[Improve] Improve error reporting for corrupted TsFiles

[wenwei shu <s1...@gmail.com>]

Hi all,

I’d like to share an improvement introduced by PR #18304:

https://github.com/apache/iotdb/pull/18304

This PR improves error reporting when a corrupted TsFile is encountered
during query execution.

Previously, the original IOException from the TsFile reader could be
wrapped as a generic RuntimeException, without identifying the corrupted
file. This made it difficult to locate and diagnose the problematic TsFile.

This PR introduces `CorruptedTsFileException`, which preserves the
corruption context, including the detection stage and, where appropriate,
the TsFile path.

Main improvements include:

- Identify common corruption detection stages, such as reading metadata,
loading chunks or pages, decoding page data, and reading metadata index
nodes.
- Return clearer errors for normal IoTDB queries, directing users to check
server logs for details.
- Return the full corrupted TsFile path for `read_tsfile` queries, helping
users locate external damaged files directly.
- Preserve the exception as a query-abort cause so the query engine can
handle it consistently.
- Add integration tests covering metadata-index and page-data corruption
scenarios.

This improvement is useful for troubleshooting corrupted TsFiles,
especially when querying external files through `read_tsfile`, where users
need to quickly identify the affected file.

Feedback and suggestions are welcome.


大家好，

我想分享一个在 PR #18304 中引入的改进：

https://github.com/apache/iotdb/pull/18304

该 PR 改进了查询执行过程中遇到损坏 TsFile 时的错误提示。

此前，TsFile 读取器抛出的原始 IOException 可能会被包装成不包含损坏文件信息的通用
RuntimeException，导致用户难以定位和排查问题文件。

该 PR 新增了 `CorruptedTsFileException`，用于保留 TsFile
损坏的上下文信息，包括发现问题的阶段，以及在适当情况下的 TsFile 路径。

主要改进包括：

- 标识常见的损坏发现阶段，例如读取元数据、加载 Chunk 或 Page、解码 Page 数据、读取元数据索引节点等。
- 对普通 IoTDB 查询返回更清晰的错误信息，并提示用户查看服务端日志获取详细信息。
- 对 `read_tsfile` 查询返回完整的损坏 TsFile 路径，便于用户直接定位损坏的外部文件。
- 将该异常作为查询中止原因进行处理，使查询引擎能够一致地处理此类错误。
- 新增集成测试，覆盖元数据索引和 Page 数据损坏等场景。

该改进有助于排查损坏 TsFile，特别是在通过 `read_tsfile` 查询外部文件时，用户可以更快地定位受影响的文件。

欢迎大家提出反馈和建议。

Best regards,
Wenwei Shu