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Posted to commits@nifi.apache.org by ad...@apache.org on 2021/10/04 12:03:21 UTC

[nifi-minifi-cpp] branch main updated: MINIFICPP-1655 Upgrade gsl-lite to version 0.39.0

This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

adebreceni pushed a commit to branch main
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/nifi-minifi-cpp.git


The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/main by this push:
     new f5ff6e6  MINIFICPP-1655 Upgrade gsl-lite to version 0.39.0
f5ff6e6 is described below

commit f5ff6e6cb33f136e09c6ee2f21988051094649f2
Author: Gabor Gyimesi <ga...@gmail.com>
AuthorDate: Mon Oct 4 14:02:18 2021 +0200

    MINIFICPP-1655 Upgrade gsl-lite to version 0.39.0
    
    Signed-off-by: Adam Debreceni <ad...@apache.org>
    
    This closes #1186
---
 CMakeLists.txt                                     |    3 +-
 cmake/GslLite.cmake                                |   24 +
 thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/LICENSE                 |   23 -
 .../gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl-lite/gsl-lite.hpp  |   29 -
 thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl.h           |   27 -
 thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl.hpp         |   27 -
 thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl         |   27 -
 .../gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite-vc6.hpp   |  697 ----
 thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite.h  |   27 -
 .../gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite.hpp       | 4156 --------------------
 10 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 5015 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 8f22f03..3c67568 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -343,8 +343,7 @@ target_include_directories(cron SYSTEM INTERFACE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/th
 include(CxxOpts)
 
 # gsl-lite
-add_library(gsl-lite INTERFACE)
-target_include_directories(gsl-lite SYSTEM INTERFACE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include")
+include(GslLite)
 
 # Add necessary definitions based on the value of STRICT_GSL_CHECKS, see gsl-lite README for more details
 list(APPEND GslDefinitions gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION=1)
diff --git a/cmake/GslLite.cmake b/cmake/GslLite.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4262f9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/GslLite.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+include(FetchContent)
+
+FetchContent_Declare(gsl-lite
+    URL      https://github.com/gsl-lite/gsl-lite/archive/refs/tags/v0.39.0.tar.gz
+    URL_HASH SHA256=f80ec07d9f4946097a1e2554e19cee4b55b70b45d59e03a7d2b7f80d71e467e9
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(gsl-lite)
diff --git a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/LICENSE b/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/LICENSE
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e4dcd5..0000000
--- a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/LICENSE
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-The MIT License (MIT)
-
-Copyright (c) 2015 Martin Moene
-Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
-
diff --git a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl-lite/gsl-lite.hpp b/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl-lite/gsl-lite.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0dd5aa2..0000000
--- a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl-lite/gsl-lite.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-//
-// gsl-lite is based on GSL: Guidelines Support Library.
-// For more information see https://github.com/gsl-lite/gsl-lite
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2015-2018 Martin Moene
-// Copyright (c) 2015-2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-//
-// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-#ifndef GSL_LITE_GSL_LITE_HPP_INCLUDED
-#define GSL_LITE_GSL_LITE_HPP_INCLUDED
-
-#if !defined( gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION ) || gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION == 0
-# error Header <gsl-lite/gsl-lite.hpp> requires version 1 defaults; set gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION=1 or link to CMake target "gsl::gsl-lite-v1"
-#endif
-
-#include <gsl/gsl-lite.hpp>
-
-#endif // GSL_LITE_GSL_LITE_HPP_INCLUDED
-
-// end of file
diff --git a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl.h b/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 1bfa97f..0000000
--- a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-//
-// gsl-lite is based on GSL: Guidelines Support Library.
-// For more information see https://github.com/gsl-lite/gsl-lite
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2015 Martin Moene
-// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 
-// 
-// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT). 
-// 
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN 
-// THE SOFTWARE. 
-
-// mimic MS include hierarchy
-
-#ifndef GSL_GSL_H_INCLUDED
-#define GSL_GSL_H_INCLUDED
-
-#pragma message ("gsl.h is deprecated since version 0.27.0, use gsl/gsl-lite.hpp instead.")
-
-#include "gsl/gsl-lite.hpp"
-
-#endif // GSL_GSL_H_INCLUDED
diff --git a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl.hpp b/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1784b40..0000000
--- a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-//
-// gsl-lite is based on GSL: Guidelines Support Library.
-// For more information see https://github.com/gsl-lite/gsl-lite
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2015 Martin Moene
-// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 
-// 
-// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT). 
-// 
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN 
-// THE SOFTWARE. 
-
-// mimic MS include hierarchy
-
-#ifndef GSL_GSL_HPP_INCLUDED
-#define GSL_GSL_HPP_INCLUDED
-
-#pragma message ("gsl.hpp is deprecated since version 0.37.0, use gsl/gsl-lite.hpp instead.")
-
-#include "gsl/gsl-lite.hpp"
-
-#endif // GSL_GSL_HPP_INCLUDED
diff --git a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl b/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl
deleted file mode 100644
index be3f2cc..0000000
--- a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-//
-// gsl-lite is based on GSL: Guidelines Support Library.
-// For more information see https://github.com/martinmoene/gsl-lite
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2015 Martin Moene
-// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 
-// 
-// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT). 
-// 
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN 
-// THE SOFTWARE. 
-
-// mimic MS include hierarchy
-
-#pragma once
-
-#ifndef GSL_GSL_H_INCLUDED
-#define GSL_GSL_H_INCLUDED
-
-#include "gsl-lite.hpp"
-
-#endif // GSL_GSL_H_INCLUDED
diff --git a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite-vc6.hpp b/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite-vc6.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 3579336..0000000
--- a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite-vc6.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,697 +0,0 @@
-//
-// gsl-lite-vc6 is based on GSL: Guidelines Support Library,
-// For more information see https://github.com/gsl-lite/gsl-lite
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2015 Martin Moene
-// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-//
-// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#ifndef GSL_GSL_LITE_H_INCLUDED
-#define GSL_GSL_LITE_H_INCLUDED
-
-#include <exception>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <limits>
-#include <memory>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <string>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
-#define  gsl_lite_VERSION "0.0.0"
-
-// Configuration:
-
-#ifndef  gsl_FEATURE_IMPLICIT_MACRO
-# define gsl_FEATURE_IMPLICIT_MACRO  1
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_FEATURE_OWNER_MACRO
-# define gsl_FEATURE_OWNER_MACRO  1
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_FEATURE_SHARED_PTR
-# define gsl_FEATURE_SHARED_PTR  0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_FEATURE_UNIQUE_PTR
-# define gsl_FEATURE_UNIQUE_PTR  0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_THROWS_FOR_TESTING
-# define gsl_CONFIG_THROWS_FOR_TESTING  0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-# define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS  0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_SHARED_PTR_INCLUDE
-# define gsl_CONFIG_SHARED_PTR_INCLUDE  <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_UNIQUE_PTR_INCLUDE
-# define gsl_CONFIG_UNIQUE_PTR_INCLUDE  <boost/unique_ptr.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_SHARED_PTR_DECL
-# define gsl_CONFIG_SHARED_PTR_DECL  boost::shared_ptr
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_UNIQUE_PTR_DECL
-# define gsl_CONFIG_UNIQUE_PTR_DECL  boost::unique_ptr
-#endif
-
-// Compiler detection:
-
-#if defined(_MSC_VER ) && !defined(__clang__)
-# define gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER      (_MSC_VER )
-# define gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION  (_MSC_VER / 10 - 10 * ( 5 + (_MSC_VER < 1900 ) ) )
-#else
-# define gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER       0
-# define gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION   0
-# define gsl_COMPILER_NON_MSVC       1
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION != 60
-# error GSL Lite: this header is for Visual C++ 6
-#endif
-
-// half-open range [lo..hi):
-#define gsl_BETWEEN( v, lo, hi ) ( (lo) <= (v) && (v) < (hi) )
-
-// Presence of C++ language features:
-
-// C++ feature usage:
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE_IMPLICIT_MACRO
-# define implicit
-#endif
-
-#define gsl_DIMENSION_OF( a ) ( sizeof(a) / sizeof(0[a]) )
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE_SHARED_PTR
-# include gsl_CONFIG_SHARED_PTR_INCLUDE
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE_UNIQUE_PTR
-# include gsl_CONFIG_UNIQUE_PTR_INCLUDE
-#endif
-
-namespace gsl {
-
-//
-// GSL.owner: ownership pointers
-//
-// ToDo:
-#if gsl_FEATURE_SHARED_PTR
-  using gsl_CONFIG_SHARED_PTR_DECL;
-#endif
-#if gsl_FEATURE_UNIQUE_PTR
-  using gsl_CONFIG_UNIQUE_PTR_DECL;
-#endif
-
-template< class T > struct owner { typedef T type; };
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_OWNER_TEMPLATE  0
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE_OWNER_MACRO
-# define Owner(t)  ::gsl::owner<t>::type
-#endif
-
-//
-// GSL.assert: assertions
-//
-#define Expects(x)  ::gsl::fail_fast_assert((x))
-#define Ensures(x)  ::gsl::fail_fast_assert((x))
-
-#if gsl_CONFIG_THROWS_FOR_TESTING
-
-struct fail_fast : public std::runtime_error
-{
-    fail_fast()
-    : std::runtime_error( "GSL assertion" ) {}
-
-    explicit fail_fast( char const * const message )
-    : std::runtime_error( message ) {}
-};
-
-inline void fail_fast_assert( bool cond )
-{
-    if ( !cond )
-        throw fail_fast();
-}
-
-inline void fail_fast_assert( bool cond, char const * const message )
-{
-    if ( !cond )
-        throw fail_fast( message );
-}
-
-#else // gsl_CONFIG_THROWS_FOR_TESTING
-
-inline void fail_fast_assert( bool cond )
-{
-    if ( !cond )
-        terminate();
-}
-
-inline void fail_fast_assert( bool cond, char const * const )
-{
-    if ( !cond )
-        terminate();
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_CONFIG_THROWS_FOR_TESTING
-
-//
-// GSL.util: utilities
-//
-
-class final_action
-{
-public:
-    typedef void (*Action)();
-
-    final_action( Action action )
-    : action_( action ) {}
-
-    ~final_action()
-    {
-        action_();
-    }
-
-private:
-    Action action_;
-};
-
-template< class Fn >
-final_action finally( Fn const & f )
-{
-    return final_action(( f ));
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-T narrow_cast( U u )
-{
-    return static_cast<T>( u );
-}
-
-struct narrowing_error : public std::exception {};
-
-template< class T, class U >
-T narrow( U u )
-{
-    T t = narrow_cast<T>( u );
-
-    if ( static_cast<U>( t ) != u )
-    {
-        throw narrowing_error();
-    }
-    return t;
-}
-
-//
-// GSL.views: views
-//
-
-//
-// at() - Bounds-checked way of accessing static arrays, std::array, std::vector.
-//
-
-namespace detail {
-
-struct precedence_0 {};
-struct precedence_1 : precedence_0 {};
-struct order_precedence : precedence_1 {};
-
-template< class Array, class T >
-T & at( Array & arr, size_t index, T*, precedence_0 const & )
-{
-    Expects( index < gsl_DIMENSION_OF( arr ) );
-    return arr[index];
-}
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-// Create an at( container ) function:
-
-# define gsl_MK_AT( Cont ) \
-    namespace gsl { namespace detail { \
-    template< class T > \
-    inline T & at( Cont<T> & cont, size_t index, T*, precedence_1 const & ) \
-    { \
-        Expects( index < cont.size() ); \
-        return cont[index]; \
-    } }}
-
-template< class Cont >
-int & at( Cont & cont, size_t index )
-{
-    return detail::at( cont, index, &cont[0], detail::order_precedence() );
-}
-
-//
-// not_null<> - Wrap any indirection and enforce non-null.
-//
-template<class T>
-class not_null
-{
-public:
-    not_null(             T t         ) : ptr_ ( t ){ Expects( ptr_ != NULL ); }
-    not_null & operator=( T const & t ) { ptr_ = t ;  Expects( ptr_ != NULL ); return *this; }
-
-    not_null(             not_null const & other ) : ptr_ ( other.ptr_  ) {}
-    not_null & operator=( not_null const & other ) { ptr_ = other.ptr_; }
-
-    // VC6 accepts this anyway:
-    // template< typename U > not_null( not_null<U> const & other );
-    // template< typename U > not_null & operator=( not_null<U> const & other ) ;
-
-private:
-    // Prevent compilation when initialized with a literal 0:
-    not_null(             int );
-    not_null & operator=( int );
-
-public:
-    T get() const
-    {
-        return ptr_;
-    }
-
-         operator T() const { return get(); }
-    T    operator->() const { return get(); }
-
-    bool operator==(T const & rhs) const { return    ptr_ == rhs; }
-    bool operator!=(T const & rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
-
-private:
-    T ptr_;
-
-    not_null & operator++();
-    not_null & operator--();
-    not_null   operator++( int );
-    not_null   operator--( int );
-    not_null & operator+ ( size_t );
-    not_null & operator+=( size_t );
-    not_null & operator- ( size_t );
-    not_null & operator-=( size_t );
-};
-
-//
-// Byte-specific type.
-//
-typedef unsigned char byte;
-
-//
-// span<> - A 1D view of contiguous T's, replace (*,len).
-//
-template< class T >
-class span
-{
-public:
-    typedef size_t size_type;
-
-    typedef T value_type;
-    typedef T & reference;
-    typedef T * pointer;
-    typedef T const * const_pointer;
-
-    typedef pointer       iterator;
-    typedef const_pointer const_iterator;
-
-    typedef std::reverse_iterator< iterator, T >             reverse_iterator;
-    typedef std::reverse_iterator< const_iterator, const T > const_reverse_iterator;
-
-    // Todo:
-    // typedef typename std::iterator_traits< iterator >::difference_type difference_type;
-
-    span()
-        : begin_( NULL )
-        , end_  ( NULL )
-    {
-        Expects( size() == 0 );
-    }
-
-    span( pointer begin, pointer end )
-        : begin_( begin )
-        , end_  ( end )
-    {
-        Expects( begin <= end );
-    }
-
-    span( pointer data, size_type size )
-        : begin_( data )
-        , end_  ( data + size )
-    {
-        Expects( size == 0 || ( size > 0 && data != NULL ) );
-    }
-
-private:
-    struct precedence_0 {};
-    struct precedence_1 : precedence_0 {};
-    struct precedence_2 : precedence_1 {};
-    struct order_precedence : precedence_1 {};
-
-    template< class Array, class U >
-    span create( Array & arr, U*, precedence_0 const & ) const
-    {
-        return span( arr, gsl_DIMENSION_OF( arr ) );
-    }
-
-    span create( std::vector<T> & cont, T*, precedence_1 const & ) const
-    {
-        return span( &cont[0], cont.size() );
-    }
-
-public:
-    template< class Cont >
-    span( Cont & cont )
-    {
-        *this = create( cont, &cont[0], order_precedence() );
-    }
-
-#if 0
-    // =default constructor
-    span( span const & other )
-        : begin_( other.begin() )
-        , end_  ( other.end() )
-    {}
-#endif
-
-    span & operator=( span const & other )
-    {
-        // VC6 balks at copy-swap implementation (here),
-        // so we do it the simple way:
-        begin_ = other.begin_;
-        end_   = other.end_;
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-#if 0
-    // Converting from other span ?
-    template< typename U > operator=();
-#endif
-
-    iterator begin() const
-    {
-        return iterator( begin_ );
-    }
-
-    iterator end() const
-    {
-        return iterator( end_ );
-    }
-
-    const_iterator cbegin() const
-    {
-        return const_iterator( begin() );
-    }
-
-    const_iterator cend() const
-    {
-        return const_iterator( end() );
-    }
-
-    reverse_iterator rbegin() const
-    {
-        return reverse_iterator( end() );
-    }
-
-    reverse_iterator rend() const
-    {
-        return reverse_iterator( begin() );
-    }
-
-    const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const
-    {
-        return const_reverse_iterator( cend() );
-    }
-
-    const_reverse_iterator crend() const
-    {
-        return const_reverse_iterator( cbegin() );
-    }
-
-    operator bool () const
-    {
-        return begin_ != NULL;
-    }
-
-    reference operator[]( size_type index )
-    {
-        return at( index );
-    }
-
-    bool operator==( span const & other ) const
-    {
-        return  size() == other.size()
-            && (begin_ == other.begin_ || std::equal( this->begin(), this->end(), other.begin() ) );
-    }
-
-    bool operator!=( span const & other ) const
-    {
-        return !( *this == other );
-    }
-
-    bool operator< ( span const & other ) const
-    {
-        return std::lexicographical_compare( this->begin(), this->end(), other.begin(), other.end() );
-    }
-
-    bool operator<=( span const & other ) const
-    {
-        return !( other < *this );
-    }
-
-    bool operator> ( span const & other ) const
-    {
-        return ( other < *this );
-    }
-
-    bool operator>=( span const & other ) const
-    {
-        return !( *this < other );
-    }
-
-    reference at( size_type index )
-    {
-        Expects( index >= 0 && index < size());
-        return begin_[ index ];
-    }
-
-    pointer data() const
-    {
-        return begin_;
-    }
-
-    bool empty() const
-    {
-        return size() == 0;
-    }
-
-    size_type size() const
-    {
-        return std::distance( begin_, end_ );
-    }
-
-    size_type length() const
-    {
-        return size();
-    }
-
-    size_type used_length() const
-    {
-        return length();
-    }
-
-    size_type bytes() const
-    {
-        return sizeof( value_type ) * size();
-    }
-
-    size_type used_bytes() const
-    {
-        return bytes();
-    }
-
-    void swap( span & other )
-    {
-        using std::swap;
-        swap( begin_, other.begin_ );
-        swap( end_  , other.end_   );
-    }
-
-    span< const byte > as_bytes() const
-    {
-        return span< const byte >( reinterpret_cast<const byte *>( data() ), bytes() );
-    }
-
-    span< byte > as_writeable_bytes() const
-    {
-        return span< byte >( reinterpret_cast<byte *>( data() ), bytes() );
-    }
-
-    template< class U >
-    struct mk
-    {
-        static span<U> view( U * data, size_type size )
-        {
-            return span<U>( data, size );
-        }
-    };
-
-    template< typename U >
-    span< U > as_span( U u = U() ) const
-    {
-        Expects( ( this->bytes() % sizeof(U) ) == 0 );
-        return mk<U>::view( reinterpret_cast<U *>( this->data() ), this->bytes() / sizeof( U ) );
-    }
-
-private:
-    pointer begin_;
-    pointer end_;
-};
-
-// span creator functions (see ctors)
-
-template< typename T>
-span< const byte > as_bytes( span<T> spn )
-{
-    return span< const byte >( reinterpret_cast<const byte *>( spn.data() ), spn.bytes() );
-}
-
-template< typename T>
-span< byte > as_writeable_bytes( span<T> spn )
-{
-    return span< byte >( reinterpret_cast<byte *>( spn.data() ), spn.bytes() );
-}
-
-template< typename T >
-span<T> as_span( T * begin, T * end )
-{
-    return span<T>( begin, end );
-}
-
-template< typename T >
-span<T> as_span( T * begin, size_t size )
-{
-    return span<T>( begin, size );
-}
-
-namespace detail {
-
-template< class T >
-struct mk
-{
-    static span<T> view( std::vector<T> & cont )
-    {
-        return span<T>( cont );
-    }
-};
-}
-
-template< class T >
-span<T> as_span( std::vector<T> & cont )
-{
-    return detail::mk<T>::view( cont );
-}
-
-//
-// String types:
-//
-
-typedef char * zstring;
-typedef wchar_t * zwstring;
-typedef const char * czstring;
-typedef const wchar_t * cwzstring;
-
-typedef span< char > string_span;
-typedef span< wchar_t > wstring_span;
-typedef span< const char > cstring_span;
-typedef span< const wchar_t > cwstring_span;
-
-// to_string() allow (explicit) conversions from string_span to string
-
-inline std::string to_string( string_span const & view )
-{
-    return std::string( view.data(), view.length() );
-}
-
-inline std::string to_string( cstring_span const & view )
-{
-    return std::string( view.data(), view.length() );
-}
-
-inline std::wstring to_string( wstring_span const & view )
-{
-    return std::wstring( view.data(), view.length() );
-}
-
-inline std::wstring to_string( cwstring_span const & view )
-{
-    return std::wstring( view.data(), view.length() );
-}
-
-//
-// ensure_sentinel()
-//
-// Provides a way to obtain a span from a contiguous sequence
-// that ends with a (non-inclusive) sentinel value.
-//
-// Will fail-fast if sentinel cannot be found before max elements are examined.
-//
-namespace detail {
-
-template<class T, class SizeType, const T Sentinel>
-struct ensure
-{
-    static span<T> sentinel( T * seq, SizeType max = (std::numeric_limits<SizeType>::max)() )
-    {
-        typedef T * pointer;
-        typedef typename std::iterator_traits<pointer>::difference_type difference_type;
-
-        pointer cur = seq;
-
-        while ( std::distance( seq, cur ) < static_cast<difference_type>( max ) && *cur != Sentinel )
-            ++cur;
-
-        Expects( *cur == Sentinel );
-
-        return span<T>( seq, cur - seq );
-    }
-};
-} // namespace detail
-
-//
-// ensure_z - creates a string_span for a czstring or cwzstring.
-// Will fail fast if a null-terminator cannot be found before
-// the limit of size_type.
-//
-
-template< typename T >
-span<T> ensure_z( T * sz, size_t max = (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)() )
-{
-    return detail::ensure<T, size_t, 0>::sentinel( sz, max );
-}
-
-} // namespace gsl
-
-// at( std::vector ):
-
-gsl_MK_AT( std::vector )
-
-#endif // GSL_GSL_LITE_H_INCLUDED
-
-// end of file
diff --git a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite.h b/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a738253..0000000
--- a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-//
-// gsl-lite is based on GSL: Guidelines Support Library.
-// For more information see https://github.com/gsl-lite/gsl-lite
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2015 Martin Moene
-// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 
-// 
-// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT). 
-// 
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN 
-// THE SOFTWARE. 
-
-// mimic MS include hierarchy
-
-#ifndef GSL_GSL_LITE_H_INCLUDED
-#define GSL_GSL_LITE_H_INCLUDED
-
-#pragma message ("gsl/gsl-lite.h is deprecated since version 0.27.0, use gsl/gsl-lite.hpp instead.")
-
-#include "gsl-lite.hpp"
-
-#endif // GSL_GSL_LITE_H_INCLUDED
diff --git a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite.hpp b/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 859f9cc..0000000
--- a/thirdparty/gsl-lite-0.37.0/include/gsl/gsl-lite.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4156 +0,0 @@
-//
-// gsl-lite is based on GSL: Guidelines Support Library.
-// For more information see https://github.com/gsl-lite/gsl-lite
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2015-2018 Martin Moene
-// Copyright (c) 2015-2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-//
-// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-#ifndef GSL_GSL_LITE_HPP_INCLUDED
-#define GSL_GSL_LITE_HPP_INCLUDED
-
-#include <algorithm> // for swap() [pre-C++11], equal(), lexicographical_compare()
-#include <exception> // for exception, terminate(), uncaught_exceptions()
-#include <iterator>  // for data(), size(), reverse_iterator<>, iterator_traits<>
-#include <limits>
-#include <memory>    // for addressof(), unique_ptr<>, shared_ptr<>
-#include <iosfwd>    // for basic_ostream<>
-#include <ios>       // for ios_base, streamsize
-#include <stdexcept> // for logic_error
-#include <string>
-#include <utility>   // for move(), forward<>(), swap()
-#include <cstddef>   // for size_t, ptrdiff_t, nullptr_t
-
-#define  gsl_lite_MAJOR  0
-#define  gsl_lite_MINOR  37
-#define  gsl_lite_PATCH  0
-
-#define  gsl_lite_VERSION  gsl_STRINGIFY(gsl_lite_MAJOR) "." gsl_STRINGIFY(gsl_lite_MINOR) "." gsl_STRINGIFY(gsl_lite_PATCH)
-
-// gsl-lite backward compatibility:
-
-#if !defined( gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION )
-# define gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION gsl_lite_MAJOR
-#endif
-
-#ifdef gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR
-# define gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_UNCONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR  gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR
-# pragma message ("gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR is deprecated since gsl-lite 0.7; replace with gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_UNCONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR, or consider span(with_container, cont).")
-#endif
-
-#if defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_ON )
-# pragma message ("gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_ON is deprecated since gsl-lite 0.36; replace with gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_ON.")
-# define gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_ON
-#endif
-#if defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_OFF )
-# pragma message ("gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_OFF is deprecated since gsl-lite 0.36; replace with gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_OFF.")
-# define gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_OFF
-#endif
-#if   defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_EXPECTS_ONLY )
-# pragma message ("gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_EXPECTS_ONLY is deprecated since gsl-lite 0.36; replace with gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_ENSURES_OFF.")
-# define gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_ON
-# define gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_ENSURES_OFF
-#elif defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_ENSURES_ONLY )
-# pragma message ("gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_LEVEL_ENSURES_ONLY is deprecated since gsl-lite 0.36; replace with gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_EXPECTS_OFF.")
-# define gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_ON
-# define gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_EXPECTS_OFF
-#endif
-
-// M-GSL compatibility:
-
-#if defined( GSL_THROW_ON_CONTRACT_VIOLATION )
-# define gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS
-#endif
-
-#if defined( GSL_TERMINATE_ON_CONTRACT_VIOLATION )
-# define gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_TERMINATES
-#endif
-
-#if defined( GSL_UNENFORCED_ON_CONTRACT_VIOLATION )
-# define gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_OFF
-#endif
-
-// Configuration: Features
-
-#ifndef  gsl_FEATURE_WITH_CONTAINER_TO_STD
-# define gsl_FEATURE_WITH_CONTAINER_TO_STD  99
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_FEATURE_MAKE_SPAN_TO_STD
-# define gsl_FEATURE_MAKE_SPAN_TO_STD  99
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_FEATURE_BYTE_SPAN_TO_STD
-# define gsl_FEATURE_BYTE_SPAN_TO_STD  99
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_FEATURE_IMPLICIT_MACRO
-# define gsl_FEATURE_IMPLICIT_MACRO  0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_FEATURE_OWNER_MACRO
-# define gsl_FEATURE_OWNER_MACRO  (gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION == 0)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_FEATURE_EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD
-# define gsl_FEATURE_EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD  0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_FEATURE_GSL_LITE_NAMESPACE
-# define gsl_FEATURE_GSL_LITE_NAMESPACE  (gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION >= 1)
-#endif
-
-// Configuration: Other
-
-#if defined( gsl_CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_NOT_NULL ) && gsl_CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_NOT_NULL && defined( gsl_CONFIG_NOT_NULL_GET_BY_CONST_REF )
-# error configuration option gsl_CONFIG_NOT_NULL_GET_BY_CONST_REF is meaningless if gsl_CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_NOT_NULL=1
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL
-# if gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION >= 1
-#  define gsl_CONFIG_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL  6
-# else
-#  define gsl_CONFIG_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL  0
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_SPAN_INDEX_TYPE
-# define gsl_CONFIG_SPAN_INDEX_TYPE  std::size_t
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_INDEX_TYPE
-# if gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION >= 1
-// p0122r3 uses std::ptrdiff_t
-#  define gsl_CONFIG_INDEX_TYPE  std::ptrdiff_t
-# else
-#  define gsl_CONFIG_INDEX_TYPE  gsl_CONFIG_SPAN_INDEX_TYPE
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_NOT_NULL_EXPLICIT_CTOR
-# define gsl_CONFIG_NOT_NULL_EXPLICIT_CTOR  (gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION >= 1)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_NOT_NULL_GET_BY_CONST_REF
-# define gsl_CONFIG_NOT_NULL_GET_BY_CONST_REF  0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_NOT_NULL
-# define gsl_CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_NOT_NULL  (gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION >= 1)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS
-# define gsl_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS  0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_SPAN_COMPARISON
-# define gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_SPAN_COMPARISON  (gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION == 0)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_NONSTRICT_SPAN_COMPARISON
-# define gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_NONSTRICT_SPAN_COMPARISON  1
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_UNCONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR
-# define gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_UNCONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR  0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef  gsl_CONFIG_NARROW_THROWS_ON_TRUNCATION
-# define gsl_CONFIG_NARROW_THROWS_ON_TRUNCATION  (gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION >= 1)
-#endif
-
-#if 1 < defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_AUDIT ) + defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_ON ) + defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_OFF )
-# error only one of gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_AUDIT, gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_ON, and gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_OFF may be defined
-#endif
-#if 1 < defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS ) + defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_TERMINATES ) + defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_CALLS_HANDLER )
-# error only one of gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS, gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_TERMINATES, and gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_CALLS_HANDLER may be defined
-#endif
-#if 1 < defined( gsl_CONFIG_UNENFORCED_CONTRACTS_ASSUME ) + defined( gsl_CONFIG_UNENFORCED_CONTRACTS_ELIDE )
-# error only one of gsl_CONFIG_UNENFORCED_CONTRACTS_ASSUME and gsl_CONFIG_UNENFORCED_CONTRACTS_ELIDE may be defined
-#endif
-
-// C++ language version detection (C++20 is speculative):
-// Note: VC14.0/1900 (VS2015) lacks too much from C++14.
-
-#ifndef   gsl_CPLUSPLUS
-# if defined(_MSVC_LANG ) && !defined(__clang__)
-#  define gsl_CPLUSPLUS  (_MSC_VER == 1900 ? 201103L : _MSVC_LANG )
-# else
-#  define gsl_CPLUSPLUS  __cplusplus
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#define gsl_CPP98_OR_GREATER  ( gsl_CPLUSPLUS >= 199711L )
-#define gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER  ( gsl_CPLUSPLUS >= 201103L )
-#define gsl_CPP14_OR_GREATER  ( gsl_CPLUSPLUS >= 201402L )
-#define gsl_CPP17_OR_GREATER  ( gsl_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L )
-#define gsl_CPP20_OR_GREATER  ( gsl_CPLUSPLUS >= 202000L )
-
-// C++ language version (represent 98 as 3):
-
-#define gsl_CPLUSPLUS_V  ( gsl_CPLUSPLUS / 100 - (gsl_CPLUSPLUS > 200000 ? 2000 : 1994) )
-
-// half-open range [lo..hi):
-#define gsl_BETWEEN( v, lo, hi ) ( (lo) <= (v) && (v) < (hi) )
-
-// Compiler versions:
-
-// MSVC++  6.0  _MSC_VER == 1200  gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION ==  60  (Visual Studio 6.0)
-// MSVC++  7.0  _MSC_VER == 1300  gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION ==  70  (Visual Studio .NET 2002)
-// MSVC++  7.1  _MSC_VER == 1310  gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION ==  71  (Visual Studio .NET 2003)
-// MSVC++  8.0  _MSC_VER == 1400  gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION ==  80  (Visual Studio 2005)
-// MSVC++  9.0  _MSC_VER == 1500  gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION ==  90  (Visual Studio 2008)
-// MSVC++ 10.0  _MSC_VER == 1600  gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 100  (Visual Studio 2010)
-// MSVC++ 11.0  _MSC_VER == 1700  gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 110  (Visual Studio 2012)
-// MSVC++ 12.0  _MSC_VER == 1800  gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 120  (Visual Studio 2013)
-// MSVC++ 14.0  _MSC_VER == 1900  gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 140  (Visual Studio 2015)
-// MSVC++ 14.1  _MSC_VER >= 1910  gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 141  (Visual Studio 2017)
-// MSVC++ 14.2  _MSC_VER >= 1920  gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 142  (Visual Studio 2019)
-
-#if defined(_MSC_VER ) && !defined(__clang__)
-# define gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER           (_MSC_VER )
-# define gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION       (_MSC_VER / 10 - 10 * ( 5 + (_MSC_VER < 1900 ) ) )
-# define gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION_FULL  (_MSC_VER - 100 * ( 5 + (_MSC_VER < 1900 ) ) )
-#else
-# define gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER           0
-# define gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION       0
-# define gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION_FULL  0
-#endif
-
-#define gsl_COMPILER_VERSION( major, minor, patch ) ( 10 * ( 10 * (major) + (minor) ) + (patch) )
-
-// AppleClang  7.0.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  7000172  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  700  (Xcode 7.0, 7.0.1)          (LLVM 3.7.0)
-// AppleClang  7.0.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  7000176  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  700  (Xcode 7.1)                 (LLVM 3.7.0)
-// AppleClang  7.0.2  __apple_build_version__ ==  7000181  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  702  (Xcode 7.2, 7.2.1)          (LLVM 3.7.0)
-// AppleClang  7.3.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  7030029  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  730  (Xcode 7.3)                 (LLVM 3.8.0)
-// AppleClang  7.3.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  7030031  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  730  (Xcode 7.3.1)               (LLVM 3.8.0)
-// AppleClang  8.0.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  8000038  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  800  (Xcode 8.0)                 (LLVM 3.9.0)
-// AppleClang  8.0.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  8000042  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  800  (Xcode 8.1, 8.2, 8.2.1)     (LLVM 3.9.0)
-// AppleClang  8.1.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  8020038  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  810  (Xcode 8.3)                 (LLVM 3.9.0)
-// AppleClang  8.1.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  8020041  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  810  (Xcode 8.3.1)               (LLVM 3.9.0)
-// AppleClang  8.1.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  8020042  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  810  (Xcode 8.3.2, 8.3.3)        (LLVM 3.9.0)
-// AppleClang  9.0.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  9000037  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  900  (Xcode 9.0)                 (LLVM 4.0.0?)
-// AppleClang  9.0.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  9000038  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  900  (Xcode 9.1)                 (LLVM 4.0.0?)
-// AppleClang  9.0.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  9000039  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  900  (Xcode 9.2)                 (LLVM 4.0.0?)
-// AppleClang  9.1.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  9020039  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  910  (Xcode 9.3, 9.3.1)          (LLVM 5.0.2?)
-// AppleClang  9.1.0  __apple_build_version__ ==  9020039  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION ==  910  (Xcode 9.4, 9.4.1)          (LLVM 5.0.2?)
-// AppleClang 10.0.0  __apple_build_version__ == 10001145  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION == 1000  (Xcode 10.0, 10.1)          (LLVM 6.0.1?)
-// AppleClang 10.0.1  __apple_build_version__ == 10010046  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION == 1001  (Xcode 10.2, 10.2.1, 10.3)  (LLVM 7.0.0?)
-// AppleClang 11.0.0  __apple_build_version__ == 11000033  gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION == 1100  (Xcode 11.1, 11.2, 11.3)    (LLVM 8.0.0?)
-
-#if defined( __apple_build_version__ )
-# define gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION gsl_COMPILER_VERSION( __clang_major__, __clang_minor__, __clang_patchlevel__ )
-# define gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION 0
-#elif defined( __clang__ )
-# define gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION 0
-# define gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION gsl_COMPILER_VERSION( __clang_major__, __clang_minor__, __clang_patchlevel__ )
-#else
-# define gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION 0
-# define gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION 0
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
-# define gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION gsl_COMPILER_VERSION( __GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ )
-#else
-# define gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION 0
-#endif
-
-// Compiler non-strict aliasing:
-
-#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
-# define gsl_may_alias  __attribute__((__may_alias__))
-#else
-# define gsl_may_alias
-#endif
-
-// Presence of gsl, language and library features:
-
-#define gsl_IN_STD( v )  ( ((v) == 98 ? 3 : (v)) >= gsl_CPLUSPLUS_V )
-
-#define gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( level )  ( level <= gsl_CONFIG_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL )
-#define gsl_FEATURE_TO_STD(   feature )  ( gsl_IN_STD( gsl_FEATURE( feature##_TO_STD ) ) )
-#define gsl_FEATURE(          feature )  ( gsl_FEATURE_##feature )
-#define gsl_CONFIG(           feature )  ( gsl_CONFIG_##feature )
-#define gsl_HAVE(             feature )  ( gsl_HAVE_##feature )
-
-// Presence of wide character support:
-
-#ifdef __DJGPP__
-# define gsl_HAVE_WCHAR 0
-#else
-# define gsl_HAVE_WCHAR 1
-#endif
-
-// Presence of language & library features:
-
-#if gsl_BETWEEN(gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION, 1, 500) || gsl_BETWEEN(gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION, 1, 360) || gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION
-# ifdef __EXCEPTIONS
-#  define gsl_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS  1
-# else
-#  define gsl_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS  0
-# endif // __EXCEPTIONS
-#elif gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION >= 500 || gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION >= 500
-# ifdef __cpp_exceptions
-#  define gsl_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS  1
-# else
-#  define gsl_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS  0
-# endif // __cpp_exceptions
-#elif gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION
-# ifdef _CPPUNWIND
-#  define gsl_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS  1
-# else
-#  define gsl_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS  0
-# endif // _CPPUNWIND
-#else
-// For all other compilers, assume exceptions are always enabled.
-# define  gsl_HAVE_EXCEPTIONS  1
-#endif
-
-#if defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS ) && !gsl_HAVE( EXCEPTIONS )
-# error Cannot use gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS if exceptions are disabled.
-#endif // defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS ) && !gsl_HAVE( EXCEPTIONS )
-
-#ifdef _HAS_CPP0X
-# define gsl_HAS_CPP0X  _HAS_CPP0X
-#else
-# define gsl_HAS_CPP0X  0
-#endif
-
-#define gsl_CPP11_100  (gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1600)
-#define gsl_CPP11_110  (gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1700)
-#define gsl_CPP11_120  (gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1800)
-#define gsl_CPP11_140  (gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1900)
-
-#define gsl_CPP14_000  (gsl_CPP14_OR_GREATER)
-#define gsl_CPP14_120  (gsl_CPP14_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1800)
-#define gsl_CPP14_140  (gsl_CPP14_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1900)
-
-#define gsl_CPP17_000  (gsl_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
-#define gsl_CPP17_140  (gsl_CPP17_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1900)
-
-#define gsl_CPP11_140_CPP0X_90   (gsl_CPP11_140 || (gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1500 && gsl_HAS_CPP0X))
-#define gsl_CPP11_140_CPP0X_100  (gsl_CPP11_140 || (gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1600 && gsl_HAS_CPP0X))
-
-// Presence of C++11 language features:
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_AUTO                   gsl_CPP11_100
-#define gsl_HAVE_NULLPTR                gsl_CPP11_100
-#define gsl_HAVE_RVALUE_REFERENCE       gsl_CPP11_100
-#define gsl_HAVE_FUNCTION_REF_QUALIFIER ( gsl_CPP14_140 && ! gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION, 1, 481 ) )
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_ENUM_CLASS             gsl_CPP11_110
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_ALIAS_TEMPLATE         gsl_CPP11_120
-#define gsl_HAVE_DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG  gsl_CPP11_120
-#define gsl_HAVE_EXPLICIT               gsl_CPP11_120
-#define gsl_HAVE_INITIALIZER_LIST       gsl_CPP11_120
-#define gsl_HAVE_VARIADIC_TEMPLATE      gsl_CPP11_120
-#define gsl_HAVE_IS_DELETE              gsl_CPP11_120
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_CONSTEXPR_11           gsl_CPP11_140
-#define gsl_HAVE_IS_DEFAULT             gsl_CPP11_140
-#define gsl_HAVE_NOEXCEPT               gsl_CPP11_140
-#define gsl_HAVE_NORETURN               ( gsl_CPP11_140 && ! gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION, 1, 480 ) )
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_EXPRESSION_SFINAE      gsl_CPP11_140
-
-#if gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER
-// see above
-#endif
-
-// Presence of C++14 language features:
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_CONSTEXPR_14           ( gsl_CPP14_000 && ! gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION, 1, 600 ) )
-#define gsl_HAVE_DECLTYPE_AUTO          gsl_CPP14_140
-#define gsl_HAVE_DEPRECATED             ( gsl_CPP14_140 && ! gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION, 1, 142 ) )
-
-// Presence of C++17 language features:
-// MSVC: template parameter deduction guides since Visual Studio 2017 v15.7
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_ENUM_CLASS_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_UNDERLYING_TYPE  gsl_CPP17_000
-#define gsl_HAVE_DEDUCTION_GUIDES       ( gsl_CPP17_000 && ! gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION_FULL, 1, 1414 ) )
-#define gsl_HAVE_NODISCARD              gsl_CPP17_000
-#define gsl_HAVE_CONSTEXPR_17           gsl_CPP17_OR_GREATER
-
-// Presence of C++20 language features:
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_CONSTEXPR_20           gsl_CPP20_OR_GREATER
-
-// Presence of C++ library features:
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_ADDRESSOF              gsl_CPP17_000
-#define gsl_HAVE_ARRAY                  gsl_CPP11_110
-#define gsl_HAVE_TYPE_TRAITS            gsl_CPP11_110
-#define gsl_HAVE_TR1_TYPE_TRAITS        gsl_CPP11_110
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_CONTAINER_DATA_METHOD  gsl_CPP11_140_CPP0X_90
-#define gsl_HAVE_STD_DATA               gsl_CPP17_000
-#ifdef __cpp_lib_ssize
-# define gsl_HAVE_STD_SSIZE             1
-#else
-# define gsl_HAVE_STD_SSIZE             ( gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION >= 1000 && __cplusplus > 201703L )
-#endif
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_SIZED_TYPES            gsl_CPP11_140
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_MAKE_SHARED            gsl_CPP11_140_CPP0X_100
-#define gsl_HAVE_SHARED_PTR             gsl_CPP11_140_CPP0X_100
-#define gsl_HAVE_UNIQUE_PTR             gsl_CPP11_140_CPP0X_100
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_MAKE_UNIQUE            gsl_CPP14_120
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS    gsl_CPP17_140
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_ADD_CONST              gsl_HAVE_TYPE_TRAITS
-#define gsl_HAVE_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT      gsl_HAVE_TYPE_TRAITS
-#define gsl_HAVE_REMOVE_CONST           gsl_HAVE_TYPE_TRAITS
-#define gsl_HAVE_REMOVE_REFERENCE       gsl_HAVE_TYPE_TRAITS
-#define gsl_HAVE_REMOVE_CVREF           gsl_CPP20_OR_GREATER
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_TR1_ADD_CONST          gsl_HAVE_TR1_TYPE_TRAITS
-#define gsl_HAVE_TR1_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT  gsl_HAVE_TR1_TYPE_TRAITS
-#define gsl_HAVE_TR1_REMOVE_CONST       gsl_HAVE_TR1_TYPE_TRAITS
-#define gsl_HAVE_TR1_REMOVE_REFERENCE   gsl_HAVE_TR1_TYPE_TRAITS
-
-// C++ feature usage:
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( ADDRESSOF )
-# define gsl_ADDRESSOF(x)  std::addressof(x)
-#else
-# define gsl_ADDRESSOF(x)  (&x)
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( CONSTEXPR_11 )
-# define gsl_constexpr constexpr
-#else
-# define gsl_constexpr /*constexpr*/
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( CONSTEXPR_14 )
-# define gsl_constexpr14 constexpr
-#else
-# define gsl_constexpr14 /*constexpr*/
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( CONSTEXPR_17 )
-# define gsl_constexpr17 constexpr
-#else
-# define gsl_constexpr17 /*constexpr*/
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( CONSTEXPR_20 )
-# define gsl_constexpr20 constexpr
-#else
-# define gsl_constexpr20 /*constexpr*/
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( EXPLICIT )
-# define gsl_explicit explicit
-#else
-# define gsl_explicit /*explicit*/
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE( IMPLICIT_MACRO )
-# define implicit /*implicit*/
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( IS_DELETE )
-# define gsl_is_delete = delete
-#else
-# define gsl_is_delete
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( IS_DELETE )
-# define gsl_is_delete_access public
-#else
-# define gsl_is_delete_access private
-#endif
-
-#if !gsl_HAVE( NOEXCEPT ) || defined( gsl_TESTING_ )
-# define gsl_noexcept /*noexcept*/
-#else
-# define gsl_noexcept noexcept
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( NULLPTR )
-# define gsl_nullptr  nullptr
-#else
-# define gsl_nullptr  NULL
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( NODISCARD )
-# define gsl_NODISCARD [[nodiscard]]
-#else
-# define gsl_NODISCARD
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( NORETURN )
-# define gsl_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-# define gsl_NORETURN __declspec(noreturn)
-#else
-# define gsl_NORETURN
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( DEPRECATED ) && !defined( gsl_TESTING_ )
-# define gsl_DEPRECATED             [[deprecated]]
-# define gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG( msg )  [[deprecated( msg )]]
-#else
-# define gsl_DEPRECATED
-# define gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG( msg )
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-
-#define gsl_DEFINE_ENUM_BITMASK_OPERATORS_( ENUM )                    \
-    gsl_NODISCARD gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr ENUM                   \
-    operator~( ENUM val ) gsl_noexcept                                \
-    {                                                                 \
-        typedef typename ::gsl::std11::underlying_type<ENUM>::type U; \
-        return ENUM( ~U( val ) );                                     \
-    }                                                                 \
-    gsl_NODISCARD gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr ENUM                   \
-    operator|( ENUM lhs, ENUM rhs ) gsl_noexcept                      \
-    {                                                                 \
-        typedef typename ::gsl::std11::underlying_type<ENUM>::type U; \
-        return ENUM( U( lhs ) | U( rhs ) );                           \
-    }                                                                 \
-    gsl_NODISCARD gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr ENUM                   \
-    operator&( ENUM lhs, ENUM rhs ) gsl_noexcept                      \
-    {                                                                 \
-        typedef typename ::gsl::std11::underlying_type<ENUM>::type U; \
-        return ENUM( U( lhs ) & U( rhs ) );                           \
-    }                                                                 \
-    gsl_NODISCARD gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr ENUM                   \
-    operator^( ENUM lhs, ENUM rhs ) gsl_noexcept                      \
-    {                                                                 \
-        typedef typename ::gsl::std11::underlying_type<ENUM>::type U; \
-        return ENUM( U( lhs ) ^ U( rhs ) );                           \
-    }                                                                 \
-    gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr14 ENUM &                             \
-    operator|=( ENUM & lhs, ENUM rhs ) gsl_noexcept                   \
-    {                                                                 \
-        return lhs = lhs | rhs;                                       \
-    }                                                                 \
-    gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr14 ENUM &                             \
-    operator&=( ENUM & lhs, ENUM rhs ) gsl_noexcept                   \
-    {                                                                 \
-        return lhs = lhs & rhs;                                       \
-    }                                                                 \
-    gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr14 ENUM &                             \
-    operator^=( ENUM & lhs, ENUM rhs ) gsl_noexcept                   \
-    {                                                                 \
-        return lhs = lhs ^ rhs;                                       \
-    }
-
-#define gsl_DEFINE_ENUM_RELATIONAL_OPERATORS_( ENUM )                 \
-    gsl_NODISCARD gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr bool                   \
-    operator<( ENUM lhs, ENUM rhs ) gsl_noexcept                      \
-    {                                                                 \
-        typedef typename ::gsl::std11::underlying_type<ENUM>::type U; \
-        return U( lhs ) < U( rhs );                                   \
-    }                                                                 \
-    gsl_NODISCARD gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr bool                   \
-    operator>( ENUM lhs, ENUM rhs ) gsl_noexcept                      \
-    {                                                                 \
-        typedef typename ::gsl::std11::underlying_type<ENUM>::type U; \
-        return U( lhs ) > U( rhs );                                   \
-    }                                                                 \
-    gsl_NODISCARD gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr bool                   \
-    operator<=( ENUM lhs, ENUM rhs ) gsl_noexcept                     \
-    {                                                                 \
-        typedef typename ::gsl::std11::underlying_type<ENUM>::type U; \
-        return U( lhs ) <= U( rhs );                                  \
-    }                                                                 \
-    gsl_NODISCARD gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr bool                   \
-    operator>=( ENUM lhs, ENUM rhs ) gsl_noexcept                     \
-    {                                                                 \
-        typedef typename ::gsl::std11::underlying_type<ENUM>::type U; \
-        return U( lhs ) >= U( rhs );                                  \
-    }
-
-    //
-    // Defines bitmask operators `|`, `&`, `^`, `~`, `|=`, `&=`, and `^=` for the given enum type.
-    //ᅟ
-    //ᅟ    enum class Vegetables {
-    //ᅟ        tomato   = 0b001,
-    //ᅟ        onion    = 0b010,
-    //ᅟ        eggplant = 0b100
-    //ᅟ    };
-    //ᅟ    gsl_DEFINE_ENUM_BITMASK_OPERATORS( Vegetables )
-    //
-#define gsl_DEFINE_ENUM_BITMASK_OPERATORS( ENUM ) gsl_DEFINE_ENUM_BITMASK_OPERATORS_( ENUM )
-
-    //
-    // Defines relational operators `<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=` for the given enum type.
-    //ᅟ
-    //ᅟ    enum class OperatorPrecedence {
-    //ᅟ        additive = 0,
-    //ᅟ        multiplicative = 1,
-    //ᅟ        power = 2
-    //ᅟ    };
-    //ᅟ    gsl_DEFINE_ENUM_RELATIONAL_OPERATORS( OperatorPrecedence )
-    //
-#define gsl_DEFINE_ENUM_RELATIONAL_OPERATORS( ENUM ) gsl_DEFINE_ENUM_RELATIONAL_OPERATORS_( ENUM )
-
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-
-#define gsl_DIMENSION_OF( a ) ( sizeof(a) / sizeof(0[a]) )
-
-
-// Method enabling (C++98, VC120 (VS2013) cannot use __VA_ARGS__)
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( EXPRESSION_SFINAE )
-# define gsl_DECLTYPE_(T, EXPR) decltype( EXPR )
-#else
-# define gsl_DECLTYPE_(T, EXPR) T
-#endif
-
-// NOTE: When using SFINAE in gsl-lite, please note that overloads of function templates must always use SFINAE with non-type default arguments
-//       as explained in https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/enable_if#Notes. `gsl_ENABLE_IF_()` implements graceful fallback to default
-//       type arguments (for compilers that don't support non-type default arguments); please verify that this is appropriate in the given
-//       situation, and add additional checks if necessary.
-//
-//       Also, please note that `gsl_ENABLE_IF_()` doesn't enforce the constraint at all if no compiler/library support is available (i.e. pre-C++11).
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG )
-# if !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION, 1, 140 ) // VS 2013 seems to have trouble with SFINAE for default non-type arguments
-#  define gsl_ENABLE_IF_(VA) , typename std::enable_if< ( VA ), int >::type = 0
-# else
-#  define gsl_ENABLE_IF_(VA) , typename = typename std::enable_if< ( VA ), ::gsl::detail::enabler >::type
-# endif
-#else
-# define  gsl_ENABLE_IF_(VA)
-#endif
-
-
-// Other features:
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_CONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR  \
-    ( gsl_HAVE_DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG && gsl_HAVE_CONTAINER_DATA_METHOD )
-
-// Note: !defined(__NVCC__) doesn't work with nvcc here:
-#define gsl_HAVE_UNCONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR  \
-    ( gsl_CONFIG_ALLOWS_UNCONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR && (__NVCC__== 0) )
-
-// GSL API (e.g. for CUDA platform):
-
-// Guidelines for using `gsl_api`:
-//
-// NVCC imposes the restriction that a function annotated `__host__ __device__` cannot call host-only or device-only functions.
-// This makes `gsl_api` inappropriate for generic functions that call unknown code, e.g. the template constructors of `span<>`
-// or functions like `finally()` which accept an arbitrary  function object.
-// It is often preferable to annotate functions only with `gsl_constexpr` or `gsl_constexpr14`. The "extended constexpr" mode
-// of NVCC (currently an experimental feature) will implicitly consider constexpr functions `__host__ __device__` functions
-// but tolerates calls to host-only or device-only functions.
-
-#ifndef   gsl_api
-# ifdef   __CUDACC__
-#  define gsl_api __host__ __device__
-# else
-#  define gsl_api /*gsl_api*/
-# endif
-#endif
-
-// Additional includes:
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( ARRAY )
-# include <array>
-#endif
-
-#if !gsl_HAVE( CONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR ) || !gsl_HAVE( AUTO )
-# include <vector>
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( INITIALIZER_LIST )
-# include <initializer_list>
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-# include <type_traits> // for enable_if<>,
-                        // add_const<>, add_pointer<>, common_type<>, make_signed<>, remove_cv<>, remove_const<>, remove_volatile<>, remove_reference<>, remove_cvref<>, remove_pointer<>, underlying_type<>,
-                        // is_assignable<>, is_constructible<>, is_const<>, is_convertible<>, is_integral<>, is_pointer<>, is_signed<>,
-                        // integral_constant<>, declval()
-#elif gsl_HAVE( TR1_TYPE_TRAITS )
-# include <tr1/type_traits> // for add_const<>, remove_cv<>, remove_const<>, remove_volatile<>, remove_reference<>, integral_constant<>
-#endif
-
-// MSVC warning suppression macros:
-
-#if gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION >= 140 && !defined(__NVCC__)
-# define gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(expr)        [[gsl::suppress(expr)]]
-# define gsl_SUPPRESS_MSVC_WARNING(code, descr)  __pragma(warning(suppress: code) )
-# define gsl_DISABLE_MSVC_WARNINGS(codes)        __pragma(warning(push))  __pragma(warning(disable: codes))
-# define gsl_RESTORE_MSVC_WARNINGS()             __pragma(warning(pop ))
-#else
-// TODO: define for Clang
-# define gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(expr)
-# define gsl_SUPPRESS_MSVC_WARNING(code, descr)
-# define gsl_DISABLE_MSVC_WARNINGS(codes)
-# define gsl_RESTORE_MSVC_WARNINGS()
-#endif
-
-// Suppress the following MSVC GSL warnings:
-// - C26432: gsl::c.21 : if you define or delete any default operation in the type '...', define or delete them all
-// - C26410: gsl::r.32 : the parameter 'ptr' is a reference to const unique pointer, use const T* or const T& instead
-// - C26415: gsl::r.30 : smart pointer parameter 'ptr' is used only to access contained pointer. Use T* or T& instead
-// - C26418: gsl::r.36 : shared pointer parameter 'ptr' is not copied or moved. Use T* or T& instead
-// - C26472: gsl::t.1  : don't use a static_cast for arithmetic conversions;
-//                       use brace initialization, gsl::narrow_cast or gsl::narrow
-// - C26439: gsl::f.6  : special function 'function' can be declared 'noexcept'
-// - C26440: gsl::f.6  : function 'function' can be declared 'noexcept'
-// - C26455: gsl::f.6  : default constructor may not throw. Declare it 'noexcept'
-// - C26473: gsl::t.1  : don't cast between pointer types where the source type and the target type are the same
-// - C26481: gsl::b.1  : don't use pointer arithmetic. Use span instead
-// - C26482: gsl::b.2  : only index into arrays using constant expressions
-// - C26446: gdl::b.4  : prefer to use gsl::at() instead of unchecked subscript operator
-// - C26490: gsl::t.1  : don't use reinterpret_cast
-// - C26487: gsl::l.4  : don't return a pointer '(<some number>'s result)' that may be invalid
-
-gsl_DISABLE_MSVC_WARNINGS( 26432 26410 26415 26418 26472 26439 26440 26455 26473 26481 26482 26446 26490 26487 )
-
-namespace gsl {
-
-// forward declare span<>:
-
-template< class T >
-class span;
-
-// C++11 emulation:
-
-namespace std11 {
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( ADD_CONST )
-
-using std::add_const;
-
-#elif gsl_HAVE( TR1_ADD_CONST )
-
-using std::tr1::add_const;
-
-#else
-
-template< class T > struct add_const { typedef const T type; };
-
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( ADD_CONST )
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( REMOVE_CONST )
-
-using std::remove_cv;
-using std::remove_const;
-using std::remove_volatile;
-
-#elif gsl_HAVE( TR1_REMOVE_CONST )
-
-using std::tr1::remove_cv;
-using std::tr1::remove_const;
-using std::tr1::remove_volatile;
-
-#else
-
-template< class T > struct remove_const          { typedef T type; };
-template< class T > struct remove_const<T const> { typedef T type; };
-
-template< class T > struct remove_volatile             { typedef T type; };
-template< class T > struct remove_volatile<T volatile> { typedef T type; };
-
-template< class T >
-struct remove_cv
-{
-    typedef typename remove_volatile<typename remove_const<T>::type>::type type;
-};
-
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( REMOVE_CONST )
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( REMOVE_REFERENCE )
-
-using std::remove_reference;
-
-#elif gsl_HAVE( TR1_REMOVE_REFERENCE )
-
-using std::tr1::remove_reference;
-
-#else
-
-template< class T > struct remove_reference { typedef T type; };
-template< class T > struct remove_reference<T&> { typedef T type; };
-# if gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-template< class T > struct remove_reference<T&&> { typedef T type; };
-# endif
-
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( REMOVE_REFERENCE )
-
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( INTEGRAL_CONSTANT )
-
-using std::integral_constant;
-using std::true_type;
-using std::false_type;
-
-#elif gsl_HAVE( TR1_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT )
-
-using std::tr1::integral_constant;
-using std::tr1::true_type;
-using std::tr1::false_type;
-
-#else
-
-template< class T, T v > struct integral_constant { enum { value = v }; };
-typedef integral_constant< bool, true  > true_type;
-typedef integral_constant< bool, false > false_type;
-
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-
-using std::underlying_type;
-
-#elif gsl_HAVE( TR1_TYPE_TRAITS )
-
-using std::tr1::underlying_type;
-
-#else
-
-// We could try to define `underlying_type<>` for pre-C++11 here, but let's not until someone actually needs it.
-
-#endif
-
-} // namespace std11
-
-// C++14 emulation:
-
-namespace std14 {
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( UNIQUE_PTR )
-# if gsl_HAVE( MAKE_UNIQUE )
-
-using std::make_unique;
-
-# elif gsl_HAVE( VARIADIC_TEMPLATE )
-
-template< class T, class... Args >
-std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique( Args &&... args )
-{
-    return std::unique_ptr<T>( new T( std::forward<Args>( args )... ) );
-}
-
-# endif // gsl_HAVE( MAKE_UNIQUE ), gsl_HAVE( VARIADIC_TEMPLATE )
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( UNIQUE_PTR )
-
-} // namespace std14
-
-namespace detail {
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( VARIADIC_TEMPLATE )
-
-template < bool V0, class T0, class... Ts > struct conjunction_ { using type = T0; };
-template < class T0, class T1, class... Ts > struct conjunction_<true, T0, T1, Ts...> : conjunction_<T1::value, T1, Ts...> { };
-template < bool V0, class T0, class... Ts > struct disjunction_ { using type = T0; };
-template < class T0, class T1, class... Ts > struct disjunction_<false, T0, T1, Ts...> : disjunction_<T1::value, T1, Ts...> { };
-
-#endif
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-// C++17 emulation:
-
-namespace std17 {
-
-template< bool v > struct bool_constant : std11::integral_constant<bool, v>{};
-
-#if gsl_CPP11_120
-
-template < class... Ts > struct conjunction;
-template < > struct conjunction< > : std11::true_type { };
-template < class T0, class... Ts > struct conjunction<T0, Ts...> : detail::conjunction_<T0::value, T0, Ts...>::type { };
-template < class... Ts > struct disjunction;
-template < > struct disjunction< > : std11::false_type { };
-template < class T0, class... Ts > struct disjunction<T0, Ts...> : detail::disjunction_<T0::value, T0, Ts...>::type { };
-template < class T > struct negation : std11::integral_constant<bool, !T::value> { };
-
-# if gsl_CPP14_OR_GREATER
-
-template < class... Ts > constexpr bool conjunction_v = conjunction<Ts...>::value;
-template < class... Ts > constexpr bool disjunction_v = disjunction<Ts...>::value;
-template < class T > constexpr bool negation_v = negation<T>::value;
-
-# endif // gsl_CPP14_OR_GREATER
-
-template< class... Ts >
-struct make_void { typedef void type; };
-
-template< class... Ts >
-using void_t = typename make_void< Ts... >::type;
-
-#endif // gsl_CPP11_120
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( STD_DATA )
-
-using std::data;
-using std::size;
-
-#elif gsl_HAVE( CONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR )
-
-template< class T, size_t N >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr auto size( T const(&)[N] ) gsl_noexcept -> size_t
-{
-    return N;
-}
-
-template< class C >
-inline gsl_constexpr auto size( C const & cont ) -> decltype( cont.size() )
-{
-    return cont.size();
-}
-
-template< class T, size_t N >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr auto data( T(&arr)[N] ) gsl_noexcept -> T*
-{
-    return &arr[0];
-}
-
-template< class C >
-inline gsl_constexpr auto data( C & cont ) -> decltype( cont.data() )
-{
-    return cont.data();
-}
-
-template< class C >
-inline gsl_constexpr auto data( C const & cont ) -> decltype( cont.data() )
-{
-    return cont.data();
-}
-
-template< class E >
-inline gsl_constexpr auto data( std::initializer_list<E> il ) gsl_noexcept -> E const *
-{
-    return il.begin();
-}
-
-#endif // span_HAVE( DATA )
-
-} // namespace std17
-
-// C++20 emulation:
-
-namespace std20 {
-
-#if gsl_CPP11_100
-
-struct identity
-{
-    template < class T >
-    gsl_constexpr T && operator ()( T && arg ) const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return std::forward<T>( arg );
-    }
-};
-
-#endif // gsl_CPP11_100
-
-template< class T >
-struct type_identity
-{
-    typedef T type;
-};
-#if gsl_HAVE( ALIAS_TEMPLATE )
-template< class T >
-using type_identity_t = typename type_identity<T>::type;
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( ALIAS_TEMPLATE )
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( STD_SSIZE )
-
-using std::ssize;
-
-#elif gsl_HAVE( CONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR )
-
-template < class C >
-gsl_constexpr auto ssize( C const & c )
-    -> typename std::common_type<std::ptrdiff_t, typename std::make_signed<decltype(c.size())>::type>::type
-{
-    using R = typename std::common_type<std::ptrdiff_t, typename std::make_signed<decltype(c.size())>::type>::type;
-    return static_cast<R>( c.size() );
-}
-
-template <class T, std::size_t N>
-gsl_constexpr auto ssize( T const(&)[N] ) gsl_noexcept -> std::ptrdiff_t
-{
-    return std::ptrdiff_t( N );
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( STD_SSIZE )
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( REMOVE_CVREF )
-
-using std::remove_cvref;
-
-#else
-
-template< class T > struct remove_cvref { typedef typename std11::remove_cv< typename std11::remove_reference< T >::type >::type type; };
-
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( REMOVE_CVREF )
-
-} // namespace std20
-
-namespace detail {
-
-/// for nsel_REQUIRES_T
-
-/*enum*/ class enabler{};
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-
-template< class Q >
-struct is_span_oracle : std::false_type{};
-
-template< class T>
-struct is_span_oracle< span<T> > : std::true_type{};
-
-template< class Q >
-struct is_span : is_span_oracle< typename std::remove_cv<Q>::type >{};
-
-template< class Q >
-struct is_std_array_oracle : std::false_type{};
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( ARRAY )
-
-template< class T, std::size_t Extent >
-struct is_std_array_oracle< std::array<T, Extent> > : std::true_type{};
-
-#endif
-
-template< class Q >
-struct is_std_array : is_std_array_oracle< typename std::remove_cv<Q>::type >{};
-
-template< class Q >
-struct is_array : std::false_type{};
-
-template< class T >
-struct is_array<T[]> : std::true_type{};
-
-template< class T, std::size_t N >
-struct is_array<T[N]> : std::true_type{};
-
-# if gsl_CPP11_140 && ! gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION, 1, 500 )
-
-template< class, class = void >
-struct has_size_and_data : std::false_type{};
-
-template< class C >
-struct has_size_and_data
-<
-    C, std17::void_t<
-        decltype( std17::size(std::declval<C>()) ),
-        decltype( std17::data(std::declval<C>()) ) >
-> : std::true_type{};
-
-template< class, class, class = void >
-struct is_compatible_element : std::false_type {};
-
-template< class C, class E >
-struct is_compatible_element
-<
-    C, E, std17::void_t<
-        decltype( std17::data(std::declval<C>()) ),
-        typename std::remove_pointer<decltype( std17::data( std::declval<C&>() ) )>::type(*)[] >
-> : std::is_convertible< typename std::remove_pointer<decltype( std17::data( std::declval<C&>() ) )>::type(*)[], E(*)[] >{};
-
-template< class C >
-struct is_container : std17::bool_constant
-<
-    ! is_span< C >::value
-    && ! is_array< C >::value
-    && ! is_std_array< C >::value
-    &&   has_size_and_data< C >::value
->{};
-
-template< class C, class E >
-struct is_compatible_container : std17::bool_constant
-<
-    is_container<C>::value
-    && is_compatible_element<C,E>::value
->{};
-
-# else // ^^^ gsl_CPP11_140 && ! gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION, 1, 500 ) ^^^ / vvv ! gsl_CPP11_140 || gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION, 1, 500 ) vvv
-
-template<
-    class C, class E
-        , typename = typename std::enable_if<
-            ! is_span< C >::value
-            && ! is_array< C >::value
-            && ! is_std_array< C >::value
-            && ( std::is_convertible< typename std::remove_pointer<decltype( std17::data( std::declval<C&>() ) )>::type(*)[], E(*)[] >::value)
-        //  &&   has_size_and_data< C >::value
-        , enabler>::type
-        , class = decltype( std17::size(std::declval<C>()) )
-        , class = decltype( std17::data(std::declval<C>()) )
->
-#  if gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION, 1, 140 )
-// VS2013 has insufficient support for expression SFINAE; we cannot make `is_compatible_container<>` a proper type trait here
-struct is_compatible_container : std::true_type { };
-#  else
-struct is_compatible_container_r { is_compatible_container_r(int); };
-template< class C, class E >
-std::true_type  is_compatible_container_f( is_compatible_container_r<C, E> );
-template< class C, class E >
-std::false_type is_compatible_container_f( ... );
-
-template< class C, class E >
-struct is_compatible_container : decltype( is_compatible_container_f< C, E >( 0 ) ) { };
-#  endif // gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION, 1, 140 )
-
-# endif // gsl_CPP11_140 && ! gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION, 1, 500 )
-
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-//
-// GSL.util: utilities
-//
-
-// Integer type for indices (e.g. in a loop).
-typedef gsl_CONFIG_INDEX_TYPE index;
-
-//
-// GSL.owner: ownership pointers
-//
-#if gsl_HAVE( SHARED_PTR )
-  using std::unique_ptr;
-  using std::shared_ptr;
-  using std::make_shared;
-# if gsl_HAVE( MAKE_UNIQUE ) || gsl_HAVE( VARIADIC_TEMPLATE )
-  using std14::make_unique;
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#if  gsl_HAVE( ALIAS_TEMPLATE )
-  template< class T
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-          , typename = typename std::enable_if< std::is_pointer<T>::value >::type
-#endif
-  >
-  using owner = T;
-#elif gsl_CONFIG_DEFAULTS_VERSION == 0
-  // TODO vNext: remove
-  template< class T > struct owner { typedef T type; };
-#endif
-
-#define gsl_HAVE_OWNER_TEMPLATE  gsl_HAVE_ALIAS_TEMPLATE
-
-// TODO vNext: remove
-#if gsl_FEATURE( OWNER_MACRO )
-# if gsl_HAVE( OWNER_TEMPLATE )
-#  define Owner(t)  ::gsl::owner<t>
-# else
-#  define Owner(t)  ::gsl::owner<t>::type
-# endif
-#endif
-
-//
-// GSL.assert: assertions
-//
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-# define gsl_ELIDE_CONTRACT_( x )  static_assert(::std::is_constructible<bool, decltype( x )>::value, "argument of contract check must be convertible to bool")
-#else
-# define gsl_ELIDE_CONTRACT_( x )
-#endif
-
-#if defined( __CUDACC__ ) && defined( __CUDA_ARCH__ )
-# define  gsl_ASSUME( x )  gsl_ELIDE_CONTRACT_( x ) /* there is no assume intrinsic in CUDA device code */
-#elif gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION
-# define  gsl_ASSUME( x )  __assume( x )
-#elif gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION
-#  define gsl_ASSUME( x )  (( x ) ? static_cast<void>(0) : __builtin_unreachable())
-#elif defined(__has_builtin)
-# if __has_builtin(__builtin_unreachable)
-#  define gsl_ASSUME( x )  (( x ) ? static_cast<void>(0) : __builtin_unreachable())
-# endif
-#else
-# define  gsl_ASSUME( x )  gsl_ELIDE_CONTRACT_( x ) /* unknown compiler; cannot rely on assume intrinsic */
-#endif
-
-#if defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_CALLS_HANDLER )
-#  define  gsl_CONTRACT_CHECK_( str, x )  ( ( x ) ? static_cast<void>(0) : ::gsl::fail_fast_assert_handler( #x, "GSL: " str, __FILE__, __LINE__ ) )
-#elif defined( __CUDACC__ ) && defined( __CUDA_ARCH__ )
-#  define  gsl_CONTRACT_CHECK_( str, x )  assert( ( x ) && str )
-#elif   defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS )
-#  define  gsl_CONTRACT_CHECK_( str, x )  ( ( x ) ? static_cast<void>(0) : ::gsl::detail::fail_fast_throw( "GSL: " str " at " __FILE__ ":" gsl_STRINGIFY(__LINE__) ) )
-#else // defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_TERMINATES ) [default]
-#  define  gsl_CONTRACT_CHECK_( str, x )  ( ( x ) ? static_cast<void>(0) : ::gsl::detail::fail_fast_terminate() )
-#endif
-
-#if defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_OFF ) || defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_EXPECTS_OFF )
-# if defined( gsl_CONFIG_UNENFORCED_CONTRACTS_ASSUME )
-#  define gsl_Expects( x )       gsl_ASSUME( x )
-# else // defined( gsl_CONFIG_UNENFORCED_CONTRACTS_ELIDE ) [default]
-#  define gsl_Expects( x )       gsl_ELIDE_CONTRACT_( x )
-# endif
-#else
-# define  gsl_Expects( x )       gsl_CONTRACT_CHECK_( "Precondition failure", x )
-#endif
-#define   Expects( x )           gsl_Expects( x )
-
-#if !defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_AUDIT ) || defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_EXPECTS_OFF )
-# define  gsl_ExpectsAudit( x )  gsl_ELIDE_CONTRACT_( x )
-#else
-# define  gsl_ExpectsAudit( x )  gsl_CONTRACT_CHECK_( "Precondition failure (audit)", x )
-#endif
-
-#if defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_OFF ) || defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_ENSURES_OFF )
-# if defined( gsl_CONFIG_UNENFORCED_CONTRACTS_ASSUME )
-#  define gsl_Ensures( x )       gsl_ASSUME( x )
-# else // defined( gsl_CONFIG_UNENFORCED_CONTRACTS_ELIDE ) [default]
-#  define gsl_Ensures( x )       gsl_ELIDE_CONTRACT_( x )
-# endif
-#else
-# define  gsl_Ensures( x )       gsl_CONTRACT_CHECK_( "Postcondition failure", x )
-#endif
-#define   Ensures( x )           gsl_Ensures( x )
-
-#if !defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_AUDIT ) || defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_CHECKING_ENSURES_OFF )
-# define  gsl_EnsuresAudit( x )  gsl_ELIDE_CONTRACT_( x )
-#else
-# define  gsl_EnsuresAudit( x )  gsl_CONTRACT_CHECK_( "Postcondition failure (audit)", x )
-#endif
-
-#define gsl_STRINGIFY(  x )  gsl_STRINGIFY_( x )
-#define gsl_STRINGIFY_( x )  #x
-
-struct fail_fast : public std::logic_error
-{
-    explicit fail_fast( char const * message )
-    : std::logic_error( message ) {}
-};
-
-namespace detail {
-
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( EXCEPTIONS )
-gsl_NORETURN inline void fail_fast_throw( char const * message )
-{
-    throw fail_fast( message );
-}
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( EXCEPTIONS )
-gsl_NORETURN inline void fail_fast_terminate() gsl_noexcept
-{
-    std::terminate();
-}
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-// Should be defined by user
-gsl_api void fail_fast_assert_handler( char const * const expression, char const * const message, char const * const file, int line );
-
-#if   defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS )
-
-# if gsl_HAVE( EXCEPTIONS )
-gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG("don't call gsl::fail_fast_assert() directly; use contract checking macros instead")
-gsl_constexpr14 inline
-void fail_fast_assert( bool cond, char const * const message )
-{
-    if ( !cond )
-        throw fail_fast( message );
-}
-# endif // gsl_HAVE( EXCEPTIONS )
-
-#elif defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_CALLS_HANDLER )
-
-gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG("don't call gsl::fail_fast_assert() directly; use contract checking macros instead")
-gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 inline
-void fail_fast_assert( bool cond, char const * const expression, char const * const message, char const * const file, int line )
-{
-    if ( !cond )
-        ::gsl::fail_fast_assert_handler( expression, message, file, line );
-}
-
-#else // defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_TERMINATES ) [default]
-
-gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG("don't call gsl::fail_fast_assert() directly; use contract checking macros instead")
-gsl_constexpr14 inline
-void fail_fast_assert( bool cond ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    if ( !cond )
-        std::terminate();
-}
-
-#endif
-
-
-//
-// GSL.util: utilities
-//
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE( EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD )
-
-// Add uncaught_exceptions for pre-2017 MSVC, GCC and Clang
-// Return unsigned char to save stack space, uncaught_exceptions can only increase by 1 in a scope
-
-namespace detail {
-
-gsl_api inline unsigned char to_uchar( unsigned x ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return static_cast<unsigned char>( x );
-}
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-namespace std11 {
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS )
-
-inline unsigned char uncaught_exceptions() gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return detail::to_uchar( std::uncaught_exceptions() );
-}
-
-#elif gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION
-
-extern "C" char * __cdecl _getptd();
-inline unsigned char uncaught_exceptions() gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return detail::to_uchar( *reinterpret_cast<unsigned*>(_getptd() + (sizeof(void*) == 8 ? 0x100 : 0x90) ) );
-}
-
-#elif gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION || gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION || gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION
-
-extern "C" char * __cxa_get_globals();
-inline unsigned char uncaught_exceptions() gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return detail::to_uchar( *reinterpret_cast<unsigned*>(__cxa_get_globals() + sizeof(void*) ) );
-}
-#endif
-} // namespace std11
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION >= 110
-
-template< class F >
-class final_action
-{
-public:
-    explicit final_action( F action ) gsl_noexcept
-        : action_( std::move( action ) )
-        , invoke_( true )
-    {}
-
-    final_action( final_action && other ) gsl_noexcept
-        : action_( std::move( other.action_ ) )
-        , invoke_( other.invoke_ )
-    {
-        other.invoke_ = false;
-    }
-
-    gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(f.6)
-    virtual ~final_action() gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        if ( invoke_ )
-            action_();
-    }
-
-gsl_is_delete_access:
-    final_action( final_action const  & ) gsl_is_delete;
-    final_action & operator=( final_action const & ) gsl_is_delete;
-    final_action & operator=( final_action && ) gsl_is_delete;
-
-protected:
-    void dismiss() gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        invoke_ = false;
-    }
-
-private:
-    F action_;
-    bool invoke_;
-};
-
-template< class F >
-inline final_action<F> finally( F const & action ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return final_action<F>( action );
-}
-
-template< class F >
-inline final_action<F> finally( F && action ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return final_action<F>( std::forward<F>( action ) );
-}
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE( EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD )
-
-template< class F >
-class final_action_return : public final_action<F>
-{
-public:
-    explicit final_action_return( F && action ) gsl_noexcept
-        : final_action<F>( std::move( action ) )
-        , exception_count( std11::uncaught_exceptions() )
-    {}
-
-    final_action_return( final_action_return && other ) gsl_noexcept
-        : final_action<F>( std::move( other ) )
-        , exception_count( std11::uncaught_exceptions() )
-    {}
-
-    ~final_action_return() override
-    {
-        if ( std11::uncaught_exceptions() != exception_count )
-            this->dismiss();
-    }
-
-gsl_is_delete_access:
-    final_action_return( final_action_return const & ) gsl_is_delete;
-    final_action_return & operator=( final_action_return const & ) gsl_is_delete;
-
-private:
-    unsigned char exception_count;
-};
-
-template< class F >
-inline final_action_return<F> on_return( F const & action ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return final_action_return<F>( action );
-}
-
-template< class F >
-inline final_action_return<F> on_return( F && action ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return final_action_return<F>( std::forward<F>( action ) );
-}
-
-template< class F >
-class final_action_error : public final_action<F>
-{
-public:
-    explicit final_action_error( F && action ) gsl_noexcept
-        : final_action<F>( std::move( action ) )
-        , exception_count( std11::uncaught_exceptions() )
-    {}
-
-    final_action_error( final_action_error && other ) gsl_noexcept
-        : final_action<F>( std::move( other ) )
-        , exception_count( std11::uncaught_exceptions() )
-    {}
-
-    ~final_action_error() override
-    {
-        if ( std11::uncaught_exceptions() == exception_count )
-            this->dismiss();
-    }
-
-gsl_is_delete_access:
-    final_action_error( final_action_error const & ) gsl_is_delete;
-    final_action_error & operator=( final_action_error const & ) gsl_is_delete;
-
-private:
-    unsigned char exception_count;
-};
-
-template< class F >
-inline final_action_error<F> on_error( F const & action ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return final_action_error<F>( action );
-}
-
-template< class F >
-inline final_action_error<F> on_error( F && action ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return final_action_error<F>( std::forward<F>( action ) );
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_FEATURE( EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD )
-
-#else // gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION >= 110
-
-class final_action
-{
-public:
-    typedef void (*Action)();
-
-    final_action( Action action )
-    : action_( action )
-    , invoke_( true )
-    {}
-
-    final_action( final_action const & other )
-        : action_( other.action_ )
-        , invoke_( other.invoke_ )
-    {
-        other.invoke_ = false;
-    }
-
-    virtual ~final_action()
-    {
-        if ( invoke_ )
-            action_();
-    }
-
-protected:
-    void dismiss()
-    {
-        invoke_ = false;
-    }
-
-private:
-    final_action & operator=( final_action const & );
-
-private:
-    Action action_;
-    mutable bool invoke_;
-};
-
-template< class F >
-inline final_action finally( F const & f )
-{
-    return final_action(( f ));
-}
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE( EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD )
-
-class final_action_return : public final_action
-{
-public:
-    explicit final_action_return( Action action )
-        : final_action( action )
-        , exception_count( std11::uncaught_exceptions() )
-    {}
-
-    ~final_action_return()
-    {
-        if ( std11::uncaught_exceptions() != exception_count )
-            this->dismiss();
-    }
-
-private:
-    final_action_return & operator=( final_action_return const & );
-
-private:
-    unsigned char exception_count;
-};
-
-template< class F >
-inline final_action_return on_return( F const & action )
-{
-    return final_action_return( action );
-}
-
-class final_action_error : public final_action
-{
-public:
-    explicit final_action_error( Action action )
-        : final_action( action )
-        , exception_count( std11::uncaught_exceptions() )
-    {}
-
-    ~final_action_error()
-    {
-        if ( std11::uncaught_exceptions() == exception_count )
-            this->dismiss();
-    }
-
-private:
-    final_action_error & operator=( final_action_error const & );
-
-private:
-    unsigned char exception_count;
-};
-
-template< class F >
-inline final_action_error on_error( F const & action )
-{
-    return final_action_error( action );
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_FEATURE( EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD )
-
-#endif // gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 110
-
-#if gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION >= 120
-
-template< class T, class U >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr T narrow_cast( U && u ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return static_cast<T>( std::forward<U>( u ) );
-}
-
-#else
-
-template< class T, class U >
-gsl_api inline T narrow_cast( U u ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return static_cast<T>( u );
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION >= 120
-
-struct narrowing_error : public std::exception {};
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-
-namespace detail {
-
-    template< class T, class U >
-    struct is_same_signedness : public std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_signed<T>::value == std::is_signed<U>::value>
-    {};
-
-# if defined( __NVCC__ )
-    // We do this to circumvent NVCC warnings about pointless unsigned comparisons with 0.
-    template< class T >
-    gsl_constexpr gsl_api bool is_negative( T value, std::true_type /*isSigned*/ ) gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return value < T();
-    }
-    template< class T >
-    gsl_constexpr gsl_api bool is_negative( T /*value*/, std::false_type /*isUnsigned*/ ) gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    template< class T, class U >
-    gsl_constexpr gsl_api bool have_same_sign( T t, U u, std::true_type /*isSameSignedness*/ ) gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return true;
-    }
-    template< class T, class U >
-    gsl_constexpr gsl_api bool have_same_sign( T t, U u, std::false_type /*isSameSignedness*/ ) gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return detail::is_negative( t, std::is_signed<T>() ) == detail::is_negative( u, std::is_signed<U>() );
-    }
-# endif // defined( __NVCC__ )
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( EXCEPTIONS ) || !gsl_CONFIG_NARROW_THROWS_ON_TRUNCATION
-template< class T, class U >
-# if !gsl_CONFIG_NARROW_THROWS_ON_TRUNCATION && !defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS )
-gsl_api
-# endif // !gsl_CONFIG_NARROW_THROWS_ON_TRUNCATION && !defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS )
-inline T narrow( U u )
-{
-    T t = static_cast<T>( u );
-
-    if ( static_cast<U>( t ) != u )
-    {
-# if gsl_CONFIG_NARROW_THROWS_ON_TRUNCATION || defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS )
-        throw narrowing_error();
-# else
-        std::terminate();
-# endif
-    }
-
-# if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-#  if defined( __NVCC__ )
-    if ( ! detail::have_same_sign( t, u, detail::is_same_signedness<T, U>() ) )
-#  else
-    gsl_SUPPRESS_MSVC_WARNING( 4127, "conditional expression is constant" )
-    if ( ! detail::is_same_signedness<T, U>::value && ( t < T() ) != ( u < U() ) )
-#  endif
-# else
-    // Don't assume T() works:
-    gsl_SUPPRESS_MSVC_WARNING( 4127, "conditional expression is constant" )
-    if ( ( t < 0 ) != ( u < 0 ) )
-# endif
-    {
-# if gsl_CONFIG_NARROW_THROWS_ON_TRUNCATION || defined( gsl_CONFIG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION_THROWS )
-        throw narrowing_error();
-# else
-        std::terminate();
-# endif
-    }
-
-    return t;
-}
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( EXCEPTIONS ) || !gsl_CONFIG_NARROW_THROWS_ON_TRUNCATION
-
-template< class T, class U >
-gsl_api inline T narrow_failfast( U u )
-{
-    T t = static_cast<T>( u );
-
-    gsl_Expects( static_cast<U>( t ) == u );
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-# if defined( __NVCC__ )
-    gsl_Expects( ::gsl::detail::have_same_sign( t, u, ::gsl::detail::is_same_signedness<T, U>() ) );
-# else
-    gsl_SUPPRESS_MSVC_WARNING( 4127, "conditional expression is constant" )
-    gsl_Expects( ( ::gsl::detail::is_same_signedness<T, U>::value || ( t < T() ) == ( u < U() ) ) );
-# endif
-#else
-    // Don't assume T() works:
-    gsl_SUPPRESS_MSVC_WARNING( 4127, "conditional expression is constant" )
-    gsl_Expects( ( t < 0 ) == ( u < 0 ) );
-#endif
-
-    return t;
-}
-
-
-//
-// at() - Bounds-checked way of accessing static arrays, std::array, std::vector.
-//
-
-template< class T, size_t N >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr14 T & at( T(&arr)[N], size_t pos )
-{
-    gsl_Expects( pos < N );
-    return arr[pos];
-}
-
-template< class Container >
-inline gsl_constexpr14 typename Container::value_type & at( Container & cont, size_t pos )
-{
-    gsl_Expects( pos < cont.size() );
-    return cont[pos];
-}
-
-template< class Container >
-inline gsl_constexpr14 typename Container::value_type const & at( Container const & cont, size_t pos )
-{
-    gsl_Expects( pos < cont.size() );
-    return cont[pos];
-}
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( INITIALIZER_LIST )
-
-template< class T >
-inline const gsl_constexpr14 T at( std::initializer_list<T> cont, size_t pos )
-{
-    gsl_Expects( pos < cont.size() );
-    return *( cont.begin() + pos );
-}
-#endif
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr14 T & at( span<T> s, size_t pos )
-{
-    return s[ pos ];
-}
-
-//
-// GSL.views: views
-//
-
-//
-// not_null<> - Wrap any indirection and enforce non-null.
-//
-
-template< class T >
-class not_null;
-
-namespace detail {
-
-// helper class to figure out the pointed-to type of a pointer
-#if gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER
-template< class T, class E = void >
-struct element_type_helper
-{
-    // For types without a member element_type (this will handle raw pointers)
-    typedef typename std::remove_reference< decltype( *std::declval<T>() ) >::type type;
-};
-
-template< class T >
-struct element_type_helper< T, std17::void_t< typename T::element_type > >
-{
-    // For types with a member element_type
-    typedef typename T::element_type type;
-};
-#else
-// Pre-C++11, we cannot have decltype, so we cannot handle types without a member element_type
-template< class T, class E = void >
-struct element_type_helper
-{
-    typedef typename T::element_type type;
-};
-
-template< class T >
-struct element_type_helper< T* >
-{
-    typedef T type;
-};
-#endif
-
-template< class T >
-struct is_not_null_oracle : std11::false_type { };
-template< class T >
-struct is_not_null_oracle< not_null<T> > : std11::true_type { };
-
-template< class T, bool IsCopyable = true >
-struct not_null_data;
-#if gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE ) && gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-template< class T >
-struct not_null_data< T, false >
-{
-    T ptr_;
-
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null_data( T && _ptr ) gsl_noexcept
-    : ptr_( std::move( _ptr ) )
-    {
-    }
-    
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null_data( not_null_data && other ) gsl_noexcept
-    : ptr_( std::move( other.ptr_ ) )
-    {
-    }
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null_data & operator=( not_null_data && other ) gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        ptr_ = std::move( other.ptr_ );
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-gsl_is_delete_access:
-    not_null_data( not_null_data const & other ) gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null_data & operator=( not_null_data const & other ) gsl_is_delete;
-};
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE ) && gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-template< class T >
-struct not_null_data< T, true >
-{
-    T ptr_;
-
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null_data( T const & _ptr ) gsl_noexcept
-    : ptr_( _ptr )
-    {
-    }
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null_data( T && _ptr ) gsl_noexcept
-    : ptr_( std::move( _ptr ) )
-    {
-    }
-    
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null_data( not_null_data && other ) gsl_noexcept
-    : ptr_( std::move( other.ptr_ ) )
-    {
-    }
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null_data & operator=( not_null_data && other ) gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        ptr_ = std::move( other.ptr_ );
-        return *this;
-    }
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null_data( not_null_data const & other )
-    : ptr_( other.ptr_ )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null_data & operator=( not_null_data const & other )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( other.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        ptr_ = other.ptr_;
-        return *this;
-    }
-};
-
-template< class T >
-struct is_copyable
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-: std11::integral_constant< bool, std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value && std::is_copy_assignable<T>::value >
-#else
-: std11::true_type
-#endif
-{
-};
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( UNIQUE_PTR ) && gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION, 1, 140 )
-// Type traits are buggy in VC++ 2013, so we explicitly declare `unique_ptr<>` non-copyable.
-template< class T, class Deleter >
-struct is_copyable< std::unique_ptr< T, Deleter > > : std11::false_type
-{
-};
-#endif
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-template< class T >
-class not_null
-{
-private:
-    detail::not_null_data< T, detail::is_copyable< T >::value > data_;
-
-    // need to access `not_null<U>::data_`
-    template< class U >
-    friend class not_null;
-
-public:
-    typedef typename detail::element_type_helper<T>::type element_type;
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-    static_assert( std::is_assignable<T&, std::nullptr_t>::value, "T cannot be assigned nullptr." );
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_CONFIG( NOT_NULL_EXPLICIT_CTOR )
-# if gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-    template< class U
-    // In Clang 3.x, `is_constructible<not_null<unique_ptr<X>>, unique_ptr<X>>` tries to instantiate the copy constructor of `unique_ptr<>`, triggering an error.
-    // Note that Apple Clang's `__clang_major__` etc. are different from regular Clang.
-#  if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION, 1, 400 ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION, 1, 1001 )
-        // We *have* to use SFINAE with an NTTP arg here, otherwise the overload is ambiguous.
-        , typename std::enable_if< ( std::is_constructible<T, U>::value ), int >::type = 0
-#  endif
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr14 explicit not_null( U other )
-    : data_( T( std::move( other ) ) )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-# else // a.k.a. !gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-    template< class U >
-    gsl_constexpr14 explicit not_null( U const& other )
-    : data_( T( other ) )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-# endif // gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-#else // a.k.a. !gsl_CONFIG( NOT_NULL_EXPLICIT_CTOR )
-# if gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-    // In Clang 3.x, `is_constructible<not_null<unique_ptr<X>>, unique_ptr<X>>` tries to instantiate the copy constructor of `unique_ptr<>`, triggering an error.
-    // Note that Apple Clang's `__clang_major__` etc. are different from regular Clang.
-#  if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION, 1, 400 ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION, 1, 1001 )
-    template< class U
-        // We *have* to use SFINAE with an NTTP arg here, otherwise the overload is ambiguous.
-        , typename std::enable_if< ( std::is_constructible<T, U>::value && !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value ), int >::type = 0
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr14 explicit not_null( U other )
-    : data_( T( std::move( other ) ) )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-
-    template< class U
-        // We *have* to use SFINAE with an NTTP arg here, otherwise the overload is ambiguous.
-        , typename std::enable_if< ( std::is_convertible<U, T>::value ), int >::type = 0
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null( U other )
-    : data_( T( std::move( other ) ) )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-#  else // a.k.a. !( gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION, 1, 400 ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION, 1, 1001 )
-    // If type_traits are not available, then we can't distinguish `is_convertible<>` and `is_constructible<>`, so we unconditionally permit implicit construction.
-    template< class U >
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null( U other )
-    : data_( T( std::move( other ) ) )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-#  endif // gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION, 1, 400 ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION, 1, 1001 )
-# else // a.k.a. !gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-    template< class U >
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null( U const& other )
-    : data_( T( other ) )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-# endif // gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-#endif // gsl_CONFIG( NOT_NULL_EXPLICIT_CTOR )
-
-# if gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-    // In Clang 3.x, `is_constructible<not_null<unique_ptr<X>>, unique_ptr<X>>` tries to instantiate the copy constructor of `unique_ptr<>`, triggering an error.
-    // Note that Apple Clang's `__clang_major__` etc. are different from regular Clang.
-#  if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION, 1, 400 ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION, 1, 1001 )
-    template< class U
-        // We *have* to use SFINAE with an NTTP arg here, otherwise the overload is ambiguous.
-        , typename std::enable_if< ( std::is_constructible<T, U>::value && !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value ), int >::type = 0
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr14 explicit not_null( not_null<U> other )
-    : data_( T( std::move( other.data_.ptr_ ) ) )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-
-    template< class U
-        // We *have* to use SFINAE with an NTTP arg here, otherwise the overload is ambiguous.
-        , typename std::enable_if< ( std::is_convertible<U, T>::value ), int >::type = 0
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null( not_null<U> other )
-    : data_( T( std::move( other.data_.ptr_ ) ) )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-#  else // a.k.a. !( gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION, 1, 400 ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION, 1, 1001 )
-    // If type_traits are not available, then we can't distinguish `is_convertible<>` and `is_constructible<>`, so we unconditionally permit implicit construction.
-    template< class U >
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null( not_null<U> other )
-    : data_( T( std::move( other.data_.ptr_ ) ) )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-    template< class U >
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null<T>& operator=( not_null<U> other )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( other.data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        data_.ptr_ = std::move( other.data_.ptr_ );
-        return *this;
-    }
-#  endif // gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION, 1, 400 ) && !gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_APPLECLANG_VERSION, 1, 1001 )
-# else // a.k.a. !gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-    template< class U >
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null( not_null<U> const& other )
-    : data_( T( other.data_.ptr_ ) )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-    template< class U >
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null<T>& operator=( not_null<U> const & other )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( other.data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        data_.ptr_ = other.data_.ptr_;
-        return *this;
-    }
-# endif // gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-
-#if gsl_CONFIG( TRANSPARENT_NOT_NULL )
-    gsl_constexpr14 element_type *
-    get() const
-    {
-        gsl_Ensures( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        return data_.ptr_.get();
-    }
-#else
-# if gsl_CONFIG( NOT_NULL_GET_BY_CONST_REF )
-    gsl_constexpr14 T const & get() const
-    {
-        gsl_Ensures( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        return data_.ptr_;
-    }
-# else
-    gsl_constexpr14 T get() const
-    {
-        gsl_Ensures( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        return data_.ptr_;
-    }
-# endif
-#endif
-
-    // We want an implicit conversion operator that can be used to convert from both lvalues (by
-    // const reference or by copy) and rvalues (by move). So it seems like we could define
-    //
-    //     template< class U >
-    //     operator U const &() const & { ... }
-    //     template< class U >
-    //     operator U &&() && { ... }
-    //
-    // However, having two conversion operators with different return types renders the assignment
-    // operator of the result type ambiguous:
-    //
-    //     not_null<std::unique_ptr<T>> p( ... );
-    //     std::unique_ptr<U> q;
-    //     q = std::move( p ); // ambiguous
-    //
-    // To avoid this ambiguity, we have both overloads of the conversion operator return `U`
-    // rather than `U const &` or `U &&`. This implies that converting an lvalue always induces
-    // a copy, which can cause unnecessary copies or even fail to compile in some situations:
-    //
-    //     not_null<std::shared_ptr<T>> sp( ... );
-    //     std::shared_ptr<U> const & rs = sp; // unnecessary copy
-    //     std::unique_ptr<U> const & ru = p; // error: cannot copy `unique_ptr<T>`
-    //
-    // However, these situations are rather unusual, and the following, more frequent situations
-    // remain unimpaired:
-    //
-    //     std::shared_ptr<U> vs = sp; // no extra copy
-    //     std::unique_ptr<U> vu = std::move( p );
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE ) && gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) && gsl_HAVE( EXPLICIT )
-    // explicit conversion operator
-
-    template< class U
-        // We *have* to use SFINAE with an NTTP arg here, otherwise the overload is ambiguous.
-        , typename std::enable_if< ( std::is_constructible<U, T const &>::value && !std::is_convertible<T, U>::value && !detail::is_not_null_oracle<U>::value ), int >::type = 0
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr14 explicit
-    operator U() const
-# if gsl_HAVE( FUNCTION_REF_QUALIFIER )
-    &
-# endif
-    {
-        gsl_Ensures( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        return U( data_.ptr_ );
-    }
-# if gsl_HAVE( FUNCTION_REF_QUALIFIER )
-    template< class U
-        // We *have* to use SFINAE with an NTTP arg here, otherwise the overload is ambiguous.
-        , typename std::enable_if< ( std::is_constructible<U, T>::value && !std::is_convertible<T, U>::value && !detail::is_not_null_oracle<U>::value ), int >::type = 0
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr14 explicit
-    operator U() &&
-    {
-        gsl_Ensures( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        return U( std::move( data_.ptr_ ) );
-    }
-# endif
-
-    // implicit conversion operator
-    template< class U
-        // We *have* to use SFINAE with an NTTP arg here, otherwise the overload is ambiguous.
-        , typename std::enable_if< ( std::is_constructible<U, T const &>::value && std::is_convertible<T, U>::value && !detail::is_not_null_oracle<U>::value ), int >::type = 0
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr14
-    operator U() const
-# if gsl_HAVE( FUNCTION_REF_QUALIFIER )
-    &
-# endif
-    {
-        gsl_Ensures( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        return data_.ptr_;
-    }
-# if gsl_HAVE( FUNCTION_REF_QUALIFIER )
-    template< class U
-        // We *have* to use SFINAE with an NTTP arg here, otherwise the overload is ambiguous.
-        , typename std::enable_if< ( std::is_convertible<T, U>::value && !detail::is_not_null_oracle<U>::value ), int >::type = 0
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr14
-    operator U() &&
-    {
-        gsl_Ensures( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        return std::move( data_.ptr_ );
-    }
-# endif
-#else // a.k.a. #if !( gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE ) && gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) && gsl_HAVE( EXPLICIT ) )
-    template< class U >
-    gsl_constexpr14
-    operator U() const
-    {
-        gsl_Ensures( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        return data_.ptr_;
-    }
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE ) && gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) && gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) && gsl_HAVE( EXPLICIT )
-
-    gsl_constexpr14 T const &
-    operator->() const
-    {
-        gsl_Ensures( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        return data_.ptr_;
-    }
-
-    gsl_constexpr14 element_type &
-    operator*() const
-    {
-        gsl_Ensures( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        return *data_.ptr_;
-    }
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-    // Visual C++ 2013 doesn't generate default move constructors, so we declare them explicitly.
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null( not_null && other ) gsl_noexcept
-    : data_( std::move( other.data_ ) )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-    }
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null & operator=( not_null && other ) gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( other.data_.ptr_ != gsl_nullptr );
-        data_ = std::move( other.data_ );
-        return *this;
-    }
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( IS_DEFAULT )
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null( not_null const & other ) = default;
-    gsl_constexpr14 not_null & operator=( not_null const & other ) = default;
-#endif
-
-gsl_is_delete_access:
-    not_null() gsl_is_delete;
-    // prevent compilation when initialized with a nullptr or literal 0:
-#if gsl_HAVE( NULLPTR )
-    not_null(             std::nullptr_t ) gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null & operator=( std::nullptr_t ) gsl_is_delete;
-#else
-    not_null(             int ) gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null & operator=( int ) gsl_is_delete;
-#endif
-
-    // unwanted operators...pointers only point to single objects!
-    not_null & operator++() gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null & operator--() gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null   operator++( int ) gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null   operator--( int ) gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null & operator+ ( size_t ) gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null & operator+=( size_t ) gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null & operator- ( size_t ) gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null & operator-=( size_t ) gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null & operator+=( std::ptrdiff_t ) gsl_is_delete;
-    not_null & operator-=( std::ptrdiff_t ) gsl_is_delete;
-    void       operator[]( std::ptrdiff_t ) const gsl_is_delete;
-};
-#if gsl_HAVE( DEDUCTION_GUIDES )
-template< class U >
-not_null( U ) -> not_null<U>;
-template< class U >
-not_null( not_null<U> ) -> not_null<U>;
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( NULLPTR )
-void make_not_null( std::nullptr_t ) gsl_is_delete;
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( NULLPTR )
-#if gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-template< class U >
-not_null<U> make_not_null( U u )
-{
-    return not_null<U>( std::move( u ) );
-}
-template< class U >
-not_null<U> make_not_null( not_null<U> u )
-{
-    return std::move( u );
-}
-#else // a.k.a. !gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-template< class U >
-not_null<U> make_not_null( U const & u )
-{
-    return not_null<U>( u );
-}
-template< class U >
-not_null<U> make_not_null( not_null<U> const & u )
-{
-    return u;
-}
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-
-
-// not_null with implicit constructor, allowing copy-initialization:
-
-template< class T >
-class not_null_ic : public not_null<T>
-{
-public:
-    template< class U
-        gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_constructible<T, U>::value ))
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr14
-#if gsl_HAVE( RVALUE_REFERENCE )
-    not_null_ic( U && u )
-    : not_null<T>( std::forward<U>( u ) )
-#else
-    not_null_ic( U const & u )
-    : not_null<T>( u )
-#endif
-    {}
-};
-
-// more not_null unwanted operators
-
-template< class T, class U >
-std::ptrdiff_t operator-( not_null<T> const &, not_null<U> const & ) gsl_is_delete;
-
-template< class T >
-not_null<T> operator-( not_null<T> const &, std::ptrdiff_t ) gsl_is_delete;
-
-template< class T >
-not_null<T> operator+( not_null<T> const &, std::ptrdiff_t ) gsl_is_delete;
-
-template< class T >
-not_null<T> operator+( std::ptrdiff_t, not_null<T> const & ) gsl_is_delete;
-
-// not_null comparisons
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, std::declval<T const>() == std::declval<U const>() )
-operator==( not_null<T> const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return l.operator->() == r.operator->();
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, std::declval<T const>() == std::declval<U const>() )
-operator==( not_null<T> const & l, U const & r )
-{
-    return l.operator->() == r;
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, std::declval<T const>() == std::declval<U const>() )
-operator==( T const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return l == r.operator->();
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, std::declval<T const>() < std::declval<U const>() )
-operator<( not_null<T> const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return l.operator->() < r.operator->();
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, std::declval<T const>() < std::declval<U const>() )
-operator<( not_null<T> const & l, U const & r )
-{
-    return l.operator->() < r;
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, std::declval<T const>() < std::declval<U const>() )
-operator<( T const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return l < r.operator->();
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, !( std::declval<T const>() == std::declval<U const>() ) )
-operator!=( not_null<T> const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return !( l == r );
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, !( std::declval<T const>() == std::declval<U const>() ) )
-operator!=( not_null<T> const & l, U const & r )
-{
-    return !( l == r );
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, !( std::declval<T const>() == std::declval<U const>() ) )
-operator!=( T const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return !( l == r );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, !( std::declval<U const>() < std::declval<T const>() ) )
-operator<=( not_null<T> const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return !( r < l );
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, !( std::declval<U const>() < std::declval<T const>() ) )
-operator<=( not_null<T> const & l, U const & r )
-{
-    return !( r < l );
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, !( std::declval<U const>() < std::declval<T const>() ) )
-operator<=( T const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return !( r < l );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, std::declval<U const>() < std::declval<T const>() )
-operator>( not_null<T> const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return r < l;
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, std::declval<U const>() < std::declval<T const>() )
-operator>( not_null<T> const & l, U const & r )
-{
-    return r < l;
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, std::declval<U const>() < std::declval<T const>() )
-operator>( T const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return r < l;
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, !( std::declval<T const>() < std::declval<U const>() ) )
-operator>=( not_null<T> const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return !( l < r );
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, !( std::declval<T const>() < std::declval<U const>() ) )
-operator>=( not_null<T> const & l, U const & r )
-{
-    return !( l < r );
-}
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr gsl_DECLTYPE_( bool, !( std::declval<T const>() < std::declval<U const>() ) )
-operator>=( T const & l, not_null<U> const & r )
-{
-    return !( l < r );
-}
-
-// print not_null
-
-template< class CharType, class Traits, class T >
-std::basic_ostream< CharType, Traits > & operator<<( std::basic_ostream< CharType, Traits > & os, not_null<T> const & p )
-{
-    return os << p.operator->();
-}
-
-
-//
-// Byte-specific type.
-//
-#if gsl_HAVE( ENUM_CLASS_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_UNDERLYING_TYPE )
-  enum class gsl_may_alias byte : unsigned char {};
-#else
-  struct gsl_may_alias byte { typedef unsigned char type; type v; };
-#endif
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr byte to_byte( T v ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-#if    gsl_HAVE( ENUM_CLASS_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_UNDERLYING_TYPE )
-    return static_cast<byte>( v );
-#elif  gsl_HAVE( CONSTEXPR_11 )
-    return { static_cast<typename byte::type>( v ) };
-#else
-    byte b = { static_cast<typename byte::type>( v ) }; return b;
-#endif
-}
-
-template< class IntegerType  gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value )) >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr IntegerType to_integer( byte b ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-#if gsl_HAVE( ENUM_CLASS_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_UNDERLYING_TYPE )
-    return static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<byte>::type>( b );
-#else
-    return b.v;
-#endif
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr unsigned char to_uchar( byte b ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return to_integer<unsigned char>( b );
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr unsigned char to_uchar( int i ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return static_cast<unsigned char>( i );
-}
-
-template< class IntegerType  gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value )) >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr14 byte & operator<<=( byte & b, IntegerType shift ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-#if gsl_HAVE( ENUM_CLASS_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_UNDERLYING_TYPE )
-    return b = ::gsl::to_byte( ::gsl::to_uchar( b ) << shift );
-#else
-    b.v = ::gsl::to_uchar( b.v << shift ); return b;
-#endif
-}
-
-template< class IntegerType  gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value )) >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr byte operator<<( byte b, IntegerType shift ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return ::gsl::to_byte( ::gsl::to_uchar( b ) << shift );
-}
-
-template< class IntegerType  gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value )) >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr14 byte & operator>>=( byte & b, IntegerType shift ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-#if gsl_HAVE( ENUM_CLASS_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_UNDERLYING_TYPE )
-    return b = ::gsl::to_byte( ::gsl::to_uchar( b ) >> shift );
-#else
-    b.v = ::gsl::to_uchar( b.v >> shift ); return b;
-#endif
-}
-
-template< class IntegerType  gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value )) >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr byte operator>>( byte b, IntegerType shift ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return ::gsl::to_byte( ::gsl::to_uchar( b ) >> shift );
-}
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( ENUM_CLASS_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_UNDERLYING_TYPE )
-gsl_DEFINE_ENUM_BITMASK_OPERATORS( byte )
-gsl_DEFINE_ENUM_RELATIONAL_OPERATORS( byte )
-#else // a.k.a. !gsl_HAVE( ENUM_CLASS_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_UNDERLYING_TYPE )
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr bool operator==( byte l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return l.v == r.v;
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr bool operator!=( byte l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return !( l == r );
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr bool operator< ( byte l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return l.v < r.v;
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr bool operator<=( byte l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return !( r < l );
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr bool operator> ( byte l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return ( r < l );
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr bool operator>=( byte l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return !( l < r );
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr14 byte & operator|=( byte & l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    l.v |= r.v; return l;
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr byte operator|( byte l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return ::gsl::to_byte( l.v | r.v );
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr14 byte & operator&=( byte & l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    l.v &= r.v; return l;
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr byte operator&( byte l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return ::gsl::to_byte( l.v & r.v );
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr14 byte & operator^=( byte & l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    l.v ^= r.v; return l;
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr byte operator^( byte l, byte r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return ::gsl::to_byte( l.v ^ r.v );
-}
-
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr byte operator~( byte b ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return ::gsl::to_byte( ~b.v );
-}
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( ENUM_CLASS_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_UNDERLYING_TYPE )
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE_TO_STD( WITH_CONTAINER )
-
-// Tag to select span constructor taking a container:
-
-struct with_container_t { gsl_constexpr with_container_t() gsl_noexcept {} };
-const  gsl_constexpr   with_container_t with_container; // TODO: this can lead to ODR violations because the symbol will be defined in multiple translation units
-
-#endif
-
-//
-// span<> - A 1D view of contiguous T's, replace (*,len).
-//
-template< class T >
-class span
-{
-    template< class U > friend class span;
-
-public:
-    typedef gsl_CONFIG_SPAN_INDEX_TYPE index_type;
-
-    typedef T element_type;
-    typedef typename std11::remove_cv< T >::type value_type;
-
-    typedef T & reference;
-    typedef T * pointer;
-    typedef T const * const_pointer;
-    typedef T const & const_reference;
-
-    typedef pointer       iterator;
-    typedef const_pointer const_iterator;
-
-    typedef std::reverse_iterator< iterator >       reverse_iterator;
-    typedef std::reverse_iterator< const_iterator > const_reverse_iterator;
-
-    typedef typename std::iterator_traits< iterator >::difference_type difference_type;
-
-    // 26.7.3.2 Constructors, copy, and assignment [span.cons]
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 span() gsl_noexcept
-        : first_( gsl_nullptr )
-        , last_ ( gsl_nullptr )
-    {
-    }
-
-#if ! gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 5 )
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( NULLPTR )
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 span( std::nullptr_t, index_type size_in )
-        : first_( nullptr )
-        , last_ ( nullptr )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( size_in == 0 );
-    }
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( IS_DELETE )
-    gsl_DEPRECATED
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr span( reference data_in )
-        : span( &data_in, 1 )
-    {}
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr span( element_type && ) = delete;
-#endif
-
-#endif // deprecate
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 span( pointer data_in, index_type size_in )
-        : first_( data_in )
-        , last_ ( data_in + size_in )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( size_in == 0 || ( size_in > 0 && data_in != gsl_nullptr ) );
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 span( pointer first_in, pointer last_in )
-        : first_( first_in )
-        , last_ ( last_in )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( first_in <= last_in );
-    }
-
-#if ! gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 5 )
-
-    template< class U >
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 span( U * data_in, index_type size_in )
-        : first_( data_in )
-        , last_ ( data_in + size_in )
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( size_in == 0 || ( size_in > 0 && data_in != gsl_nullptr ) );
-    }
-
-#endif // deprecate
-
-#if ! gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 5 )
-    template< class U, size_t N >
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr span( U (&arr)[N] ) gsl_noexcept
-        : first_( gsl_ADDRESSOF( arr[0] ) )
-        , last_ ( gsl_ADDRESSOF( arr[0] ) + N )
-    {}
-#else
-    template< size_t N
-        gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_convertible<value_type(*)[], element_type(*)[] >::value ))
-    >
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr span( element_type (&arr)[N] ) gsl_noexcept
-        : first_( gsl_ADDRESSOF( arr[0] ) )
-        , last_ ( gsl_ADDRESSOF( arr[0] ) + N )
-    {}
-#endif // deprecate
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( ARRAY )
-#if ! gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 5 )
-
-    template< class U, size_t N >
-    gsl_constexpr span( std::array< U, N > & arr )
-        : first_( arr.data() )
-        , last_ ( arr.data() + N )
-    {}
-
-    template< class U, size_t N >
-    gsl_constexpr span( std::array< U, N > const & arr )
-        : first_( arr.data() )
-        , last_ ( arr.data() + N )
-    {}
-
-#else
-
-    template< size_t N
-        gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_convertible<value_type(*)[], element_type(*)[] >::value ))
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr span( std::array< value_type, N > & arr )
-        : first_( arr.data() )
-        , last_ ( arr.data() + N )
-    {}
-
-    template< size_t N
-        gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_convertible<value_type(*)[], element_type(*)[] >::value ))
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr span( std::array< value_type, N > const & arr )
-        : first_( arr.data() )
-        , last_ ( arr.data() + N )
-    {}
-
-#endif // deprecate
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( ARRAY )
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( CONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR )
-    template< class Container
-        gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( detail::is_compatible_container< Container, element_type >::value ))
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr span( Container & cont ) gsl_noexcept
-        : first_( std17::data( cont ) )
-        , last_ ( std17::data( cont ) + std17::size( cont ) )
-    {}
-
-    template< class Container
-        gsl_ENABLE_IF_((
-            std::is_const< element_type >::value
-            && detail::is_compatible_container< Container, element_type >::value
-        ))
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr span( Container const & cont ) gsl_noexcept
-        : first_( std17::data( cont ) )
-        , last_ ( std17::data( cont ) + std17::size( cont ) )
-    {}
-
-#elif gsl_HAVE( UNCONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR )
-
-    template< class Container >
-    gsl_constexpr span( Container & cont )
-        : first_( cont.size() == 0 ? gsl_nullptr : gsl_ADDRESSOF( cont[0] ) )
-        , last_ ( cont.size() == 0 ? gsl_nullptr : gsl_ADDRESSOF( cont[0] ) + cont.size() )
-    {}
-
-    template< class Container >
-    gsl_constexpr span( Container const & cont )
-        : first_( cont.size() == 0 ? gsl_nullptr : gsl_ADDRESSOF( cont[0] ) )
-        , last_ ( cont.size() == 0 ? gsl_nullptr : gsl_ADDRESSOF( cont[0] ) + cont.size() )
-    {}
-
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE_TO_STD( WITH_CONTAINER )
-
-    template< class Container >
-    gsl_constexpr span( with_container_t, Container & cont ) gsl_noexcept
-        : first_( cont.size() == 0 ? gsl_nullptr : gsl_ADDRESSOF( cont[0] ) )
-        , last_ ( cont.size() == 0 ? gsl_nullptr : gsl_ADDRESSOF( cont[0] ) + cont.size() )
-    {}
-
-    template< class Container >
-    gsl_constexpr span( with_container_t, Container const & cont ) gsl_noexcept
-        : first_( cont.size() == 0 ? gsl_nullptr : gsl_ADDRESSOF( cont[0] ) )
-        , last_ ( cont.size() == 0 ? gsl_nullptr : gsl_ADDRESSOF( cont[0] ) + cont.size() )
-    {}
-
-#endif
-
-#if !gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 4 )
-    // constructor taking shared_ptr deprecated since 0.29.0
-
-# if gsl_HAVE( SHARED_PTR )
-    gsl_DEPRECATED
-    gsl_constexpr span( shared_ptr<element_type> const & ptr )
-        : first_( ptr.get() )
-        , last_ ( ptr.get() ? ptr.get() + 1 : gsl_nullptr )
-    {}
-# endif
-
-    // constructors taking unique_ptr deprecated since 0.29.0
-
-# if gsl_HAVE( UNIQUE_PTR )
-#  if gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG )
-    template< class ArrayElementType = typename std::add_pointer<element_type>::type >
-#  else
-    template< class ArrayElementType >
-#  endif
-    gsl_DEPRECATED
-    gsl_constexpr span( unique_ptr<ArrayElementType> const & ptr, index_type count )
-        : first_( ptr.get() )
-        , last_ ( ptr.get() + count )
-    {}
-
-    gsl_DEPRECATED
-    gsl_constexpr span( unique_ptr<element_type> const & ptr )
-        : first_( ptr.get() )
-        , last_ ( ptr.get() ? ptr.get() + 1 : gsl_nullptr )
-    {}
-# endif
-
-#endif // deprecate shared_ptr, unique_ptr
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( IS_DEFAULT ) && ! gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION, 430, 600)
-    gsl_constexpr span( span && ) gsl_noexcept = default;
-    gsl_constexpr span( span const & ) = default;
-#else
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr span( span const & other )
-        : first_( other.begin() )
-        , last_ ( other.end() )
-    {}
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( IS_DEFAULT )
-    gsl_constexpr14 span & operator=( span && ) gsl_noexcept = default;
-    gsl_constexpr14 span & operator=( span const & ) gsl_noexcept = default;
-#else
-    gsl_constexpr14 span & operator=( span other ) gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        first_ = other.first_;
-        last_ = other.last_;
-        return *this;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    template< class U
-        gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_convertible<U(*)[], element_type(*)[]>::value ))
-    >
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr span( span<U> const & other )
-        : first_( other.begin() )
-        , last_ ( other.end() )
-    {}
-
-#if 0
-    // Converting from other span ?
-    template< class U > operator=();
-#endif
-
-    // 26.7.3.3 Subviews [span.sub]
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 span first( index_type count ) const
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( std::size_t( count ) <= std::size_t( this->size() ) );
-        return span( this->data(), count );
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 span last( index_type count ) const
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( std::size_t( count ) <= std::size_t( this->size() ) );
-        return span( this->data() + this->size() - count, count );
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 span subspan( index_type offset ) const
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( std::size_t( offset ) <= std::size_t( this->size() ) );
-        return span( this->data() + offset, this->size() - offset );
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 span subspan( index_type offset, index_type count ) const
-    {
-        gsl_Expects(
-            std::size_t( offset ) <= std::size_t( this->size() ) &&
-            std::size_t( count ) <= std::size_t( this->size() - offset ) );
-        return span( this->data() + offset, count );
-    }
-
-    // 26.7.3.4 Observers [span.obs]
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr index_type size() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return narrow_cast<index_type>( last_ - first_ );
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr std::ptrdiff_t ssize() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return narrow_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>( last_ - first_ );
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr index_type size_bytes() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return size() * narrow_cast<index_type>( sizeof( element_type ) );
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr bool empty() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return size() == 0;
-    }
-
-    // 26.7.3.5 Element access [span.elem]
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 reference operator[]( index_type pos ) const
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( pos < size() );
-        return first_[ pos ];
-    }
-
-#if ! gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 6 )
-    gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG("use subscript indexing instead")
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 reference operator()( index_type pos ) const
-    {
-        return (*this)[ pos ];
-    }
-
-    gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG("use subscript indexing instead")
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 reference at( index_type pos ) const
-    {
-        return (*this)[ pos ];
-    }
-#endif // deprecate
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 reference front() const
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( first_ != last_ );
-        return *first_;
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 reference back() const
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( first_ != last_ );
-        return *(last_ - 1);
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr pointer data() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return first_;
-    }
-
-    // 26.7.3.6 Iterator support [span.iterators]
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr iterator begin() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return iterator( first_ );
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr iterator end() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return iterator( last_ );
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-#if gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER
-        return { begin() };
-#else
-        return const_iterator( begin() );
-#endif
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr const_iterator cend() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-#if gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER
-        return { end() };
-#else
-        return const_iterator( end() );
-#endif
-    }
-
-    gsl_constexpr17 reverse_iterator rbegin() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return reverse_iterator( end() );
-    }
-
-    gsl_constexpr17 reverse_iterator rend() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return reverse_iterator( begin() );
-    }
-
-    gsl_constexpr17 const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return const_reverse_iterator( cend() );
-    }
-
-    gsl_constexpr17 const_reverse_iterator crend() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return const_reverse_iterator( cbegin() );
-    }
-
-    gsl_constexpr14 void swap( span & other ) gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        std::swap( first_, other.first_ );
-        std::swap( last_ , other.last_  );
-    }
-
-#if ! gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 3 )
-    // member length() deprecated since 0.29.0
-
-    gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG("use size() instead")
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr index_type length() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return size();
-    }
-
-    // member length_bytes() deprecated since 0.29.0
-
-    gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG("use size_bytes() instead")
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr index_type length_bytes() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return size_bytes();
-    }
-#endif
-
-#if ! gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 2 )
-    // member as_bytes(), as_writeable_bytes deprecated since 0.17.0
-
-    gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG("use free function gsl::as_bytes() instead")
-    gsl_api span< const byte > as_bytes() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span< const byte >( reinterpret_cast<const byte *>( data() ), size_bytes() ); // NOLINT
-    }
-
-    gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG("use free function gsl::as_writable_bytes() instead")
-    gsl_api span< byte > as_writeable_bytes() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span< byte >( reinterpret_cast<byte *>( data() ), size_bytes() ); // NOLINT
-    }
-
-#endif
-
-    template< class U >
-    gsl_api span< U > as_span() const
-    {
-        gsl_Expects( ( this->size_bytes() % sizeof(U) ) == 0 );
-        return span< U >( reinterpret_cast<U *>( this->data() ), this->size_bytes() / sizeof( U ) ); // NOLINT
-    }
-
-private:
-    pointer first_;
-    pointer last_;
-};
-
-// class template argument deduction guides:
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( DEDUCTION_GUIDES )   // gsl_CPP17_OR_GREATER
-
-template< class T, size_t N >
-span( T (&)[N] ) -> span<T /*, N*/>;
-
-template< class T, size_t N >
-span( std::array<T, N> & ) -> span<T /*, N*/>;
-
-template< class T, size_t N >
-span( std::array<T, N> const & ) -> span<const T /*, N*/>;
-
-template< class Container >
-span( Container& ) -> span<typename Container::value_type>;
-
-template< class Container >
-span( Container const & ) -> span<const typename Container::value_type>;
-
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( DEDUCTION_GUIDES )
-
-// 26.7.3.7 Comparison operators [span.comparison]
-
-#if gsl_CONFIG( ALLOWS_SPAN_COMPARISON )
-# if gsl_CONFIG( ALLOWS_NONSTRICT_SPAN_COMPARISON )
-
-template< class T, class U >
-gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(stl.1)
-inline gsl_constexpr bool operator==( span<T> const & l, span<U> const & r )
-{
-    return  l.size()  == r.size()
-        && (l.begin() == r.begin() || std::equal( l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin() ) );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(stl.1)
-inline gsl_constexpr bool operator< ( span<T> const & l, span<U> const & r )
-{
-    return std::lexicographical_compare( l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin(), r.end() );
-}
-
-# else // a.k.a. !gsl_CONFIG( ALLOWS_NONSTRICT_SPAN_COMPARISON )
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(stl.1)
-inline gsl_constexpr bool operator==( span<T> const & l, span<T> const & r )
-{
-    return  l.size()  == r.size()
-        && (l.begin() == r.begin() || std::equal( l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin() ) );
-}
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(stl.1)
-inline gsl_constexpr bool operator< ( span<T> const & l, span<T> const & r )
-{
-    return std::lexicographical_compare( l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin(), r.end() );
-}
-# endif // gsl_CONFIG( ALLOWS_NONSTRICT_SPAN_COMPARISON )
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr bool operator!=( span<T> const & l, span<U> const & r )
-{
-    return !( l == r );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr bool operator<=( span<T> const & l, span<U> const & r )
-{
-    return !( r < l );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr bool operator> ( span<T> const & l, span<U> const & r )
-{
-    return ( r < l );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr bool operator>=( span<T> const & l, span<U> const & r )
-{
-    return !( l < r );
-}
-#endif // gsl_CONFIG( ALLOWS_SPAN_COMPARISON )
-
-// span algorithms
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr std::size_t size( span<T> const & spn )
-{
-    return static_cast<std::size_t>( spn.size() );
-}
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr std::ptrdiff_t ssize( span<T> const & spn )
-{
-    return spn.ssize();
-}
-
-namespace detail {
-
-template< class II, class N, class OI >
-gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 inline OI copy_n( II first, N count, OI result )
-{
-    if ( count > 0 )
-    {
-        *result++ = *first;
-        for ( N i = 1; i < count; ++i )
-        {
-            *result++ = *++first;
-        }
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 inline void copy( span<T> src, span<U> dest )
-{
-#if gsl_CPP14_OR_GREATER // gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS ) (circumvent Travis clang 3.4)
-    static_assert( std::is_assignable<U &, T const &>::value, "Cannot assign elements of source span to elements of destination span" );
-#endif
-    gsl_Expects( dest.size() >= src.size() );
-    detail::copy_n( src.data(), src.size(), dest.data() );
-}
-
-// span creator functions (see ctors)
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline span< const byte > as_bytes( span<T> spn ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return span< const byte >( reinterpret_cast<const byte *>( spn.data() ), spn.size_bytes() ); // NOLINT
-}
-
-template< class T>
-gsl_api inline span< byte > as_writable_bytes( span<T> spn ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return span< byte >( reinterpret_cast<byte *>( spn.data() ), spn.size_bytes() ); // NOLINT
-}
-
-#if ! gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 6 )
-template< class T>
-gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG("use as_writable_bytes() (different spelling) instead")
-gsl_api inline span< byte > as_writeable_bytes( span<T> spn ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return span< byte >( reinterpret_cast<byte *>( spn.data() ), spn.size_bytes() ); // NOLINT
-}
-#endif // deprecate
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE_TO_STD( MAKE_SPAN )
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr span<T>
-make_span( T * ptr, typename span<T>::index_type count )
-{
-    return span<T>( ptr, count );
-}
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr span<T>
-make_span( T * first, T * last )
-{
-    return span<T>( first, last );
-}
-
-template< class T, size_t N >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr span<T>
-make_span( T (&arr)[N] )
-{
-    return span<T>( gsl_ADDRESSOF( arr[0] ), N );
-}
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( ARRAY )
-
-template< class T, size_t N >
-inline gsl_constexpr span<T>
-make_span( std::array<T,N> & arr )
-{
-    return span<T>( arr );
-}
-
-template< class T, size_t N >
-inline gsl_constexpr span<const T>
-make_span( std::array<T,N> const & arr )
-{
-    return span<const T>( arr );
-}
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( CONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR ) && gsl_HAVE( AUTO )
-
-template< class Container, class EP = decltype( std17::data(std::declval<Container&>())) >
-inline gsl_constexpr auto
-make_span( Container & cont ) -> span< typename std::remove_pointer<EP>::type >
-{
-    return span< typename std::remove_pointer<EP>::type >( cont );
-}
-
-template< class Container, class EP = decltype( std17::data(std::declval<Container&>())) >
-inline gsl_constexpr auto
-make_span( Container const & cont ) -> span< const typename std::remove_pointer<EP>::type >
-{
-    return span< const typename std::remove_pointer<EP>::type >( cont );
-}
-
-#else
-
-template< class T >
-inline span<T>
-make_span( std::vector<T> & cont )
-{
-    return span<T>( with_container, cont );
-}
-
-template< class T >
-inline span<const T>
-make_span( std::vector<T> const & cont )
-{
-    return span<const T>( with_container, cont );
-}
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE_TO_STD( WITH_CONTAINER )
-
-template< class Container >
-inline gsl_constexpr span<typename Container::value_type>
-make_span( with_container_t, Container & cont ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return span< typename Container::value_type >( with_container, cont );
-}
-
-template< class Container >
-inline gsl_constexpr span<const typename Container::value_type>
-make_span( with_container_t, Container const & cont ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return span< const typename Container::value_type >( with_container, cont );
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_FEATURE_TO_STD( WITH_CONTAINER )
-
-#if !gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 4 )
-template< class Ptr >
-gsl_DEPRECATED
-inline span<typename Ptr::element_type>
-make_span( Ptr & ptr )
-{
-    return span<typename Ptr::element_type>( ptr );
-}
-#endif // !gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 4 )
-
-template< class Ptr >
-gsl_DEPRECATED
-inline span<typename Ptr::element_type>
-make_span( Ptr & ptr, typename span<typename Ptr::element_type>::index_type count )
-{
-    return span<typename Ptr::element_type>( ptr, count );
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_FEATURE_TO_STD( MAKE_SPAN )
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE_TO_STD( BYTE_SPAN )
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr span<byte>
-byte_span( T & t ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return span<byte>( reinterpret_cast<byte *>( &t ), sizeof(T) );
-}
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr span<const byte>
-byte_span( T const & t ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return span<const byte>( reinterpret_cast<byte const *>( &t ), sizeof(T) );
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_FEATURE_TO_STD( BYTE_SPAN )
-
-//
-// basic_string_span:
-//
-
-template< class T >
-class basic_string_span;
-
-namespace detail {
-
-template< class T >
-struct is_basic_string_span_oracle : std11::false_type {};
-
-template< class T >
-struct is_basic_string_span_oracle< basic_string_span<T> > : std11::true_type {};
-
-template< class T >
-struct is_basic_string_span : is_basic_string_span_oracle< typename std11::remove_cv<T>::type > {};
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline gsl_constexpr14 std::size_t string_length( T * ptr, std::size_t max )
-{
-    if ( ptr == gsl_nullptr || max <= 0 )
-        return 0;
-
-    std::size_t len = 0;
-    while ( len < max && ptr[len] ) // NOLINT
-        ++len;
-
-    return len;
-}
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-//
-// basic_string_span<> - A view of contiguous characters, replace (*,len).
-//
-template< class T >
-class basic_string_span
-{
-public:
-    typedef T element_type;
-    typedef span<T> span_type;
-
-    typedef typename span_type::index_type index_type;
-    typedef typename span_type::difference_type difference_type;
-
-    typedef typename span_type::pointer pointer ;
-    typedef typename span_type::reference reference ;
-
-    typedef typename span_type::iterator iterator ;
-    typedef typename span_type::const_iterator const_iterator ;
-    typedef typename span_type::reverse_iterator reverse_iterator;
-    typedef typename span_type::const_reverse_iterator const_reverse_iterator;
-
-    // construction:
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( IS_DEFAULT )
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span() gsl_noexcept = default;
-#else
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr basic_string_span() gsl_noexcept {}
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( NULLPTR )
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( std::nullptr_t ) gsl_noexcept
-    : span_( nullptr, static_cast<index_type>( 0 ) )
-    {}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __CUDACC_RELAXED_CONSTEXPR__
-    gsl_api
-#endif // __CUDACC_RELAXED_CONSTEXPR__
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( pointer ptr )
-    : span_( remove_z( ptr, (std::numeric_limits<index_type>::max)() ) )
-    {}
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( pointer ptr, index_type count )
-    : span_( ptr, count )
-    {}
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( pointer firstElem, pointer lastElem )
-    : span_( firstElem, lastElem )
-    {}
-
-    template< std::size_t N >
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( element_type (&arr)[N] )
-    : span_( remove_z( gsl_ADDRESSOF( arr[0] ), N ) )
-    {}
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( ARRAY )
-
-    template< std::size_t N >
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( std::array< typename std11::remove_const<element_type>::type, N> & arr )
-    : span_( remove_z( arr ) )
-    {}
-
-    template< std::size_t N >
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( std::array< typename std11::remove_const<element_type>::type, N> const & arr )
-    : span_( remove_z( arr ) )
-    {}
-
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( CONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR )
-
-    // Exclude: array, [basic_string,] basic_string_span
-
-    template< class Container
-        gsl_ENABLE_IF_((
-            ! detail::is_std_array< Container >::value
-            && ! detail::is_basic_string_span< Container >::value
-            && std::is_convertible< typename Container::pointer, pointer >::value
-            && std::is_convertible< typename Container::pointer, decltype(std::declval<Container>().data()) >::value
-        ))
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( Container & cont )
-    : span_( ( cont ) )
-    {}
-
-    // Exclude: array, [basic_string,] basic_string_span
-
-    template< class Container
-        gsl_ENABLE_IF_((
-            ! detail::is_std_array< Container >::value
-            && ! detail::is_basic_string_span< Container >::value
-            && std::is_convertible< typename Container::pointer, pointer >::value
-            && std::is_convertible< typename Container::pointer, decltype(std::declval<Container const &>().data()) >::value
-        ))
-    >
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( Container const & cont )
-    : span_( ( cont ) )
-    {}
-
-#elif gsl_HAVE( UNCONSTRAINED_SPAN_CONTAINER_CTOR )
-
-    template< class Container >
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( Container & cont )
-    : span_( cont )
-    {}
-
-    template< class Container >
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( Container const & cont )
-    : span_( cont )
-    {}
-
-#else
-
-    template< class U >
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( span<U> const & rhs )
-    : span_( rhs )
-    {}
-
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE_TO_STD( WITH_CONTAINER )
-
-    template< class Container >
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( with_container_t, Container & cont )
-    : span_( with_container, cont )
-    {}
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( IS_DEFAULT )
-# if gsl_BETWEEN( gsl_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION, 440, 600 )
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( basic_string_span const & rhs ) = default;
-
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( basic_string_span && rhs ) = default;
-# else
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( basic_string_span const & rhs ) gsl_noexcept = default;
-
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( basic_string_span && rhs ) gsl_noexcept = default;
-# endif
-#endif
-
-    template< class U
-        gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_convertible<typename basic_string_span<U>::pointer, pointer>::value ))
-    >
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( basic_string_span<U> const & rhs )
-    : span_( reinterpret_cast<pointer>( rhs.data() ), rhs.length() ) // NOLINT
-    {}
-
-#if gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION >= 120
-    template< class U
-        gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( std::is_convertible<typename basic_string_span<U>::pointer, pointer>::value ))
-    >
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr basic_string_span( basic_string_span<U> && rhs )
-    : span_( reinterpret_cast<pointer>( rhs.data() ), rhs.length() ) // NOLINT
-    {}
-#endif
-
-    template< class CharTraits, class Allocator >
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span(
-        std::basic_string< typename std11::remove_const<element_type>::type, CharTraits, Allocator > & str )
-    : span_( gsl_ADDRESSOF( str[0] ), str.length() )
-    {}
-
-    template< class CharTraits, class Allocator >
-    gsl_constexpr basic_string_span(
-        std::basic_string< typename std11::remove_const<element_type>::type, CharTraits, Allocator > const & str )
-    : span_( gsl_ADDRESSOF( str[0] ), str.length() )
-    {}
-
-    // assignment:
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( IS_DEFAULT )
-    gsl_constexpr14 basic_string_span & operator=( basic_string_span const & rhs ) gsl_noexcept = default;
-
-    gsl_constexpr14 basic_string_span & operator=( basic_string_span && rhs ) gsl_noexcept = default;
-#endif
-
-    // sub span:
-
-    /*gsl_api*/ // currently disabled due to an apparent NVCC bug
-    gsl_constexpr14 basic_string_span first( index_type count ) const
-    {
-        return span_.first( count );
-    }
-
-    /*gsl_api*/ // currently disabled due to an apparent NVCC bug
-    gsl_constexpr14 basic_string_span last( index_type count ) const
-    {
-        return span_.last( count );
-    }
-
-    /*gsl_api*/ // currently disabled due to an apparent NVCC bug
-    gsl_constexpr14 basic_string_span subspan( index_type offset ) const
-    {
-        return span_.subspan( offset );
-    }
-
-    /*gsl_api*/ // currently disabled due to an apparent NVCC bug
-    gsl_constexpr14 basic_string_span subspan( index_type offset, index_type count ) const
-    {
-        return span_.subspan( offset, count );
-    }
-
-    // observers:
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr index_type length() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.size();
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr index_type size() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.size();
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr index_type length_bytes() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.size_bytes();
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr index_type size_bytes() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.size_bytes();
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr bool empty() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return size() == 0;
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 reference operator[]( index_type idx ) const
-    {
-        return span_[idx];
-    }
-
-#if ! gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 6 )
-    gsl_DEPRECATED_MSG("use subscript indexing instead")
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 reference operator()( index_type idx ) const
-    {
-        return span_[idx];
-    }
-#endif // deprecate
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 reference front() const
-    {
-        return span_.front();
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 reference back() const
-    {
-        return span_.back();
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr pointer data() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.data();
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr iterator begin() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.begin();
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr iterator end() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.end();
-    }
-
-    gsl_constexpr17 reverse_iterator rbegin() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.rbegin();
-    }
-
-    gsl_constexpr17 reverse_iterator rend() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.rend();
-    }
-
-    // const version not in p0123r2:
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.cbegin();
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr const_iterator cend() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.cend();
-    }
-
-    gsl_constexpr17 const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.crbegin();
-    }
-
-    gsl_constexpr17 const_reverse_iterator crend() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.crend();
-    }
-
-private:
-    gsl_api static gsl_constexpr14 span_type remove_z( pointer const & sz, std::size_t max )
-    {
-        return span_type( sz, detail::string_length( sz, max ) );
-    }
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( ARRAY )
-    template< size_t N >
-    static gsl_constexpr14 span_type remove_z( std::array<typename std11::remove_const<element_type>::type, N> & arr )
-    {
-        return remove_z( gsl_ADDRESSOF( arr[0] ), narrow_cast< std::size_t >( N ) );
-    }
-
-    template< size_t N >
-    static gsl_constexpr14 span_type remove_z( std::array<typename std11::remove_const<element_type>::type, N> const & arr )
-    {
-        return remove_z( gsl_ADDRESSOF( arr[0] ), narrow_cast< std::size_t >( N ) );
-    }
-#endif
-
-private:
-    span_type span_;
-};
-
-// basic_string_span comparison functions:
-
-#if gsl_CONFIG( ALLOWS_NONSTRICT_SPAN_COMPARISON )
-
-template< class T, class U >
-gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(stl.1)
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator==( basic_string_span<T> const & l, U const & u ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    const basic_string_span< typename std11::add_const<T>::type > r( u );
-
-    return l.size() == r.size()
-        && std::equal( l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin() );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(stl.1)
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator<( basic_string_span<T> const & l, U const & u ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    const basic_string_span< typename std11::add_const<T>::type > r( u );
-
-    return std::lexicographical_compare( l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin(), r.end() );
-}
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG )
-
-template< class T, class U
-    gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( !detail::is_basic_string_span<U>::value ))
->
-gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(stl.1)
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator==( U const & u, basic_string_span<T> const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    const basic_string_span< typename std11::add_const<T>::type > l( u );
-
-    return l.size() == r.size()
-        && std::equal( l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin() );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U
-    gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( !detail::is_basic_string_span<U>::value ))
->
-gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(stl.1)
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator<( U const & u, basic_string_span<T> const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    const basic_string_span< typename std11::add_const<T>::type > l( u );
-
-    return std::lexicographical_compare( l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin(), r.end() );
-}
-#endif
-
-#else //gsl_CONFIG( ALLOWS_NONSTRICT_SPAN_COMPARISON )
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(stl.1)
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator==( basic_string_span<T> const & l, basic_string_span<T> const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return l.size() == r.size()
-        && std::equal( l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin() );
-}
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_SUPPRESS_MSGSL_WARNING(stl.1)
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator<( basic_string_span<T> const & l, basic_string_span<T> const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return std::lexicographical_compare( l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin(), r.end() );
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_CONFIG( ALLOWS_NONSTRICT_SPAN_COMPARISON )
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator!=( basic_string_span<T> const & l, U const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return !( l == r );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator<=( basic_string_span<T> const & l, U const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-#if gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) || ! gsl_CONFIG( ALLOWS_NONSTRICT_SPAN_COMPARISON )
-    return !( r < l );
-#else
-    basic_string_span< typename std11::add_const<T>::type > rr( r );
-    return !( rr < l );
-#endif
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator>( basic_string_span<T> const & l, U const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-#if gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG ) || ! gsl_CONFIG( ALLOWS_NONSTRICT_SPAN_COMPARISON )
-    return ( r < l );
-#else
-    basic_string_span< typename std11::add_const<T>::type > rr( r );
-    return ( rr < l );
-#endif
-}
-
-template< class T, class U >
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator>=( basic_string_span<T> const & l, U const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return !( l < r );
-}
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG )
-
-template< class T, class U
-    gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( !detail::is_basic_string_span<U>::value ))
->
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator!=( U const & l, basic_string_span<T> const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return !( l == r );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U
-    gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( !detail::is_basic_string_span<U>::value ))
->
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator<=( U const & l, basic_string_span<T> const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return !( r < l );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U
-    gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( !detail::is_basic_string_span<U>::value ))
->
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator>( U const & l, basic_string_span<T> const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return ( r < l );
-}
-
-template< class T, class U
-    gsl_ENABLE_IF_(( !detail::is_basic_string_span<U>::value ))
->
-inline gsl_constexpr14 bool operator>=( U const & l, basic_string_span<T> const & r ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return !( l < r );
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( DEFAULT_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ARG )
-
-// convert basic_string_span to byte span:
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline span< const byte > as_bytes( basic_string_span<T> spn ) gsl_noexcept
-{
-    return span< const byte >( reinterpret_cast<const byte *>( spn.data() ), spn.size_bytes() ); // NOLINT
-}
-
-//
-// String types:
-//
-
-typedef char * zstring;
-typedef const char * czstring;
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( WCHAR )
-typedef wchar_t * wzstring;
-typedef const wchar_t * cwzstring;
-#endif
-
-typedef basic_string_span< char > string_span;
-typedef basic_string_span< char const > cstring_span;
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( WCHAR )
-typedef basic_string_span< wchar_t > wstring_span;
-typedef basic_string_span< wchar_t const > cwstring_span;
-#endif
-
-// to_string() allow (explicit) conversions from string_span to string
-
-#if 0
-
-template< class T >
-inline std::basic_string< typename std::remove_const<T>::type > to_string( basic_string_span<T> spn )
-{
-     std::string( spn.data(), spn.length() );
-}
-
-#else
-
-inline std::string to_string( string_span const & spn )
-{
-    return std::string( spn.data(), spn.length() );
-}
-
-inline std::string to_string( cstring_span const & spn )
-{
-    return std::string( spn.data(), spn.length() );
-}
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( WCHAR )
-
-inline std::wstring to_string( wstring_span const & spn )
-{
-    return std::wstring( spn.data(), spn.length() );
-}
-
-inline std::wstring to_string( cwstring_span const & spn )
-{
-    return std::wstring( spn.data(), spn.length() );
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( WCHAR )
-#endif // to_string()
-
-//
-// Stream output for string_span types
-//
-
-namespace detail {
-
-template< class Stream >
-void write_padding( Stream & os, std::streamsize n )
-{
-    for ( std::streamsize i = 0; i < n; ++i )
-        os.rdbuf()->sputc( os.fill() );
-}
-
-template< class Stream, class Span >
-Stream & write_to_stream( Stream & os, Span const & spn )
-{
-    typename Stream::sentry sentry( os );
-
-    if ( !os )
-        return os;
-
-    const std::streamsize length = narrow<std::streamsize>( spn.length() );
-
-    // Whether, and how, to pad
-    const bool pad = ( length < os.width() );
-    const bool left_pad = pad && ( os.flags() & std::ios_base::adjustfield ) == std::ios_base::right;
-
-    if ( left_pad )
-        write_padding( os, os.width() - length );
-
-    // Write span characters
-    os.rdbuf()->sputn( spn.begin(), length );
-
-    if ( pad && !left_pad )
-        write_padding( os, os.width() - length );
-
-    // Reset output stream width
-    os.width(0);
-
-    return os;
-}
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-template< typename Traits >
-std::basic_ostream< char, Traits > & operator<<( std::basic_ostream< char, Traits > & os, string_span const & spn )
-{
-    return detail::write_to_stream( os, spn );
-}
-
-template< typename Traits >
-std::basic_ostream< char, Traits > & operator<<( std::basic_ostream< char, Traits > & os, cstring_span const & spn )
-{
-    return detail::write_to_stream( os, spn );
-}
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( WCHAR )
-
-template< typename Traits >
-std::basic_ostream< wchar_t, Traits > & operator<<( std::basic_ostream< wchar_t, Traits > & os, wstring_span const & spn )
-{
-    return detail::write_to_stream( os, spn );
-}
-
-template< typename Traits >
-std::basic_ostream< wchar_t, Traits > & operator<<( std::basic_ostream< wchar_t, Traits > & os, cwstring_span const & spn )
-{
-    return detail::write_to_stream( os, spn );
-}
-
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( WCHAR )
-
-//
-// ensure_sentinel()
-//
-// Provides a way to obtain a span from a contiguous sequence
-// that ends with a (non-inclusive) sentinel value.
-//
-// Will fail-fast if sentinel cannot be found before max elements are examined.
-//
-namespace detail {
-
-template< class T, class SizeType, const T Sentinel >
-gsl_api static span<T> ensure_sentinel( T * seq, SizeType max = (std::numeric_limits<SizeType>::max)() )
-{
-    typedef T * pointer;
-
-    gsl_SUPPRESS_MSVC_WARNING( 26429, "f.23: symbol 'cur' is never tested for nullness, it can be marked as not_null" )
-    pointer cur = seq;
-
-    while ( static_cast<SizeType>( cur - seq ) < max && *cur != Sentinel )
-        ++cur;
-
-    gsl_Expects( *cur == Sentinel );
-
-    return span<T>( seq, narrow_cast< typename span<T>::index_type >( cur - seq ) );
-}
-} // namespace detail
-
-//
-// ensure_z - creates a string_span for a czstring or cwzstring.
-// Will fail fast if a null-terminator cannot be found before
-// the limit of size_type.
-//
-
-template< class T >
-gsl_api inline span<T> ensure_z( T * const & sz, size_t max = (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)() )
-{
-    return detail::ensure_sentinel<T, size_t, 0>( sz, max );
-}
-
-template< class T, size_t N >
-gsl_api inline span<T> ensure_z( T (&sz)[N] )
-{
-    return ::gsl::ensure_z( gsl_ADDRESSOF( sz[0] ), N );
-}
-
-# if gsl_HAVE( TYPE_TRAITS )
-
-template< class Container >
-inline span< typename std::remove_pointer<typename Container::pointer>::type >
-ensure_z( Container & cont )
-{
-    return ::gsl::ensure_z( cont.data(), cont.length() );
-}
-# endif
-
-//
-// basic_zstring_span<> - A view of contiguous null-terminated characters, replace (*,len).
-//
-
-template <typename T>
-class basic_zstring_span
-{
-public:
-    typedef T element_type;
-    typedef span<T> span_type;
-
-    typedef typename span_type::index_type index_type;
-    typedef typename span_type::difference_type difference_type;
-
-    typedef element_type * czstring_type;
-    typedef basic_string_span<element_type> string_span_type;
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr14 basic_zstring_span( span_type s )
-        : span_( s )
-    {
-        // expects a zero-terminated span
-        gsl_Expects( s[s.size() - 1] == '\0');
-    }
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( IS_DEFAULT )
-    gsl_constexpr basic_zstring_span( basic_zstring_span const & other ) = default;
-    gsl_constexpr basic_zstring_span( basic_zstring_span &&      other ) = default;
-    gsl_constexpr14 basic_zstring_span & operator=( basic_zstring_span const & other ) = default;
-    gsl_constexpr14 basic_zstring_span & operator=( basic_zstring_span &&      other ) = default;
-#else
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr basic_zstring_span( basic_zstring_span const & other) : span_ ( other.span_ ) {}
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr basic_zstring_span & operator=( basic_zstring_span const & other ) { span_ = other.span_; return *this; }
-#endif
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr bool empty() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.size() == 0;
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr string_span_type as_string_span() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return string_span_type( span_.data(), span_.size() > 1 ? span_.size() - 1 : 0 );
-    }
-
-    /*gsl_api*/ // currently disabled due to an apparent NVCC bug
-    gsl_constexpr string_span_type ensure_z() const
-    {
-        return ::gsl::ensure_z(span_.data(), span_.size());
-    }
-
-    gsl_api gsl_constexpr czstring_type assume_z() const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return span_.data();
-    }
-
-private:
-    span_type span_;
-};
-
-//
-// zString types:
-//
-
-typedef basic_zstring_span< char > zstring_span;
-typedef basic_zstring_span< char const > czstring_span;
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( WCHAR )
-typedef basic_zstring_span< wchar_t > wzstring_span;
-typedef basic_zstring_span< wchar_t const > cwzstring_span;
-#endif
-
-} // namespace gsl
-
-#if gsl_CPP11_OR_GREATER || gsl_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION >= 120
-
-namespace std {
-
-template<>
-struct hash< ::gsl::byte >
-{
-public:
-    gsl_constexpr std::size_t operator()( ::gsl::byte v ) const gsl_noexcept
-    {
-        return ::gsl::to_integer<std::size_t>( v );
-    }
-};
-
-} // namespace std
-
-#endif
-
-#if gsl_FEATURE_GSL_LITE_NAMESPACE
-
-// gsl_lite namespace:
-
-// gsl-lite currently keeps all symbols in the namespace `gsl`. The `gsl_lite` namespace contains all the symbols in the
-// `gsl` namespace, plus some extensions that are not specified in the Core Guidelines.
-//
-// Going forward, we want to support coexistence of gsl-lite with M-GSL, so we want to encourage using the `gsl_lite`
-// namespace when consuming gsl-lite. Typical use in library code would be:
-//
-//     #include <gsl-lite/gsl-lite.hpp> // instead of <gsl/gsl-lite.hpp>
-//
-//     namespace foo {
-//         namespace gsl = ::gsl_lite; // convenience alias
-//         double mean(gsl::span<double const> elements) {
-//             gsl_Expects(!elements.empty()); // instead of Expects()
-//             ...
-//         }
-//     } // namespace foo
-//
-// In a future version, the new <gsl-lite/gsl-lite.hpp> header will only define the `gsl_lite` namespace and no
-// unprefixed `Expects()` and `Ensures()` macros to avoid collision with M-GSL. To ensure backward compatibility, the
-// old header <gsl/gsl-lite.hpp> will keep defining the `gsl` namespace and the `Expects()` and `Ensures()` macros.
-
-namespace gsl_lite
-{
-
-namespace std11 = ::gsl::std11;
-namespace std14 = ::gsl::std14;
-namespace std17 = ::gsl::std17;
-namespace std20 = ::gsl::std20;
-
-using namespace std11;
-using namespace std14;
-using namespace std17;
-using namespace std20;
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( SHARED_PTR )
-using std::unique_ptr;
-using std::shared_ptr;
-using std::make_shared;
-#endif
-
-using ::gsl::index;
-
-// Integer type for dimensions.
-typedef gsl_CONFIG_INDEX_TYPE dim;
-
-// Integer type for array strides.
-typedef gsl_CONFIG_INDEX_TYPE stride;
-
-// Integer type for pointer, iterator, or index differences.
-typedef gsl_CONFIG_INDEX_TYPE diff;
-
-#if  gsl_HAVE( ALIAS_TEMPLATE )
-using ::gsl::owner;
-#endif
-
-using ::gsl::fail_fast;
-
-using ::gsl::finally;
-#if gsl_FEATURE( EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD )
-using ::gsl::on_return;
-using ::gsl::on_error;
-#endif // gsl_FEATURE( EXPERIMENTAL_RETURN_GUARD )
-
-using ::gsl::narrow_cast;
-using ::gsl::narrowing_error;
-using ::gsl::narrow;
-using ::gsl::narrow_failfast;
-
-
-using ::gsl::at;
-
-using ::gsl::not_null;
-using ::gsl::make_not_null;
-
-using ::gsl::byte;
-
-using ::gsl::with_container_t;
-using ::gsl::with_container;
-
-using ::gsl::span;
-using ::gsl::make_span;
-using ::gsl::byte_span;
-using ::gsl::copy;
-using ::gsl::as_bytes;
-using ::gsl::as_writable_bytes;
-#if ! gsl_DEPRECATE_TO_LEVEL( 6 )
-using ::gsl::as_writeable_bytes;
-#endif
-
-using ::gsl::basic_string_span;
-using ::gsl::string_span;
-using ::gsl::cstring_span;
-
-using ::gsl::basic_zstring_span;
-using ::gsl::zstring_span;
-using ::gsl::czstring_span;
-
-using ::gsl::zstring;
-using ::gsl::czstring;
-
-#if gsl_HAVE( WCHAR )
-using ::gsl::wzstring;
-using ::gsl::cwzstring;
-
-using ::gsl::wzstring_span;
-using ::gsl::cwzstring_span;
-#endif // gsl_HAVE( WCHAR )
-
-} // namespace gsl_lite
-
-#endif // gsl_FEATURE_GSL_LITE_NAMESPACE
-
-gsl_RESTORE_MSVC_WARNINGS()
-
-#endif // GSL_GSL_LITE_HPP_INCLUDED
-
-// end of file