Re: [PR] CASSANDRA-18753: Provide cassandra_latest.yaml with suitable defaults for new users [cassandra]

["dcapwell (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>]

dcapwell commented on code in PR #2896:
URL: https://github.com/apache/cassandra/pull/2896#discussion_r1488420719


##########
conf/cassandra_latest.yaml:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,2175 @@
+
+# Cassandra storage config YAML
+
+# NOTE:
+#   See https://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/configuration/ for
+#   full explanations of configuration directives
+# /NOTE
+
+# NOTE:
+#   This file is provided in two versions:
+#     - cassandra.yaml: Contains configuration defaults for a "compatible"
+#       configuration that operates using settings that are backwards-compatible
+#       and interoperable with machines running older versions of Cassandra.
+#       This version is provided to facilitate pain-free upgrades for existing
+#       users of Cassandra running in production who want to gradually and
+#       carefully introduce new features.
+#     - cassandra_latest.yaml: Contains configuration defaults that enable
+#       the latest features of Cassandra, including improved functionality as
+#       well as higher performance. This version is provided for new users of
+#       Cassandra who want to get the most out of their cluster, and for users
+#       evaluating the technology.
+#       To use this version, simply copy this file over cassandra.yaml, or specify
+#       it using the -Dcassandra.config system property, e.g. by running
+#         cassandra -Dcassandra.config=file:/$CASSANDRA_HOME/conf/cassandra_latest.yaml
+# /NOTE
+
+# The name of the cluster. This is mainly used to prevent machines in
+# one logical cluster from joining another.
+cluster_name: 'Test Cluster'
+
+# This defines the number of tokens randomly assigned to this node on the ring
+# The more tokens, relative to other nodes, the larger the proportion of data
+# that this node will store. You probably want all nodes to have the same number
+# of tokens assuming they have equal hardware capability.
+#
+# If you leave this unspecified, Cassandra will use the default of 1 token for legacy compatibility,
+# and will use the initial_token as described below.
+#
+# Specifying initial_token will override this setting on the node's initial start,
+# on subsequent starts, this setting will apply even if initial token is set.
+#
+# See https://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/getting-started/production.html#tokens for
+# best practice information about num_tokens.
+#
+num_tokens: 16
+
+# Triggers automatic allocation of num_tokens tokens for this node. The allocation
+# algorithm attempts to choose tokens in a way that optimizes replicated load over
+# the nodes in the datacenter for the replica factor.
+#
+# The load assigned to each node will be close to proportional to its number of
+# vnodes.
+#
+# Only supported with the Murmur3Partitioner.
+
+# Replica factor is determined via the replication strategy used by the specified
+# keyspace.
+# allocate_tokens_for_keyspace: KEYSPACE
+
+# Replica factor is explicitly set, regardless of keyspace or datacenter.
+# This is the replica factor within the datacenter, like NTS.
+allocate_tokens_for_local_replication_factor: 3
+
+# initial_token allows you to specify tokens manually.  While you can use it with
+# vnodes (num_tokens > 1, above) -- in which case you should provide a
+# comma-separated list -- it's primarily used when adding nodes to legacy clusters
+# that do not have vnodes enabled.
+# initial_token:
+
+# May either be "true" or "false" to enable globally
+hinted_handoff_enabled: true
+
+# When hinted_handoff_enabled is true, a black list of data centers that will not
+# perform hinted handoff
+# hinted_handoff_disabled_datacenters:
+#    - DC1
+#    - DC2
+
+# this defines the maximum amount of time a dead host will have hints
+# generated.  After it has been dead this long, new hints for it will not be
+# created until it has been seen alive and gone down again.
+# Min unit: ms
+max_hint_window: 3h
+
+# Maximum throttle in KiBs per second, per delivery thread.  This will be
+# reduced proportionally to the number of nodes in the cluster.  (If there
+# are two nodes in the cluster, each delivery thread will use the maximum
+# rate; if there are three, each will throttle to half of the maximum,
+# since we expect two nodes to be delivering hints simultaneously.)
+# Min unit: KiB
+hinted_handoff_throttle: 1024KiB
+
+# Number of threads with which to deliver hints;
+# Consider increasing this number when you have multi-dc deployments, since
+# cross-dc handoff tends to be slower
+max_hints_delivery_threads: 2
+
+# Directory where Cassandra should store hints.
+# If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/hints.
+# hints_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/hints
+
+# How often hints should be flushed from the internal buffers to disk.
+# Will *not* trigger fsync.
+# Min unit: ms
+hints_flush_period: 10000ms
+
+# Maximum size for a single hints file, in mebibytes.
+# Min unit: MiB
+max_hints_file_size: 128MiB
+
+# The file size limit to store hints for an unreachable host, in mebibytes.
+# Once the local hints files have reached the limit, no more new hints will be created.
+# Set a non-positive value will disable the size limit.
+# max_hints_size_per_host: 0MiB
+
+# Enable / disable automatic cleanup for the expired and orphaned hints file.
+# Disable the option in order to preserve those hints on the disk.
+auto_hints_cleanup_enabled: false
+
+# Enable/disable transfering hints to a peer during decommission. Even when enabled, this does not guarantee
+# consistency for logged batches, and it may delay decommission when coupled with a strict hinted_handoff_throttle. 
+# Default: true
+# transfer_hints_on_decommission: true
+
+# Compression to apply to the hint files. If omitted, hints files
+# will be written uncompressed. LZ4, Snappy, and Deflate compressors
+# are supported.
+#hints_compression:
+#   - class_name: LZ4Compressor
+#     parameters:
+#         -
+
+# Directory where Cassandra should store results of a One-Shot troubleshooting heapdump for uncaught exceptions.
+# Note: this value can be overridden by the -XX:HeapDumpPath JVM env param with a relative local path for testing if
+# so desired.
+# If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/heapdump
+# heap_dump_path: /var/lib/cassandra/heapdump
+
+# Enable / disable automatic dump of heap on first uncaught exception
+# If not set, the default value is false
+# dump_heap_on_uncaught_exception: true
+
+# Enable / disable persistent hint windows.
+#
+# If set to false, a hint will be stored only in case a respective node
+# that hint is for is down less than or equal to max_hint_window.
+#
+# If set to true, a hint will be stored in case there is not any
+# hint which was stored earlier than max_hint_window. This is for cases
+# when a node keeps to restart and hints are not delivered yet, we would be saving
+# hints for that node indefinitely.
+#
+# Defaults to true.
+#
+# hint_window_persistent_enabled: true
+
+# Maximum throttle in KiBs per second, total. This will be
+# reduced proportionally to the number of nodes in the cluster.
+# Min unit: KiB
+batchlog_replay_throttle: 1024KiB
+
+# Authentication backend, implementing IAuthenticator; used to identify users
+# Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.{AllowAllAuthenticator,
+# PasswordAuthenticator}.
+#
+# - AllowAllAuthenticator performs no checks - set it to disable authentication.
+# - PasswordAuthenticator relies on username/password pairs to authenticate
+#   users. It keeps usernames and hashed passwords in system_auth.roles table.
+#   Please increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this authenticator.
+#   If using PasswordAuthenticator, CassandraRoleManager must also be used (see below)
+authenticator:
+  class_name : org.apache.cassandra.auth.AllowAllAuthenticator
+# MutualTlsAuthenticator can be configured using the following configuration. One can add their own validator
+# which implements MutualTlsCertificateValidator class and provide logic for extracting identity out of certificates
+# and validating certificates.
+#  class_name : org.apache.cassandra.auth.MutualTlsAuthenticator
+#  parameters :
+#    validator_class_name: org.apache.cassandra.auth.SpiffeCertificateValidator
+
+# Authorization backend, implementing IAuthorizer; used to limit access/provide permissions
+# Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.{AllowAllAuthorizer,
+# CassandraAuthorizer}.
+#
+# - AllowAllAuthorizer allows any action to any user - set it to disable authorization.
+# - CassandraAuthorizer stores permissions in system_auth.role_permissions table. Please
+#   increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this authorizer.
+authorizer: AllowAllAuthorizer
+
+# Part of the Authentication & Authorization backend, implementing IRoleManager; used
+# to maintain grants and memberships between roles.
+# Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.CassandraRoleManager,
+# which stores role information in the system_auth keyspace. Most functions of the
+# IRoleManager require an authenticated login, so unless the configured IAuthenticator
+# actually implements authentication, most of this functionality will be unavailable.
+#
+# - CassandraRoleManager stores role data in the system_auth keyspace. Please
+#   increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this role manager.
+role_manager: CassandraRoleManager
+
+# Network authorization backend, implementing INetworkAuthorizer; used to restrict user
+# access to certain DCs
+# Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.{AllowAllNetworkAuthorizer,
+# CassandraNetworkAuthorizer}.
+#
+# - AllowAllNetworkAuthorizer allows access to any DC to any user - set it to disable authorization.
+# - CassandraNetworkAuthorizer stores permissions in system_auth.network_permissions table. Please
+#   increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this authorizer.
+network_authorizer: AllowAllNetworkAuthorizer
+
+# CIDR authorization backend, implementing ICIDRAuthorizer; used to restrict user
+# access from certain CIDRs
+# Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.{AllowAllCIDRAuthorizer,
+# CassandraCIDRAuthorizer}.
+# - AllowAllCIDRAuthorizer allows access from any CIDR to any user - set it to disable CIDR authorization.
+# - CassandraCIDRAuthorizer stores user's CIDR permissions in system_auth.cidr_permissions table. Please
+#   increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this authorizer, otherwise any changes to
+#   system_auth tables being used by this feature may be lost when a host goes down.
+cidr_authorizer:
+  class_name: AllowAllCIDRAuthorizer
+  # Below parameters are used only when CIDR authorizer is enabled
+  # parameters:
+    # CIDR authorizer when enabled, i.e, CassandraCIDRAuthorizer, is applicable for non-superusers only by default.
+    # Set this setting to true, to enable CIDR authorization for superusers as well.
+    # Note: CIDR checks cannot be performed for JMX calls
+    # cidr_checks_for_superusers: true
+
+    # CIDR authorizer when enabled, supports MONITOR and ENFORCE modes. Default mode is MONITOR
+    # In MONITOR mode, CIDR checks are NOT enforced. Instead, CIDR groups of users accesses are logged using
+    # nospamlogger. A warning message would be logged if a user accesses from unauthorized CIDR group (but access won't
+    # be rejected). An info message would be logged otherwise.
+    # In ENFORCE mode, CIDR checks are enforced, i.e, users accesses would be rejected if attempted from unauthorized
+    # CIDR groups.
+    # cidr_authorizer_mode: MONITOR
+
+    # Refresh interval for CIDR groups cache, this value is considered in minutes
+    # cidr_groups_cache_refresh_interval: 5
+
+    # Maximum number of entries an IP to CIDR groups cache can accommodate
+    # ip_cache_max_size: 100
+
+# Depending on the auth strategy of the cluster, it can be beneficial to iterate
+# from root to table (root -> ks -> table) instead of table to root (table -> ks -> root).
+# As the auth entries are whitelisting, once a permission is found you know it to be
+# valid. We default to false as the legacy behavior is to query at the table level then
+# move back up to the root. See CASSANDRA-17016 for details.
+# traverse_auth_from_root: false
+
+# Validity period for roles cache (fetching granted roles can be an expensive
+# operation depending on the role manager, CassandraRoleManager is one example)
+# Granted roles are cached for authenticated sessions in AuthenticatedUser and
+# after the period specified here, become eligible for (async) reload.
+# Defaults to 2000, set to 0 to disable caching entirely.
+# Will be disabled automatically for AllowAllAuthenticator.
+# For a long-running cache using roles_cache_active_update, consider
+# setting to something longer such as a daily validation: 86400000
+# Min unit: ms
+roles_validity: 2000ms
+
+# Refresh interval for roles cache (if enabled).
+# After this interval, cache entries become eligible for refresh. Upon next
+# access, an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it
+# completes. If roles_validity is non-zero, then this must be
+# also.
+# This setting is also used to inform the interval of auto-updating if
+# using roles_cache_active_update.
+# Defaults to the same value as roles_validity.
+# For a long-running cache, consider setting this to 60000 (1 hour) etc.
+# Min unit: ms
+# roles_update_interval: 2000ms
+
+# If true, cache contents are actively updated by a background task at the
+# interval set by roles_update_interval. If false, cache entries
+# become eligible for refresh after their update interval. Upon next access,
+# an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it completes.
+# roles_cache_active_update: false
+
+# Validity period for permissions cache (fetching permissions can be an
+# expensive operation depending on the authorizer, CassandraAuthorizer is
+# one example). Defaults to 2000, set to 0 to disable.
+# Will be disabled automatically for AllowAllAuthorizer.
+# For a long-running cache using permissions_cache_active_update, consider
+# setting to something longer such as a daily validation: 86400000ms
+# Min unit: ms
+permissions_validity: 2000ms
+
+# Refresh interval for permissions cache (if enabled).
+# After this interval, cache entries become eligible for refresh. Upon next
+# access, an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it
+# completes. If permissions_validity is non-zero, then this must be
+# also.
+# This setting is also used to inform the interval of auto-updating if
+# using permissions_cache_active_update.
+# Defaults to the same value as permissions_validity.
+# For a longer-running permissions cache, consider setting to update hourly (60000)
+# Min unit: ms
+# permissions_update_interval: 2000ms
+
+# If true, cache contents are actively updated by a background task at the
+# interval set by permissions_update_interval. If false, cache entries
+# become eligible for refresh after their update interval. Upon next access,
+# an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it completes.
+# permissions_cache_active_update: false
+
+# Validity period for credentials cache. This cache is tightly coupled to
+# the provided PasswordAuthenticator implementation of IAuthenticator. If
+# another IAuthenticator implementation is configured, this cache will not
+# be automatically used and so the following settings will have no effect.
+# Please note, credentials are cached in their encrypted form, so while
+# activating this cache may reduce the number of queries made to the
+# underlying table, it may not  bring a significant reduction in the
+# latency of individual authentication attempts.
+# Defaults to 2000, set to 0 to disable credentials caching.
+# For a long-running cache using credentials_cache_active_update, consider
+# setting to something longer such as a daily validation: 86400000
+# Min unit: ms
+credentials_validity: 2000ms
+
+# Refresh interval for credentials cache (if enabled).
+# After this interval, cache entries become eligible for refresh. Upon next
+# access, an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it
+# completes. If credentials_validity is non-zero, then this must be
+# also.
+# This setting is also used to inform the interval of auto-updating if
+# using credentials_cache_active_update.
+# Defaults to the same value as credentials_validity.
+# For a longer-running permissions cache, consider setting to update hourly (60000)
+# Min unit: ms
+# credentials_update_interval: 2000ms
+
+# If true, cache contents are actively updated by a background task at the
+# interval set by credentials_update_interval. If false (default), cache entries
+# become eligible for refresh after their update interval. Upon next access,
+# an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it completes.
+# credentials_cache_active_update: false
+
+# The partitioner is responsible for distributing groups of rows (by
+# partition key) across nodes in the cluster. The partitioner can NOT be
+# changed without reloading all data.  If you are adding nodes or upgrading,
+# you should set this to the same partitioner that you are currently using.
+#
+# The default partitioner is the Murmur3Partitioner. Older partitioners
+# such as the RandomPartitioner, ByteOrderedPartitioner, and
+# OrderPreservingPartitioner have been included for backward compatibility only.
+# For new clusters, you should NOT change this value.
+#
+partitioner: org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner
+
+# Directories where Cassandra should store data on disk. If multiple
+# directories are specified, Cassandra will spread data evenly across
+# them by partitioning the token ranges.
+# If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/data.
+# data_file_directories:
+#     - /var/lib/cassandra/data
+
+# Directory were Cassandra should store the data of the local system keyspaces.
+# By default Cassandra will store the data of the local system keyspaces in the first of the data directories specified
+# by data_file_directories.
+# This approach ensures that if one of the other disks is lost Cassandra can continue to operate. For extra security
+# this setting allows to store those data on a different directory that provides redundancy.
+# local_system_data_file_directory:
+
+# commit log.  when running on magnetic HDD, this should be a
+# separate spindle than the data directories.
+# If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/commitlog.
+# commitlog_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/commitlog
+
+# Enable / disable CDC functionality on a per-node basis. This modifies the logic used
+# for write path allocation rejection (standard: never reject. cdc: reject Mutation
+# containing a CDC-enabled table if at space limit in cdc_raw_directory).
+cdc_enabled: false
+
+# Specify whether writes to the CDC-enabled tables should be blocked when CDC data on disk has reached to the limit.
+# When setting to false, the writes will not be blocked and the oldest CDC data on disk will be deleted to
+# ensure the size constraint. The default is true.
+# cdc_block_writes: true
+
+# Specify whether CDC mutations are replayed through the write path on streaming, e.g. repair.
+# When enabled, CDC data streamed to the destination node will be written into commit log first. When setting to false,
+# the streamed CDC data is written into SSTables just the same as normal streaming. The default is true.
+# If this is set to false, streaming will be considerably faster however it's possible that, in extreme situations
+# (losing > quorum # nodes in a replica set), you may have data in your SSTables that never makes it to the CDC log.
+# cdc_on_repair_enabled: true
+
+# CommitLogSegments are moved to this directory on flush if cdc_enabled: true and the
+# segment contains mutations for a CDC-enabled table. This should be placed on a
+# separate spindle than the data directories. If not set, the default directory is
+# $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/cdc_raw.
+# cdc_raw_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/cdc_raw
+
+# Policy for accessing disk:
+#
+# auto
+#   Enable mmap on both data and index files on a 64-bit JVM.
+#
+# standard
+#   Disable mmap entirely.
+#
+# mmap
+#   Map index and data files. mmap can cause excessive paging if all actively read SSTables do not fit into RAM.
+#
+# mmap_index_only
+#   Similar to mmap but maps only index files. Using this setting might also help if you observe high number of page
+#   faults or steals along with increased latencies. This setting is default.
+#
+# disk_access_mode: mmap_index_only
+
+# Policy for data disk failures:
+#
+# die
+#   shut down gossip and client transports and kill the JVM for any fs errors or
+#   single-sstable errors, so the node can be replaced.
+#
+# stop_paranoid
+#   shut down gossip and client transports even for single-sstable errors,
+#   kill the JVM for errors during startup.
+#
+# stop
+#   shut down gossip and client transports, leaving the node effectively dead, but
+#   can still be inspected via JMX, kill the JVM for errors during startup.
+#
+# best_effort
+#    stop using the failed disk and respond to requests based on
+#    remaining available sstables.  This means you WILL see obsolete
+#    data at CL.ONE!
+#
+# ignore
+#    ignore fatal errors and let requests fail, as in pre-1.2 Cassandra
+disk_failure_policy: stop
+
+# Policy for commit disk failures:
+#
+# die
+#   shut down the node and kill the JVM, so the node can be replaced.
+#
+# stop
+#   shut down the node, leaving the node effectively dead, but
+#   can still be inspected via JMX.
+#
+# stop_commit
+#   shutdown the commit log, letting writes collect but
+#   continuing to service reads, as in pre-2.0.5 Cassandra
+#
+# ignore
+#   ignore fatal errors and let the batches fail
+commit_failure_policy: stop
+
+# Maximum size of the native protocol prepared statement cache
+#
+# Valid values are either "auto" (omitting the value) or a value greater 0.
+#
+# Note that specifying a too large value will result in long running GCs and possbily
+# out-of-memory errors. Keep the value at a small fraction of the heap.
+#
+# If you constantly see "prepared statements discarded in the last minute because
+# cache limit reached" messages, the first step is to investigate the root cause
+# of these messages and check whether prepared statements are used correctly -
+# i.e. use bind markers for variable parts.
+#
+# Do only change the default value, if you really have more prepared statements than
+# fit in the cache. In most cases it is not neccessary to change this value.
+# Constantly re-preparing statements is a performance penalty.
+#
+# Default value ("auto") is 1/256th of the heap or 10MiB, whichever is greater
+# Min unit: MiB
+prepared_statements_cache_size:
+
+# Maximum size of the key cache in memory.
+#
+# Each key cache hit saves 1 seek and each row cache hit saves 2 seeks at the
+# minimum, sometimes more. The key cache is fairly tiny for the amount of
+# time it saves, so it's worthwhile to use it at large numbers.
+# The row cache saves even more time, but must contain the entire row,
+# so it is extremely space-intensive. It's best to only use the
+# row cache if you have hot rows or static rows.
+#
+# NOTE: if you reduce the size, you may not get you hottest keys loaded on startup.
+#
+# Default value is empty to make it "auto" (min(5% of Heap (in MiB), 100MiB)). Set to 0 to disable key cache.
+#
+# This is only relevant to SSTable formats that use key cache, e.g. BIG.
+#
+# This version of the configuration is intended for new installs and disables
+# the key cache. Do not do this if you are upgrading from an older Cassandra
+# version and still have sstables in BIG format as it can degrade performance.
+# Min unit: MiB
+key_cache_size: 0MiB
+
+# Duration in seconds after which Cassandra should
+# save the key cache. Caches are saved to saved_caches_directory as
+# specified in this configuration file.
+#
+# Saved caches greatly improve cold-start speeds, and is relatively cheap in
+# terms of I/O for the key cache. Row cache saving is much more expensive and
+# has limited use.
+#
+# This is only relevant to SSTable formats that use key cache, e.g. BIG.
+# Default is 14400 or 4 hours.
+# Min unit: s
+# key_cache_save_period: 4h
+
+# Number of keys from the key cache to save
+# Disabled by default, meaning all keys are going to be saved
+# This is only relevant to SSTable formats that use key cache, e.g. BIG.
+# key_cache_keys_to_save: 100
+
+# Row cache implementation class name. Available implementations:
+#
+# org.apache.cassandra.cache.OHCProvider
+#   Fully off-heap row cache implementation (default).
+#
+# org.apache.cassandra.cache.SerializingCacheProvider
+#   This is the row cache implementation available
+#   in previous releases of Cassandra.
+# row_cache_class_name: org.apache.cassandra.cache.OHCProvider
+
+# Maximum size of the row cache in memory.
+# Please note that OHC cache implementation requires some additional off-heap memory to manage
+# the map structures and some in-flight memory during operations before/after cache entries can be
+# accounted against the cache capacity. This overhead is usually small compared to the whole capacity.
+# Do not specify more memory that the system can afford in the worst usual situation and leave some
+# headroom for OS block level cache. Do never allow your system to swap.
+#
+# Default value is 0, to disable row caching.
+# Min unit: MiB
+row_cache_size: 0MiB
+
+# Duration in seconds after which Cassandra should save the row cache.
+# Caches are saved to saved_caches_directory as specified in this configuration file.
+#
+# Saved caches greatly improve cold-start speeds, and is relatively cheap in
+# terms of I/O for the key cache. Row cache saving is much more expensive and
+# has limited use.
+#
+# Default is 0 to disable saving the row cache.
+# Min unit: s
+row_cache_save_period: 0s
+
+# Number of keys from the row cache to save.
+# Specify 0 (which is the default), meaning all keys are going to be saved
+# row_cache_keys_to_save: 100
+
+# Maximum size of the counter cache in memory.
+#
+# Counter cache helps to reduce counter locks' contention for hot counter cells.
+# In case of RF = 1 a counter cache hit will cause Cassandra to skip the read before
+# write entirely. With RF > 1 a counter cache hit will still help to reduce the duration
+# of the lock hold, helping with hot counter cell updates, but will not allow skipping
+# the read entirely. Only the local (clock, count) tuple of a counter cell is kept
+# in memory, not the whole counter, so it's relatively cheap.
+#
+# NOTE: if you reduce the size, you may not get you hottest keys loaded on startup.
+#
+# Default value is empty to make it "auto" (min(2.5% of Heap (in MiB), 50MiB)). Set to 0 to disable counter cache.
+# NOTE: if you perform counter deletes and rely on low gcgs, you should disable the counter cache.
+# Min unit: MiB
+counter_cache_size:
+
+# Duration in seconds after which Cassandra should
+# save the counter cache (keys only). Caches are saved to saved_caches_directory as
+# specified in this configuration file.
+#
+# Default is 7200 or 2 hours.
+# Min unit: s
+counter_cache_save_period: 7200s
+
+# Number of keys from the counter cache to save
+# Disabled by default, meaning all keys are going to be saved
+# counter_cache_keys_to_save: 100
+
+# saved caches
+# If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/saved_caches.
+# saved_caches_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/saved_caches
+
+# Number of seconds the server will wait for each cache (row, key, etc ...) to load while starting
+# the Cassandra process. Setting this to zero is equivalent to disabling all cache loading on startup
+# while still having the cache during runtime.
+# Min unit: s
+# cache_load_timeout: 30s
+
+# commitlog_sync may be either "periodic", "group", or "batch."
+#
+# When in batch mode, Cassandra won't ack writes until the commit log
+# has been flushed to disk.  Each incoming write will trigger the flush task.
+#
+# group mode is similar to batch mode, where Cassandra will not ack writes
+# until the commit log has been flushed to disk. The difference is group
+# mode will wait up to commitlog_sync_group_window between flushes.
+#
+# Min unit: ms
+# commitlog_sync_group_window: 1000ms
+#
+# the default option is "periodic" where writes may be acked immediately
+# and the CommitLog is simply synced every commitlog_sync_period
+# milliseconds.
+commitlog_sync: periodic
+# Min unit: ms
+commitlog_sync_period: 10000ms
+
+# When in periodic commitlog mode, the number of milliseconds to block writes
+# while waiting for a slow disk flush to complete.
+# Min unit: ms
+# periodic_commitlog_sync_lag_block:
+
+# The size of the individual commitlog file segments.  A commitlog
+# segment may be archived, deleted, or recycled once all the data
+# in it (potentially from each columnfamily in the system) has been
+# flushed to sstables.
+#
+# The default size is 32, which is almost always fine, but if you are
+# archiving commitlog segments (see commitlog_archiving.properties),
+# then you probably want a finer granularity of archiving; 8 or 16 MB
+# is reasonable.
+# Max mutation size is also configurable via max_mutation_size setting in
+# cassandra.yaml. The default is half the size commitlog_segment_size in bytes.
+# This should be positive and less than 2048.
+#
+# NOTE: If max_mutation_size is set explicitly then commitlog_segment_size must
+# be set to at least twice the size of max_mutation_size
+#
+# Min unit: MiB
+commitlog_segment_size: 32MiB
+
+# Compression to apply to the commit log. If omitted, the commit log
+# will be written uncompressed.  LZ4, Snappy, and Deflate compressors
+# are supported.
+# commitlog_compression:
+#   - class_name: LZ4Compressor
+#     parameters:
+#         -
+
+
+# Set the disk access mode for writing commitlog segments. The allowed values are:
+# - auto: version dependent optimal setting
+# - legacy: the default mode as used in Cassandra 4.x and earlier (standard I/O when the commitlog is either
+#   compressed or encrypted or mmap otherwise)
+# - mmap: use memory mapped I/O - available only when the commitlog is neither compressed nor encrypted
+# - direct: use direct I/O - available only when the commitlog is neither compressed nor encrypted
+# - standard: use standard I/O - available only when the commitlog is compressed or encrypted
+# The default setting is legacy when the storage compatibility is set to 4 or auto otherwise.
+commitlog_disk_access_mode: auto
+
+# Compression to apply to SSTables as they flush for compressed tables.
+# Note that tables without compression enabled do not respect this flag.
+#
+# As high ratio compressors like LZ4HC, Zstd, and Deflate can potentially
+# block flushes for too long, the default is to flush with a known fast
+# compressor in those cases. Options are:
+#
+# none : Flush without compressing blocks but while still doing checksums.
+# fast : Flush with a fast compressor. If the table is already using a
+#        fast compressor that compressor is used.
+# table: Always flush with the same compressor that the table uses. This
+#        was the pre 4.0 behavior.
+#
+# flush_compression: fast
+
+# any class that implements the SeedProvider interface and has a
+# constructor that takes a Map<String, String> of parameters will do.
+seed_provider:
+  # Addresses of hosts that are deemed contact points.
+  # Cassandra nodes use this list of hosts to find each other and learn
+  # the topology of the ring.  You must change this if you are running
+  # multiple nodes!
+  - class_name: org.apache.cassandra.locator.SimpleSeedProvider
+    parameters:
+      # seeds is actually a comma-delimited list of addresses.
+      # Ex: "<ip1>,<ip2>,<ip3>"
+      - seeds: "127.0.0.1:7000"
+      # If set to "true", SimpleSeedProvider will return all IP addresses for a DNS name,
+      # based on the configured name service on the system. Defaults to "false".
+      #  resolve_multiple_ip_addresses_per_dns_record: "false"
+
+# For workloads with more data than can fit in memory, Cassandra's
+# bottleneck will be reads that need to fetch data from
+# disk. "concurrent_reads" should be set to (16 * number_of_drives) in
+# order to allow the operations to enqueue low enough in the stack
+# that the OS and drives can reorder them. Same applies to
+# "concurrent_counter_writes", since counter writes read the current
+# values before incrementing and writing them back.
+#
+# On the other hand, since writes are almost never IO bound, the ideal
+# number of "concurrent_writes" is dependent on the number of cores in
+# your system; (8 * number_of_cores) is a good rule of thumb.
+concurrent_reads: 32
+concurrent_writes: 32
+concurrent_counter_writes: 32
+
+# For materialized view writes, as there is a read involved, so this should
+# be limited by the less of concurrent reads or concurrent writes.
+concurrent_materialized_view_writes: 32
+
+# Maximum memory to use for inter-node and client-server networking buffers.
+#
+# Defaults to the smaller of 1/16 of heap or 128MB. This pool is allocated off-heap,
+# so is in addition to the memory allocated for heap. The cache also has on-heap
+# overhead which is roughly 128 bytes per chunk (i.e. 0.2% of the reserved size
+# if the default 64k chunk size is used).
+# Memory is only allocated when needed.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# networking_cache_size: 128MiB
+
+# Enable the sstable chunk cache.  The chunk cache will store recently accessed
+# sections of the sstable in-memory as uncompressed buffers.
+# file_cache_enabled: false
+
+# Maximum memory to use for sstable chunk cache and buffer pooling.
+# 32MB of this are reserved for pooling buffers, the rest is used for chunk cache
+# that holds uncompressed sstable chunks.
+# Defaults to the smaller of 1/4 of heap or 512MB. This pool is allocated off-heap,
+# so is in addition to the memory allocated for heap. The cache also has on-heap
+# overhead which is roughly 128 bytes per chunk (i.e. 0.2% of the reserved size
+# if the default 64k chunk size is used).
+# Memory is only allocated when needed.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# file_cache_size: 512MiB
+
+# Flag indicating whether to allocate on or off heap when the sstable buffer
+# pool is exhausted, that is when it has exceeded the maximum memory
+# file_cache_size, beyond which it will not cache buffers but allocate on request.
+
+# buffer_pool_use_heap_if_exhausted: true
+
+# The strategy for optimizing disk read
+# Possible values are:
+# ssd (for solid state disks, the default)
+# spinning (for spinning disks)
+# disk_optimization_strategy: ssd
+
+# Supported memtable implementations and selected default.
+# Currently Cassandra offers two memtable implementations:
+# - SkipListMemtable is the legacy memtable implementation provided by earlier
+#   versions of Cassandra.
+# - TrieMemtable is a new memtable that utilizes a trie data structure. This
+#   implementation significantly reduces garbage collection load by moving
+#   more of the sstable metadata off-heap, fits more data in the same allocation
+#   and can reliably handle higher write throughput.
+#   Because the trie memtable is a sharded single-writer solution, it can perform
+#   worse when the load is very unevenly distributed, e.g. when most of the writes
+#   access a very small number of partitions or with legacy secondary indexes.
+# The memtable implementation can be selected per table by setting memtable
+# property in the table definition to one of the configurations specified below.
+# If the memtable property is not set, the "default" configuration will be used.
+# See src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/memtable/Memtable_API.md for further
+# information.
+memtable:
+  configurations:
+    skiplist:
+      class_name: SkipListMemtable
+    trie:
+      class_name: TrieMemtable
+    default:
+      inherits: trie
+
+# Total permitted memory to use for memtables. Cassandra will stop
+# accepting writes when the limit is exceeded until a flush completes,
+# and will trigger a flush based on memtable_cleanup_threshold
+# If omitted, Cassandra will set both to 1/4 the size of the heap.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# memtable_heap_space: 2048MiB
+# Min unit: MiB
+# memtable_offheap_space: 2048MiB
+
+# memtable_cleanup_threshold is deprecated. The default calculation
+# is the only reasonable choice. See the comments on  memtable_flush_writers
+# for more information.
+#
+# Ratio of occupied non-flushing memtable size to total permitted size
+# that will trigger a flush of the largest memtable. Larger mct will
+# mean larger flushes and hence less compaction, but also less concurrent
+# flush activity which can make it difficult to keep your disks fed
+# under heavy write load.
+#
+# memtable_cleanup_threshold defaults to 1 / (memtable_flush_writers + 1)
+# memtable_cleanup_threshold: 0.11
+
+# Specify the way Cassandra allocates and manages memtable memory.
+# Options are:
+#
+# heap_buffers
+#   on heap nio buffers
+#
+# offheap_buffers
+#   off heap (direct) nio buffers
+#
+# offheap_objects
+#    off heap objects
+memtable_allocation_type: offheap_objects
+
+# Limit memory usage for Merkle tree calculations during repairs. The default
+# is 1/16th of the available heap. The main tradeoff is that smaller trees
+# have less resolution, which can lead to over-streaming data. If you see heap
+# pressure during repairs, consider lowering this, but you cannot go below
+# one mebibyte. If you see lots of over-streaming, consider raising
+# this or using subrange repair.
+#
+# For more details see https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-14096.
+#
+# Min unit: MiB
+# repair_session_space:
+
+# repair:
+#   # Configure the retries for each of the repair messages that support it.  As of this moment retries use an exponential algorithm where each attempt sleeps longer based off the base_sleep_time and attempt.
+#   retries:
+#     max_attempts: 10
+#     base_sleep_time: 200ms
+#     max_sleep_time: 1s
+#     # Increase the timeout of validation responses due to them containing the merkle tree
+#     merkle_tree_response:
+#       base_sleep_time: 30s
+#       max_sleep_time: 1m
+
+# Total space to use for commit logs on disk.
+#
+# If space gets above this value, Cassandra will flush every dirty CF
+# in the oldest segment and remove it.  So a small total commitlog space
+# will tend to cause more flush activity on less-active columnfamilies.
+#
+# The default value is the smaller of 8192, and 1/4 of the total space
+# of the commitlog volume.
+#
+# commitlog_total_space: 8192MiB
+
+# This sets the number of memtable flush writer threads per disk
+# as well as the total number of memtables that can be flushed concurrently.
+# These are generally a combination of compute and IO bound.
+#
+# Memtable flushing is more CPU efficient than memtable ingest and a single thread
+# can keep up with the ingest rate of a whole server on a single fast disk
+# until it temporarily becomes IO bound under contention typically with compaction.
+# At that point you need multiple flush threads. At some point in the future
+# it may become CPU bound all the time.
+#
+# You can tell if flushing is falling behind using the MemtablePool.BlockedOnAllocation
+# metric which should be 0, but will be non-zero if threads are blocked waiting on flushing
+# to free memory.
+#
+# memtable_flush_writers defaults to two for a single data directory.
+# This means that two  memtables can be flushed concurrently to the single data directory.
+# If you have multiple data directories the default is one memtable flushing at a time
+# but the flush will use a thread per data directory so you will get two or more writers.
+#
+# Two is generally enough to flush on a fast disk [array] mounted as a single data directory.
+# Adding more flush writers will result in smaller more frequent flushes that introduce more
+# compaction overhead.
+#
+# There is a direct tradeoff between number of memtables that can be flushed concurrently
+# and flush size and frequency. More is not better you just need enough flush writers
+# to never stall waiting for flushing to free memory.
+#
+# memtable_flush_writers: 2
+
+# Total space to use for change-data-capture logs on disk.
+#
+# If space gets above this value, Cassandra will throw WriteTimeoutException
+# on Mutations including tables with CDC enabled. A CDCCompactor is responsible
+# for parsing the raw CDC logs and deleting them when parsing is completed.
+#
+# The default value is the min of 4096 MiB and 1/8th of the total space
+# of the drive where cdc_raw_directory resides.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# cdc_total_space: 4096MiB
+
+# When we hit our cdc_raw limit and the CDCCompactor is either running behind
+# or experiencing backpressure, we check at the following interval to see if any
+# new space for cdc-tracked tables has been made available. Default to 250ms
+# Min unit: ms
+# cdc_free_space_check_interval: 250ms
+
+# Whether to, when doing sequential writing, fsync() at intervals in
+# order to force the operating system to flush the dirty
+# buffers. Enable this to avoid sudden dirty buffer flushing from
+# impacting read latencies. Almost always a good idea on SSDs; not
+# necessarily on platters.
+trickle_fsync: true
+# Min unit: KiB
+trickle_fsync_interval: 10240KiB
+
+# TCP port, for commands and data
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet.  Firewall it if needed.
+storage_port: 7000
+
+# SSL port, for legacy encrypted communication. This property is unused unless enabled in
+# server_encryption_options (see below). As of cassandra 4.0, this property is deprecated
+# as a single port can be used for either/both secure and insecure connections.
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet. Firewall it if needed.
+ssl_storage_port: 7001
+
+# Address or interface to bind to and tell other Cassandra nodes to connect to.
+# You _must_ change this if you want multiple nodes to be able to communicate!
+#
+# Set listen_address OR listen_interface, not both.
+#
+# Leaving it blank leaves it up to InetAddress.getLocalHost(). This
+# will always do the Right Thing _if_ the node is properly configured
+# (hostname, name resolution, etc), and the Right Thing is to use the
+# address associated with the hostname (it might not be). If unresolvable
+# it will fall back to InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress(), which is wrong for production systems.
+#
+# Setting listen_address to 0.0.0.0 is always wrong.
+#
+listen_address: localhost
+
+# Set listen_address OR listen_interface, not both. Interfaces must correspond
+# to a single address, IP aliasing is not supported.
+# listen_interface: eth0
+
+# If you choose to specify the interface by name and the interface has an ipv4 and an ipv6 address
+# you can specify which should be chosen using listen_interface_prefer_ipv6. If false the first ipv4
+# address will be used. If true the first ipv6 address will be used. Defaults to false preferring
+# ipv4. If there is only one address it will be selected regardless of ipv4/ipv6.
+# listen_interface_prefer_ipv6: false
+
+# Address to broadcast to other Cassandra nodes
+# Leaving this blank will set it to the same value as listen_address
+# broadcast_address: 1.2.3.4
+
+# When using multiple physical network interfaces, set this
+# to true to listen on broadcast_address in addition to
+# the listen_address, allowing nodes to communicate in both
+# interfaces.
+# Ignore this property if the network configuration automatically
+# routes  between the public and private networks such as EC2.
+# listen_on_broadcast_address: false
+
+# Internode authentication backend, implementing IInternodeAuthenticator;
+# used to allow/disallow connections from peer nodes.
+#internode_authenticator:
+#  class_name : org.apache.cassandra.auth.AllowAllInternodeAuthenticator
+#  parameters :
+# MutualTlsInternodeAuthenticator can be configured using the following configuration.One can add their own validator
+# which implements MutualTlsCertificateValidator class and provide logic for extracting identity out of certificates
+# and validating certificates.
+#  class_name : org.apache.cassandra.auth.MutualTlsInternodeAuthenticator
+#  parameters :
+#    validator_class_name: org.apache.cassandra.auth.SpiffeCertificateValidator
+#    trusted_peer_identities: "spiffe1,spiffe2"
+#    node_identity: "spiffe1"
+# Whether to start the native transport server.
+# The address on which the native transport is bound is defined by rpc_address.
+start_native_transport: true
+# port for the CQL native transport to listen for clients on
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet.  Firewall it if needed.
+native_transport_port: 9042
+# Enabling native transport encryption in client_encryption_options allows you to either use
+# encryption for the standard port or to use a dedicated, additional port along with the unencrypted
+# standard native_transport_port.
+# Enabling client encryption and keeping native_transport_port_ssl disabled will use encryption
+# for native_transport_port. Setting native_transport_port_ssl to a different value
+# from native_transport_port will use encryption for native_transport_port_ssl while
+# keeping native_transport_port unencrypted.
+# native_transport_port_ssl: 9142
+# The maximum threads for handling requests (note that idle threads are stopped
+# after 30 seconds so there is not corresponding minimum setting).
+# native_transport_max_threads: 128
+#
+# The maximum size of allowed frame. Frame (requests) larger than this will
+# be rejected as invalid. The default is 16MiB. If you're changing this parameter,
+# you may want to adjust max_value_size accordingly. This should be positive and less than 2048.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# native_transport_max_frame_size: 16MiB
+
+# The maximum number of concurrent client connections.
+# The default is -1, which means unlimited.
+# native_transport_max_concurrent_connections: -1
+
+# The maximum number of concurrent client connections per source ip.
+# The default is -1, which means unlimited.
+# native_transport_max_concurrent_connections_per_ip: -1
+
+# Controls whether Cassandra honors older, yet currently supported, protocol versions.
+# The default is true, which means all supported protocols will be honored.
+native_transport_allow_older_protocols: true
+
+# Controls when idle client connections are closed. Idle connections are ones that had neither reads
+# nor writes for a time period.
+#
+# Clients may implement heartbeats by sending OPTIONS native protocol message after a timeout, which
+# will reset idle timeout timer on the server side. To close idle client connections, corresponding
+# values for heartbeat intervals have to be set on the client side.
+#
+# Idle connection timeouts are disabled by default.
+# Min unit: ms
+# native_transport_idle_timeout: 60000ms
+
+# When enabled, limits the number of native transport requests dispatched for processing per second.
+# Behavior once the limit has been breached depends on the value of THROW_ON_OVERLOAD specified in
+# the STARTUP message sent by the client during connection establishment. (See section "4.1.1. STARTUP"
+# in "CQL BINARY PROTOCOL v5".) With the THROW_ON_OVERLOAD flag enabled, messages that breach the limit
+# are dropped, and an OverloadedException is thrown for the client to handle. When the flag is not
+# enabled, the server will stop consuming messages from the channel/socket, putting backpressure on
+# the client while already dispatched messages are processed.
+# native_transport_rate_limiting_enabled: false
+# native_transport_max_requests_per_second: 1000000
+
+# The address or interface to bind the native transport server to.
+#
+# Set rpc_address OR rpc_interface, not both.
+#
+# Leaving rpc_address blank has the same effect as on listen_address
+# (i.e. it will be based on the configured hostname of the node).
+#
+# Note that unlike listen_address, you can specify 0.0.0.0, but you must also
+# set broadcast_rpc_address to a value other than 0.0.0.0.
+#
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet.  Firewall it if needed.
+rpc_address: localhost
+
+# Set rpc_address OR rpc_interface, not both. Interfaces must correspond
+# to a single address, IP aliasing is not supported.
+# rpc_interface: eth1
+
+# If you choose to specify the interface by name and the interface has an ipv4 and an ipv6 address
+# you can specify which should be chosen using rpc_interface_prefer_ipv6. If false the first ipv4
+# address will be used. If true the first ipv6 address will be used. Defaults to false preferring
+# ipv4. If there is only one address it will be selected regardless of ipv4/ipv6.
+# rpc_interface_prefer_ipv6: false
+
+# RPC address to broadcast to drivers and other Cassandra nodes. This cannot
+# be set to 0.0.0.0. If left blank, this will be set to the value of
+# rpc_address. If rpc_address is set to 0.0.0.0, broadcast_rpc_address must
+# be set.
+# broadcast_rpc_address: 1.2.3.4
+
+# enable or disable keepalive on rpc/native connections
+rpc_keepalive: true
+
+# Uncomment to set socket buffer size for internode communication
+# Note that when setting this, the buffer size is limited by net.core.wmem_max
+# and when not setting it it is defined by net.ipv4.tcp_wmem
+# See also:
+# /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
+# /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
+# /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem
+# /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem
+# and 'man tcp'
+# Min unit: B
+# internode_socket_send_buffer_size:
+
+# Uncomment to set socket buffer size for internode communication
+# Note that when setting this, the buffer size is limited by net.core.wmem_max
+# and when not setting it it is defined by net.ipv4.tcp_wmem
+# Min unit: B
+# internode_socket_receive_buffer_size:
+
+# Set to true to have Cassandra create a hard link to each sstable
+# flushed or streamed locally in a backups/ subdirectory of all the
+# keyspace data in this node.  Removing these links is the operator's
+# responsibility. The operator can also turn off incremental backups 
+# for specified table by setting table parameter incremental_backups to 
+# false, which is set to true by default. See CASSANDRA-15402
+incremental_backups: false
+
+# Whether or not to take a snapshot before each compaction.  Be
+# careful using this option, since Cassandra won't clean up the
+# snapshots for you.  Mostly useful if you're paranoid when there
+# is a data format change.
+snapshot_before_compaction: false
+
+# Whether or not a snapshot is taken of the data before keyspace truncation
+# or dropping of column families. The STRONGLY advised default of true
+# should be used to provide data safety. If you set this flag to false, you will
+# lose data on truncation or drop.
+auto_snapshot: true
+
+# Adds a time-to-live (TTL) to auto snapshots generated by table
+# truncation or drop (when enabled).
+# After the TTL is elapsed, the snapshot is automatically cleared.
+# By default, auto snapshots *do not* have TTL, uncomment the property below
+# to enable TTL on auto snapshots.
+# Accepted units: d (days), h (hours) or m (minutes)
+# auto_snapshot_ttl: 30d
+
+# The act of creating or clearing a snapshot involves creating or removing
+# potentially tens of thousands of links, which can cause significant performance
+# impact, especially on consumer grade SSDs. A non-zero value here can
+# be used to throttle these links to avoid negative performance impact of
+# taking and clearing snapshots
+snapshot_links_per_second: 0
+
+# The sstable formats configuration. SSTable formats implementations are
+# loaded using the service loader mechanism. In this section, one can select
+# the format for created sstables and pass additional parameters for the formats
+# available on the classpath.
+# The default format is "big", the legacy SSTable format in use since Cassandra 3.0.
+# Cassandra versions 5.0 and later also support the trie-indexed "bti" format,
+# which offers better performance.
+sstable:
+  selected_format: bti
+
+# Granularity of the collation index of rows within a partition.
+# Applies to both BIG and BTI SSTable formats. In both formats,
+# a smaller granularity results in faster lookup of rows within
+# a partition, but a bigger index file size.
+# Using smaller granularities with the BIG format is not recommended
+# because bigger collation indexes cannot be cached efficiently
+# or at all if they become sufficiently large. Further, if
+# large rows, or a very large number of rows per partition are
+# present, it is recommended to increase the index granularity
+# or switch to the BTI SSTable format.
+#
+# Leave undefined to use a default suitable for the SSTable format
+# in use (64 KiB for BIG, 16KiB for BTI).
+# Min unit: KiB
+column_index_size: 4KiB
+
+# Default compaction strategy, applied when a table's parameters do not
+# specify compaction.
+# The selected compaction strategy will also apply to system tables.
+#
+# If no value is specified, the default is to use SizeTieredCompactionStrategy,
+# with its default compaction parameters.
+#
+default_compaction:
+  class_name: UnifiedCompactionStrategy
+  parameters:
+    scaling_parameters: T4
+    max_sstables_to_compact: 64
+    target_sstable_size: 1GiB
+    sstable_growth: 0.3333333333333333
+    min_sstable_size: 100MiB
+
+
+# Number of simultaneous compactions to allow, NOT including
+# validation "compactions" for anti-entropy repair.  Simultaneous
+# compactions can help preserve read performance in a mixed read/write
+# workload, by mitigating the tendency of small sstables to accumulate
+# during a single long running compactions. The default is usually
+# fine and if you experience problems with compaction running too
+# slowly or too fast, you should look at
+# compaction_throughput first.
+#
+# concurrent_compactors defaults to the smaller of (number of disks,
+# number of cores), with a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 8.
+#
+# If your data directories are backed by SSD, you should increase this
+# to the number of cores.
+concurrent_compactors: 8
+
+# Number of simultaneous repair validations to allow. If not set or set to
+# a value less than 1, it defaults to the value of concurrent_compactors.
+# To set a value greeater than concurrent_compactors at startup, the system
+# property cassandra.allow_unlimited_concurrent_validations must be set to
+# true. To dynamically resize to a value > concurrent_compactors on a running
+# node, first call the bypassConcurrentValidatorsLimit method on the
+# org.apache.cassandra.db:type=StorageService mbean
+# concurrent_validations: 0
+
+# Number of simultaneous materialized view builder tasks to allow.
+concurrent_materialized_view_builders: 1
+
+# Throttles compaction to the given total throughput across the entire
+# system. The faster you insert data, the faster you need to compact in
+# order to keep the sstable count down, but in general, setting this to
+# 16 to 32 times the rate you are inserting data is more than sufficient.
+# Setting this to 0 disables throttling. Note that this accounts for all types
+# of compaction, including validation compaction (building Merkle trees
+# for repairs).
+compaction_throughput: 64MiB/s
+
+# When compacting, the replacement sstable(s) can be opened before they
+# are completely written, and used in place of the prior sstables for
+# any range that has been written. This helps to smoothly transfer reads
+# between the sstables, reducing page cache churn and keeping hot rows hot
+# Set sstable_preemptive_open_interval to null for disabled which is equivalent to
+# sstable_preemptive_open_interval_in_mb being negative
+# Min unit: MiB
+sstable_preemptive_open_interval: 50MiB
+
+# Starting from 4.1 sstables support UUID based generation identifiers. They are disabled by default
+# because once enabled, there is no easy way to downgrade. When the node is restarted with this option
+# set to true, each newly created sstable will have a UUID based generation identifier and such files are
+# not readable by previous Cassandra versions. At some point, this option will become true by default
+# and eventually get removed from the configuration.
+uuid_sstable_identifiers_enabled: false
+
+# When enabled, permits Cassandra to zero-copy stream entire eligible
+# SSTables between nodes, including every component.
+# This speeds up the network transfer significantly subject to
+# throttling specified by entire_sstable_stream_throughput_outbound,
+# and entire_sstable_inter_dc_stream_throughput_outbound
+# for inter-DC transfers.
+# Enabling this will reduce the GC pressure on sending and receiving node.
+# When unset, the default is enabled. While this feature tries to keep the
+# disks balanced, it cannot guarantee it. This feature will be automatically
+# disabled if internode encryption is enabled.
+stream_entire_sstables: true
+
+# Throttles entire SSTable outbound streaming file transfers on
+# this node to the given total throughput in Mbps.
+# Setting this value to 0 it disables throttling.
+# When unset, the default is 200 Mbps or 24 MiB/s.
+# entire_sstable_stream_throughput_outbound: 24MiB/s
+
+# Throttles entire SSTable file streaming between datacenters.
+# Setting this value to 0 disables throttling for entire SSTable inter-DC file streaming.
+# When unset, the default is 200 Mbps or 24 MiB/s.
+# entire_sstable_inter_dc_stream_throughput_outbound: 24MiB/s
+
+# Throttles all outbound streaming file transfers on this node to the
+# given total throughput in Mbps. This is necessary because Cassandra does
+# mostly sequential IO when streaming data during bootstrap or repair, which
+# can lead to saturating the network connection and degrading rpc performance.
+# When unset, the default is 200 Mbps or 24 MiB/s.
+# stream_throughput_outbound: 24MiB/s
+
+# Throttles all streaming file transfer between the datacenters,
+# this setting allows users to throttle inter dc stream throughput in addition
+# to throttling all network stream traffic as configured with
+# stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec
+# When unset, the default is 200 Mbps or 24 MiB/s.
+# inter_dc_stream_throughput_outbound: 24MiB/s
+
+# Server side timeouts for requests. The server will return a timeout exception
+# to the client if it can't complete an operation within the corresponding
+# timeout. Those settings are a protection against:
+#   1) having client wait on an operation that might never terminate due to some
+#      failures.
+#   2) operations that use too much CPU/read too much data (leading to memory build
+#      up) by putting a limit to how long an operation will execute.
+# For this reason, you should avoid putting these settings too high. In other words,
+# if you are timing out requests because of underlying resource constraints then
+# increasing the timeout will just cause more problems. Of course putting them too
+# low is equally ill-advised since clients could get timeouts even for successful
+# operations just because the timeout setting is too tight.
+
+# How long the coordinator should wait for read operations to complete.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+read_request_timeout: 5000ms
+# How long the coordinator should wait for seq or index scans to complete.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+range_request_timeout: 10000ms
+# How long the coordinator should wait for writes to complete.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+write_request_timeout: 2000ms
+# How long the coordinator should wait for counter writes to complete.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+counter_write_request_timeout: 5000ms
+# How long a coordinator should continue to retry a CAS operation
+# that contends with other proposals for the same row.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+cas_contention_timeout: 1000ms
+# How long the coordinator should wait for truncates to complete
+# (This can be much longer, because unless auto_snapshot is disabled
+# we need to flush first so we can snapshot before removing the data.)
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+truncate_request_timeout: 60000ms
+# The default timeout for other, miscellaneous operations.
+# Lowest acceptable value is 10 ms.
+# Min unit: ms
+request_timeout: 10000ms
+
+# Defensive settings for protecting Cassandra from true network partitions.
+# See (CASSANDRA-14358) for details.
+#
+# The amount of time to wait for internode tcp connections to establish.
+# Min unit: ms
+# internode_tcp_connect_timeout: 2000ms
+#
+# The amount of time unacknowledged data is allowed on a connection before we throw out the connection
+# Note this is only supported on Linux + epoll, and it appears to behave oddly above a setting of 30000
+# (it takes much longer than 30s) as of Linux 4.12. If you want something that high set this to 0
+# which picks up the OS default and configure the net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 sysctl to be ~8.
+# Min unit: ms
+# internode_tcp_user_timeout: 30000ms
+
+# The amount of time unacknowledged data is allowed on a streaming connection.
+# The default is 5 minutes. Increase it or set it to 0 in order to increase the timeout.
+# Min unit: ms
+# internode_streaming_tcp_user_timeout: 300000ms
+
+# Global, per-endpoint and per-connection limits imposed on messages queued for delivery to other nodes
+# and waiting to be processed on arrival from other nodes in the cluster.  These limits are applied to the on-wire
+# size of the message being sent or received.
+#
+# The basic per-link limit is consumed in isolation before any endpoint or global limit is imposed.
+# Each node-pair has three links: urgent, small and large.  So any given node may have a maximum of
+# N*3*(internode_application_send_queue_capacity+internode_application_receive_queue_capacity)
+# messages queued without any coordination between them although in practice, with token-aware routing, only RF*tokens
+# nodes should need to communicate with significant bandwidth.
+#
+# The per-endpoint limit is imposed on all messages exceeding the per-link limit, simultaneously with the global limit,
+# on all links to or from a single node in the cluster.
+# The global limit is imposed on all messages exceeding the per-link limit, simultaneously with the per-endpoint limit,
+# on all links to or from any node in the cluster.
+#
+# Min unit: B
+# internode_application_send_queue_capacity: 4MiB
+# internode_application_send_queue_reserve_endpoint_capacity: 128MiB
+# internode_application_send_queue_reserve_global_capacity: 512MiB
+# internode_application_receive_queue_capacity: 4MiB
+# internode_application_receive_queue_reserve_endpoint_capacity: 128MiB
+# internode_application_receive_queue_reserve_global_capacity: 512MiB
+
+
+# How long before a node logs slow queries. Select queries that take longer than
+# this timeout to execute, will generate an aggregated log message, so that slow queries
+# can be identified. Set this value to zero to disable slow query logging.
+# Min unit: ms
+slow_query_log_timeout: 500ms
+
+# Enable operation timeout information exchange between nodes to accurately
+# measure request timeouts.  If disabled, replicas will assume that requests
+# were forwarded to them instantly by the coordinator, which means that
+# under overload conditions we will waste that much extra time processing
+# already-timed-out requests.
+#
+# Warning: It is generally assumed that users have setup NTP on their clusters, and that clocks are modestly in sync,
+# since this is a requirement for general correctness of last write wins.
+# internode_timeout: true
+
+# Set period for idle state control messages for earlier detection of failed streams
+# This node will send a keep-alive message periodically on the streaming's control channel.
+# This ensures that any eventual SocketTimeoutException will occur within 2 keep-alive cycles
+# If the node cannot send, or timeouts sending, the keep-alive message on the netty control channel
+# the stream session is closed.
+# Default value is 300s (5 minutes), which means stalled streams
+# are detected within 10 minutes
+# Specify 0 to disable.
+# Min unit: s
+# streaming_keep_alive_period: 300s
+
+# Limit number of connections per host for streaming
+# Increase this when you notice that joins are CPU-bound rather that network
+# bound (for example a few nodes with big files).
+# streaming_connections_per_host: 1
+
+# Settings for stream stats tracking; used by system_views.streaming table
+# How long before a stream is evicted from tracking; this impacts both historic and currently running
+# streams.
+# streaming_state_expires: 3d
+# How much memory may be used for tracking before evicting session from tracking; once crossed
+# historic and currently running streams maybe impacted.
+# streaming_state_size: 40MiB
+# Enable/Disable tracking of streaming stats
+# streaming_stats_enabled: true
+
+# Allows denying configurable access (rw/rr) to operations on configured ks, table, and partitions, intended for use by
+# operators to manage cluster health vs application access. See CASSANDRA-12106 and CEP-13 for more details.
+# partition_denylist_enabled: false
+
+# denylist_writes_enabled: true
+# denylist_reads_enabled: true
+# denylist_range_reads_enabled: true
+
+# The interval at which keys in the cache for denylisting will "expire" and async refresh from the backing DB.
+# Note: this serves only as a fail-safe, as the usage pattern is expected to be "mutate state, refresh cache" on any
+# changes to the underlying denylist entries. See documentation for details.
+# Min unit: s
+# denylist_refresh: 600s
+
+# In the event of errors on attempting to load the denylist cache, retry on this interval.
+# Min unit: s
+# denylist_initial_load_retry: 5s
+
+# We cap the number of denylisted keys allowed per table to keep things from growing unbounded. Nodes will warn above
+# this limit while allowing new denylisted keys to be inserted. Denied keys are loaded in natural query / clustering
+# ordering by partition key in case of overflow.
+# denylist_max_keys_per_table: 1000
+
+# We cap the total number of denylisted keys allowed in the cluster to keep things from growing unbounded.
+# Nodes will warn on initial cache load that there are too many keys and be direct the operator to trim down excess
+# entries to within the configured limits.
+# denylist_max_keys_total: 10000
+
+# Since the denylist in many ways serves to protect the health of the cluster from partitions operators have identified
+# as being in a bad state, we usually want more robustness than just CL.ONE on operations to/from these tables to
+# ensure that these safeguards are in place. That said, we allow users to configure this if they're so inclined.
+# denylist_consistency_level: QUORUM
+
+# phi value that must be reached for a host to be marked down.
+# most users should never need to adjust this.
+# phi_convict_threshold: 8
+
+# endpoint_snitch -- Set this to a class that implements
+# IEndpointSnitch.  The snitch has two functions:
+#
+# - it teaches Cassandra enough about your network topology to route
+#   requests efficiently
+# - it allows Cassandra to spread replicas around your cluster to avoid
+#   correlated failures. It does this by grouping machines into
+#   "datacenters" and "racks."  Cassandra will do its best not to have
+#   more than one replica on the same "rack" (which may not actually
+#   be a physical location)
+#
+# CASSANDRA WILL NOT ALLOW YOU TO SWITCH TO AN INCOMPATIBLE SNITCH
+# ONCE DATA IS INSERTED INTO THE CLUSTER.  This would cause data loss.
+# This means that if you start with the default SimpleSnitch, which
+# locates every node on "rack1" in "datacenter1", your only options
+# if you need to add another datacenter are GossipingPropertyFileSnitch
+# (and the older PFS).  From there, if you want to migrate to an
+# incompatible snitch like Ec2Snitch you can do it by adding new nodes
+# under Ec2Snitch (which will locate them in a new "datacenter") and
+# decommissioning the old ones.
+#
+# Out of the box, Cassandra provides:
+#
+# SimpleSnitch:
+#    Treats Strategy order as proximity. This can improve cache
+#    locality when disabling read repair.  Only appropriate for
+#    single-datacenter deployments.
+#
+# GossipingPropertyFileSnitch
+#    This should be your go-to snitch for production use.  The rack
+#    and datacenter for the local node are defined in
+#    cassandra-rackdc.properties and propagated to other nodes via
+#    gossip.  If cassandra-topology.properties exists, it is used as a
+#    fallback, allowing migration from the PropertyFileSnitch.
+#
+# PropertyFileSnitch:
+#    Proximity is determined by rack and data center, which are
+#    explicitly configured in cassandra-topology.properties.
+#
+# AlibabaCloudSnitch:
+#    Snitch for getting dc and rack of a node from metadata service of Alibaba cloud.
+#    This snitch that assumes an ECS region is a DC and an ECS availability_zone is a rack.
+#
+# AzureSnitch:
+#    Gets datacenter from 'location' and rack from 'zone' fields of 'compute' object
+#    from instance metadata service. If the availability zone is not enabled, it will use the fault
+#    domain and get its respective value.
+#
+# CloudstackSnitch:
+#    A snitch that assumes a Cloudstack Zone follows the typical convention 
+#    country-location-az and uses a country/location tuple as a datacenter
+#    and the availability zone as a rack.
+#    WARNING: This snitch is deprecated and it is scheduled to be removed 
+#    in the next major version of Cassandra.
+#
+# Ec2Snitch:
+#    Appropriate for EC2 deployments in a single Region. Loads Region
+#    and Availability Zone information from the EC2 API. The Region is
+#    treated as the datacenter, and the Availability Zone as the rack.
+#    Only private IPs are used, so this will not work across multiple
+#    Regions.
+#
+# Ec2MultiRegionSnitch:
+#    Uses public IPs as broadcast_address to allow cross-region
+#    connectivity.  (Thus, you should set seed addresses to the public
+#    IP as well.) You will need to open the storage_port or
+#    ssl_storage_port on the public IP firewall.  (For intra-Region
+#    traffic, Cassandra will switch to the private IP after
+#    establishing a connection.)
+#
+# GoogleCloudSnitch:
+#    Snitch for getting dc and rack of a node from metadata service of Google cloud.
+#    This snitch that assumes an GCE region is a DC and an GCE availability_zone is a rack.
+#
+# RackInferringSnitch:
+#    Proximity is determined by rack and data center, which are
+#    assumed to correspond to the 3rd and 2nd octet of each node's IP
+#    address, respectively.  Unless this happens to match your
+#    deployment conventions, this is best used as an example of
+#    writing a custom Snitch class and is provided in that spirit.
+#
+# You can use a custom Snitch by setting this to the full class name
+# of the snitch, which will be assumed to be on your classpath.
+endpoint_snitch: SimpleSnitch
+
+# controls how often to perform the more expensive part of host score
+# calculation
+# Min unit: ms
+dynamic_snitch_update_interval: 100ms
+# controls how often to reset all host scores, allowing a bad host to
+# possibly recover
+# Min unit: ms
+dynamic_snitch_reset_interval: 600000ms
+# if set greater than zero, this will allow
+# 'pinning' of replicas to hosts in order to increase cache capacity.
+# The badness threshold will control how much worse the pinned host has to be
+# before the dynamic snitch will prefer other replicas over it.  This is
+# expressed as a double which represents a percentage.  Thus, a value of
+# 0.2 means Cassandra would continue to prefer the static snitch values
+# until the pinned host was 20% worse than the fastest.
+dynamic_snitch_badness_threshold: 1.0
+
+# Configures Java crypto provider. By default, it will use DefaultCryptoProvider
+# which will install Amazon Correto Crypto Provider.
+#
+# Amazon Correto Crypto Provider works currently for x86_64 and aarch_64 platforms.
+# If this provider fails it will fall back to the default crypto provider in the JRE.
+#
+# To force failure when the provider was not installed properly, set the property "fail_on_missing_provider" to "true".
+#
+# To bypass the installation of a crypto provider use class 'org.apache.cassandra.security.JREProvider'
+#
+crypto_provider:
+  - class_name: org.apache.cassandra.security.DefaultCryptoProvider
+    parameters:
+      - fail_on_missing_provider: "false"
+
+# Configure server-to-server internode encryption
+#
+# JVM and netty defaults for supported SSL socket protocols and cipher suites can
+# be replaced using custom encryption options. This is not recommended
+# unless you have policies in place that dictate certain settings, or
+# need to disable vulnerable ciphers or protocols in case the JVM cannot
+# be updated.
+#
+# FIPS compliant settings can be configured at JVM level and should not
+# involve changing encryption settings here:
+# https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/FIPS.html
+#
+# **NOTE** this default configuration is an insecure configuration. If you need to
+# enable server-to-server encryption generate server keystores (and truststores for mutual
+# authentication) per:
+# http://download.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/JSSERefGuide.html#CreateKeystore
+# Then perform the following configuration changes:
+#
+# Step 1: Set internode_encryption=<dc|rack|all> and explicitly set optional=true. Restart all nodes
+#
+# Step 2: Set optional=false (or remove it) and if you generated truststores and want to use mutual
+# auth set require_client_auth=true. Restart all nodes
+server_encryption_options:
+  # On outbound connections, determine which type of peers to securely connect to.
+  #   The available options are :
+  #     none : Do not encrypt outgoing connections
+  #     dc   : Encrypt connections to peers in other datacenters but not within datacenters
+  #     rack : Encrypt connections to peers in other racks but not within racks
+  #     all  : Always use encrypted connections
+  internode_encryption: none
+  # When set to true, encrypted and unencrypted connections are allowed on the storage_port
+  # This should _only be true_ while in unencrypted or transitional operation
+  # optional defaults to true if internode_encryption is none
+  # optional: true
+  # If enabled, will open up an encrypted listening socket on ssl_storage_port. Should only be used
+  # during upgrade to 4.0; otherwise, set to false.
+  legacy_ssl_storage_port_enabled: false
+  # Set to a valid keystore if internode_encryption is dc, rack or all
+  keystore: conf/.keystore
+  #keystore_password: cassandra
+  # Configure the way Cassandra creates SSL contexts.
+  # To use PEM-based key material, see org.apache.cassandra.security.PEMBasedSslContextFactory
+  # ssl_context_factory:
+  #     # Must be an instance of org.apache.cassandra.security.ISslContextFactory
+  #     class_name: org.apache.cassandra.security.DefaultSslContextFactory
+  # During internode mTLS authentication, inbound connections (acting as servers) use keystore, keystore_password
+  # containing server certificate to create SSLContext and
+  # outbound connections (acting as clients) use outbound_keystore & outbound_keystore_password with client certificates
+  # to create SSLContext. By default, outbound_keystore is the same as keystore indicating mTLS is not enabled.
+#  outbound_keystore: conf/.keystore
+#  outbound_keystore_password: cassandra
+  # Verify peer server certificates
+  require_client_auth: false
+  # Set to a valid trustore if require_client_auth is true
+  truststore: conf/.truststore
+  #truststore_password: cassandra
+  # Verify that the host name in the certificate matches the connected host
+  require_endpoint_verification: false
+  # More advanced defaults:
+  # protocol: TLS
+  # store_type: JKS
+  # cipher_suites: [
+  #   TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+  #   TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+  #   TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+  #   TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
+  # ]
+
+# Configure client-to-server encryption.
+#
+# **NOTE** this default configuration is an insecure configuration. If you need to
+# enable client-to-server encryption generate server keystores (and truststores for mutual
+# authentication) per:
+# http://download.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/JSSERefGuide.html#CreateKeystore
+# Then perform the following configuration changes:
+#
+# Step 1: Set enabled=true and explicitly set optional=true. Restart all nodes
+#
+# Step 2: Set optional=false (or remove it) and if you generated truststores and want to use mutual
+# auth set require_client_auth=true. Restart all nodes
+client_encryption_options:
+  # Enable client-to-server encryption
+  enabled: false
+  # When set to true, encrypted and unencrypted connections are allowed on the native_transport_port
+  # This should _only be true_ while in unencrypted or transitional operation
+  # optional defaults to true when enabled is false, and false when enabled is true.
+  # optional: true
+  # Set keystore and keystore_password to valid keystores if enabled is true
+  keystore: conf/.keystore
+  #keystore_password: cassandra
+  # Configure the way Cassandra creates SSL contexts.
+  # To use PEM-based key material, see org.apache.cassandra.security.PEMBasedSslContextFactory
+  # ssl_context_factory:
+  #     # Must be an instance of org.apache.cassandra.security.ISslContextFactory
+  #     class_name: org.apache.cassandra.security.DefaultSslContextFactory
+  # Verify client certificates
+  require_client_auth: false
+  # require_endpoint_verification: false
+  # Set trustore and truststore_password if require_client_auth is true
+  # truststore: conf/.truststore
+  # truststore_password: cassandra
+  # More advanced defaults:
+  # protocol: TLS
+  # store_type: JKS
+  # cipher_suites: [
+  #   TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+  #   TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+  #   TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+  #   TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
+  # ]
+
+# internode_compression controls whether traffic between nodes is
+# compressed.
+# Can be:
+#
+# all
+#   all traffic is compressed
+#
+# dc
+#   traffic between different datacenters is compressed
+#
+# none
+#   nothing is compressed.
+internode_compression: dc
+
+# Enable or disable tcp_nodelay for inter-dc communication.
+# Disabling it will result in larger (but fewer) network packets being sent,
+# reducing overhead from the TCP protocol itself, at the cost of increasing
+# latency if you block for cross-datacenter responses.
+inter_dc_tcp_nodelay: false
+
+# TTL for different trace types used during logging of the repair process.
+# Min unit: s
+trace_type_query_ttl: 1d
+# Min unit: s
+trace_type_repair_ttl: 7d
+
+# If unset, all GC Pauses greater than gc_log_threshold will log at
+# INFO level
+# UDFs (user defined functions) are disabled by default.
+# As of Cassandra 3.0 there is a sandbox in place that should prevent execution of evil code.
+user_defined_functions_enabled: false
+
+# Enables encrypting data at-rest (on disk). Different key providers can be plugged in, but the default reads from
+# a JCE-style keystore. A single keystore can hold multiple keys, but the one referenced by
+# the "key_alias" is the only key that will be used for encrypt opertaions; previously used keys
+# can still (and should!) be in the keystore and will be used on decrypt operations
+# (to handle the case of key rotation).
+#
+# It is strongly recommended to download and install Java Cryptography Extension (JCE)
+# Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files for your version of the JDK.
+# (current link: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce8-download-2133166.html)
+#
+# Currently, only the following file types are supported for transparent data encryption, although
+# more are coming in future cassandra releases: commitlog, hints
+transparent_data_encryption_options:
+  enabled: false
+  chunk_length_kb: 64
+  cipher: AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding
+  key_alias: testing:1
+  # CBC IV length for AES needs to be 16 bytes (which is also the default size)
+  # iv_length: 16
+  key_provider:
+    - class_name: org.apache.cassandra.security.JKSKeyProvider
+      parameters:
+        - keystore: conf/.keystore
+          keystore_password: cassandra
+          store_type: JCEKS
+          key_password: cassandra
+
+# Storage Attached Indexing options.
+# sai_options:
+  ## Total permitted memory allowed for writing SAI index segments. This memory
+  ## is split between all SAI indexes being built so more indexes will mean smaller
+  ## segment sizes.
+  # segment_write_buffer_size: 1024MiB
+
+#####################
+# SAFETY THRESHOLDS #
+#####################
+
+# When executing a scan, within or across a partition, we need to keep the
+# tombstones seen in memory so we can return them to the coordinator, which
+# will use them to make sure other replicas also know about the deleted rows.
+# With workloads that generate a lot of tombstones, this can cause performance
+# problems and even exaust the server heap.
+# (http://www.datastax.com/dev/blog/cassandra-anti-patterns-queues-and-queue-like-datasets)
+# Adjust the thresholds here if you understand the dangers and want to
+# scan more tombstones anyway.  These thresholds may also be adjusted at runtime
+# using the StorageService mbean.
+tombstone_warn_threshold: 1000
+tombstone_failure_threshold: 100000
+
+# Filtering and secondary index queries at read consistency levels above ONE/LOCAL_ONE use a
+# mechanism called replica filtering protection to ensure that results from stale replicas do
+# not violate consistency. (See CASSANDRA-8272 and CASSANDRA-15907 for more details.) This
+# mechanism materializes replica results by partition on-heap at the coordinator. The more possibly
+# stale results returned by the replicas, the more rows materialized during the query.
+replica_filtering_protection:
+    # These thresholds exist to limit the damage severely out-of-date replicas can cause during these
+    # queries. They limit the number of rows from all replicas individual index and filtering queries
+    # can materialize on-heap to return correct results at the desired read consistency level.
+    #
+    # "cached_replica_rows_warn_threshold" is the per-query threshold at which a warning will be logged.
+    # "cached_replica_rows_fail_threshold" is the per-query threshold at which the query will fail.
+    #
+    # These thresholds may also be adjusted at runtime using the StorageService mbean.
+    #
+    # If the failure threshold is breached, it is likely that either the current page/fetch size
+    # is too large or one or more replicas is severely out-of-sync and in need of repair.
+    cached_rows_warn_threshold: 2000
+    cached_rows_fail_threshold: 32000
+
+# Log WARN on any multiple-partition batch size exceeding this value. 5KiB per batch by default.
+# Caution should be taken on increasing the size of this threshold as it can lead to node instability.
+# Min unit: KiB
+batch_size_warn_threshold: 5KiB
+
+# Fail any multiple-partition batch exceeding this value. 50KiB (10x warn threshold) by default.
+# Min unit: KiB
+batch_size_fail_threshold: 50KiB
+
+# Log WARN on any batches not of type LOGGED than span across more partitions than this limit
+unlogged_batch_across_partitions_warn_threshold: 10
+
+# GC Pauses greater than 200 ms will be logged at INFO level
+# This threshold can be adjusted to minimize logging if necessary
+# Min unit: ms
+# gc_log_threshold: 200ms
+
+# GC Pauses greater than gc_warn_threshold will be logged at WARN level
+# Adjust the threshold based on your application throughput requirement. Setting to 0
+# will deactivate the feature.
+# Min unit: ms
+# gc_warn_threshold: 1000ms
+
+# Maximum size of any value in SSTables. Safety measure to detect SSTable corruption
+# early. Any value size larger than this threshold will result into marking an SSTable
+# as corrupted. This should be positive and less than 2GiB.
+# Min unit: MiB
+# max_value_size: 256MiB
+
+# ** Impact on keyspace creation **
+# If replication factor is not mentioned as part of keyspace creation, default_keyspace_rf would apply.
+# Changing this configuration would only take effect for keyspaces created after the change, but does not impact
+# existing keyspaces created prior to the change.
+# ** Impact on keyspace alter **
+# When altering a keyspace from NetworkTopologyStrategy to SimpleStrategy, default_keyspace_rf is applied if rf is not
+# explicitly mentioned.
+# ** Impact on system keyspaces **
+# This would also apply for any system keyspaces that need replication factor.
+# A further note about system keyspaces - system_traces and system_distributed keyspaces take RF of 2 or default,
+# whichever is higher, and system_auth keyspace takes RF of 1 or default, whichever is higher.
+# Suggested value for use in production: 3
+# default_keyspace_rf: 1
+
+# Track a metric per keyspace indicating whether replication achieved the ideal consistency
+# level for writes without timing out. This is different from the consistency level requested by
+# each write which may be lower in order to facilitate availability.
+# ideal_consistency_level: EACH_QUORUM
+
+# Automatically upgrade sstables after upgrade - if there is no ordinary compaction to do, the
+# oldest non-upgraded sstable will get upgraded to the latest version
+# automatic_sstable_upgrade: false
+# Limit the number of concurrent sstable upgrades
+# max_concurrent_automatic_sstable_upgrades: 1
+
+# Audit logging - Logs every incoming CQL command request, authentication to a node. See the docs
+# on audit_logging for full details about the various configuration options and production tips.
+audit_logging_options:
+  enabled: false
+  logger:
+    - class_name: BinAuditLogger
+  # audit_logs_dir:
+  # included_keyspaces:
+  # excluded_keyspaces: system, system_schema, system_virtual_schema
+  # included_categories:
+  # excluded_categories:
+  # included_users:
+  # excluded_users:
+  # roll_cycle: HOURLY
+  # block: true
+  # max_queue_weight: 268435456 # 256 MiB
+  # max_log_size: 17179869184 # 16 GiB
+  #
+  ## If archive_command is empty or unset, Cassandra uses a built-in DeletingArchiver that deletes the oldest files if ``max_log_size`` is reached.
+  ## If archive_command is set, Cassandra does not use DeletingArchiver, so it is the responsibility of the script to make any required cleanup.
+  ## Example: "/path/to/script.sh %path" where %path is replaced with the file being rolled.
+  # archive_command:
+  # max_archive_retries: 10
+
+# default options for full query logging - these can be overridden from command line when executing
+# nodetool enablefullquerylog
+# full_query_logging_options:
+  # log_dir:
+  # roll_cycle: HOURLY
+  # block: true
+  # max_queue_weight: 268435456 # 256 MiB
+  # max_log_size: 17179869184 # 16 GiB
+  ## archive command is "/path/to/script.sh %path" where %path is replaced with the file being rolled:
+  # archive_command:
+  ## note that enabling this allows anyone with JMX/nodetool access to run local shell commands as the user running cassandra
+  # allow_nodetool_archive_command: false
+  # max_archive_retries: 10
+
+# validate tombstones on reads and compaction
+# can be either "disabled", "warn" or "exception"
+# corrupted_tombstone_strategy: disabled
+
+# Diagnostic Events #
+# If enabled, diagnostic events can be helpful for troubleshooting operational issues. Emitted events contain details
+# on internal state and temporal relationships across events, accessible by clients via JMX.
+diagnostic_events_enabled: false
+
+# Use native transport TCP message coalescing. If on upgrade to 4.0 you found your throughput decreasing, and in
+# particular you run an old kernel or have very fewer client connections, this option might be worth evaluating.
+#native_transport_flush_in_batches_legacy: false
+
+# Enable tracking of repaired state of data during reads and comparison between replicas
+# Mismatches between the repaired sets of replicas can be characterized as either confirmed
+# or unconfirmed. In this context, unconfirmed indicates that the presence of pending repair
+# sessions, unrepaired partition tombstones, or some other condition means that the disparity
+# cannot be considered conclusive. Confirmed mismatches should be a trigger for investigation
+# as they may be indicative of corruption or data loss.
+# There are separate flags for range vs partition reads as single partition reads are only tracked
+# when CL > 1 and a digest mismatch occurs. Currently, range queries don't use digests so if
+# enabled for range reads, all range reads will include repaired data tracking. As this adds
+# some overhead, operators may wish to disable it whilst still enabling it for partition reads
+repaired_data_tracking_for_range_reads_enabled: false
+repaired_data_tracking_for_partition_reads_enabled: false
+# If false, only confirmed mismatches will be reported. If true, a separate metric for unconfirmed
+# mismatches will also be recorded. This is to avoid potential signal:noise issues are unconfirmed
+# mismatches are less actionable than confirmed ones.
+report_unconfirmed_repaired_data_mismatches: false
+
+# configure the read and write consistency levels for modifications to auth tables
+# auth_read_consistency_level: LOCAL_QUORUM
+# auth_write_consistency_level: EACH_QUORUM
+
+# Delays on auth resolution can lead to a thundering herd problem on reconnects; this option will enable
+# warming of auth caches prior to node completing startup. See CASSANDRA-16958
+# auth_cache_warming_enabled: false
+
+# If enabled, dynamic data masking allows to attach CQL masking functions to the columns of a table.
+# Users without the UNMASK permission will see an obscured version of the values of the columns with an attached mask.
+# If dynamic data masking is disabled it won't be allowed to create new column masks, although it will still be possible
+# to drop any previously existing masks. Also, any existing mask will be ignored at query time, so all users will see
+# the clear values of the masked columns.
+# Defaults to false to disable dynamic data masking.
+# dynamic_data_masking_enabled: false
+
+#########################
+# EXPERIMENTAL FEATURES #
+#########################
+
+# Enables materialized view creation on this node.
+# Materialized views are considered experimental and are not recommended for production use.
+materialized_views_enabled: false
+
+# Enables SASI index creation on this node.
+# SASI indexes are considered experimental and are not recommended for production use.
+sasi_indexes_enabled: false
+
+# Enables creation of transiently replicated keyspaces on this node.
+# Transient replication is experimental and is not recommended for production use.
+transient_replication_enabled: false
+
+# Enables the used of 'ALTER ... DROP COMPACT STORAGE' statements on this node.
+# 'ALTER ... DROP COMPACT STORAGE' is considered experimental and is not recommended for production use.
+drop_compact_storage_enabled: false
+
+# Whether or not USE <keyspace> is allowed. This is enabled by default to avoid failure on upgrade.
+#use_statements_enabled: true
+
+# When the client triggers a protocol exception or unknown issue (Cassandra bug) we increment
+# a client metric showing this; this logic will exclude specific subnets from updating these
+# metrics
+#client_error_reporting_exclusions:
+#  subnets:
+#    - 127.0.0.1
+#    - 127.0.0.0/31
+
+# Enables read thresholds (warn/fail) across all replicas for reporting back to the client.

Review Comment:
   is there a reason guardrails and repair retries are disabled with this config?  I understood the goals for this config to show people what we recommend and the safety/reliably configs are off by default still?



-- 
This is an automated message from the Apache Git Service.
To respond to the message, please log on to GitHub and use the
URL above to go to the specific comment.

To unsubscribe, e-mail: pr-unsubscribe@cassandra.apache.org

For queries about this service, please contact Infrastructure at:
users@infra.apache.org


---------------------------------------------------------------------
To unsubscribe, e-mail: pr-unsubscribe@cassandra.apache.org
For additional commands, e-mail: pr-help@cassandra.apache.org