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Posted to dev@struts.apache.org by hu...@apache.org on 2002/06/28 17:15:02 UTC
cvs commit: jakarta-struts/doc/userGuide technologies.xml index.xml
husted 2002/06/28 08:15:02
Modified: doc/userGuide technologies.xml index.xml
Log:
First complete draft of Enabling Technologies page.
Revision Changes Path
1.2 +170 -34 jakarta-struts/doc/userGuide/technologies.xml
Index: technologies.xml
===================================================================
RCS file: /home/cvs/jakarta-struts/doc/userGuide/technologies.xml,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -r1.1 -r1.2
--- technologies.xml 27 Jun 2002 11:50:35 -0000 1.1
+++ technologies.xml 28 Jun 2002 15:15:01 -0000 1.2
@@ -14,38 +14,43 @@
<section name="0.1 The Usual Suspects" href="prereqs">
<p>
- This User Guide is written for active Web developers and assumes a working
- knowledge about how Java Web applications work. Before getting started, you should
+ This User Guide is written for active web developers and assumes a working
+ knowledge about how Java web applications work. Before getting started, you should
understand the basics of several core technologies:
</p>
<ul>
- <li><a href="#http">HTTP and HTML and User Agents</a></li>
- <li><a href="#cycle">HTTP Request/Response Cycle</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#http">HTTP, HTML, and User Agents</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#cycle">The HTTP Request/Response Cycle</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#java">The Java Language and Application Frameworks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#javabeans">JavaBeans</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#resources">Properties files and ResourceBundles</a></li>
<li><a href="#servlets">Java Servlets</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/products/javabeans/">JavaBeans</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/attributes/properties.html">Properties</a> files and
- <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/i18n/resbundle/concept.html">ResourceBundles</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/product.html">JavaServer Pages (JSP)</a></li>.
- <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/taglibraries.html">Custom Tags</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">Extensible Markup Language</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#jsp">JavaServer Pages and JSP Tag Libraries</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#xml">Extensible Markup Language</a></li>
</ul>
<p>This chapter briefly defines each of these technologies, but does not describe them in
detail. For your convenience, links to further information about each component are also
provided.</p>
- <p>If you are not already familiar with these technologies, the best overall starting point is
- <a href="http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/index.html"><b>The Java Web Services Tutorial</b></a>
- for the Java Web Services Developer Pack. This is also available for download as a
+ <p><a target="#jwst"></a>If you are familiar with Java, but not these technologies,
+ the best overall starting point is
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/index.html"><b>The Java Web Services Tutorial</b></a>.
+ This is also available for download as a
<a href="http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/doc/JavaWSTutorial.pdf">PDF</a>.
</p>
- <p>If you've created Web applications on other platforms, you may be able to follow along
+ <p>If you've created web applications for other platforms, you may able to follow along
and visit the other references as needed. The core technologies used by Struts are
- also used by most other Java Web development products, so the background information is
- useful in any event.
+ also used by most other Java web development products, so the background information is
+ useful in any Java project.
+ </p>
+
+ <p><a target="#jt"></a>If you are not familiar with the Java language generally,
+ then the best start starting point is
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/index.html"><b>The Java Tutorial</b></a>.
+ This overlaps with the Java Web Services Tutorial in some places, but the two work well together.
</p>
</section>
@@ -53,21 +58,20 @@
<section name="0.2 HTTP, HTML and User Agents" href="http">
<p>The World Wide Web was built over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol
- (<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt?number=2616">HTTP</a>) and Hypertext Markup Language
+ (<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt?number=2616">HTTP</a>) and the Hypertext Markup Language
(<a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/">HTML</a>). A User Agent, like a web browser, uses HTTP to request
a HTML document. The browser then formats and displays the document to its user. HTTP is used to
- transport more than HTML, but HTML is the linga franca of the Web and web applications. </p>
+ transport more than HTML, but HTML is the lingua franca of the Web and web applications. </p>
- <p>Some Java engineers working on Web applications also write their own HTML. Others leave that to the
+ <p>Some Java engineers working web applications write their own HTML. Others leave that to the
page designers.</p>
<p>For more about HTTP, HTML, and User Agents, see:</p>
<ul>
- <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Guide/">Getting started with HTML</a> by Dave Raggett</li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Guide/"><b>Getting started with HTML</b></a> by Dave Raggett</li>
<li><a href="http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/doc/HTTP.html#63796">
- HTTP Overview</a> in the Java Web Services Tutorial
- (<a href="http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/index.html">JWST</a>).</li>
+ <b>HTTP Overview</b></a> in the Java Web Services Tutorial.</li>
</ul>
</section>
@@ -86,35 +90,167 @@
</section>
- <section name="0.4 Java Servlets" href="servlets">
+ <section name="0.4 The Java Language and Application Frameworks" href="java">
+
+ <p>Struts is written in the popular and versatile
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/first_edition/html/index.html">Java programming language</a>.
+ Java is an object-orientated language, and Struts makes good use of many object-orientated techniques.
+ A good understanding of Java, and especially object-orientated programming (OOP) will help
+ you get the most out of Struts and this User Guide. </p>
+
+ <p>For more about Java and OOP, see </p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/index.html"><b>Learning the Java Language</b></a> in the Java Tutorial</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>Even if you have worked with Java and OOP before, it can also help to be aware of the
+ programming challenges specific to creating and using application frameworks. For more about application
+ frameworks, see the classic white papers</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.laputan.org/drc/drc.html"><b>Designing Reusable Classes</b></a> by Ralph E. Johnson & Brian Foote</li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/CACM-frameworks.html"><b>Object-Oriented Application Frameworks</b></a>
+ by Mohamed Fayad and Douglas C. Schmidt</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>These papers can be especially helpful if you are fact-finding or reviewing
+ <a href="http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Programming/Languages/Java/Server-Side/Libraries_and_Frameworks/">
+ server-side frameworks</a>.
+ </p>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section name="0.5 JavaBeans" href="javabeans">
+
+ <p>Like many Java applications, most of the Struts objects are designed as
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/products/javabeans/">JavaBeans</a>. Following the JavaBean design patterns makes
+ the Struts classes easier to use -- both by Java developers and by Java development tools. </p>
+
+ <p>Although JavaBeans were first created for visual elements, these object design patterns have been found to
+ be useful as the basis for any reusable component, like those used by the Struts framework.</p>
+
+ <p>For more about JavaBeans, see</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/javabeans/index.html"><b>The JavaBean Trail</b></a> in the Java Tutorial</li>
+ <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/doc/JSPBeans.html"><b>JavaBeans Components in JSP Pages</b></a> in the Java Web Services Tutorial</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section name="0.6 Properties files and ResourceBundles" href="resources">
+
+ <p>Java applications, including web applications, are often configured using
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.1/docs/api/java/util/Properties.html">Properties</a>
+ files. Properties files are the basis for the
+ <a href="resourcebundle">ResourceBundles</a> that Struts uses to provide messages resources
+ to an application. </p>
- <p>Many of the aforementioned nuts-and-bolts are handled by Sun's
+ <p>For more about Properties files, see: </p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/attributes/properties.html">
+ <b>Using Properties to Manage Program Attributes</b></a> in The Java Tutorial</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>Java
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.1/docs/api/java/util/ResourceBundle.html">ResourceBundles</a>
+ use one or more Properties files to provide internationalized messages
+ to users based their
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.1/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html">Locale</a>.
+ Support for localizing an application was built into Struts from the ground-up.</p>
+
+ <p>For more about localization and ResourceBundles, see </p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/i18n/resbundle/concept.html"><b>About the ResourceBundle Class</b></a>
+ in the Java Tutorial</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section name="0.7 Java Servlets" href="servlets">
+ <p>Much of the <a href="#cycle">HTTP Request/Response cycle</a> nuts-and-bolts are handled by Sun's
<a href="http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/">Java Servlet</a> platform. This casts HTTP
- into a much more object-orientated form so that developers can better concentrate what
+ into an object-orientated form so that developers can better concentrate what
they need their application to do -- rather than the mechanics of HTTP.</p>
<p>Struts provides a ready-to-use servlet for your application. As a Struts developer, you
can then just write objects that the Struts servlet calls when needed. But it is still
helpful to understand the basics of what servlets are and the role they play in a Java
- Web application.</p>
+ web application.</p>
<p>For more about Java Servlets, see </p>
<ul>
- <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/">The Java Servlet product page</a></li>
- <li><a href="Java Servlet Technology ">Java Servlet Technology</a> in the JWST.</li>
+ <li><a href=""><b>Java Servlet Technology</b></a> in the Java Web
+ Services Tutorial.</li>
</ul>
</section>
- <section name="0.5 JavaBeans" href="bean">
+ <section name="0.8 JavaServer Pages and JSP Tag Libraries" href="jsp">
+ <p><a href="http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/product.html">JavaServer Pages</a> (JSPs) are
+ "inside-out servlets" that make it easier to create and maintain dynamic web pages. Instead
+ of putting what you want to write to the HTTP response inside of a Java <code>print</code>
+ statement, everything in a JavaServer Page is written to the response, <b>except</b> what is
+ placed within special Java statements.</p>
+
+ <p>With JavaServer Pages you can start by writing the page in standard HTML and then add the
+ dynamic features using statements in the Java language or by using
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/taglibraries.html">JSP tags</a>.
+ The Struts distribution includes several JSP tags that make it easy to access the framework's
+ features from a JavaServer Page.</p>
+
+ <p>For more about JavaServerPages and JSP Tag Libraries see </p>
- <p>:TODO:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/doc/JSPIntro.html"><b>JavaServer Pages Technology</b></a> in the Java Web Services Tutorial</li>
+ <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/doc/JSPTags.html"><b>Custom Tags in JSP Pages</b></a> in the Java Web Services Tutorial</li>
+ </ul>
+ <p>Many times, JSP tags work hand-in-hand with JavaBeans. The application sends a JavaBean to
+ the JSP, and the JSP tag uses the bean to customize the page for the instant user. For more, see
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/doc/JSPBeans.html">JavaBeans Components in JSP Pages</a>
+ in the Java Web Services Tutorial.</p>
+
+ <p>Struts also works well with the new
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/jstl">Java Standard Tag Library</a>
+ and taglibs from other sources, like
+ <a href="http://jsptags.com/">JSP Tags</a> and
+ <a href="http://jakarta.apache.org/taglibs/index.html">Jarkata Taglibs</a>.
+ </p>
- <p align="center">
- Next: <a href="introduction.html">Introduction</a>
- </p>
+ <p>There are also toolkits available that make Struts easy to use with
+ <a href="http://www.openroad.ca/opencode/">XSLT</a> and
+ <a href="http://jakarta.apache.org/velocity/index.html">Velocity Templates</a>.
+ </p>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section name="0.9 Extensible Markup Language (XML)" href="xml">
+
+ <p>The features provided by the Struts framework relies on a number of objects that are
+ usually deployed using files writing in
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">Extensible Markup Language</a>. XML is also used to
+ configure Java web applications; so, this is yet another familiar approach.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>For more about XML configuration files and Java web applications, see</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/doc/WebApp4.html#64678">Configuring Web Applications</a> in the Java Web Services Tutorial</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>For more about how XML is used with Java applications generally, see
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/doc/JAXPIntro.html">Java API for XML Processing</a> in the Java Web Services Tutorial.
+ While the framework makes good use of this API internally, it is not something most Struts developers
+ would use when writing their own applications.</p>
+
+ <p align="center">
+ Next: <a href="introduction.html">Introduction</a>
+ </p>
</section>
1.7 +18 -5 jakarta-struts/doc/userGuide/index.xml
Index: index.xml
===================================================================
RCS file: /home/cvs/jakarta-struts/doc/userGuide/index.xml,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -r1.6 -r1.7
--- index.xml 20 Feb 2002 00:41:14 -0000 1.6
+++ index.xml 28 Jun 2002 15:15:01 -0000 1.7
@@ -16,14 +16,27 @@
<section name="Table of Contents" href="toc">
<ul>
- <li><a href="introduction.html">1. Introduction</a>
+ <li><a href="technologies.html">0. Enabling Technologies</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="technologies.html#http">HTTP, HTML, and User Agents</a></li>
+ <li><a href="technologies.html#cycle">The HTTP Request/Response Cycle</a></li>
+ <li><a href="technologies.html#java">The Java Language and Application Frameworks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="technologies.html#javabeans">JavaBeans</a></li>
+ <li><a href="technologies.html#resources">Properties files and ResourceBundles</a></li>
+ <li><a href="technologies.html#servlets">Java Servlets</a></li>
+ <li><a href="technologies.html#jsp">JavaServer Pages and JSP Tag Libraries</a></li>
+ <li><a href="technologies.html#xml">Extensible Markup Language</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+
+
+ <li><a href="introduction.html">1. Introduction</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="introduction.html#preface">1.1 Preface: Forward into the Past!</a></li>
<li><a href="introduction.html#mvc">1.2 The Model-View-Controller ('MVC') Design Pattern</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#overview">1.3 Struts Framework Overview</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#modelConcepts">1.4 The Model: System State and Business Logic JavaBeans</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#presentationConcepts">1.5 The View: JSP Pages and Presentation Components</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#controllerConcepts">1.6 The Controller: ActionServlet and ActionMapping</a></li>
+ <li><a href="introduction.html#overview">1.2.1 Struts Framework Overview</a></li>
+ <li><a href="introduction.html#modelConcepts">1.2.2 The Model: System State and Business Logic JavaBeans</a></li>
+ <li><a href="introduction.html#presentationConcepts">1.2.3 The View: JSP Pages and Presentation Components</a></li>
+ <li><a href="introduction.html#controllerConcepts">1.3 The Controller: ActionServlet and ActionMapping</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="building_model.html">2. Building Model Components</a>
<ul>
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