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Posted to commits@lucene.apache.org by da...@apache.org on 2018/10/31 05:07:10 UTC

[24/50] [abbrv] lucene-solr:jira/http2_benchmark: SOLR-12793: Move TestCloudJSONFacetJoinDomain amd TestCloudJSONFacetSKG to the facet test package

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/lucene-solr/blob/71988c75/solr/core/src/test/org/apache/solr/search/facet/TestCloudJSONFacetJoinDomain.java
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diff --git a/solr/core/src/test/org/apache/solr/search/facet/TestCloudJSONFacetJoinDomain.java b/solr/core/src/test/org/apache/solr/search/facet/TestCloudJSONFacetJoinDomain.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91b912f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/solr/core/src/test/org/apache/solr/search/facet/TestCloudJSONFacetJoinDomain.java
@@ -0,0 +1,855 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.solr.search.facet;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.TestUtil;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrClient;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServerException;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.embedded.JettySolrRunner;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.CloudSolrClient;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrClient;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.request.CollectionAdminRequest;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.request.QueryRequest;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.response.QueryResponse;
+import org.apache.solr.cloud.AbstractDistribZkTestBase;
+import org.apache.solr.cloud.SolrCloudTestCase;
+import org.apache.solr.cloud.TestCloudPivotFacet;
+import org.apache.solr.common.SolrException;
+import org.apache.solr.common.SolrInputDocument;
+import org.apache.solr.common.params.ModifiableSolrParams;
+import org.apache.solr.common.params.SolrParams;
+import org.apache.solr.common.util.NamedList;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/** 
+ * <p>
+ * Tests randomized JSON Facets, sometimes using query 'join' domain transfers and/or domain 'filter' options
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * The results of each facet constraint count will be compared with a verification query using an equivalent filter
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * @see TestCloudPivotFacet
+ */
+public class TestCloudJSONFacetJoinDomain extends SolrCloudTestCase {
+
+  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MethodHandles.lookup().lookupClass());
+
+  private static final String DEBUG_LABEL = MethodHandles.lookup().lookupClass().getName();
+  private static final String COLLECTION_NAME = DEBUG_LABEL + "_collection";
+
+  private static final int DEFAULT_LIMIT = FacetField.DEFAULT_FACET_LIMIT;
+  private static final int MAX_FIELD_NUM = 15;
+  private static final int UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS = 20;
+
+  // NOTE: set to 'true' to see if refinement testing is adequate (should get fails occasionally)
+  private static final boolean FORCE_DISABLE_REFINEMENT = false;
+  
+  /** Multivalued string field suffixes that can be randomized for testing diff facet/join code paths */
+  private static final String[] STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES = new String[] { "_ss", "_sds", "_sdsS" };
+  /** Multivalued int field suffixes that can be randomized for testing diff facet/join code paths */
+  private static final String[] INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES = new String[] { "_is", "_ids", "_idsS" };
+  
+  /** A basic client for operations at the cloud level, default collection will be set */
+  private static CloudSolrClient CLOUD_CLIENT;
+  /** One client per node */
+  private static ArrayList<HttpSolrClient> CLIENTS = new ArrayList<>(5);
+
+  @BeforeClass
+  private static void createMiniSolrCloudCluster() throws Exception {
+    // sanity check constants
+    assertTrue("bad test constants: some suffixes will never be tested",
+               (STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES.length < MAX_FIELD_NUM) && (INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES.length < MAX_FIELD_NUM));
+    
+    // we need DVs on point fields to compute stats & facets
+    if (Boolean.getBoolean(NUMERIC_POINTS_SYSPROP)) System.setProperty(NUMERIC_DOCVALUES_SYSPROP,"true");
+    
+    // multi replicas should not matter...
+    final int repFactor = usually() ? 1 : 2;
+    // ... but we definitely want to test multiple shards
+    final int numShards = TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 1, (usually() ? 2 :3));
+    final int numNodes = (numShards * repFactor);
+   
+    final String configName = DEBUG_LABEL + "_config-set";
+    final Path configDir = Paths.get(TEST_HOME(), "collection1", "conf");
+    
+    configureCluster(numNodes).addConfig(configName, configDir).configure();
+    
+    Map<String, String> collectionProperties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    collectionProperties.put("config", "solrconfig-tlog.xml");
+    collectionProperties.put("schema", "schema_latest.xml");
+    CollectionAdminRequest.createCollection(COLLECTION_NAME, configName, numShards, repFactor)
+        .setProperties(collectionProperties)
+        .process(cluster.getSolrClient());
+
+    CLOUD_CLIENT = cluster.getSolrClient();
+    CLOUD_CLIENT.setDefaultCollection(COLLECTION_NAME);
+
+    waitForRecoveriesToFinish(CLOUD_CLIENT);
+
+    for (JettySolrRunner jetty : cluster.getJettySolrRunners()) {
+      CLIENTS.add(getHttpSolrClient(jetty.getBaseUrl() + "/" + COLLECTION_NAME + "/"));
+    }
+
+    final int numDocs = atLeast(100);
+    for (int id = 0; id < numDocs; id++) {
+      SolrInputDocument doc = sdoc("id", ""+id);
+      for (int fieldNum = 0; fieldNum < MAX_FIELD_NUM; fieldNum++) {
+        // NOTE: some docs may have no value in a field
+        final int numValsThisDoc = TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 0, (usually() ? 3 : 6));
+        for (int v = 0; v < numValsThisDoc; v++) {
+          final String fieldValue = randFieldValue(fieldNum);
+          
+          // for each fieldNum, there are actaully two fields: one string, and one integer
+          doc.addField(field(STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES, fieldNum), fieldValue);
+          doc.addField(field(INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES, fieldNum), fieldValue);
+        }
+      }
+      CLOUD_CLIENT.add(doc);
+      if (random().nextInt(100) < 1) {
+        CLOUD_CLIENT.commit();  // commit 1% of the time to create new segments
+      }
+      if (random().nextInt(100) < 5) {
+        CLOUD_CLIENT.add(doc);  // duplicate the doc 5% of the time to create deleted docs
+      }
+    }
+    CLOUD_CLIENT.commit();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Given a (random) number, and a (static) array of possible suffixes returns a consistent field name that 
+   * uses that number and one of hte specified suffixes in it's name.
+   *
+   * @see #STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES
+   * @see #INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES
+   * @see #MAX_FIELD_NUM
+   * @see #randFieldValue
+   */
+  private static String field(final String[] suffixes, final int fieldNum) {
+    assert fieldNum < MAX_FIELD_NUM;
+    
+    final String suffix = suffixes[fieldNum % suffixes.length];
+    return "field_" + fieldNum + suffix;
+  }
+  private static String strfield(final int fieldNum) {
+    return field(STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES, fieldNum);
+  }
+  private static String intfield(final int fieldNum) {
+    return field(INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES, fieldNum);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Given a (random) field number, returns a random (integer based) value for that field.
+   * NOTE: The number of unique values in each field is constant acording to {@link #UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS}
+   * but the precise <em>range</em> of values will vary for each unique field number, such that cross field joins 
+   * will match fewer documents based on how far apart the field numbers are.
+   *
+   * @see #UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS
+   * @see #field
+   */
+  private static String randFieldValue(final int fieldNum) {
+    return "" + (fieldNum + TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 1, UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS));
+  }
+
+  
+  @AfterClass
+  private static void afterClass() throws Exception {
+    CLOUD_CLIENT.close(); CLOUD_CLIENT = null;
+    for (HttpSolrClient client : CLIENTS) {
+      client.close();
+    }
+    CLIENTS = null;
+  }
+
+  /** Sanity check that malformed requests produce errors */
+  public void testMalformedGivesError() throws Exception {
+
+    ignoreException(".*'join' domain change.*");
+    
+    for (String join : Arrays.asList("bogus",
+                                     "{ }",
+                                     "{ from:null, to:foo_s }",
+                                     "{ from:foo_s }",
+                                     "{ from:foo_s, to:foo_s, bogus:'what what?' }",
+                                     "{ to:foo_s, bogus:'what what?' }")) {
+      SolrException e = expectThrows(SolrException.class, () -> {
+          final SolrParams req = params("q", "*:*", "json.facet",
+                                        "{ x : { type:terms, field:x_s, domain: { join:"+join+" } } }");
+          final NamedList trash = getRandClient(random()).request(new QueryRequest(req));
+        });
+      assertEquals(join + " -> " + e, SolrException.ErrorCode.BAD_REQUEST.code, e.code());
+      assertTrue(join + " -> " + e, e.getMessage().contains("'join' domain change"));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSanityCheckDomainMethods() throws Exception {
+    { 
+      final JoinDomain empty = new JoinDomain(null, null, null);
+      assertEquals(null, empty.toJSONFacetParamValue());
+      final SolrParams out = empty.applyDomainToQuery("safe_key", params("q","qqq"));
+      assertNotNull(out);
+      assertEquals(null, out.get("safe_key"));
+      assertEquals("qqq", out.get("q"));
+    }
+    {
+      final JoinDomain join = new JoinDomain("xxx", "yyy", null);
+      assertEquals("domain:{join:{from:xxx,to:yyy}}", join.toJSONFacetParamValue().toString());
+      final SolrParams out = join.applyDomainToQuery("safe_key", params("q","qqq"));
+      assertNotNull(out);
+      assertEquals("qqq", out.get("safe_key"));
+      assertEquals("{!join from=xxx to=yyy v=$safe_key}", out.get("q"));
+      
+    }
+    {
+      final JoinDomain filter = new JoinDomain(null, null, "zzz");
+      assertEquals("domain:{filter:'zzz'}", filter.toJSONFacetParamValue().toString());
+      final SolrParams out = filter.applyDomainToQuery("safe_key", params("q","qqq"));
+      assertNotNull(out);
+      assertEquals(null, out.get("safe_key"));
+      assertEquals("zzz AND qqq", out.get("q"));
+    }
+    {
+      final JoinDomain both = new JoinDomain("xxx", "yyy", "zzz");
+      assertEquals("domain:{join:{from:xxx,to:yyy},filter:'zzz'}", both.toJSONFacetParamValue().toString());
+      final SolrParams out = both.applyDomainToQuery("safe_key", params("q","qqq"));
+      assertNotNull(out);
+      assertEquals("qqq", out.get("safe_key"));
+      assertEquals("zzz AND {!join from=xxx to=yyy v=$safe_key}", out.get("q"));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 
+   * Test some small, hand crafted, but non-trivial queries that are
+   * easier to trace/debug then a pure random monstrosity.
+   * (ie: if something obvious gets broken, this test may fail faster and in a more obvious way then testRandom)
+   */
+  public void testBespoke() throws Exception {
+
+    { // sanity check our test methods can handle a query matching no docs
+      Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      TermFacet top = new TermFacet(strfield(9), new JoinDomain(strfield(5), strfield(9), strfield(9)+":[* TO *]"));
+      top.subFacets.put("sub", new TermFacet(strfield(11), new JoinDomain(strfield(8), strfield(8), null)));
+      facets.put("empty_top", top);
+      final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+      assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, strfield(7) + ":bogus");
+      assertEquals("Empty search result shouldn't have found a single bucket",
+                   UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS, maxBuckets.get());
+    }
+    
+    { // sanity check our test methods can handle a query where a facet filter prevents any doc from having terms
+      Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      TermFacet top = new TermFacet(strfield(9), new JoinDomain(null, null, "-*:*"));
+      top.subFacets.put("sub", new TermFacet(strfield(11), new JoinDomain(strfield(8), strfield(8), null)));
+      facets.put("filtered_top", top);
+      final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+      assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, "*:*");
+      assertEquals("Empty join filter shouldn't have found a single bucket",
+                   UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS, maxBuckets.get());
+    }
+    
+    { // sanity check our test methods can handle a query where a facet filter prevents any doc from having sub-terms
+      Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      TermFacet top = new TermFacet(strfield(9), new JoinDomain(strfield(8), strfield(8), null));
+      top.subFacets.put("sub", new TermFacet(strfield(11), new JoinDomain(null, null, "-*:*")));
+      facets.put("filtered_top", top);
+      final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+      assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, "*:*");
+      assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBuckets.get() < UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+    }
+  
+    { // strings
+      Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      TermFacet top = new TermFacet(strfield(9), new JoinDomain(strfield(5), strfield(9), strfield(9)+":[* TO *]"));
+      top.subFacets.put("facet_5", new TermFacet(strfield(11), new JoinDomain(strfield(8), strfield(8), null)));
+      facets.put("facet_4", top);
+      final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS * UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+      assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, "("+strfield(7)+":16 OR "+strfield(9)+":16 OR "+strfield(6)+":19 OR "+strfield(0)+":11)");
+      assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBuckets.get() < UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS * UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+    }
+
+    { // ints
+      Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      TermFacet top = new TermFacet(intfield(9), new JoinDomain(intfield(5), intfield(9), null));
+      facets.put("top", top);
+      final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS * UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+      assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, "("+intfield(7)+":16 OR "+intfield(3)+":13)");
+      assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBuckets.get() < UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS * UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+    }
+
+    { // some domains with filter only, no actual join
+      Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      TermFacet top = new TermFacet(strfield(9), new JoinDomain(null, null, strfield(9)+":[* TO *]"));
+      top.subFacets.put("facet_5", new TermFacet(strfield(11), new JoinDomain(null, null, strfield(3)+":[* TO 5]")));
+      facets.put("top", top);
+      final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS * UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+      assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, "("+strfield(7)+":16 OR "+strfield(9)+":16 OR "+strfield(6)+":19 OR "+strfield(0)+":11)");
+      assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBuckets.get() < UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS * UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+
+    }
+
+    { // low limits, explicit refinement
+      Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      TermFacet top = new TermFacet(strfield(9),
+                                    new JoinDomain(strfield(5), strfield(9), strfield(9)+":[* TO *]"),
+                                    5, 0, true);
+      top.subFacets.put("facet_5", new TermFacet(strfield(11),
+                                                 new JoinDomain(strfield(8), strfield(8), null),
+                                                 10, 0, true));
+      facets.put("facet_4", top);
+      final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(5 * 10);
+      assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, "("+strfield(7)+":6 OR "+strfield(9)+":6 OR "+strfield(6)+":19 OR "+strfield(0)+":11)");
+      assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBuckets.get() < 5 * 10);
+    }
+    
+    { // low limit, high overrequest
+      Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      TermFacet top = new TermFacet(strfield(9),
+                                    new JoinDomain(strfield(5), strfield(9), strfield(9)+":[* TO *]"),
+                                    5, UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS + 10, false);
+      top.subFacets.put("facet_5", new TermFacet(strfield(11),
+                                                 new JoinDomain(strfield(8), strfield(8), null),
+                                                 10, UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS + 10, false));
+      facets.put("facet_4", top);
+      final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(5 * 10);
+      assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, "("+strfield(7)+":6 OR "+strfield(9)+":6 OR "+strfield(6)+":19 OR "+strfield(0)+":11)");
+      assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBuckets.get() < 5 * 10);
+    }
+    
+    { // low limit, low overrequest, explicit refinement
+      Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      TermFacet top = new TermFacet(strfield(9),
+                                    new JoinDomain(strfield(5), strfield(9), strfield(9)+":[* TO *]"),
+                                    5, 7, true);
+      top.subFacets.put("facet_5", new TermFacet(strfield(11),
+                                                 new JoinDomain(strfield(8), strfield(8), null),
+                                                 10, 7, true));
+      facets.put("facet_4", top);
+      final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(5 * 10);
+      assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, "("+strfield(7)+":6 OR "+strfield(9)+":6 OR "+strfield(6)+":19 OR "+strfield(0)+":11)");
+      assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBuckets.get() < 5 * 10);
+    }
+    
+  }
+
+  public void testTheTestRandomRefineParam() {
+    // sanity check that randomRefineParam never violates isRefinementNeeded
+    // (should be imposisble ... unless someone changes/breaks the randomization logic in the future)
+    final int numIters = atLeast(100);
+    for (int iter = 0; iter < numIters; iter++) {
+      final Integer limit = TermFacet.randomLimitParam(random());
+      final Integer overrequest = TermFacet.randomOverrequestParam(random());
+      final Boolean refine = TermFacet.randomRefineParam(random(), limit, overrequest);
+      if (TermFacet.isRefinementNeeded(limit, overrequest)) {
+        assertEquals("limit: " + limit + ", overrequest: " + overrequest + ", refine: " + refine,
+                     Boolean.TRUE, refine);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  public void testTheTestTermFacetShouldFreakOutOnBadRefineOptions() {
+    expectThrows(AssertionError.class, () -> {
+        final TermFacet bogus = new TermFacet("foo", null, 5, 0, false);
+      });
+  }
+
+  public void testRandom() throws Exception {
+
+    // we put a safety valve in place on the maximum number of buckets that we are willing to verify
+    // across *all* the queries that we do.
+    // that way if the randomized queries we build all have relatively small facets, so be it, but if
+    // we get a really big one early on, we can test as much as possible, skip other iterations.
+    //
+    // (deeply nested facets may contain more buckets then the max, but we won't *check* all of them)
+    final int maxBucketsAllowed = atLeast(2000);
+    final AtomicInteger maxBucketsToCheck = new AtomicInteger(maxBucketsAllowed);
+    
+    final int numIters = atLeast(20);
+    for (int iter = 0; iter < numIters && 0 < maxBucketsToCheck.get(); iter++) {
+      assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBucketsToCheck, TermFacet.buildRandomFacets(), buildRandomQuery());
+    }
+    assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBucketsToCheck.get() < maxBucketsAllowed);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates a random query string across the randomized fields/values in the index
+   *
+   * @see #randFieldValue
+   * @see #field
+   */
+  private static String buildRandomQuery() {
+    if (0 == TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 0,10)) {
+      return "*:*";
+    }
+    final int numClauses = TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 3, 10);
+    List<String> clauses = new ArrayList<String>(numClauses);
+    for (int c = 0; c < numClauses; c++) {
+      final int fieldNum = random().nextInt(MAX_FIELD_NUM);
+      // keep queries simple, just use str fields - not point of test
+      clauses.add(strfield(fieldNum) + ":" + randFieldValue(fieldNum));
+    }
+    return "(" + StringUtils.join(clauses, " OR ") + ")";
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Given a set of (potentially nested) term facets, and a base query string, asserts that 
+   * the actual counts returned when executing that query with those facets match the expected results
+   * of filtering on the equivalent facet terms+domain
+   */
+  private void assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(final AtomicInteger maxBucketsToCheck,
+                                           Map<String,TermFacet> expected,
+                                           final String query) throws SolrServerException, IOException {
+
+    final SolrParams baseParams = params("q", query, "rows","0");
+    final SolrParams facetParams = params("json.facet", ""+TermFacet.toJSONFacetParamValue(expected));
+    final SolrParams initParams = SolrParams.wrapAppended(facetParams, baseParams);
+    
+    log.info("Doing full run: {}", initParams);
+
+    QueryResponse rsp = null;
+    // JSON Facets not (currently) available from QueryResponse...
+    NamedList topNamedList = null;
+    try {
+      rsp = (new QueryRequest(initParams)).process(getRandClient(random()));
+      assertNotNull(initParams + " is null rsp?", rsp);
+      topNamedList = rsp.getResponse();
+      assertNotNull(initParams + " is null topNamedList?", topNamedList);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("init query failed: " + initParams + ": " + 
+                                 e.getMessage(), e);
+    }
+    try {
+      final NamedList facetResponse = (NamedList) topNamedList.get("facets");
+      assertNotNull("null facet results?", facetResponse);
+      assertEquals("numFound mismatch with top count?",
+                   rsp.getResults().getNumFound(), ((Number)facetResponse.get("count")).longValue());
+      if (0 == rsp.getResults().getNumFound()) {
+        // when the query matches nothing, we should expect no top level facets
+        expected = Collections.emptyMap();
+      }
+      assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBucketsToCheck, expected, baseParams, facetResponse);
+    } catch (AssertionError e) {
+      throw new AssertionError(initParams + " ===> " + topNamedList + " --> " + e.getMessage(), e);
+    } finally {
+      log.info("Ending full run"); 
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 
+   * Recursive Helper method that walks the actual facet response, comparing the counts to the expected output 
+   * based on the equivalent filters generated from the original TermFacet.
+   */
+  private void assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(final AtomicInteger maxBucketsToCheck,
+                                           final Map<String,TermFacet> expected,
+                                           final SolrParams baseParams,
+                                           final NamedList actualFacetResponse) throws SolrServerException, IOException {
+
+    for (Map.Entry<String,TermFacet> entry : expected.entrySet()) {
+      final String facetKey = entry.getKey();
+      final TermFacet facet = entry.getValue();
+      final NamedList results = (NamedList) actualFacetResponse.get(facetKey);
+      assertNotNull(facetKey + " key missing from: " + actualFacetResponse, results);
+      final List<NamedList> buckets = (List<NamedList>) results.get("buckets");
+      assertNotNull(facetKey + " has null buckets: " + actualFacetResponse, buckets);
+
+      if (buckets.isEmpty()) {
+        // should only happen if the baseParams query does not match any docs with our field X
+        final long docsWithField = getRandClient(random()).query
+          (facet.applyValueConstraintAndDomain(baseParams, facetKey, "[* TO *]")).getResults().getNumFound();
+        assertEquals(facetKey + " has no buckets, but docs in query exist with field: " + facet.field,
+                     0, docsWithField);
+      }
+      
+      for (NamedList bucket : buckets) {
+        final long count = ((Number) bucket.get("count")).longValue();
+        final String fieldVal = bucket.get("val").toString(); // int or stringified int
+
+        // change our query to filter on the fieldVal, and wrap in the facet domain (if any)
+        final SolrParams verifyParams = facet.applyValueConstraintAndDomain(baseParams, facetKey, fieldVal);
+
+        // check the count for this bucket
+        assertEquals(facetKey + ": " + verifyParams,
+                     count, getRandClient(random()).query(verifyParams).getResults().getNumFound());
+
+        if (maxBucketsToCheck.decrementAndGet() <= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+        
+        // recursively check subFacets
+        if (! facet.subFacets.isEmpty()) {
+          assertFacetCountsAreCorrect(maxBucketsToCheck, facet.subFacets, verifyParams, bucket);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    assertTrue("facets have unexpected keys left over: " + actualFacetResponse,
+               // should alwasy be a count, maybe a 'val' if we're a subfacet
+               (actualFacetResponse.size() == expected.size() + 1) ||
+               (actualFacetResponse.size() == expected.size() + 2));
+  }
+
+  
+  /**
+   * Trivial data structure for modeling a simple terms facet that can be written out as a json.facet param.
+   *
+   * Doesn't do any string escaping or quoting, so don't use whitespace or reserved json characters
+   */
+  private static final class TermFacet {
+    public final String field;
+    public final Map<String,TermFacet> subFacets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    public final JoinDomain domain; // may be null
+    public final Integer limit; // may be null
+    public final Integer overrequest; // may be null
+    public final Boolean refine; // may be null
+
+    /** Simplified constructor asks for limit = # unique vals */
+    public TermFacet(String field, JoinDomain domain) {
+      this(field, domain, UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS, 0, false);
+    }
+    public TermFacet(String field, JoinDomain domain, Integer limit, Integer overrequest, Boolean refine) {
+      assert null != field;
+      this.field = field;
+      this.domain = domain;
+      this.limit = limit;
+      this.overrequest = overrequest;
+      this.refine = refine;
+      if (isRefinementNeeded(limit, overrequest)) {
+        assertEquals("Invalid refine param based on limit & overrequest: " + this.toString(),
+                     Boolean.TRUE, refine);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** 
+     * Returns new SolrParams that:
+     * <ul>
+     *  <li>copy the original SolrParams</li>
+     *  <li>modify/wrap the original "q" param to capture the domain change for this facet (if any)</li>
+     *  <li>add a filter query against this field with the specified value</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * 
+     * @see JoinDomain#applyDomainToQuery
+     */
+    public SolrParams applyValueConstraintAndDomain(SolrParams orig, String facetKey, String facetVal) {
+      // first wrap our original query in the domain if there is one...
+      if (null != domain) {
+        orig = domain.applyDomainToQuery(facetKey + "_q", orig);
+      }
+      // then filter by the facet value we need to test...
+      final ModifiableSolrParams out = new ModifiableSolrParams(orig);
+      out.set("q", field + ":" + facetVal + " AND " + orig.get("q"));
+
+      return out;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * recursively generates the <code>json.facet</code> param value to use for testing this facet
+     */
+    private CharSequence toJSONFacetParamValue() {
+      final String limitStr = (null == limit) ? "" : (", limit:" + limit);
+      final String overrequestStr = (null == overrequest) ? "" : (", overrequest:" + overrequest);
+      final String refineStr = (null == refine) ? "" : ", refine:" + refine;
+      final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("{ type:terms, field:" + field + limitStr + overrequestStr + refineStr);
+      if (! subFacets.isEmpty()) {
+        sb.append(", facet:");
+        sb.append(toJSONFacetParamValue(subFacets));
+      }
+      if (null != domain) {
+        CharSequence ds = domain.toJSONFacetParamValue();
+        if (null != ds) {
+          sb.append(", ").append(ds);
+        }
+      }
+      sb.append("}");
+      return sb;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Given a set of (possibly nested) facets, generates a suitable <code>json.facet</code> param value to 
+     * use for testing them against in a solr request.
+     */
+    public static CharSequence toJSONFacetParamValue(Map<String,TermFacet> facets) {
+      assert null != facets;
+      assert 0 < facets.size();
+      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("{");
+      for (String key : facets.keySet()) {
+        sb.append(key).append(" : ").append(facets.get(key).toJSONFacetParamValue());
+        sb.append(" ,");
+      }
+      sb.setLength(sb.length() - 1);
+      sb.append("}");
+      return sb;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Factory method for generating some random (nested) facets.  
+     *
+     * For simplicity, each facet will have a unique key name, regardless of it's depth under other facets 
+     *
+     * @see JoinDomain
+     */
+    public static Map<String,TermFacet> buildRandomFacets() {
+      // for simplicity, use a unique facet key regardless of depth - simplifies verification
+      AtomicInteger keyCounter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+      final int maxDepth = TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 0, (usually() ? 2 : 3));
+      return buildRandomFacets(keyCounter, maxDepth);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * picks a random value for the "limit" param, biased in favor of interesting test cases
+     *
+     * @return a number to specify in the request, or null to specify nothing (trigger default behavior)
+     * @see #UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS
+     */
+    public static Integer randomLimitParam(Random r) {
+      final int limit = 1 + r.nextInt(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS * 2);
+      if (limit >= UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS && r.nextBoolean()) {
+        return -1; // unlimited
+      } else if (limit == DEFAULT_LIMIT && r.nextBoolean()) { 
+        return null; // sometimes, don't specify limit if it's the default
+      }
+      return limit;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * picks a random value for the "overrequest" param, biased in favor of interesting test cases
+     *
+     * @return a number to specify in the request, or null to specify nothing (trigger default behavior)
+     * @see #UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS
+     */
+    public static Integer randomOverrequestParam(Random r) {
+      switch(r.nextInt(10)) {
+        case 0:
+        case 1:
+        case 2:
+        case 3:
+          return 0; // 40% of the time, no overrequest to better stress refinement
+        case 4:
+        case 5:
+          return r.nextInt(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS); // 20% ask for less them what's needed
+        case 6:
+          return r.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE); // 10%: completley random value, statisticaly more then enough
+        default: break;
+      }
+      // else.... either leave param unspecified (or redundently specify the -1 default)
+      return r.nextBoolean() ? null : -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * picks a random value for the "refine" param, that is garunteed to be suitable for
+     * the specified limit &amp; overrequest params.
+     *
+     * @return a value to specify in the request, or null to specify nothing (trigger default behavior)
+     * @see #randomLimitParam
+     * @see #randomOverrequestParam
+     * @see #UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS
+     */
+    public static Boolean randomRefineParam(Random r, Integer limitParam, Integer overrequestParam) {
+      if (isRefinementNeeded(limitParam, overrequestParam)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      // refinement is not required
+      if (0 == r.nextInt(10)) { // once in a while, turn on refinement even if it isn't needed.
+        return true;
+      }
+      // explicitly or implicitly indicate refinement is not needed
+      return r.nextBoolean() ? false : null;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Deterministicly identifies if the specified limit &amp; overrequest params <b>require</b> 
+     * a "refine:true" param be used in the the request, in order for the counts to be 100% accurate.
+     * 
+     * @see #UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS
+     */
+    public static boolean isRefinementNeeded(Integer limitParam, Integer overrequestParam) {
+
+      if (FORCE_DISABLE_REFINEMENT) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      
+      // use the "effective" values if the params are null
+      final int limit = null == limitParam ? DEFAULT_LIMIT : limitParam;
+      final int overrequest = null == overrequestParam ? 0 : overrequestParam;
+
+      return
+        // don't presume how much overrequest will be done by default, just check the limit
+        (overrequest < 0 && limit < UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS)
+        // if the user specified overrequest is not "enough" to get all unique values 
+        || (overrequest >= 0 && (long)limit + overrequest < UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+    }
+    
+    /** 
+     * recursive helper method for building random facets
+     *
+     * @param keyCounter used to ensure every generated facet has a unique key name
+     * @param maxDepth max possible depth allowed for the recusion, a lower value may be used depending on how many facets are returned at the current level. 
+     */
+    private static Map<String,TermFacet> buildRandomFacets(AtomicInteger keyCounter, int maxDepth) {
+      final int numFacets = Math.max(1, TestUtil.nextInt(random(), -1, 3)); // 3/5th chance of being '1'
+      Map<String,TermFacet> results = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      for (int i = 0; i < numFacets; i++) {
+        final JoinDomain domain = JoinDomain.buildRandomDomain();
+        assert null != domain;
+        final Integer limit = randomLimitParam(random());
+        final Integer overrequest = randomOverrequestParam(random());
+        final TermFacet facet =  new TermFacet(field(random().nextBoolean() ? STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES : INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES,
+                                                     random().nextInt(MAX_FIELD_NUM)),
+                                               domain, limit, overrequest,
+                                               randomRefineParam(random(), limit, overrequest));
+        results.put("facet_" + keyCounter.incrementAndGet(), facet);
+        if (0 < maxDepth) {
+          // if we're going wide, don't go deep
+          final int nextMaxDepth = Math.max(0, maxDepth - numFacets);
+          facet.subFacets.putAll(buildRandomFacets(keyCounter, TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 0, nextMaxDepth)));
+        }
+      }
+      return results;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Models a Domain Change which includes either a 'join' or a 'filter' or both
+   */
+  private static final class JoinDomain { 
+    public final String from;
+    public final String to;
+    public final String filter; // not bothering with more then 1 filter, not the point of the test
+
+    /** 
+     * @param from left side of join field name, null if domain involves no joining
+     * @param to right side of join field name, null if domain involves no joining
+     * @param filter filter to apply to domain, null if domain involves no filtering
+     */
+    public JoinDomain(String from, String to, String filter) { 
+      assert ! ((null ==  from) ^ (null == to)) : "if from is null, to must be null";
+      this.from = from;
+      this.to = to;
+      this.filter = filter;
+    }
+
+    /** 
+     * @return the JSON string representing this domain for use in a facet param, or null if no domain should be used
+     * */
+    public CharSequence toJSONFacetParamValue() {
+      if (null == from && null == filter) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("domain:{");
+      if (null != from) {
+        assert null != to;
+        sb. append("join:{from:").append(from).append(",to:").append(to).append("}");
+        if (null != filter){
+          sb.append(",");
+        }
+        
+      }
+      if (null != filter) {
+        sb.append("filter:'").append(filter).append("'");
+      }
+      sb.append("}");
+      return sb;
+    }
+
+    /** 
+     * Given some original SolrParams, returns new SolrParams where the original "q" param is wrapped
+     * as needed to apply the equivalent transformation to a query as this domain would to a facet
+     */
+    public SolrParams applyDomainToQuery(String safeKey, SolrParams in) {
+      assert null == in.get(safeKey); // shouldn't be possible if every facet uses a unique key string
+      
+      String q = in.get("q");
+      final ModifiableSolrParams out = new ModifiableSolrParams(in);
+      if (null != from) {
+        out.set(safeKey, in.get("q"));
+        q =  "{!join from="+from+" to="+to+" v=$"+safeKey+"}";
+      }
+      if (null != filter) {
+        q = filter + " AND " + q;
+      }
+      out.set("q", q);
+      return out;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Factory method for creating a random domain change to use with a facet - may return an 'noop' JoinDomain,
+     * but will never return null.
+     */
+    public static JoinDomain buildRandomDomain() { 
+
+      // use consistent type on both sides of join
+      final String[] suffixes = random().nextBoolean() ? STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES : INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES;
+      
+      final boolean noJoin = random().nextBoolean();
+
+      String from = null;
+      String to = null;
+      for (;;) {
+        if (noJoin) break;
+        from = field(suffixes, random().nextInt(MAX_FIELD_NUM));
+        to = field(suffixes, random().nextInt(MAX_FIELD_NUM));
+        // HACK: joined numeric point fields need docValues.. for now just skip _is fields if we are dealing with points.
+        if (Boolean.getBoolean(NUMERIC_POINTS_SYSPROP) && (from.endsWith("_is") || to.endsWith("_is")))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // keep it simple, only filter on string fields - not point of test
+      final String filterField = strfield(random().nextInt(MAX_FIELD_NUM));
+      
+      final String filter = random().nextBoolean() ? null : filterField+":[* TO *]";
+      return new JoinDomain(from, to, filter);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  /** 
+   * returns a random SolrClient -- either a CloudSolrClient, or an HttpSolrClient pointed 
+   * at a node in our cluster 
+   */
+  public static SolrClient getRandClient(Random rand) {
+    int numClients = CLIENTS.size();
+    int idx = TestUtil.nextInt(rand, 0, numClients);
+
+    return (idx == numClients) ? CLOUD_CLIENT : CLIENTS.get(idx);
+  }
+
+  public static void waitForRecoveriesToFinish(CloudSolrClient client) throws Exception {
+    assert null != client.getDefaultCollection();
+    AbstractDistribZkTestBase.waitForRecoveriesToFinish(client.getDefaultCollection(),
+                                                        client.getZkStateReader(),
+                                                        true, true, 330);
+  }
+
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/lucene-solr/blob/71988c75/solr/core/src/test/org/apache/solr/search/facet/TestCloudJSONFacetSKG.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/solr/core/src/test/org/apache/solr/search/facet/TestCloudJSONFacetSKG.java b/solr/core/src/test/org/apache/solr/search/facet/TestCloudJSONFacetSKG.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e212993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/solr/core/src/test/org/apache/solr/search/facet/TestCloudJSONFacetSKG.java
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.solr.search.facet;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.util.LuceneTestCase.Slow;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.TestUtil;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrClient;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServerException;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.embedded.JettySolrRunner;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.CloudSolrClient;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrClient;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.request.CollectionAdminRequest;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.request.QueryRequest;
+import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.response.QueryResponse;
+import org.apache.solr.cloud.AbstractDistribZkTestBase;
+import org.apache.solr.cloud.SolrCloudTestCase;
+import org.apache.solr.common.SolrInputDocument;
+import org.apache.solr.common.params.SolrParams;
+import org.apache.solr.common.util.NamedList;
+import static org.apache.solr.search.facet.RelatednessAgg.computeRelatedness;
+import static org.apache.solr.search.facet.RelatednessAgg.roundTo5Digits;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/** 
+ * <p>
+ * A randomized test of nested facets using the <code>relatedness()</code> function, that asserts the 
+ * accuracy the results for all the buckets returned using verification queries of the (expected) 
+ * foreground &amp; background queries based on the nested facet terms.
+ * <p>
+ * Note that unlike normal facet "count" verification, using a high limit + overrequest isn't a substitute 
+ * for refinement in order to ensure accurate "skg" computation across shards.  For that reason, this 
+ * tests forces <code>refine: true</code> (unlike {@link TestCloudJSONFacetJoinDomain}) and specifices a 
+ * <code>domain: { 'query':'*:*' }</code> for every facet, in order to garuntee that all shards 
+ * participate in all facets, so that the popularity &amp; relatedness values returned can be proven 
+ * with validation requests.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * (Refinement alone is not enough. Using the '*:*' query as the facet domain is neccessary to 
+ * prevent situations where a single shardX may return candidate bucket with no child-buckets due to 
+ * the normal facet intersections, but when refined on other shardY(s), can produce "high scoring" 
+ * SKG child-buckets, which would then be missing the foreground/background "size" contributions from 
+ * shardX.
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * @see TestCloudJSONFacetJoinDomain
+ */
+@Slow
+public class TestCloudJSONFacetSKG extends SolrCloudTestCase {
+
+  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MethodHandles.lookup().lookupClass());
+
+  private static final String DEBUG_LABEL = MethodHandles.lookup().lookupClass().getName();
+  private static final String COLLECTION_NAME = DEBUG_LABEL + "_collection";
+
+  private static final int DEFAULT_LIMIT = FacetField.DEFAULT_FACET_LIMIT;
+  private static final int MAX_FIELD_NUM = 15;
+  private static final int UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS = 50;
+
+  /** Multivalued string field suffixes that can be randomized for testing diff facet/join code paths */
+  private static final String[] STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES = new String[] { "_ss", "_sds", "_sdsS" };
+  /** Multivalued int field suffixes that can be randomized for testing diff facet/join code paths */
+  private static final String[] INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES = new String[] { "_is", "_ids", "_idsS" };
+
+  /** A basic client for operations at the cloud level, default collection will be set */
+  private static CloudSolrClient CLOUD_CLIENT;
+  /** One client per node */
+  private static ArrayList<HttpSolrClient> CLIENTS = new ArrayList<>(5);
+
+  @BeforeClass
+  private static void createMiniSolrCloudCluster() throws Exception {
+    // sanity check constants
+    assertTrue("bad test constants: some suffixes will never be tested",
+               (STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES.length < MAX_FIELD_NUM) && (INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES.length < MAX_FIELD_NUM));
+    
+    // we need DVs on point fields to compute stats & facets
+    if (Boolean.getBoolean(NUMERIC_POINTS_SYSPROP)) System.setProperty(NUMERIC_DOCVALUES_SYSPROP,"true");
+    
+    // multi replicas should not matter...
+    final int repFactor = usually() ? 1 : 2;
+    // ... but we definitely want to test multiple shards
+    final int numShards = TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 1, (usually() ? 2 :3));
+    final int numNodes = (numShards * repFactor);
+   
+    final String configName = DEBUG_LABEL + "_config-set";
+    final Path configDir = Paths.get(TEST_HOME(), "collection1", "conf");
+    
+    configureCluster(numNodes).addConfig(configName, configDir).configure();
+    
+    Map<String, String> collectionProperties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    collectionProperties.put("config", "solrconfig-tlog.xml");
+    collectionProperties.put("schema", "schema_latest.xml");
+    CollectionAdminRequest.createCollection(COLLECTION_NAME, configName, numShards, repFactor)
+        .setProperties(collectionProperties)
+        .process(cluster.getSolrClient());
+
+    CLOUD_CLIENT = cluster.getSolrClient();
+    CLOUD_CLIENT.setDefaultCollection(COLLECTION_NAME);
+
+    waitForRecoveriesToFinish(CLOUD_CLIENT);
+
+    for (JettySolrRunner jetty : cluster.getJettySolrRunners()) {
+      CLIENTS.add(getHttpSolrClient(jetty.getBaseUrl() + "/" + COLLECTION_NAME + "/"));
+    }
+
+    final int numDocs = atLeast(100);
+    for (int id = 0; id < numDocs; id++) {
+      SolrInputDocument doc = sdoc("id", ""+id);
+      for (int fieldNum = 0; fieldNum < MAX_FIELD_NUM; fieldNum++) {
+        // NOTE: we ensure every doc has at least one value in each field
+        // that way, if a term is returned for a parent there there is garunteed to be at least one
+        // one term in the child facet as well.
+        //
+        // otherwise, we'd face the risk of a single shardX returning parentTermX as a top term for
+        // the parent facet, but having no child terms -- meanwhile on refinement another shardY that
+        // did *not* returned parentTermX in phase#1, could return some *new* child terms under
+        // parentTermX, but their stats would not include the bgCount from shardX.
+        //
+        // in normal operation, this is an edge case that isn't a big deal because the ratios &
+        // relatedness scores are statistically approximate, but for the purpose of this test where
+        // we verify correctness via exactness we need all shards to contribute to the SKG statistics
+        final int numValsThisDoc = TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 1, (usually() ? 5 : 10));
+        for (int v = 0; v < numValsThisDoc; v++) {
+          final String fieldValue = randFieldValue(fieldNum);
+          
+          // for each fieldNum, there are actaully two fields: one string, and one integer
+          doc.addField(field(STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES, fieldNum), fieldValue);
+          doc.addField(field(INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES, fieldNum), fieldValue);
+        }
+      }
+      CLOUD_CLIENT.add(doc);
+      if (random().nextInt(100) < 1) {
+        CLOUD_CLIENT.commit();  // commit 1% of the time to create new segments
+      }
+      if (random().nextInt(100) < 5) {
+        CLOUD_CLIENT.add(doc);  // duplicate the doc 5% of the time to create deleted docs
+      }
+    }
+    CLOUD_CLIENT.commit();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Given a (random) number, and a (static) array of possible suffixes returns a consistent field name that 
+   * uses that number and one of hte specified suffixes in it's name.
+   *
+   * @see #STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES
+   * @see #INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES
+   * @see #MAX_FIELD_NUM
+   * @see #randFieldValue
+   */
+  private static String field(final String[] suffixes, final int fieldNum) {
+    assert fieldNum < MAX_FIELD_NUM;
+    
+    final String suffix = suffixes[fieldNum % suffixes.length];
+    return "field_" + fieldNum + suffix;
+  }
+  private static String strfield(final int fieldNum) {
+    return field(STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES, fieldNum);
+  }
+  private static String intfield(final int fieldNum) {
+    return field(INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES, fieldNum);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Given a (random) field number, returns a random (integer based) value for that field.
+   * NOTE: The number of unique values in each field is constant acording to {@link #UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS}
+   * but the precise <em>range</em> of values will vary for each unique field number, such that cross field joins 
+   * will match fewer documents based on how far apart the field numbers are.
+   *
+   * @see #UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS
+   * @see #field
+   */
+  private static String randFieldValue(final int fieldNum) {
+    return "" + (fieldNum + TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 1, UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS));
+  }
+
+  
+  @AfterClass
+  private static void afterClass() throws Exception {
+    CLOUD_CLIENT.close(); CLOUD_CLIENT = null;
+    for (HttpSolrClient client : CLIENTS) {
+      client.close();
+    }
+    CLIENTS = null;
+  }
+  
+  /** 
+   * Test some small, hand crafted, but non-trivial queries that are
+   * easier to trace/debug then a pure random monstrosity.
+   * (ie: if something obvious gets broken, this test may fail faster and in a more obvious way then testRandom)
+   */
+  public void testBespoke() throws Exception {
+    { // trivial single level facet
+      Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      TermFacet top = new TermFacet(strfield(9), UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS, 0, null);
+      facets.put("top1", top);
+      final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+      assertFacetSKGsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, strfield(7)+":11", strfield(5)+":9", "*:*");
+      assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBuckets.get() < UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+    }
+    
+    { // trivial single level facet w/sorting on skg
+      Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      TermFacet top = new TermFacet(strfield(9), UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS, 0, "skg desc");
+      facets.put("top2", top);
+      final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+      assertFacetSKGsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, strfield(7)+":11", strfield(5)+":9", "*:*");
+      assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBuckets.get() < UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+    }
+
+    { // trivial single level facet w/ 2 diff ways to request "limit = (effectively) Infinite"
+      // to sanity check refinement of buckets missing from other shard in both cases
+      
+      // NOTE that these two queries & facets *should* effectively identical given that the
+      // very large limit value is big enough no shard will ever return that may terms,
+      // but the "limit=-1" case it actaully triggers slightly different code paths
+      // because it causes FacetField.returnsPartial() to be "true"
+      for (int limit : new int[] { 999999999, -1 }) {
+        Map<String,TermFacet> facets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        facets.put("top_facet_limit__" + limit, new TermFacet(strfield(9), limit, 0, "skg desc"));
+        final AtomicInteger maxBuckets = new AtomicInteger(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+        assertFacetSKGsAreCorrect(maxBuckets, facets, strfield(7)+":11", strfield(5)+":9", "*:*");
+        assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBuckets.get() < UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  public void testRandom() throws Exception {
+
+    // since the "cost" of verifying the stats for each bucket is so high (see TODO in verifySKGResults())
+    // we put a safety valve in place on the maximum number of buckets that we are willing to verify
+    // across *all* the queries that we do.
+    // that way if the randomized queries we build all have relatively small facets, so be it, but if
+    // we get a really big one early on, we can test as much as possible, skip other iterations.
+    //
+    // (deeply nested facets may contain more buckets then the max, but we won't *check* all of them)
+    final int maxBucketsAllowed = atLeast(2000);
+    final AtomicInteger maxBucketsToCheck = new AtomicInteger(maxBucketsAllowed);
+    
+    final int numIters = atLeast(10);
+    for (int iter = 0; iter < numIters && 0 < maxBucketsToCheck.get(); iter++) {
+      assertFacetSKGsAreCorrect(maxBucketsToCheck, TermFacet.buildRandomFacets(),
+                                buildRandomQuery(), buildRandomQuery(), buildRandomQuery());
+    }
+    assertTrue("Didn't check a single bucket???", maxBucketsToCheck.get() < maxBucketsAllowed);
+           
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates a random query string across the randomized fields/values in the index
+   *
+   * @see #randFieldValue
+   * @see #field
+   */
+  private static String buildRandomQuery() {
+    if (0 == TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 0,10)) {
+      return "*:*";
+    }
+    final int numClauses = TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 3, 10);
+    final String[] clauses = new String[numClauses];
+    for (int c = 0; c < numClauses; c++) {
+      final int fieldNum = random().nextInt(MAX_FIELD_NUM);
+      // keep queries simple, just use str fields - not point of test
+      clauses[c] = strfield(fieldNum) + ":" + randFieldValue(fieldNum);
+    }
+    return buildORQuery(clauses);
+  }
+
+  private static String buildORQuery(String... clauses) {
+    assert 0 < clauses.length;
+    return "(" + StringUtils.join(clauses, " OR ") + ")";
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Given a set of term facets, and top level query strings, asserts that 
+   * the SKG stats for each facet term returned when executing that query with those foreground/background
+   * queries match the expected results of executing the equivalent queries in isolation.
+   *
+   * @see #verifySKGResults
+   */
+  private void assertFacetSKGsAreCorrect(final AtomicInteger maxBucketsToCheck,
+                                         Map<String,TermFacet> expected,
+                                         final String query,
+                                         final String foreQ,
+                                         final String backQ) throws SolrServerException, IOException {
+    final SolrParams baseParams = params("rows","0", "fore", foreQ, "back", backQ);
+    
+    final SolrParams facetParams = params("q", query,
+                                          "json.facet", ""+TermFacet.toJSONFacetParamValue(expected,null));
+    final SolrParams initParams = SolrParams.wrapAppended(facetParams, baseParams);
+    
+    log.info("Doing full run: {}", initParams);
+
+    QueryResponse rsp = null;
+    // JSON Facets not (currently) available from QueryResponse...
+    NamedList topNamedList = null;
+    try {
+      rsp = (new QueryRequest(initParams)).process(getRandClient(random()));
+      assertNotNull(initParams + " is null rsp?", rsp);
+      topNamedList = rsp.getResponse();
+      assertNotNull(initParams + " is null topNamedList?", topNamedList);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("init query failed: " + initParams + ": " + 
+                                 e.getMessage(), e);
+    }
+    try {
+      final NamedList facetResponse = (NamedList) topNamedList.get("facets");
+      assertNotNull("null facet results?", facetResponse);
+      assertEquals("numFound mismatch with top count?",
+                   rsp.getResults().getNumFound(), ((Number)facetResponse.get("count")).longValue());
+
+      // Note: even if the query has numFound=0, our explicit background query domain should
+      // still force facet results
+      // (even if the background query matches nothing, that just means there will be no
+      // buckets in those facets)
+      assertFacetSKGsAreCorrect(maxBucketsToCheck, expected, baseParams, facetResponse);
+      
+    } catch (AssertionError e) {
+      throw new AssertionError(initParams + " ===> " + topNamedList + " --> " + e.getMessage(), e);
+    } finally {
+      log.info("Ending full run"); 
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 
+   * Recursive helper method that walks the actual facet response, comparing the SKG results to 
+   * the expected output based on the equivalent filters generated from the original TermFacet.
+   */
+  private void assertFacetSKGsAreCorrect(final AtomicInteger maxBucketsToCheck,
+                                         final Map<String,TermFacet> expected,
+                                         final SolrParams baseParams,
+                                         final NamedList actualFacetResponse) throws SolrServerException, IOException {
+
+    for (Map.Entry<String,TermFacet> entry : expected.entrySet()) {
+      final String facetKey = entry.getKey();
+      final TermFacet facet = entry.getValue();
+      final NamedList results = (NamedList) actualFacetResponse.get(facetKey);
+      assertNotNull(facetKey + " key missing from: " + actualFacetResponse, results);
+      final List<NamedList> buckets = (List<NamedList>) results.get("buckets");
+      assertNotNull(facetKey + " has null buckets: " + actualFacetResponse, buckets);
+
+      if (buckets.isEmpty()) {
+        // should only happen if the background query does not match any docs with field X
+        final long docsWithField = getNumFound(params("_trace", "noBuckets",
+                                                      "rows", "0",
+                                                      "q", facet.field+":[* TO *]",
+                                                      "fq", baseParams.get("back")));
+
+        assertEquals(facetKey + " has no buckets, but docs in background exist with field: " + facet.field,
+                     0, docsWithField);
+      }
+
+      // NOTE: it's important that we do this depth first -- not just because it's the easiest way to do it,
+      // but because it means that our maxBucketsToCheck will ensure we do a lot of deep sub-bucket checking,
+      // not just all the buckets of the top level(s) facet(s)
+      for (NamedList bucket : buckets) {
+        final String fieldVal = bucket.get("val").toString(); // int or stringified int
+
+        verifySKGResults(facetKey, facet, baseParams, fieldVal, bucket);
+        if (maxBucketsToCheck.decrementAndGet() <= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+        
+        final SolrParams verifyParams = SolrParams.wrapAppended(baseParams,
+                                                                params("fq", facet.field + ":" + fieldVal));
+        
+        // recursively check subFacets
+        if (! facet.subFacets.isEmpty()) {
+          assertFacetSKGsAreCorrect(maxBucketsToCheck, facet.subFacets, verifyParams, bucket);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    
+    { // make sure we don't have any facet keys we don't expect
+      // a little hackish because subfacets have extra keys...
+      final LinkedHashSet expectedKeys = new LinkedHashSet(expected.keySet());
+      expectedKeys.add("count");
+      if (0 <= actualFacetResponse.indexOf("val",0)) {
+        expectedKeys.add("val");
+        expectedKeys.add("skg");
+      }
+      assertEquals("Unexpected keys in facet response",
+                   expectedKeys, actualFacetResponse.asShallowMap().keySet());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verifies that the popularity &amp; relatedness values containined in a single SKG bucket 
+   * match the expected values based on the facet field &amp; bucket value, as well the existing 
+   * filterParams.
+   * 
+   * @see #assertFacetSKGsAreCorrect
+   */
+  private void verifySKGResults(String facetKey, TermFacet facet, SolrParams filterParams,
+                                String fieldVal, NamedList<Object> bucket)
+    throws SolrServerException, IOException {
+
+    final String bucketQ = facet.field+":"+fieldVal;
+    final NamedList<Object> skgBucket = (NamedList<Object>) bucket.get("skg");
+    assertNotNull(facetKey + "/bucket:" + bucket.toString(), skgBucket);
+
+    // TODO: make this more efficient?
+    // ideally we'd do a single query w/4 facet.queries, one for each count
+    // but formatting the queries is a pain, currently we leverage the accumulated fq's
+    final long fgSize = getNumFound(SolrParams.wrapAppended(params("_trace", "fgSize",
+                                                                   "rows","0",
+                                                                   "q","{!query v=$fore}"),
+                                                            filterParams));
+    final long bgSize = getNumFound(params("_trace", "bgSize",
+                                           "rows","0",
+                                           "q", filterParams.get("back")));
+    
+    final long fgCount = getNumFound(SolrParams.wrapAppended(params("_trace", "fgCount",
+                                                                   "rows","0",
+                                                                    "q","{!query v=$fore}",
+                                                                    "fq", bucketQ),
+                                                             filterParams));
+    final long bgCount = getNumFound(params("_trace", "bgCount",
+                                            "rows","0",
+                                            "q", bucketQ,
+                                            "fq", filterParams.get("back")));
+
+    assertEquals(facetKey + "/bucket:" + bucket + " => fgPop should be: " + fgCount + " / " + bgSize,
+                 roundTo5Digits((double) fgCount / bgSize),
+                 skgBucket.get("foreground_popularity"));
+    assertEquals(facetKey + "/bucket:" + bucket + " => bgPop should be: " + bgCount + " / " + bgSize,
+                 roundTo5Digits((double) bgCount / bgSize),
+                 skgBucket.get("background_popularity"));
+    assertEquals(facetKey + "/bucket:" + bucket + " => relatedness is wrong",
+                 roundTo5Digits(computeRelatedness(fgCount, fgSize, bgCount, bgSize)),
+                 skgBucket.get("relatedness"));
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  /**
+   * Trivial data structure for modeling a simple terms facet that can be written out as a json.facet param.
+   *
+   * Doesn't do any string escaping or quoting, so don't use whitespace or reserved json characters
+   */
+  private static final class TermFacet {
+    public final String field;
+    public final Map<String,TermFacet> subFacets = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    public final Integer limit; // may be null
+    public final Integer overrequest; // may be null
+    public final String sort; // may be null
+    /** Simplified constructor asks for limit = # unique vals */
+    public TermFacet(String field) {
+      this(field, UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS, 0, "skg desc"); 
+      
+    }
+    public TermFacet(String field, Integer limit, Integer overrequest, String sort) {
+      assert null != field;
+      this.field = field;
+      this.limit = limit;
+      this.overrequest = overrequest;
+      this.sort = sort;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * recursively generates the <code>json.facet</code> param value to use for testing this facet
+     */
+    private CharSequence toJSONFacetParamValue() {
+      final String limitStr = (null == limit) ? "" : (", limit:" + limit);
+      final String overrequestStr = (null == overrequest) ? "" : (", overrequest:" + overrequest);
+      final String sortStr = (null == sort) ? "" : (", sort: '" + sort + "'");
+      final StringBuilder sb
+        = new StringBuilder("{ type:terms, field:" + field + limitStr + overrequestStr + sortStr);
+
+      // see class javadocs for why we always use refine:true & the query:'*:*' domain for this test.
+      sb.append(", refine: true, domain: { query: '*:*' }, facet:");
+      sb.append(toJSONFacetParamValue(subFacets, "skg : 'relatedness($fore,$back)'"));
+      sb.append("}");
+      return sb;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Given a set of (possibly nested) facets, generates a suitable <code>json.facet</code> param value to 
+     * use for testing them against in a solr request.
+     */
+    public static CharSequence toJSONFacetParamValue(final Map<String,TermFacet> facets,
+                                                     final String extraJson) {
+      assert null != facets;
+      if (0 == facets.size() && null == extraJson) {
+        return "";
+      }
+
+      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("{ processEmpty: true, ");
+      for (String key : facets.keySet()) {
+        sb.append(key).append(" : ").append(facets.get(key).toJSONFacetParamValue());
+        sb.append(" ,");
+      }
+      if (null == extraJson) {
+        sb.setLength(sb.length() - 1);
+      } else {
+        sb.append(extraJson);
+      }
+      sb.append("}");
+      return sb;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Factory method for generating some random facets.  
+     *
+     * For simplicity, each facet will have a unique key name.
+     */
+    public static Map<String,TermFacet> buildRandomFacets() {
+      // for simplicity, use a unique facet key regardless of depth - simplifies verification
+      // and le's us enforce a hard limit on the total number of facets in a request
+      AtomicInteger keyCounter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+      
+      final int maxDepth = TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 0, (usually() ? 2 : 3));
+      return buildRandomFacets(keyCounter, maxDepth);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * picks a random value for the "sort" param, biased in favor of interesting test cases
+     *
+     * @return a sort string (w/direction), or null to specify nothing (trigger default behavior)
+     * @see #randomLimitParam
+     */
+    public static String randomSortParam(Random r) {
+
+      // IMPORTANT!!!
+      // if this method is modified to produce new sorts, make sure to update
+      // randomLimitParam to account for them if they are impacted by SOLR-12556
+      final String dir = random().nextBoolean() ? "asc" : "desc";
+      switch(r.nextInt(4)) {
+        case 0: return null;
+        case 1: return "count " + dir;
+        case 2: return "skg " + dir;
+        case 3: return "index " + dir;
+        default: throw new RuntimeException("Broken case statement");
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * picks a random value for the "limit" param, biased in favor of interesting test cases
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * <b>NOTE:</b> Due to SOLR-12556, we have to force an overrequest of "all" possible terms for 
+     * some sort values.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @return a number to specify in the request, or null to specify nothing (trigger default behavior)
+     * @see #UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS
+     * @see #randomSortParam
+     */
+    public static Integer randomLimitParam(Random r, final String sort) {
+      if (null != sort) {
+        if (sort.equals("count asc") || sort.startsWith("skg")) {
+          // of the known types of sorts produced, these are at risk of SOLR-12556
+          // so request (effectively) unlimited num buckets
+          return r.nextBoolean() ? UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS : -1;
+        }
+      }
+      final int limit = 1 + r.nextInt((int) (UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS * 1.5F));
+      if (limit >= UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS && r.nextBoolean()) {
+        return -1; // unlimited
+      } else if (limit == DEFAULT_LIMIT && r.nextBoolean()) { 
+        return null; // sometimes, don't specify limit if it's the default
+      }
+      return limit;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * picks a random value for the "overrequest" param, biased in favor of interesting test cases.
+     *
+     * @return a number to specify in the request, or null to specify nothing (trigger default behavior)
+     * @see #UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS
+     */
+    public static Integer randomOverrequestParam(Random r) {
+      switch(r.nextInt(10)) {
+        case 0:
+        case 1:
+        case 2:
+        case 3:
+          return 0; // 40% of the time, disable overrequest to better stress refinement
+        case 4:
+        case 5:
+          return r.nextInt(UNIQUE_FIELD_VALS); // 20% ask for less them what's needed
+        case 6:
+          return r.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE); // 10%: completley random value, statisticaly more then enough
+        default: break;
+      }
+      // else.... either leave param unspecified (or redundently specify the -1 default)
+      return r.nextBoolean() ? null : -1;
+    }
+
+    /** 
+     * recursive helper method for building random facets
+     *
+     * @param keyCounter used to ensure every generated facet has a unique key name
+     * @param maxDepth max possible depth allowed for the recusion, a lower value may be used depending on how many facets are returned at the current level. 
+     */
+    private static Map<String,TermFacet> buildRandomFacets(AtomicInteger keyCounter, int maxDepth) {
+      final int numFacets = Math.max(1, TestUtil.nextInt(random(), -1, 3)); // 3/5th chance of being '1'
+      Map<String,TermFacet> results = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      for (int i = 0; i < numFacets; i++) {
+        if (keyCounter.get() < 3) { // a hard limit on the total number of facets (regardless of depth) to reduce OOM risk
+          
+          final String sort = randomSortParam(random());
+          final Integer limit = randomLimitParam(random(), sort);
+          final Integer overrequest = randomOverrequestParam(random());
+          final TermFacet facet =  new TermFacet(field((random().nextBoolean()
+                                                        ? STR_FIELD_SUFFIXES : INT_FIELD_SUFFIXES),
+                                                       random().nextInt(MAX_FIELD_NUM)),
+                                                 limit, overrequest, sort);
+          results.put("facet_" + keyCounter.incrementAndGet(), facet);
+          if (0 < maxDepth) {
+            // if we're going wide, don't go deep
+            final int nextMaxDepth = Math.max(0, maxDepth - numFacets);
+            facet.subFacets.putAll(buildRandomFacets(keyCounter, TestUtil.nextInt(random(), 0, nextMaxDepth)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return results;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 
+   * returns a random SolrClient -- either a CloudSolrClient, or an HttpSolrClient pointed 
+   * at a node in our cluster 
+   */
+  public static SolrClient getRandClient(Random rand) {
+    int numClients = CLIENTS.size();
+    int idx = TestUtil.nextInt(rand, 0, numClients);
+
+    return (idx == numClients) ? CLOUD_CLIENT : CLIENTS.get(idx);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Uses a random SolrClient to execture a request and returns only the numFound
+   * @see #getRandClient
+   */
+  public static long getNumFound(final SolrParams req) throws SolrServerException, IOException {
+    return getRandClient(random()).query(req).getResults().getNumFound();
+  }
+  
+  public static void waitForRecoveriesToFinish(CloudSolrClient client) throws Exception {
+    assert null != client.getDefaultCollection();
+    AbstractDistribZkTestBase.waitForRecoveriesToFinish(client.getDefaultCollection(),
+                                                        client.getZkStateReader(),
+                                                        true, true, 330);
+  }
+
+}