svn commit: r706632 - /db/derby/docs/trunk/src/ref/rrefjdbc88908.dita

[ch...@apache.org]

Author: chaase3
Date: Tue Oct 21 07:04:13 2008
New Revision: 706632

URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?rev=706632&view=rev
Log:
DERBY-3894: Reference Manual: supported functions should be listed in JDBC escape syntax topic

Added remaining supported functions to topic, listed them in groups by type, and fixed formatting. Also updated index entries and formatted them for readability.

Patch: DERBY-3894-2.diff

Modified:
    db/derby/docs/trunk/src/ref/rrefjdbc88908.dita

Modified: db/derby/docs/trunk/src/ref/rrefjdbc88908.dita
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/db/derby/docs/trunk/src/ref/rrefjdbc88908.dita?rev=706632&r1=706631&r2=706632&view=diff
==============================================================================
--- db/derby/docs/trunk/src/ref/rrefjdbc88908.dita (original)
+++ db/derby/docs/trunk/src/ref/rrefjdbc88908.dita Tue Oct 21 07:04:13 2008
@@ -21,179 +21,390 @@
 <reference id="rrefjdbc88908" xml:lang="en-us">
 <title>JDBC escape syntax for fn keyword</title>
 <prolog><metadata>
-<keywords><indexterm>fn<indexterm>JDBC escape keyword</indexterm><indexterm>JDBC <indexterm>escape
-keyword</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>escape keyword<indexterm>JDBC </indexterm></indexterm></indexterm>
-<indexterm>JDBC<indexterm>escape functions</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>substring<indexterm>JDBC
-scalar function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>mod<indexterm>JDBC scalar
-function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>locate<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
-<indexterm>abs<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>sqrt<indexterm>JDBC
-scalar function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>concat<indexterm>JDBC scalar
-function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>TIMESTAMPADD function<indexterm>JDBC
-scalar function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>TIMESTAMPDIFF function<indexterm>JDBC
-scalar function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>acos<indexterm>JDBC scalar
-function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>asin<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<keywords><indexterm>fn<indexterm>JDBC escape keyword</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>JDBC<indexterm>escape keyword</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>escape keyword<indexterm>JDBC</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>JDBC<indexterm>escape functions</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>abs<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>acos<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>asin<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
 <indexterm>atan<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
-<indexterm>atan2<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>ceiling<indexterm>JDBC
-scalar function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>cos<indexterm>JDBC scalar
-function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>degrees<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
-<indexterm>exp<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>floor<indexterm>JDBC
-scalar function</indexterm><indexterm>log<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>log10<indexterm>JDBC
-scalar function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>pi<indexterm>JDBC scalar
-function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>radians<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>sin<indexterm>JDBC
-scalar function</indexterm></indexterm></indexterm><indexterm>tan<indexterm>JDBC
-scalar function</indexterm></indexterm></keywords>
+<indexterm>atan2<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>ceiling<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>cos<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>cot<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>degrees<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>exp<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>floor<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>log<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>log10<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>mod<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>pi<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>radians<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>rand<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>sign<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>sin<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>sqrt<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>tan<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>concat<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>lcase<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>length<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>locate<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>ltrim<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>rtrim<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>substring<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>ucase<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>curdate<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>curtime<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>hour<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>minute<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>month<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>second<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>TIMESTAMPADD function<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>TIMESTAMPDIFF function<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+<indexterm>year<indexterm>JDBC scalar function</indexterm></indexterm>
+</keywords>
 </metadata></prolog>
 <refbody>
-<section> <p>You can specify functions in JDBC escape syntax, by using the <parmname>fn</parmname> keyword.</p></section>
-<refsyn><title>Syntax</title><codeblock><b>{fn <i>functionCall</i>}</b></codeblock><p>where <i>functionCall</i> is
-the name of one of the following scalar functions:</p><dl><dlentry>
+<section> <p>You can specify functions in JDBC escape syntax by using the
+<codeph>fn</codeph> keyword.</p></section>
+<refsyn><title>Syntax</title>
+<codeblock><b>{fn <i>functionCall</i>}</b></codeblock>
+<p>where <i>functionCall</i> is the name of one of the scalar functions listed
+below. The functions are of the following types:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Numeric functions</li>
+<li>String functions</li>
+<li>Date and time functions</li>
+<li>System function</li>
+</ul>
+</refsyn>
+<section><title>Numeric functions</title>
+<dl><dlentry>
 <dt>abs</dt>
-<dd>Returns the absolute value of a number.<codeblock><b>abs(<i>NumericExpression</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn abs(<i>NumericExpression</i>)} is equivalent to the
-built-in syntax <xref href="rrefsqlj98067.dita#rrefsqlj98067/i1195049">ABSOLUTE(NumericExpression)</xref>.
+<dd>Returns the absolute value of a number.
+<codeblock><b>abs(<i>NumericExpression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn abs(<i>NumericExpression</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>ABS(<i>NumericExpression</i>)</codeph>.
 For more information, see <xref href="rrefsqlj98067.dita#rrefsqlj98067"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>acos</dt>
-<dd>Returns the arc cosine of a specified number.<codeblock><b>acos(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn acos(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in
-syntax ACOS(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffuncacos.dita#rreffuncacos"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Returns the arc cosine of a specified number.
+<codeblock><b>acos(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn acos(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>ACOS(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rreffuncacos.dita#rreffuncacos"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>asin</dt>
-<dd>Returns the arc sine of a specified number.<codeblock><b>asin(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn asin(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in
-syntax ASIN(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffuncasin.dita#rreffuncasin"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Returns the arc sine of a specified number.
+<codeblock><b>asin(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn asin(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>ASIN(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rreffuncasin.dita#rreffuncasin"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>atan</dt>
-<dd>Returns the arc tangent of a specified number.<codeblock><b>atan(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn atan(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in
-syntax ATAN(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffuncatan.dita#rreffuncatan"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Returns the arc tangent of a specified number.
+<codeblock><b>atan(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn atan(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>ATAN(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rreffuncatan.dita#rreffuncatan"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>atan2</dt>
-<dd>Returns the arc tangent in radians of <i>y</i>/<i>x</i>.
-<codeblock><b>atan2(<i>y</i>, <i>x</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn atan2(<i>y</i>, <i>x</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in
-syntax ATAN2(<i>y</i>, <i>x</i>). For more information, see
-<xref href="rreffuncatan2.dita#rreffuncatan2"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Returns the arc tangent in radians of <codeph><i>y</i>/<i>x</i></codeph>.
+<codeblock><b>atan2(<i>y</i>, <i>x</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn atan2(<i>y</i>, <i>x</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>ATAN2(<i>y</i>, <i>x</i>)</codeph>.
+For more information, see <xref href="rreffuncatan2.dita#rreffuncatan2"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>ceiling</dt>
 <dd>Rounds the specified number up, and returns the smallest number that is
-greater than or equal to the specified number.<codeblock><b>ceiling(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn ceiling(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in
-syntax CEILING(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffuncceil.dita#rreffuncceil"></xref>.</p></dd>
-</dlentry><dlentry>
-<dt>concat</dt>
-<dd>Returns the concatenation of character strings.<codeblock><b>concat(<i>CharacterExpression</i>, <i>CharacterExpression</i>)</b></codeblock><p
->Character string formed by appending the second string to the first string.
-If either string is null, the result is NULL. The JDBC escape syntax {fn concat
-(<i>CharacterExpression</i>, <i>CharacterExpression</i>) is equivalent to
-the built-in syntax { CharacterExpression || CharacterExpression }. For more
-information, see <xref href="rrefsqlj40899.dita#rrefsqlj40899"></xref>.</p></dd>
+greater than or equal to the specified number.
+<codeblock><b>ceiling(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn ceiling(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>CEILING(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For
+more information, see <xref href="rreffuncceil.dita#rreffuncceil"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>cos</dt>
-<dd>Returns the cosine of a specified number.<codeblock><b>cos(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn cos(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in syntax
-COS(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffunccos.dita#rreffunccos"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Returns the cosine of a specified number.
+<codeblock><b>cos(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn cos(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent
+to the built-in syntax <codeph>COS(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rreffunccos.dita#rreffunccos"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>cot</dt>
+<dd>Returns the cotangent of a specified number.
+<codeblock><b>cot(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn cot(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent
+to the built-in syntax <codeph>COT(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rreffunccot.dita#rreffunccot"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>degrees</dt>
-<dd>Converts a specified number from radians to degrees.<codeblock><b>degrees(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn degrees(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in
-syntax DEGREES(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffuncdegrees.dita#rreffuncdegrees"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Converts a specified number from radians to degrees.
+<codeblock><b>degrees(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn degrees(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>DEGREES(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For
+more information, see <xref href="rreffuncdegrees.dita#rreffuncdegrees"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>exp</dt>
-<dd>Returns <term>e</term> raised to the power of the specified number.<codeblock><b>exp(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn exp(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in syntax
-EXP(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffuncexp.dita#rreffuncexp"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Returns <term>e</term> raised to the power of the specified number.
+<codeblock><b>exp(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn exp(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent
+to the built-in syntax <codeph>EXP(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rreffuncexp.dita#rreffuncexp"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>floor</dt>
 <dd>Rounds the specified number down, and returns the largest number that
-is less than or equal to the specified number.<codeblock><b>floor(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn floor(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in
-syntax FLOOR(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffuncfloor.dita#rreffuncfloor"></xref>.</p></dd>
-</dlentry><dlentry>
-<dt>locate</dt>
-<dd>Returns the position in the second <i>CharacterExpression</i> of the first
-occurrence of the first <i>CharacterExpression</i>. Searches from the beginning
-of the second <i>CharacterExpression</i>, unless the <i>startIndex</i> parameter
-is specified.<codeblock><b>locate(<i>CharacterExpression</i>,<i>CharacterExpression</i> [, <i>startIndex</i>] )</b></codeblock><p> The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn locate(<i>CharacterExpression</i>,<i>CharacterExpression</i> [, <i>startIndex</i>]
-)} is equivalent to the built-in syntax <xref href="rrefsqlj61998.dita#rrefsqlj61998/i1195050">LOCATE(CharacterExpression,
-CharacterExpression [, StartPosition] )</xref>. For more information, see
-<xref href="rrefsqlj61998.dita#rrefsqlj61998"></xref>.</p></dd>
+is less than or equal to the specified number.
+<codeblock><b>floor(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn floor(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>FLOOR(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For
+more information, see <xref href="rreffuncfloor.dita#rreffuncfloor"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>log</dt>
-<dd>Returns the natural logarithm (base <term>e</term>) of the specified number.<codeblock><b>log(<i>number</i>)</b> </codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn log(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in syntax
-LOG(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffunclog.dita#rreffunclog"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Returns the natural logarithm (base <term>e</term>) of the specified number.
+<codeblock><b>log(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn log(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent
+to the built-in syntax <codeph>LOG(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rreffunclog.dita#rreffunclog"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>log10</dt>
-<dd>Returns the base-10 logarithm of the specified number.<codeblock><b>log10(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn log10(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in
-syntax LOG10(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffunclog10.dita#rreffunclog10"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Returns the base-10 logarithm of the specified number.
+<codeblock><b>log10(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn log10(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>LOG10(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For
+more information, see <xref href="rreffunclog10.dita#rreffunclog10"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>mod</dt>
 <dd> Returns the remainder (modulus) of argument 1 divided by argument 2.
-The result is negative only if argument 1 is negative.<codeblock><b>mod(<i>integer_type</i>, <i>integer_type</i>)</b></codeblock><p>For
-more information, see <xref href="rrefsqljmod.dita#rrefsqljmod"></xref>.</p></dd>
+The result is negative only if argument 1 is negative.
+<codeblock><b>mod(<i>integer_type</i>, <i>integer_type</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax
+<codeph>{fn mod(<i>integer_type</i>, <i>integer_type</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax
+<codeph>MOD(<i>integer_type</i>, <i>integer_type</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rrefsqljmod.dita#rrefsqljmod"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>pi</dt>
-<dd>Returns a value that is closer than any other value to <term>pi</term>.<codeblock><b>pi()</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn pi()} is equivalent to the built-in syntax PI(). For
-more information, see <xref href="rreffuncpi.dita#rreffuncpi"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Returns a value that is closer than any other value to <term>pi</term>.
+<codeblock><b>pi()</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn pi()}</codeph> is equivalent to the
+built-in syntax <codeph>PI()</codeph>. For more information, see
+<xref href="rreffuncpi.dita#rreffuncpi"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>radians</dt>
-<dd>Converts a specified number from degrees to radians.<codeblock><b>radians(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn radians(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in
-syntax RADIANS(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffuncradians.dita#rreffuncradians"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Converts a specified number from degrees to radians.
+<codeblock><b>radians(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn radians(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>RADIANS(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For
+more information, see <xref href="rreffuncradians.dita#rreffuncradians"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>rand</dt>
+<dd>Returns a random number given a seed number.
+<codeblock><b>rand(<i>seed</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn rand(<i>seed</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent
+to the built-in syntax <codeph>RAND(<i>seed</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rreffuncrand.dita#rreffuncrand"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>sign</dt>
+<dd>Returns an integer that represents the sign of a specified number (+1 if the
+number is positive, -1 if it is negative, 0 if it is 0).
+<codeblock><b>sign(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn sign(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent
+to the built-in syntax <codeph>SIGN(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rreffuncsign.dita#rreffuncsign"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>sin</dt>
-<dd>Returns the sine of a specified number.<codeblock><b>sin(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn sin(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in syntax
-SIN(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffuncsin.dita#rreffuncsin"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Returns the sine of a specified number.
+<codeblock><b>sin(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn sin(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent
+to the built-in syntax <codeph>SIN(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rreffuncsin.dita#rreffuncsin"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>sqrt</dt>
-<dd>Returns the square root of floating point number.<codeblock><b>sqrt(<i>FloatingPointExpression</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn sqrt (<i>FloatingPointExpression</i>)} is equivalent
-to the built-in syntax  <xref href="rrefsqlj73147.dita#rrefsqlj73147/i1195048">SQRT(FloatingPointExpression)</xref>.
-For more information, see <xref href="rrefsqlj73147.dita#rrefsqlj73147"></xref>.</p></dd>
-</dlentry><dlentry>
-<dt>substring</dt>
-<dd>Forms a character string by extracting <i>length</i> characters from the <i>CharacterExpression</i> beginning
-at <i>startIndex</i>. The index of the first character in the <i>CharacterExpression</i> is
-1.<codeblock><b>substring(<i>CharacterExpression</i>, <i>startIndex</i>, <i>length</i>)</b></codeblock></dd>
+<dd>Returns the square root of a floating-point number.
+<codeblock><b>sqrt(<i>FloatingPointExpression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax
+<codeph>{fn sqrt(<i>FloatingPointExpression</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent to the
+built-in syntax <codeph>SQRT(<i>FloatingPointExpression</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rrefsqlj73147.dita#rrefsqlj73147"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>tan</dt>
-<dd>Returns the tangent of a specified number.<codeblock><b>tan(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock><p>The
-JDBC escape syntax {fn tan(<i>number</i>)} is equivalent to the built-in syntax
-TAN(number). For more information, see <xref href="rreffunctan.dita#rreffunctan"></xref>.</p></dd>
+<dd>Returns the tangent of a specified number.
+<codeblock><b>tan(<i>number</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn tan(<i>number</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent
+to the built-in syntax <codeph>TAN(<i>number</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rreffunctan.dita#rreffunctan"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry></dl></section>
+<section><title>String functions</title>
+<dl><dlentry>
+<dt>concat</dt>
+<dd>Returns the concatenation of character strings; that is, the character
+string formed by appending the second string to the first string. If either
+string is null, the result is NULL. 
+<codeblock><b>concat(<i>CharacterExpression</i>, <i>CharacterExpression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax
+<codeph>{fn concat(<i>CharacterExpression</i>,
+<i>CharacterExpression</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent to the built-in syntax
+<codeph><i>CharacterExpression</i> || <i>CharacterExpression</i></codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rrefsqlj40899.dita#rrefsqlj40899"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>lcase</dt>
+<dd>Returns a string in which all alphabetic characters in the argument have
+been converted to lowercase. 
+<codeblock><b>lcase(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax
+<codeph>{fn lcase(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent to the
+built-in syntax <codeph>LCASE(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rrefsqlj42049.dita#rrefsqlj42049"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>length</dt>
+<dd>Returns the number of characters in a character string expression. 
+<codeblock><b>length(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax
+<codeph>{fn length(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent to the
+built-in syntax <codeph>LENGTH(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rrefsqlj16762.dita#rrefsqlj16762"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>locate</dt>
+<dd>Returns the position in the second <i>CharacterExpression</i> of the first
+occurrence of the first <i>CharacterExpression</i>. Searches from the beginning
+of the second <i>CharacterExpression</i>, unless the <i>startIndex</i> parameter
+is specified.
+<codeblock><b>locate(<i>CharacterExpression</i>,<i>CharacterExpression</i> [, <i>startIndex</i>] )</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax
+<codeph>{fn locate(<i>CharacterExpression</i>, <i>CharacterExpression</i>
+[, <i>startIndex</i>] )}</codeph> is equivalent to the built-in syntax
+<codeph>LOCATE(<i>CharacterExpression</i>, <i>CharacterExpression</i>
+[, <i>StartPosition]</i> )</codeph>. For more information, see
+<xref href="rrefsqlj61998.dita#rrefsqlj61998"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>ltrim</dt>
+<dd>Removes blanks from the beginning of a character string expression.
+<codeblock><b>ltrim(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax
+<codeph>{fn ltrim(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent to the
+built-in syntax <codeph>LTRIM(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rrefsqlj97870.dita#rrefsqlj97870"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>rtrim</dt>
+<dd>Removes blanks from the end of a character string expression.
+<codeblock><b>rtrim(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax
+<codeph>{fn rtrim(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent to the
+built-in syntax <codeph>RTRIM(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rrefsqlj32613.dita#rrefsqlj32613"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>substring</dt>
+<dd>Forms a character string by extracting <i>length</i> characters from the
+<i>CharacterExpression</i> beginning at <i>startIndex</i>. The index of the
+first character in the <i>CharacterExpression</i> is 1.
+<codeblock><b>substring(<i>CharacterExpression</i>, <i>startIndex</i>, <i>length</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax
+<codeph>{fn substring(<i>CharacterExpression</i>, <i>startIndex</i>,
+<i>length</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent to the built-in syntax
+<codeph>SUBSTR(<i>CharacterExpression</i>, <i>startIndex</i>,
+<i>length</i>)</codeph>. For more information, see
+<xref href="rrefsqlj93082.dita#rrefsqlj93082"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>ucase</dt>
+<dd>Returns a string in which all alphabetic characters in the argument have
+been converted to uppercase. 
+<codeblock><b>ucase(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax
+<codeph>{fn ucase(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)}</codeph> is equivalent to the
+built-in syntax <codeph>UCASE(<i>CharacterExpression</i>)</codeph>. For more
+information, see <xref href="rrefsqlj29930.dita#rrefsqlj29930"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section><title>Date and time functions</title>
+<dl><dlentry>
+<dt>curdate</dt>
+<dd>Returns the current date.
+<codeblock><b>curdate()</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn curdate()}</codeph> is equivalent to the
+built-in syntax <codeph>CURRENT_DATE</codeph>. For more information, see
+<xref href="rrefsqlj34177.dita#rrefsqlj34177"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>curtime</dt>
+<dd>Returns the current time.
+<codeblock><b>curtime()</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn curtime()}</codeph> is equivalent to the
+built-in syntax <codeph>CURRENT_TIME</codeph>. For more information, see
+<xref href="rrefsqlj33772.dita#rrefsqlj33772"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>hour</dt>
+<dd>Returns the hour part of a time value.
+<codeblock><b>hour(<i>expression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn hour(<i>expression</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>HOUR(<i>expression</i>)</codeph>. For
+more information, see <xref href="rrefhourfunc.dita#rrefhourfunc"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>minute</dt>
+<dd>Returns the minute part of a time value.
+<codeblock><b>minute(<i>expression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn minute(<i>expression</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>MINUTE(<i>expression</i>)</codeph>.
+For more information, see
+<xref href="rrefminutefunc.dita#rrefminutefunc"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>month</dt>
+<dd>Returns the month part of a date value.
+<codeblock><b>month(<i>expression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn month(<i>expression</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>MONTH(<i>expression</i>)</codeph>.
+For more information, see
+<xref href="rrefmonthfunc.dita#rrefmonthfunc"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>second</dt>
+<dd>Returns the seconds part of a time value.
+<codeblock><b>second(<i>expression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn second(<i>expression</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>SECOND(<i>expression</i>)</codeph>.
+For more information, see
+<xref href="rrefsecondfunc.dita#rrefsecondfunc"></xref>.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>TIMESTAMPADD</dt>
 <dd>Use the <codeph>TIMESTAMPADD</codeph> function to add the value of an
 interval to a timestamp. The function applies the integer to the specified
 timestamp based on the interval type and returns the sum as a new timestamp.
-You can subtract from the timestamp by using negative integers.<p>The <codeph>TIMESTAMPADD</codeph> is
-a JDBC escaped function, and is only accessible by using the JDBC escape function
-syntax.</p><codeblock><b>TIMESTAMPADD( <i>interval</i>, <i>integerExpression</i>, <i>timestampExpression</i> )</b></codeblock><p>To
-perform <codeph>TIMESTAMPADD</codeph> on dates and times, it is necessary
+You can subtract from the timestamp by using negative integers.
+<p><codeph>TIMESTAMPADD</codeph> is a JDBC escaped function and is accessible
+only by using the JDBC escape function syntax.</p>
+<codeblock><b>TIMESTAMPADD( <i>interval</i>, <i>integerExpression</i>, <i>timestampExpression</i> )</b></codeblock>
+<p>To perform <codeph>TIMESTAMPADD</codeph> on dates and times, it is necessary
 to convert the dates and times to timestamps. Dates are converted to timestamps
-by putting 00:00:00.0 in the time-of-day fields. Times are converted to timestamps
-by putting the current date in the date fields.</p><p>You should not put a
-datetime column inside of a timestamp arithmetic function in WHERE clauses
-because the optimizer will not use any index on the column.</p></dd>
+by putting 00:00:00.0 in the time-of-day fields. Times are converted to
+timestamps by putting the current date in the date fields.</p>
+<p>Do not put a datetime column inside a timestamp arithmetic function in WHERE
+clauses, because the optimizer will not use any index on the column.</p></dd>
 </dlentry><dlentry>
 <dt>TIMESTAMPDIFF</dt>
 <dd>Use the <codeph>TIMESTAMPDIFF</codeph> function to find the difference
 between two timestamp values at a specified interval. For example, the function
-can return the number of minutes between two specified timestamps.<p>The <codeph>TIMESTAMPDIFF</codeph> is
-a JDBC escaped function, and is only accessible by using the JDBC escape function
-syntax.</p><codeblock><b>TIMESTAMPDIFF( <i>interval</i>, <i>timestampExpression1</i>, <i>timestampExpression2</i> )</b></codeblock><p>To
-perform <codeph>TIMESTAMPDIFF</codeph> on dates and times, it is necessary
+can return the number of minutes between two specified timestamps.
+<p>The <codeph>TIMESTAMPDIFF</codeph> is a JDBC escaped function and is
+accessible only by using the JDBC escape function syntax.</p>
+<codeblock><b>TIMESTAMPDIFF( <i>interval</i>, <i>timestampExpression1</i>, <i>timestampExpression2</i> )</b></codeblock>
+<p>To perform <codeph>TIMESTAMPDIFF</codeph> on dates and times, it is necessary
 to convert the dates and times to timestamps. Dates are converted to timestamps
-by putting 00:00:00.0 in the time-of-day fields. Times are converted to timestamps
-by putting the current date in the date fields.</p><p>You should not put a
-datetime column inside of a timestamp arithmetic function in WHERE clauses
-because the optimizer will not use any index on the column.</p></dd>
-</dlentry></dl></refsyn>
-<section><title>Valid intervals for TIMESTAMPADD and TIMESTAMPDIFF</title>The <codeph>TIMESTAMPADD</codeph> and <codeph>TIMESTAMPDIFF</codeph> functions
+by putting 00:00:00.0 in the time-of-day fields. Times are converted to
+timestamps by putting the current date in the date fields.</p>
+<p>Do not put a datetime column inside a timestamp arithmetic function in WHERE
+clauses, because the optimizer will not use any index on the column.</p></dd>
+</dlentry><dlentry>
+<dt>year</dt>
+<dd>Returns the year part of a date value.
+<codeblock><b>year(<i>expression</i>)</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn year(<i>expression</i>)}</codeph> is
+equivalent to the built-in syntax <codeph>YEAR(<i>expression</i>)</codeph>.
+For more information, see
+<xref href="rrefyearfunc.dita#rrefyearfunc"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section><title>Valid intervals for TIMESTAMPADD and TIMESTAMPDIFF</title>
+The <codeph>TIMESTAMPADD</codeph> and <codeph>TIMESTAMPDIFF</codeph> functions
 are used to perform arithmetic with timestamps. These two functions use the
 following valid intervals for arithmetic operations:<ul>
 <li>SQL_TSI_DAY</li>
@@ -206,11 +417,25 @@
 <li>SQL_TSI_WEEK</li>
 <li>SQL_TSI_YEAR</li>
 </ul></section>
-<example><title>Examples for the TIMESTAMPADD and TIMESTAMPDIFF escape functions </title><p>To
-return a timestamp value one month later than the current timestamp, use the
-following syntax:</p><codeblock><b>{fn TIMESTAMPADD( SQL_TSI_MONTH, 1, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)}</b></codeblock><p>To
-return the number of weeks between now and the specified time on January 1,
-2008, use the following syntax:</p><codeblock><b>{fn TIMESTAMPDIFF(SQL_TSI_WEEK, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 
+<example><title>Examples for the TIMESTAMPADD and TIMESTAMPDIFF escape functions </title>
+<p>To return a timestamp value one month later than the current timestamp, use
+the following syntax:</p>
+<codeblock><b>{fn TIMESTAMPADD( SQL_TSI_MONTH, 1, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)}</b></codeblock>
+<p>To return the number of weeks between now and the specified time on January
+1, 2008, use the following syntax:</p>
+<codeblock><b>{fn TIMESTAMPDIFF(SQL_TSI_WEEK, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 
   timestamp('2008-01-01-12.00.00.000000'))}</b></codeblock></example>
+<section><title>System function</title>
+<dl><dlentry>
+<dt>user</dt>
+<dd>Returns the authorization identifier or name of the current user. If there
+is no current user, it returns APP.
+<codeblock><b>user()</b></codeblock>
+<p>The JDBC escape syntax <codeph>{fn user()}</codeph> is equivalent to the
+built-in syntax <codeph>USER</codeph>. For more information, see
+<xref href="rrefsqlj42476.dita#rrefsqlj42476"></xref>.</p></dd>
+</dlentry>
+</dl>
+</section>
 </refbody>
 </reference>