDouble(dummy);
+        }
+
+        // check for illogical values
+        if (minRandValue[c] > maxRandValue[c]) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("minRandValue[" + c + "]=" + minRandValue[c]
+              + " > " + maxRandValue[c] + "=maxRandValue[" + c + "]!");
+        }
+
+        // check for odd values
+        if (minRandValue[c] == maxRandValue[c]) {
+          println("Warning: lambda[" + c + "] has " + "minRandValue = maxRandValue = "
+              + minRandValue[c] + ".", 1);
+        }
+      } // if (!isOptimizable[c])
+
+      /*
+       * precision[c] = inFile_init.nextDouble(); if (precision[c] < 0) { println("precision[" + c +
+       * "]=" + precision[c] + " < 0!  Must be non-negative."); System.exit(21); }
+       */
+
+    }
+
+    // set normalizationOptions[]
+    String origLine = "";
+    while (origLine != null && origLine.length() == 0) {
+      origLine = inFile_init.nextLine();
+    }
+
+    // How should a lambda[] vector be normalized (before decoding)?
+    // nO[0] = 0: no normalization
+    // nO[0] = 1: scale so that parameter nO[2] has absolute value nO[1]
+    // nO[0] = 2: scale so that the maximum absolute value is nO[1]
+    // nO[0] = 3: scale so that the minimum absolute value is nO[1]
+    // nO[0] = 4: scale so that the L-nO[1] norm equals nO[2]
+
+    // normalization = none
+    // normalization = absval 1 lm
+    // normalization = maxabsval 1
+    // normalization = minabsval 1
+    // normalization = LNorm 2 1
+
+    dummy = (origLine.substring(origLine.indexOf("=") + 1)).trim();
+    String[] dummyA = dummy.split("\\s+");
+
+    if (dummyA[0].equals("none")) {
+      normalizationOptions[0] = 0;
+    } else if (dummyA[0].equals("absval")) {
+      normalizationOptions[0] = 1;
+      normalizationOptions[1] = Double.parseDouble(dummyA[1]);
+      String pName = dummyA[2];
+      for (int i = 3; i < dummyA.length; ++i) { // in case parameter name has multiple words
+        pName = pName + " " + dummyA[i];
+      }
+      normalizationOptions[2] = Vocabulary.id(pName);
+
+      if (normalizationOptions[1] <= 0) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Value for the absval normalization method must be positive.");
+      }
+      if (normalizationOptions[2] == 0) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unrecognized feature name " + normalizationOptions[2]
+            + " for absval normalization method.");
+      }
+    } else if (dummyA[0].equals("maxabsval")) {
+      normalizationOptions[0] = 2;
+      normalizationOptions[1] = Double.parseDouble(dummyA[1]);
+      if (normalizationOptions[1] <= 0) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Value for the maxabsval normalization method must be positive.");
+      }
+    } else if (dummyA[0].equals("minabsval")) {
+      normalizationOptions[0] = 3;
+      normalizationOptions[1] = Double.parseDouble(dummyA[1]);
+      if (normalizationOptions[1] <= 0) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Value for the minabsval normalization method must be positive.");
+      }
+    } else if (dummyA[0].equals("LNorm")) {
+      normalizationOptions[0] = 4;
+      normalizationOptions[1] = Double.parseDouble(dummyA[1]);
+      normalizationOptions[2] = Double.parseDouble(dummyA[2]);
+      if (normalizationOptions[1] <= 0 || normalizationOptions[2] <= 0) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Both values for the LNorm normalization method must be"
+            + " positive.");
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Unrecognized normalization method " + dummyA[0] + "; "
+          + "must be one of none, absval, maxabsval, and LNorm.");
+    } // if (dummyA[0])
+
+    inFile_init.close();
+  } // processParamFile()
+
+  private void processDocInfo() {
+    // sets numDocuments and docOfSentence[]
+    docOfSentence = new int[numSentences];
+
+    if (docInfoFileName == null) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; ++i)
+        docOfSentence[i] = 0;
+      numDocuments = 1;
+    } else {
+
+      try {
+
+        // 4 possible formats:
+        // 1) List of numbers, one per document, indicating # sentences in each document.
+        // 2) List of "docName size" pairs, one per document, indicating name of document and #
+        // sentences.
+        // 3) List of docName's, one per sentence, indicating which doument each sentence belongs
+        // to.
+        // 4) List of docName_number's, one per sentence, indicating which doument each sentence
+        // belongs to,
+        // and its order in that document. (can also use '-' instead of '_')
+
+        int docInfoSize = countNonEmptyLines(docInfoFileName);
+
+        if (docInfoSize < numSentences) { // format #1 or #2
+          numDocuments = docInfoSize;
+          int i = 0;
+
+          BufferedReader inFile = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(docInfoFileName));
+          String line = inFile.readLine();
+          boolean format1 = (!(line.contains(" ")));
+
+          for (int doc = 0; doc < numDocuments; ++doc) {
+
+            if (doc != 0)
+              line = inFile.readLine();
+
+            int docSize = 0;
+            if (format1) {
+              docSize = Integer.parseInt(line);
+            } else {
+              docSize = Integer.parseInt(line.split("\\s+")[1]);
+            }
+
+            for (int i2 = 1; i2 <= docSize; ++i2) {
+              docOfSentence[i] = doc;
+              ++i;
+            }
+
+          }
+
+          // now i == numSentences
+
+          inFile.close();
+
+        } else if (docInfoSize == numSentences) { // format #3 or #4
+
+          boolean format3 = false;
+
+          HashSet<String> seenStrings = new HashSet<String>();
+          BufferedReader inFile = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(docInfoFileName));
+          for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; ++i) {
+            // set format3 = true if a duplicate is found
+            String line = inFile.readLine();
+            if (seenStrings.contains(line))
+              format3 = true;
+            seenStrings.add(line);
+          }
+
+          inFile.close();
+
+          HashSet<String> seenDocNames = new HashSet<String>();
+          HashMap<String, Integer> docOrder = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
+          // maps a document name to the order (0-indexed) in which it was seen
+
+          inFile = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(docInfoFileName));
+          for (int i = 0; i < numSentences; ++i) {
+            String line = inFile.readLine();
+
+            String docName = "";
+            if (format3) {
+              docName = line;
+            } else {
+              int sep_i = Math.max(line.lastIndexOf('_'), line.lastIndexOf('-'));
+              docName = line.substring(0, sep_i);
+            }
+
+            if (!seenDocNames.contains(docName)) {
+              seenDocNames.add(docName);
+              docOrder.put(docName, seenDocNames.size() - 1);
+            }
+
+            int docOrder_i = docOrder.get(docName);
+
+            docOfSentence[i] = docOrder_i;
+
+          }
+
+          inFile.close();
+
+          numDocuments = seenDocNames.size();
+
+        } else { // badly formatted
+
+        }
+
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private boolean copyFile(String origFileName, String newFileName) {
+    try {
+      File inputFile = new File(origFileName);
+      File outputFile = new File(newFileName);
+
+      InputStream in = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
+      OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
+
+      byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
+      int len;
+      while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
+        out.write(buffer, 0, len);
+      }
+      in.close();
+      out.close();
+
+      /*
+       * InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(new File(origFileName)); BufferedReader inFile =
+       * new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStream, "utf8"));
+       * 
+       * FileOutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(newFileName, false); OutputStreamWriter
+       * outStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outStream, "utf8"); BufferedWriter outFile = new
+       * BufferedWriter(outStreamWriter);
+       * 
+       * String line; while(inFile.ready()) { line = inFile.readLine(); writeLine(line, outFile); }
+       * 
+       * inFile.close(); outFile.close();
+       */
+      return true;
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      LOG.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void renameFile(String origFileName, String newFileName) {
+    if (fileExists(origFileName)) {
+      deleteFile(newFileName);
+      File oldFile = new File(origFileName);
+      File newFile = new File(newFileName);
+      if (!oldFile.renameTo(newFile)) {
+        println("Warning: attempt to rename " + origFileName + " to " + newFileName
+            + " was unsuccessful!", 1);
+      }
+    } else {
+      println("Warning: file " + origFileName + " does not exist! (in MIRACore.renameFile)", 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void deleteFile(String fileName) {
+    if (fileExists(fileName)) {
+      File fd = new File(fileName);
+      if (!fd.delete()) {
+        println("Warning: attempt to delete " + fileName + " was unsuccessful!", 1);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void writeLine(String line, BufferedWriter writer) throws IOException {
+    writer.write(line, 0, line.length());
+    writer.newLine();
+    writer.flush();
+  }
+
+  // need to re-write to handle different forms of lambda
+  public void finish() {
+    if (myDecoder != null) {
+      myDecoder.cleanUp();
+    }
+
+    // create config file with final values
+    createConfigFile(lambda, decoderConfigFileName + ".MIRA.final", decoderConfigFileName
+        + ".MIRA.orig");
+
+    // delete current decoder config file and decoder output
+    deleteFile(decoderConfigFileName);
+    deleteFile(decoderOutFileName);
+
+    // restore original name for config file (name was changed
+    // in initialize() so it doesn't get overwritten)
+    renameFile(decoderConfigFileName + ".MIRA.orig", decoderConfigFileName);
+
+    if (finalLambdaFileName != null) {
+      try {
+        PrintWriter outFile_lambdas = new PrintWriter(finalLambdaFileName);
+        for (int c = 1; c <= numParams; ++c) {
+          outFile_lambdas.println(Vocabulary.word(c) + " ||| " + lambda.get(c).doubleValue());
+        }
+        outFile_lambdas.close();
+
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private String[] cfgFileToArgsArray(String fileName) {
+    checkFile(fileName);
+
+    Vector<String> argsVector = new Vector<String>();
+
+    BufferedReader inFile = null;
+    try {
+      inFile = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName));
+      String line, origLine;
+      do {
+        line = inFile.readLine();
+        origLine = line; // for error reporting purposes
+
+        if (line != null && line.length() > 0 && line.charAt(0) != '#') {
+
+          if (line.indexOf("#") != -1) { // discard comment
+            line = line.substring(0, line.indexOf("#"));
+          }
+
+          line = line.trim();
+
+          // now line should look like "-xxx XXX"
+
+          /*
+           * OBSOLETE MODIFICATION //SPECIAL HANDLING FOR MIRA CLASSIFIER PARAMETERS String[] paramA
+           * = line.split("\\s+");
+           * 
+           * if( paramA[0].equals("-classifierParams") ) { String classifierParam = ""; for(int p=1;
+           * p<=paramA.length-1; p++) classifierParam += paramA[p]+" ";
+           * 
+           * if(paramA.length>=2) { String[] tmpParamA = new String[2]; tmpParamA[0] = paramA[0];
+           * tmpParamA[1] = classifierParam; paramA = tmpParamA; } else {
+           * println("Malformed line in config file:"); println(origLine); System.exit(70); } }//END
+           * MODIFICATION
+           */
+
+          // cmu modification(from meteor for zmert)
+          // Parse args
+          ArrayList<String> argList = new ArrayList<String>();
+          StringBuilder arg = new StringBuilder();
+          boolean quoted = false;
+          for (int i = 0; i < line.length(); i++) {
+            if (Character.isWhitespace(line.charAt(i))) {
+              if (quoted)
+                arg.append(line.charAt(i));
+              else if (arg.length() > 0) {
+                argList.add(arg.toString());
+                arg = new StringBuilder();
+              }
+            } else if (line.charAt(i) == '\'') {
+              if (quoted) {
+                argList.add(arg.toString());
+                arg = new StringBuilder();
+              }
+              quoted = !quoted;
+            } else
+              arg.append(line.charAt(i));
+          }
+          if (arg.length() > 0)
+            argList.add(arg.toString());
+          // Create paramA
+          String[] paramA = new String[argList.size()];
+          for (int i = 0; i < paramA.length; paramA[i] = argList.get(i++))
+            ;
+          // END CMU MODIFICATION
+
+          if (paramA.length == 2 && paramA[0].charAt(0) == '-') {
+            argsVector.add(paramA[0]);
+            argsVector.add(paramA[1]);
+          } else if (paramA.length > 2 && (paramA[0].equals("-m") || paramA[0].equals("-docSet"))) {
+            // -m (metricName), -docSet are allowed to have extra optinos
+            for (int opt = 0; opt < paramA.length; ++opt) {
+              argsVector.add(paramA[opt]);
+            }
+          } else {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Malformed line in config file:" + origLine);
+          }
+
+        }
+      } while (line != null);
+
+      inFile.close();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+
+    String[] argsArray = new String[argsVector.size()];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < argsVector.size(); ++i) {
+      argsArray[i] = argsVector.elementAt(i);
+    }
+
+    return argsArray;
+  }
+
+  private void processArgsArray(String[] args) {
+    processArgsArray(args, true);
+  }
+
+  private void processArgsArray(String[] args, boolean firstTime) {
+    /* set default values */
+    // Relevant files
+    dirPrefix = null;
+    sourceFileName = null;
+    refFileName = "reference.txt";
+    refsPerSen = 1;
+    textNormMethod = 1;
+    paramsFileName = "params.txt";
+    docInfoFileName = null;
+    finalLambdaFileName = null;
+    // MERT specs
+    metricName = "BLEU";
+    metricName_display = metricName;
+    metricOptions = new String[2];
+    metricOptions[0] = "4";
+    metricOptions[1] = "closest";
+    docSubsetInfo = new int[7];
+    docSubsetInfo[0] = 0;
+    maxMERTIterations = 20;
+    prevMERTIterations = 20;
+    minMERTIterations = 5;
+    stopMinIts = 3;
+    stopSigValue = -1;
+    //
+    // /* possibly other early stopping criteria here */
+    //
+    numOptThreads = 1;
+    saveInterFiles = 3;
+    compressFiles = 0;
+    oneModificationPerIteration = false;
+    randInit = false;
+    seed = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    // useDisk = 2;
+    // Decoder specs
+    decoderCommandFileName = null;
+    passIterationToDecoder = false;
+    decoderOutFileName = "output.nbest";
+    validDecoderExitValue = 0;
+    decoderConfigFileName = "dec_cfg.txt";
+    sizeOfNBest = 100;
+    fakeFileNameTemplate = null;
+    fakeFileNamePrefix = null;
+    fakeFileNameSuffix = null;
+    // Output specs
+    verbosity = 1;
+    decVerbosity = 0;
+
+    int i = 0;
+
+    while (i < args.length) {
+      String option = args[i];
+      // Relevant files
+      if (option.equals("-dir")) {
+        dirPrefix = args[i + 1];
+      } else if (option.equals("-s")) {
+        sourceFileName = args[i + 1];
+      } else if (option.equals("-r")) {
+        refFileName = args[i + 1];
+      } else if (option.equals("-rps")) {
+        refsPerSen = Integer.parseInt(args[i + 1]);
+        if (refsPerSen < 1) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("refsPerSen must be positive.");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-txtNrm")) {
+        textNormMethod = Integer.parseInt(args[i + 1]);
+        if (textNormMethod < 0 || textNormMethod > 4) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("textNormMethod should be between 0 and 4");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-p")) {
+        paramsFileName = args[i + 1];
+      } else if (option.equals("-docInfo")) {
+        docInfoFileName = args[i + 1];
+      } else if (option.equals("-fin")) {
+        finalLambdaFileName = args[i + 1];
+        // MERT specs
+      } else if (option.equals("-m")) {
+        metricName = args[i + 1];
+        metricName_display = metricName;
+        if (EvaluationMetric.knownMetricName(metricName)) {
+          int optionCount = EvaluationMetric.metricOptionCount(metricName);
+          metricOptions = new String[optionCount];
+          for (int opt = 0; opt < optionCount; ++opt) {
+            metricOptions[opt] = args[i + opt + 2];
+          }
+          i += optionCount;
+        } else {
+          throw new RuntimeException("Unknown metric name " + metricName + ".");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-docSet")) {
+        String method = args[i + 1];
+
+        if (method.equals("all")) {
+          docSubsetInfo[0] = 0;
+          i += 0;
+        } else if (method.equals("bottom")) {
+          String a = args[i + 2];
+          if (a.endsWith("d")) {
+            docSubsetInfo[0] = 1;
+            a = a.substring(0, a.indexOf("d"));
+          } else {
+            docSubsetInfo[0] = 2;
+            a = a.substring(0, a.indexOf("%"));
+          }
+          docSubsetInfo[5] = Integer.parseInt(a);
+          i += 1;
+        } else if (method.equals("top")) {
+          String a = args[i + 2];
+          if (a.endsWith("d")) {
+            docSubsetInfo[0] = 3;
+            a = a.substring(0, a.indexOf("d"));
+          } else {
+            docSubsetInfo[0] = 4;
+            a = a.substring(0, a.indexOf("%"));
+          }
+          docSubsetInfo[5] = Integer.parseInt(a);
+          i += 1;
+        } else if (method.equals("window")) {
+          String a1 = args[i + 2];
+          a1 = a1.substring(0, a1.indexOf("d")); // size of window
+          String a2 = args[i + 4];
+          if (a2.indexOf("p") > 0) {
+            docSubsetInfo[0] = 5;
+            a2 = a2.substring(0, a2.indexOf("p"));
+          } else {
+            docSubsetInfo[0] = 6;
+            a2 = a2.substring(0, a2.indexOf("r"));
+          }
+          docSubsetInfo[5] = Integer.parseInt(a1);
+          docSubsetInfo[6] = Integer.parseInt(a2);
+          i += 3;
+        } else {
+          throw new RuntimeException("Unknown docSet method " + method + ".");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-maxIt")) {
+        maxMERTIterations = Integer.parseInt(args[i + 1]);
+        if (maxMERTIterations < 1) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("maxIt must be positive.");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-minIt")) {
+        minMERTIterations = Integer.parseInt(args[i + 1]);
+        if (minMERTIterations < 1) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("minIt must be positive.");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-prevIt")) {
+        prevMERTIterations = Integer.parseInt(args[i + 1]);
+        if (prevMERTIterations < 0) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("prevIt must be non-negative.");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-stopIt")) {
+        stopMinIts = Integer.parseInt(args[i + 1]);
+        if (stopMinIts < 1) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("stopIts must be positive.");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-stopSig")) {
+        stopSigValue = Double.parseDouble(args[i + 1]);
+      }
+      //
+      // /* possibly other early stopping criteria here */
+      //
+      else if (option.equals("-thrCnt")) {
+        numOptThreads = Integer.parseInt(args[i + 1]);
+        if (numOptThreads < 1) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("threadCount must be positive.");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-save")) {
+        saveInterFiles = Integer.parseInt(args[i + 1]);
+        if (saveInterFiles < 0 || saveInterFiles > 3) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("save should be between 0 and 3");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-compress")) {
+        compressFiles = Integer.parseInt(args[i + 1]);
+        if (compressFiles < 0 || compressFiles > 1) {
+          throw new RuntimeException("compressFiles should be either 0 or 1");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-opi")) {
+        int opi = Integer.parseInt(args[i + 1]);
+        if (opi == 1) {
+          oneModificationPerIteration = true;
+        } else if (opi == 0) {
+          oneModificationPerIteration = false;
+        } else {
+          throw new RuntimeException("oncePerIt must be either 0 or 1.");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-rand")) {
+        int rand = Integer.parseInt(args[i + 1]);
+        if (rand == 1) {
+          randInit = true;
+        } else if (rand == 0) {
+          randInit = false;
+        } else {
+          throw new RuntimeException("randInit must be either 0 or 1.");
+        }
+      } else if (option.equals("-seed")) {
+        if (args[i + 1].equals("time")) {
+          seed = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        } else {
+          seed = Long.parseLong(args[i + 1]);
+        }
+      }
+      /*
+       * else if (option.equals("-ud")) { useDisk = Integer.parseInt(args[i+1]); if (useDisk < 0 ||
+       * useDisk > 2) { println("useDisk should be between 0 and 2"); System.exit(10); } }
+      

<TRUNCATED>