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Posted to issues@paimon.apache.org by "baiyangtx (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org> on 2026/08/11 12:23:24 UTC

[PR] refactor(core): make SchemaManager an interface [paimon]

baiyangtx opened a new pull request, #9174:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/pull/9174

   Move the existing file-system implementation to FileSystemSchemaManager and update construction sites to use it. Keep consumers typed against SchemaManager and preserve its static utility API.
   
   ### Purpose
   
   ### Tests
   


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Re: [PR] refactor(core): make SchemaManager an interface [paimon]

Posted by "baiyangtx (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>.
baiyangtx commented on PR #9174:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/pull/9174#issuecomment-5356064106

   @JingsongLi  Thanks for raising this concern.
   
   Our concrete use case is that some tables need to access schemas from a remote service through REST APIs. We implemented an `HTTPSchemaManager` internally so that related tables can reuse remotely managed schemas.
   
   `Catalog` and `RESTCatalog` already support pluggable snapshot and branch management, but there is no equivalent extension point for schema management. Making `SchemaManager` an interface enables this capability while retaining `FileSystemSchemaManager` as the default implementation.
   
   I plan to add schema-related REST APIs to `RESTCatalog` in a separate PR to keep this change focused and reduce the review scope.
   
   


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Re: [PR] refactor(core): make SchemaManager an interface [paimon]

Posted by "JingsongLi (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>.
JingsongLi commented on PR #9174:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/pull/9174#issuecomment-5524471078

   +1


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Re: [PR] refactor(core): make SchemaManager an interface [paimon]

Posted by "JingsongLi (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>.
JingsongLi merged PR #9174:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/pull/9174


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Re: [PR] refactor(core): make SchemaManager an interface [paimon]

Posted by "JingsongLi (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>.
JingsongLi commented on PR #9174:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/pull/9174#issuecomment-5466121745

   Please rebase master.


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Re: [PR] refactor(core): make SchemaManager an interface [paimon]

Posted by "JingsongLi (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>.
JingsongLi commented on code in PR #9174:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/pull/9174#discussion_r3850458700


##########
paimon-core/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/schema/FileSystemSchemaManager.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,1554 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.paimon.schema;
+
+import org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions;
+import org.apache.paimon.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.paimon.casting.CastExecutors;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.Catalog;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.Identifier;
+import org.apache.paimon.fs.FileIO;
+import org.apache.paimon.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.paimon.iceberg.IcebergOptions;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.ColumnDirectiveUtils.ConvertedColumn;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.AddColumn;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.DropColumn;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.RemoveOption;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.RenameColumn;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.SetOption;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateColumnComment;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateColumnDefaultValue;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateColumnNullability;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateColumnPosition;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateColumnType;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateComment;
+import org.apache.paimon.table.FileStoreTableFactory;
+import org.apache.paimon.table.SchemaModification;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.ArrayType;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.DataField;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.DataType;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.DataTypeCasts;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.MapType;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.ReassignFieldId;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.RowType;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.BranchManager;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.ChangelogManager;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.LazyField;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.SnapshotManager;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.TagManager;
+
+import org.apache.paimon.shade.guava30.com.google.common.collect.FluentIterable;
+import org.apache.paimon.shade.guava30.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.apache.paimon.shade.guava30.com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
+import org.apache.paimon.shade.guava30.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.paimon.shade.guava30.com.google.common.collect.Streams;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.AGG_FUNCTION;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.BUCKET_KEY;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.CLUSTERING_COLUMNS;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.DELETION_VECTORS_ENABLED;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.DELETION_VECTORS_MODIFIABLE;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.DISTINCT;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.FIELDS_PREFIX;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.IGNORE_DELETE;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.IGNORE_RETRACT;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.IGNORE_UPDATE_BEFORE;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.LIST_AGG_DELIMITER;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.MAP_SHARED_SHREDDING_COLUMN_PLACEMENT_POLICY;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.MAP_SHARED_SHREDDING_MAX_COLUMNS;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.MAP_STORAGE_LAYOUT;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.NESTED_KEY;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.PK_CLUSTERING_OVERRIDE;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.SEQUENCE_FIELD;
+import static org.apache.paimon.catalog.AbstractCatalog.DB_SUFFIX;
+import static org.apache.paimon.catalog.Identifier.DEFAULT_MAIN_BRANCH;
+import static org.apache.paimon.catalog.Identifier.UNKNOWN_DATABASE;
+import static org.apache.paimon.mergetree.compact.PartialUpdateMergeFunction.SEQUENCE_GROUP;
+import static org.apache.paimon.schema.ColumnDirectiveUtils.applyAddColumnDirective;
+import static org.apache.paimon.schema.ColumnDirectiveUtils.applyDirectives;
+import static org.apache.paimon.schema.ColumnDirectiveUtils.parseAddColumnComment;
+import static org.apache.paimon.types.BlobType.isBlobFileField;
+import static org.apache.paimon.utils.DefaultValueUtils.validateDefaultValue;
+import static org.apache.paimon.utils.FileUtils.listVersionedFiles;
+import static org.apache.paimon.utils.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+import static org.apache.paimon.utils.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/** File system implementation of {@link SchemaManager}. */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class FileSystemSchemaManager implements SchemaManager {
+
+    public static final String SCHEMA_PREFIX = "schema-";
+
+    private final FileIO fileIO;
+    private final Path tableRoot;
+
+    private final String branch;
+
+    public FileSystemSchemaManager(FileIO fileIO, Path tableRoot) {
+        this(fileIO, tableRoot, DEFAULT_MAIN_BRANCH);
+    }
+
+    /** Specify the default branch for data writing. */
+    public FileSystemSchemaManager(FileIO fileIO, Path tableRoot, String branch) {
+        this.fileIO = fileIO;
+        this.tableRoot = tableRoot;
+        this.branch = BranchManager.normalizeBranch(branch);
+    }
+
+    public FileSystemSchemaManager copyWithBranch(String branchName) {
+        return new FileSystemSchemaManager(fileIO, tableRoot, branchName);
+    }
+
+    public Optional<TableSchema> latest() {
+        try {
+            return listVersionedFiles(fileIO, schemaDirectory(), SCHEMA_PREFIX)
+                    .reduce(Math::max)
+                    .map(this::schema);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public TableSchema latestOrThrow(String message) {
+        return latest().orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException(message));
+    }
+
+    public long earliestCreationTime() {
+        try {
+            long earliest = 0;
+            if (!schemaExists(0)) {
+                Optional<Long> min =
+                        listVersionedFiles(fileIO, schemaDirectory(), SCHEMA_PREFIX)
+                                .reduce(Math::min);
+                checkArgument(min.isPresent());
+                earliest = min.get();
+            }
+
+            Path schemaPath = toSchemaPath(earliest);
+            return fileIO.getFileStatus(schemaPath).getModificationTime();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public List<TableSchema> listAll() {
+        return listAllIds().stream().map(this::schema).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    /** List all schema IDs. */
+    public List<Long> listAllIds() {
+        try {
+            return listVersionedFiles(fileIO, schemaDirectory(), SCHEMA_PREFIX)
+                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public TableSchema createTable(Schema schema) throws Exception {
+        return createTable(schema, false);
+    }
+
+    public TableSchema createTable(Schema schema, boolean externalTable) throws Exception {
+        while (true) {
+            Optional<TableSchema> latest = latest();
+            if (latest.isPresent()) {
+                TableSchema latestSchema = latest.get();
+                if (externalTable) {
+                    checkSchemaForExternalTable(latestSchema.toSchema(), schema);
+                    return latestSchema;
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                            "Schema in filesystem exists, creation is not allowed.");
+                }
+            }
+
+            schema = applyDirectives(schema);
+            TableSchema newSchema = TableSchema.create(0, schema);
+
+            // validate table from creating table
+            FileStoreTableFactory.create(fileIO, tableRoot, newSchema).store();
+
+            boolean success = commit(newSchema);
+            if (success) {
+                return newSchema;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkSchemaForExternalTable(Schema existsSchema, Schema newSchema) {
+        // When creating an external table, if the table already exists in the location, we can
+        // choose not to specify the fields.
+        if ((newSchema.fields().isEmpty()
+                        || newSchema.rowType().equalsIgnoreFieldId(existsSchema.rowType()))
+                && (newSchema.partitionKeys().isEmpty()
+                        || Objects.equals(newSchema.partitionKeys(), existsSchema.partitionKeys()))
+                && (newSchema.primaryKeys().isEmpty()
+                        || Objects.equals(newSchema.primaryKeys(), existsSchema.primaryKeys()))) {
+            // check for options
+            Map<String, String> existsOptions = existsSchema.options();
+            Map<String, String> newOptions = newSchema.options();
+            newOptions.forEach(
+                    (key, value) -> {
+                        // ignore `owner` and `path`
+                        if (!key.equals(Catalog.OWNER_PROP)
+                                && !key.equals(CoreOptions.PATH.key())
+                                && (!existsOptions.containsKey(key)
+                                        || !existsOptions.get(key).equals(value))) {
+                            throw new RuntimeException(
+                                    "New schema's options are not equal to the exists schema's, new schema: "
+                                            + newOptions
+                                            + ", exists schema: "
+                                            + existsOptions);
+                        }
+                    });
+        } else {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                    "New schema is not equal to exists schema, new schema: "
+                            + newSchema
+                            + ", exists schema: "
+                            + existsSchema);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Update {@link SchemaChange}s. */
+    public TableSchema commitChanges(SchemaChange... changes) throws Exception {
+        return commitChanges(Arrays.asList(changes));
+    }
+
+    /** Update {@link SchemaChange}s. */
+    public TableSchema commitChanges(List<SchemaChange> changes)
+            throws Catalog.TableNotExistException, Catalog.ColumnAlreadyExistException,
+                    Catalog.ColumnNotExistException {
+        SnapshotManager snapshotManager =
+                new SnapshotManager(fileIO, tableRoot, branch, null, null);
+        LazyField<Boolean> hasSnapshots =
+                new LazyField<>(() -> snapshotManager.latestSnapshot() != null);
+
+        while (true) {
+            TableSchema oldTableSchema =
+                    latest().orElseThrow(
+                                    () ->
+                                            new Catalog.TableNotExistException(
+                                                    identifierFromPath(
+                                                            tableRoot.toString(), true, branch)));
+            LazyField<Identifier> lazyIdentifier =
+                    new LazyField<>(() -> identifierFromPath(tableRoot.toString(), true, branch));
+            TableSchema newTableSchema =
+                    generateTableSchema(oldTableSchema, changes, hasSnapshots, lazyIdentifier);
+            try {
+                boolean success = commit(newTableSchema);
+                if (success) {
+                    return newTableSchema;
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static TableSchema generateTableSchema(

Review Comment:
   This long list doesn't seem related to the FileSystem, does it? It feels like it could be moved into the SchemaManager.



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Re: [PR] refactor(core): make SchemaManager an interface [paimon]

Posted by "JingsongLi (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>.
JingsongLi commented on PR #9174:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/pull/9174#issuecomment-5350584744

   Are there any major benefits? Since this change would affect numerous upstream and downstream API implementations—entailing a significant cost—it wasn't made previously.


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Re: [PR] refactor(core): make SchemaManager an interface [paimon]

Posted by "baiyangtx (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>.
baiyangtx commented on code in PR #9174:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/pull/9174#discussion_r3871526876


##########
paimon-core/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/schema/FileSystemSchemaManager.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,1554 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.paimon.schema;
+
+import org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions;
+import org.apache.paimon.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.paimon.casting.CastExecutors;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.Catalog;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.Identifier;
+import org.apache.paimon.fs.FileIO;
+import org.apache.paimon.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.paimon.iceberg.IcebergOptions;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.ColumnDirectiveUtils.ConvertedColumn;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.AddColumn;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.DropColumn;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.RemoveOption;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.RenameColumn;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.SetOption;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateColumnComment;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateColumnDefaultValue;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateColumnNullability;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateColumnPosition;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateColumnType;
+import org.apache.paimon.schema.SchemaChange.UpdateComment;
+import org.apache.paimon.table.FileStoreTableFactory;
+import org.apache.paimon.table.SchemaModification;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.ArrayType;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.DataField;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.DataType;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.DataTypeCasts;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.MapType;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.ReassignFieldId;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.RowType;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.BranchManager;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.ChangelogManager;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.LazyField;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.SnapshotManager;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.paimon.utils.TagManager;
+
+import org.apache.paimon.shade.guava30.com.google.common.collect.FluentIterable;
+import org.apache.paimon.shade.guava30.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.apache.paimon.shade.guava30.com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
+import org.apache.paimon.shade.guava30.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.paimon.shade.guava30.com.google.common.collect.Streams;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.AGG_FUNCTION;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.BUCKET_KEY;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.CLUSTERING_COLUMNS;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.DELETION_VECTORS_ENABLED;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.DELETION_VECTORS_MODIFIABLE;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.DISTINCT;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.FIELDS_PREFIX;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.IGNORE_DELETE;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.IGNORE_RETRACT;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.IGNORE_UPDATE_BEFORE;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.LIST_AGG_DELIMITER;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.MAP_SHARED_SHREDDING_COLUMN_PLACEMENT_POLICY;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.MAP_SHARED_SHREDDING_MAX_COLUMNS;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.MAP_STORAGE_LAYOUT;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.NESTED_KEY;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.PK_CLUSTERING_OVERRIDE;
+import static org.apache.paimon.CoreOptions.SEQUENCE_FIELD;
+import static org.apache.paimon.catalog.AbstractCatalog.DB_SUFFIX;
+import static org.apache.paimon.catalog.Identifier.DEFAULT_MAIN_BRANCH;
+import static org.apache.paimon.catalog.Identifier.UNKNOWN_DATABASE;
+import static org.apache.paimon.mergetree.compact.PartialUpdateMergeFunction.SEQUENCE_GROUP;
+import static org.apache.paimon.schema.ColumnDirectiveUtils.applyAddColumnDirective;
+import static org.apache.paimon.schema.ColumnDirectiveUtils.applyDirectives;
+import static org.apache.paimon.schema.ColumnDirectiveUtils.parseAddColumnComment;
+import static org.apache.paimon.types.BlobType.isBlobFileField;
+import static org.apache.paimon.utils.DefaultValueUtils.validateDefaultValue;
+import static org.apache.paimon.utils.FileUtils.listVersionedFiles;
+import static org.apache.paimon.utils.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+import static org.apache.paimon.utils.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/** File system implementation of {@link SchemaManager}. */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class FileSystemSchemaManager implements SchemaManager {
+
+    public static final String SCHEMA_PREFIX = "schema-";
+
+    private final FileIO fileIO;
+    private final Path tableRoot;
+
+    private final String branch;
+
+    public FileSystemSchemaManager(FileIO fileIO, Path tableRoot) {
+        this(fileIO, tableRoot, DEFAULT_MAIN_BRANCH);
+    }
+
+    /** Specify the default branch for data writing. */
+    public FileSystemSchemaManager(FileIO fileIO, Path tableRoot, String branch) {
+        this.fileIO = fileIO;
+        this.tableRoot = tableRoot;
+        this.branch = BranchManager.normalizeBranch(branch);
+    }
+
+    public FileSystemSchemaManager copyWithBranch(String branchName) {
+        return new FileSystemSchemaManager(fileIO, tableRoot, branchName);
+    }
+
+    public Optional<TableSchema> latest() {
+        try {
+            return listVersionedFiles(fileIO, schemaDirectory(), SCHEMA_PREFIX)
+                    .reduce(Math::max)
+                    .map(this::schema);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public TableSchema latestOrThrow(String message) {
+        return latest().orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException(message));
+    }
+
+    public long earliestCreationTime() {
+        try {
+            long earliest = 0;
+            if (!schemaExists(0)) {
+                Optional<Long> min =
+                        listVersionedFiles(fileIO, schemaDirectory(), SCHEMA_PREFIX)
+                                .reduce(Math::min);
+                checkArgument(min.isPresent());
+                earliest = min.get();
+            }
+
+            Path schemaPath = toSchemaPath(earliest);
+            return fileIO.getFileStatus(schemaPath).getModificationTime();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public List<TableSchema> listAll() {
+        return listAllIds().stream().map(this::schema).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    /** List all schema IDs. */
+    public List<Long> listAllIds() {
+        try {
+            return listVersionedFiles(fileIO, schemaDirectory(), SCHEMA_PREFIX)
+                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public TableSchema createTable(Schema schema) throws Exception {
+        return createTable(schema, false);
+    }
+
+    public TableSchema createTable(Schema schema, boolean externalTable) throws Exception {
+        while (true) {
+            Optional<TableSchema> latest = latest();
+            if (latest.isPresent()) {
+                TableSchema latestSchema = latest.get();
+                if (externalTable) {
+                    checkSchemaForExternalTable(latestSchema.toSchema(), schema);
+                    return latestSchema;
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                            "Schema in filesystem exists, creation is not allowed.");
+                }
+            }
+
+            schema = applyDirectives(schema);
+            TableSchema newSchema = TableSchema.create(0, schema);
+
+            // validate table from creating table
+            FileStoreTableFactory.create(fileIO, tableRoot, newSchema).store();
+
+            boolean success = commit(newSchema);
+            if (success) {
+                return newSchema;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkSchemaForExternalTable(Schema existsSchema, Schema newSchema) {
+        // When creating an external table, if the table already exists in the location, we can
+        // choose not to specify the fields.
+        if ((newSchema.fields().isEmpty()
+                        || newSchema.rowType().equalsIgnoreFieldId(existsSchema.rowType()))
+                && (newSchema.partitionKeys().isEmpty()
+                        || Objects.equals(newSchema.partitionKeys(), existsSchema.partitionKeys()))
+                && (newSchema.primaryKeys().isEmpty()
+                        || Objects.equals(newSchema.primaryKeys(), existsSchema.primaryKeys()))) {
+            // check for options
+            Map<String, String> existsOptions = existsSchema.options();
+            Map<String, String> newOptions = newSchema.options();
+            newOptions.forEach(
+                    (key, value) -> {
+                        // ignore `owner` and `path`
+                        if (!key.equals(Catalog.OWNER_PROP)
+                                && !key.equals(CoreOptions.PATH.key())
+                                && (!existsOptions.containsKey(key)
+                                        || !existsOptions.get(key).equals(value))) {
+                            throw new RuntimeException(
+                                    "New schema's options are not equal to the exists schema's, new schema: "
+                                            + newOptions
+                                            + ", exists schema: "
+                                            + existsOptions);
+                        }
+                    });
+        } else {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                    "New schema is not equal to exists schema, new schema: "
+                            + newSchema
+                            + ", exists schema: "
+                            + existsSchema);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Update {@link SchemaChange}s. */
+    public TableSchema commitChanges(SchemaChange... changes) throws Exception {
+        return commitChanges(Arrays.asList(changes));
+    }
+
+    /** Update {@link SchemaChange}s. */
+    public TableSchema commitChanges(List<SchemaChange> changes)
+            throws Catalog.TableNotExistException, Catalog.ColumnAlreadyExistException,
+                    Catalog.ColumnNotExistException {
+        SnapshotManager snapshotManager =
+                new SnapshotManager(fileIO, tableRoot, branch, null, null);
+        LazyField<Boolean> hasSnapshots =
+                new LazyField<>(() -> snapshotManager.latestSnapshot() != null);
+
+        while (true) {
+            TableSchema oldTableSchema =
+                    latest().orElseThrow(
+                                    () ->
+                                            new Catalog.TableNotExistException(
+                                                    identifierFromPath(
+                                                            tableRoot.toString(), true, branch)));
+            LazyField<Identifier> lazyIdentifier =
+                    new LazyField<>(() -> identifierFromPath(tableRoot.toString(), true, branch));
+            TableSchema newTableSchema =
+                    generateTableSchema(oldTableSchema, changes, hasSnapshots, lazyIdentifier);
+            try {
+                boolean success = commit(newTableSchema);
+                if (success) {
+                    return newTableSchema;
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static TableSchema generateTableSchema(

Review Comment:
   Fixed. I moved the static methods to the SchemaManager interface while keeping the existing call sites compatible. Thanks for pointing this out!



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Re: [PR] refactor(core): make SchemaManager an interface [paimon]

Posted by "baiyangtx (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>.
baiyangtx commented on PR #9174:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/pull/9174#issuecomment-5290494611

   @Aitozi @JingsongLi PTAL


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