[I] SQL binder loses outer table scope for ANY/ALL subqueries nested inside another subquery [shardingsphere]

["thswlsqls (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>]

thswlsqls opened a new issue, #40067:
URL: https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/issues/40067

   ## Bug Report
   
   ### Which version of ShardingSphere did you use?
   master @ 7712a28fffe
   
   ### Which project did you use? ShardingSphere-JDBC or ShardingSphere-Proxy?
   Both (MySQL dialect)
   
   ### Expected behavior
   An `ANY`/`ALL`/`SOME` subquery can reference a table alias declared two or more query levels out, as `EXISTS` and scalar subqueries already can.
   
   ### Actual behavior
   Binding fails with `ColumnNotFoundException: Unknown column 'o.user_id' in 'where clause'`.
   
   ### Reason analyze (If you can)
   `ExpressionSegmentBinder.bind()` passes only `tableBinderContexts` to `QuantifySubqueryExpressionBinder`, which forwards it to `SubquerySegmentBinder` as the outer contexts. The `ExistsSubqueryExpression` and `SubqueryExpressionSegment` branches merge `outerTableBinderContexts` with `tableBinderContexts` first, so the quantified branch drops every scope above the current one. #36135 fixed the same loss in `NotExpressionBinder`.
   
   ### Steps to reproduce the behavior, such as: SQL to execute, sharding rule configuration, when exception occur etc.
   Bind this MySQL statement (the quantified subquery must be nested at depth 2 or more; a non-nested correlated `ALL` works):
   ```sql
   SELECT o.order_id FROM t_order o WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM t_order_item i WHERE i.order_id = o.order_id
     AND i.price > ALL (SELECT p.price FROM t_product p WHERE p.user_id = o.user_id))
   ```
   
   ### Example codes for reproduce this issue (such as a github link).
   N/A
   
   


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