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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter�5.�Configuring Guacamole</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="gug.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Guacamole Manual" /><link rel="up" href="users-guide.html" title="Part�I.�User's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="proxying-guacamole.html" title="Chapter�4.�Proxying Guacamole" /><link rel="next" href="jdbc-auth.html" title="Chapter�6.�Database authentication" />
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, target-densitydpi=device-dpi"/>
+ </head><body>
+ <!-- CONTENT -->
+
+ <div id="page"><div id="content">
+ <div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�5.�Configuring Guacamole</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="proxying-guacamole.html">Prev</a>�</td><th width="60%" align="center">Part�I.�User's Guide</th><td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="jdbc-auth.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div xml:lang="en" class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="configuring-guacamole"></a>Chapter�5.�Configuring Guacamole</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-guacamole.html#guacamole-home"><code class="varname">GUACAMOLE_HOME</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-guacamole.html#initial-setup"><code class="filename">guacamole.properties</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="
configuring-guacamole.html#webapp-logging">Logging within the web application</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-guacamole.html#basic-auth">Using the default authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-guacamole.html#user-mapping"><code class="filename">user-mapping.xml</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-guacamole.html#connection-configuration">Configuring connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-guacamole.html#vnc">VNC</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-guacamole.html#rdp">RDP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-guacamole.html#ssh">SSH</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-guacamole.html#telnet">Telnet</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configuring-guacamole.html#parameter-tokens">Parameter tokens</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="configuring-guacamole.html#guacd.conf">Configuring guacd</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>After installing Guacamole, you need to configure users and connections before Guacamole
+ will work. This chapter covers general configuration of Guacamole and the use of its default
+ authentication method.</p><p>Guacamole's default authentication method reads all users and connections from a single
+ file called <code class="filename">user-mapping.xml</code>. This authentication method is intended to
+ be:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Sufficient for small deployments of Guacamole.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>A relatively-easy means of verifying that Guacamole has been properly set
+ up.</p></li></ol></div><p>Other, more complex authentication methods which use backend databases, LDAP, etc. are
+ discussed in a separate, dedicated chapters.</p><p>Regardless of the authentication method you use, Guacamole's configuration always consists
+ of two main pieces: a directory referred to as <code class="varname">GUACAMOLE_HOME</code>, which is
+ the primary search location for configuration files, and
+ <code class="filename">guacamole.properties</code>, the main configuration file used by Guacamole
+ and its extensions.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="guacamole-home"></a><code class="varname">GUACAMOLE_HOME</code></h2></div></div></div><a id="idm140352911061936" class="indexterm"></a><p>Guacamole reads files from its own configuration directory by default, resorting to
+ the classpath only when this directory cannot be found. When locating this directory,
+ Guacamole will try, in order:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>The directory specified within the system property
+ <span class="property">guacamole.home</span>.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The directory specified within the environment variable
+ <code class="varname">GUACAMOLE_HOME</code>.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The directory <code class="filename">.guacamole</code>, located
+ within the home directory of the user running the servlet
+ container.</p></li></ol></div><p>This directory will be referred to as
+ <code class="varname">GUACAMOLE_HOME</code> elsewhere in the
+ documentation.</p><p>Guacamole uses <code class="varname">GUACAMOLE_HOME</code> as the primary search location for
+ configuration file like <code class="filename">guacamole.properties</code>. The structure of
+ <code class="varname">GUACAMOLE_HOME</code> is rigorously defined, and consists of the
+ following optional files:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">guacamole.properties</code></span></dt><dd><p>The main Guacamole configuration file. Properties within this file dictate
+ how Guacamole will connect to <span class="package">guacd</span>, and may configure
+ the behavior of installed authentication extensions.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">logback.xml</code></span></dt><dd><p>Guacamole uses a logging system called Logback for all messages. By
+ default, Guacamole will log to the console only, but you can change this by
+ providing your own Logback configuration file.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">extensions/</code></span></dt><dd><p>The install location for all Guacamole extensions. Guacamole will
+ automatically load all <code class="filename">.jar</code> files within this directory
+ on startup.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">lib/</code></span></dt><dd><p>The search directory for libraries required by any Guacamole extensions.
+ Guacamole will make the <code class="filename">.jar</code> files within this
+ directory available to all extensions. If your extensions require additional
+ libraries, such as database drivers, this is the proper place to put
+ them.</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="initial-setup"></a><code class="filename">guacamole.properties</code></h2></div></div></div><a id="idm140352910209312" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352910208144" class="indexterm"></a><p>The Guacamole web application uses one main configuration file called
+ <code class="filename">guacamole.properties</code>. This file is the common location for all
+ configuration properties read by Guacamole or any extension of Guacamole, including
+ authentication providers.</p><p>In previous releases, this file had to be in the classpath of your servlet container.
+ Now, the location of <code class="filename">guacamole.properties</code> can be explicitly defined
+ with environment variables or system properties, and the classpath is only used as a
+ last resort. When searching for <code class="filename">guacamole.properties</code>, Guacamole
+ will check, in order:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Within <code class="varname">GUACAMOLE_HOME</code>, as defined above.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The classpath of the servlet container.</p></li></ol></div><p>The <code class="filename">guacamole.properties</code> file is optional and is used to
+ configure Guacamole in situations where the defaults are insufficient, or to provide
+ additional configuration information for extensions. There are several standard
+ properties that are always available for use:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><a id="idm140352911272784" class="indexterm"></a><em class="parameter"><code>api-session-timeout</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>The amount of time, in minutes, to allow Guacamole sessions
+ (authentication tokens) to remain valid despite inactivity. If omitted,
+ Guacamole sessions will expire after 60 minutes of inactivity.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><a id="idm140352911269744" class="indexterm"></a><em class="parameter"><code>available-languages</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>A comma-separated whitelist of language keys to allow as display language
+ choices within the Guacamole interface. For example, to restrict Guacamole
+ to only English and German, you would specify:</p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">available-languages: en, de</pre></div><p>As English is the fallback language, used whenever a translation key is
+ missing from the chosen language, English should only be omitted from this
+ list if you are absolutely positive that no strings are missing.</p><p>The corresponding JSON of any built-in languages not listed here will
+ still be available over HTTP, but the Guacamole interface will not use them,
+ nor will they be used automatically based on local browser language. If
+ omitted, all defined languages will be available.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><a id="idm140352911264320" class="indexterm"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guacd-host</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>The host the Guacamole proxy daemon (<span class="package">guacd</span>) is
+ listening on. If omitted, Guacamole will assume <span class="package">guacd</span> is
+ listening on localhost.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><a id="idm140352909515696" class="indexterm"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guacd-port</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>The port the Guacamole proxy daemon (<span class="package">guacd</span>) is
+ listening on. If omitted, Guacamole will assume <span class="package">guacd</span> is
+ listening on port 4822.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><a id="idm140352909511872" class="indexterm"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guacd-ssl</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>If set to "true", Guacamole will require SSL/TLS encryption between the
+ web application and <span class="package">guacd</span>. By default, communication
+ between the web application and <span class="package">guacd</span> will be
+ unencrypted.</p><p>Note that if you enable this option, you must also configure
+ <span class="package">guacd</span> to use SSL via command line options. These
+ options are documented in the manpage of <span class="package">guacd</span>. You will
+ need an SSL certificate and private key.</p></dd></dl></div><div class="example"><a id="idm140352909506640"></a><p class="title"><strong>Example�5.1.�Example <code class="filename">guacamole.properties</code></strong></p><div class="example-contents"><a id="guacamole.properties"></a><pre xml:lang="en" class="programlisting" lang="en"># Hostname and port of guacamole proxy
+guacd-hostname: localhost
+guacd-port: 4822</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="webapp-logging"></a>Logging within the web application</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909502688" class="indexterm"></a><p>By default, Guacamole logs all messages to the console. Servlet containers like Tomcat
+ will automatically redirect these messages to a log file,
+ <code class="filename">catalina.out</code> in the case of Tomcat, which you can read through
+ while Guacamole runs. Messages are logged at four different log levels, depending on
+ message importance and severity:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><a id="idm140352909499856" class="indexterm"></a><code class="constant">error</code></span></dt><dd><p>Errors are fatal conditions. An operation, described in the log message,
+ was attempted but could not proceed, and the failure of this operation is a
+ serious problem that needs to be addressed.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><a id="idm140352909496496" class="indexterm"></a><code class="constant">warn</code></span></dt><dd><p>Warnings are generally non-fatal conditions. The operation continued, but
+ encountered noteworthy problems.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><a id="idm140352909493248" class="indexterm"></a><code class="constant">info</code></span></dt><dd><p>"Info" messages are purely informational. They may be useful or
+ interesting to administrators, but are not generally critical to proper
+ operation of a Guacamole server.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><a id="idm140352909489904" class="indexterm"></a><code class="constant">debug</code></span></dt><dd><p>Debug messages are highly detailed and oriented toward development. Most
+ debug messages will contain stack traces and internal information that is
+ useful when investigating problems within code.</p></dd></dl></div><p>Guacamole logs messages using a logging framework called <a class="link" href="http://logback.qos.ch/" target="_top">Logback</a> and, by default, will only log messages at the
+ "<code class="constant">info</code>" level or higher. If you wish to change the log level, or
+ configure how or where Guacamole logs messages, you can do so by providing your own
+ <code class="filename">logback.xml</code> file within <code class="varname">GUACAMOLE_HOME</code>. For
+ example, to log all messages to the console, even "<code class="constant">debug</code>" messages,
+ you might use the following <code class="filename">logback.xml</code>:</p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting"><configuration>
+
+ <!-- Appender for debugging -->
+ <appender name="GUAC-DEBUG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
+ <encoder>
+ <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
+ </encoder>
+ </appender>
+
+ <!-- Log at DEBUG level -->
+ <root level="debug">
+ <appender-ref ref="GUAC-DEBUG"/>
+ </root>
+
+</configuration></pre></div><p>Guacamole and the above example configure only one appender which logs to the console,
+ but Logback is extremely flexible and allows any number of appenders which can each log
+ to separate files, the console, etc. based on a number of criteria, including the log
+ level and the source of the message.</p><p>More thorough <a class="link" href="http://logback.qos.ch/manual/configuration.html" target="_top">documentation on
+ configuring Logback</a> is provided on the Logback project's web site.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="basic-auth"></a>Using the default authentication</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909478256" class="indexterm"></a><p>Guacamole's default authentication module is simple and consists of a mapping of
+ usernames to configurations. This authentication module comes with Guacamole and simply
+ reads usernames and passwords from an XML file. It is always enabled, but will only read
+ from the XML file if it exists, and is always last in priority relative to any other
+ authentication extensions.</p><p>There are other authentication modules available. The Guacamole project provides
+ database-backed authentication modules with the ability to manage connections and users
+ from the web interface, and other authentication modules can be created using the
+ extension API provided along with the Guacamole web application,
+ <span class="package">guacamole-ext</span>.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="user-mapping"></a><code class="filename">user-mapping.xml</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909474032" class="indexterm"></a><p>The default authentication provider used by Guacamole reads all username,
+ password, and configuration information from a file called the "user mapping". By
+ default, Guacamole will look for this file at
+ <code class="filename">GUACAMOLE_HOME/user-mapping.xml</code>, but this can be overridden
+ by specifying the location with the <span class="property">user-mapping</span> property
+ within <code class="filename">guacamole.properties</code>:</p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">user-mapping: <em class="replaceable"><code>/path/to/user-mapping.xml</code></em></pre></div><p>An example of a user mapping file is included with Guacamole, and looks something
+ like this:</p><pre class="programlisting"><user-mapping>
+
+ <!-- Per-user authentication and config information -->
+ <authorize username="USERNAME" password="PASSWORD">
+ <protocol>vnc</protocol>
+ <param name="hostname">localhost</param>
+ <param name="port">5900</param>
+ <param name="password">VNCPASS</param>
+ </authorize>
+
+ <!-- Another user, but using md5 to hash the password
+ (example below uses the md5 hash of "PASSWORD") -->
+ <authorize
+ username="USERNAME2"
+ password="319f4d26e3c536b5dd871bb2c52e3178"
+ encoding="md5">
+
+ <!-- First authorized connection -->
+ <connection name="localhost">
+ <protocol>vnc</protocol>
+ <param name="hostname">localhost</param>
+ <param name="port">5901</param>
+ <param name="password">VNCPASS</param>
+ </connection>
+
+ <!-- Second authorized connection -->
+ <connection name="otherhost">
+ <protocol>vnc</protocol>
+ <param name="hostname">otherhost</param>
+ <param name="port">5900</param>
+ <param name="password">VNCPASS</param>
+ </connection>
+
+ </authorize>
+
+</user-mapping></pre><p>Each user is specified with a corresponding
+ <code class="code"><authorize></code> tag. This tag contains all
+ authorized connections for that user, each denoted with a
+ <code class="code"><connection></code> tag. Each
+ <code class="code"><connection></code> tag contains a corresponding
+ protocol and set of protocol-specific parameters, specified with
+ the <code class="code"><protocol></code> and <code class="code"><param></code> tags
+ respectively.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="user-setup"></a>Adding users</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909463552" class="indexterm"></a><p>When using
+ <code class="classname">BasicFileAuthenticationProvider</code>,
+ username/password pairs are specified with
+ <code class="code"><authorize></code> tags, which each have a
+ <code class="code">username</code> and <code class="code">password</code>
+ attribute. Each <code class="code"><authorize></code> tag authorizes a
+ specific username/password pair to access all connections
+ within the tag:</p><pre class="programlisting"><authorize username="<em class="replaceable"><code>USER</code></em>" password="<em class="replaceable"><code>PASS</code></em>">
+ ...
+</authorize></pre><p>In the example above, the password would be listed in
+ plaintext. If you don't want to do this, you can also
+ specify your password hashed with MD5:</p><pre class="programlisting"><authorize username="<em class="replaceable"><code>USER</code></em>"
+ password="<em class="replaceable"><code>319f4d26e3c536b5dd871bb2c52e3178</code></em>"
+ encoding="md5">
+ ...
+</authorize></pre><p>After modifying user-mapping.xml, the file will be
+ automatically reread by Guacamole, and your changes will
+ take effect immediately. The newly-added user will be able
+ to log in - no restart of the servlet container is
+ needed.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="connection-setup"></a>Adding connections to a user</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909453808" class="indexterm"></a><p>To specify a connection within an
+ <code class="code"><authorize></code> tag, you can either list a
+ single protocol and set of parameters (specified with a
+ <code class="code"><protocol></code> tag and any number of
+ <code class="code"><param></code> tags), in which case that user
+ will have access to only one connection named "DEFAULT", or
+ you can specify one or more connections with one or more
+ <code class="code"><connection></code> tags, each of which can be
+ named and contains a <code class="code"><protocol></code> tag and any
+ number of <code class="code"><param></code> tags.</p></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="connection-configuration"></a>Configuring connections</h2></div></div></div><p>Each protocol supported by Guacamole has its own set of configuration parameters.
+ These parameters typically describe the hostname and port of the remote desktop server,
+ the credentials to use when connecting, if any, and the size and color depth of the
+ display. If the protocol supports file transfer, options for enabling that functionality
+ will be provided as well.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="vnc"></a>VNC</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909444816" class="indexterm"></a><p>The VNC protocol is the simplest and first protocol supported by Guacamole.
+ Although generally not as fast as RDP, many VNC servers are adequate, and VNC over
+ Guacamole tends to be faster than VNC by itself due to decreased bandwidth
+ usage.</p><p>VNC support for Guacamole is provided by the <span class="package">libguac-client-vnc</span>
+ library, which will be installed as part of guacamole-server if the required
+ dependencies are present during the build.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="vnc-network-parameters"></a>Network parameters</h4></div></div></div><p>With the exception of reverse-mode VNC connections, VNC works by making
+ outbound network connections to a particular host which runs one or more VNC
+ servers. Each VNC server is associated with a display number, from which the
+ appropriate port number is derived.</p><div class="informaltable"><a id="vnc-parameters"></a><a id="idm140352909439344" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>hostname</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909431680" class="indexterm"></a>The hostname or IP address of the VNC server
+ Guacamole should connect to.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>port</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909428288" class="indexterm"></a>The port the VNC server is listening on, usually
+ 5900 or 5900 + <em class="replaceable"><code>display number</code></em>.
+ For example, if your VNC server is serving display number 1
+ (sometimes written as <code class="constant">:1</code>), your port
+ number here would be 5901.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>autoretry</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909423792" class="indexterm"></a>The number of times to retry connecting before
+ giving up and returning an error. In the case of a reverse
+ connection, this is the number of times the connection
+ process is allowed to time out.</p>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="vnc-authentication"></a>Authentication</h4></div></div></div><p>The VNC standard defines only password based authentication. Other
+ authentication mechanisms exist, but are non-standard or proprietary. Guacamole
+ supports only the password method.</p><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909418560" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>password</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909410848" class="indexterm"></a>The password to use when attempting
+ authentication, if any. This parameter is optional.</p>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="vnc-display-settings"></a>Display settings</h4></div></div></div><p>VNC servers do not allow the client to request particular display sizes, so
+ you are at the mercy of your VNC server with respect to display width and
+ height. However, to reduce bandwidth usage, you may request that the VNC server
+ reduce its color depth. Guacamole will automatically detect 256-color images,
+ but this can be guaranteed for absolutely all graphics sent over the connection
+ by forcing the color depth to 8-bit. Color depth is otherwise dictated by the
+ VNC server.</p><p>If you are noticing problems with your VNC display, such as the lack of a
+ mouse cursor, the presence of multiple mouse cursors, or strange colors (such as
+ blue colors appearing more like orange or red), these are typically the result
+ of bugs or limitations within the VNC server, and additional parameters are
+ available to work around such issues.</p><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909404512" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>color-depth</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909396800" class="indexterm"></a>The color depth to request, in bits-per-pixel.
+ This parameter is optional. If specified, this must be
+ either 8, 16, 24, or 32. Regardless of what value is chosen
+ here, if a particular update uses less than 256 colors,
+ Guacamole will always send that update as a 256-color
+ PNG.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>swap-red-blue</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>If the colors of your display appear wrong (blues appear
+ orange or red, etc.), it may be that your VNC server is
+ sending image data incorrectly, and the red and blue
+ components of each color are swapped. If this is the case,
+ set this parameter to "true" to work around the problem.
+ This parameter is optional.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>cursor</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909390528" class="indexterm"></a>If set to "remote", the mouse pointer will be
+ rendered remotely, and the local position of the mouse
+ pointer will be indicated by a small dot. A remote mouse
+ cursor will feel slower than a local cursor, but may be
+ necessary if the VNC server does not support sending the
+ cursor image to the client.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>encodings</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909386752" class="indexterm"></a>A space-delimited list of VNC encodings to use.
+ The format of this parameter is dictated by libvncclient and
+ thus doesn't really follow the form of other Guacamole
+ parameters. This parameter is optional, and
+ <span class="package">libguac-client-vnc</span> will use any
+ supported encoding by default.</p>
+ <p>Beware that this parameter is intended to be replaced with
+ individual, encoding-specific parameters in a future
+ release.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>read-only</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909381936" class="indexterm"></a>Whether this connection should be read-only. If
+ set to "true", no input will be accepted on the connection
+ at all. Users will only see the desktop and whatever other
+ users using that same desktop are doing. This parameter is
+ optional.</p>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="vnc-recording"></a>Session recording</h4></div></div></div><p>VNC sessions can be recorded graphically. These recordings take the form of
+ Guacamole protocol dumps and are recorded automatically to a specified
+ directory. Recordings can be subsequently translated to a normal video stream
+ using the <span class="command"><strong>guacenc</strong></span> utility provided with
+ guacamole-server.</p><p>For example, to produce a video called "<em class="replaceable"><code>NAME</code></em>.m4v"
+ from the recording "<em class="replaceable"><code>NAME</code></em>", you would run:</p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>guacenc <em class="replaceable"><code>/path/to/recording/NAME</code></em></code></strong></pre></div><p>The <span class="command"><strong>guacenc</strong></span> utility has additional options for overriding
+ default behavior, including tweaking the output format, which are documented in
+ detail within the manpage:</p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>man guacenc</code></strong></pre></div><div class="important"><h3 class="title">Important</h3><p>Guacamole will never overwrite an existing recording. If necessary, a
+ numeric suffix like ".1", ".2", ".3", etc. will be appended to
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>NAME</code></em> to avoid overwriting an existing
+ recording. If even appending a numeric suffix does not help, the session
+ will simply not be recorded.</p></div><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909368608" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>recording-path</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909360896" class="indexterm"></a>The directory in which screen recording files
+ should be created. <span class="emphasis"><em>If a graphical recording needs
+ to be created, then this parameter is
+ required.</em></span> Specifying this parameter enables
+ graphical screen recording. If this parameter is omitted, no
+ graphical recording will be created.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>create-recording-path</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>If set to "true", the directory specified by the
+ <em class="parameter"><code>recording-path</code></em> parameter will
+ automatically be created if it does not yet exist. Only the
+ final directory in the path will be created - if other
+ directories earlier in the path do not exist, automatic
+ creation will fail, and an error will be logged.</p>
+ <p><span class="emphasis"><em>This parameter is optional.</em></span> By
+ default, the directory specified by the
+ <em class="parameter"><code>recording-path</code></em> parameter will not
+ automatically be created, and attempts to create recordings
+ within a non-existent directory will be logged as
+ errors.</p>
+ <p>This parameter only has an effect if graphical recording
+ is enabled. If the <em class="parameter"><code>recording-path</code></em> is
+ not specified, graphical session recording will be disabled,
+ and this parameter will be ignored.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>recording-name</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>The filename to use for any created recordings.
+ <span class="emphasis"><em>This parameter is optional.</em></span> If
+ omitted, the value "recording" will be used instead.</p>
+ <p>This parameter only has an effect if graphical recording
+ is enabled. If the <em class="parameter"><code>recording-path</code></em> is
+ not specified, graphical session recording will be disabled,
+ and this parameter will be ignored.</p>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="vnc-sftp"></a>File transfer (via SFTP)</h4></div></div></div><p>VNC does not normally support file transfer, but Guacamole can provide file
+ transfer over SFTP even when the remote desktop is otherwise being accessed
+ through VNC and not SSH. If SFTP is enabled on a Guacamole VNC connection, users
+ will be able to upload and download files as described in <a class="xref" href="using-guacamole.html" title="Chapter�10.�Using Guacamole">Chapter�10, <em>Using Guacamole</em></a>.</p><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909344912" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>enable-sftp</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909337200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352909335920" class="indexterm"></a>Whether file transfer should be enabled. If set
+ to "true", the user will be allowed to upload or download
+ files from the specified server using SFTP. If omitted, SFTP
+ will be disabled.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>sftp-hostname</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>The hostname or IP address of the server hosting SFTP.
+ This parameter is optional. If omitted, the hostname of the
+ VNC server specified with the
+ <em class="parameter"><code>hostname</code></em> parameter will be
+ used.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>sftp-port</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>The port the SSH server providing SFTP is listening on,
+ usually 22. This parameter is optional. If omitted, the
+ standard port of 22 will be used.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>sftp-username</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>The username to authenticate as when connecting to the
+ specified SSH server for SFTP. This parameter is
+ required.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>sftp-password</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>The password to use when authenticating with the specified
+ SSH server for SFTP.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>sftp-private-key</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>The entire contents of the private key to use for public
+ key authentication. If this parameter is not specified,
+ public key authentication will not be used. The private key
+ must be in OpenSSH format, as would be generated by the
+ OpenSSH <span class="command"><strong>ssh-keygen</strong></span> utility.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>sftp-passphrase</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>The passphrase to use to decrypt the private key for use
+ in public key authentication. This parameter is not needed
+ if the private key does not require a passphrase.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>sftp-directory</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>The directory to upload files to if they are simply
+ dragged and dropped, and thus otherwise lack a specific
+ upload location. This parameter is optional. If omitted, the
+ default upload location of the SSH server providing SFTP
+ will be used.</p>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="vnc-repeater"></a>VNC Repeater</h4></div></div></div><p>There exist VNC repeaters, such as UltraVNC Repeater, which act as
+ intermediaries or proxies, providing a single logical VNC connection which is
+ then routed to another VNC server elsewhere. Additional parameters are required
+ to select which VNC host behind the repeater will receive the connection.</p><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909314272" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>dest-host</code></em></td><td><a id="idm140352909306864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352909305600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352909304336" class="indexterm"></a>The destination host to request when connecting to a
+ VNC proxy such as UltraVNC Repeater. This is only necessary if
+ the VNC proxy in use requires the connecting user to specify
+ which VNC server to connect to. If the VNC proxy automatically
+ connects to a specific server, this parameter is not
+ necessary.</td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>dest-port</code></em></td><td><a id="idm140352909301072" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352909299808" class="indexterm"></a>The destination port to request when connecting to a
+ VNC proxy such as UltraVNC Repeater. This is only necessary if
+ the VNC proxy in use requires the connecting user to specify
+ which VNC server to connect to. If the VNC proxy automatically
+ connects to a specific server, this parameter is not
+ necessary.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="vnc-reverse-connections"></a>Reverse VNC connections</h4></div></div></div><p>Guacamole supports "reverse" VNC connections, where the VNC client listens for
+ an incoming connection from the VNC server. When reverse VNC connections are
+ used, the VNC client and server switch network roles, but otherwise function as
+ they normally would. The VNC server still provides the remote display, and the
+ VNC client still provides all keyboard and mouse input.</p><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909294384" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>reverse-connect</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909286672" class="indexterm"></a>Whether reverse connection should be used. If
+ set to "true", instead of connecting to a server at a given
+ hostname and port, guacd will listen on the given port for
+ inbound connections from a VNC server.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>listen-timeout</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909283072" class="indexterm"></a>If reverse connection is in use, the maximum
+ amount of time to wait for an inbound connection from a VNC
+ server, in milliseconds. If blank, the default value is 5000
+ (five seconds).</p>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="vnc-audio"></a>Audio support (via PulseAudio)</h4></div></div></div><p>VNC does not provide its own support for audio, but Guacamole's VNC support
+ can obtain audio through a secondary network connection to a PulseAudio server
+ running on the same machine as the VNC server.</p><p>Most Linux systems provide audio through a service called PulseAudio. This
+ service is capable of communicating over the network, and if PulseAudio is
+ configured to allow TCP connections, Guacamole can connect to your PulseAudio
+ server and combine its audio with the graphics coming over VNC.</p><p>Configuring PulseAudio for network connections requires an additional line
+ within the PulseAudio configuration file, usually
+ <code class="filename">/etc/pulse/default.pa</code>:</p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=<em class="replaceable"><code>192.168.1.0/24</code></em> auth-anonymous=1</pre></div><p>This loads the TCP module for PulseAudio, configuring it to accept connections
+ without authentication and <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span> from the
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>192.168.1.0/24</code></em> subnet. You will want to replace
+ this value with the subnet or IP address from which guacd will be connecting. It
+ is possible to allow connections from absolutely anywhere, but beware that you
+ should only do so if the nature of your network prevents unauthorized
+ access:</p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="programlisting">load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-anonymous=1</pre></div><p>In either case, the <code class="code">auth-anonymous=1</code> parameter is strictly
+ required. Guacamole does not currently support the cookie-based authentication
+ used by PulseAudio for non-anonymous connections. If this parameter is omitted,
+ Guacamole will not be able to connect to PulseAudio.</p><p>Once the PulseAudio configuration file has been modified appropriately,
+ restart the PulseAudio service. PulseAudio should then begin listening on port
+ 4713 (the default PulseAudio port) for incoming TCP connections. You can verify
+ this using a utility like <span class="command"><strong>netstat</strong></span>:</p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>netstat -ln | grep 4713</code></strong>
+<code class="computeroutput">tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4713 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
+tcp6 0 0 :::4713 :::* LISTEN</code>
+<code class="prompt">$</code></pre></div><p>The following parameters are available for configuring the audio support for
+ VNC:</p><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909266416" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>enable-audio</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909258704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352909257424" class="indexterm"></a>If set to "true", audio support will be enabled,
+ and a second connection for PulseAudio will be made in
+ addition to the VNC connection. By default, audio support
+ within VNC is disabled.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>audio-servername</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>The name of the PulseAudio server to connect to. This will
+ be the hostname of the computer providing audio for your
+ connection via PulseAudio, most likely the same as the value
+ given for the <em class="parameter"><code>hostname</code></em>
+ parameter.</p>
+ <p>If this parameter is omitted, the default PulseAudio
+ device will be used, which will be the PulseAudio server
+ running on the same machine as guacd.</p>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="vnc-clipboard-encoding"></a>Clipboard encoding</h4></div></div></div><p>While Guacamole will always use UTF-8 for its own clipboard data, the VNC
+ standard requires that clipboard data be encoded in ISO 8859-1. As most VNC
+ servers will not accept data in any other format, Guacamole will translate
+ between UTF-8 and ISO 8859-1 when exchanging clipboard data with the VNC server,
+ but this behavior can be overridden with the
+ <em class="parameter"><code>clipboard-encoding</code></em> parameter.</p><div class="important"><h3 class="title">Important</h3><p><span class="emphasis"><em>The only clipboard encoding guaranteed to be supported by VNC
+ servers is ISO 8859-1.</em></span> You should only override the clipboard
+ encoding using the <em class="parameter"><code>clipboard-encoding</code></em> parameter of
+ you are absolutely positive your VNC server supports other encodings.</p></div><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909246192" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>clipboard-encoding</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909238480" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352909237680" class="indexterm"></a>The encoding to assume for the VNC clipboard.
+ This parameter is optionl. By default, the standard encoding
+ ISO 8859-1 will be used. <span class="emphasis"><em>Only use this parameter
+ if you are sure your VNC server supports other encodings
+ beyond the standard ISO 8859-1.</em></span></p>
+ <p>Possible values are:</p>
+ <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">ISO8859-1</code></span></dt><dd><p>ISO 8859-1 is the clipboard encoding mandated
+ by the VNC standard, and supports only basic Latin
+ characters. Unless your VNC server specifies
+ otherwise, this encoding is the only encoding
+ guaranteed to work.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">UTF-8</code></span></dt><dd><p>UTF-8 - the most common encoding used for
+ Unicode. Using this encoding for the VNC clipboard
+ violates the VNC specification, but some servers
+ do support this. This parameter value should only
+ be used if you know your VNC server supports this
+ encoding.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">UTF-16</code></span></dt><dd><p>UTF-16 - a 16-bit encoding for Unicode which
+ is not as common as UTF-8, but still widely used.
+ Using this encoding for the VNC clipboard violates
+ the VNC specification. This parameter value should
+ only be used if you know your VNC server supports
+ this encoding.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">CP1252</code></span></dt><dd><p>Code page 1252 - a Windows-specific encoding
+ for Latin characters which is mostly a superset of
+ ISO 8859-1, mapping some additional displayable
+ characters onto what would otherwise be control
+ characters. Using this encoding for the VNC
+ clipboard violates the VNC specification. This
+ parameter value should only be used if you know
+ your VNC server supports this encoding.</p></dd></dl></div>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="adding-vnc"></a>Adding a VNC connection</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909221824" class="indexterm"></a><p>If you are using the default authentication built into Guacamole, and you wish
+ to grant access to a VNC connection to a particular user, you need to locate the
+ <code class="code"><authorize></code> section for that user within your
+ <code class="filename">user-mapping.xml</code>, and add a section like the following
+ within it:</p><pre class="programlisting"><connection name="<em class="replaceable"><code>Unique Name</code></em>">
+ <protocol>vnc</protocol>
+ <param name="hostname"><em class="replaceable"><code>localhost</code></em></param>
+ <param name="port"><em class="replaceable"><code>5901</code></em></param>
+</connection></pre><p>If added exactly as above, a new connection named "<em class="replaceable"><code>Unique
+ Name</code></em>" will be available to the user associated with the
+ <code class="code"><authorize></code> section containing it. The connection will use
+ VNC to connect to <em class="replaceable"><code>localhost</code></em> at port
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>5901</code></em>. Naturally, you will want to change some or
+ all of these values.</p><p>If your VNC server requires a password, or you wish to specify other
+ configuration parameters (to reduce the color depth, for example), you will need
+ to add additional <code class="code"><param></code> tags accordingly.</p><p>Other authentication methods will provide documentation describing how to
+ configure new connections. If the authentication method in use fully implements
+ the features of Guacamole's authentication API, you will be able to add a new
+ VNC connection easily and intuitively using the administration interface built
+ into Guacamole. You will not need to edit configuration files.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="vnc-servers"></a>Which VNC server?</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909211264" class="indexterm"></a><p>The choice of VNC server can make a big difference when it comes to
+ performance, especially over slower networks. While many systems provide VNC
+ access by default, using this is often not the fastest method.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="realvnc"></a>RealVNC or TigerVNC</h5></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909208592" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352909207680" class="indexterm"></a><p>RealVNC, and its derivative TigerVNC, perform quite well. In our testing,
+ they perform the best with Guacamole. If you are okay with having a desktop
+ that can only be accessed via VNC, one of these is likely your best choice.
+ Both optimize window movement and (depending on the application) scrolling,
+ giving a very responsive user experience.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="tightvnc"></a>TightVNC</h5></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909204576" class="indexterm"></a><p>TightVNC is widely-available and performs generally as well as RealVNC or
+ TigerVNC. If you wish to use TightVNC with Guacamole, performance should be
+ just fine, but we highly recommend disabling its JPEG encoding. This is
+ because images transmitted to Guacamole are always encoded losslessly as PNG
+ images. When this operation is performed on a JPEG image, the artifacts
+ present from JPEG's lossy compression reduce the compressibility of the
+ image for PNG, thus leading to a slower experience overall than if JPEG was
+ simply not used to begin with.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="x11vnc"></a>x11vnc</h5></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909201248" class="indexterm"></a><p>The main benefit of using x11vnc is that it allows you to continue using
+ your desktop normally, while simultaneously exposing control of your desktop
+ via VNC. Performance of x11vnc is comparable to RealVNC, TigerVNC, and
+ TightVNC. If you need to use your desktop locally as well as via VNC, you
+ will likely be quite happy with x11vnc.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="vino"></a>vino</h5></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909198144" class="indexterm"></a><p>vino is the VNC server that comes with the Gnome desktop environment, and
+ is enabled if you enable "desktop sharing" via the system preferences
+ available within Gnome. If you need to share your local desktop, we
+ recommend using x11vnc rather vino, as it has proven more performant and
+ feature-complete in our testing. If you don't need to share a local desktop
+ but simply need an environment you can access remotely, using a VNC server
+ like RealVNC, TigerVNC, or TightVNC is a better choice.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="qemu"></a>QEMU or KVM</h5></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909194896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352909193984" class="indexterm"></a><p>QEMU (and thus KVM) expose the displays of virtual machines using VNC. If
+ you need to see the virtual monitor of your virtual machine, using this VNC
+ connection is really your only choice. As the VNC server built into QEMU
+ cannot be aware of higher-level operations like window movement, resizing,
+ or scrolling, those operations will tend to be sent suboptimally, and will
+ not be as fast as a VNC server running within the virtual machine.</p><p>If you wish to use a virtual machine for desktop access, we recommend
+ installing a native VNC server inside the virtual machine after the virtual
+ machine is set up. This will give a more responsive desktop.</p></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="rdp"></a>RDP</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm140352909189744" class="indexterm"></a><p>The RDP protocol is more complicated than VNC and was the second protocol
+ officially supported by Guacamole. RDP tends to be faster than VNC due to the use of
+ caching, which Guacamole does take advantage of.</p><p>RDP support for Guacamole is provided by the <span class="package">libguac-client-rdp</span>
+ library, which will be installed as part of guacamole-server if the required
+ dependencies are present during the build.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="rdp-network-parameters"></a>Network parameters</h4></div></div></div><p>RDP connections require a hostname or IP address defining the destination
+ machine. The RDP port is defined to be 3389, and will be this value in most
+ cases. You only need to specify the RDP port if you are not using port
+ 3389.</p><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909184720" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>hostname</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909177008" class="indexterm"></a>The hostname or IP address of the RDP server
+ Guacamole should connect to.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>port</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909173616" class="indexterm"></a>The port the RDP server is listening on, usually
+ 3389. This parameter is optional. If this is not specified,
+ the default of 3389 will be used.</p>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="rdp-authentication"></a>Authentication and security</h4></div></div></div><p>RDP provides authentication through the use of a username, password, and
+ optional domain.</p><p>Most RDP servers will provide a graphical login if the username, password, and
+ domain parameters are omitted. One notable exception to this is Network Level
+ Authentication, or NLA, which performs all authentication outside of a desktop
+ session, and thus in the absence of a graphical interface. If your server
+ requires NLA, you will need to manually choose this as your security mode, and
+ you <span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> provide a username and password.</p><p>All RDP connections are encrypted. Higher-grade encryption is available in the
+ form of TLS, another possible security mode.</p><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909166608" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>username</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909158896" class="indexterm"></a>The username to use to authenticate, if any.
+ This parameter is optional.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>password</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909155504" class="indexterm"></a>The password to use when attempting
+ authentication, if any. This parameter is optional.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>domain</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909152096" class="indexterm"></a>The domain to use when attempting
+ authentication, if any. This parameter is optional.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>security</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909148688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352909147408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352909146128" class="indexterm"></a>The security mode to use for the RDP connection.
+ This mode dictates how data will be encrypted and what type
+ of authentication will be performed, if any. By default,
+ standard RDP encryption is requested, as it is the most
+ widely supported.</p>
+ <p>Possible values are:</p>
+ <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">rdp</code></span></dt><dd><p>Standard RDP encryption. <span class="emphasis"><em>This is the
+ default</em></span> and should be supported by all
+ RDP servers.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">nla</code></span></dt><dd><p>Network Level Authentication. This mode
+ requires the username and password, and performs
+ an authentication step before the remote desktop
+ session actually starts. If the username and
+ password are not given, the connection cannot be
+ made.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">tls</code></span></dt><dd><p>TLS encryption. TLS (Transport Layer Security)
+ is the successor to SSL.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">any</code></span></dt><dd><p>Allow the server to choose the type of
+ security.</p></dd></dl></div>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>ignore-cert</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909131808" class="indexterm"></a>If set to "true", the certificate returned by
+ the server will be ignored, even if that certificate cannot
+ be validated. This is useful if you universally trust the
+ server and your connection to the server, and you know that
+ the server's certificate cannot be validated (for example,
+ if it is self-signed).</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>disable-auth</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909128016" class="indexterm"></a>If set to "true", authentication will be
+ disabled. Note that this refers to authentication that takes
+ place while connecting. Any authentication enforced by the
+ server over the remote desktop session (such as a login
+ dialog) will still take place. By default, authentication is
+ enabled and only used when requested by the server.</p>
+ <p>If you are using NLA, authentication must be enabled by
+ definition.</p>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="rdp-session-settings"></a>Session settings</h4></div></div></div><p>RDP sessions will typically involve the full desktop environment of a normal
+ user. Alternatively, you can manually specify a program to use instead of the
+ RDP server's default shell, or connect to the administrative console.</p><p>Although Guacamole is independent of keyboard layout, RDP is not. This is
+ because Guacamole represents keys based on what they <span class="emphasis"><em>do</em></span>
+ ("press the <span class="keycap"><strong>Enter</strong></span> key"), while RDP uses identifiers based on
+ the key's location ("press the rightmost key in the second row"). To translate
+ between a Guacamole key event and an RDP key event, Guacamole must know ahead
+ of time the keyboard layout of the RDP server.</p><p>By default, the US English qwerty keyboard will be used. If this does not
+ match the keyboard layout of your RDP server, keys will not be properly
+ translated, and you will need to explicitly choose a different layout in your
+ connection settings. If your keyboard layout is not supported, please notify the
+ Guacamole team by <a class="link" href="https://glyptodon.org/jira/" target="_top">opening an issue in
+ JIRA</a>.</p><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909118368" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>client-name</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909110656" class="indexterm"></a>When connecting to the RDP server, Guacamole
+ will normally provide its own hostname as the name of the
+ client. If this parameter is specified, Guacamole will use
+ its value instead.</p>
+ <p>On Windows RDP servers, this value is exposed within the
+ session as the <code class="envar">CLIENTNAME</code> environment
+ variable.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>console</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909106016" class="indexterm"></a>If set to "true", you will be connected to the
+ console (admin) session of the RDP server.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>initial-program</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909102608" class="indexterm"></a>The full path to the program to run immediately
+ upon connecting. This parameter is optional.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>server-layout</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909099200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm140352909098400" class="indexterm"></a>The server-side keyboard layout. This is the
+ layout of the RDP server and has nothing to do with the
+ keyboard layout in use on the client. <span class="emphasis"><em>The
+ Guacamole client is independent of keyboard
+ layout.</em></span> The RDP protocol, however, is
+ <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> independent of keyboard layout,
+ and Guacamole needs to know the keyboard layout of the
+ server in order to send the proper keys when a user is
+ typing.</p>
+ <p>Possible values are:</p>
+ <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">en-us-qwerty</code></span></dt><dd><p>English (US) keyboard</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">de-de-qwertz</code></span></dt><dd><p>German keyboard (qwertz)</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">fr-fr-azerty</code></span></dt><dd><p>French keyboard (azerty)</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">it-it-qwerty</code></span></dt><dd><p>Italian keyboard</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">ja-jp-qwerty</code></span></dt><dd><p>Japanese keyboard</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">sv-se-qwerty</code></span></dt><dd><p>Swedish keyboard</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">failsafe</code></span></dt><dd><p>Unknown keyboard - this option sends only
+ Unicode events and should work for any keyboard,
+ though not necessarily all RDP servers or
+ applications.</p><p>If your server's keyboard layout is not yet
+ supported, this option should work in the
+ meantime.</p></dd></dl></div>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="rdp-display-settings"></a>Display settings</h4></div></div></div><p>Guacamole will automatically choose an appropriate display size for RDP
+ connections based on the size of the browser window and the DPI of the device.
+ The size of the display can be forced by specifying explicit width or height
+ values.</p><p>To reduce bandwidth usage, you may also request that the server reduce its
+ color depth. Guacamole will automatically detect 256-color images, but this can
+ be guaranteed for absolutely all graphics sent over the connection by forcing
+ the color depth to 8-bit. Color depth is otherwise dictated by the RDP
+ server.</p><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909074336" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>color-depth</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909066624" class="indexterm"></a>The color depth to request, in bits-per-pixel.
+ This parameter is optional. If specified, this must be
+ either 8, 16, or 24. Regardless of what value is chosen
+ here, if a particular update uses less than 256 colors,
+ Guacamole will always send that update as a 256-color
+ PNG.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>width</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909062864" class="indexterm"></a>The width of the display to request, in pixels.
+ This parameter is optional. If this value is not specified,
+ the width of the connecting client display will be used
+ instead.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>height</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>The height of the display to request, in pixels. This
+ parameter is optional. If this value is not specified, the
+ height of the connecting client display will be used
+ instead.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>dpi</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909057008" class="indexterm"></a>The desired effective resolution of the client
+ display, in DPI. This parameter is optional. If this value
+ is not specified, the resolution and size of the client
+ display will be used together to determine, heuristically,
+ an appropriate resolution for the RDP session.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>resize-method</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909053296" class="indexterm"></a>The method to use to update the RDP server when
+ the width or height of the client display changes. This
+ parameter is optional. If this value is not specified, no
+ action will be taken when the client display changes
+ size.</p>
+ <p>Normally, the display size of an RDP session is constant
+ and can only be changed when initially connecting. As of RDP
+ 8.1, the "Display Update" channel can be used to request
+ that the server change the display size. For older RDP
+ servers, the only option is to disconnect and reconnect with
+ the new size.</p>
+ <p>Possible values are:</p>
+ <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">display-update</code></span></dt><dd><p>Uses the "Display Update" channel added with
+ RDP 8.1 to signal the server when the client
+ display size has changed.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">reconnect</code></span></dt><dd><p>Automatically disconnects the RDP session when
+ the client display size has changed, and
+ reconnects with the new size.</p></dd></dl></div>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="rdp-recording"></a>Session recording</h4></div></div></div><p>RDP sessions can be recorded graphically. These recordings take the form of
+ Guacamole protocol dumps and are recorded automatically to a specified
+ directory. Recordings can be subsequently translated to a normal video stream
+ using the <span class="command"><strong>guacenc</strong></span> utility provided with
+ guacamole-server.</p><p>For example, to produce a video called "<em class="replaceable"><code>NAME</code></em>.m4v"
+ from the recording "<em class="replaceable"><code>NAME</code></em>", you would run:</p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>guacenc <em class="replaceable"><code>/path/to/recording/NAME</code></em></code></strong></pre></div><p>The <span class="command"><strong>guacenc</strong></span> utility has additional options for overriding
+ default behavior, including tweaking the output format, which are documented in
+ detail within the manpage:</p><div class="informalexample"><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>man guacenc</code></strong></pre></div><div class="important"><h3 class="title">Important</h3><p>Guacamole will never overwrite an existing recording. If necessary, a
+ numeric suffix like ".1", ".2", ".3", etc. will be appended to
+ <em class="replaceable"><code>NAME</code></em> to avoid overwriting an existing
+ recording. If even appending a numeric suffix does not help, the session
+ will simply not be recorded.</p></div><div class="informaltable"><a id="idm140352909033456" class="indexterm"></a><table border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1" /><col class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Parameter name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>recording-path</code></em></td><td>
+ <p><a id="idm140352909025744" class="indexterm"></a>The directory in which screen recording files
+ should be created. <span class="emphasis"><em>If a graphical recording needs
+ to be created, then this parameter is
+ required.</em></span> Specifying this parameter enables
+ graphical screen recording. If this parameter is omitted, no
+ graphical recording will be created.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>create-recording-path</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>If set to "true", the directory specified by the
+ <em class="parameter"><code>recording-path</code></em> parameter will
+ automatically be created if it does not yet exist. Only the
+ final directory in the path will be created - if other
+ directories earlier in the path do not exist, automatic
+ creation will fail, and an error will be logged.</p>
+ <p><span class="emphasis"><em>This parameter is optional.</em></span> By
+ default, the directory specified by the
+ <em class="parameter"><code>recording-path</code></em> parameter will not
+ automatically be created, and attempts to create recordings
+ within a non-existent directory will be logged as
+ errors.</p>
+ <p>This parameter only has an effect if graphical recording
+ is enabled. If the <em class="parameter"><code>recording-path</code></em> is
+ not specified, graphical session recording will be disabled,
+ and this parameter will be ignored.</p>
+ </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>recording-name</code></em></td><td>
+ <p>The filename to use for any created recordings.
+ <span class="emphasis"><em>This parameter is optional.</em></span> If
+ omitted, the value "recording" will be used instead.</p>
+ <p>This parameter only has an effect if graphical recording
+ is enabled. If the <em class="parameter"><code>recording-path</code></em> is
+ not specified, graphical session recording will be disabled,
+ and this parameter will be ignored.</p>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="rdp-device-redirection"></a>Device redirection</h4></div></div></div><p>Device redirection refers to the use of non-display devices over RDP.
+ Guacamole's RDP support currently allows redirection of audio, printing, and
+ disk access, some of which require additional configuration in order to function
+ properly.</p><p>Audio redirection will be enabled by default. If Guacamole was correctly
+ installed, and audio redirection is supported by your RDP server, sound should
+ play within remote connections without manual intervention.</p><p>Printing requires <span class="application">GhostScript</span> to be installed on
+ the Guacamole server, and allows users to print arbitrary documents directly to
+ PDF. When documents are printed to the
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