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Posted to commits@logging.apache.org by rg...@apache.org on 2018/08/04 06:41:16 UTC
svn commit: r1033485 -
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Author: rgoers
Date: Sat Aug 4 06:41:16 2018
New Revision: 1033485
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websites/production/logging/content/log4j/log4j-2.11.1/manual/usage.html
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==============================================================================
--- websites/production/logging/content/log4j/log4j-2.11.1/manual/usage.html (added)
+++ websites/production/logging/content/log4j/log4j-2.11.1/manual/usage.html Sat Aug 4 06:41:16 2018
@@ -0,0 +1,623 @@
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+ <!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License. -->
+
+ <div class="section">
+<h2><a name="Usage"></a>Usage</h2>
+ <a name="StaticVsNonStatic"></a>
+
+<div class="section">
+<h3><a name="Static_vs_Non-Static_Loggers"></a>Static vs Non-Static Loggers</h3>
+
+<p>As with any variable in Java, Loggers may be declared as static variables or class member variables. However,
+ there are a few factors to consider when choosing to delare a logger as static vs non-static. Generally, it
+ is better to declare Loggers as static.
+ </p>
+<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
+
+<li>
+ Instantiation of a new Logger is a fairly expensive operation when using the default ContextSelector,
+ <a href="../log4j-core/apidocs/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/selector/ClassLoaderContextSelector.html" class="javadoc">ClassLoaderContextSelector</a>.
+ When the Logger is created the <tt>ClassLoaderContextSelector</tt> will locate the ClassLoader for the Class the Logger
+ is associated with and add the Logger to the LoggerContext associated with that ClassLoader.
+ </li>
+
+<li>
+ Once a Logger is created it will not be deleted until the <tt>LoggerContext</tt> it is associated with
+ is deleted. Typically, this will only happen when the application is shut down or un-deployed. Each call
+ to getLogger with the same logger name will return the same Logger instance. Thus, there is very little
+ difference between a static or non-static Logger.
+ </li>
+
+<li>
+ There is no behavioral difference between a static and non-static Logger. Both will have the Logger name
+ assigned when they are created, which usually will be the name of the class they are associated with. See
+ the discussion below on logger names vs class names and the example for more information.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+
+ </div>
+ <a name="LoggerVsClass"></a>
+
+<div class="section">
+<h3><a name="Logging_the_Logger_name_vs_the_Class_name"></a>Logging the Logger name vs the Class name</h3>
+
+<p>
+ The logger name of a Logger is specified when the Logger is created. When a log method is called the
+ class name value in the log event will reflect the name of the class the log method was called from, which is
+ not necessarily the same as the class that created the Logger. The following example illustrations this.
+ </p>
+
+
+<p>The base class creates a static Logger and a logger variable that is initialized as that same Logger.
+ It has two methods that perform logging, once that uses the static logger and one that uses a Logger that
+ can be overridden.
+ </p>
+
+
+
+<div>
+<pre class="prettyprint">
+ package org.apache.logging;
+
+ import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
+
+ /**
+ *
+ */
+ public abstract class MySuperClass {
+
+ // The name of this Logger will be "org.apache.logging.MySuperClass"
+ protected static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger();
+
+ private Logger logger = LOGGER;
+
+ protected Logger getLogger() {
+ return logger;
+ }
+
+ protected void setLogger(Logger logger) {
+ this.logger = logger;
+ }
+
+
+ protected void demoLog(Marker marker) {
+ logger.debug(marker,"MySuperClass log message");
+ }
+ }
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<p>
+ This class extends the base class. It provides its own logger and has two methods, one that uses the
+ logger in this class and one that uses the static logger from the base class.
+ </p>
+
+
+<div>
+<pre class="prettyprint">
+ package org.apache.logging;
+
+ import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
+
+ /**
+ *
+ */
+ public class MyClass extends MySuperClass {
+
+ // The name of this Logge will be "org.apache.logging.MyClass"
+ public Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger();
+
+ public void log1(Marker marker) {
+ logger.debug(marker,"MyClass logger message");
+ }
+
+ public void log2(Marker marker) {
+ LOGGER.debug(marker,"MySuperClass logger message from MyClass");
+ }
+ }
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>
+ The application exercises all the logging methods four times. The first two times the Logger in the base
+ class is set to the static Logger. The second two times the Logger in the base class is set to use the
+ Logger in the subclass. In the first and third invocation of each method a null Marker is passed. In the
+ second and fourth a Marker named "CLASS" is passed.
+ </p>
+
+
+<div>
+<pre class="prettyprint">
+ package org.apache.logging;
+
+ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
+ import org.apache.logging.log4j.MarkerManager;
+
+ public class App {
+
+ public static void main( String[] args ) {
+ Marker marker = MarkerManager.getMarker("CLASS");
+ MyClass myclass = new MyClass();
+
+ System.out.println("------- MySuperClass Logger ----------");
+ myclass.demoLog(null);
+ myclass.demoLog(marker);
+ myclass.log1(null);
+ myclass.log1(marker);
+ myclass.log2(null);
+ myclass.log2(marker);
+
+ myclass.setLogger(myclass.logger);
+
+ System.out.println("------- MySuperClass Logger set to MyClass Logger ----------");
+ myclass.demoLog(null);
+ myclass.demoLog(marker);
+ myclass.log1(null);
+ myclass.log1(marker);
+ myclass.log2(null);
+ myclass.log2(marker);
+ }
+ }</pre></div>
+
+
+<p>
+ The configuration takes advantage of Log4j's ability to select a pattern based upon attributes of the log event.
+ In this case %C, the class name pattern, is used when the CLASS Marker is present, and %c, the logger name
+ is used when the CLASS marker is not present.
+ </p>
+
+<div>
+<pre class="prettyprint linenums"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Configuration status="error">
+ <Appenders>
+ <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
+ <PatternLayout>
+ <MarkerPatternSelector defaultPattern="%sn. Logger name %c %msg%n">
+ <PatternMatch key="CLASS" pattern="%sn. Class name %C %msg%n"/>
+ </MarkerPatternSelector>
+ </PatternLayout>
+ </Console>
+ </Appenders>
+ <Loggers>
+ <Root level="TRACE">
+ <AppenderRef ref="Console" />
+ </Root>
+ </Loggers>
+</Configuration></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>
+ The output below illustrates the difference between using the Logger name and the Class name in the pattern. All
+ the odd numbered items print the name of the logger (%c) while all the even numbered items print the
+ name of the class that called the logging method (%C). The numbers in the description of the outcomes in the
+ following list match the corresponding numbers shown in the output.
+ </p>
+<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the base class using the static logger with the Logger name pattern. The
+ logger name matches the name of the base class.</li>
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the base class using the static logger with the Class name pattern. Although
+ the method was called against the MyClass instance it is implemented in MySuperClass so that is what
+ appears.</li>
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the subclass using the logger in the subclass, so the name of the
+ subclass is printed as the logger name.</li>
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the subclass using the logger in the subclass, so the name of the subclass
+ is printed since that is where the method exists.</li>
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the subclass with the static logger of the base class. Thus the name
+ of the base class Logger is printed.</li>
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the subclass with the static logger of the base class, so the name
+ of the subclass is printed since that is where the method performing the logging exists.</li>
+
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the base class using the logger of the subclass. The
+ logger name matches the name of the subclass and so is printed.</li>
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the base class using the logger of the subclass. Although
+ the method was called against the MyClass instance it is implemented in MySuperClass so that is what
+ appears as the class name.</li>
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the subclass using the logger in the subclass, so the name of the
+ subclass is printed as the logger name.</li>
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the subclass using the logger in the subclass, so the name of the subclass
+ is printed since that is where the method exists.</li>
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the subclass with the logger of the base class. Thus the name
+ of the base class Logger is printed.</li>
+
+<li>Logging is performed in the subclass with the static logger of the base class, so the name
+ of the subclass is printed since that is where the method performing the logging exists.</li>
+ </ol>
+
+
+<div>
+<pre class="prettyprint">
+ ------- MySuperClass Logger ----------
+ 1. Logger name org.apache.logging.MySuperClass MySuperClass log message
+ 2. Class name org.apache.logging.MySuperClass MySuperClass log message
+ 3. Logger name org.apache.logging.MyClass MyClass logger message
+ 4. Class name org.apache.logging.MyClass MyClass logger message
+ 5. Logger name org.apache.logging.MySuperClass MySuperClass logger message from MyClass
+ 6. Class name org.apache.logging.MyClass MySuperClass logger message from MyClass
+ ------- MySuperClass Logger set to MyClass Logger ----------
+ 7. Logger name org.apache.logging.MyClass MySuperClass log message
+ 8. Class name org.apache.logging.MySuperClass MySuperClass log message
+ 9. Logger name org.apache.logging.MyClass MyClass logger message
+ 10. Class name org.apache.logging.MyClass MyClass logger message
+ 11. Logger name org.apache.logging.MySuperClass MySuperClass logger message from MyClass
+ 12. Class name org.apache.logging.MyClass MySuperClass logger message from MyClass
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<p>
+ In the example above there are two Loggers declared. One is static and one is non-static. When looking at
+ the results it is clear that the outcomes would be exactly the same regardless of whether how the loggers
+ are declared. The name of the logger will always originate from the class in which it is created and the
+ Class name in each log event will always reflect the Class from which the logging method was called.
+ </p>
+
+<p>
+ It should be noted that there is a substantial performance penalty for printing the location information
+ (class name, method name, and line number). If the method name and line number are not important it is
+ usually better to make sure that each class has its own Logger so the logger name accurately reflects the
+ class performing the logging.
+ </p>
+
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ </div>
+
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