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svn commit: r1728394 [31/42] - in /tajo/site/docs: 0.11.1/ 0.11.1/_sources/
0.11.1/_sources/backup_and_restore/ 0.11.1/_sources/configuration/
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Added: tajo/site/docs/0.11.1/table_management/rcfile.html
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--- tajo/site/docs/0.11.1/table_management/rcfile.html (added)
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+ <div class="section" id="rcfile">
+<h1>RCFile<a class="headerlink" href="#rcfile" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>RCFile, short of Record Columnar File, are flat files consisting of binary key/value pairs,
+which shares many similarities with SequenceFile.</p>
+<div class="section" id="how-to-create-a-rcfile-table">
+<h2>How to Create a RCFile Table?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-create-a-rcfile-table" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>If you are not familiar with the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CREATE</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code> statement, please refer to the Data Definition Language <a class="reference internal" href="../sql_language/ddl.html"><em>Data Definition Language</em></a>.</p>
+<p>In order to specify a certain file format for your table, you need to use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">USING</span></code> clause in your <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CREATE</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code>
+statement. Below is an example statement for creating a table using RCFile.</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="k">type</span> <span class="nb">text</span>
+<span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">RCFILE</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="physical-properties">
+<h2>Physical Properties<a class="headerlink" href="#physical-properties" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Some table storage formats provide parameters for enabling or disabling features and adjusting physical parameters.
+The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WITH</span></code> clause in the CREATE TABLE statement allows users to set those parameters.</p>
+<p>Now, the RCFile storage type provides the following physical properties.</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rcfile.serde</span></code> : custom (De)serializer class. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">org.apache.tajo.storage.BinarySerializerDeserializer</span></code> is the default (de)serializer class.</li>
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rcfile.null</span></code> : NULL character. It is only used when a table uses <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">org.apache.tajo.storage.TextSerializerDeserializer</span></code>. The default NULL character is an empty string <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">''</span></code>. Hive’s default NULL character is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'\\N'</span></code>.</li>
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">compression.codec</span></code> : Compression codec. You can enable compression feature and set specified compression algorithm. The compression algorithm used to compress files. The compression codec name should be the fully qualified class name inherited from <a class="reference external" href="https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/api/org/apache/hadoop/io/compress/CompressionCodec.html">org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec</a>. By default, compression is disabled.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The following is an example for creating a table using RCFile that uses compression.</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="k">type</span> <span class="nb">text</span>
+<span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">RCFILE</span> <span class="k">WITH</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'compression.codec'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec'</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="rcfile-de-serializers">
+<h2>RCFile (De)serializers<a class="headerlink" href="#rcfile-de-serializers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Tajo provides two built-in (De)serializer for RCFile:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">org.apache.tajo.storage.TextSerializerDeserializer</span></code>: stores column values in a plain-text form.</li>
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">org.apache.tajo.storage.BinarySerializerDeserializer</span></code>: stores column values in a binary file format.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The RCFile format can store some metadata in the RCFile header. Tajo writes the (de)serializer class name into
+the metadata header of each RCFile when the RCFile is created in Tajo.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">org.apache.tajo.storage.BinarySerializerDeserializer</span></code> is the default (de) serializer for RCFile.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="compatibility-issues-with-apache-hive">
+<h2>Compatibility Issues with Apache Hiveâ¢<a class="headerlink" href="#compatibility-issues-with-apache-hive" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Regardless of whether the RCFiles are written by Apache Hive⢠or Apache Tajoâ¢, the files are compatible in both systems.
+In other words, Tajo can process RCFiles written by Apache Hive and vice versa.</p>
+<p>Since there are no metadata in RCFiles written by Hive, we need to manually specify the (de)serializer class name
+by setting a physical property.</p>
+<p>In Hive, there are two SerDe, and they correspond to the following (de)serializer in Tajo.</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.columnar.ColumnarSerDe</span></code>: corresponds to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextSerializerDeserializer</span></code> in Tajo.</li>
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.columnar.LazyBinaryColumnarSerDe</span></code>: corresponds to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BinarySerializerDeserializer</span></code> in Tajo.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The compatibility issue mostly occurs when a user creates an external table pointing to data of an existing table.
+The following section explains two cases: 1) the case where Tajo reads RCFile written by Hive, and
+2) the case where Hive reads RCFile written by Tajo.</p>
+<div class="section" id="when-tajo-reads-rcfile-generated-in-hive">
+<h3>When Tajo reads RCFile generated in Hive<a class="headerlink" href="#when-tajo-reads-rcfile-generated-in-hive" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>To create an external RCFile table generated with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ColumnarSerDe</span></code> in Hive,
+you should set the physical property <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rcfile.serde</span></code> in Tajo as follows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">EXTERNAL</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="k">type</span> <span class="nb">text</span>
+<span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">RCFILE</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="s1">'rcfile.serde'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'org.apache.tajo.storage.TextSerializerDeserializer'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'rcfile.null'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'\\N'</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">LOCATION</span> <span class="s1">'....'</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>To create an external RCFile table generated with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LazyBinaryColumnarSerDe</span></code> in Hive,
+you should set the physical property <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rcfile.serde</span></code> in Tajo as follows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">EXTERNAL</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="k">type</span> <span class="nb">text</span>
+<span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">RCFILE</span> <span class="k">WITH</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'rcfile.serde'</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'org.apache.tajo.storage.BinarySerializerDeserializer'</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">LOCATION</span> <span class="s1">'....'</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">As we mentioned above, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BinarySerializerDeserializer</span></code> is the default (de) serializer for RCFile.
+So, you can omit the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rcfile.serde</span></code> only for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">org.apache.tajo.storage.BinarySerializerDeserializer</span></code>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="when-hive-reads-rcfile-generated-in-tajo">
+<h3>When Hive reads RCFile generated in Tajo<a class="headerlink" href="#when-hive-reads-rcfile-generated-in-tajo" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>To create an external RCFile table written by Tajo with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextSerializerDeserializer</span></code>,
+you should set the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SERDE</span></code> as follows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">string</span>
+<span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">ROW</span> <span class="n">FORMAT</span> <span class="n">SERDE</span> <span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.columnar.ColumnarSerDe'</span> <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">RCFILE</span>
+<span class="k">LOCATION</span> <span class="s1">'<hdfs_location>'</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>To create an external RCFile table written by Tajo with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BinarySerializerDeserializer</span></code>,
+you should set the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SERDE</span></code> as follows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">string</span>
+<span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">ROW</span> <span class="n">FORMAT</span> <span class="n">SERDE</span> <span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.columnar.LazyBinaryColumnarSerDe'</span> <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">RCFILE</span>
+<span class="k">LOCATION</span> <span class="s1">'<hdfs_location>'</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
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+
+ <div class="section" id="sequencefile">
+<h1>SequenceFile<a class="headerlink" href="#sequencefile" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<div class="section" id="introduce">
+<h2>Introduce<a class="headerlink" href="#introduce" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>SequenceFiles are flat files consisting of binary key/value pairs.
+SequenceFile is basic file format which provided by Hadoop, and Hive also provides it to create a table.</p>
+<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">USING</span> <span class="pre">sequencefile</span></code> keywords let you create a SequecneFile. Here is an example statement to create a table using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SequecneFile</span></code>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">sequencefile</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Also Tajo provides Hive compatibility for SequenceFile. The above statement can be written in Hive as follows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">sequencefile</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="serializerdeserializer-serde">
+<h2>SerializerDeserializer (SerDe)<a class="headerlink" href="#serializerdeserializer-serde" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>There are two SerDe for SequenceFile as follows:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<div><ul class="simple">
+<li>TextSerializerDeserializer: This class can read and write data in plain text file format.</li>
+<li>BinarySerializerDeserializer: This class can read and write data in binary file format.</li>
+</ul>
+</div></blockquote>
+<p>The default is the SerDe for plain text file in Tajo. The above example statement created the table using TextSerializerDeserializer.If you want to use BinarySerializerDeserializer, you can specify it by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sequencefile.serde</span></code> keywords:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">sequencefile</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'sequencefile.serde'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'org.apache.tajo.storage.BinarySerializerDeserializer'</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>In Hive, the above statement can be written in Hive as follows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">ROW</span> <span class="n">FORMAT</span> <span class="n">SERDE</span>
+ <span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazybinary.LazyBinarySerDe'</span>
+<span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">sequencefile</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="writer">
+<h2>Writer<a class="headerlink" href="#writer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>There are three SequenceFile Writers based on the SequenceFile.CompressionType used to compress key/value pairs:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<div><ul class="simple">
+<li>Writer : Uncompressed records.</li>
+<li>RecordCompressWriter : Record-compressed files, only compress values.</li>
+<li>BlockCompressWriter : Block-compressed files, both keys & values are collected in ‘blocks’ separately and compressed. The size of the ‘block’ is configurable.</li>
+</ul>
+</div></blockquote>
+<p>The default is Uncompressed Writer in Tajo. If you want to use RecordCompressWriter, you can specify it by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">compression.type</span></code> keywords and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">compression.codec</span></code> keywords:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">sequencefile</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'compression.type'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'RECORD'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'compression.codec'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec'</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>In hive, you need to specify settings as follows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">SET</span> <span class="n">hive</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">exec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compress</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">SET</span> <span class="n">mapred</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RECORD</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">SET</span> <span class="n">mapred</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">codec</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">org</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">apache</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hadoop</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">io</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compress</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SnappyCodec</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">sequencefile</span><span class="p">;;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>And if you want to use BlockCompressWriter, you can specify it by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">compression.type</span></code> keywords and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">compression.codec</span></code> keywords:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">sequencefile</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'compression.type'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'compression.codec'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec'</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>In hive, you need to specify settings as follows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">SET</span> <span class="n">hive</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">exec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compress</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">SET</span> <span class="n">mapred</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">BLOCK</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">SET</span> <span class="n">mapred</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">codec</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">org</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">apache</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hadoop</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">io</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compress</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SnappyCodec</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">sequencefile</span><span class="p">;;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>For reference, you can use TextSerDe or BinarySerDe with compression keywords.
+Here is an example statement for this case.</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">sequencefile</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'sequencefile.serde'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'org.apache.tajo.storage.BinarySerializerDeserializer'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'compression.type'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'compression.codec'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec'</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>In hive, you need to specify settings as follows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">SET</span> <span class="n">hive</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">exec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compress</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">SET</span> <span class="n">mapred</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">BLOCK</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">SET</span> <span class="n">mapred</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">output</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compression</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">codec</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">org</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">apache</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hadoop</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">io</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">compress</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SnappyCodec</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="n">hive</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span>
+ <span class="k">ROW</span> <span class="n">FORMAT</span> <span class="n">SERDE</span>
+ <span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazybinary.LazyBinarySerDe'</span>
+ <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">sequencefile</span><span class="p">;;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../partitioning/intro_to_partitioning.html">Introduction to Partitioning</a></li>
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+ <div class="section" id="overview-of-tajo-tables">
+<h1>Overview of Tajo Tables<a class="headerlink" href="#overview-of-tajo-tables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<div class="section" id="overview">
+<h2>Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="tablespaces">
+<h2>Tablespaces<a class="headerlink" href="#tablespaces" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Tablespaces is a physical location where files or data objects representing data rows can be stored. Once defined, a tablespace can be referred to by a name when creating a database or a table. Especially, it is very useful when a Tajo cluster instance should use heterogeneous storage systems such as HDFS, MySQL, and Oracle because each tablespace can be specified to use a different storage system.</p>
+<p>Please refer to <a class="reference internal" href="tablespaces.html"><em>Tablespaces</em></a> if you want to know more information about tablespaces.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="managed-table">
+<h2>Managed Table<a class="headerlink" href="#managed-table" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CREATE</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code> statement lets you create a table located in the warehouse directory specified by the configuration property <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tajo.warehouse.directory</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">${tajo.root}/warehouse</span></code> by default. For example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">employee</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">age</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="external-table">
+<h2>External Table<a class="headerlink" href="#external-table" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CREATE</span> <span class="pre">EXTERNAL</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code> statement lets you create a table located in a specify location so that Tajo does not use a default data warehouse location for the table. External tables are in common used if you already have data generated. LOCATION clause must be required for an external table.</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">EXTERNAL</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">employee</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">age</span>
+<span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">LOCATION</span> <span class="s1">'hdfs://table/path'</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The location can be a directory located in HDFS, Amazon S3, HBase, or local file system (if a Tajo cluster runs in a single machine). URI examples are as follows:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<div><ul class="simple">
+<li>HDFS - <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hdfs://hostname:8020/table1</span></code></li>
+<li>Amazon S3 - <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">s3://bucket-name/table1</span></code></li>
+<li>local file system - <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file:///dir/table1</span></code></li>
+<li>Openstack Swift - <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">swift://bucket-name/table1</span></code></li>
+</ul>
+</div></blockquote>
+<div class="section" id="table-properties">
+<h3>Table Properties<a class="headerlink" href="#table-properties" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>All table formats provide parameters for enabling or disabling features and adjusting physical parameters.
+The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WITH</span></code> clause in the CREATE TABLE statement allows users to set those properties.</p>
+<p>The following example is to set a custom field delimiter, NULL character, and compression codec:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">score</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="k">type</span> <span class="nb">text</span>
+<span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="nb">TEXT</span> <span class="k">WITH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'text.delimiter'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'\u0001'</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">'text.null'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'\\N'</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">'compression.codec'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec'</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Each physical table layout has its own specialized properties. They will be addressed in <a class="reference internal" href="data_formats.html"><em>Data Formats</em></a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="common-table-properties">
+<h3>Common Table Properties<a class="headerlink" href="#common-table-properties" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>There are some common table properties which are used in most tables.</p>
+<div class="section" id="compression">
+<h4>Compression<a class="headerlink" href="#compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="compression.html"><em>Compression</em></a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="time-zone">
+<h4>Time zone<a class="headerlink" href="#time-zone" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<p>In Tajo, a table property <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code> allows users to specify a time zone that the table uses for reading or writing.</p>
+<p>You can specify a table time zone as follows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-sql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">EXTERNAL</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">table1</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="n">t_timestamp</span> <span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">t_date</span> <span class="nb">DATE</span>
+<span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="nb">TEXT</span> <span class="k">WITH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'timezone'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'ASIA/Seoul'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">LOCATION</span> <span class="s1">'/path-to-table/'</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>In order to learn time zone, please refer to <a class="reference internal" href="../time_zone.html"><em>Time Zone</em></a>.</p>
+</div>
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