You are viewing a plain text version of this content. The canonical link for it is here.
Posted to commits@logging.apache.org by rp...@apache.org on 2018/01/21 13:31:15 UTC

[1/3] logging-log4j2 git commit: LOG4J2-1883 replace timeMillis with Instant/MutableInstant in LogEvent; support formatting date times in higher precision than milliseconds; add Java 9 precise time source; update docs

Repository: logging-log4j2
Updated Branches:
  refs/heads/LOG4J2-1883-instant-field [created] a07d6ba48


http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormatTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormatTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormatTest.java
index 55e5d59..e41c4e1 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormatTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormatTest.java
@@ -156,6 +156,9 @@ public class FixedDateFormatTest {
         final long start = now - TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(25);
         final long end = now + TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(25);
         for (final FixedFormat format : FixedFormat.values()) {
+            if (format.getPattern().endsWith("n")) {
+                continue; // cannot compile precise timestamp formats with SimpleDateFormat
+            }
             final SimpleDateFormat simpleDF = new SimpleDateFormat(format.getPattern(), Locale.getDefault());
             final FixedDateFormat customTF = new FixedDateFormat(format, TimeZone.getDefault());
             for (long time = start; time < end; time += 12345) {
@@ -172,6 +175,9 @@ public class FixedDateFormatTest {
         final long start = now - TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(25);
         final long end = now + TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(25);
         for (final FixedFormat format : FixedFormat.values()) {
+            if (format.getPattern().endsWith("n")) {
+                continue; // cannot compile precise timestamp formats with SimpleDateFormat
+            }
             final SimpleDateFormat simpleDF = new SimpleDateFormat(format.getPattern(), Locale.getDefault());
             final FixedDateFormat customTF = new FixedDateFormat(format, TimeZone.getDefault());
             for (long time = end; time > start; time -= 12345) {
@@ -189,6 +195,9 @@ public class FixedDateFormatTest {
         final long end = now + TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(25);
         final char[] buffer = new char[128];
         for (final FixedFormat format : FixedFormat.values()) {
+            if (format.getPattern().endsWith("n")) {
+                continue; // cannot compile precise timestamp formats with SimpleDateFormat
+            }
             final SimpleDateFormat simpleDF = new SimpleDateFormat(format.getPattern(), Locale.getDefault());
             final FixedDateFormat customTF = new FixedDateFormat(format, TimeZone.getDefault());
             for (long time = start; time < end; time += 12345) {
@@ -207,6 +216,9 @@ public class FixedDateFormatTest {
         final long end = now + TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(25);
         final char[] buffer = new char[128];
         for (final FixedFormat format : FixedFormat.values()) {
+            if (format.getPattern().endsWith("n")) {
+                continue; // cannot compile precise timestamp formats with SimpleDateFormat
+            }
             final SimpleDateFormat simpleDF = new SimpleDateFormat(format.getPattern(), Locale.getDefault());
             final FixedDateFormat customTF = new FixedDateFormat(format, TimeZone.getDefault());
             for (long time = end; time > start; time -= 12345) {
@@ -362,6 +374,9 @@ public class FixedDateFormatTest {
         final long end = now + TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(1);
 
         for (final FixedFormat format : FixedFormat.values()) {
+            if (format.getPattern().endsWith("n")) {
+                continue; // cannot compile precise timestamp formats with SimpleDateFormat
+            }
             final SimpleDateFormat simpleDF = new SimpleDateFormat(format.getPattern(), Locale.getDefault());
             final FixedDateFormat customTF = new FixedDateFormat(format, TimeZone.getDefault());
             for (long time = end; time > start; time -= 12345) {

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml b/log4j-core/src/test/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml
index c174abc..d800739 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextMapJsonAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextStackAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextStackJsonAttributeConverter</class>
+    <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.InstantAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.LevelAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.MarkerAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.MessageAttributeConverter</class>
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextMapJsonAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextStackAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextStackJsonAttributeConverter</class>
+    <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.InstantAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.LevelAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.MarkerAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.MessageAttributeConverter</class>

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-flume-ng/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/flume/appender/FlumeEvent.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-flume-ng/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/flume/appender/FlumeEvent.java b/log4j-flume-ng/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/flume/appender/FlumeEvent.java
index 7a2b962..73cd43e 100644
--- a/log4j-flume-ng/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/flume/appender/FlumeEvent.java
+++ b/log4j-flume-ng/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/flume/appender/FlumeEvent.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jLogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThrowableProxy;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Patterns;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.UuidUtil;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.MapMessage;
@@ -294,6 +295,15 @@ public class FlumeEvent extends SimpleEvent implements LogEvent {
     }
 
     /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     * @since 2.11
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Instant getInstant() {
+        return event.getInstant();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Returns the value of the running Java Virtual Machine's high-resolution time source when this event was created,
      * or a dummy value if it is known that this value will not be used downstream.
      * @return the event nanosecond timestamp.

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-perf/src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-perf/src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml b/log4j-perf/src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml
index c174abc..d800739 100644
--- a/log4j-perf/src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml
+++ b/log4j-perf/src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextMapJsonAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextStackAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextStackJsonAttributeConverter</class>
+    <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.InstantAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.LevelAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.MarkerAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.MessageAttributeConverter</class>
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextMapJsonAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextStackAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextStackJsonAttributeConverter</class>
+    <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.InstantAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.LevelAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.MarkerAttributeConverter</class>
     <class>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.MessageAttributeConverter</class>

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/src/site/xdoc/manual/layouts.xml.vm
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/site/xdoc/manual/layouts.xml.vm b/src/site/xdoc/manual/layouts.xml.vm
index c406aaa..6d5bece 100644
--- a/src/site/xdoc/manual/layouts.xml.vm
+++ b/src/site/xdoc/manual/layouts.xml.vm
@@ -346,6 +346,10 @@ logger.debug("one={}, two={}, three={}", 1, 2, 3);
           </p>
           <pre class="prettyprint linenums">{
   "timeMillis" : 1493121664118,
+  "instant" : {
+    "epochSecond" : 1493121664,
+    "nanoOfSecond" : 118000000
+  },
   "thread" : "main",
   "level" : "INFO",
   "loggerName" : "HelloWorld",
@@ -736,7 +740,15 @@ WARN  [main]: Message 2</pre>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                       <td>%d{DEFAULT}</td>
-                      <td>2012-11-02 14:34:02,781</td>
+                      <td>2012-11-02 14:34:02,123</td>
+                    </tr>
+                    <tr>
+                      <td>%d{DEFAULT_MICROS}</td>
+                      <td>2012-11-02 14:34:02,123456</td>
+                    </tr>
+                    <tr>
+                      <td>%d{DEFAULT_NANOS}</td>
+                      <td>2012-11-02 14:34:02,123456789</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                       <td>%d{ISO8601}</td>
@@ -751,6 +763,14 @@ WARN  [main]: Message 2</pre>
                       <td>14:34:02,781</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
+                      <td>%d{ABSOLUTE_MICROS}</td>
+                      <td>14:34:02,123456</td>
+                    </tr>
+                    <tr>
+                      <td>%d{ABSOLUTE_NANOS}</td>
+                      <td>14:34:02,123456789</td>
+                    </tr>
+                    <tr>
                       <td>%d{DATE}</td>
                       <td>02 Nov 2012 14:34:02,781</td>
                     </tr>
@@ -760,11 +780,19 @@ WARN  [main]: Message 2</pre>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                       <td>%d{HH:mm:ss,SSS}</td>
-                      <td>14:34:02,781</td>
+                      <td>14:34:02,123</td>
+                    </tr>
+                    <tr>
+                      <td>%d{HH:mm:ss,nnnn} to %d{HH:mm:ss,nnnnnnnnn}</td>
+                      <td>14:34:02,1234 to 14:34:02,123456789</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                       <td>%d{dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss,SSS}</td>
-                      <td>02 Nov 2012 14:34:02,781</td>
+                      <td>02 Nov 2012 14:34:02,123</td>
+                    </tr>
+                    <tr>
+                      <td>%d{dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss,nnnn} to %d{dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss,nnnnnnnnn}</td>
+                      <td>02 Nov 2012 14:34:02,1234 to 02 Nov 2012 14:34:02,123456789</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                       <td>%d{HH:mm:ss}{GMT+0}</td>
@@ -789,6 +817,18 @@ WARN  [main]: Message 2</pre>
                   This is an efficient way to output the event time because only a conversion from long to String
                   takes place, there is no Date formatting involved.
                 </p>
+                <p>
+                  Log4j 2.11 adds limited support for timestamps more precise than milliseconds when running on Java 9.
+                  Note that not all
+                  <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/time/format/DateTimeFormatter.html">DateTimeFormatter</a>
+                   formats are supported.
+                  Only timestamps in the formats mentioned in the table above may use the "nano-of-second"
+                  pattern letter <code>n</code> instead of the "fraction-of-second" pattern letter <code>S</code>.
+                </p>
+                <p>
+                  Users may revert back to a millisecond-precision clock when running on Java 9 by setting system property
+                  <code>log4j2.Clock</code> to <code>org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.SystemMillisClock</code>.
+                </p>
               </td>
             </tr>
             <tr>
@@ -2165,6 +2205,7 @@ at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.ExtendedThrowableTest.testException(Ext
        loggerFqcn="org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger"
        threadId="1"
        threadPriority="5"&gt;
+  <Instant epochSecond="1493121664" nanoOfSecond="118000000"/>
   &lt;Marker name="child"&gt;
     &lt;Parents&gt;
       &lt;Marker name="parent"&gt;
@@ -2297,6 +2338,9 @@ at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.ExtendedThrowableTest.testException(Ext
           </p>
           <pre class="prettyprint linenums">---
 timeMillis: 1493122307075
+instant:
+ epochSecond: 1493121664
+ nanoOfSecond: 118000000
 thread: "main"
 level: "INFO"
 loggerName: "HelloWorld"


[2/3] logging-log4j2 git commit: LOG4J2-1883 replace timeMillis with Instant/MutableInstant in LogEvent; support formatting date times in higher precision than milliseconds; add Java 9 precise time source; update docs

Posted by rp...@apache.org.
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/ClockFactory.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/ClockFactory.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/ClockFactory.java
index 129f281..bd5e840 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/ClockFactory.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/ClockFactory.java
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
 
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.status.StatusLogger;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.PropertiesUtil;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.Supplier;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
  * Factory for {@code Clock} objects.
@@ -62,21 +66,24 @@ public final class ClockFactory {
         return createClock();
     }
 
+    private static Map<String, Supplier<Clock>> aliases() {
+        Map<String, Supplier<Clock>> result = new HashMap<>();
+        result.put("SystemClock",       new Supplier<Clock>() { @Override public Clock get() { return new SystemClock(); } });
+        result.put("CachedClock",       new Supplier<Clock>() { @Override public Clock get() { return CachedClock.instance(); } });
+        result.put("CoarseCachedClock", new Supplier<Clock>() { @Override public Clock get() { return CoarseCachedClock.instance(); } });
+        return result;
+    }
+
     private static Clock createClock() {
         final String userRequest = PropertiesUtil.getProperties().getStringProperty(PROPERTY_NAME);
-        if (userRequest == null || "SystemClock".equals(userRequest)) {
+        if (userRequest == null) {
             LOGGER.trace("Using default SystemClock for timestamps.");
             return new SystemClock();
         }
-        if (CachedClock.class.getName().equals(userRequest)
-                || "CachedClock".equals(userRequest)) {
-            LOGGER.trace("Using specified CachedClock for timestamps.");
-            return CachedClock.instance();
-        }
-        if (CoarseCachedClock.class.getName().equals(userRequest)
-                || "CoarseCachedClock".equals(userRequest)) {
-            LOGGER.trace("Using specified CoarseCachedClock for timestamps.");
-            return CoarseCachedClock.instance();
+        Supplier<Clock> specified = aliases().get(userRequest);
+        if (specified != null) {
+            LOGGER.trace("Using specified {} for timestamps.", userRequest);
+            return specified.get();
         }
         try {
             final Clock result = Loader.newCheckedInstanceOf(userRequest, Clock.class);

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/DummyPreciseClock.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/DummyPreciseClock.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/DummyPreciseClock.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c88640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/DummyPreciseClock.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of the {@code PreciseClock} interface that always returns a fixed value.
+ * @since 2.11
+ */
+public class DummyPreciseClock implements PreciseClock {
+    private final long currentTimeMillis;
+    private final int nanosOfMillisecond;
+
+    public DummyPreciseClock() {
+        this(0);
+    }
+
+    public DummyPreciseClock(final long currentTimeMillis) {
+        this(currentTimeMillis, 0);
+    }
+
+    public DummyPreciseClock(final long currentTimeMillis, final int nanosOfMillisecond) {
+        this.currentTimeMillis = currentTimeMillis;
+        this.nanosOfMillisecond = nanosOfMillisecond;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void init(final MutableInstant instant) {
+        instant.initFromEpochMilli(currentTimeMillis, nanosOfMillisecond);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long currentTimeMillis() {
+        return currentTimeMillis;
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Instant.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Instant.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Instant.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a798021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Instant.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
+
+/**
+ * Models a point in time, suitable for event timestamps.
+ * <p>
+ * Provides methods for obtaining high precision time information similar to the
+ * <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/time/Instant.html">Instant</a> class introduced in Java 8,
+ * while also supporting the legacy millisecond precision API.
+ * </p><p>
+ * Depending on the platform, time sources ({@link Clock} implementations) may produce high precision or millisecond
+ * precision time values. At the same time, some time value consumers (for example timestamp formatters) may only be
+ * able to consume time values of millisecond precision, while some others may require a high precision time value.
+ * </p><p>
+ * This class bridges these two time APIs.
+ * </p>
+ * @since 2.11
+ */
+public interface Instant {
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of seconds from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+     * <p>
+     * The epoch second count is a simple incrementing count of seconds where second 0 is 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+     * The nanosecond part of the day is returned by {@link #getNanoOfSecond()}.
+     * </p>
+     * @return the seconds from the epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
+     */
+    long getEpochSecond();
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the second.
+     * <p>
+     * The nanosecond-of-second value measures the total number of nanoseconds from the second returned by {@link #getEpochSecond()}.
+     * </p>
+     * @return the nanoseconds within the second, always positive, never exceeds {@code 999,999,999}
+     */
+    int getNanoOfSecond();
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of milliseconds from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+     * <p>
+     * The epoch millisecond count is a simple incrementing count of milliseconds where millisecond 0 is 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+     * The nanosecond part of the day is returned by {@link #getNanoOfMillisecond()}.
+     * </p>
+     * @return the milliseconds from the epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
+     */
+    long getEpochMillisecond();
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the millisecond.
+     * <p>
+     * The nanosecond-of-millisecond value measures the total number of nanoseconds from the millisecond returned by {@link #getEpochMillisecond()}.
+     * </p>
+     * @return the nanoseconds within the millisecond, always positive, never exceeds {@code 999,999}
+     */
+    int getNanoOfMillisecond();
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstant.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstant.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstant.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c64525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstant.java
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.PerformanceSensitive;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+/**
+ * An instantaneous point on the time line, used for high-precision log event timestamps.
+ * Modelled on <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/index.html?java/time/class-use/Instant.html">java.time.Instant</a>,
+ * except that this version is mutable to prevent allocating temporary objects that need to be garbage-collected later.
+ * <p>
+ * Instances of this class are <em>not</em> thread-safe and should not be shared between threads.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @since 2.11
+ */
+@PerformanceSensitive("allocation")
+public class MutableInstant implements Instant, Serializable {
+
+    private static final int MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1000;
+    private static final int NANOS_PER_MILLI = 1000_000;
+    private static final int NANOS_PER_SECOND = MILLIS_PER_SECOND * NANOS_PER_MILLI;
+
+    private long epochSecond;
+    private int nanoOfSecond;
+
+    @Override
+    public long getEpochSecond() {
+        return epochSecond;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNanoOfSecond() {
+        return nanoOfSecond;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getEpochMillisecond() {
+        final int millis = nanoOfSecond / NANOS_PER_MILLI;
+        long epochMillisecond = epochSecond * MILLIS_PER_SECOND + millis;
+        return epochMillisecond;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNanoOfMillisecond() {
+        final int millis = nanoOfSecond / NANOS_PER_MILLI;
+        int nanoOfMillisecond = nanoOfSecond - (millis * NANOS_PER_MILLI); // cheaper than nanoOfSecond % NANOS_PER_MILLI
+        return nanoOfMillisecond;
+    }
+
+    public void initFrom(final Instant other) {
+        this.epochSecond = other.getEpochSecond();
+        this.nanoOfSecond = other.getNanoOfSecond();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the fields of this {@code MutableInstant} from the specified epoch millis.
+     * @param epochMilli the number of milliseconds from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
+     * @param nanoOfMillisecond the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the millisecond
+     */
+    public void initFromEpochMilli(final long epochMilli, final int nanoOfMillisecond) {
+        validateNanoOfMillisecond(nanoOfMillisecond);
+        this.epochSecond = epochMilli / MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
+        this.nanoOfSecond = (int) (epochMilli - (epochSecond * MILLIS_PER_SECOND)) * NANOS_PER_MILLI + nanoOfMillisecond;
+    }
+
+    private void validateNanoOfMillisecond(final int nanoOfMillisecond) {
+        if (nanoOfMillisecond < 0 || nanoOfMillisecond >= NANOS_PER_MILLI) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid nanoOfMillisecond " + nanoOfMillisecond);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void initFrom(final Clock clock) {
+        if (clock instanceof PreciseClock) {
+            ((PreciseClock) clock).init(this);
+        } else {
+            initFromEpochMilli(clock.currentTimeMillis(), 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the fields of this {@code MutableInstant} from the specified instant components.
+     * @param epochSecond the number of seconds from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
+     * @param nano the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the second
+     */
+    public void initFromEpochSecond(final long epochSecond, final int nano) {
+        validateNanoOfSecond(nano);
+        this.epochSecond = epochSecond;
+        this.nanoOfSecond = nano;
+    }
+
+    private void validateNanoOfSecond(final int nano) {
+        if (nano < 0 || nano >= NANOS_PER_SECOND) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid nanoOfSecond " + nano);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the elements of the specified {@code long[]} result array from the specified instant components.
+     * @param epochSecond (input) the number of seconds from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
+     * @param nano (input) the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the second
+     * @param result (output) a two-element array to store the result: the first element is the number of milliseconds
+     *               from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z,
+     *               the second element is the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the millisecond
+     */
+    public static void instantToMillisAndNanos(final long epochSecond, final int nano, final long[] result) {
+        int millis = nano / NANOS_PER_MILLI;
+        result[0] = epochSecond * MILLIS_PER_SECOND + millis;
+        result[1] = nano - (millis * NANOS_PER_MILLI); // cheaper than nanoOfSecond % NANOS_PER_MILLI
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(final Object object) {
+        if (object == this) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!(object instanceof MutableInstant)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        MutableInstant other = (MutableInstant) object;
+        return epochSecond == other.epochSecond && nanoOfSecond == other.nanoOfSecond;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = 17;
+        result = 31 * result + (int) (epochSecond ^ (epochSecond >>> 32));
+        result = 31 * result + nanoOfSecond;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "MutableInstant[epochSecond=" + epochSecond + ", nano=" + nanoOfSecond + "]";
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/PreciseClock.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/PreciseClock.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/PreciseClock.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..366c1c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/PreciseClock.java
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
+
+/**
+ * Extension of the {@link Clock} interface that is able to provide more accurate time information than milliseconds
+ * since the epoch. {@code PreciseClock} implementations are free to return millisecond-precision time
+ * if that is the most accurate time information available on this platform.
+ * @since 2.11
+ */
+public interface PreciseClock extends Clock {
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the specified instant with time information as accurate as available on this platform.
+     * @param mutableInstant the container to be initialized with the accurate time information
+     * @since 2.11
+     */
+    void init(final MutableInstant mutableInstant);
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormat.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormat.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormat.java
index 671725d..b9b6af3 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormat.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormat.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 
 package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.datetime;
 
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
+
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Calendar;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  * /log4j-perf/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/perf/jmh/ThreadsafeDateFormatBenchmark.java
  */
 public class FixedDateFormat {
+
     /**
      * Enumeration over the supported date/time format patterns.
      * <p>
@@ -41,6 +44,14 @@ public class FixedDateFormat {
          * ABSOLUTE time format: {@code "HH:mm:ss,SSS"}.
          */
         ABSOLUTE("HH:mm:ss,SSS", null, 0, ':', 1, ',', 1),
+        /**
+         * ABSOLUTE time format with microsecond precision: {@code "HH:mm:ss,nnnnnn"}.
+         */
+        ABSOLUTE_MICROS("HH:mm:ss,nnnnnn", null, 0, ':', 1, ',', 1),
+        /**
+         * ABSOLUTE time format with nanosecond precision: {@code "HH:mm:ss,nnnnnnnnn"}.
+         */
+        ABSOLUTE_NANOS("HH:mm:ss,nnnnnnnnn", null, 0, ':', 1, ',', 1),
 
         /**
          * ABSOLUTE time format variation with period separator: {@code "HH:mm:ss.SSS"}.
@@ -66,6 +77,14 @@ public class FixedDateFormat {
          * DEFAULT time format: {@code "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS"}.
          */
         DEFAULT("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS", "yyyy-MM-dd ", 0, ':', 1, ',', 1),
+        /**
+         * DEFAULT time format with microsecond precision: {@code "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,nnnnnn"}.
+         */
+        DEFAULT_MICROS("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,nnnnnn", "yyyy-MM-dd ", 0, ':', 1, ',', 1),
+        /**
+         * DEFAULT time format with nanosecond precision: {@code "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,nnnnnnnnn"}.
+         */
+        DEFAULT_NANOS("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,nnnnnnnnn", "yyyy-MM-dd ", 0, ':', 1, ',', 1),
 
         /**
          * DEFAULT time format variation with period separator: {@code "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS"}.
@@ -92,6 +111,10 @@ public class FixedDateFormat {
          */
         ISO8601_PERIOD("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS", "yyyy-MM-dd'T'", 2, ':', 1, '.', 1);
 
+        private static final String DEFAULT_SECOND_FRACTION_PATTERN = "SSS";
+        private static final int MILLI_FRACTION_DIGITS = DEFAULT_SECOND_FRACTION_PATTERN.length();
+        private static final char SECOND_FRACTION_PATTERN = 'n';
+
         private final String pattern;
         private final String datePattern;
         private final int escapeCount;
@@ -144,6 +167,31 @@ public class FixedDateFormat {
             return null;
         }
 
+        static FixedFormat lookupIgnoringNanos(final String pattern) {
+            final int nanoStart = nanoStart(pattern);
+            if (nanoStart > 0) {
+                final String subPattern = pattern.substring(0, nanoStart) + DEFAULT_SECOND_FRACTION_PATTERN;
+                for (final FixedFormat type : FixedFormat.values()) {
+                    if (type.getPattern().equals(subPattern)) {
+                        return type;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private static int nanoStart(final String pattern) {
+            final int index = pattern.indexOf(SECOND_FRACTION_PATTERN);
+            if (index >= 0) {
+                for (int i = index + 1; i < pattern.length(); i++) {
+                    if (pattern.charAt(i) != SECOND_FRACTION_PATTERN) {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return index;
+        }
+
         /**
          * Returns the length of the resulting formatted date and time strings.
          *
@@ -187,6 +235,7 @@ public class FixedDateFormat {
     private final FixedFormat fixedFormat;
     private final TimeZone timeZone;
     private final int length;
+    private final int secondFractionDigits;
     private final FastDateFormat fastDateFormat; // may be null
     private final char timeSeparatorChar;
     private final char millisSeparatorChar;
@@ -212,8 +261,22 @@ public class FixedDateFormat {
      * Package protected for unit tests.
      *
      * @param fixedFormat the fixed format
+     * @param tz time zone
      */
     FixedDateFormat(final FixedFormat fixedFormat, final TimeZone tz) {
+        this(fixedFormat, tz, FixedFormat.DEFAULT_SECOND_FRACTION_PATTERN.length());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a FixedDateFormat for the specified fixed format.
+     * <p>
+     * Package protected for unit tests.
+     *
+     * @param fixedFormat the fixed format
+     * @param tz time zone
+     * @param secondFractionDigits the number of digits specifying the fraction of the second to show
+     */
+    FixedDateFormat(final FixedFormat fixedFormat, final TimeZone tz, final int secondFractionDigits) {
         this.fixedFormat = Objects.requireNonNull(fixedFormat);
         this.timeZone = Objects.requireNonNull(tz);
         this.timeSeparatorChar = fixedFormat.timeSeparatorChar;
@@ -221,6 +284,7 @@ public class FixedDateFormat {
         this.millisSeparatorChar = fixedFormat.millisSeparatorChar;
         this.millisSeparatorLength = fixedFormat.millisSeparatorLength;
         this.length = fixedFormat.getLength();
+        this.secondFractionDigits = Math.max(1, Math.min(9, secondFractionDigits));
         this.fastDateFormat = fixedFormat.getFastDateFormat(tz);
     }
 
@@ -230,17 +294,20 @@ public class FixedDateFormat {
         }
         final TimeZone tz;
         if (options.length > 1) {
-            if (options[1] != null){
+            if (options[1] != null) {
                 tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone(options[1]);
             } else {
                 tz = TimeZone.getDefault();
             }
-        } else if (options.length > 2) {
-            return null;
         } else {
             tz = TimeZone.getDefault();
         }
 
+        final FixedFormat withNanos = FixedFormat.lookupIgnoringNanos(options[0]);
+        if (withNanos != null) {
+            final int secondFractionDigits = options[0].length() - FixedFormat.nanoStart(options[0]);
+            return new FixedDateFormat(withNanos, tz, secondFractionDigits);
+        }
         final FixedFormat type = FixedFormat.lookup(options[0]);
         return type == null ? null : new FixedDateFormat(type, tz);
     }
@@ -351,23 +418,44 @@ public class FixedDateFormat {
         }
     }
 
+    public String formatInstant(final Instant instant) {
+        final char[] result = new char[length << 1]; // double size for locales with lengthy DateFormatSymbols
+        final int written = formatInstant(instant, result, 0);
+        return new String(result, 0, written);
+    }
+
+    public int formatInstant(final Instant instant, final char[] buffer, final int startPos) {
+        int result = format(instant.getEpochMillisecond(), buffer, startPos);
+        result -= digitsLessThanThree();
+        formatNanoOfMillisecond(instant.getNanoOfMillisecond(), buffer, startPos + result);
+        return result + digitsMorePreciseThanMillis();
+    }
+
+    private int digitsLessThanThree() { // in case user specified only 1 or 2 'n' format characters
+        return Math.max(0, FixedFormat.MILLI_FRACTION_DIGITS - secondFractionDigits);
+    }
+
+    private int digitsMorePreciseThanMillis() {
+        return Math.max(0, secondFractionDigits - FixedFormat.MILLI_FRACTION_DIGITS);
+    }
+
     // Profiling showed this method is important to log4j performance. Modify with care!
     // 28 bytes (allows immediate JVM inlining: <= -XX:MaxInlineSize=35 bytes)
-    public String format(final long time) {
+    public String format(final long epochMillis) {
         final char[] result = new char[length << 1]; // double size for locales with lengthy DateFormatSymbols
-        final int written = format(time, result, 0);
+        final int written = format(epochMillis, result, 0);
         return new String(result, 0, written);
     }
 
     // Profiling showed this method is important to log4j performance. Modify with care!
     // 31 bytes (allows immediate JVM inlining: <= -XX:MaxInlineSize=35 bytes)
-    public int format(final long time, final char[] buffer, final int startPos) {
+    public int format(final long epochMillis, final char[] buffer, final int startPos) {
         // Calculate values by getting the ms values first and do then
         // calculate the hour minute and second values divisions.
 
         // Get daytime in ms: this does fit into an int
         // int ms = (int) (time % 86400000);
-        final int ms = (int) (millisSinceMidnight(time));
+        final int ms = (int) (millisSinceMidnight(epochMillis));
         writeDate(buffer, startPos);
         return writeTime(ms, buffer, startPos + dateLength) - startPos;
     }
@@ -431,6 +519,26 @@ public class FixedDateFormat {
         return pos;
     }
 
+    static int[] TABLE = {
+            100000, // 0
+            10000, // 1
+            1000, // 2
+            100, // 3
+            10, // 4
+            1, // 5
+    };
+
+    private void formatNanoOfMillisecond(int nanoOfMillisecond, final char[] buffer, int pos) {
+        int temp;
+        int remain = nanoOfMillisecond;
+        for (int i = 0; i < secondFractionDigits - FixedFormat.MILLI_FRACTION_DIGITS; i++) {
+            int divisor = TABLE[i];
+            temp = remain / divisor;
+            buffer[pos++] = ((char) (temp + '0'));
+            remain -= divisor * temp; // equivalent of remain % 10
+        }
+    }
+
     private int daylightSavingTime(final int hourOfDay) {
         return hourOfDay > 23 ? dstOffsets[23] : dstOffsets[hourOfDay];
     }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/JsonCompleteFileAppenderTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/JsonCompleteFileAppenderTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/JsonCompleteFileAppenderTest.java
index e6dbdb6..323ca13 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/JsonCompleteFileAppenderTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/JsonCompleteFileAppenderTest.java
@@ -19,13 +19,21 @@ package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender;
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.List;
 
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.categories.Layouts;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.filter.TimeFilterTest;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jLogEventTest;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.ContextSelector;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.CoreContextSelectors;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.ClockFactory;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.junit.CleanFiles;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.junit.LoggerContextRule;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.experimental.categories.Category;
@@ -49,6 +57,16 @@ public class JsonCompleteFileAppenderTest {
         this.ruleChain = RuleChain.outerRule(cleanFiles).around(loggerContextRule);
     }
 
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void beforeClass() {
+        System.setProperty(ClockFactory.PROPERTY_NAME, Log4jLogEventTest.FixedTimeClock.class.getName());
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void afterClass() {
+        System.clearProperty(ClockFactory.PROPERTY_NAME);
+    }
+
     @Parameters(name = "{0}")
     public static Class<?>[] getParameters() {
         return CoreContextSelectors.CLASSES;
@@ -68,45 +86,28 @@ public class JsonCompleteFileAppenderTest {
         logger.info(logMsg);
         logger.error(logMsg, new IllegalArgumentException("badarg"));
         this.loggerContextRule.getLoggerContext().stop(); // stops async thread
-        String line1;
-        String line2;
-        String line3;
-        String line4;
-        String line5;
-        String line6;
-        try (final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(this.logFile))) {
-            line1 = reader.readLine();
-            line2 = reader.readLine();
-            line3 = reader.readLine();
-            line4 = reader.readLine();
-            line5 = reader.readLine();
-            line6 = reader.readLine();
-        }
-        assertNotNull("line1", line1);
-        final String msg1 = "[";
-        assertTrue("line1 incorrect: [" + line1 + "], does not contain: [" + msg1 + ']', line1.equals(msg1));
 
-        assertNotNull("line2", line2);
-        final String msg2 = "{";
-        assertTrue("line2 incorrect: [" + line2 + "], does not contain: [" + msg2 + ']', line2.equals(msg2));
-
-        assertNotNull("line3", line3);
-        final String msg3 = "  \"timeMillis\" : ";
-        assertTrue("line3 incorrect: [" + line3 + "], does not contain: [" + msg3 + ']', line3.contains(msg3));
-
-        assertNotNull("line4", line4);
-        final String msg4 = "  \"thread\" : \"main\",";
-        assertTrue("line4 incorrect: [" + line4 + "], does not contain: [" + msg4 + ']', line4.contains(msg4));
-
-        assertNotNull("line5", line5);
-        final String msg5 = "  \"level\" : \"INFO\",";
-        assertTrue("line5 incorrect: [" + line5 + "], does not contain: [" + msg5 + ']', line5.contains(msg5));
-
-        assertNotNull("line6", line6);
-        final String msg6 = "  \"loggerName\" : \"com.foo.Bar\",";
-        assertTrue("line5 incorrect: [" + line6 + "], does not contain: [" + msg6 + ']', line6.contains(msg6));
+        List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(logFile.toPath(), Charset.forName("UTF8"));
 
+        String[] expected = {
+                "[", // equals
+                "{", // equals
+                "  \"thread\" : \"main\",", //
+                "  \"level\" : \"INFO\",", //
+                "  \"loggerName\" : \"com.foo.Bar\",", //
+                "  \"message\" : \"Message flushed with immediate flush=true\",", //
+                "  \"endOfBatch\" : false,", //
+                "  \"loggerFqcn\" : \"org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger\",", //
+                "  \"instant\" : {", //
+                "    \"epochSecond\" : 1234567,", //
+                "    \"nanoOfSecond\" : 890000000", //
+                "  },", //
+        };
+        for (int i = 0; i < expected.length; i++) {
+            String line = lines.get(i);
+            assertTrue("line " + i + " incorrect: [" + line + "], does not contain: [" + expected[i] + ']', line.contains(expected[i]));
+        }
         final String location = "testFlushAtEndOfBatch";
-        assertTrue("no location", !line1.contains(location));
+        assertTrue("no location", !lines.get(0).contains(location));
     }
 }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/XmlCompleteFileAppenderTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/XmlCompleteFileAppenderTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/XmlCompleteFileAppenderTest.java
index 35e01a1..c77b464 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/XmlCompleteFileAppenderTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/XmlCompleteFileAppenderTest.java
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
  */
 package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.List;
 
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.categories.Layouts;
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
 import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
 /**
  * Tests a "complete" XML file a.k.a. a well-formed XML file.
  */
@@ -75,12 +77,14 @@ public class XmlCompleteFileAppenderTest {
         String line2;
         String line3;
         String line4;
+        String line5;
         try (final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(logFile))) {
             line1 = reader.readLine();
             line2 = reader.readLine();
             reader.readLine(); // ignore the empty line after the <Events> root
             line3 = reader.readLine();
             line4 = reader.readLine();
+            line5 = reader.readLine();
         } finally {
             logFile.delete();
         }
@@ -97,9 +101,13 @@ public class XmlCompleteFileAppenderTest {
         assertTrue("line3 incorrect: [" + line3 + "], does not contain: [" + msg3 + ']', line3.contains(msg3));
 
         assertNotNull("line4", line4);
-        final String msg4 = logMsg;
+        final String msg4 = "<Instant epochSecond=";
         assertTrue("line4 incorrect: [" + line4 + "], does not contain: [" + msg4 + ']', line4.contains(msg4));
 
+        assertNotNull("line5", line5);
+        final String msg5 = logMsg;
+        assertTrue("line5 incorrect: [" + line5 + "], does not contain: [" + msg5 + ']', line5.contains(msg5));
+
         final String location = "testFlushAtEndOfBatch";
         assertTrue("no location", !line1.contains(location));
     }
@@ -108,17 +116,19 @@ public class XmlCompleteFileAppenderTest {
      * Test the indentation of the Events XML.
      * <p>Expected Events XML is as below.</p>
      * <pre>
-&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
-&lt;Events xmlns=&quot;http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.0/events&quot;&gt;
-
-  &lt;Event xmlns=&quot;http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.0/events&quot; timeMillis=&quot;1460974522088&quot; thread=&quot;main&quot; level=&quot;INFO&quot; loggerName=&quot;com.foo.Bar&quot; endOfBatch=&quot;false&quot; loggerFqcn=&quot;org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger&quot; threadId=&quot;11&quot; threadPriority=&quot;5&quot;&gt;
-    &lt;Message&gt;First Msg tag must be in level 2 after correct indentation&lt;/Message&gt;
-  &lt;/Event&gt;
-
-  &lt;Event xmlns=&quot;http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.0/events&quot; timeMillis=&quot;1460974522089&quot; thread=&quot;main&quot; level=&quot;INFO&quot; loggerName=&quot;com.foo.Bar&quot; endOfBatch=&quot;true&quot; loggerFqcn=&quot;org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger&quot; threadId=&quot;11&quot; threadPriority=&quot;5&quot;&gt;
-    &lt;Message&gt;Second Msg tag must also be in level 2 after correct indentation&lt;/Message&gt;
-  &lt;/Event&gt;
-&lt;/Events&gt;
+&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+&lt;Events xmlns="http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.0/events">
+
+  &lt;Event xmlns="http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.0/events" thread="main" level="INFO" loggerName="com.foo.Bar" endOfBatch="true" loggerFqcn="org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger" threadId="12" threadPriority="5">
+    &lt;Instant epochSecond="1515889414" nanoOfSecond="144000000" epochMillisecond="1515889414144" nanoOfMillisecond="0"/>
+    &lt;Message>First Msg tag must be in level 2 after correct indentation&lt;/Message>
+  &lt;/Event>
+
+  &lt;Event xmlns="http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.0/events" thread="main" level="INFO" loggerName="com.foo.Bar" endOfBatch="true" loggerFqcn="org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger" threadId="12" threadPriority="5">
+    &lt;Instant epochSecond="1515889414" nanoOfSecond="144000000" epochMillisecond="1515889414144" nanoOfMillisecond="0"/>
+    &lt;Message>Second Msg tag must also be in level 2 after correct indentation&lt;/Message>
+  &lt;/Event>
+&lt;/Events>
      * </pre>
      * @throws Exception
      */
@@ -131,55 +141,32 @@ public class XmlCompleteFileAppenderTest {
         logger.info(secondLogMsg);
         CoreLoggerContexts.stopLoggerContext(false, logFile); // stop async thread
 
-        final String[] lines = new String[9];
-
-        try (final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(logFile))) {
-
-            int usefulLinesIndex = 0;
-            String readLine;
-            while((readLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
-
-                if (!"".equals(readLine.trim())) {
-                    lines[usefulLinesIndex] = readLine;
-                    usefulLinesIndex++;
-                }
+        int[] indentations = {
+                0, //"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"
+                0, //"<Events xmlns=\"http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.0/events\">\n"
+                -1, // empty
+                2, //"  <Event xmlns=\"http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.0/events\" thread=\"main\" level=\"INFO\" loggerName=\"com.foo.Bar\" endOfBatch=\"true\" loggerFqcn=\"org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger\" threadId=\"12\" threadPriority=\"5\">\n"
+                4, //"    <Instant epochSecond=\"1515889414\" nanoOfSecond=\"144000000\" epochMillisecond=\"1515889414144\" nanoOfMillisecond=\"0\"/>\n"
+                4, //"    <Message>First Msg tag must be in level 2 after correct indentation</Message>\n" +
+                2, //"  </Event>\n"
+                -1, // empty
+                2, //"  <Event xmlns=\"http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.0/events\" thread=\"main\" level=\"INFO\" loggerName=\"com.foo.Bar\" endOfBatch=\"true\" loggerFqcn=\"org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger\" threadId=\"12\" threadPriority=\"5\">\n" +
+                4, //"    <Instant epochSecond=\"1515889414\" nanoOfSecond=\"144000000\" epochMillisecond=\"1515889414144\" nanoOfMillisecond=\"0\"/>\n" +
+                4, //"    <Message>Second Msg tag must also be in level 2 after correct indentation</Message>\n" +
+                2, //"  </Event>\n" +
+                0, //"</Events>\n";
+        };
+        List<String> lines1 = Files.readAllLines(logFile.toPath(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
+
+        assertEquals("number of lines", indentations.length, lines1.size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < indentations.length; i++) {
+            String line = lines1.get(i);
+            if (line.trim().isEmpty()) {
+                assertEquals(-1, indentations[i]);
+            } else {
+                String padding = "        ".substring(0, indentations[i]);
+                assertTrue("Expected " + indentations[i] + " leading spaces but got: " + line, line.startsWith(padding));
             }
-        } finally {
-            logFile.delete();
         }
-
-        String currentLine = lines[0];
-        assertFalse("line1 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must have no indentation", currentLine.startsWith(" "));
-        // <EVENTS
-        currentLine = lines[1];
-        assertFalse("line2 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must have no indentation", currentLine.startsWith(" "));
-        // <EVENT
-        currentLine = lines[2];
-        assertTrue("line3 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must have two-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("  "));
-        assertFalse("line3 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must not have more than two-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("   "));
-        // <MSG
-        currentLine = lines[3];
-        assertTrue("line4 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must have four-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("    "));
-        assertFalse("line4 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must not have more than four-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("     "));
-        // </EVENT
-        currentLine = lines[4];
-        assertTrue("line5 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must have two-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("  "));
-        assertFalse("line5 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must not have more than two-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("   "));
-
-        // <EVENT
-        currentLine = lines[5];
-        assertTrue("line6 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must have two-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("  "));
-        assertFalse("line6 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must not have more than two-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("   "));
-        // <MSG
-        currentLine = lines[6];
-        assertTrue("line7 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must have four-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("    "));
-        assertFalse("line7 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must not have more than four-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("     "));
-        // </EVENT
-        currentLine = lines[7];
-        assertTrue("line8 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must have two-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("  "));
-        assertFalse("line8 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must not have more than two-space indentation", currentLine.startsWith("   "));
-        // </EVENTS
-        currentLine = lines[8];
-        assertFalse("line9 incorrect: [" + currentLine + "], must have no indentation", currentLine.startsWith(" "));
     }
 }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/XmlFileAppenderTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/XmlFileAppenderTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/XmlFileAppenderTest.java
index 98a9fab..f9cdff3 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/XmlFileAppenderTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/XmlFileAppenderTest.java
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender;
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.List;
 
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
@@ -53,32 +56,23 @@ public class XmlFileAppenderTest {
         log.info(logMsg);
         CoreLoggerContexts.stopLoggerContext(false, file); // stop async thread
 
-        String line1;
-        String line2;
-        String line3;
-        try (final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file))) {
-            reader.readLine(); // first line is empty, so ignore it
-            line1 = reader.readLine();
-            line2 = reader.readLine();
-            line3 = reader.readLine();
-        } finally {
-            file.delete();
-        }
-        assertNotNull("line1", line1);
-
-        assertNotNull("line1", line1);
-        final String msg1 = "<Event ";
-        assertTrue("line1 incorrect: [" + line1 + "], does not contain: [" + msg1 + ']', line1.contains(msg1));
+        List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(file.toPath(), Charset.forName("UTF8"));
+        file.delete();
 
-        assertNotNull("line2", line2);
-        final String msg2 = logMsg;
-        assertTrue("line2 incorrect: [" + line2 + "], does not contain: [" + msg2 + ']', line2.contains(msg2));
+        String[] expect = {
+                "", // ? unsure why initial empty line...
+            "<Event ", //
+            "<Instant epochSecond=", //
+            logMsg, //
+            "</Event>", //
+        };
 
-        assertNotNull("line3", line3);
-        final String msg3 = "</Event>";
-        assertTrue("line3 incorrect: [" + line3 + "], does not contain: [" + msg3 + ']', line3.contains(msg3));
+        for (int i = 0; i < expect.length; i++) {
+            assertTrue("Expected line " + i + " to contain " + expect[i] + " but got: " + lines.get(i),
+                    lines.get(i).contains(expect[i]));
+        }
 
         final String location = "testFlushAtEndOfBatch";
-        assertTrue("no location", !line1.contains(location));
+        assertTrue("no location", !lines.get(0).contains(location));
     }
 }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/JpaH2AppenderTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/JpaH2AppenderTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/JpaH2AppenderTest.java
index 055dd03..9b299b9 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/JpaH2AppenderTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/JpaH2AppenderTest.java
@@ -40,15 +40,16 @@ public class JpaH2AppenderTest extends AbstractJpaAppenderTest {
 
         try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
             statement.executeUpdate("CREATE TABLE jpaBaseLogEntry ( "
-                    + "id INTEGER IDENTITY, eventDate DATETIME, level NVARCHAR(10), logger NVARCHAR(255), "
-                    + "message NVARCHAR(1024), exception NVARCHAR(1048576)" + " )");
+                    + "id INTEGER IDENTITY, eventDate DATETIME, instant NVARCHAR(64), level NVARCHAR(10), "
+                    + "logger NVARCHAR(255), message NVARCHAR(1024), exception NVARCHAR(1048576)" + " )");
         }
 
         try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
             statement.executeUpdate("CREATE TABLE jpaBasicLogEntry ( "
-                    + "id INTEGER IDENTITY, timemillis BIGINT, nanoTime BIGINT, level NVARCHAR(10), loggerName NVARCHAR(255), "
-                    + "message NVARCHAR(1024), thrown NVARCHAR(1048576), contextMapJson NVARCHAR(1048576),"
-                    + "loggerFQCN NVARCHAR(1024), contextStack NVARCHAR(1048576), marker NVARCHAR(255), source NVARCHAR(2048),"
+                    + "id INTEGER IDENTITY, timemillis BIGINT, instant NVARCHAR(64), nanoTime BIGINT, "
+                    + "level NVARCHAR(10), loggerName NVARCHAR(255), message NVARCHAR(1024), "
+                    + "thrown NVARCHAR(1048576), contextMapJson NVARCHAR(1048576), loggerFQCN NVARCHAR(1024), "
+                    + "contextStack NVARCHAR(1048576), marker NVARCHAR(255), source NVARCHAR(2048),"
                     + "threadId BIGINT, threadName NVARCHAR(255), threadPriority INTEGER" + " )");
         }
 

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/JpaHsqldbAppenderTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/JpaHsqldbAppenderTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/JpaHsqldbAppenderTest.java
index 3e22d96..b91734d 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/JpaHsqldbAppenderTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/JpaHsqldbAppenderTest.java
@@ -44,15 +44,16 @@ public class JpaHsqldbAppenderTest extends AbstractJpaAppenderTest {
 
         try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
             statement.executeUpdate("CREATE TABLE jpaBaseLogEntry ( "
-                    + "id INTEGER IDENTITY, eventDate DATETIME, level VARCHAR(10), logger VARCHAR(255), "
-                    + "message VARCHAR(1024), exception VARCHAR(1048576)" + " )");
+                    + "id INTEGER IDENTITY, eventDate DATETIME, instant NVARCHAR(64), level VARCHAR(10), "
+                    + "logger VARCHAR(255), message VARCHAR(1024), exception VARCHAR(1048576)" + " )");
         }
 
         try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
             statement.executeUpdate("CREATE TABLE jpaBasicLogEntry ( "
-                    + "id INTEGER IDENTITY, timemillis BIGINT, nanoTime BIGINT, level VARCHAR(10), loggerName VARCHAR(255), "
-                    + "message VARCHAR(1024), thrown VARCHAR(1048576), contextMapJson VARCHAR(1048576),"
-                    + "loggerFQCN VARCHAR(1024), contextStack VARCHAR(1048576), marker VARCHAR(255), source VARCHAR(2048),"
+                    + "id INTEGER IDENTITY, timemillis BIGINT, instant NVARCHAR(64), nanoTime BIGINT, "
+                    + "level VARCHAR(10), loggerName VARCHAR(255), message VARCHAR(1024), thrown VARCHAR(1048576), "
+                    + "contextMapJson VARCHAR(1048576), loggerFQCN VARCHAR(1024), "
+                    + "contextStack VARCHAR(1048576), marker VARCHAR(255), source VARCHAR(2048),"
                     + "threadId BIGINT, threadName NVARCHAR(255), threadPriority INTEGER" + " )");
         }
 

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/LogEventEntityTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/LogEventEntityTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/LogEventEntityTest.java
index ed59b53..823cee3 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/LogEventEntityTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/LogEventEntityTest.java
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext.ContextStack;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThrowableProxy;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.MutableInstant;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
 import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -72,6 +74,11 @@ public class LogEventEntityTest {
             }
 
             @Override
+            public Instant getInstant() {
+                return new MutableInstant();
+            }
+
+            @Override
             public long getNanoTime() {
                 return 0;
             }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/TestBaseEntity.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/TestBaseEntity.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/TestBaseEntity.java
index 5d4473e..3739731 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/TestBaseEntity.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/TestBaseEntity.java
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ import javax.persistence.Transient;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.InstantAttributeConverter;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.ReadOnlyStringMap;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.LevelAttributeConverter;
@@ -136,6 +138,13 @@ public class TestBaseEntity extends AbstractLogEventWrapperEntity {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Convert(converter = InstantAttributeConverter.class)
+    @Column(name = "instant")
+    public Instant getInstant() {
+        return this.getWrappedEvent().getInstant();
+    }
+
+    @Override
     @Transient
     public long getNanoTime() {
         return this.getWrappedEvent().getNanoTime();

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/converter/InstantAttributeConverterTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/converter/InstantAttributeConverterTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/converter/InstantAttributeConverterTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab2324f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/converter/InstantAttributeConverterTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.categories.Appenders;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.MutableInstant;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.status.StatusLogger;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.experimental.categories.Category;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+@Category(Appenders.Jpa.class)
+public class InstantAttributeConverterTest {
+    private static final StatusLogger LOGGER = StatusLogger.getLogger();
+
+    private InstantAttributeConverter converter;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        this.converter = new InstantAttributeConverter();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConvert01() {
+        final MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(1234567, 89012);
+
+        final String converted = this.converter.convertToDatabaseColumn(instant);
+
+        assertNotNull("The converted value should not be null.", converted);
+        assertEquals("The converted value is not correct.", "1234567,89012", converted);
+
+        final Instant reversed = this.converter.convertToEntityAttribute(converted);
+
+        assertNotNull("The reversed value should not be null.", reversed);
+        assertEquals("epoch sec", 1234567, reversed.getEpochSecond());
+        assertEquals("nanoOfSecond", 89012, reversed.getNanoOfSecond());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConvertNullToDatabaseColumn() {
+        assertNull("The converted value should be null.", this.converter.convertToDatabaseColumn(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConvertNullOrBlankToEntityAttribute() {
+        assertNull("The converted attribute should be null (1).", this.converter.convertToEntityAttribute(null));
+        assertNull("The converted attribute should be null (2).", this.converter.convertToEntityAttribute(""));
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/AsyncLoggerTimestampMessageTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/AsyncLoggerTimestampMessageTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/AsyncLoggerTimestampMessageTest.java
index c177b8a..f797daf 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/AsyncLoggerTimestampMessageTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/AsyncLoggerTimestampMessageTest.java
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public class AsyncLoggerTimestampMessageTest {
         final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger("com.foo.Bar");
         assertFalse(PoisonClock.called);
         log.info((Message) new TimeMsg("Async logger msg with embedded timestamp", 123456789000L));
-        assertTrue(PoisonClock.called);
+        assertFalse(PoisonClock.called);
         CoreLoggerContexts.stopLoggerContext(false, file); // stop async thread
 
         final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEventTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEventTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEventTest.java
index 355e668..4dea6a5 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEventTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEventTest.java
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.MarkerManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext.ContextStack;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.categories.AsyncLoggers;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.DummyNanoClock;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.DummyPreciseClock;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.FilteredObjectInputStream;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.StringMap;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThrowableProxy;
@@ -66,10 +68,8 @@ public class RingBufferLogEventTest {
         final ContextStack contextStack = null;
         final String threadName = null;
         final StackTraceElement location = null;
-        final long currentTimeMillis = 0;
-        final long nanoTime = 1;
         evt.setValues(null, loggerName, marker, fqcn, level, data, t, (StringMap) evt.getContextData(),
-                contextStack, -1, threadName, -1, location, currentTimeMillis, nanoTime);
+                contextStack, -1, threadName, -1, location, new DummyPreciseClock(), new DummyNanoClock(1));
         assertEquals(Level.OFF, evt.getLevel());
     }
 
@@ -85,10 +85,8 @@ public class RingBufferLogEventTest {
         final ContextStack contextStack = null;
         final String threadName = null;
         final StackTraceElement location = null;
-        final long currentTimeMillis = 0;
-        final long nanoTime = 1;
         evt.setValues(null, loggerName, marker, fqcn, level, data, t, (StringMap) evt.getContextData(),
-                contextStack, -1, threadName, -1, location, currentTimeMillis, nanoTime);
+                contextStack, -1, threadName, -1, location, new DummyPreciseClock(), new DummyNanoClock(1));
         assertNotNull(evt.getMessage());
     }
 
@@ -104,11 +102,10 @@ public class RingBufferLogEventTest {
         final ContextStack contextStack = null;
         final String threadName = null;
         final StackTraceElement location = null;
-        final long currentTimeMillis = 123;
-        final long nanoTime = 1;
         evt.setValues(null, loggerName, marker, fqcn, level, data, t, (StringMap) evt.getContextData(),
-                contextStack, -1, threadName, -1, location, currentTimeMillis, nanoTime);
+                contextStack, -1, threadName, -1, location, new DummyPreciseClock(123, 456), new DummyNanoClock(1));
         assertEquals(123, evt.getTimeMillis());
+        assertEquals(456, evt.getInstant().getNanoOfMillisecond());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -123,10 +120,9 @@ public class RingBufferLogEventTest {
         final ContextStack contextStack = null;
         final String threadName = "main";
         final StackTraceElement location = null;
-        final long currentTimeMillis = 12345;
-        final long nanoTime = 1;
         evt.setValues(null, loggerName, marker, fqcn, level, data, t, (StringMap) evt.getContextData(),
-                contextStack, -1, threadName, -1, location, currentTimeMillis, nanoTime);
+                contextStack, -1, threadName, -1, location,
+                new DummyPreciseClock(12345, 678), new DummyNanoClock(1));
         ((StringMap) evt.getContextData()).putValue("key", "value");
 
         final ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@@ -146,7 +142,8 @@ public class RingBufferLogEventTest {
         assertEquals(contextStack, other.getContextStack());
         assertEquals(threadName, other.getThreadName());
         assertEquals(location, other.getSource());
-        assertEquals(currentTimeMillis, other.getTimeMillis());
+        assertEquals(12345, other.getTimeMillis());
+        assertEquals(678, other.getInstant().getNanoOfMillisecond());
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@@ -162,10 +159,8 @@ public class RingBufferLogEventTest {
         final ContextStack contextStack = new MutableThreadContextStack(Arrays.asList("a", "b"));
         final String threadName = "main";
         final StackTraceElement location = null;
-        final long currentTimeMillis = 12345;
-        final long nanoTime = 1;
         evt.setValues(null, loggerName, marker, fqcn, level, data, t, (StringMap) evt.getContextData(),
-                contextStack, -1, threadName, -1, location, currentTimeMillis, nanoTime);
+                contextStack, -1, threadName, -1, location, new DummyPreciseClock(12345, 678), new DummyNanoClock(1));
         ((StringMap) evt.getContextData()).putValue("key", "value");
 
         final LogEvent actual = evt.createMemento();
@@ -180,6 +175,7 @@ public class RingBufferLogEventTest {
         assertEquals(evt.getContextStack(), actual.getContextStack());
         assertEquals(evt.getThreadName(), actual.getThreadName());
         assertEquals(evt.getTimeMillis(), actual.getTimeMillis());
+        assertEquals(evt.getInstant().getNanoOfMillisecond(), actual.getInstant().getNanoOfMillisecond());
         assertEquals(evt.getSource(), actual.getSource());
         assertEquals(evt.getThrownProxy(), actual.getThrownProxy());
     }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/ConcurrentLoggingWithJsonLayoutTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/ConcurrentLoggingWithJsonLayoutTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/ConcurrentLoggingWithJsonLayoutTest.java
index 3c1fa64..0e4ad52 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/ConcurrentLoggingWithJsonLayoutTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/ConcurrentLoggingWithJsonLayoutTest.java
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public class ConcurrentLoggingWithJsonLayoutTest {
         if (new File(PATH).exists()) {
             final List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(new File(PATH).toPath(), Charset.defaultCharset());
             for (final String line : lines) {
-                assertThat(line, startsWith("{\"timeMillis\":"));
+                assertThat(line, startsWith("{\"thread\":"));
                 assertThat(line, endsWith("\"threadPriority\":5}"));
             }
         }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/JsonLayoutTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/JsonLayoutTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/JsonLayoutTest.java
index 2a5eafd..dba5cf3 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/JsonLayoutTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/JsonLayoutTest.java
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ public class JsonLayoutTest {
         //
         assertNull(actual.getThrown());
         // make sure the names we want are used
-        this.checkPropertyName("timeMillis", compact, str);
+        this.checkPropertyName("instant", compact, str);
         this.checkPropertyName("thread", compact, str); // and not threadName
         this.checkPropertyName("level", compact, str);
         this.checkPropertyName("loggerName", compact, str);

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/XmlLayoutTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/XmlLayoutTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/XmlLayoutTest.java
index 95c9f6d..4ee8f1e 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/XmlLayoutTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/XmlLayoutTest.java
@@ -165,7 +165,10 @@ public class XmlLayoutTest {
         }
         //
         // make sure the names we want are used
-        this.checkAttributeName("timeMillis", compact, str);
+        //this.checkAttributeName("timeMillis", compact, str);
+        this.checkElementName("Instant", compact, str, true, false);
+        this.checkAttributeName("epochSecond", compact, str);
+        this.checkAttributeName("nanoOfSecond", compact, str);
         this.checkAttributeName("thread", compact, str); // and not threadName
         this.checkAttributeName("level", compact, str);
         this.checkAttributeName("loggerName", compact, str);

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/YamlLayoutTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/YamlLayoutTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/YamlLayoutTest.java
index de19606..2fef8de 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/YamlLayoutTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/YamlLayoutTest.java
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ public class YamlLayoutTest {
         //
         assertNull(actual.getThrown());
         // make sure the names we want are used
-        this.checkPropertyName("timeMillis", compact, str, true);
+        this.checkPropertyName("instant", compact, str, false);
         this.checkPropertyName("thread", compact, str, true); // and not threadName
         this.checkPropertyName("level", compact, str, true);
         this.checkPropertyName("loggerName", compact, str, true);

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/JsonLogEventParserTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/JsonLogEventParserTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/JsonLogEventParserTest.java
index 0dd0182..9683d63 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/JsonLogEventParserTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/JsonLogEventParserTest.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ public class JsonLogEventParserTest extends LogEventParserTest {
 
     private static final String JSON = "{\n" +
             "  \"timeMillis\" : 1493121664118,\n" +
+            "  \"instant\":{\"epochSecond\":1493121664,\"nanoOfSecond\":118000000},\n" +
             "  \"thread\" : \"main\",\n" +
             "  \"threadId\" : 1,\n" +
             "  \"threadPriority\" : 5,\n" +
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ public class JsonLogEventParserTest extends LogEventParserTest {
 
     @Test(expected = ParseException.class)
     public void testStringWrongPropertyType() throws ParseException {
-        parser.parseFrom("{\"timeMillis\":\"foobar\"}");
+        parser.parseFrom("{\"threadId\":\"foobar\"}");
     }
 
     @Test

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/LogEventParserTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/LogEventParserTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/LogEventParserTest.java
index cd6475b..cdb3bef 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/LogEventParserTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/LogEventParserTest.java
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
 public abstract class LogEventParserTest {
     protected void assertLogEvent(final LogEvent logEvent) {
         assertThat(logEvent, is(notNullValue()));
-        assertThat(logEvent.getTimeMillis(), equalTo(1493121664118L));
+        assertThat(logEvent.getInstant().getEpochMillisecond(), equalTo(1493121664118L));
         assertThat(logEvent.getThreadName(), equalTo("main"));
         assertThat(logEvent.getThreadId(), equalTo(1L));
         assertThat(logEvent.getThreadPriority(), equalTo(5));

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/XmlLogEventParserTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/XmlLogEventParserTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/XmlLogEventParserTest.java
index b460075..72da8ff 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/XmlLogEventParserTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/XmlLogEventParserTest.java
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ public class XmlLogEventParserTest extends LogEventParserTest {
             "       loggerFqcn=\"org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger\"\n" +
             "       threadId=\"1\"\n" +
             "       threadPriority=\"5\">\n" +
+            "  <Instant epochSecond=\"1493121664\" nanoOfSecond=\"118000000\"/>\n" +
             "  <Marker name=\"child\">\n" +
             "    <Parents>\n" +
             "      <Marker name=\"parent\">\n" +
@@ -100,6 +101,11 @@ public class XmlLogEventParserTest extends LogEventParserTest {
 
     @Test(expected = ParseException.class)
     public void testStringWrongPropertyType() throws ParseException {
+        parser.parseFrom("<Event><Instant epochSecond=\"bar\">foobar</Instant></Event>");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTimeMillisIgnored() throws ParseException {
         parser.parseFrom("<Event><timeMillis>foobar</timeMillis></Event>");
     }
 

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/YamlLogEventParserTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/YamlLogEventParserTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/YamlLogEventParserTest.java
index b48989c..16c77e7 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/YamlLogEventParserTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/parser/YamlLogEventParserTest.java
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ public class YamlLogEventParserTest extends LogEventParserTest {
 
     private static final String YAML = "---\n" +
             "timeMillis: 1493121664118\n" +
+            "instant:\n" +
+            " epochSecond: 1493121664\n" +
+            " nanoOfSecond: 118000000\n" +
             "thread: \"main\"\n" +
             "level: \"INFO\"\n" +
             "loggerName: \"HelloWorld\"\n" +
@@ -92,9 +95,14 @@ public class YamlLogEventParserTest extends LogEventParserTest {
         parser.parseFrom("---\n");
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testTimeMillisIgnored() throws ParseException {
+        parser.parseFrom("---\ntimeMillis: \"foobar\"\n");
+    }
+
     @Test(expected = ParseException.class)
     public void testStringWrongPropertyType() throws ParseException {
-        parser.parseFrom("---\ntimeMillis: \"foobar\"\n");
+        parser.parseFrom("---\nthreadId: \"foobar\"\n");
     }
 
     @Test

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/pattern/DatePatternConverterTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/pattern/DatePatternConverterTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/pattern/DatePatternConverterTest.java
index 9f55165..e6be56a 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/pattern/DatePatternConverterTest.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/pattern/DatePatternConverterTest.java
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ import java.util.TimeZone;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.AbstractLogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Constants;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.MutableInstant;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.datetime.FixedDateFormat;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -148,6 +150,71 @@ public class DatePatternConverterTest {
         }
     }
 
+    private String precisePattern(final String pattern, int precision) {
+        String seconds = pattern.substring(0, pattern.indexOf("SSS"));
+        return seconds + "nnnnnnnnn".substring(0, precision);
+    }
+
+    // test with all formats from one 'n' (100s of millis) to 'nnnnnnnnn' (nanosecond precision)
+    @Test
+    public void testPredefinedFormatWithAnyValidNanoPrecision() {
+        final StringBuilder precise = new StringBuilder();
+        final StringBuilder milli = new StringBuilder();
+        final LogEvent event = new MyLogEvent();
+
+        for (String timeZone : new String[]{"PDT", null}) { // Pacific Daylight Time=UTC-8:00
+            for (final FixedDateFormat.FixedFormat format : FixedDateFormat.FixedFormat.values()) {
+                for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++) {
+                    if (format.getPattern().endsWith("n")) {
+                        continue; // ignore patterns that already have precise time formats
+                    }
+                    precise.setLength(0);
+                    milli.setLength(0);
+
+                    final String[] preciseOptions = {precisePattern(format.getPattern(), i), timeZone};
+                    final DatePatternConverter preciseConverter = DatePatternConverter.newInstance(preciseOptions);
+                    preciseConverter.format(event, precise);
+
+                    final String[] milliOptions = {format.getPattern(), timeZone};
+                    DatePatternConverter.newInstance(milliOptions).format(event, milli);
+                    milli.setLength(milli.length() - 3); // truncate millis
+                    String expected = milli.append("987123456".substring(0, i)).toString();
+
+                    assertEquals(expected, precise.toString());
+                    //System.out.println(preciseOptions[0] + ": " + precise);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidLongPatternIgnoresExcessiveDigits() {
+        final StringBuilder precise = new StringBuilder();
+        final StringBuilder milli = new StringBuilder();
+        final LogEvent event = new MyLogEvent();
+
+            for (final FixedDateFormat.FixedFormat format : FixedDateFormat.FixedFormat.values()) {
+                if (format.getPattern().endsWith("n")) {
+                    continue; // ignore patterns that already have precise time formats
+                }
+                precise.setLength(0);
+                milli.setLength(0);
+
+                final String pattern = format.getPattern().substring(0, format.getPattern().indexOf("SSS"));
+                final String[] preciseOptions = {pattern + "nnnnnnnnn" + "n"}; // too long
+                final DatePatternConverter preciseConverter = DatePatternConverter.newInstance(preciseOptions);
+                preciseConverter.format(event, precise);
+
+                final String[] milliOptions = {format.getPattern()};
+                DatePatternConverter.newInstance(milliOptions).format(event, milli);
+                milli.setLength(milli.length() - 3); // truncate millis
+                String expected = milli.append("987123456").toString();
+
+                assertEquals(expected, precise.toString());
+                //System.out.println(preciseOptions[0] + ": " + precise);
+            }
+    }
+
     private class MyLogEvent extends AbstractLogEvent {
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
 
@@ -158,6 +225,13 @@ public class DatePatternConverterTest {
             cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 987);
             return cal.getTimeInMillis();
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public Instant getInstant() {
+            MutableInstant result = new MutableInstant();
+            result.initFromEpochMilli(getTimeMillis(), 123456);
+            return result;
+        }
     }
 
     @Test

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstantTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstantTest.java b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstantTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1715fc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstantTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class MutableInstantTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetEpochSecond() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        assertEquals("initial", 0, instant.getEpochSecond());
+
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(123, 456);
+        assertEquals("returns directly set value", 123, instant.getEpochSecond());
+
+        instant.initFromEpochMilli(123456, 789012);
+        assertEquals("returns converted value when initialized from milllis", 123, instant.getEpochSecond());
+
+        MutableInstant other = new MutableInstant();
+        other.initFromEpochSecond(788, 456);
+        instant.initFrom(other);
+
+        assertEquals("returns ref value when initialized from instant", 788, instant.getEpochSecond());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetNanoOfSecond() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        assertEquals("initial", 0, instant.getNanoOfSecond());
+
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(123, 456);
+        assertEquals("returns directly set value", 456, instant.getNanoOfSecond());
+
+        instant.initFromEpochMilli(123456, 789012);
+        assertEquals("returns converted value when initialized from milllis", 456789012, instant.getNanoOfSecond());
+
+        MutableInstant other = new MutableInstant();
+        other.initFromEpochSecond(788, 456);
+        instant.initFrom(other);
+
+        assertEquals("returns ref value when initialized from instant", 456, instant.getNanoOfSecond());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetEpochMillisecond() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        assertEquals("initial", 0, instant.getEpochMillisecond());
+
+        instant.initFromEpochMilli(123, 456);
+        assertEquals("returns directly set value", 123, instant.getEpochMillisecond());
+
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(123, 456789012);
+        assertEquals("returns converted value when initialized from seconds", 123456, instant.getEpochMillisecond());
+
+        MutableInstant other = new MutableInstant();
+        other.initFromEpochMilli(788, 456);
+        instant.initFrom(other);
+
+        assertEquals("returns ref value when initialized from instant", 788, instant.getEpochMillisecond());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getGetNanoOfMillisecond() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        assertEquals("initial", 0, instant.getNanoOfMillisecond());
+
+        instant.initFromEpochMilli(123, 456);
+        assertEquals("returns directly set value", 456, instant.getNanoOfMillisecond());
+
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(123, 456789012);
+        assertEquals("returns converted value when initialized from milllis", 789012, instant.getNanoOfMillisecond());
+
+        MutableInstant other = new MutableInstant();
+        other.initFromEpochMilli(788, 456);
+        instant.initFrom(other);
+
+        assertEquals("returns ref value when initialized from instant", 456, instant.getNanoOfMillisecond());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void testInitFromInstantRejectsNull() {
+        new MutableInstant().initFrom((Instant) null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitFromInstantCopiesValues() {
+        MutableInstant other = new MutableInstant();
+        other.initFromEpochSecond(788, 456);
+        assertEquals("epochSec", 788, other.getEpochSecond());
+        assertEquals("NanosOfSec", 456, other.getNanoOfSecond());
+
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFrom(other);
+
+        assertEquals("epochSec", 788, instant.getEpochSecond());
+        assertEquals("NanoOfSec", 456, instant.getNanoOfSecond());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitFromEpochMillis() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochMilli(123456, 789012);
+        assertEquals("epochSec", 123, instant.getEpochSecond());
+        assertEquals("NanoOfSec", 456789012, instant.getNanoOfSecond());
+        assertEquals("epochMilli", 123456, instant.getEpochMillisecond());
+        assertEquals("NanoOfMilli", 789012, instant.getNanoOfMillisecond());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testInitFromEpochMillisRejectsNegativeNanoOfMilli() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochMilli(123456, -1);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testInitFromEpochMillisRejectsTooLargeNanoOfMilli() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochMilli(123456, 1000_000);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitFromEpochMillisAcceptsTooMaxNanoOfMilli() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochMilli(123456, 999_999);
+        assertEquals("NanoOfMilli", 999_999, instant.getNanoOfMillisecond());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitFromEpochSecond() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(123, 456789012);
+        assertEquals("epochSec", 123, instant.getEpochSecond());
+        assertEquals("NanoOfSec", 456789012, instant.getNanoOfSecond());
+        assertEquals("epochMilli", 123456, instant.getEpochMillisecond());
+        assertEquals("NanoOfMilli", 789012, instant.getNanoOfMillisecond());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testInitFromEpochSecondRejectsNegativeNanoOfMilli() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(123456, -1);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testInitFromEpochSecondRejectsTooLargeNanoOfMilli() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(123456, 1000_000_000);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitFromEpochSecondAcceptsTooMaxNanoOfMilli() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(123456, 999_999_999);
+        assertEquals("NanoOfSec", 999_999_999, instant.getNanoOfSecond());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInstantToMillisAndNanos() {
+        long[] values = new long[2];
+        MutableInstant.instantToMillisAndNanos(123456, 999_999_999, values);
+        assertEquals(123456_999, values[0]);
+        assertEquals(999_999, values[1]);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitFromClock() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+
+        PreciseClock clock = new DummyPreciseClock(123456, 789012);
+        instant.initFrom(clock);
+
+        assertEquals(123456, instant.getEpochMillisecond());
+        assertEquals(789012, instant.getNanoOfMillisecond());
+        assertEquals(123, instant.getEpochSecond());
+        assertEquals(456789012, instant.getNanoOfSecond());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEquals() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(123, 456789012);
+
+        MutableInstant instant2 = new MutableInstant();
+        instant2.initFromEpochMilli(123456, 789012);
+
+        assertEquals(instant, instant2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHashCode() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(123, 456789012);
+
+        MutableInstant instant2 = new MutableInstant();
+        instant2.initFromEpochMilli(123456, 789012);
+
+        assertEquals(instant.hashCode(), instant2.hashCode());
+
+
+        instant2.initFromEpochMilli(123456, 789013);
+        assertNotEquals(instant.hashCode(), instant2.hashCode());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString() {
+        MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochSecond(123, 456789012);
+        assertEquals("MutableInstant[epochSecond=123, nano=456789012]", instant.toString());
+
+        instant.initFromEpochMilli(123456, 789012);
+        assertEquals("MutableInstant[epochSecond=123, nano=456789012]", instant.toString());
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file


[3/3] logging-log4j2 git commit: LOG4J2-1883 replace timeMillis with Instant/MutableInstant in LogEvent; support formatting date times in higher precision than milliseconds; add Java 9 precise time source; update docs

Posted by rp...@apache.org.
LOG4J2-1883 replace timeMillis with Instant/MutableInstant in LogEvent; support formatting date times in higher precision than milliseconds; add Java 9 precise time source; update docs


Project: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/repo
Commit: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/commit/a07d6ba4
Tree: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/tree/a07d6ba4
Diff: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/diff/a07d6ba4

Branch: refs/heads/LOG4J2-1883-instant-field
Commit: a07d6ba489d3b8311b52614c885ea6403fe5815f
Parents: 7955724
Author: rpopma <rp...@apache.org>
Authored: Sun Jan 14 13:48:25 2018 +0900
Committer: rpopma <rp...@apache.org>
Committed: Sun Jan 21 22:29:58 2018 +0900

----------------------------------------------------------------------
 log4j-core-java9/pom.xml                        |  11 +-
 log4j-core-java9/src/assembly/java9.xml         |   8 +-
 .../apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Clock.java   |  32 +++
 .../apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Dummy.java   |  24 --
 .../apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Instant.java |  75 ++++++
 .../logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstant.java | 155 +++++++++++++
 .../logging/log4j/core/util/PreciseClock.java   |  36 +++
 .../logging/log4j/core/util/SystemClock.java    |  44 ++++
 .../log4j/core/util/SystemMillisClock.java      |  34 +++
 .../apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Temp.java    |  24 --
 .../logging/log4j/core/AbstractLogEvent.java    |   9 +
 .../org/apache/logging/log4j/core/LogEvent.java |  17 +-
 .../db/jpa/AbstractLogEventWrapperEntity.java   |  21 ++
 .../appender/db/jpa/BasicLogEventEntity.java    |  15 +-
 .../converter/InstantAttributeConverter.java    |  58 +++++
 .../logging/log4j/core/async/AsyncLogger.java   |   6 +-
 .../log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEvent.java    |  34 ++-
 .../async/RingBufferLogEventTranslator.java     |  22 +-
 .../logging/log4j/core/impl/Log4jLogEvent.java  |  77 ++++---
 .../log4j/core/impl/MutableLogEvent.java        |  33 ++-
 .../core/impl/ReusableLogEventFactory.java      |   6 +-
 .../log4j/core/jackson/Initializers.java        |   3 +
 .../log4j/core/jackson/InstantMixIn.java        |  55 +++++
 .../log4j/core/jackson/JsonConstants.java       |   1 +
 .../log4j/core/jackson/LogEventJsonMixIn.java   |  13 +-
 .../jackson/LogEventWithContextListMixIn.java   |  13 +-
 .../log4j/core/jackson/XmlConstants.java        |   1 +
 .../core/pattern/DatePatternConverter.java      | 100 +++++---
 .../logging/log4j/core/util/ClockFactory.java   |  27 ++-
 .../log4j/core/util/DummyPreciseClock.java      |  49 ++++
 .../apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Instant.java |  72 ++++++
 .../logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstant.java | 152 ++++++++++++
 .../logging/log4j/core/util/PreciseClock.java   |  33 +++
 .../core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormat.java     | 122 +++++++++-
 .../appender/JsonCompleteFileAppenderTest.java  |  75 +++---
 .../appender/XmlCompleteFileAppenderTest.java   | 115 ++++------
 .../core/appender/XmlFileAppenderTest.java      |  40 ++--
 .../core/appender/db/jpa/JpaH2AppenderTest.java |  11 +-
 .../appender/db/jpa/JpaHsqldbAppenderTest.java  |  11 +-
 .../appender/db/jpa/LogEventEntityTest.java     |   7 +
 .../core/appender/db/jpa/TestBaseEntity.java    |   9 +
 .../InstantAttributeConverterTest.java          |  68 ++++++
 .../async/AsyncLoggerTimestampMessageTest.java  |   2 +-
 .../core/async/RingBufferLogEventTest.java      |  28 +--
 .../ConcurrentLoggingWithJsonLayoutTest.java    |   2 +-
 .../log4j/core/layout/JsonLayoutTest.java       |   2 +-
 .../log4j/core/layout/XmlLayoutTest.java        |   5 +-
 .../log4j/core/layout/YamlLayoutTest.java       |   2 +-
 .../core/parser/JsonLogEventParserTest.java     |   3 +-
 .../log4j/core/parser/LogEventParserTest.java   |   2 +-
 .../core/parser/XmlLogEventParserTest.java      |   6 +
 .../core/parser/YamlLogEventParserTest.java     |  10 +-
 .../core/pattern/DatePatternConverterTest.java  |  74 ++++++
 .../log4j/core/util/MutableInstantTest.java     | 230 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../core/util/datetime/FixedDateFormatTest.java |  15 ++
 .../src/test/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml |   2 +
 .../log4j/flume/appender/FlumeEvent.java        |  10 +
 .../src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml |   2 +
 src/site/xdoc/manual/layouts.xml.vm             |  50 +++-
 59 files changed, 1816 insertions(+), 347 deletions(-)
----------------------------------------------------------------------


http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core-java9/pom.xml
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core-java9/pom.xml b/log4j-core-java9/pom.xml
index e05f30e..b46f8c9 100644
--- a/log4j-core-java9/pom.xml
+++ b/log4j-core-java9/pom.xml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
     <projectDir>/core</projectDir>
   </properties>
   <dependencies>
+    <!-- Naturally, all implementations require the log4j-api JAR -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
+      <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>junit</groupId>
       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
@@ -84,12 +89,6 @@
             </goals>
           </execution>
         </executions>
-        <configuration>
-          <source>9</source>
-          <target>9</target>
-          <release>9</release>
-          <proc>none</proc>
-        </configuration>
       </plugin>
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core-java9/src/assembly/java9.xml
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core-java9/src/assembly/java9.xml b/log4j-core-java9/src/assembly/java9.xml
index 3e59561..f8f129d 100644
--- a/log4j-core-java9/src/assembly/java9.xml
+++ b/log4j-core-java9/src/assembly/java9.xml
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@
       <excludes>
         <exclude>module-info.class</exclude>
         <exclude>**/Dummy.class</exclude>
-        <exclude>**/spi/Provider.class</exclude>
-        <exclude>**/util/PropertySource.class</exclude>
-        <exclude>**/message/ThreadDumpMessage.class</exclude>
-        <exclude>**/message/ThreadDumpMessage$ThreadInfoFactory.class</exclude>
+        <exclude>**/util/Clock.class</exclude>
+        <exclude>**/util/Instant.class</exclude>
+        <exclude>**/util/MutableInstant.class</exclude>
+        <exclude>**/util/PreciseClock.class</exclude>
       </excludes>
     </fileSet>
     <fileSet>

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Clock.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Clock.java b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Clock.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c961d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Clock.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
+
+// This class is here to allow {@link SystemClock}, {@link SystemMillisClock}
+// to compile. It will not be copied into the log4j-core module.
+
+/**
+ * Provides the time stamp used in log events.
+ */
+public interface Clock {
+    /**
+     * Returns the time in milliseconds since the epoch.
+     *
+     * @return the time in milliseconds since the epoch
+     */
+    long currentTimeMillis();
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Dummy.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Dummy.java b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Dummy.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 6bffac6..0000000
--- a/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Dummy.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the license.
- */
-package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
-
-/**
- * This is a dummy class and is only here to allow module-info.java to compile. It will not
- * be copied into the log4j-api module.
- */
-public class Dummy {
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Instant.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Instant.java b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Instant.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd4ac9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Instant.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
+
+// This class is here to allow {@link SystemClock}, {@link SystemMillisClock}
+// to compile. It will not be copied into the log4j-core module.
+
+/**
+ * Models a point in time, suitable for event timestamps.
+ * <p>
+ * Provides methods for obtaining high precision time information similar to the
+ * <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/time/Instant.html">Instant</a> class introduced in Java 8,
+ * while also supporting the legacy millisecond precision API.
+ * </p><p>
+ * Depending on the platform, time sources ({@link Clock} implementations) may produce high precision or millisecond
+ * precision time values. At the same time, some time value consumers (for example timestamp formatters) may only be
+ * able to consume time values of millisecond precision, while some others may require a high precision time value.
+ * </p><p>
+ * This class bridges these two time APIs.
+ * </p>
+ * @since 2.11
+ */
+public interface Instant {
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of seconds from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+     * <p>
+     * The epoch second count is a simple incrementing count of seconds where second 0 is 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+     * The nanosecond part of the day is returned by {@link #getNanoOfSecond()}.
+     * </p>
+     * @return the seconds from the epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
+     */
+    long getEpochSecond();
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the second.
+     * <p>
+     * The nanosecond-of-second value measures the total number of nanoseconds from the second returned by {@link #getEpochSecond()}.
+     * </p>
+     * @return the nanoseconds within the second, always positive, never exceeds {@code 999,999,999}
+     */
+    int getNanoOfSecond();
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of milliseconds from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+     * <p>
+     * The epoch millisecond count is a simple incrementing count of milliseconds where millisecond 0 is 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+     * The nanosecond part of the day is returned by {@link #getNanoOfMillisecond()}.
+     * </p>
+     * @return the milliseconds from the epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
+     */
+    long getEpochMillisecond();
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the millisecond.
+     * <p>
+     * The nanosecond-of-millisecond value measures the total number of nanoseconds from the millisecond returned by {@link #getEpochMillisecond()}.
+     * </p>
+     * @return the nanoseconds within the millisecond, always positive, never exceeds {@code 999,999}
+     */
+    int getNanoOfMillisecond();
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstant.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstant.java b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstant.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8960fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/MutableInstant.java
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.PerformanceSensitive;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+// This class is here to allow {@link SystemClock}, {@link SystemMillisClock}
+// to compile. It will not be copied into the log4j-core module.
+
+/**
+ * An instantaneous point on the time line, used for high-precision log event timestamps.
+ * Modelled on <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/index.html?java/time/class-use/Instant.html">java.time.Instant</a>,
+ * except that this version is mutable to prevent allocating temporary objects that need to be garbage-collected later.
+ * <p>
+ * Instances of this class are <em>not</em> thread-safe and should not be shared between threads.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @since 2.11
+ */
+@PerformanceSensitive("allocation")
+public class MutableInstant implements Instant, Serializable {
+
+    private static final int MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1000;
+    private static final int NANOS_PER_MILLI = 1000_000;
+    static final int NANOS_PER_SECOND = MILLIS_PER_SECOND * NANOS_PER_MILLI;
+
+    private long epochSecond;
+    private int nanoOfSecond;
+
+    @Override
+    public long getEpochSecond() {
+        return epochSecond;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNanoOfSecond() {
+        return nanoOfSecond;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getEpochMillisecond() {
+        final int millis = nanoOfSecond / NANOS_PER_MILLI;
+        long epochMillisecond = epochSecond * MILLIS_PER_SECOND + millis;
+        return epochMillisecond;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNanoOfMillisecond() {
+        final int millis = nanoOfSecond / NANOS_PER_MILLI;
+        int nanoOfMillisecond = nanoOfSecond - (millis * NANOS_PER_MILLI); // cheaper than nanoOfSecond % NANOS_PER_MILLI
+        return nanoOfMillisecond;
+    }
+
+    public void initFrom(final Instant other) {
+        this.epochSecond = other.getEpochSecond();
+        this.nanoOfSecond = other.getNanoOfSecond();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the fields of this {@code MutableInstant} from the specified epoch millis.
+     * @param epochMilli the number of milliseconds from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
+     * @param nanoOfMillisecond the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the millisecond
+     */
+    public void initFromEpochMilli(final long epochMilli, final int nanoOfMillisecond) {
+        validateNanoOfMillisecond(nanoOfMillisecond);
+        this.epochSecond = epochMilli / MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
+        this.nanoOfSecond = (int) (epochMilli - (epochSecond * MILLIS_PER_SECOND)) * NANOS_PER_MILLI + nanoOfMillisecond;
+    }
+
+    private void validateNanoOfMillisecond(final int nanoOfMillisecond) {
+        if (nanoOfMillisecond < 0 || nanoOfMillisecond >= NANOS_PER_MILLI) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid nanoOfMillisecond " + nanoOfMillisecond);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void initFrom(final Clock clock) {
+        if (clock instanceof PreciseClock) {
+            ((PreciseClock) clock).init(this);
+        } else {
+            initFromEpochMilli(clock.currentTimeMillis(), 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the fields of this {@code MutableInstant} from the specified instant components.
+     * @param epochSecond the number of seconds from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
+     * @param nano the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the second
+     */
+    public void initFromEpochSecond(final long epochSecond, final int nano) {
+        validateNanoOfSecond(nano);
+        this.epochSecond = epochSecond;
+        this.nanoOfSecond = nano;
+    }
+
+    private void validateNanoOfSecond(final int nano) {
+        if (nano < 0 || nano >= NANOS_PER_SECOND) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid nanoOfSecond " + nano);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the elements of the specified {@code long[]} result array from the specified instant components.
+     * @param epochSecond (input) the number of seconds from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
+     * @param nano (input) the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the second
+     * @param result (output) a two-element array to store the result: the first element is the number of milliseconds
+     *               from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z,
+     *               the second element is the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start of the millisecond
+     */
+    public static void instantToMillisAndNanos(final long epochSecond, final int nano, final long[] result) {
+        int millis = nano / NANOS_PER_MILLI;
+        result[0] = epochSecond * MILLIS_PER_SECOND + millis;
+        result[1] = nano - (millis * NANOS_PER_MILLI); // cheaper than nanoOfSecond % NANOS_PER_MILLI
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(final Object object) {
+        if (object == this) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!(object instanceof MutableInstant)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        MutableInstant other = (MutableInstant) object;
+        return epochSecond == other.epochSecond && nanoOfSecond == other.nanoOfSecond;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = 17;
+        result = 31 * result + (int) (epochSecond ^ (epochSecond >>> 32));
+        result = 31 * result + nanoOfSecond;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "MutableInstant[epochSecond=" + epochSecond + ", nano=" + nanoOfSecond + "]";
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/PreciseClock.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/PreciseClock.java b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/PreciseClock.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d1f314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/PreciseClock.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
+
+// This class is here to allow {@link SystemClock}, {@link SystemMillisClock}
+// to compile. It will not be copied into the log4j-core module.
+
+/**
+ * Extension of the {@link Clock} interface that is able to provide more accurate time information than milliseconds
+ * since the epoch. {@code PreciseClock} implementations are free to return millisecond-precision time
+ * if that is the most accurate time information available on this platform.
+ * @since 2.11
+ */
+public interface PreciseClock extends Clock {
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the specified instant with time information as accurate as available on this platform.
+     * @param mutableInstant the container to be initialized with the accurate time information
+     * @since 2.11
+     */
+    void init(final MutableInstant mutableInstant);
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/SystemClock.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/SystemClock.java b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/SystemClock.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a74a1fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/SystemClock.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of the {@code Clock} interface that returns the system time.
+ * @since 2.11
+ */
+public final class SystemClock implements Clock, PreciseClock {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the system time.
+     * @return the result of calling {@code System.currentTimeMillis()}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public long currentTimeMillis() {
+        return System.currentTimeMillis();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void init(MutableInstant mutableInstant) {
+        Instant instant = java.time.Clock.systemUTC().instant();
+        mutableInstant.initFromEpochSecond(instant.getEpochSecond(), instant.getNano());
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/SystemMillisClock.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/SystemMillisClock.java b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/SystemMillisClock.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f267320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/SystemMillisClock.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of the {@code Clock} interface that returns the system time in millisecond granularity.
+ * @since 2.11
+ */
+public final class SystemMillisClock implements Clock {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the system time.
+     * @return the result of calling {@code System.currentTimeMillis()}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public long currentTimeMillis() {
+        return System.currentTimeMillis();
+    }
+
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Temp.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Temp.java b/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Temp.java
deleted file mode 100644
index edb6d47..0000000
--- a/log4j-core-java9/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/util/Temp.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the license.
- */
-package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util;
-
-/**
- * Temporary class to ensure the log4j-core-java9 jar has at least one class (or Maven will refuse to proceed).
- * To be removed as soon as real classes are added to the log4j-core-java9 module.
- */
-public class Temp {
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/AbstractLogEvent.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/AbstractLogEvent.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/AbstractLogEvent.java
index 11cc071..bc7d1b4 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/AbstractLogEvent.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/AbstractLogEvent.java
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext.ContextStack;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThrowableProxy;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.MutableInstant;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.ReadOnlyStringMap;
 
@@ -35,6 +37,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractLogEvent implements LogEvent {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
+    private MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
+
     /**
      * Subclasses should implement this method to provide an immutable version.
      */
@@ -122,6 +126,11 @@ public abstract class AbstractLogEvent implements LogEvent {
     }
 
     @Override
+    public Instant getInstant() {
+        return instant;
+    }
+
+    @Override
     public boolean isEndOfBatch() {
         return false;
     }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/LogEvent.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/LogEvent.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/LogEvent.java
index 41b20a7..0f72050 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/LogEvent.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/LogEvent.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThrowableProxy;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.ReadOnlyStringMap;
 
@@ -124,13 +125,27 @@ public interface LogEvent extends Serializable {
 
     /**
      * Gets event time in milliseconds since midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC.
+     * Use {@link #getInstant()} to get higher precision timestamp information if available on this platform.
      *
-     * @return milliseconds since midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC.
+     * @return the milliseconds component of this log event's {@linkplain #getInstant() timestamp}
      * @see java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis()
      */
     long getTimeMillis();
 
     /**
+     * Returns the timestamp when the message was logged.
+     * <p>
+     * <b>Caution</b>: if this {@code LogEvent} implementation is mutable and reused for multiple consecutive log messages,
+     * then the {@code Instant} object returned by this method is also mutable and reused.
+     * Client code should not keep a reference to the returned object but make a copy instead.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @return the {@code Instant} holding timestamp details for this log event
+     * @since 2.11
+     */
+    Instant getInstant();
+
+    /**
      * Gets the source of logging request.
      *
      * @return source of logging request, may be null.

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/AbstractLogEventWrapperEntity.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/AbstractLogEventWrapperEntity.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/AbstractLogEventWrapperEntity.java
index 60ca692..6c736c6 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/AbstractLogEventWrapperEntity.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/AbstractLogEventWrapperEntity.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.AbstractLogEvent;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.ReadOnlyStringMap;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextDataAttributeConverter;
@@ -216,6 +217,26 @@ public abstract class AbstractLogEventWrapperEntity implements LogEvent {
     /**
      * A no-op mutator to satisfy JPA requirements, as this entity is write-only.
      *
+     * @param instant Ignored.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    public void setInstant(final Instant instant) {
+        // this entity is write-only
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A no-op mutator to satisfy JPA requirements, as this entity is write-only.
+     *
+     * @param nanoOfMillisecond Ignored.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    public void setNanoOfMillisecond(final int nanoOfMillisecond) {
+        // this entity is write-only
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A no-op mutator to satisfy JPA requirements, as this entity is write-only.
+     *
      * @param throwable Ignored.
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("unused")

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/BasicLogEventEntity.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/BasicLogEventEntity.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/BasicLogEventEntity.java
index 5c06316..492aa61 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/BasicLogEventEntity.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/BasicLogEventEntity.java
@@ -26,14 +26,9 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextMapAttributeConverter;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ContextStackAttributeConverter;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.LevelAttributeConverter;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.MarkerAttributeConverter;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.MessageAttributeConverter;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.StackTraceElementAttributeConverter;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.ThrowableAttributeConverter;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter.*;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThrowableProxy;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
 
 /**
@@ -189,6 +184,12 @@ public abstract class BasicLogEventEntity extends AbstractLogEventWrapperEntity
         return this.getWrappedEvent().getTimeMillis();
     }
 
+    @Override
+    @Convert(converter = InstantAttributeConverter.class)
+    public Instant getInstant() {
+        return this.getWrappedEvent().getInstant();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns the value of the running Java Virtual Machine's high-resolution time source when this event was created,
      * or a dummy value if it is known that this value will not be used downstream.

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/converter/InstantAttributeConverter.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/converter/InstantAttributeConverter.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/converter/InstantAttributeConverter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..408d972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/db/jpa/converter/InstantAttributeConverter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jpa.converter;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.MutableInstant;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.status.StatusLogger;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.Strings;
+
+import javax.persistence.AttributeConverter;
+import javax.persistence.Converter;
+
+/**
+ * A JPA 2.1 attribute converter for {@link Instant}s in {@link org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent}s. This
+ * converter is capable of converting both to and from {@link String}s.
+ */
+@Converter(autoApply = false)
+public class InstantAttributeConverter implements AttributeConverter<Instant, String> {
+    private static final StatusLogger LOGGER = StatusLogger.getLogger();
+
+    @Override
+    public String convertToDatabaseColumn(final Instant instant) {
+        if (instant == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return instant.getEpochSecond() + "," + instant.getNanoOfSecond();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Instant convertToEntityAttribute(final String s) {
+        if (Strings.isEmpty(s)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        int pos = s.indexOf(",");
+        long epochSecond = Long.parseLong(s.substring(0, pos));
+        int nanos = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(pos + 1, s.length()));
+
+        MutableInstant result = new MutableInstant();
+        result.initFromEpochSecond(epochSecond, nanos);
+        return result;
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/AsyncLogger.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/AsyncLogger.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/AsyncLogger.java
index 036a130..358422c 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/AsyncLogger.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/AsyncLogger.java
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ public class AsyncLogger extends Logger implements EventTranslatorVararg<RingBuf
 
                 // location (expensive to calculate)
                 calcLocationIfRequested(fqcn), //
-                CLOCK.currentTimeMillis(), //
-                nanoClock.nanoTime() //
+                CLOCK, //
+                nanoClock //
         );
     }
 
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ public class AsyncLogger extends Logger implements EventTranslatorVararg<RingBuf
                 // in the AsyncLogger#actualAsyncLog method
                 CONTEXT_DATA_INJECTOR.injectContextData(null, (StringMap) event.getContextData()),
                 contextStack, currentThread.getId(), threadName, currentThread.getPriority(), location,
-                CLOCK.currentTimeMillis(), nanoClock.nanoTime());
+                CLOCK, nanoClock);
     }
 
     /**

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEvent.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEvent.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEvent.java
index b0b023b..af06e47 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEvent.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEvent.java
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ContextDataFactory;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jLogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThrowableProxy;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Constants;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.*;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.ParameterizedMessage;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.ReusableMessage;
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public class RingBufferLogEvent implements LogEvent, ReusableMessage, CharSequen
 
     private int threadPriority;
     private long threadId;
-    private long currentTimeMillis;
+    private MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
     private long nanoTime;
     private short parameterCount;
     private boolean includeLocation;
@@ -92,18 +92,18 @@ public class RingBufferLogEvent implements LogEvent, ReusableMessage, CharSequen
     private transient AsyncLogger asyncLogger;
 
     public void setValues(final AsyncLogger anAsyncLogger, final String aLoggerName, final Marker aMarker,
-            final String theFqcn, final Level aLevel, final Message msg, final Throwable aThrowable,
-            final StringMap mutableContextData, final ContextStack aContextStack, final long threadId,
-            final String threadName, final int threadPriority, final StackTraceElement aLocation,
-            final long aCurrentTimeMillis, final long aNanoTime) {
+                          final String theFqcn, final Level aLevel, final Message msg, final Throwable aThrowable,
+                          final StringMap mutableContextData, final ContextStack aContextStack, final long threadId,
+                          final String threadName, final int threadPriority, final StackTraceElement aLocation,
+                          final Clock clock, final NanoClock nanoClock) {
         this.threadPriority = threadPriority;
         this.threadId = threadId;
-        this.currentTimeMillis = aCurrentTimeMillis;
-        this.nanoTime = aNanoTime;
         this.level = aLevel;
         this.threadName = threadName;
         this.loggerName = aLoggerName;
         setMessage(msg);
+        initTime(clock);
+        this.nanoTime = nanoClock.nanoTime();
         this.thrown = aThrowable;
         this.thrownProxy = null;
         this.marker = aMarker;
@@ -114,6 +114,14 @@ public class RingBufferLogEvent implements LogEvent, ReusableMessage, CharSequen
         this.asyncLogger = anAsyncLogger;
     }
 
+    private void initTime(final Clock clock) {
+        if (message instanceof TimestampMessage) {
+            instant.initFromEpochMilli(((TimestampMessage) message).getTimestamp(), 0);
+        } else {
+            instant.initFrom(clock);
+        }
+    }
+
     @Override
     public LogEvent toImmutable() {
         return createMemento();
@@ -367,7 +375,12 @@ public class RingBufferLogEvent implements LogEvent, ReusableMessage, CharSequen
 
     @Override
     public long getTimeMillis() {
-        return message instanceof TimestampMessage ? ((TimestampMessage) message).getTimestamp() :currentTimeMillis;
+        return message instanceof TimestampMessage ? ((TimestampMessage) message).getTimestamp() : instant.getEpochMillisecond();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Instant getInstant() {
+        return instant;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -443,7 +456,8 @@ public class RingBufferLogEvent implements LogEvent, ReusableMessage, CharSequen
                 .setThreadPriority(threadPriority) //
                 .setThrown(getThrown()) // may deserialize from thrownProxy
                 .setThrownProxy(thrownProxy) // avoid unnecessarily creating thrownProxy
-                .setTimeMillis(currentTimeMillis);
+                .setInstant(instant) //
+        ;
     }
 
 }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEventTranslator.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEventTranslator.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEventTranslator.java
index cb3e6ca..ec2ff1c 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEventTranslator.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/async/RingBufferLogEventTranslator.java
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext.ContextStack;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.ContextDataInjector;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ContextDataInjectorFactory;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Clock;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.NanoClock;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.StringMap;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
 
@@ -48,8 +50,8 @@ public class RingBufferLogEventTranslator implements
     private String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
     private int threadPriority = Thread.currentThread().getPriority();
     private StackTraceElement location;
-    private long currentTimeMillis;
-    private long nanoTime;
+    private Clock clock;
+    private NanoClock nanoClock;
 
     // @Override
     @Override
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ public class RingBufferLogEventTranslator implements
                 // config properties are taken care of in the EventHandler thread
                 // in the AsyncLogger#actualAsyncLog method
                 injector.injectContextData(null, (StringMap) event.getContextData()), contextStack,
-                threadId, threadName, threadPriority, location, currentTimeMillis, nanoTime);
+                threadId, threadName, threadPriority, location, clock, nanoClock);
 
         clear(); // clear the translator
     }
@@ -77,15 +79,15 @@ public class RingBufferLogEventTranslator implements
                 null, // t
                 null, // contextStack
                 null, // location
-                0, // currentTimeMillis
-                0 // nanoTime
+                null, // clock
+                null // nanoClock
         );
     }
 
     public void setBasicValues(final AsyncLogger anAsyncLogger, final String aLoggerName, final Marker aMarker,
-            final String theFqcn, final Level aLevel, final Message msg, final Throwable aThrowable,
-            final ContextStack aContextStack, final StackTraceElement aLocation,
-            final long aCurrentTimeMillis, final long aNanoTime) {
+                               final String theFqcn, final Level aLevel, final Message msg, final Throwable aThrowable,
+                               final ContextStack aContextStack, final StackTraceElement aLocation,
+                               final Clock aClock, final NanoClock aNanoClock) {
         this.asyncLogger = anAsyncLogger;
         this.loggerName = aLoggerName;
         this.marker = aMarker;
@@ -95,8 +97,8 @@ public class RingBufferLogEventTranslator implements
         this.thrown = aThrowable;
         this.contextStack = aContextStack;
         this.location = aLocation;
-        this.currentTimeMillis = aCurrentTimeMillis;
-        this.nanoTime = aNanoTime;
+        this.clock = aClock;
+        this.nanoClock = aNanoClock;
     }
 
     public void updateThreadValues() {

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/Log4jLogEvent.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/Log4jLogEvent.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/Log4jLogEvent.java
index 74ddaf6..7332531 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/Log4jLogEvent.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/Log4jLogEvent.java
@@ -29,15 +29,12 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.ContextDataInjector;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.*;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.ReadOnlyStringMap;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.async.RingBufferLogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Property;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Clock;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.ClockFactory;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.DummyNanoClock;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.NanoClock;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.LoggerNameAwareMessage;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.ReusableMessage;
@@ -63,7 +60,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
     private final Level level;
     private final String loggerName;
     private Message message;
-    private final long timeMillis;
+    private final MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
     private final transient Throwable thrown;
     private ThrowableProxy thrownProxy;
     private final StringMap contextData;
@@ -86,7 +83,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
         private String loggerName;
         private Message message;
         private Throwable thrown;
-        private long timeMillis = CLOCK.currentTimeMillis();
+        private MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
         private ThrowableProxy thrownProxy;
         private StringMap contextData = createContextData((List<Property>) null);
         private ThreadContext.ContextStack contextStack = ThreadContext.getImmutableStack();
@@ -116,7 +113,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
             this.level = other.getLevel();
             this.loggerName = other.getLoggerName();
             this.message = other.getMessage();
-            this.timeMillis = other.getTimeMillis();
+            this.instant.initFrom(other.getInstant());
             this.thrown = other.getThrown();
             this.contextStack = other.getContextStack();
             this.includeLocation = other.isIncludeLocation();
@@ -183,7 +180,12 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
         }
 
         public Builder setTimeMillis(final long timeMillis) {
-            this.timeMillis = timeMillis;
+            this.instant.initFromEpochMilli(timeMillis, 0);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder setInstant(final Instant instant) {
+            this.instant.initFrom(instant);
             return this;
         }
 
@@ -256,13 +258,20 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
 
         @Override
         public Log4jLogEvent build() {
+            initTimeFields();
             final Log4jLogEvent result = new Log4jLogEvent(loggerName, marker, loggerFqcn, level, message, thrown,
-                    thrownProxy, contextData, contextStack, threadId, threadName, threadPriority, source, timeMillis,
-                    nanoTime);
+                    thrownProxy, contextData, contextStack, threadId, threadName, threadPriority, source,
+                    instant.getEpochMillisecond(), instant.getNanoOfMillisecond(), nanoTime);
             result.setIncludeLocation(includeLocation);
             result.setEndOfBatch(endOfBatch);
             return result;
         }
+
+        private void initTimeFields() {
+            if (instant.getEpochMillisecond() == 0) {
+                instant.initFrom(CLOCK);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -275,7 +284,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
 
     public Log4jLogEvent() {
         this(Strings.EMPTY, null, Strings.EMPTY, null, null, (Throwable) null, null, null, null, 0, null,
-                0, null, CLOCK.currentTimeMillis(), nanoClock.nanoTime());
+                0, null, CLOCK.currentTimeMillis(), 0, nanoClock.nanoTime());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -285,7 +294,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
    @Deprecated
    public Log4jLogEvent(final long timestamp) {
        this(Strings.EMPTY, null, Strings.EMPTY, null, null, (Throwable) null, null, null, null, 0, null,
-               0, null, timestamp, nanoClock.nanoTime());
+               0, null, timestamp, 0, nanoClock.nanoTime());
    }
 
    /**
@@ -325,7 +334,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
            null, // LOG4J2-628 use log4j.Clock for timestamps
            // LOG4J2-744 unless TimestampMessage already has one
            message instanceof TimestampMessage ? ((TimestampMessage) message).getTimestamp() :
-               CLOCK.currentTimeMillis(), nanoClock.nanoTime());
+               CLOCK.currentTimeMillis(), 0, nanoClock.nanoTime());
    }
 
    /**
@@ -349,7 +358,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
                         final ThreadContext.ContextStack ndc, final String threadName,
                         final StackTraceElement location, final long timestampMillis) {
        this(loggerName, marker, loggerFQCN, level, message, t, null, createContextData(mdc), ndc, 0,
-               threadName, 0, location, timestampMillis, nanoClock.nanoTime());
+               threadName, 0, location, timestampMillis, 0, nanoClock.nanoTime());
    }
 
    /**
@@ -377,7 +386,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
                                             final String threadName, final StackTraceElement location,
                                             final long timestamp) {
         final Log4jLogEvent result = new Log4jLogEvent(loggerName, marker, loggerFQCN, level, message, thrown,
-                thrownProxy, createContextData(mdc), ndc, 0, threadName, 0, location, timestamp, nanoClock.nanoTime());
+                thrownProxy, createContextData(mdc), ndc, 0, threadName, 0, location, timestamp, 0, nanoClock.nanoTime());
         return result;
     }
 
@@ -397,6 +406,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
      * @param threadPriority the thread priority
      * @param source The locations of the caller.
      * @param timestampMillis The timestamp of the event.
+     * @param nanoOfMillisecond the nanoseconds within the millisecond, always positive, never exceeds {@code 999,999}
      * @param nanoTime The value of the running Java Virtual Machine's high-resolution time source when the event was
      *          created.
      */
@@ -404,7 +414,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
             final Message message, final Throwable thrown, final ThrowableProxy thrownProxy,
             final StringMap contextData, final ThreadContext.ContextStack contextStack, final long threadId,
             final String threadName, final int threadPriority, final StackTraceElement source,
-            final long timestampMillis, final long nanoTime) {
+            final long timestampMillis, final int nanoOfMillisecond, final long nanoTime) {
         this.loggerName = loggerName;
         this.marker = marker;
         this.loggerFqcn = loggerFQCN;
@@ -414,9 +424,10 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
         this.thrownProxy = thrownProxy;
         this.contextData = contextData == null ? ContextDataFactory.createContextData() : contextData;
         this.contextStack = contextStack == null ? ThreadContext.EMPTY_STACK : contextStack;
-        this.timeMillis = message instanceof TimestampMessage
+        long millis = message instanceof TimestampMessage
                 ? ((TimestampMessage) message).getTimestamp()
                 : timestampMillis;
+        this.instant.initFromEpochMilli(millis, nanoOfMillisecond);
         this.threadId = threadId;
         this.threadName = threadName;
         this.threadPriority = threadPriority;
@@ -539,12 +550,20 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the time in milliseconds from the epoch when the event occurred.
-     * @return The time the event occurred.
+     * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     public long getTimeMillis() {
-        return timeMillis;
+        return instant.getEpochMillisecond();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     * @since 2.11
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Instant getInstant() {
+        return instant;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -707,7 +726,8 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
             final Log4jLogEvent result = new Log4jLogEvent(proxy.loggerName, proxy.marker,
                     proxy.loggerFQCN, proxy.level, proxy.message,
                     proxy.thrown, proxy.thrownProxy, proxy.contextData, proxy.contextStack, proxy.threadId,
-                    proxy.threadName, proxy.threadPriority, proxy.source, proxy.timeMillis, proxy.nanoTime);
+                    proxy.threadName, proxy.threadPriority, proxy.source, proxy.timeMillis, proxy.nanoOfMillisecond,
+                    proxy.nanoTime);
             result.setEndOfBatch(proxy.isEndOfBatch);
             result.setIncludeLocation(proxy.isLocationRequired);
             return result;
@@ -759,7 +779,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
         if (includeLocation != that.includeLocation) {
             return false;
         }
-        if (timeMillis != that.timeMillis) {
+        if (!instant.equals(that.instant)) {
             return false;
         }
         if (nanoTime != that.nanoTime) {
@@ -816,7 +836,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
         result = 31 * result + (level != null ? level.hashCode() : 0);
         result = 31 * result + loggerName.hashCode();
         result = 31 * result + message.hashCode();
-        result = 31 * result + (int) (timeMillis ^ (timeMillis >>> 32));
+        result = 31 * result + instant.hashCode();
         result = 31 * result + (int) (nanoTime ^ (nanoTime >>> 32));
         result = 31 * result + (thrown != null ? thrown.hashCode() : 0);
         result = 31 * result + (thrownProxy != null ? thrownProxy.hashCode() : 0);
@@ -849,6 +869,8 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
         /** since 2.8 */
         private String messageString;
         private final long timeMillis;
+        /** since 2.11 */
+        private final int nanoOfMillisecond;
         private final transient Throwable thrown;
         private final ThrowableProxy thrownProxy;
         /** @since 2.7 */
@@ -873,7 +895,8 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
             this.message = event.message instanceof ReusableMessage
                     ? memento((ReusableMessage) event.message)
                     : event.message;
-            this.timeMillis = event.timeMillis;
+            this.timeMillis = event.instant.getEpochMillisecond();
+            this.nanoOfMillisecond = event.instant.getNanoOfMillisecond();
             this.thrown = event.thrown;
             this.thrownProxy = event.thrownProxy;
             this.contextData = event.contextData;
@@ -897,7 +920,8 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
             message = temp instanceof ReusableMessage
                     ? memento((ReusableMessage) temp)
                     : temp;
-            this.timeMillis = event.getTimeMillis();
+            this.timeMillis = event.getInstant().getEpochMillisecond();
+            this.nanoOfMillisecond = event.getInstant().getNanoOfMillisecond();
             this.thrown = event.getThrown();
             this.thrownProxy = event.getThrownProxy();
             this.contextData = memento(event.getContextData());
@@ -942,7 +966,7 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
         protected Object readResolve() {
             final Log4jLogEvent result = new Log4jLogEvent(loggerName, marker, loggerFQCN, level, message(), thrown,
                     thrownProxy, contextData, contextStack, threadId, threadName, threadPriority, source, timeMillis,
-                    nanoTime);
+                    nanoOfMillisecond, nanoTime);
             result.setEndOfBatch(isEndOfBatch);
             result.setIncludeLocation(isLocationRequired);
             return result;
@@ -959,5 +983,4 @@ public class Log4jLogEvent implements LogEvent {
             return new SimpleMessage(messageString);
         }
     }
-
 }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/MutableLogEvent.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/MutableLogEvent.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/MutableLogEvent.java
index acc31b3..ec807d3 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/MutableLogEvent.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/MutableLogEvent.java
@@ -26,11 +26,8 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.async.InternalAsyncUtil;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Constants;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.ParameterizedMessage;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.ReusableMessage;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.SimpleMessage;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.*;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.*;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.ReadOnlyStringMap;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.StackLocatorUtil;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.StringBuilders;
@@ -46,7 +43,7 @@ public class MutableLogEvent implements LogEvent, ReusableMessage {
 
     private int threadPriority;
     private long threadId;
-    private long timeMillis;
+    private MutableInstant instant = new MutableInstant();
     private long nanoTime;
     private short parameterCount;
     private boolean includeLocation;
@@ -95,10 +92,11 @@ public class MutableLogEvent implements LogEvent, ReusableMessage {
         this.marker = event.getMarker();
         this.level = event.getLevel();
         this.loggerName = event.getLoggerName();
-        this.timeMillis = event.getTimeMillis();
         this.thrown = event.getThrown();
         this.thrownProxy = event.getThrownProxy();
 
+        this.instant.initFrom(event.getInstant());
+
         // NOTE: this ringbuffer event SHOULD NOT keep a reference to the specified
         // thread-local MutableLogEvent's context data, because then two threads would call
         // ReadOnlyStringMap.clear() on the same shared instance, resulting in data corruption.
@@ -307,13 +305,27 @@ public class MutableLogEvent implements LogEvent, ReusableMessage {
         this.thrown = thrown;
     }
 
+    void initTime(final Clock clock, final NanoClock nanoClock) {
+        if (message instanceof TimestampMessage) {
+            instant.initFromEpochMilli(((TimestampMessage) message).getTimestamp(), 0);
+        } else {
+            instant.initFrom(clock);
+        }
+        nanoTime = nanoClock.nanoTime();
+    }
+
     @Override
     public long getTimeMillis() {
-        return timeMillis;
+        return instant.getEpochMillisecond();
     }
 
     public void setTimeMillis(final long timeMillis) {
-        this.timeMillis = timeMillis;
+        this.instant.initFromEpochMilli(timeMillis, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Instant getInstant() {
+        return instant;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -468,7 +480,8 @@ public class MutableLogEvent implements LogEvent, ReusableMessage {
                 .setThreadPriority(threadPriority) //
                 .setThrown(getThrown()) // may deserialize from thrownProxy
                 .setThrownProxy(thrownProxy) // avoid unnecessarily creating thrownProxy
-                .setTimeMillis(timeMillis);
+                .setInstant(instant) //
+        ;
     }
 
     private Message getNonNullImmutableMessage() {

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/ReusableLogEventFactory.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/ReusableLogEventFactory.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/ReusableLogEventFactory.java
index bef1b8d..0ecefed 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/ReusableLogEventFactory.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/impl/ReusableLogEventFactory.java
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Property;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Clock;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.ClockFactory;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.TimestampMessage;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.StringMap;
 
 /**
@@ -79,13 +78,10 @@ public class ReusableLogEventFactory implements LogEventFactory {
         result.setLoggerFqcn(fqcn);
         result.setLevel(level == null ? Level.OFF : level);
         result.setMessage(message);
+        result.initTime(CLOCK, Log4jLogEvent.getNanoClock());
         result.setThrown(t);
         result.setContextData(injector.injectContextData(properties, (StringMap) result.getContextData()));
         result.setContextStack(ThreadContext.getDepth() == 0 ? ThreadContext.EMPTY_STACK : ThreadContext.cloneStack());// mutable copy
-        result.setTimeMillis(message instanceof TimestampMessage
-                ? ((TimestampMessage) message).getTimestamp()
-                : CLOCK.currentTimeMillis());
-        result.setNanoTime(Log4jLogEvent.getNanoClock().nanoTime());
 
         if (THREAD_NAME_CACHING_STRATEGY == ThreadNameCachingStrategy.UNCACHED) {
             result.setThreadName(Thread.currentThread().getName()); // Thread.getName() allocates Objects on each call

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/Initializers.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/Initializers.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/Initializers.java
index 65c8438..18e30e2 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/Initializers.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/Initializers.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.ObjectMessage;
 
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.Module.SetupContext;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.module.SimpleModule;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
 
 /**
  * Initialization utils.
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ class Initializers {
             // Log4j API classes: we do not want to edit those with Jackson annotations because the API module should not depend on Jackson.
             context.setMixInAnnotations(Marker.class, MarkerMixIn.class);
             context.setMixInAnnotations(Level.class, LevelMixIn.class);
+            context.setMixInAnnotations(Instant.class, InstantMixIn.class);
             context.setMixInAnnotations(LogEvent.class, LogEventWithContextListMixIn.class);
             // Log4j Core classes: we do not want to bring in Jackson at runtime if we do not have to.
             context.setMixInAnnotations(ExtendedStackTraceElement.class, ExtendedStackTraceElementMixIn.class);
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ class Initializers {
             // Log4j API classes: we do not want to edit those with Jackson annotations because the API module should not depend on Jackson.
             context.setMixInAnnotations(Marker.class, MarkerMixIn.class);
             context.setMixInAnnotations(Level.class, LevelMixIn.class);
+            context.setMixInAnnotations(Instant.class, InstantMixIn.class);
             context.setMixInAnnotations(LogEvent.class, LogEventJsonMixIn.class); // different ThreadContext handling
             // Log4j Core classes: we do not want to bring in Jackson at runtime if we do not have to.
             context.setMixInAnnotations(ExtendedStackTraceElement.class, ExtendedStackTraceElementMixIn.class);

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/InstantMixIn.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/InstantMixIn.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/InstantMixIn.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44b9a6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/InstantMixIn.java
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.jackson;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonCreator;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonValue;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.annotation.JacksonXmlProperty;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
+
+/**
+ * Jackson mix-in for {@link Instant}.
+ * <p>
+ * <em>Consider this class private.</em>
+ * </p>
+ * @see Marker
+ */
+@JsonIgnoreProperties({ "epochMillisecond", "nanoOfMillisecond" })
+abstract class InstantMixIn {
+
+    @JsonCreator
+    InstantMixIn(
+            // @formatter:off
+            @JsonProperty("epochSecond") final long epochSecond,
+            @JsonProperty("nanoOfSecond") final int nanoOfSecond)
+            // @formatter:on
+    {
+        // empty
+    }
+
+    @JsonProperty("epochSecond")
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "epochSecond", isAttribute = true)
+    abstract long getEpochSecond();
+
+    @JsonProperty("nanoOfSecond")
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "nanoOfSecond", isAttribute = true)
+    abstract int getNanoOfSecond();
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/JsonConstants.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/JsonConstants.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/JsonConstants.java
index 8e9ed2c..bb9898d 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/JsonConstants.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/JsonConstants.java
@@ -31,4 +31,5 @@ public final class JsonConstants {
     public static final String ELT_MESSAGE = "message";
     public static final String ELT_EXTENDED_STACK_TRACE = "extendedStackTrace";
     public static final String ELT_NANO_TIME = "nanoTime";
+    public static final String ELT_INSTANT = "instant";
 }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/LogEventJsonMixIn.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/LogEventJsonMixIn.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/LogEventJsonMixIn.java
index b659e9b..6c27295 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/LogEventJsonMixIn.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/LogEventJsonMixIn.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext.ContextStack;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.ReadOnlyStringMap;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThrowableProxy;
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.annotation.JacksonXmlRootElement;
 @JsonRootName(XmlConstants.ELT_EVENT)
 @JacksonXmlRootElement(namespace = XmlConstants.XML_NAMESPACE, localName = XmlConstants.ELT_EVENT)
 @JsonFilter("org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jLogEvent")
-@JsonPropertyOrder({ "timeMillis", "threadName", "level", "loggerName", "marker", "message", "thrown", XmlConstants.ELT_CONTEXT_MAP,
+@JsonPropertyOrder({ "timeMillis", XmlConstants.ELT_INSTANT, "threadName", "level", "loggerName", "marker", "message", "thrown", XmlConstants.ELT_CONTEXT_MAP,
         JsonConstants.ELT_CONTEXT_STACK, "loggerFQCN", "Source", "endOfBatch" })
 abstract class LogEventJsonMixIn implements LogEvent {
 
@@ -126,11 +127,17 @@ abstract class LogEventJsonMixIn implements LogEvent {
     @Override
     public abstract ThrowableProxy getThrownProxy();
 
-    @JsonProperty()
-    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true)
+    @JsonIgnore // ignore from 2.11
+//    @JsonProperty()
+//    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true)
     @Override
     public abstract long getTimeMillis();
 
+    @JsonProperty(JsonConstants.ELT_INSTANT)
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(namespace = XmlConstants.XML_NAMESPACE, localName = XmlConstants.ELT_INSTANT)
+    @Override
+    public abstract Instant getInstant();
+
     @JsonProperty()
     @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true)
     @Override

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/LogEventWithContextListMixIn.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/LogEventWithContextListMixIn.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/LogEventWithContextListMixIn.java
index 176d82d..b71fcfc 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/LogEventWithContextListMixIn.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/LogEventWithContextListMixIn.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext.ContextStack;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.ReadOnlyStringMap;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThrowableProxy;
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.annotation.JacksonXmlRootElement;
 @JsonRootName(XmlConstants.ELT_EVENT)
 @JacksonXmlRootElement(namespace = XmlConstants.XML_NAMESPACE, localName = XmlConstants.ELT_EVENT)
 @JsonFilter("org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jLogEvent")
-@JsonPropertyOrder({ "timeMillis", "threadName", "level", "loggerName", "marker", "message", "thrown", XmlConstants.ELT_CONTEXT_MAP,
+@JsonPropertyOrder({ "timeMillis", XmlConstants.ELT_INSTANT, "threadName", "level", "loggerName", "marker", "message", "thrown", XmlConstants.ELT_CONTEXT_MAP,
         JsonConstants.ELT_CONTEXT_STACK, "loggerFQCN", "Source", "endOfBatch" })
 abstract class LogEventWithContextListMixIn implements LogEvent {
 
@@ -125,11 +126,17 @@ abstract class LogEventWithContextListMixIn implements LogEvent {
     @Override
     public abstract ThrowableProxy getThrownProxy();
 
-    @JsonProperty()
-    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true)
+    @JsonIgnore // ignore from 2.11
+//    @JsonProperty()
+//    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true)
     @Override
     public abstract long getTimeMillis();
 
+    @JsonProperty(JsonConstants.ELT_INSTANT)
+    @JacksonXmlProperty(namespace = XmlConstants.XML_NAMESPACE, localName = XmlConstants.ELT_INSTANT)
+    @Override
+    public abstract Instant getInstant();
+
     @JsonProperty()
     @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true)
     @Override

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/XmlConstants.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/XmlConstants.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/XmlConstants.java
index c3b03cc..0871440 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/XmlConstants.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jackson/XmlConstants.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ public final class XmlConstants {
     public static final String ELT_EVENT = "Event";
     public static final String ELT_EXTENDED_STACK_TRACE = "ExtendedStackTrace";
     public static final String ELT_EXTENDED_STACK_TRACE_ITEM = "ExtendedStackTraceItem";
+    public static final String ELT_INSTANT = "Instant";
     public static final String ELT_MARKER = "Marker";
     public static final String ELT_MESSAGE = "Message";
     public static final String ELT_PARENTS = "Parents";

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/a07d6ba4/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/pattern/DatePatternConverter.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/pattern/DatePatternConverter.java b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/pattern/DatePatternConverter.java
index 732acf8..aa49ee4 100644
--- a/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/pattern/DatePatternConverter.java
+++ b/log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/pattern/DatePatternConverter.java
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.Plugin;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Constants;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Instant;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.MutableInstant;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.datetime.FastDateFormat;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.datetime.FixedDateFormat;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.datetime.FixedDateFormat.FixedFormat;
@@ -40,10 +42,11 @@ public final class DatePatternConverter extends LogEventPatternConverter impleme
 
     private abstract static class Formatter {
         long previousTime; // for ThreadLocal caching mode
+        int nanos;
 
-        abstract String format(long timeMillis);
+        abstract String format(final Instant instant);
 
-        abstract void formatToBuffer(long timeMillis, StringBuilder destination);
+        abstract void formatToBuffer(final Instant instant, StringBuilder destination);
 
         public String toPattern() {
             return null;
@@ -61,12 +64,13 @@ public final class DatePatternConverter extends LogEventPatternConverter impleme
         }
 
         @Override
-        String format(final long timeMillis) {
-            return fastDateFormat.format(timeMillis);
+        String format(final Instant instant) {
+            return fastDateFormat.format(instant.getEpochMillisecond());
         }
 
         @Override
-        void formatToBuffer(final long timeMillis, final StringBuilder destination) {
+        void formatToBuffer(final Instant instant, final StringBuilder destination) {
+            final long timeMillis = instant.getEpochMillisecond();
             if (previousTime != timeMillis) {
                 cachedBuffer.setLength(0);
                 fastDateFormat.format(timeMillis, cachedBuffer);
@@ -92,14 +96,18 @@ public final class DatePatternConverter extends LogEventPatternConverter impleme
         }
 
         @Override
-        String format(final long timeMillis) {
-            return fixedDateFormat.format(timeMillis);
+        String format(final Instant instant) {
+            return fixedDateFormat.formatInstant(instant);
         }
 
         @Override
-        void formatToBuffer(final long timeMillis, final StringBuilder destination) {
-            if (previousTime != timeMillis) {
-                length = fixedDateFormat.format(timeMillis, cachedBuffer, 0);
+        void formatToBuffer(final Instant instant, final StringBuilder destination) {
+            final long epochSecond = instant.getEpochSecond();
+            final int nanoOfSecond = instant.getNanoOfSecond();
+            if (previousTime != epochSecond && nanos != nanoOfSecond) {
+                length = fixedDateFormat.formatInstant(instant, cachedBuffer, 0);
+                previousTime = epochSecond;
+                nanos = nanoOfSecond;
             }
             destination.append(cachedBuffer, 0, length);
         }
@@ -113,36 +121,38 @@ public final class DatePatternConverter extends LogEventPatternConverter impleme
     private static final class UnixFormatter extends Formatter {
 
         @Override
-        String format(final long timeMillis) {
-            return Long.toString(timeMillis / 1000);
+        String format(final Instant instant) {
+            return Long.toString(instant.getEpochSecond());
         }
 
         @Override
-        void formatToBuffer(final long timeMillis, final StringBuilder destination) {
-            destination.append(timeMillis / 1000); // no need for caching
+        void formatToBuffer(final Instant instant, final StringBuilder destination) {
+            destination.append(instant.getEpochSecond()); // no need for caching
         }
     }
 
     private static final class UnixMillisFormatter extends Formatter {
 
         @Override
-        String format(final long timeMillis) {
-            return Long.toString(timeMillis);
+        String format(final Instant instant) {
+            return Long.toString(instant.getEpochMillisecond());
         }
 
         @Override
-        void formatToBuffer(final long timeMillis, final StringBuilder destination) {
-            destination.append(timeMillis); // no need for caching
+        void formatToBuffer(final Instant instant, final StringBuilder destination) {
+            destination.append(instant.getEpochMillisecond()); // no need for caching
         }
     }
 
     private final class CachedTime {
-        public long timestampMillis;
+        public long epochSecond;
+        public int nanoOfSecond;
         public String formatted;
 
-        public CachedTime(final long timestampMillis) {
-            this.timestampMillis = timestampMillis;
-            this.formatted = formatter.format(this.timestampMillis);
+        public CachedTime(final Instant instant) {
+            this.epochSecond = instant.getEpochSecond();
+            this.nanoOfSecond = instant.getNanoOfSecond();
+            this.formatted = formatter.format(instant);
         }
     }
 
@@ -157,6 +167,7 @@ public final class DatePatternConverter extends LogEventPatternConverter impleme
     private static final String UNIX_MILLIS_FORMAT = "UNIX_MILLIS";
 
     private final String[] options;
+    private final ThreadLocal<MutableInstant> threadLocalMutableInstant = new ThreadLocal<>();
     private final ThreadLocal<Formatter> threadLocalFormatter = new ThreadLocal<>();
     private final AtomicReference<CachedTime> cachedTime;
     private final Formatter formatter;
@@ -170,7 +181,13 @@ public final class DatePatternConverter extends LogEventPatternConverter impleme
         super("Date", "date");
         this.options = options == null ? null : Arrays.copyOf(options, options.length);
         this.formatter = createFormatter(options);
-        cachedTime = new AtomicReference<>(new CachedTime(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+        cachedTime = new AtomicReference<>(fromEpochMillis(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+    }
+
+    private CachedTime fromEpochMillis(long epochMillis) {
+        final MutableInstant temp = new MutableInstant();
+        temp.initFromEpochMilli(epochMillis, 0);
+        return new CachedTime(temp);
     }
 
     private Formatter createFormatter(final String[] options) {
@@ -245,19 +262,38 @@ public final class DatePatternConverter extends LogEventPatternConverter impleme
      */
     @Override
     public void format(final LogEvent event, final StringBuilder output) {
-        format(event.getTimeMillis(), output);
+        format(event.getInstant(), output);
+    }
+
+    public void format(final long epochMilli, final StringBuilder output) {
+        MutableInstant instant = getMutableInstant();
+        instant.initFromEpochMilli(epochMilli, 0);
+        format(instant, output);
+    }
+
+    private MutableInstant getMutableInstant() {
+        if (Constants.ENABLE_THREADLOCALS) {
+            MutableInstant result = threadLocalMutableInstant.get();
+            if (result == null) {
+                result = new MutableInstant();
+                threadLocalMutableInstant.set(result);
+            }
+            return result;
+        } else {
+            return new MutableInstant();
+        }
     }
 
-    public void format(final long timestampMillis, final StringBuilder output) {
+    public void format(final Instant instant, final StringBuilder output) {
         if (Constants.ENABLE_THREADLOCALS) {
-            formatWithoutAllocation(timestampMillis, output);
+            formatWithoutAllocation(instant, output);
         } else {
-            formatWithoutThreadLocals(timestampMillis, output);
+            formatWithoutThreadLocals(instant, output);
         }
     }
 
-    private void formatWithoutAllocation(final long timestampMillis, final StringBuilder output) {
-        getThreadLocalFormatter().formatToBuffer(timestampMillis, output);
+    private void formatWithoutAllocation(final Instant instant, final StringBuilder output) {
+        getThreadLocalFormatter().formatToBuffer(instant, output);
     }
 
     private Formatter getThreadLocalFormatter() {
@@ -269,10 +305,10 @@ public final class DatePatternConverter extends LogEventPatternConverter impleme
         return result;
     }
 
-    private void formatWithoutThreadLocals(final long timestampMillis, final StringBuilder output) {
+    private void formatWithoutThreadLocals(final Instant instant, final StringBuilder output) {
         CachedTime cached = cachedTime.get();
-        if (timestampMillis != cached.timestampMillis) {
-            final CachedTime newTime = new CachedTime(timestampMillis);
+        if (instant.getEpochSecond() != cached.epochSecond || instant.getNanoOfSecond() != cached.nanoOfSecond) {
+            final CachedTime newTime = new CachedTime(instant);
             if (cachedTime.compareAndSet(cached, newTime)) {
                 cached = newTime;
             } else {