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Posted to commits@mahout.apache.org by ra...@apache.org on 2018/09/08 23:35:18 UTC

[14/15] mahout git commit: NO-JIRA Trevors updates

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/mahout/blob/545648f6/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/Arrays.java
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diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/Arrays.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/Arrays.java
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+/*
+Copyright 1999 CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research.
+Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose 
+is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and 
+that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. 
+CERN makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. 
+It is provided "as is" without expressed or implied warranty.
+*/
+package org.apache.mahout.math;
+
+/**
+ * Array manipulations; complements <tt>java.util.Arrays</tt>.
+ *
+ * @see java.util.Arrays
+ * @see org.apache.mahout.math.Sorting
+ *
+ */
+public final class Arrays {
+
+  private Arrays() {
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that a given array can hold up to <tt>minCapacity</tt> elements.
+   *
+   * Returns the identical array if it can hold at least the number of elements specified. Otherwise, returns a new
+   * array with increased capacity containing the same elements, ensuring that it can hold at least the number of
+   * elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
+   *
+   * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity.
+   */
+  public static byte[] ensureCapacity(byte[] array, int minCapacity) {
+    int oldCapacity = array.length;
+    byte[] newArray;
+    if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
+      int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3) / 2 + 1;
+      if (newCapacity < minCapacity) {
+        newCapacity = minCapacity;
+      }
+
+      newArray = new byte[newCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, oldCapacity);
+    } else {
+      newArray = array;
+    }
+    return newArray;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that a given array can hold up to <tt>minCapacity</tt> elements.
+   *
+   * Returns the identical array if it can hold at least the number of elements specified. Otherwise, returns a new
+   * array with increased capacity containing the same elements, ensuring that it can hold at least the number of
+   * elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
+   *
+   * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity.
+   */
+  public static char[] ensureCapacity(char[] array, int minCapacity) {
+    int oldCapacity = array.length;
+    char[] newArray;
+    if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
+      int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3) / 2 + 1;
+      if (newCapacity < minCapacity) {
+        newCapacity = minCapacity;
+      }
+
+      newArray = new char[newCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, oldCapacity);
+    } else {
+      newArray = array;
+    }
+    return newArray;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that a given array can hold up to <tt>minCapacity</tt> elements.
+   *
+   * Returns the identical array if it can hold at least the number of elements specified. Otherwise, returns a new
+   * array with increased capacity containing the same elements, ensuring that it can hold at least the number of
+   * elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
+   *
+   * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity.
+   */
+  public static double[] ensureCapacity(double[] array, int minCapacity) {
+    int oldCapacity = array.length;
+    double[] newArray;
+    if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
+      int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3) / 2 + 1;
+      if (newCapacity < minCapacity) {
+        newCapacity = minCapacity;
+      }
+
+      newArray = new double[newCapacity];
+      //for (int i = oldCapacity; --i >= 0; ) newArray[i] = array[i];
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, oldCapacity);
+    } else {
+      newArray = array;
+    }
+    return newArray;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that a given array can hold up to <tt>minCapacity</tt> elements.
+   *
+   * Returns the identical array if it can hold at least the number of elements specified. Otherwise, returns a new
+   * array with increased capacity containing the same elements, ensuring that it can hold at least the number of
+   * elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
+   *
+   * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity.
+   */
+  public static float[] ensureCapacity(float[] array, int minCapacity) {
+    int oldCapacity = array.length;
+    float[] newArray;
+    if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
+      int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3) / 2 + 1;
+      if (newCapacity < minCapacity) {
+        newCapacity = minCapacity;
+      }
+
+      newArray = new float[newCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, oldCapacity);
+    } else {
+      newArray = array;
+    }
+    return newArray;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that a given array can hold up to <tt>minCapacity</tt> elements.
+   *
+   * Returns the identical array if it can hold at least the number of elements specified. Otherwise, returns a new
+   * array with increased capacity containing the same elements, ensuring that it can hold at least the number of
+   * elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
+   *
+   * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity.
+   */
+  public static int[] ensureCapacity(int[] array, int minCapacity) {
+    int oldCapacity = array.length;
+    int[] newArray;
+    if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
+      int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3) / 2 + 1;
+      if (newCapacity < minCapacity) {
+        newCapacity = minCapacity;
+      }
+
+      newArray = new int[newCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, oldCapacity);
+    } else {
+      newArray = array;
+    }
+    return newArray;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that a given array can hold up to <tt>minCapacity</tt> elements.
+   *
+   * Returns the identical array if it can hold at least the number of elements specified. Otherwise, returns a new
+   * array with increased capacity containing the same elements, ensuring that it can hold at least the number of
+   * elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
+   *
+   * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity.
+   */
+  public static long[] ensureCapacity(long[] array, int minCapacity) {
+    int oldCapacity = array.length;
+    long[] newArray;
+    if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
+      int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3) / 2 + 1;
+      if (newCapacity < minCapacity) {
+        newCapacity = minCapacity;
+      }
+
+      newArray = new long[newCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, oldCapacity);
+    } else {
+      newArray = array;
+    }
+    return newArray;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that a given array can hold up to <tt>minCapacity</tt> elements.
+   *
+   * Returns the identical array if it can hold at least the number of elements specified. Otherwise, returns a new
+   * array with increased capacity containing the same elements, ensuring that it can hold at least the number of
+   * elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
+   *
+   * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity.
+   */
+  public static Object[] ensureCapacity(Object[] array, int minCapacity) {
+    int oldCapacity = array.length;
+    Object[] newArray;
+    if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
+      int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3) / 2 + 1;
+      if (newCapacity < minCapacity) {
+        newCapacity = minCapacity;
+      }
+
+      newArray = new Object[newCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, oldCapacity);
+    } else {
+      newArray = array;
+    }
+    return newArray;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that a given array can hold up to <tt>minCapacity</tt> elements.
+   *
+   * Returns the identical array if it can hold at least the number of elements specified. Otherwise, returns a new
+   * array with increased capacity containing the same elements, ensuring that it can hold at least the number of
+   * elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
+   *
+   * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity.
+   */
+  public static short[] ensureCapacity(short[] array, int minCapacity) {
+    int oldCapacity = array.length;
+    short[] newArray;
+    if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
+      int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3) / 2 + 1;
+      if (newCapacity < minCapacity) {
+        newCapacity = minCapacity;
+      }
+
+      newArray = new short[newCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, oldCapacity);
+    } else {
+      newArray = array;
+    }
+    return newArray;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that a given array can hold up to <tt>minCapacity</tt> elements.
+   *
+   * Returns the identical array if it can hold at least the number of elements specified. Otherwise, returns a new
+   * array with increased capacity containing the same elements, ensuring that it can hold at least the number of
+   * elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
+   *
+   * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity.
+   */
+  public static boolean[] ensureCapacity(boolean[] array, int minCapacity) {
+    int oldCapacity = array.length;
+    boolean[] newArray;
+    if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
+      int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3) / 2 + 1;
+      if (newCapacity < minCapacity) {
+        newCapacity = minCapacity;
+      }
+
+      newArray = new boolean[newCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, oldCapacity);
+    } else {
+      newArray = array;
+    }
+    return newArray;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string representation of the specified array.  The string representation consists of a list of the
+   * arrays's elements, enclosed in square brackets (<tt>"[]"</tt>).  Adjacent elements are separated by the characters
+   * <tt>", "</tt> (comma and space).
+   *
+   * @return a string representation of the specified array.
+   */
+  public static String toString(byte[] array) {
+    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+    buf.append('[');
+    int maxIndex = array.length - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i <= maxIndex; i++) {
+      buf.append(array[i]);
+      if (i < maxIndex) {
+        buf.append(", ");
+      }
+    }
+    buf.append(']');
+    return buf.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string representation of the specified array.  The string representation consists of a list of the
+   * arrays's elements, enclosed in square brackets (<tt>"[]"</tt>).  Adjacent elements are separated by the characters
+   * <tt>", "</tt> (comma and space).
+   *
+   * @return a string representation of the specified array.
+   */
+  public static String toString(char[] array) {
+    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+    buf.append('[');
+    int maxIndex = array.length - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i <= maxIndex; i++) {
+      buf.append(array[i]);
+      if (i < maxIndex) {
+        buf.append(", ");
+      }
+    }
+    buf.append(']');
+    return buf.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string representation of the specified array.  The string representation consists of a list of the
+   * arrays's elements, enclosed in square brackets (<tt>"[]"</tt>).  Adjacent elements are separated by the characters
+   * <tt>", "</tt> (comma and space).
+   *
+   * @return a string representation of the specified array.
+   */
+  public static String toString(double[] array) {
+    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+    buf.append('[');
+    int maxIndex = array.length - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i <= maxIndex; i++) {
+      buf.append(array[i]);
+      if (i < maxIndex) {
+        buf.append(", ");
+      }
+    }
+    buf.append(']');
+    return buf.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string representation of the specified array.  The string representation consists of a list of the
+   * arrays's elements, enclosed in square brackets (<tt>"[]"</tt>).  Adjacent elements are separated by the characters
+   * <tt>", "</tt> (comma and space).
+   *
+   * @return a string representation of the specified array.
+   */
+  public static String toString(float[] array) {
+    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+    buf.append('[');
+    int maxIndex = array.length - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i <= maxIndex; i++) {
+      buf.append(array[i]);
+      if (i < maxIndex) {
+        buf.append(", ");
+      }
+    }
+    buf.append(']');
+    return buf.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string representation of the specified array.  The string representation consists of a list of the
+   * arrays's elements, enclosed in square brackets (<tt>"[]"</tt>).  Adjacent elements are separated by the characters
+   * <tt>", "</tt> (comma and space).
+   *
+   * @return a string representation of the specified array.
+   */
+  public static String toString(int[] array) {
+    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+    buf.append('[');
+    int maxIndex = array.length - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i <= maxIndex; i++) {
+      buf.append(array[i]);
+      if (i < maxIndex) {
+        buf.append(", ");
+      }
+    }
+    buf.append(']');
+    return buf.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string representation of the specified array.  The string representation consists of a list of the
+   * arrays's elements, enclosed in square brackets (<tt>"[]"</tt>).  Adjacent elements are separated by the characters
+   * <tt>", "</tt> (comma and space).
+   *
+   * @return a string representation of the specified array.
+   */
+  public static String toString(long[] array) {
+    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+    buf.append('[');
+    int maxIndex = array.length - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i <= maxIndex; i++) {
+      buf.append(array[i]);
+      if (i < maxIndex) {
+        buf.append(", ");
+      }
+    }
+    buf.append(']');
+    return buf.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string representation of the specified array.  The string representation consists of a list of the
+   * arrays's elements, enclosed in square brackets (<tt>"[]"</tt>).  Adjacent elements are separated by the characters
+   * <tt>", "</tt> (comma and space).
+   *
+   * @return a string representation of the specified array.
+   */
+  public static String toString(Object[] array) {
+    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+    buf.append('[');
+    int maxIndex = array.length - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i <= maxIndex; i++) {
+      buf.append(array[i]);
+      if (i < maxIndex) {
+        buf.append(", ");
+      }
+    }
+    buf.append(']');
+    return buf.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string representation of the specified array.  The string representation consists of a list of the
+   * arrays's elements, enclosed in square brackets (<tt>"[]"</tt>).  Adjacent elements are separated by the characters
+   * <tt>", "</tt> (comma and space).
+   *
+   * @return a string representation of the specified array.
+   */
+  public static String toString(short[] array) {
+    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+    buf.append('[');
+    int maxIndex = array.length - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i <= maxIndex; i++) {
+      buf.append(array[i]);
+      if (i < maxIndex) {
+        buf.append(", ");
+      }
+    }
+    buf.append(']');
+    return buf.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string representation of the specified array.  The string representation consists of a list of the
+   * arrays's elements, enclosed in square brackets (<tt>"[]"</tt>).  Adjacent elements are separated by the characters
+   * <tt>", "</tt> (comma and space).
+   *
+   * @return a string representation of the specified array.
+   */
+  public static String toString(boolean[] array) {
+    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+    buf.append('[');
+    int maxIndex = array.length - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i <= maxIndex; i++) {
+      buf.append(array[i]);
+      if (i < maxIndex) {
+        buf.append(", ");
+      }
+    }
+    buf.append(']');
+    return buf.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the specified array cannot hold more than <tt>maxCapacity</tt> elements. An application can use this
+   * operation to minimize array storage. <p> Returns the identical array if <tt>array.length &lt;= maxCapacity</tt>.
+   * Otherwise, returns a new array with a length of <tt>maxCapacity</tt> containing the first <tt>maxCapacity</tt>
+   * elements of <tt>array</tt>.
+   *
+   * @param maxCapacity the desired maximum capacity.
+   */
+  public static byte[] trimToCapacity(byte[] array, int maxCapacity) {
+    if (array.length > maxCapacity) {
+      byte[] oldArray = array;
+      array = new byte[maxCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(oldArray, 0, array, 0, maxCapacity);
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the specified array cannot hold more than <tt>maxCapacity</tt> elements. An application can use this
+   * operation to minimize array storage. <p> Returns the identical array if <tt>array.length &lt;= maxCapacity</tt>.
+   * Otherwise, returns a new array with a length of <tt>maxCapacity</tt> containing the first <tt>maxCapacity</tt>
+   * elements of <tt>array</tt>.
+   *
+   * @param maxCapacity the desired maximum capacity.
+   */
+  public static char[] trimToCapacity(char[] array, int maxCapacity) {
+    if (array.length > maxCapacity) {
+      char[] oldArray = array;
+      array = new char[maxCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(oldArray, 0, array, 0, maxCapacity);
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the specified array cannot hold more than <tt>maxCapacity</tt> elements. An application can use this
+   * operation to minimize array storage. <p> Returns the identical array if <tt>array.length &lt;= maxCapacity</tt>.
+   * Otherwise, returns a new array with a length of <tt>maxCapacity</tt> containing the first <tt>maxCapacity</tt>
+   * elements of <tt>array</tt>.
+   *
+   * @param maxCapacity the desired maximum capacity.
+   */
+  public static double[] trimToCapacity(double[] array, int maxCapacity) {
+    if (array.length > maxCapacity) {
+      double[] oldArray = array;
+      array = new double[maxCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(oldArray, 0, array, 0, maxCapacity);
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the specified array cannot hold more than <tt>maxCapacity</tt> elements. An application can use this
+   * operation to minimize array storage. <p> Returns the identical array if <tt>array.length &lt;= maxCapacity</tt>.
+   * Otherwise, returns a new array with a length of <tt>maxCapacity</tt> containing the first <tt>maxCapacity</tt>
+   * elements of <tt>array</tt>.
+   *
+   * @param maxCapacity the desired maximum capacity.
+   */
+  public static float[] trimToCapacity(float[] array, int maxCapacity) {
+    if (array.length > maxCapacity) {
+      float[] oldArray = array;
+      array = new float[maxCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(oldArray, 0, array, 0, maxCapacity);
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the specified array cannot hold more than <tt>maxCapacity</tt> elements. An application can use this
+   * operation to minimize array storage. <p> Returns the identical array if <tt>array.length &lt;= maxCapacity</tt>.
+   * Otherwise, returns a new array with a length of <tt>maxCapacity</tt> containing the first <tt>maxCapacity</tt>
+   * elements of <tt>array</tt>.
+   *
+   * @param maxCapacity the desired maximum capacity.
+   */
+  public static int[] trimToCapacity(int[] array, int maxCapacity) {
+    if (array.length > maxCapacity) {
+      int[] oldArray = array;
+      array = new int[maxCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(oldArray, 0, array, 0, maxCapacity);
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the specified array cannot hold more than <tt>maxCapacity</tt> elements. An application can use this
+   * operation to minimize array storage. <p> Returns the identical array if <tt>array.length &lt;= maxCapacity</tt>.
+   * Otherwise, returns a new array with a length of <tt>maxCapacity</tt> containing the first <tt>maxCapacity</tt>
+   * elements of <tt>array</tt>.
+   *
+   * @param maxCapacity the desired maximum capacity.
+   */
+  public static long[] trimToCapacity(long[] array, int maxCapacity) {
+    if (array.length > maxCapacity) {
+      long[] oldArray = array;
+      array = new long[maxCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(oldArray, 0, array, 0, maxCapacity);
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the specified array cannot hold more than <tt>maxCapacity</tt> elements. An application can use this
+   * operation to minimize array storage. <p> Returns the identical array if <tt>array.length &lt;= maxCapacity</tt>.
+   * Otherwise, returns a new array with a length of <tt>maxCapacity</tt> containing the first <tt>maxCapacity</tt>
+   * elements of <tt>array</tt>.
+   *
+   * @param maxCapacity the desired maximum capacity.
+   */
+  public static Object[] trimToCapacity(Object[] array, int maxCapacity) {
+    if (array.length > maxCapacity) {
+      Object[] oldArray = array;
+      array = new Object[maxCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(oldArray, 0, array, 0, maxCapacity);
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the specified array cannot hold more than <tt>maxCapacity</tt> elements. An application can use this
+   * operation to minimize array storage. <p> Returns the identical array if <tt>array.length &lt;= maxCapacity</tt>.
+   * Otherwise, returns a new array with a length of <tt>maxCapacity</tt> containing the first <tt>maxCapacity</tt>
+   * elements of <tt>array</tt>.
+   *
+   * @param maxCapacity the desired maximum capacity.
+   */
+  public static short[] trimToCapacity(short[] array, int maxCapacity) {
+    if (array.length > maxCapacity) {
+      short[] oldArray = array;
+      array = new short[maxCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(oldArray, 0, array, 0, maxCapacity);
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the specified array cannot hold more than <tt>maxCapacity</tt> elements. An application can use this
+   * operation to minimize array storage. <p> Returns the identical array if <tt>array.length &lt;= maxCapacity</tt>.
+   * Otherwise, returns a new array with a length of <tt>maxCapacity</tt> containing the first <tt>maxCapacity</tt>
+   * elements of <tt>array</tt>.
+   *
+   * @param maxCapacity the desired maximum capacity.
+   */
+  public static boolean[] trimToCapacity(boolean[] array, int maxCapacity) {
+    if (array.length > maxCapacity) {
+      boolean[] oldArray = array;
+      array = new boolean[maxCapacity];
+      System.arraycopy(oldArray, 0, array, 0, maxCapacity);
+    }
+    return array;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@link java.util.Arrays#copyOf} compatibility with Java 1.5.
+   */
+  public static byte[] copyOf(byte[] src, int length) {
+    byte[] result = new byte [length];
+    System.arraycopy(src, 0, result, 0, Math.min(length, src.length));
+    return result;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * {@link java.util.Arrays#copyOf} compatibility with Java 1.5.
+   */
+  public static char[] copyOf(char[] src, int length) {
+    char[] result = new char [length];
+    System.arraycopy(src, 0, result, 0, Math.min(length, src.length));
+    return result;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * {@link java.util.Arrays#copyOf} compatibility with Java 1.5.
+   */
+  public static short[] copyOf(short[] src, int length) {
+    short[] result = new short [length];
+    System.arraycopy(src, 0, result, 0, Math.min(length, src.length));
+    return result;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * {@link java.util.Arrays#copyOf} compatibility with Java 1.5. 
+   */
+  public static int[] copyOf(int[] src, int length) {
+    int[] result = new int [length];
+    System.arraycopy(src, 0, result, 0, Math.min(length, src.length));
+    return result;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * {@link java.util.Arrays#copyOf} compatibility with Java 1.5.
+   */
+  public static float[] copyOf(float[] src, int length) {
+    float[] result = new float [length];
+    System.arraycopy(src, 0, result, 0, Math.min(length, src.length));
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@link java.util.Arrays#copyOf} compatibility with Java 1.5.
+   */
+  public static double[] copyOf(double[] src, int length) {
+    double[] result = new double [length];
+    System.arraycopy(src, 0, result, 0, Math.min(length, src.length));
+    return result;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * {@link java.util.Arrays#copyOf} compatibility with Java 1.5.
+   */
+  public static long[] copyOf(long[] src, int length) {
+    long[] result = new long [length];
+    System.arraycopy(src, 0, result, 0, Math.min(length, src.length));
+    return result;
+  }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/mahout/blob/545648f6/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/BinarySearch.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/BinarySearch.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/BinarySearch.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddb04a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/BinarySearch.java
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.mahout.math;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+public final class BinarySearch {
+
+  private BinarySearch() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a binary search for the specified element in the specified
+   * ascending sorted array. Searching in an unsorted array has an undefined
+   * result. It's also undefined which element is found if there are multiple
+   * occurrences of the same element.
+   *
+   * @param array
+   *          the sorted {@code byte} array to search.
+   * @param value
+   *          the {@code byte} element to find.
+   * @param from
+   *          the first index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @param to
+   *          the last index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @return the non-negative index of the element, or a negative index which is
+   *         {@code -index - 1} where the element would be inserted.
+   */
+  public static int binarySearchFromTo(byte[] array, byte value, int from, int to) {
+    int mid = -1;
+    while (from <= to) {
+      mid = (from + to) >>> 1;
+      if (value > array[mid]) {
+        from = mid + 1;
+      } else if (value == array[mid]) {
+        return mid;
+      } else {
+        to = mid - 1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (mid < 0) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    return -mid - (value < array[mid] ? 1 : 2);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a binary search for the specified element in the specified
+   * ascending sorted array. Searching in an unsorted array has an undefined
+   * result. It's also undefined which element is found if there are multiple
+   * occurrences of the same element.
+   *
+   * @param array
+   *          the sorted {@code char} array to search.
+   * @param value
+   *          the {@code char} element to find.
+   * @param from
+   *          the first index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @param to
+   *          the last index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @return the non-negative index of the element, or a negative index which is
+   *         {@code -index - 1} where the element would be inserted.
+   */
+  public static int binarySearchFromTo(char[] array, char value, int from, int to) {
+    int mid = -1;
+    while (from <= to) {
+      mid = (from + to) >>> 1;
+      if (value > array[mid]) {
+        from = mid + 1;
+      } else if (value == array[mid]) {
+        return mid;
+      } else {
+        to = mid - 1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (mid < 0) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    return -mid - (value < array[mid] ? 1 : 2);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a binary search for the specified element in the specified
+   * ascending sorted array. Searching in an unsorted array has an undefined
+   * result. It's also undefined which element is found if there are multiple
+   * occurrences of the same element.
+   *
+   * @param array
+   *          the sorted {@code double} array to search.
+   * @param value
+   *          the {@code double} element to find.
+   * @param from
+   *          the first index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @param to
+   *          the last index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @return the non-negative index of the element, or a negative index which is
+   *         {@code -index - 1} where the element would be inserted.
+   */
+  public static int binarySearchFromTo(double[] array, double value, int from, int to) {
+    long longBits = Double.doubleToLongBits(value);
+    int mid = -1;
+    while (from <= to) {
+      mid = (from + to) >>> 1;
+      if (lessThan(array[mid], value)) {
+        from = mid + 1;
+      } else if (longBits == Double.doubleToLongBits(array[mid])) {
+        return mid;
+      } else {
+        to = mid - 1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (mid < 0) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    return -mid - (lessThan(value, array[mid]) ? 1 : 2);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a binary search for the specified element in the specified
+   * ascending sorted array. Searching in an unsorted array has an undefined
+   * result. It's also undefined which element is found if there are multiple
+   * occurrences of the same element.
+   *
+   * @param array
+   *          the sorted {@code float} array to search.
+   * @param value
+   *          the {@code float} element to find.
+   * @param from
+   *          the first index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @param to
+   *          the last index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @return the non-negative index of the element, or a negative index which is
+   *         {@code -index - 1} where the element would be inserted.
+   */
+  public static int binarySearchFromTo(float[] array, float value, int from, int to) {
+    int intBits = Float.floatToIntBits(value);
+    int mid = -1;
+    while (from <= to) {
+      mid = (from + to) >>> 1;
+      if (lessThan(array[mid], value)) {
+        from = mid + 1;
+      } else if (intBits == Float.floatToIntBits(array[mid])) {
+        return mid;
+      } else {
+        to = mid - 1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (mid < 0) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    return -mid - (lessThan(value, array[mid]) ? 1 : 2);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a binary search for the specified element in the specified
+   * ascending sorted array. Searching in an unsorted array has an undefined
+   * result. It's also undefined which element is found if there are multiple
+   * occurrences of the same element.
+   *
+   * @param array
+   *          the sorted {@code int} array to search.
+   * @param value
+   *          the {@code int} element to find.
+   * @param from
+   *          the first index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @param to
+   *          the last index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @return the non-negative index of the element, or a negative index which is
+   *         {@code -index - 1} where the element would be inserted.
+   */
+  public static int binarySearchFromTo(int[] array, int value, int from, int to) {
+    int mid = -1;
+    while (from <= to) {
+      mid = (from + to) >>> 1;
+      if (value > array[mid]) {
+        from = mid + 1;
+      } else if (value == array[mid]) {
+        return mid;
+      } else {
+        to = mid - 1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (mid < 0) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    return -mid - (value < array[mid] ? 1 : 2);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a binary search for the specified element in the specified
+   * ascending sorted array. Searching in an unsorted array has an undefined
+   * result. It's also undefined which element is found if there are multiple
+   * occurrences of the same element.
+   *
+   * @param array
+   *          the sorted {@code long} array to search.
+   * @param value
+   *          the {@code long} element to find.
+   * @param from
+   *          the first index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @param to
+   *          the last index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @return the non-negative index of the element, or a negative index which is
+   *         {@code -index - 1} where the element would be inserted.
+   */
+  public static int binarySearchFromTo(long[] array, long value, int from, int to) {
+    int mid = -1;
+    while (from <= to) {
+      mid = (from + to) >>> 1;
+      if (value > array[mid]) {
+        from = mid + 1;
+      } else if (value == array[mid]) {
+        return mid;
+      } else {
+        to = mid - 1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (mid < 0) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    return -mid - (value < array[mid] ? 1 : 2);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a binary search for the specified element in the specified
+   * ascending sorted array. Searching in an unsorted array has an undefined
+   * result. It's also undefined which element is found if there are multiple
+   * occurrences of the same element.
+   *
+   * @param array
+   *          the sorted {@code Object} array to search.
+   * @param object
+   *          the {@code Object} element to find
+   * @param from
+   *          the first index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @param to
+   *          the last index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @return the non-negative index of the element, or a negative index which is
+   *         {@code -index - 1} where the element would be inserted.
+   *
+   */
+  public static <T extends Comparable<T>> int binarySearchFromTo(T[] array, T object, int from, int to) {
+    if (array.length == 0) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    int mid = 0;
+    int result = 0;
+    while (from <= to) {
+      mid = (from + to) >>> 1;
+      if ((result = array[mid].compareTo(object)) < 0) {
+        from = mid + 1;
+      } else if (result == 0) {
+        return mid;
+      } else {
+        to = mid - 1;
+      }
+    }
+    return -mid - (result >= 0 ? 1 : 2);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a binary search for the specified element in the specified
+   * ascending sorted array using the {@code Comparator} to compare elements.
+   * Searching in an unsorted array has an undefined result. It's also undefined
+   * which element is found if there are multiple occurrences of the same
+   * element.
+   *
+   * @param array
+   *          the sorted array to search
+   * @param object
+   *          the element to find
+   * @param from
+   *          the first index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @param to
+   *          the last index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @param comparator
+   *          the {@code Comparator} used to compare the elements.
+   * @return the non-negative index of the element, or a negative index which
+   */
+  public static <T> int binarySearchFromTo(T[] array, T object, int from, int to, Comparator<? super T> comparator) {
+    int mid = 0;
+    int result = 0;
+    while (from <= to) {
+      mid = (from + to) >>> 1;
+      if ((result = comparator.compare(array[mid], object)) < 0) {
+        from = mid + 1;
+      } else if (result == 0) {
+        return mid;
+      } else {
+        to = mid - 1;
+      }
+    }
+    return -mid - (result >= 0 ? 1 : 2);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a binary search for the specified element in the specified
+   * ascending sorted array. Searching in an unsorted array has an undefined
+   * result. It's also undefined which element is found if there are multiple
+   * occurrences of the same element.
+   *
+   * @param array
+   *          the sorted {@code short} array to search.
+   * @param value
+   *          the {@code short} element to find.
+   * @param from
+   *          the first index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @param to
+   *          the last index to sort, inclusive.
+   * @return the non-negative index of the element, or a negative index which is
+   *         {@code -index - 1} where the element would be inserted.
+   */
+  public static int binarySearchFromTo(short[] array, short value, int from, int to) {
+    int mid = -1;
+    while (from <= to) {
+      mid = (from + to) >>> 1;
+      if (value > array[mid]) {
+        from = mid + 1;
+      } else if (value == array[mid]) {
+        return mid;
+      } else {
+        to = mid - 1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (mid < 0) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    return -mid - (value < array[mid] ? 1 : 2);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean lessThan(double double1, double double2) {
+    // A slightly specialized version of
+    // Double.compare(double1, double2) < 0.
+
+    // Non-zero and non-NaN checking.
+    if (double1 < double2) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (double1 > double2) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (double1 == double2 && double1 != 0.0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // NaNs are equal to other NaNs and larger than any other double.
+    if (Double.isNaN(double1)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (Double.isNaN(double2)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Deal with +0.0 and -0.0.
+    long d1 = Double.doubleToRawLongBits(double1);
+    long d2 = Double.doubleToRawLongBits(double2);
+    return d1 < d2;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean lessThan(float float1, float float2) {
+    // A slightly specialized version of Float.compare(float1, float2) < 0.
+
+    // Non-zero and non-NaN checking.
+    if (float1 < float2) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (float1 > float2) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (float1 == float2 && float1 != 0.0f) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // NaNs are equal to other NaNs and larger than any other float
+    if (Float.isNaN(float1)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (Float.isNaN(float2)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Deal with +0.0 and -0.0
+    int f1 = Float.floatToRawIntBits(float1);
+    int f2 = Float.floatToRawIntBits(float2);
+    return f1 < f2;
+  }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/mahout/blob/545648f6/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/CardinalityException.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/CardinalityException.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/CardinalityException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04e7602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/CardinalityException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.mahout.math;
+
+/**
+ * Exception thrown when there is a cardinality mismatch in matrix or vector operations.
+ * For example, vectors of differing cardinality cannot be added.
+ */
+public class CardinalityException extends IllegalArgumentException {
+
+  public CardinalityException(int expected, int cardinality) {
+    super("Required cardinality " + expected + " but got " + cardinality);
+  }
+
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/mahout/blob/545648f6/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/Centroid.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/Centroid.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/Centroid.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dceffe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/Centroid.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.mahout.math;
+
+import org.apache.mahout.math.function.Functions;
+
+/**
+ * A centroid is a weighted vector.  We have it delegate to the vector itself for lots of operations
+ * to make it easy to use vector search classes and such.
+ */
+public class Centroid extends WeightedVector {
+  public Centroid(WeightedVector original) {
+    super(original.getVector().like().assign(original), original.getWeight(), original.getIndex());
+  }
+
+  public Centroid(int key, Vector initialValue) {
+    super(initialValue, 1, key);
+  }
+
+  public Centroid(int key, Vector initialValue, double weight) {
+    super(initialValue, weight, key);
+  }
+
+  public static Centroid create(int key, Vector initialValue) {
+    if (initialValue instanceof WeightedVector) {
+      return new Centroid(key, new DenseVector(initialValue), ((WeightedVector) initialValue).getWeight());
+    } else {
+      return new Centroid(key, new DenseVector(initialValue), 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void update(Vector v) {
+    if (v instanceof Centroid) {
+      Centroid c = (Centroid) v;
+      update(c.delegate, c.getWeight());
+    } else {
+      update(v, 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void update(Vector other, final double wy) {
+    final double wx = getWeight();
+    delegate.assign(other, Functions.reweigh(wx, wy));
+    setWeight(wx + wy);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Centroid like() {
+    return new Centroid(getIndex(), getVector().like(), getWeight());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the index of this centroid.  Use getIndex instead to maintain standard names.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public int getKey() {
+    return getIndex();
+  }
+
+  public void addWeight(double newWeight) {
+    setWeight(getWeight() + newWeight);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return String.format("key = %d, weight = %.2f, vector = %s", getIndex(), getWeight(), delegate);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntCallSuperClone")
+  @Override
+  public Centroid clone() {
+    return new Centroid(this);
+  }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/mahout/blob/545648f6/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/CholeskyDecomposition.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/CholeskyDecomposition.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/CholeskyDecomposition.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cea8e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/CholeskyDecomposition.java
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.mahout.math;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.mahout.math.function.Functions;
+
+/**
+ * Cholesky decomposition shamelessly ported from JAMA.
+ * <p>
+ * A Cholesky decomposition of a semi-positive definite matrix A is a lower triangular matrix L such
+ * that L L^* = A.  If A is full rank, L is unique.  If A is real, then it must be symmetric and R
+ * will also be real.
+ */
+public class CholeskyDecomposition {
+  private final PivotedMatrix L;
+  private boolean isPositiveDefinite = true;
+
+  public CholeskyDecomposition(Matrix a) {
+    this(a, true);
+  }
+
+  public CholeskyDecomposition(Matrix a, boolean pivot) {
+    int rows = a.rowSize();
+    L = new PivotedMatrix(new DenseMatrix(rows, rows));
+
+    // must be square
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(rows == a.columnSize(), "Must be a Square Matrix");
+
+    if (pivot) {
+      decomposeWithPivoting(a);
+    } else {
+      decompose(a);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void decomposeWithPivoting(Matrix a) {
+    int n = a.rowSize();
+    L.assign(a);
+
+    // pivoted column-wise submatrix cholesky with simple pivoting
+    double uberMax = L.viewDiagonal().aggregate(Functions.MAX, Functions.ABS);
+    for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+      double max = 0;
+      int pivot = k;
+      for (int j = k; j < n; j++) {
+        if (L.get(j, j) > max) {
+          max = L.get(j, j);
+          pivot = j;
+          if (uberMax < Math.abs(max)) {
+            uberMax = Math.abs(max);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      L.swap(k, pivot);
+
+      double akk = L.get(k, k);
+      double epsilon = 1.0e-10 * Math.max(uberMax, L.viewColumn(k).aggregate(Functions.MAX, Functions.ABS));
+
+      if (akk < -epsilon) {
+        // can't have decidedly negative element on diagonal
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Matrix is not positive semi-definite");
+      } else if (akk <= epsilon) {
+        // degenerate column case.  Set all to zero
+        L.viewColumn(k).assign(0);
+        isPositiveDefinite = false;
+
+        // no need to subtract from remaining sub-matrix
+      } else {
+        // normalize column by diagonal element
+        akk = Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, akk));
+        L.viewColumn(k).viewPart(k, n - k).assign(Functions.div(akk));
+        L.viewColumn(k).viewPart(0, k).assign(0);
+
+        // subtract off scaled version of this column to the right
+        for (int j = k + 1; j < n; j++) {
+          Vector columnJ = L.viewColumn(j).viewPart(k, n - k);
+          Vector columnK = L.viewColumn(k).viewPart(k, n - k);
+          columnJ.assign(columnK, Functions.minusMult(columnK.get(j - k)));
+        }
+
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void decompose(Matrix a) {
+    int n = a.rowSize();
+    L.assign(a);
+
+    // column-wise submatrix cholesky with simple pivoting
+    for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+
+      double akk = L.get(k, k);
+
+      // set upper part of column to 0.
+      L.viewColumn(k).viewPart(0, k).assign(0);
+
+      double epsilon = 1.0e-10 * L.viewColumn(k).aggregate(Functions.MAX, Functions.ABS);
+      if (akk <= epsilon) {
+        // degenerate column case.  Set diagonal to 1, all others to zero
+        L.viewColumn(k).viewPart(k, n - k).assign(0);
+
+        isPositiveDefinite = false;
+
+        // no need to subtract from remaining sub-matrix
+      } else {
+        // normalize column by diagonal element
+        akk = Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, akk));
+        L.set(k, k, akk);
+        L.viewColumn(k).viewPart(k + 1, n - k - 1).assign(Functions.div(akk));
+
+        // now subtract scaled version of column
+        for (int j = k + 1; j < n; j++) {
+          Vector columnJ = L.viewColumn(j).viewPart(j, n - j);
+          Vector columnK = L.viewColumn(k).viewPart(j, n - j);
+          columnJ.assign(columnK, Functions.minusMult(L.get(j, k)));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public boolean isPositiveDefinite() {
+    return isPositiveDefinite;
+  }
+
+  public Matrix getL() {
+    return L.getBase();
+  }
+
+  public PivotedMatrix getPermutedL() {
+    return L;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return Returns the permutation of rows and columns that was applied to L
+   */
+  public int[] getPivot() {
+    return L.getRowPivot();
+  }
+
+  public int[] getInversePivot() {
+    return L.getInverseRowPivot();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute inv(L) * z efficiently.
+   *
+   * @param z
+   */
+  public Matrix solveLeft(Matrix z) {
+    int n = L.columnSize();
+    int nx = z.columnSize();
+
+    Matrix X = new DenseMatrix(n, z.columnSize());
+    X.assign(z);
+
+    // Solve L*Y = Z using back-substitution
+    // note that k and i have to go in a funny order because L is pivoted
+    for (int internalK = 0; internalK < n; internalK++) {
+      int k = L.rowUnpivot(internalK);
+      for (int j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+        for (int internalI = 0; internalI < internalK; internalI++) {
+          int i = L.rowUnpivot(internalI);
+          X.set(k, j, X.get(k, j) - X.get(i, j) * L.get(k, i));
+        }
+        if (L.get(k, k) != 0) {
+          X.set(k, j, X.get(k, j) / L.get(k, k));
+        } else {
+          X.set(k, j, 0);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return X;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute z * inv(L') efficiently
+   */
+  public Matrix solveRight(Matrix z) {
+    int n = z.columnSize();
+    int nx = z.rowSize();
+
+    Matrix x = new DenseMatrix(z.rowSize(), z.columnSize());
+    x.assign(z);
+
+    // Solve Y*L' = Z using back-substitution
+    for (int internalK = 0; internalK < n; internalK++) {
+      int k = L.rowUnpivot(internalK);
+      for (int j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+        for (int internalI = 0; internalI < k; internalI++) {
+          int i = L.rowUnpivot(internalI);
+          x.set(j, k, x.get(j, k) - x.get(j, i) * L.get(k, i));
+          if (Double.isInfinite(x.get(j, k)) || Double.isNaN(x.get(j, k))) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                String.format("Invalid value found at %d,%d (should not be possible)", j, k));
+          }
+        }
+        if (L.get(k, k) != 0) {
+          x.set(j, k, x.get(j, k) / L.get(k, k));
+        } else {
+          x.set(j, k, 0);
+        }
+        if (Double.isInfinite(x.get(j, k)) || Double.isNaN(x.get(j, k))) {
+          throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Invalid value found at %d,%d (should not be possible)", j, k));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return x;
+  }
+
+}
+

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/mahout/blob/545648f6/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/ConstantVector.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/ConstantVector.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/ConstantVector.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f10f631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/ConstantVector.java
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.mahout.math;
+
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.AbstractIterator;
+
+/**
+ * Implements a vector with all the same values.
+ */
+public class ConstantVector extends AbstractVector {
+  private final double value;
+
+  public ConstantVector(double value, int size) {
+    super(size);
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Subclasses must override to return an appropriately sparse or dense result
+   *
+   * @param rows    the row cardinality
+   * @param columns the column cardinality
+   * @return a Matrix
+   */
+  @Override
+  protected Matrix matrixLike(int rows, int columns) {
+    return new DenseMatrix(rows, columns);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used internally by assign() to update multiple indices and values at once.
+   * Only really useful for sparse vectors (especially SequentialAccessSparseVector).
+   * <p>
+   * If someone ever adds a new type of sparse vectors, this method must merge (index, value) pairs into the vector.
+   *
+   * @param updates a mapping of indices to values to merge in the vector.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void mergeUpdates(OrderedIntDoubleMapping updates) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot mutate a ConstantVector");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return true iff this implementation should be considered dense -- that it explicitly represents
+   *         every value
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean isDense() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return true iff this implementation should be considered to be iterable in index order in an
+   *         efficient way. In particular this implies that {@link #iterator()} and {@link
+   *         #iterateNonZero()} return elements in ascending order by index.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSequentialAccess() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Iterates over all elements <p>
+   * NOTE: Implementations may choose to reuse the Element returned
+   * for performance reasons, so if you need a copy of it, you should call {@link #getElement(int)}
+   * for the given index
+   *
+   * @return An {@link java.util.Iterator} over all elements
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Iterator<Element> iterator() {
+    return new AbstractIterator<Element>() {
+      private int i = 0;
+      private final int n = size();
+      @Override
+      protected Element computeNext() {
+        if (i < n) {
+          return new LocalElement(i++);
+        } else {
+          return endOfData();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Iterates over all non-zero elements.<p>
+   * NOTE: Implementations may choose to reuse the Element
+   * returned for performance reasons, so if you need a copy of it, you should call {@link
+   * #getElement(int)} for the given index
+   *
+   * @return An {@link java.util.Iterator} over all non-zero elements
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Iterator<Element> iterateNonZero() {
+    return iterator();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the value at the given index, without checking bounds
+   *
+   * @param index an int index
+   * @return the double at the index
+   */
+  @Override
+  public double getQuick(int index) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return an empty vector of the same underlying class as the receiver
+   *
+   * @return a Vector
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Vector like() {
+    return new DenseVector(size());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector like(int cardinality) {
+    return new DenseVector(cardinality);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value at the given index, without checking bounds
+   *
+   * @param index an int index into the receiver
+   * @param value a double value to set
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void setQuick(int index, double value) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Can't set a value in a constant matrix");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the number of values in the recipient
+   *
+   * @return an int
+   */
+  @Override
+  public int getNumNondefaultElements() {
+    return size();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getLookupCost() {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getIteratorAdvanceCost() {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isAddConstantTime() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot mutate a ConstantVector");
+  }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/mahout/blob/545648f6/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DelegatingVector.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DelegatingVector.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DelegatingVector.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b2e36b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DelegatingVector.java
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.mahout.math;
+
+import org.apache.mahout.math.function.DoubleDoubleFunction;
+import org.apache.mahout.math.function.DoubleFunction;
+
+/**
+ * A delegating vector provides an easy way to decorate vectors with weights or id's and such while
+ * keeping all of the Vector functionality.
+ *
+ * This vector implements LengthCachingVector because almost all delegates cache the length and
+ * the cost of false positives is very low.
+ */
+public class DelegatingVector implements Vector, LengthCachingVector {
+  protected Vector delegate;
+
+  public DelegatingVector(Vector v) {
+    delegate = v;
+  }
+
+  protected DelegatingVector() {
+  }
+
+  public Vector getVector() {
+    return delegate;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double aggregate(DoubleDoubleFunction aggregator, DoubleFunction map) {
+    return delegate.aggregate(aggregator, map);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double aggregate(Vector other, DoubleDoubleFunction aggregator, DoubleDoubleFunction combiner) {
+    return delegate.aggregate(other, aggregator, combiner);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector viewPart(int offset, int length) {
+    return delegate.viewPart(offset, length);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntDeclareCloneNotSupportedException")
+  @Override
+  public Vector clone() {
+    DelegatingVector r;
+    try {
+      r = (DelegatingVector) super.clone();
+    } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Clone not supported for DelegatingVector, shouldn't be possible");
+    }
+    // delegate points to original without this
+    r.delegate = delegate.clone();
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Iterable<Element> all() {
+    return delegate.all();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Iterable<Element> nonZeroes() {
+    return delegate.nonZeroes();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector divide(double x) {
+    return delegate.divide(x);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double dot(Vector x) {
+    return delegate.dot(x);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double get(int index) {
+    return delegate.get(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Element getElement(int index) {
+    return delegate.getElement(index);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merge a set of (index, value) pairs into the vector.
+   *
+   * @param updates an ordered mapping of indices to values to be merged in.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void mergeUpdates(OrderedIntDoubleMapping updates) {
+    delegate.mergeUpdates(updates);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector minus(Vector that) {
+    return delegate.minus(that);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector normalize() {
+    return delegate.normalize();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector normalize(double power) {
+    return delegate.normalize(power);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector logNormalize() {
+    return delegate.logNormalize();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector logNormalize(double power) {
+    return delegate.logNormalize(power);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double norm(double power) {
+    return delegate.norm(power);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getLengthSquared() {
+    return delegate.getLengthSquared();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void invalidateCachedLength() {
+    if (delegate instanceof LengthCachingVector) {
+      ((LengthCachingVector) delegate).invalidateCachedLength();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getDistanceSquared(Vector v) {
+    return delegate.getDistanceSquared(v);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getLookupCost() {
+    return delegate.getLookupCost();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getIteratorAdvanceCost() {
+    return delegate.getIteratorAdvanceCost();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isAddConstantTime() {
+    return delegate.isAddConstantTime();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double maxValue() {
+    return delegate.maxValue();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int maxValueIndex() {
+    return delegate.maxValueIndex();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double minValue() {
+    return delegate.minValue();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int minValueIndex() {
+    return delegate.minValueIndex();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector plus(double x) {
+    return delegate.plus(x);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector plus(Vector x) {
+    return delegate.plus(x);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void set(int index, double value) {
+    delegate.set(index, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector times(double x) {
+    return delegate.times(x);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector times(Vector x) {
+    return delegate.times(x);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double zSum() {
+    return delegate.zSum();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector assign(double value) {
+    delegate.assign(value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector assign(double[] values) {
+    delegate.assign(values);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector assign(Vector other) {
+    delegate.assign(other);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector assign(DoubleDoubleFunction f, double y) {
+    delegate.assign(f, y);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector assign(DoubleFunction function) {
+    delegate.assign(function);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector assign(Vector other, DoubleDoubleFunction function) {
+    delegate.assign(other, function);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Matrix cross(Vector other) {
+    return delegate.cross(other);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return delegate.size();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String asFormatString() {
+    return delegate.asFormatString();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return delegate.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("EqualsWhichDoesntCheckParameterClass")
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    return delegate.equals(o);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return delegate.toString();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isDense() {
+    return delegate.isDense();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSequentialAccess() {
+    return delegate.isSequentialAccess();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getQuick(int index) {
+    return delegate.getQuick(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector like() {
+    return new DelegatingVector(delegate.like());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector like(int cardinality) {
+    return new DelegatingVector(delegate.like(cardinality));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setQuick(int index, double value) {
+    delegate.setQuick(index, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void incrementQuick(int index, double increment) {
+    delegate.incrementQuick(index, increment);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getNumNondefaultElements() {
+    return delegate.getNumNondefaultElements();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getNumNonZeroElements() {
+    return delegate.getNumNonZeroElements();
+  }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/mahout/blob/545648f6/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseMatrix.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseMatrix.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseMatrix.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eac449a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseMatrix.java
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.mahout.math;
+
+import org.apache.mahout.math.flavor.MatrixFlavor;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/** Matrix of doubles implemented using a 2-d array */
+public class DenseMatrix extends AbstractMatrix {
+
+  private double[][] values;
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a matrix from the given values
+   * 
+   * @param values
+   *          a double[][]
+   */
+  public DenseMatrix(double[][] values) {
+    this(values, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a matrix from the given values
+   *
+   * @param values
+   *          a double[][]
+   * @param shallowCopy directly use the supplied array?
+   */
+  public DenseMatrix(double[][] values, boolean shallowCopy) {
+    super(values.length, values[0].length);
+    if (shallowCopy) {
+      this.values = values;
+    } else {
+      this.values = new double[values.length][];
+      for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+        this.values[i] = values[i].clone();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs an empty matrix of the given size.
+   * @param rows  The number of rows in the result.
+   * @param columns The number of columns in the result.
+   */
+  public DenseMatrix(int rows, int columns) {
+    super(rows, columns);
+    this.values = new double[rows][columns];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the backing array
+   * @return double[][]
+   */
+  public double[][] getBackingStructure() {
+    return this.values;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Matrix clone() {
+    DenseMatrix clone = (DenseMatrix) super.clone();
+    clone.values = new double[values.length][];
+    for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+      clone.values[i] = values[i].clone();
+    }
+    return clone;
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public double getQuick(int row, int column) {
+    return values[row][column];
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public Matrix like() {
+    return like(rowSize(), columnSize());
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public Matrix like(int rows, int columns) {
+    return new DenseMatrix(rows, columns);
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public void setQuick(int row, int column, double value) {
+    values[row][column] = value;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Matrix viewPart(int[] offset, int[] size) {
+    int rowOffset = offset[ROW];
+    int rowsRequested = size[ROW];
+    int columnOffset = offset[COL];
+    int columnsRequested = size[COL];
+
+    return viewPart(rowOffset, rowsRequested, columnOffset, columnsRequested);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Matrix viewPart(int rowOffset, int rowsRequested, int columnOffset, int columnsRequested) {
+    if (rowOffset < 0) {
+      throw new IndexException(rowOffset, rowSize());
+    }
+    if (rowOffset + rowsRequested > rowSize()) {
+      throw new IndexException(rowOffset + rowsRequested, rowSize());
+    }
+    if (columnOffset < 0) {
+      throw new IndexException(columnOffset, columnSize());
+    }
+    if (columnOffset + columnsRequested > columnSize()) {
+      throw new IndexException(columnOffset + columnsRequested, columnSize());
+    }
+    return new MatrixView(this, new int[]{rowOffset, columnOffset}, new int[]{rowsRequested, columnsRequested});
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Matrix assign(double value) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < rowSize(); row++) {
+      Arrays.fill(values[row], value);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  
+  public Matrix assign(DenseMatrix matrix) {
+    // make sure the data field has the correct length
+    if (matrix.values[0].length != this.values[0].length || matrix.values.length != this.values.length) {
+      this.values = new double[matrix.values.length][matrix.values[0].length];
+    }
+    // now copy the values
+    for (int i = 0; i < this.values.length; i++) {
+      System.arraycopy(matrix.values[i], 0, this.values[i], 0, this.values[0].length);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public Matrix assignColumn(int column, Vector other) {
+    if (rowSize() != other.size()) {
+      throw new CardinalityException(rowSize(), other.size());
+    }
+    if (column < 0 || column >= columnSize()) {
+      throw new IndexException(column, columnSize());
+    }
+    for (int row = 0; row < rowSize(); row++) {
+      values[row][column] = other.getQuick(row);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public Matrix assignRow(int row, Vector other) {
+    if (columnSize() != other.size()) {
+      throw new CardinalityException(columnSize(), other.size());
+    }
+    if (row < 0 || row >= rowSize()) {
+      throw new IndexException(row, rowSize());
+    }
+    for (int col = 0; col < columnSize(); col++) {
+      values[row][col] = other.getQuick(col);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public Vector viewRow(int row) {
+    if (row < 0 || row >= rowSize()) {
+      throw new IndexException(row, rowSize());
+    }
+    return new DenseVector(values[row], true);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MatrixFlavor getFlavor() {
+    return MatrixFlavor.DENSELIKE;
+  }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/mahout/blob/545648f6/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseSymmetricMatrix.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseSymmetricMatrix.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseSymmetricMatrix.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7252b9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseSymmetricMatrix.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.mahout.math;
+
+import org.apache.mahout.math.flavor.TraversingStructureEnum;
+
+/**
+ * Economy packaging for a dense symmetric in-core matrix.
+ */
+public class DenseSymmetricMatrix extends UpperTriangular {
+  public DenseSymmetricMatrix(int n) {
+    super(n);
+  }
+
+  public DenseSymmetricMatrix(double[] data, boolean shallow) {
+    super(data, shallow);
+  }
+
+  public DenseSymmetricMatrix(Vector data) {
+    super(data);
+  }
+
+  public DenseSymmetricMatrix(UpperTriangular mx) {
+    super(mx);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getQuick(int row, int column) {
+    if (column < row) {
+      int swap = row;
+      row = column;
+      column = swap;
+    }
+    return super.getQuick(row, column);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setQuick(int row, int column, double value) {
+    if (column < row) {
+      int swap = row;
+      row = column;
+      column = swap;
+    }
+    super.setQuick(row, column, value);
+  }
+
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/mahout/blob/545648f6/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseVector.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseVector.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseVector.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3961966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/mahout/math/DenseVector.java
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.mahout.math;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/** Implements vector as an array of doubles */
+public class DenseVector extends AbstractVector {
+
+  private double[] values;
+
+  /** For serialization purposes only */
+  public DenseVector() {
+    super(0);
+  }
+
+  /** Construct a new instance using provided values
+   *  @param values - array of values
+   */
+  public DenseVector(double[] values) {
+    this(values, false);
+  }
+
+  public DenseVector(double[] values, boolean shallowCopy) {
+    super(values.length);
+    this.values = shallowCopy ? values : values.clone();
+  }
+
+  public DenseVector(DenseVector values, boolean shallowCopy) {
+    this(values.values, shallowCopy);
+  }
+
+  /** Construct a new instance of the given cardinality
+   * @param cardinality - number of values in the vector
+   */
+  public DenseVector(int cardinality) {
+    super(cardinality);
+    this.values = new double[cardinality];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Copy-constructor (for use in turning a sparse vector into a dense one, for example)
+   * @param vector The vector to copy
+   */
+  public DenseVector(Vector vector) {
+    super(vector.size());
+    values = new double[vector.size()];
+    for (Element e : vector.nonZeroes()) {
+      values[e.index()] = e.get();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double dot(Vector x) {
+    if (!x.isDense()) {
+      return super.dot(x);
+    } else {
+
+      int size = x.size();
+      if (values.length != size) {
+        throw new CardinalityException(values.length, size);
+      }
+
+      double sum = 0;
+      for (int n = 0; n < size; n++) {
+        sum += values[n] * x.getQuick(n);
+      }
+      return sum;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected Matrix matrixLike(int rows, int columns) {
+    return new DenseMatrix(rows, columns);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntCallSuperClone")
+  @Override
+  public DenseVector clone() {
+    return new DenseVector(values.clone());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return true
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean isDense() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return true
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSequentialAccess() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected double dotSelf() {
+    double result = 0.0;
+    int max = size();
+    for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
+      result += values[i] * values[i];
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getQuick(int index) {
+    return values[index];
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public DenseVector like() {
+    return new DenseVector(size());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector like(int cardinality) {
+    return new DenseVector(cardinality);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setQuick(int index, double value) {
+    invalidateCachedLength();
+    values[index] = value;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void incrementQuick(int index, double increment) {
+    invalidateCachedLength();
+    values[index] += increment;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector assign(double value) {
+    invalidateCachedLength();
+    Arrays.fill(values, value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getNumNondefaultElements() {
+    return values.length;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getNumNonZeroElements() {
+    int numNonZeros = 0;
+    for (int index = 0; index < values.length; index++) {
+      if (values[index] != 0) {
+        numNonZeros++;
+      }
+    }
+    return numNonZeros;
+  }
+
+  public Vector assign(DenseVector vector) {
+    // make sure the data field has the correct length
+    if (vector.values.length != this.values.length) {
+      this.values = new double[vector.values.length];
+    }
+    // now copy the values
+    System.arraycopy(vector.values, 0, this.values, 0, this.values.length);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void mergeUpdates(OrderedIntDoubleMapping updates) {
+    int numUpdates = updates.getNumMappings();
+    int[] indices = updates.getIndices();
+    double[] values = updates.getValues();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numUpdates; ++i) {
+      this.values[indices[i]] = values[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Vector viewPart(int offset, int length) {
+    if (offset < 0) {
+      throw new IndexException(offset, size());
+    }
+    if (offset + length > size()) {
+      throw new IndexException(offset + length, size());
+    }
+    return new DenseVectorView(this, offset, length);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getLookupCost() {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getIteratorAdvanceCost() {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isAddConstantTime() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an iterator that traverses this Vector from 0 to cardinality-1, in that order.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Iterator<Element> iterateNonZero() {
+    return new NonDefaultIterator();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Iterator<Element> iterator() {
+    return new AllIterator();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (o instanceof DenseVector) {
+      // Speedup for DenseVectors
+      return Arrays.equals(values, ((DenseVector) o).values);
+    }
+    return super.equals(o);
+  }
+
+  public void addAll(Vector v) {
+    if (size() != v.size()) {
+      throw new CardinalityException(size(), v.size());
+    }
+
+    for (Element element : v.nonZeroes()) {
+      values[element.index()] += element.get();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final class NonDefaultIterator implements Iterator<Element> {
+    private final DenseElement element = new DenseElement();
+    private int index = -1;
+    private int lookAheadIndex = -1;
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasNext() {
+      if (lookAheadIndex == index) {  // User calls hasNext() after a next()
+        lookAhead();
+      } // else user called hasNext() repeatedly.
+      return lookAheadIndex < size();
+    }
+
+    private void lookAhead() {
+      lookAheadIndex++;
+      while (lookAheadIndex < size() && values[lookAheadIndex] == 0.0) {
+        lookAheadIndex++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Element next() {
+      if (lookAheadIndex == index) { // If user called next() without checking hasNext().
+        lookAhead();
+      }
+
+      Preconditions.checkState(lookAheadIndex > index);
+      index = lookAheadIndex;
+
+      if (index >= size()) { // If the end is reached.
+        throw new NoSuchElementException();
+      }
+
+      element.index = index;
+      return element;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void remove() {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final class AllIterator implements Iterator<Element> {
+    private final DenseElement element = new DenseElement();
+
+    private AllIterator() {
+      element.index = -1;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasNext() {
+      return element.index + 1 < size();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Element next() {
+      if (element.index + 1 >= size()) { // If the end is reached.
+        throw new NoSuchElementException();
+      }
+      element.index++;
+      return element;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void remove() {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final class DenseElement implements Element {
+    int index;
+
+    @Override
+    public double get() {
+      return values[index];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int index() {
+      return index;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void set(double value) {
+      invalidateCachedLength();
+      values[index] = value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final class DenseVectorView extends VectorView {
+
+    public DenseVectorView(Vector vector, int offset, int cardinality) {
+      super(vector, offset, cardinality);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double dot(Vector x) {
+
+      // Apply custom dot kernels for pairs of dense vectors or their views to reduce
+      // view indirection.
+      if (x instanceof DenseVectorView) {
+
+        if (size() != x.size())
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cardinality mismatch during dot(x,y).");
+
+        DenseVectorView xv = (DenseVectorView) x;
+        double[] thisValues = ((DenseVector) vector).values;
+        double[] thatValues = ((DenseVector) xv.vector).values;
+        int untilOffset = offset + size();
+
+        int i, j;
+        double sum = 0.0;
+
+        // Provoking SSE
+        int until4 = offset + (size() & ~3);
+        for (
+          i = offset, j = xv.offset;
+          i < until4;
+          i += 4, j += 4
+          ) {
+          sum += thisValues[i] * thatValues[j] +
+            thisValues[i + 1] * thatValues[j + 1] +
+            thisValues[i + 2] * thatValues[j + 2] +
+            thisValues[i + 3] * thatValues[j + 3];
+        }
+
+        // Picking up the slack
+        for (
+          i = offset, j = xv.offset;
+          i < untilOffset;
+          ) {
+          sum += thisValues[i++] * thatValues[j++];
+        }
+        return sum;
+
+      } else if (x instanceof DenseVector ) {
+
+        if (size() != x.size())
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cardinality mismatch during dot(x,y).");
+
+        DenseVector xv = (DenseVector) x;
+        double[] thisValues = ((DenseVector) vector).values;
+        double[] thatValues = xv.values;
+        int untilOffset = offset + size();
+
+        int i, j;
+        double sum = 0.0;
+
+        // Provoking SSE
+        int until4 = offset + (size() & ~3);
+        for (
+          i = offset, j = 0;
+          i < until4;
+          i += 4, j += 4
+          ) {
+          sum += thisValues[i] * thatValues[j] +
+            thisValues[i + 1] * thatValues[j + 1] +
+            thisValues[i + 2] * thatValues[j + 2] +
+            thisValues[i + 3] * thatValues[j + 3];
+        }
+
+        // Picking up slack
+        for ( ;
+          i < untilOffset;
+          ) {
+          sum += thisValues[i++] * thatValues[j++];
+        }
+        return sum;
+
+      } else {
+        return super.dot(x);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Vector viewPart(int offset, int length) {
+      if (offset < 0) {
+        throw new IndexException(offset, size());
+      }
+      if (offset + length > size()) {
+        throw new IndexException(offset + length, size());
+      }
+      return new DenseVectorView(vector, offset + this.offset, length);
+    }
+  }
+}