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Posted to commits@camel.apache.org by da...@apache.org on 2020/11/26 10:14:51 UTC

[camel] branch master updated: CAMEL-15704: camel-csimple - Compiled simple language.

This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

davsclaus pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/camel.git


The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/master by this push:
     new a5a1308  CAMEL-15704: camel-csimple - Compiled simple language.
a5a1308 is described below

commit a5a1308b95dcdfec0f67e0d9664b5079c77652ba
Author: Claus Ibsen <cl...@gmail.com>
AuthorDate: Thu Nov 26 11:14:00 2020 +0100

    CAMEL-15704: camel-csimple - Compiled simple language.
---
 .../language/csimple/joor/OriginalSimpleTest.java  | 2071 ++++++++++++++++++++
 .../modules/languages/pages/csimple-language.adoc  |   11 +
 .../language/csimple/CSimpleCodeGenerator.java     |    8 +
 .../camel/language/csimple/CSimpleHelper.java      |   19 +
 .../camel/language/csimple/CSimpleLanguage.java    |   44 +-
 .../camel/language/csimple/CSimpleSupport.java     |    3 +
 .../simple/ast/SimpleFunctionExpression.java       |    6 +-
 7 files changed, 2147 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/components/camel-csimple-joor/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/joor/OriginalSimpleTest.java b/components/camel-csimple-joor/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/joor/OriginalSimpleTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac83df0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/components/camel-csimple-joor/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/joor/OriginalSimpleTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,2071 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.camel.language.csimple.joor;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+import org.apache.camel.BindToRegistry;
+import org.apache.camel.CamelAuthorizationException;
+import org.apache.camel.CamelContext;
+import org.apache.camel.CamelExecutionException;
+import org.apache.camel.Exchange;
+import org.apache.camel.ExchangePattern;
+import org.apache.camel.Expression;
+import org.apache.camel.ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException;
+import org.apache.camel.ExtendedExchange;
+import org.apache.camel.InvalidPayloadException;
+import org.apache.camel.Predicate;
+import org.apache.camel.component.bean.MethodNotFoundException;
+import org.apache.camel.language.bean.RuntimeBeanExpressionException;
+import org.apache.camel.language.csimple.CSimpleLanguage;
+import org.apache.camel.language.simple.types.SimpleIllegalSyntaxException;
+import org.apache.camel.spi.Language;
+import org.apache.camel.test.junit5.LanguageTestSupport;
+import org.apache.camel.util.InetAddressUtil;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.apache.camel.test.junit5.TestSupport.assertIsInstanceOf;
+import static org.apache.camel.test.junit5.TestSupport.getJavaMajorVersion;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+@Disabled("TODO")
+public class OriginalSimpleTest extends LanguageTestSupport {
+
+    private static final String JAVA8_INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG = "Index: 2, Size: 2";
+    private static final String INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG = "Index 2 out of bounds for length 2";
+
+    @BindToRegistry
+    private Animal myAnimal = new Animal("Donkey", 17);
+
+    @Override
+    protected CamelContext createCamelContext() throws Exception {
+        CamelContext context = super.createCamelContext();
+        CSimpleLanguage cs = (CSimpleLanguage) context.resolveLanguage("csimple");
+        cs.addImport("org.apache.camel.language.csimple.joor.OriginalSimpleTest");
+        return context;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleExpressionOrPredicate() throws Exception {
+        Predicate predicate = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createPredicate("${header.bar} == 123");
+        assertTrue(predicate.matches(exchange));
+
+        predicate = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createPredicate("${header.bar} == 124");
+        assertFalse(predicate.matches(exchange));
+
+        Expression expression = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${body}");
+        assertEquals("<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>", expression.evaluate(exchange, String.class));
+
+        expression = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${body}");
+        assertEquals("<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>", expression.evaluate(exchange, String.class));
+        expression = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${body}");
+        assertEquals("<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>", expression.evaluate(exchange, String.class));
+
+        predicate = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createPredicate("${header.bar} == 123");
+        assertEquals(Boolean.TRUE, predicate.matches(exchange));
+        predicate = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createPredicate("${header.bar} == 124");
+        assertEquals(Boolean.FALSE, predicate.matches(exchange));
+        predicate = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createPredicate("${header.bar} == 123");
+        assertEquals(Boolean.TRUE, predicate.matches(exchange));
+        predicate = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createPredicate("${header.bar} == 124");
+        assertEquals(Boolean.FALSE, predicate.matches(exchange));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testResultType() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(123, context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${header.bar}").evaluate(exchange, int.class));
+        assertEquals("123",
+                context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${header.bar}").evaluate(exchange, String.class));
+        // should not be possible
+        assertEquals(null, context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${header.bar}").evaluate(exchange, Date.class));
+        assertEquals(null,
+                context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${header.unknown}").evaluate(exchange, String.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRefExpression() throws Exception {
+        assertExpressionResultInstanceOf("${ref:myAnimal}", Animal.class);
+
+        assertExpression("${ref:myAnimal}", "Donkey");
+        assertExpression("${ref:unknown}", null);
+        assertExpression("Hello ${ref:myAnimal}", "Hello Donkey");
+        assertExpression("Hello ${ref:unknown}", "Hello null");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstantExpression() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("Hello World", "Hello World");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNull() throws Exception {
+        assertNull(context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${null}").evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleFileDir() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("file:mydir", "file:mydir");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyExpression() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("", "");
+        try {
+            assertExpression(null, null);
+            fail("Should have thrown exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            assertEquals("expression must be specified", e.getMessage());
+        }
+
+        assertPredicate("", false);
+        assertPredicate(" ", false);
+        try {
+            assertPredicate(null, false);
+            fail("Should have thrown exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            assertEquals("expression must be specified", e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExchangeExpression() throws Exception {
+        Expression exp = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${exchange}");
+        assertNotNull(exp);
+        assertEquals(exchange, exp.evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
+
+        assertExpression("${exchange}", exchange);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExchangeOgnlExpression() throws Exception {
+        Expression exp = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${exchange.exchangeId}");
+        assertNotNull(exp);
+        assertEquals(exchange.getExchangeId(), exp.evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
+
+        assertExpression("${exchange.exchangeId}", exchange.getExchangeId());
+        assertExpression("${exchange.class.name}", "org.apache.camel.support.DefaultExchange");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyExpression() throws Exception {
+        Expression exp = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${body}");
+        assertNotNull(exp);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOgnlExpression() throws Exception {
+        Expression exp = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${body.toString()}");
+        assertNotNull(exp);
+
+        try {
+            context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${body.xxx}");
+            fail("Should throw exception");
+        } catch (JoorCSimpleCompilationException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+
+        // must start with a dot
+        try {
+            context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${bodyxxx}");
+            fail("Should throw exception");
+        } catch (SimpleIllegalSyntaxException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyExpressionUsingAlternativeStartToken() throws Exception {
+        Expression exp = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("$simple{body}");
+        assertNotNull(exp);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyExpressionNotStringType() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(123);
+        Expression exp = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${body}");
+        assertNotNull(exp);
+        Object val = exp.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);
+        assertIsInstanceOf(Integer.class, val);
+        assertEquals(123, val);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyExpressionWithArray() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(new MyClass());
+        Expression exp = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${bodyAs(OriginalSimpleTest.MyClass).myArray}");
+        assertNotNull(exp);
+        Object val = exp.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);
+        assertIsInstanceOf(Object[].class, val);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleExpressions() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("${exchangeId}", exchange.getExchangeId());
+        assertExpression("${id}", exchange.getIn().getMessageId());
+        assertExpression("${body}", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
+        assertExpression("${in.body}", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
+        assertExpression("${in.header.foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${in.headers.foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${header.foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${headers.foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${routeId}", exchange.getFromRouteId());
+        exchange.adapt(ExtendedExchange.class).setFromRouteId("myRouteId");
+        assertExpression("${routeId}", "myRouteId");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTrimSimpleExpressions() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression(" \t${exchangeId}\n".trim(), exchange.getExchangeId());
+        assertExpression("\n${id}\r".trim(), exchange.getIn().getMessageId());
+        assertExpression("\t\r ${body}".trim(), "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
+        assertExpression("\n${in.body}\r".trim(), "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleThreadName() throws Exception {
+        String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
+        assertExpression("${threadName}", name);
+        assertExpression("The name is ${threadName}", "The name is " + name);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleHostname() throws Exception {
+        String name = InetAddressUtil.getLocalHostNameSafe();
+        assertExpression("${hostname}", name);
+        assertExpression("The host is ${hostname}", "The host is " + name);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleStepId() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("${stepId}", null);
+        exchange.setProperty(Exchange.STEP_ID, "foo");
+        assertExpression("${stepId}", "foo");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleExchangePropertyExpressions() throws Exception {
+        exchange.setProperty("medal", "gold");
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.medal}", "gold");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleSystemPropertyExpressions() throws Exception {
+        System.setProperty("who", "I was here");
+        assertExpression("${sys.who}", "I was here");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleSystemEnvironmentExpressions() throws Exception {
+        String path = System.getenv("PATH");
+        if (path != null) {
+            assertExpression("${sysenv.PATH}", path);
+            assertExpression("${sysenv:PATH}", path);
+            assertExpression("${env.PATH}", path);
+            assertExpression("${env:PATH}", path);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleSystemEnvironmentExpressionsIfDash() throws Exception {
+        String foo = System.getenv("FOO_SERVICE_HOST");
+        if (foo != null) {
+            assertExpression("${sysenv.FOO-SERVICE-HOST}", foo);
+            assertExpression("${sysenv:FOO-SERVICE-HOST}", foo);
+            assertExpression("${env.FOO-SERVICE-HOST}", foo);
+            assertExpression("${env:FOO-SERVICE-HOST}", foo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleSystemEnvironmentExpressionsIfLowercase() throws Exception {
+        String path = System.getenv("PATH");
+        if (path != null) {
+            assertExpression("${sysenv.path}", path);
+            assertExpression("${sysenv:path}", path);
+            assertExpression("${env.path}", path);
+            assertExpression("${env:path}", path);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleCamelId() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("${camelId}", context.getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLBodyListAndMap() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("cool", "Camel rocks");
+        map.put("dude", "Hey dude");
+        map.put("code", 4321);
+
+        List<Map<String, Object>> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(map);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);
+
+        // TODO: helper to get value from map/list/collection
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0][cool]}", "Camel rocks");
+        assertExpression("${body[0][cool]}", "Camel rocks");
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0][code]}", 4321);
+        assertExpression("${body[0][code]}", 4321);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLBodyEmptyList() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, List<String>> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("list", new ArrayList<String>());
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(map);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body?.get('list')[0].toString}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLBodyExpression() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("hello world");
+        assertPredicate("${body} == 'hello world'", true);
+        assertPredicate("${body.toUpperCase()} == 'HELLO WORLD'", true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLBodyAsExpression() throws Exception {
+        byte[] body = "hello world".getBytes();
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(body);
+
+        // there is no upper case method on byte array, but we can convert to
+        // String as below
+        try {
+            assertPredicate("${body.toUpperCase()} == 'HELLO WORLD'", true);
+            fail("Should throw exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            MethodNotFoundException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(MethodNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertEquals("toUpperCase()", cause.getMethodName());
+        }
+
+        assertPredicate("${bodyAs(String)} == 'hello world'", true);
+        assertPredicate("${bodyAs(String).toUpperCase()} == 'HELLO WORLD'", true);
+
+        // and body on exchange should not be changed
+        assertSame(body, exchange.getIn().getBody());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLMandatoryBodyAsExpression() throws Exception {
+        byte[] body = "hello world".getBytes();
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(body);
+
+        // there is no upper case method on byte array, but we can convert to
+        // String as below
+        try {
+            assertPredicate("${body.toUpperCase()} == 'HELLO WORLD'", true);
+            fail("Should throw exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            MethodNotFoundException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(MethodNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertEquals("toUpperCase()", cause.getMethodName());
+        }
+
+        assertPredicate("${mandatoryBodyAs(String)} == 'hello world'", true);
+        assertPredicate("${mandatoryBodyAs(String).toUpperCase()} == 'HELLO WORLD'", true);
+
+        // and body on exchange should not be changed
+        assertSame(body, exchange.getIn().getBody());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLCallReplace() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("cool", "Camel rocks");
+        map.put("dude", "Hey dude");
+        exchange.getIn().setHeaders(map);
+
+        assertExpression("${headers.cool.replaceAll(\"rocks\", \"is so cool\")}", "Camel is so cool");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLBodyListAndMapAndMethod() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("camel", new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        map.put("amq", new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+
+        List<Map<String, Object>> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(map);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0][camel].id}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0][camel].name}", "Camel in Action");
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0][camel].getId}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0][camel].getName}", "Camel in Action");
+        assertExpression("${body[0][camel].id}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${body[0][camel].name}", "Camel in Action");
+        assertExpression("${body[0][camel].getId}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${body[0][camel].getName}", "Camel in Action");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLPropertyList() throws Exception {
+        List<String> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add("Camel in Action");
+        lines.add("ActiveMQ in Action");
+        exchange.setProperty("wicket", lines);
+
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[0]}", "Camel in Action");
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[1]}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[2]}", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
+            if (getJavaMajorVersion() <= 8) {
+                assertEquals(JAVA8_INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
+            } else {
+                assertEquals(INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
+            }
+
+        }
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.unknown[cool]}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLPropertyLinesList() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+        exchange.setProperty("wicket", lines);
+
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[0].getId}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[1].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[2]}", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
+            if (getJavaMajorVersion() <= 8) {
+                assertEquals(JAVA8_INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
+            } else {
+                assertEquals(INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.unknown[cool]}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLPropertyMap() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("cool", "Camel rocks");
+        map.put("dude", "Hey dude");
+        map.put("code", 4321);
+        exchange.setProperty("wicket", map);
+
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[cool]}", "Camel rocks");
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[dude]}", "Hey dude");
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[unknown]}", null);
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[code]}", 4321);
+        // no header named unknown
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty?.unknown[cool]}", null);
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.unknown[cool]}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLExchangePropertyMap() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("cool", "Camel rocks");
+        map.put("dude", "Hey dude");
+        map.put("code", 4321);
+        exchange.setProperty("wicket", map);
+
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[cool]}", "Camel rocks");
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[dude]}", "Hey dude");
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[unknown]}", null);
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[code]}", 4321);
+        // no header named unknown
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty?.unknown[cool]}", null);
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.unknown[cool]}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLPropertyMapWithDot() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("this.code", "This code");
+        exchange.setProperty("wicket", map);
+
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[this.code]}", "This code");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLPropertyMapNotMap() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.foobar[bar]}", null);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertEquals("Key: bar not found in bean: cba of type: java.lang.String using OGNL path [[bar]]",
+                    cause.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLPropertyMapIllegalSyntax() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.foobar[bar}", null);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
+            assertTrue(e.getMessage()
+                    .startsWith("Valid syntax: ${exchangeProperty.OGNL} was: exchangeProperty.foobar[bar at location 0"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLExchangePropertyMapIllegalSyntax() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.foobar[bar}", null);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
+            assertTrue(e.getMessage()
+                    .startsWith("Valid syntax: ${exchangeProperty.OGNL} was: exchangeProperty.foobar[bar at location 0"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLHeaderEmptyTest() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("beer", "");
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == ''", true);
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == \"\"", true);
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == ' '", false);
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == \" \"", false);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("beer", " ");
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == ''", false);
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == \"\"", false);
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == ' '", true);
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == \" \"", true);
+
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer.toString().trim()} == ''", true);
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer.toString().trim()} == \"\"", true);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("beer", "   ");
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer.trim()} == ''", true);
+        assertPredicate("${header.beer.trim()} == \"\"", true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDateExpressions() throws Exception {
+        Calendar inHeaderCalendar = Calendar.getInstance();
+        inHeaderCalendar.set(1974, Calendar.APRIL, 20);
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("birthday", inHeaderCalendar.getTime());
+
+        Calendar propertyCalendar = Calendar.getInstance();
+        propertyCalendar.set(1976, Calendar.JUNE, 22);
+        exchange.setProperty("birthday", propertyCalendar.getTime());
+
+        assertExpression("${date:header.birthday}", inHeaderCalendar.getTime());
+        assertExpression("${date:header.birthday:yyyyMMdd}", "19740420");
+        assertExpression("${date:header.birthday+24h:yyyyMMdd}", "19740421");
+
+        // long
+        assertExpression("${date:exchangeProperty.birthday}", propertyCalendar.getTime().getTime());
+        // date
+        assertExpression("${date:exchangeProperty.birthday}", propertyCalendar.getTime());
+        assertExpression("${date:exchangeProperty.birthday:yyyyMMdd}", "19760622");
+        assertExpression("${date:exchangeProperty.birthday+24h:yyyyMMdd}", "19760623");
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${date:yyyyMMdd}", "19740420");
+            fail("Should thrown an exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            assertEquals("Command not supported for dateExpression: yyyyMMdd", e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDateAndTimeExpressions() throws Exception {
+        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
+        cal.set(1974, Calendar.APRIL, 20, 8, 55, 47);
+        cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 123);
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("birthday", cal.getTime());
+
+        assertExpression("${date:header.birthday - 10s:yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss:SSS}", "1974-04-20T08:55:37:123");
+        assertExpression("${date:header.birthday:yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss:SSS}", "1974-04-20T08:55:47:123");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDateWithTimezone() throws Exception {
+        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
+        cal.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8"));
+        cal.set(1974, Calendar.APRIL, 20, 8, 55, 47);
+        cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 123);
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("birthday", cal.getTime());
+
+        assertExpression("${date-with-timezone:header.birthday:GMT+8:yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss:SSS}", "1974-04-20T08:55:47:123");
+        assertExpression("${date-with-timezone:header.birthday:GMT:yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss:SSS}", "1974-04-20T00:55:47:123");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDateNow() throws Exception {
+        Object out = evaluateExpression("${date:now:hh:mm:ss a}", null);
+        assertNotNull(out);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDateExchangeCreated() throws Exception {
+        Object out = evaluateExpression("${date:exchangeCreated:hh:mm:ss a}", "" + exchange.getCreated());
+        assertNotNull(out);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDatePredicates() throws Exception {
+        assertPredicate("${date:now} < ${date:now+60s}");
+        assertPredicate("${date:now-2s+2s} == ${date:now}");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLanguagesInContext() throws Exception {
+        // evaluate so we know there is 1 language in the context
+        assertExpression("${id}", exchange.getIn().getMessageId());
+
+        assertEquals(1, context.getLanguageNames().size());
+        assertEquals("csimple", context.getLanguageNames().get(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testComplexExpressions() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("hey ${in.header.foo}", "hey abc");
+        assertExpression("hey ${in.header:foo}", "hey abc");
+        assertExpression("hey ${in.header.foo}!", "hey abc!");
+        assertExpression("hey ${in.header:foo}!", "hey abc!");
+        assertExpression("hey ${in.header.foo}-${in.header.foo}!", "hey abc-abc!");
+        assertExpression("hey ${in.header:foo}-${in.header.foo}!", "hey abc-abc!");
+        assertExpression("hey ${in.header.foo}${in.header.foo}", "hey abcabc");
+        assertExpression("hey ${in.header:foo}${in.header.foo}", "hey abcabc");
+        assertExpression("${in.header.foo}${in.header.foo}", "abcabc");
+        assertExpression("${in.header:foo}${in.header:foo}", "abcabc");
+        assertExpression("${in.header.foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${in.header:foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${in.header.foo}!", "abc!");
+        assertExpression("${in.header:foo}!", "abc!");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testComplexExpressionsUsingAlternativeStartToken() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header.foo}", "hey abc");
+        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header:foo}", "hey abc");
+        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header.foo}!", "hey abc!");
+        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header:foo}!", "hey abc!");
+        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header.foo}-$simple{in.header.foo}!", "hey abc-abc!");
+        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header:foo}-$simple{in.header.foo}!", "hey abc-abc!");
+        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header.foo}$simple{in.header.foo}", "hey abcabc");
+        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header:foo}$simple{in.header.foo}", "hey abcabc");
+        assertExpression("$simple{in.header.foo}$simple{in.header.foo}", "abcabc");
+        assertExpression("$simple{in.header:foo}$simple{in.header.foo}", "abcabc");
+        assertExpression("$simple{in.header.foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("$simple{in.header:foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("$simple{in.header.foo}!", "abc!");
+        assertExpression("$simple{in.header:foo}!", "abc!");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidComplexExpression() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            assertExpression("hey ${foo", "bad expression!");
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
+        } catch (SimpleIllegalSyntaxException e) {
+            assertEquals(8, e.getIndex());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPredicates() throws Exception {
+        assertPredicate("${body}");
+        assertPredicate("${header.foo}");
+        assertPredicate("${header.madeUpHeader}", false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExceptionMessage() throws Exception {
+        exchange.setException(new IllegalArgumentException("Just testing"));
+        assertExpression("${exception.message}", "Just testing");
+        assertExpression("Hello ${exception.message} World", "Hello Just testing World");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExceptionStacktrace() throws Exception {
+        exchange.setException(new IllegalArgumentException("Just testing"));
+
+        String out = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${exception.stacktrace}").evaluate(exchange,
+                String.class);
+        assertNotNull(out);
+        assertTrue(out.startsWith("java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Just testing"));
+        assertTrue(out.contains("at org.apache.camel.language."));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testException() throws Exception {
+        exchange.setException(new IllegalArgumentException("Just testing"));
+
+        Exception out = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${exception}").evaluate(exchange, Exception.class);
+        assertNotNull(out);
+        assertIsInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class, out);
+        assertEquals("Just testing", out.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyAs() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("${bodyAs(String)}", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
+        assertExpression("${bodyAs('String')}", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);
+        assertExpression("${bodyAs('String')}", null);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(456);
+        assertExpression("${bodyAs(Integer)}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${bodyAs(int)}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${bodyAs('int')}", 456);
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${bodyAs(XXX)}", 456);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (CamelExecutionException e) {
+            assertIsInstanceOf(ClassNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMandatoryBodyAs() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs(String)}", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
+        assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs('String')}", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs('String')}", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown exception");
+        } catch (CamelExecutionException e) {
+            assertIsInstanceOf(InvalidPayloadException.class, e.getCause());
+        }
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(456);
+        assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs(Integer)}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs(int)}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs('int')}", 456);
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs(XXX)}", 456);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (CamelExecutionException e) {
+            assertIsInstanceOf(ClassNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaderEmptyBody() throws Exception {
+        // set an empty body
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);
+
+        assertExpression("${header.foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${header:foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${headers.foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${headers:foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${in.header.foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${in.header:foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${in.headers.foo}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${in.headers:foo}", "abc");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeadersWithBracket() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("${headers[foo]}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${in.headers[foo]}", "abc");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnglOnHeadersWithBracket() throws Exception {
+        assertOnglOnHeadersWithSquareBrackets("order");
+        assertOnglOnHeadersWithSquareBrackets("purchase.order");
+        assertOnglOnHeadersWithSquareBrackets("foo.bar.qux");
+        assertOnglOnHeadersWithSquareBrackets("purchase order");
+    }
+
+    private void assertOnglOnHeadersWithSquareBrackets(String key) {
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader(key, new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        assertExpression("${headers[" + key + "].name}", "Camel in Action");
+        assertExpression("${in.headers[" + key + "].name}", "Camel in Action");
+        assertExpression("${in.headers['" + key + "'].name}", "Camel in Action");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket() throws Exception {
+        assertOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket("order");
+        assertOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket("purchase.order");
+        assertOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket("foo.bar.qux");
+        assertOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket("purchase order");
+    }
+
+    public void assertOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket(String key) throws Exception {
+        exchange.setProperty(key, new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty[" + key + "].name}", "Camel in Action");
+        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty['" + key + "'].name}", "Camel in Action");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsInstanceOfEmptyBody() throws Exception {
+        // set an empty body
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);
+
+        try {
+            assertPredicate("${body} is null", false);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (SimpleIllegalSyntaxException e) {
+            assertEquals(11, e.getIndex());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaders() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> headers = exchange.getIn().getHeaders();
+        assertEquals(2, headers.size());
+
+        assertExpression("${headers}", headers);
+        assertExpression("${in.headers}", headers);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaderKeyWithSpace() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> headers = exchange.getIn().getHeaders();
+        headers.put("some key", "Some Value");
+        assertEquals(3, headers.size());
+
+        assertExpression("${headerAs(foo,String)}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${headerAs(some key,String)}", "Some Value");
+        assertExpression("${headerAs('some key',String)}", "Some Value");
+
+        assertExpression("${header[foo]}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${header[some key]}", "Some Value");
+        assertExpression("${header['some key']}", "Some Value");
+
+        assertExpression("${headers[foo]}", "abc");
+        assertExpression("${headers[some key]}", "Some Value");
+        assertExpression("${headers['some key']}", "Some Value");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaderAs() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("${headerAs(foo,String)}", "abc");
+
+        assertExpression("${headerAs(bar,int)}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${headerAs(bar, int)}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${headerAs('bar', int)}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${headerAs('bar','int')}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${headerAs('bar','Integer')}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${headerAs('bar',\"int\")}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${headerAs(bar,String)}", "123");
+
+        assertExpression("${headerAs(unknown,String)}", null);
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${headerAs(unknown String)}", null);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
+            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Valid syntax: ${headerAs(key, type)} was: headerAs(unknown String)"));
+        }
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${headerAs(fool,String).test}", null);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
+            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Valid syntax: ${headerAs(key, type)} was: headerAs(fool,String).test"));
+        }
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${headerAs(bar,XXX)}", 123);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (CamelExecutionException e) {
+            assertIsInstanceOf(ClassNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIllegalSyntax() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            assertExpression("hey ${xxx} how are you?", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
+            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Unknown function: xxx at location 4"));
+        }
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${xxx}", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
+            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Unknown function: xxx at location 0"));
+        }
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${bodyAs(xxx}", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
+            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Valid syntax: ${bodyAs(type)} was: bodyAs(xxx"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLHeaderList() throws Exception {
+        List<String> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add("Camel in Action");
+        lines.add("ActiveMQ in Action");
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("wicket", lines);
+
+        assertExpression("${header.wicket[0]}", "Camel in Action");
+        assertExpression("${header.wicket[1]}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${header.wicket[2]}", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
+            if (getJavaMajorVersion() <= 8) {
+                assertEquals(JAVA8_INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
+            } else {
+                assertEquals(INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+        assertExpression("${header.unknown[cool]}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLHeaderLinesList() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("wicket", lines);
+
+        assertExpression("${header.wicket[0].getId}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${header.wicket[1].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${header.wicket[2]}", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
+            if (getJavaMajorVersion() <= 8) {
+                assertEquals(JAVA8_INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
+            } else {
+                assertEquals(INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+        assertExpression("${header.unknown[cool]}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLHeaderMap() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("cool", "Camel rocks");
+        map.put("dude", "Hey dude");
+        map.put("code", 4321);
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("wicket", map);
+
+        assertExpression("${header.wicket[cool]}", "Camel rocks");
+        assertExpression("${header.wicket[dude]}", "Hey dude");
+        assertExpression("${header.wicket[unknown]}", null);
+        assertExpression("${header.wicket[code]}", 4321);
+        // no header named unknown
+        assertExpression("${header?.unknown[cool]}", null);
+        assertExpression("${header.unknown[cool]}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLHeaderMapWithDot() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("this.code", "This code");
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("wicket", map);
+
+        assertExpression("${header.wicket[this.code]}", "This code");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLHeaderMapNotMap() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${header.foo[bar]}", null);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertEquals("Key: bar not found in bean: abc of type: java.lang.String using OGNL path [[bar]]",
+                    cause.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOGNLHeaderMapIllegalSyntax() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${header.foo[bar}", null);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
+            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Valid syntax: ${header.name[key]} was: header.foo[bar"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLAsMap() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("foo", "Camel");
+        map.put("bar", 6);
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(map);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[foo]}", "Camel");
+        assertExpression("${in.body[bar]}", 6);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLAsMapWithDot() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("foo.bar", "Camel");
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(map);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[foo.bar]}", "Camel");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLAsMapShorthand() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        map.put("foo", "Camel");
+        map.put("bar", 6);
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(map);
+
+        assertExpression("${body[foo]}", "Camel");
+        assertExpression("${body[bar]}", 6);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLSimple() throws Exception {
+        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getName}", "Camel");
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getAge}", 6);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExceptionOGNLSimple() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader(Exchange.AUTHENTICATION_FAILURE_POLICY_ID, "myPolicy");
+        exchange.setProperty(Exchange.EXCEPTION_CAUGHT,
+                new CamelAuthorizationException("The camel authorization exception", exchange));
+
+        assertExpression("${exception.getPolicyId}", "myPolicy");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLSimpleShorthand() throws Exception {
+        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.name}", "Camel");
+        assertExpression("${in.body.age}", 6);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLSimpleOperator() throws Exception {
+        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
+        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
+        camel.setFriend(tiger);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);
+
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.getName} contains 'Camel'", true);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.getName} contains 'Tiger'", false);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.getAge} < 10", true);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.getAge} > 10", false);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.getAge} <= '6'", true);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.getAge} > '6'", false);
+
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.getAge} < ${body.getFriend.getAge}", true);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.getFriend.isDangerous} == true", true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLSimpleOperatorShorthand() throws Exception {
+        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
+        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
+        camel.setFriend(tiger);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);
+
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.name} contains 'Camel'", true);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.name} contains 'Tiger'", false);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.age} < 10", true);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.age} > 10", false);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.age} <= '6'", true);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.age} > '6'", false);
+
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.age} < ${body.friend.age}", true);
+        assertPredicate("${in.body.friend.dangerous} == true", true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLNested() throws Exception {
+        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
+        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
+        camel.setFriend(tiger);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getName}", "Camel");
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getAge}", 6);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.getName}", "Tony the Tiger");
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.getAge}", "13");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLNestedShorthand() throws Exception {
+        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
+        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
+        camel.setFriend(tiger);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.name}", "Camel");
+        assertExpression("${in.body.age}", 6);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.friend.name}", "Tony the Tiger");
+        assertExpression("${in.body.friend.age}", "13");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLOrderList() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+        Order order = new Order(lines);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[0].getId}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[0].getName}", "Camel in Action");
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[1].getId}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[1].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last].getId}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last-1].getId}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last-1].getName}", "Camel in Action");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListShorthand() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+        Order order = new Order(lines);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[0].id}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[0].name}", "Camel in Action");
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[1].id}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[1].name}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last].id}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last].name}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last-1].id}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last-1].name}", "Camel in Action");
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.lines.size}", 2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLListMap() throws Exception {
+        List<Map<String, String>> grid = new ArrayList<>();
+        Map<String, String> cells = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        cells.put("ABC", "123");
+        cells.put("DEF", "456");
+        grid.add(cells);
+
+        Map<String, String> cells2 = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        cells2.put("HIJ", "789");
+        grid.add(cells2);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(grid);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0][ABC]}", "123");
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0][DEF]}", "456");
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0]['ABC']}", "123");
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0]['DEF']}", "456");
+        assertExpression("${in.body[1][HIJ]}", "789");
+        assertExpression("${in.body[1]['HIJ']}", "789");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLList() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0].getId}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0].getName}", "Camel in Action");
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[1].getId}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${in.body[1].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLListShorthand() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0].id}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0].name}", "Camel in Action");
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[1].id}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${in.body[1].name}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLArray() throws Exception {
+        OrderLine[] lines = new OrderLine[2];
+        lines[0] = new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action");
+        lines[1] = new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action");
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0].getId}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0].getName}", "Camel in Action");
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[1].getId}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${in.body[1].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLArrayShorthand() throws Exception {
+        OrderLine[] lines = new OrderLine[2];
+        lines[0] = new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action");
+        lines[1] = new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action");
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0].id}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${in.body[0].name}", "Camel in Action");
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body[1].id}", 456);
+        assertExpression("${in.body[1].name}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+        Order order = new Order(lines);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[3].getId}", 123);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertTrue(cause.getMessage().startsWith("Index: 3, Size: 2 out of bounds with List from bean"));
+        }
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last-2].getId}", 123);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertTrue(cause.getMessage().startsWith("Index: -1, Size: 2 out of bounds with List from bean"));
+        }
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last - XXX].getId}", 123);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertEquals("last - XXX", cause.getExpression());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListOutOfBoundsShorthand() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+        Order order = new Order(lines);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${in.body.lines[3].id}", 123);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertTrue(cause.getMessage().startsWith("Index: 3, Size: 2 out of bounds with List from bean"));
+        }
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last - 2].id}", 123);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertTrue(cause.getMessage().startsWith("Index: -1, Size: 2 out of bounds with List from bean"));
+        }
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last - XXX].id}", 123);
+            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertEquals("last - XXX", cause.getExpression());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListOutOfBoundsWithNullSafe() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+        Order order = new Order(lines);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body?.getLines[3].getId}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListOutOfBoundsWithNullSafeShorthand() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+        Order order = new Order(lines);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body?.lines[3].id}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListNoMethodNameWithNullSafe() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+        Order order = new Order(lines);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[0]?.getRating}", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            MethodNotFoundException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(MethodNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertEquals("getRating", cause.getMethodName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListNoMethodNameWithNullSafeShorthand() throws Exception {
+        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
+        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
+        Order order = new Order(lines);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${in.body.lines[0]?.rating}", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            MethodNotFoundException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(MethodNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
+            assertEquals("rating", cause.getMethodName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLNullSafeToAvoidNPE() throws Exception {
+        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
+        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
+        camel.setFriend(tiger);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getName}", "Camel");
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getAge}", 6);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.getName}", "Tony the Tiger");
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.getAge}", "13");
+
+        // using null safe to avoid the NPE
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend?.getFriend.getName}", null);
+        try {
+            // without null safe we get an NPE
+            assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.getFriend.getName}", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            assertEquals(
+                    "Failed to invoke method: .getFriend.getFriend.getName on org.apache.camel.language.simple.SimpleTest.Animal"
+                         + " due last method returned null and therefore cannot continue to invoke method .getName on a null instance",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLNullSafeToAvoidNPEShorthand() throws Exception {
+        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
+        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
+        camel.setFriend(tiger);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);
+
+        assertExpression("${in.body.name}", "Camel");
+        assertExpression("${in.body.age}", 6);
+
+        // just to mix it a bit
+        assertExpression("${in.body.friend.getName}", "Tony the Tiger");
+        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.age}", "13");
+
+        // using null safe to avoid the NPE
+        assertExpression("${in.body.friend?.friend.name}", null);
+        try {
+            // without null safe we get an NPE
+            assertExpression("${in.body.friend.friend.name}", "");
+            fail("Should have thrown exception");
+        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
+            assertEquals("Failed to invoke method: .friend.friend.name on org.apache.camel.language.simple.SimpleTest.Animal"
+                         + " due last method returned null and therefore cannot continue to invoke method .name on a null instance",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLReentrant() throws Exception {
+        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
+        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
+        Animal elephant = new Animal("Big Ella", 48);
+
+        camel.setFriend(tiger);
+        tiger.setFriend(elephant);
+        elephant.setFriend(camel);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);
+
+        assertExpression("${body.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getName}", "Camel");
+        assertExpression("${body.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getName}", "Tony the Tiger");
+        assertExpression("${body.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getName}", "Big Ella");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLReentrantShorthand() throws Exception {
+        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
+        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
+        Animal elephant = new Animal("Big Ella", 48);
+
+        camel.setFriend(tiger);
+        tiger.setFriend(elephant);
+        elephant.setFriend(camel);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);
+
+        assertExpression("${body.friend.friend.friend.name}", "Camel");
+        assertExpression("${body.friend.friend.friend.friend.name}", "Tony the Tiger");
+        assertExpression("${body.friend.friend.friend.friend.friend.name}", "Big Ella");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOGNLBoolean() throws Exception {
+        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(tiger);
+
+        assertExpression("${body.isDangerous}", "true");
+        assertExpression("${body.dangerous}", "true");
+
+        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);
+
+        assertExpression("${body.isDangerous}", "false");
+        assertExpression("${body.dangerous}", "false");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOgnlOnString() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("Camel");
+
+        assertExpression("${body.substring(2)}", "mel");
+        assertExpression("${body.substring(2, 4)}", "me");
+        assertExpression("${body.length()}", 5);
+        assertExpression("${body.toUpperCase()}", "CAMEL");
+        assertExpression("${body.toUpperCase()}", "CAMEL");
+        assertExpression("${body.toUpperCase().substring(2)}", "MEL");
+        assertExpression("${body.toLowerCase().length()}", 5);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOgnlOnStringWithOgnlParams() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("Camel");
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("max", 4);
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("min", 2);
+
+        assertExpression("${body.substring(${header.min}, ${header.max})}", "me");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaderOgnlOnStringWithOgnlParams() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("name", "Camel");
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("max", 4);
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("min", 2);
+
+        assertExpression("${header.name.substring(${header.min}, ${header.max})}", "me");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCamelContextStartRoute() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);
+
+        assertExpression("${camelContext.getRouteController().startRoute('foo')}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOgnlReplace() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("Kamel is a cool Kamel");
+
+        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"Kamel\", \"Camel\")}", "Camel is a cool Camel");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOgnlReplaceEscapedChar() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("foo$bar$baz");
+
+        assertExpression("${body.replace('$', '-')}", "foo-bar-baz");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOgnlReplaceEscapedBackslashChar() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("foo\\bar\\baz");
+
+        assertExpression("${body.replace('\\', '\\\\')}", "foo\\\\bar\\\\baz");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOgnlReplaceFirst() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("http:camel.apache.org");
+
+        assertExpression("${body.replaceFirst('http:', 'https:')}", "https:camel.apache.org");
+        assertExpression("${body.replaceFirst('http:', '')}", "camel.apache.org");
+        assertExpression("${body.replaceFirst('http:', ' ')}", " camel.apache.org");
+        assertExpression("${body.replaceFirst('http:',    ' ')}", " camel.apache.org");
+        assertExpression("${body.replaceFirst('http:',' ')}", " camel.apache.org");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOgnlReplaceSingleQuoteInDouble() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("Hello O'Conner");
+
+        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"O'C\", \"OC\")}", "Hello OConner");
+        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"O'C\", \"O C\")}", "Hello O Conner");
+        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"O'C\", \"O-C\")}", "Hello O-Conner");
+        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"O'C\", \"O''C\")}", "Hello O''Conner");
+        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"O'C\", \"O\n'C\")}", "Hello O\n'Conner");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOgnlSpaces() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("Hello World");
+
+        // no quotes, which is discouraged to use
+        assertExpression("${body.compareTo(Hello World)}", 0);
+
+        assertExpression("${body.compareTo('Hello World')}", 0);
+        assertExpression("${body.compareTo(${body})}", 0);
+        assertExpression("${body.compareTo('foo')}", "Hello World".compareTo("foo"));
+
+        assertExpression("${body.compareTo( 'Hello World' )}", 0);
+        assertExpression("${body.compareTo( ${body} )}", 0);
+        assertExpression("${body.compareTo( 'foo' )}", "Hello World".compareTo("foo"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClassSimpleName() throws Exception {
+        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(tiger);
+
+        assertExpression("${body.getClass().getSimpleName()}", "Animal");
+        assertExpression("${body.getClass.getSimpleName}", "Animal");
+        assertExpression("${body.class.simpleName}", "Animal");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExceptionClassSimpleName() throws Exception {
+        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(tiger);
+
+        Exception cause = new IllegalArgumentException("Forced");
+        exchange.setException(cause);
+
+        assertExpression("${exception.getClass().getSimpleName()}", "IllegalArgumentException");
+        assertExpression("${exception.getClass.getSimpleName}", "IllegalArgumentException");
+        assertExpression("${exception.class.simpleName}", "IllegalArgumentException");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSlashBeforeHeader() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("foo/${header.foo}", "foo/abc");
+        assertExpression("foo\\${header.foo}", "foo\\abc");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testJSonLike() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("Something");
+
+        assertExpression("{\n\"data\": \"${body}\"\n}", "{\n\"data\": \"Something\"\n}");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFunctionEnds() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("Something");
+
+        assertExpression("{{", "{{");
+        assertExpression("}}", "}}");
+        assertExpression("{{}}", "{{}}");
+        assertExpression("{{foo}}", "{{foo}}");
+        assertExpression("{{${body}}}", "{{Something}}");
+        assertExpression("{{${body}-${body}}}", "{{Something-Something}}");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEscape() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("Something");
+
+        // slash foo
+        assertExpression("\\foo", "\\foo");
+
+        assertExpression("\\n${body}", "\nSomething");
+        assertExpression("\\t${body}", "\tSomething");
+        assertExpression("\\r${body}", "\rSomething");
+        assertExpression("\\n\\r${body}", "\n\rSomething");
+        assertExpression("\\n${body}\\n", "\nSomething\n");
+        assertExpression("\\t${body}\\t", "\tSomething\t");
+        assertExpression("\\r${body}\\r", "\rSomething\r");
+        assertExpression("\\n\\r${body}\\n\\r", "\n\rSomething\n\r");
+
+        assertExpression("$${body}", "$Something");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEscapeEndFunction() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("Something");
+
+        assertExpression("{hello\\}", "{hello}");
+        assertExpression("${body}{hello\\}", "Something{hello}");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCamelContextOGNL() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("${camelContext.getName()}", context.getName());
+        assertExpression("${camelContext.version}", context.getVersion());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypeConstant() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.Exchange.FILE_NAME}", Exchange.FILE_NAME);
+        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.ExchangePattern.InOut}", ExchangePattern.InOut);
+
+        // non existing fields
+        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.ExchangePattern.}", null);
+        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.ExchangePattern.UNKNOWN}", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypeConstantInnerClass() throws Exception {
+        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.language.simple.Constants$MyInnerStuff.FOO}", 123);
+        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.language.simple.Constants.BAR}", 456);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStringArrayLength() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(new String[] { "foo", "bar" });
+        assertExpression("${body[0]}", "foo");
+        assertExpression("${body[1]}", "bar");
+        assertExpression("${body.length}", 2);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(new String[] { "foo", "bar", "beer" });
+        assertExpression("${body.length}", 3);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testByteArrayLength() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(new byte[] { 65, 66, 67 });
+        assertExpression("${body[0]}", 65);
+        assertExpression("${body[1]}", 66);
+        assertExpression("${body[2]}", 67);
+        assertExpression("${body.length}", 3);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIntArrayLength() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(new int[] { 1, 20, 300 });
+        assertExpression("${body[0]}", 1);
+        assertExpression("${body[1]}", 20);
+        assertExpression("${body[2]}", 300);
+        assertExpression("${body.length}", 3);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleMapBoolean() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(map);
+
+        map.put("isCredit", true);
+        assertPredicate("${body[isCredit]} == true", true);
+        assertPredicate("${body[isCredit]} == false", false);
+        assertPredicate("${body['isCredit']} == true", true);
+        assertPredicate("${body['isCredit']} == false", false);
+
+        // wrong case
+        assertPredicate("${body['IsCredit']} == true", false);
+
+        map.put("isCredit", false);
+        assertPredicate("${body[isCredit]} == true", false);
+        assertPredicate("${body[isCredit]} == false", true);
+        assertPredicate("${body['isCredit']} == true", false);
+        assertPredicate("${body['isCredit']} == false", true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimpleRegexp() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("12345678");
+        assertPredicate("${body} regex '\\d+'", true);
+        assertPredicate("${body} regex '\\w{1,4}'", false);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("tel:+97444549697");
+        assertPredicate("${body} regex '^(tel:\\+)(974)(44)(\\d+)|^(974)(44)(\\d+)'", true);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("97444549697");
+        assertPredicate("${body} regex '^(tel:\\+)(974)(44)(\\d+)|^(974)(44)(\\d+)'", true);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("tel:+87444549697");
+        assertPredicate("${body} regex '^(tel:\\+)(974)(44)(\\d+)|^(974)(44)(\\d+)'", false);
+
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("87444549697");
+        assertPredicate("${body} regex '^(tel:\\+)(974)(44)(\\d+)|^(974)(44)(\\d+)'", false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCollateEven() throws Exception {
+        List<Object> data = new ArrayList<>();
+        data.add("A");
+        data.add("B");
+        data.add("C");
+        data.add("D");
+        data.add("E");
+        data.add("F");
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(data);
+
+        Iterator it = (Iterator) evaluateExpression("${collate(3)}", null);
+        List chunk = (List) it.next();
+        List chunk2 = (List) it.next();
+        assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+
+        assertEquals(3, chunk.size());
+        assertEquals(3, chunk2.size());
+
+        assertEquals("A", chunk.get(0));
+        assertEquals("B", chunk.get(1));
+        assertEquals("C", chunk.get(2));
+        assertEquals("D", chunk2.get(0));
+        assertEquals("E", chunk2.get(1));
+        assertEquals("F", chunk2.get(2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCollateOdd() throws Exception {
+        List<Object> data = new ArrayList<>();
+        data.add("A");
+        data.add("B");
+        data.add("C");
+        data.add("D");
+        data.add("E");
+        data.add("F");
+        data.add("G");
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(data);
+
+        Iterator it = (Iterator) evaluateExpression("${collate(3)}", null);
+        List chunk = (List) it.next();
+        List chunk2 = (List) it.next();
+        List chunk3 = (List) it.next();
+        assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+
+        assertEquals(3, chunk.size());
+        assertEquals(3, chunk2.size());
+        assertEquals(1, chunk3.size());
+
+        assertEquals("A", chunk.get(0));
+        assertEquals("B", chunk.get(1));
+        assertEquals("C", chunk.get(2));
+        assertEquals("D", chunk2.get(0));
+        assertEquals("E", chunk2.get(1));
+        assertEquals("F", chunk2.get(2));
+        assertEquals("G", chunk3.get(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRandomExpression() throws Exception {
+        int min = 1;
+        int max = 10;
+        int iterations = 30;
+        int i = 0;
+        for (i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            Expression expression = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${random(1,10)}");
+            assertTrue(
+                    min <= expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) && expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) < max);
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            Expression expression = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${random(10)}");
+            assertTrue(0 <= expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) && expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) < max);
+        }
+        Expression expression = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${random(1, 10)}");
+        assertTrue(min <= expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) && expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) < max);
+
+        Expression expression1 = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${random( 10)}");
+        assertTrue(0 <= expression1.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) && expression1.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) < max);
+
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${random(10,21,30)}", null);
+            fail("Should have thrown exception");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            assertEquals("Valid syntax: ${random(min,max)} or ${random(max)} was: random(10,21,30)", e.getCause().getMessage());
+        }
+        try {
+            assertExpression("${random()}", null);
+            fail("Should have thrown exception");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            assertEquals("Valid syntax: ${random(min,max)} or ${random(max)} was: random()", e.getCause().getMessage());
+        }
+
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("max", 20);
+        Expression expression3 = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${random(10,${header.max})}");
+        int num = expression3.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class);
+        assertTrue(num >= 0 && num < 20, "Should be 10..20");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testListRemoveByInstance() throws Exception {
+        List<Object> data = new ArrayList<>();
+        data.add("A");
+        data.add("B");
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(data);
+
+        assertEquals(2, data.size());
+
+        Expression expression = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${body.remove('A')}");
+        expression.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);
+
+        assertEquals(1, data.size());
+        assertEquals("B", data.get(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testListRemoveIndex() throws Exception {
+        List<Object> data = new ArrayList<>();
+        data.add("A");
+        data.add("B");
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(data);
+
+        assertEquals(2, data.size());
+
+        Expression expression = context.resolveLanguage("csimple").createExpression("${body.remove(0)}");
+        expression.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);
+
+        assertEquals(1, data.size());
+        assertEquals("B", data.get(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyOgnlOnAnimalWithOgnlParams() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody(new Animal("tiger", 13));
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("friend", new Animal("donkey", 4));
+        assertExpression("${body.setFriend(${header.friend})}", null);
+
+        Animal animal = exchange.getIn().getBody(Animal.class);
+        assertEquals("tiger", animal.getName());
+        assertEquals(13, animal.getAge());
+        assertNotNull(animal.getFriend(), "Should have a friend");
+        assertEquals("donkey", animal.getFriend().getName());
+        assertEquals(4, animal.getFriend().getAge());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBodyAsOneLine() throws Exception {
+        exchange.getIn().setBody("Hello" + System.lineSeparator() + "Great" + System.lineSeparator() + "World");
+        assertExpression("${bodyOneLine}", "HelloGreatWorld");
+        assertExpression("Hi ${bodyOneLine}", "Hi HelloGreatWorld");
+        assertExpression("Hi ${bodyOneLine} Again", "Hi HelloGreatWorld Again");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNestedTypeFunction() throws Exception {
+        // when using type: function we need special logic to not lazy evaluate
+        // it so its evaluated only once
+        // and won't fool Camel to think its a nested OGNL method call
+        // expression instead (CAMEL-10664)
+        exchange.setProperty(Exchange.AUTHENTICATION, 123);
+        String exp = "${exchangeProperty.${type:org.apache.camel.Exchange.AUTHENTICATION}.toString()}";
+        assertExpression(exp, "123");
+
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("whichOne", "AUTHENTICATION");
+        exchange.setProperty(Exchange.AUTHENTICATION, 456);
+        exp = "${exchangeProperty.${type:org.apache.camel.Exchange.${header.whichOne}}.toString()}";
+        assertExpression(exp, "456");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testListIndexByNestedFunction() throws Exception {
+        List<String> alist = new ArrayList<>();
+        alist.add("1");
+        alist.add("99");
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("ITEMS", alist);
+        exchange.getIn().setHeader("TOTAL_LOOPS", alist.size());
+
+        String exp = "${header.ITEMS[${exchangeProperty.CamelLoopIndex}]}";
+
+        exchange.setProperty(Exchange.LOOP_INDEX, 0);
+        assertExpression(exp, "1");
+        exchange.setProperty(Exchange.LOOP_INDEX, 1);
+        assertExpression(exp, "99");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected String getLanguageName() {
+        return "csimple";
+    }
+
+    protected void assertExpressionResultInstanceOf(String expressionText, Class<?> expectedType) {
+        Language language = assertResolveLanguage(getLanguageName());
+        Expression expression = language.createExpression(expressionText);
+        assertNotNull(expectedType, "Cannot assert type when no type is provided");
+        assertNotNull(expression, "No Expression could be created for text: " + expressionText + " language: " + language);
+        Object answer = expression.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);
+        assertIsInstanceOf(expectedType, answer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the expression
+     */
+    protected Object evaluateExpression(String expressionText, String expectedValue) {
+        Language language = assertResolveLanguage(getLanguageName());
+
+        Expression expression = language.createExpression(expressionText);
+        assertNotNull(expression, "No Expression could be created for text: " + expressionText + " language: " + language);
+
+        Object value;
+        if (expectedValue != null) {
+            value = expression.evaluate(exchange, expectedValue.getClass());
+        } else {
+            value = expression.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    public static final class Animal {
+        private String name;
+        private int age;
+        private Animal friend;
+
+        private Animal(String name, int age) {
+            this.name = name;
+            this.age = age;
+        }
+
+        public String getName() {
+            return name;
+        }
+
+        public int getAge() {
+            return age;
+        }
+
+        public Animal getFriend() {
+            return friend;
+        }
+
+        public void setFriend(Animal friend) {
+            this.friend = friend;
+        }
+
+        public boolean isDangerous() {
+            return name.contains("Tiger");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class Order {
+        private List<OrderLine> lines;
+
+        public Order(List<OrderLine> lines) {
+            this.lines = lines;
+        }
+
+        public List<OrderLine> getLines() {
+            return lines;
+        }
+
+        public void setLines(List<OrderLine> lines) {
+            this.lines = lines;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class OrderLine {
+        private int id;
+        private String name;
+
+        public OrderLine(int id, String name) {
+            this.id = id;
+            this.name = name;
+        }
+
+        public int getId() {
+            return id;
+        }
+
+        public String getName() {
+            return name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class MyClass {
+        public Object[] getMyArray() {
+            return new Object[] { "Hallo", "World", "!" };
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/docs/modules/languages/pages/csimple-language.adoc b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/docs/modules/languages/pages/csimple-language.adoc
index ae1f337..d9a5a89 100644
--- a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/docs/modules/languages/pages/csimple-language.adoc
+++ b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/docs/modules/languages/pages/csimple-language.adoc
@@ -143,6 +143,17 @@ The CSimple language supports 2 options, which are listed below.
 |===
 // language options: END
 
+== Limitations
+
+Currently the csimple language does **not** support the _null safe_ operator (`?`).
+
+For example the following script cannot compile:
+
+[source,text]
+----
+    ${bodyAs(MyUser)?.address?.zip} > 10000
+----
+
 == More documentation
 
 See the xref:simple-language.adoc[Simple] language as csimple has the same set of functions as simple language.
diff --git a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleCodeGenerator.java b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleCodeGenerator.java
index 0f86ca9..9a60923 100644
--- a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleCodeGenerator.java
+++ b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleCodeGenerator.java
@@ -119,9 +119,17 @@ public class CSimpleCodeGenerator {
         if (predicate) {
             CSimplePredicateParser parser = new CSimplePredicateParser();
             script = parser.parsePredicate(script);
+            if (script.trim().isEmpty()) {
+                // a predicate that is whitespace is regarded as false
+                script = "false";
+            }
         } else {
             CSimpleExpressionParser parser = new CSimpleExpressionParser();
             script = parser.parseExpression(script);
+            if (script.trim().isEmpty()) {
+                // an expression can be whitespace but then we need to wrap this in quotes
+                script = "\"" + script + "\"";
+            }
         }
 
         // single quotes instead of double quotes, as its very annoying for string in strings
diff --git a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleHelper.java b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleHelper.java
index fc3fe5a..f11e437 100644
--- a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleHelper.java
+++ b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleHelper.java
@@ -406,6 +406,25 @@ public final class CSimpleHelper {
         return MessageHelper.dumpMessageHistoryStacktrace(exchange, formatter, detailed);
     }
 
+    public static String sys(String name) {
+        return System.getProperty(name);
+    }
+
+    public static String sysenv(String name) {
+        String answer = null;
+        if (name != null) {
+            // lookup OS env with upper case key
+            name = name.toUpperCase();
+            answer = System.getenv(name);
+            // some OS do not support dashes in keys, so replace with underscore
+            if (answer == null) {
+                String noDashKey = name.replace('-', '_');
+                answer = System.getenv(noDashKey);
+            }
+        }
+        return answer;
+    }
+
     private static ExchangeFormatter getOrCreateExchangeFormatter(CamelContext camelContext) {
         if (exchangeFormatter == null) {
             Set<ExchangeFormatter> formatters = camelContext.getRegistry().findByType(ExchangeFormatter.class);
diff --git a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleLanguage.java b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleLanguage.java
index 50a2007..2ff2ca6 100644
--- a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleLanguage.java
+++ b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleLanguage.java
@@ -64,20 +64,34 @@ public class CSimpleLanguage extends LanguageSupport implements StaticService {
         this.configResource = configResource;
     }
 
-    public Set<String> getImports() {
-        return imports;
-    }
-
-    public void setImports(Set<String> imports) {
-        this.imports = imports;
-    }
-
-    public Map<String, String> getAliases() {
-        return aliases;
+    /**
+     * Adds an import line
+     *
+     * @param imports import such as com.foo.MyClass
+     */
+    public void addImport(String imports) {
+        if (!imports.startsWith("import ")) {
+            imports = "import " + imports;
+        }
+        if (compiler != null) {
+            compiler.addImport(imports);
+        } else {
+            this.imports.add(imports);
+        }
     }
 
-    public void setAliases(Map<String, String> aliases) {
-        this.aliases = aliases;
+    /**
+     * Adds an alias
+     *
+     * @param key   the key
+     * @param value the value
+     */
+    public void addAliases(String key, String value) {
+        if (compiler != null) {
+            compiler.addAliases(key, value);
+        } else {
+            this.aliases.put(key, value);
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -204,6 +218,9 @@ public class CSimpleLanguage extends LanguageSupport implements StaticService {
 
     @Override
     public Predicate createPredicate(String expression) {
+        if (expression == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("expression must be specified");
+        }
         // text should be single line and trimmed as it can be multi lined
         String text = expression.replaceAll("\n", "");
         text = text.trim();
@@ -224,6 +241,9 @@ public class CSimpleLanguage extends LanguageSupport implements StaticService {
 
     @Override
     public Expression createExpression(String expression) {
+        if (expression == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("expression must be specified");
+        }
         // text should be single line and trimmed as it can be multi lined
         String text = expression.replaceAll("\n", "");
         text = text.trim();
diff --git a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleSupport.java b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleSupport.java
index 4b54c83..9cf6e72 100644
--- a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleSupport.java
+++ b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/csimple/CSimpleSupport.java
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ public abstract class CSimpleSupport implements CSimpleExpression, CSimpleMethod
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw new ExpressionEvaluationException(this, exchange, e);
         }
+        if (out instanceof String && ((String) out).trim().isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
         return camelContext.getTypeConverter().convertTo(boolean.class, exchange, out);
     }
 
diff --git a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/simple/ast/SimpleFunctionExpression.java b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/simple/ast/SimpleFunctionExpression.java
index 000885a..7f21a03 100644
--- a/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/simple/ast/SimpleFunctionExpression.java
+++ b/core/camel-core-languages/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/language/simple/ast/SimpleFunctionExpression.java
@@ -806,9 +806,9 @@ public class SimpleFunctionExpression extends LiteralExpression {
         } else if (ObjectHelper.equal(expression, "bodyOneLine")) {
             return "bodyOneLine(exchange)";
         } else if (ObjectHelper.equal(expression, "id")) {
-            return "message.getId()";
+            return "message.getMessageId()";
         } else if (ObjectHelper.equal(expression, "exchangeId")) {
-            return "exchange.getId()";
+            return "exchange.getExchangeId()";
         } else if (ObjectHelper.equal(expression, "exchange")) {
             return "exchange";
         } else if (ObjectHelper.equal(expression, "exception")) {
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ public class SimpleFunctionExpression extends LiteralExpression {
         } else if (ObjectHelper.equal(expression, "hostname")) {
             return "hostName()";
         } else if (ObjectHelper.equal(expression, "camelId")) {
-            return "camelContext.getName()";
+            return "context.getName()";
         } else if (ObjectHelper.equal(expression, "routeId")) {
             return "routeId(exchange)";
         } else if (ObjectHelper.equal(expression, "stepId")) {