[I] [C++][Parquet] Add Skip on Parquet decoders [arrow]

["AntoinePrv (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>]

AntoinePrv opened a new issue, #50453:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/50453

   ### Describe the enhancement requested
   
   Add `Skip` on `TypedDecoder` in Parquet encoding.
   
   https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/3b515ede5fa270bab8ebbaba9afef816854a3708/cpp/src/parquet/encoding.h#L267
   
   The absence of this function means that downstream users have to allocate and and decode into a scratch buffer to be able to throw away values.
   While not all decoder can have an efficient `Skip` implementation, some can, and the remaining can adapt the value of a stack buffer to a size appropriate for their own `Decode` function.
   
   ### Component(s)
   
   C++, Parquet


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