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Posted to commits@commons.apache.org by tn...@apache.org on 2015/02/16 23:39:41 UTC

[11/82] [partial] [math] Update for next development iteration: commons-math4

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/Arc.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/Arc.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/Arc.java
deleted file mode 100644
index af0388e..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/Arc.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned;
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NumberIsTooLargeException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Region.Location;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.Precision;
-
-
-/** This class represents an arc on a circle.
- * @see ArcsSet
- * @since 3.3
- */
-public class Arc {
-
-    /** The lower angular bound of the arc. */
-    private final double lower;
-
-    /** The upper angular bound of the arc. */
-    private final double upper;
-
-    /** Middle point of the arc. */
-    private final double middle;
-
-    /** Tolerance below which angles are considered identical. */
-    private final double tolerance;
-
-    /** Simple constructor.
-     * <p>
-     * If either {@code lower} is equals to {@code upper} or
-     * the interval exceeds \( 2 \pi \), the arc is considered
-     * to be the full circle and its initial defining boundaries
-     * will be forgotten. {@code lower} is not allowed to be
-     * greater than {@code upper} (an exception is thrown in this case).
-     * {@code lower} will be canonicalized between 0 and \( 2 \pi \), and
-     * upper shifted accordingly, so the {@link #getInf()} and {@link #getSup()}
-     * may not return the value used at instance construction.
-     * </p>
-     * @param lower lower angular bound of the arc
-     * @param upper upper angular bound of the arc
-     * @param tolerance tolerance below which angles are considered identical
-     * @exception NumberIsTooLargeException if lower is greater than upper
-     */
-    public Arc(final double lower, final double upper, final double tolerance)
-        throws NumberIsTooLargeException {
-        this.tolerance = tolerance;
-        if (Precision.equals(lower, upper, 0) || (upper - lower) >= MathUtils.TWO_PI) {
-            // the arc must cover the whole circle
-            this.lower  = 0;
-            this.upper  = MathUtils.TWO_PI;
-            this.middle = FastMath.PI;
-        } else  if (lower <= upper) {
-            this.lower  = MathUtils.normalizeAngle(lower, FastMath.PI);
-            this.upper  = this.lower + (upper - lower);
-            this.middle = 0.5 * (this.lower + this.upper);
-        } else {
-            throw new NumberIsTooLargeException(LocalizedFormats.ENDPOINTS_NOT_AN_INTERVAL,
-                                                lower, upper, true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** Get the lower angular bound of the arc.
-     * @return lower angular bound of the arc,
-     * always between 0 and \( 2 \pi \)
-     */
-    public double getInf() {
-        return lower;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the upper angular bound of the arc.
-     * @return upper angular bound of the arc,
-     * always between {@link #getInf()} and {@link #getInf()} \( + 2 \pi \)
-     */
-    public double getSup() {
-        return upper;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the angular size of the arc.
-     * @return angular size of the arc
-     */
-    public double getSize() {
-        return upper - lower;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the barycenter of the arc.
-     * @return barycenter of the arc
-     */
-    public double getBarycenter() {
-        return middle;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the tolerance below which angles are considered identical.
-     * @return tolerance below which angles are considered identical
-     */
-    public double getTolerance() {
-        return tolerance;
-    }
-
-    /** Check a point with respect to the arc.
-     * @param point point to check
-     * @return a code representing the point status: either {@link
-     * Location#INSIDE}, {@link Location#OUTSIDE} or {@link Location#BOUNDARY}
-     */
-    public Location checkPoint(final double point) {
-        final double normalizedPoint = MathUtils.normalizeAngle(point, middle);
-        if (normalizedPoint < lower - tolerance || normalizedPoint > upper + tolerance) {
-            return Location.OUTSIDE;
-        } else if (normalizedPoint > lower + tolerance && normalizedPoint < upper - tolerance) {
-            return Location.INSIDE;
-        } else {
-            return (getSize() >= MathUtils.TWO_PI - tolerance) ? Location.INSIDE : Location.BOUNDARY;
-        }
-    }
-
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/ArcsSet.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/ArcsSet.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/ArcsSet.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c03150..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/ArcsSet.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,962 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathIllegalArgumentException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathInternalError;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NumberIsTooLargeException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.Point;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.AbstractRegion;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.BSPTree;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.BoundaryProjection;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Side;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.SubHyperplane;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.Precision;
-
-/** This class represents a region of a circle: a set of arcs.
- * <p>
- * Note that due to the wrapping around \(2 \pi\), barycenter is
- * ill-defined here. It was defined only in order to fulfill
- * the requirements of the {@link
- * org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Region Region}
- * interface, but its use is discouraged.
- * </p>
- * @since 3.3
- */
-public class ArcsSet extends AbstractRegion<Sphere1D, Sphere1D> implements Iterable<double[]> {
-
-    /** Build an arcs set representing the whole circle.
-     * @param tolerance tolerance below which close sub-arcs are merged together
-     */
-    public ArcsSet(final double tolerance) {
-        super(tolerance);
-    }
-
-    /** Build an arcs set corresponding to a single arc.
-     * <p>
-     * If either {@code lower} is equals to {@code upper} or
-     * the interval exceeds \( 2 \pi \), the arc is considered
-     * to be the full circle and its initial defining boundaries
-     * will be forgotten. {@code lower} is not allowed to be greater
-     * than {@code upper} (an exception is thrown in this case).
-     * </p>
-     * @param lower lower bound of the arc
-     * @param upper upper bound of the arc
-     * @param tolerance tolerance below which close sub-arcs are merged together
-     * @exception NumberIsTooLargeException if lower is greater than upper
-     */
-    public ArcsSet(final double lower, final double upper, final double tolerance)
-        throws NumberIsTooLargeException {
-        super(buildTree(lower, upper, tolerance), tolerance);
-    }
-
-    /** Build an arcs set from an inside/outside BSP tree.
-     * <p>The leaf nodes of the BSP tree <em>must</em> have a
-     * {@code Boolean} attribute representing the inside status of
-     * the corresponding cell (true for inside cells, false for outside
-     * cells). In order to avoid building too many small objects, it is
-     * recommended to use the predefined constants
-     * {@code Boolean.TRUE} and {@code Boolean.FALSE}</p>
-     * @param tree inside/outside BSP tree representing the arcs set
-     * @param tolerance tolerance below which close sub-arcs are merged together
-     * @exception InconsistentStateAt2PiWrapping if the tree leaf nodes are not
-     * consistent across the \( 0, 2 \pi \) crossing
-     */
-    public ArcsSet(final BSPTree<Sphere1D> tree, final double tolerance)
-        throws InconsistentStateAt2PiWrapping {
-        super(tree, tolerance);
-        check2PiConsistency();
-    }
-
-    /** Build an arcs set from a Boundary REPresentation (B-rep).
-     * <p>The boundary is provided as a collection of {@link
-     * SubHyperplane sub-hyperplanes}. Each sub-hyperplane has the
-     * interior part of the region on its minus side and the exterior on
-     * its plus side.</p>
-     * <p>The boundary elements can be in any order, and can form
-     * several non-connected sets (like for example polygons with holes
-     * or a set of disjoints polyhedrons considered as a whole). In
-     * fact, the elements do not even need to be connected together
-     * (their topological connections are not used here). However, if the
-     * boundary does not really separate an inside open from an outside
-     * open (open having here its topological meaning), then subsequent
-     * calls to the {@link
-     * org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Region#checkPoint(org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.Point)
-     * checkPoint} method will not be meaningful anymore.</p>
-     * <p>If the boundary is empty, the region will represent the whole
-     * space.</p>
-     * @param boundary collection of boundary elements
-     * @param tolerance tolerance below which close sub-arcs are merged together
-     * @exception InconsistentStateAt2PiWrapping if the tree leaf nodes are not
-     * consistent across the \( 0, 2 \pi \) crossing
-     */
-    public ArcsSet(final Collection<SubHyperplane<Sphere1D>> boundary, final double tolerance)
-        throws InconsistentStateAt2PiWrapping {
-        super(boundary, tolerance);
-        check2PiConsistency();
-    }
-
-    /** Build an inside/outside tree representing a single arc.
-     * @param lower lower angular bound of the arc
-     * @param upper upper angular bound of the arc
-     * @param tolerance tolerance below which close sub-arcs are merged together
-     * @return the built tree
-     * @exception NumberIsTooLargeException if lower is greater than upper
-     */
-    private static BSPTree<Sphere1D> buildTree(final double lower, final double upper,
-                                               final double tolerance)
-        throws NumberIsTooLargeException {
-
-        if (Precision.equals(lower, upper, 0) || (upper - lower) >= MathUtils.TWO_PI) {
-            // the tree must cover the whole circle
-            return new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(Boolean.TRUE);
-        } else  if (lower > upper) {
-            throw new NumberIsTooLargeException(LocalizedFormats.ENDPOINTS_NOT_AN_INTERVAL,
-                                                lower, upper, true);
-        }
-
-        // this is a regular arc, covering only part of the circle
-        final double normalizedLower = MathUtils.normalizeAngle(lower, FastMath.PI);
-        final double normalizedUpper = normalizedLower + (upper - lower);
-        final SubHyperplane<Sphere1D> lowerCut =
-                new LimitAngle(new S1Point(normalizedLower), false, tolerance).wholeHyperplane();
-
-        if (normalizedUpper <= MathUtils.TWO_PI) {
-            // simple arc starting after 0 and ending before 2 \pi
-            final SubHyperplane<Sphere1D> upperCut =
-                    new LimitAngle(new S1Point(normalizedUpper), true, tolerance).wholeHyperplane();
-            return new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(lowerCut,
-                                         new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(Boolean.FALSE),
-                                         new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(upperCut,
-                                                               new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(Boolean.FALSE),
-                                                               new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(Boolean.TRUE),
-                                                               null),
-                                         null);
-        } else {
-            // arc wrapping around 2 \pi
-            final SubHyperplane<Sphere1D> upperCut =
-                    new LimitAngle(new S1Point(normalizedUpper - MathUtils.TWO_PI), true, tolerance).wholeHyperplane();
-            return new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(lowerCut,
-                                         new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(upperCut,
-                                                               new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(Boolean.FALSE),
-                                                               new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(Boolean.TRUE),
-                                                               null),
-                                         new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(Boolean.TRUE),
-                                         null);
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /** Check consistency.
-    * @exception InconsistentStateAt2PiWrapping if the tree leaf nodes are not
-    * consistent across the \( 0, 2 \pi \) crossing
-    */
-    private void check2PiConsistency() throws InconsistentStateAt2PiWrapping {
-
-        // start search at the tree root
-        BSPTree<Sphere1D> root = getTree(false);
-        if (root.getCut() == null) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // find the inside/outside state before the smallest internal node
-        final Boolean stateBefore = (Boolean) getFirstLeaf(root).getAttribute();
-
-        // find the inside/outside state after the largest internal node
-        final Boolean stateAfter = (Boolean) getLastLeaf(root).getAttribute();
-
-        if (stateBefore ^ stateAfter) {
-            throw new InconsistentStateAt2PiWrapping();
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /** Get the first leaf node of a tree.
-     * @param root tree root
-     * @return first leaf node (i.e. node corresponding to the region just after 0.0 radians)
-     */
-    private BSPTree<Sphere1D> getFirstLeaf(final BSPTree<Sphere1D> root) {
-
-        if (root.getCut() == null) {
-            return root;
-        }
-
-        // find the smallest internal node
-        BSPTree<Sphere1D> smallest = null;
-        for (BSPTree<Sphere1D> n = root; n != null; n = previousInternalNode(n)) {
-            smallest = n;
-        }
-
-        return leafBefore(smallest);
-
-    }
-
-    /** Get the last leaf node of a tree.
-     * @param root tree root
-     * @return last leaf node (i.e. node corresponding to the region just before \( 2 \pi \) radians)
-     */
-    private BSPTree<Sphere1D> getLastLeaf(final BSPTree<Sphere1D> root) {
-
-        if (root.getCut() == null) {
-            return root;
-        }
-
-        // find the largest internal node
-        BSPTree<Sphere1D> largest = null;
-        for (BSPTree<Sphere1D> n = root; n != null; n = nextInternalNode(n)) {
-            largest = n;
-        }
-
-        return leafAfter(largest);
-
-    }
-
-    /** Get the node corresponding to the first arc start.
-     * @return smallest internal node (i.e. first after 0.0 radians, in trigonometric direction),
-     * or null if there are no internal nodes (i.e. the set is either empty or covers the full circle)
-     */
-    private BSPTree<Sphere1D> getFirstArcStart() {
-
-        // start search at the tree root
-        BSPTree<Sphere1D> node = getTree(false);
-        if (node.getCut() == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // walk tree until we find the smallest internal node
-        node = getFirstLeaf(node).getParent();
-
-        // walk tree until we find an arc start
-        while (node != null && !isArcStart(node)) {
-            node = nextInternalNode(node);
-        }
-
-        return node;
-
-    }
-
-    /** Check if an internal node corresponds to the start angle of an arc.
-     * @param node internal node to check
-     * @return true if the node corresponds to the start angle of an arc
-     */
-    private boolean isArcStart(final BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-
-        if ((Boolean) leafBefore(node).getAttribute()) {
-            // it has an inside cell before it, it may end an arc but not start it
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (!(Boolean) leafAfter(node).getAttribute()) {
-            // it has an outside cell after it, it is a dummy cut away from real arcs
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // the cell has an outside before and an inside after it
-        // it is the start of an arc
-        return true;
-
-    }
-
-    /** Check if an internal node corresponds to the end angle of an arc.
-     * @param node internal node to check
-     * @return true if the node corresponds to the end angle of an arc
-     */
-    private boolean isArcEnd(final BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-
-        if (!(Boolean) leafBefore(node).getAttribute()) {
-            // it has an outside cell before it, it may start an arc but not end it
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if ((Boolean) leafAfter(node).getAttribute()) {
-            // it has an inside cell after it, it is a dummy cut in the middle of an arc
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // the cell has an inside before and an outside after it
-        // it is the end of an arc
-        return true;
-
-    }
-
-    /** Get the next internal node.
-     * @param node current internal node
-     * @return next internal node in trigonometric order, or null
-     * if this is the last internal node
-     */
-    private BSPTree<Sphere1D> nextInternalNode(BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-
-        if (childAfter(node).getCut() != null) {
-            // the next node is in the sub-tree
-            return leafAfter(node).getParent();
-        }
-
-        // there is nothing left deeper in the tree, we backtrack
-        while (isAfterParent(node)) {
-            node = node.getParent();
-        }
-        return node.getParent();
-
-    }
-
-    /** Get the previous internal node.
-     * @param node current internal node
-     * @return previous internal node in trigonometric order, or null
-     * if this is the first internal node
-     */
-    private BSPTree<Sphere1D> previousInternalNode(BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-
-        if (childBefore(node).getCut() != null) {
-            // the next node is in the sub-tree
-            return leafBefore(node).getParent();
-        }
-
-        // there is nothing left deeper in the tree, we backtrack
-        while (isBeforeParent(node)) {
-            node = node.getParent();
-        }
-        return node.getParent();
-
-    }
-
-    /** Find the leaf node just before an internal node.
-     * @param node internal node at which the sub-tree starts
-     * @return leaf node just before the internal node
-     */
-    private BSPTree<Sphere1D> leafBefore(BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-
-        node = childBefore(node);
-        while (node.getCut() != null) {
-            node = childAfter(node);
-        }
-
-        return node;
-
-    }
-
-    /** Find the leaf node just after an internal node.
-     * @param node internal node at which the sub-tree starts
-     * @return leaf node just after the internal node
-     */
-    private BSPTree<Sphere1D> leafAfter(BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-
-        node = childAfter(node);
-        while (node.getCut() != null) {
-            node = childBefore(node);
-        }
-
-        return node;
-
-    }
-
-    /** Check if a node is the child before its parent in trigonometric order.
-     * @param node child node considered
-     * @return true is the node has a parent end is before it in trigonometric order
-     */
-    private boolean isBeforeParent(final BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-        final BSPTree<Sphere1D> parent = node.getParent();
-        if (parent == null) {
-            return false;
-        } else {
-            return node == childBefore(parent);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** Check if a node is the child after its parent in trigonometric order.
-     * @param node child node considered
-     * @return true is the node has a parent end is after it in trigonometric order
-     */
-    private boolean isAfterParent(final BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-        final BSPTree<Sphere1D> parent = node.getParent();
-        if (parent == null) {
-            return false;
-        } else {
-            return node == childAfter(parent);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** Find the child node just before an internal node.
-     * @param node internal node at which the sub-tree starts
-     * @return child node just before the internal node
-     */
-    private BSPTree<Sphere1D> childBefore(BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-        if (isDirect(node)) {
-            // smaller angles are on minus side, larger angles are on plus side
-            return node.getMinus();
-        } else {
-            // smaller angles are on plus side, larger angles are on minus side
-            return node.getPlus();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** Find the child node just after an internal node.
-     * @param node internal node at which the sub-tree starts
-     * @return child node just after the internal node
-     */
-    private BSPTree<Sphere1D> childAfter(BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-        if (isDirect(node)) {
-            // smaller angles are on minus side, larger angles are on plus side
-            return node.getPlus();
-        } else {
-            // smaller angles are on plus side, larger angles are on minus side
-            return node.getMinus();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** Check if an internal node has a direct limit angle.
-     * @param node internal node to check
-     * @return true if the limit angle is direct
-     */
-    private boolean isDirect(final BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-        return ((LimitAngle) node.getCut().getHyperplane()).isDirect();
-    }
-
-    /** Get the limit angle of an internal node.
-     * @param node internal node to check
-     * @return limit angle
-     */
-    private double getAngle(final BSPTree<Sphere1D> node) {
-        return ((LimitAngle) node.getCut().getHyperplane()).getLocation().getAlpha();
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    @Override
-    public ArcsSet buildNew(final BSPTree<Sphere1D> tree) {
-        return new ArcsSet(tree, getTolerance());
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    @Override
-    protected void computeGeometricalProperties() {
-        if (getTree(false).getCut() == null) {
-            setBarycenter(S1Point.NaN);
-            setSize(((Boolean) getTree(false).getAttribute()) ? MathUtils.TWO_PI : 0);
-        } else {
-            double size = 0.0;
-            double sum  = 0.0;
-            for (final double[] a : this) {
-                final double length = a[1] - a[0];
-                size += length;
-                sum  += length * (a[0] + a[1]);
-            }
-            setSize(size);
-            if (Precision.equals(size, MathUtils.TWO_PI, 0)) {
-                setBarycenter(S1Point.NaN);
-            } else if (size >= Precision.SAFE_MIN) {
-                setBarycenter(new S1Point(sum / (2 * size)));
-            } else {
-                final LimitAngle limit = (LimitAngle) getTree(false).getCut().getHyperplane();
-                setBarycenter(limit.getLocation());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc}
-     * @since 3.3
-     */
-    @Override
-    public BoundaryProjection<Sphere1D> projectToBoundary(final Point<Sphere1D> point) {
-
-        // get position of test point
-        final double alpha = ((S1Point) point).getAlpha();
-
-        boolean wrapFirst = false;
-        double first      = Double.NaN;
-        double previous   = Double.NaN;
-        for (final double[] a : this) {
-
-            if (Double.isNaN(first)) {
-                // remember the first angle in case we need it later
-                first = a[0];
-            }
-
-            if (!wrapFirst) {
-                if (alpha < a[0]) {
-                    // the test point lies between the previous and the current arcs
-                    // offset will be positive
-                    if (Double.isNaN(previous)) {
-                        // we need to wrap around the circle
-                        wrapFirst = true;
-                    } else {
-                        final double previousOffset = alpha - previous;
-                        final double currentOffset  = a[0] - alpha;
-                        if (previousOffset < currentOffset) {
-                            return new BoundaryProjection<Sphere1D>(point, new S1Point(previous), previousOffset);
-                        } else {
-                            return new BoundaryProjection<Sphere1D>(point, new S1Point(a[0]), currentOffset);
-                        }
-                    }
-                } else if (alpha <= a[1]) {
-                    // the test point lies within the current arc
-                    // offset will be negative
-                    final double offset0 = a[0] - alpha;
-                    final double offset1 = alpha - a[1];
-                    if (offset0 < offset1) {
-                        return new BoundaryProjection<Sphere1D>(point, new S1Point(a[1]), offset1);
-                    } else {
-                        return new BoundaryProjection<Sphere1D>(point, new S1Point(a[0]), offset0);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            previous = a[1];
-        }
-
-        if (Double.isNaN(previous)) {
-
-            // there are no points at all in the arcs set
-            return new BoundaryProjection<Sphere1D>(point, null, MathUtils.TWO_PI);
-
-        } else {
-
-            // the test point if before first arc and after last arc,
-            // somewhere around the 0/2 \pi crossing
-            if (wrapFirst) {
-                // the test point is between 0 and first
-                final double previousOffset = alpha - (previous - MathUtils.TWO_PI);
-                final double currentOffset  = first - alpha;
-                if (previousOffset < currentOffset) {
-                    return new BoundaryProjection<Sphere1D>(point, new S1Point(previous), previousOffset);
-                } else {
-                    return new BoundaryProjection<Sphere1D>(point, new S1Point(first), currentOffset);
-                }
-            } else {
-                // the test point is between last and 2\pi
-                final double previousOffset = alpha - previous;
-                final double currentOffset  = first + MathUtils.TWO_PI - alpha;
-                if (previousOffset < currentOffset) {
-                    return new BoundaryProjection<Sphere1D>(point, new S1Point(previous), previousOffset);
-                } else {
-                    return new BoundaryProjection<Sphere1D>(point, new S1Point(first), currentOffset);
-                }
-            }
-
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /** Build an ordered list of arcs representing the instance.
-     * <p>This method builds this arcs set as an ordered list of
-     * {@link Arc Arc} elements. An empty tree will build an empty list
-     * while a tree representing the whole circle will build a one
-     * element list with bounds set to \( 0 and 2 \pi \).</p>
-     * @return a new ordered list containing {@link Arc Arc} elements
-     */
-    public List<Arc> asList() {
-        final List<Arc> list = new ArrayList<Arc>();
-        for (final double[] a : this) {
-            list.add(new Arc(a[0], a[1], getTolerance()));
-        }
-        return list;
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc}
-     * <p>
-     * The iterator returns the limit angles pairs of sub-arcs in trigonometric order.
-     * </p>
-     * <p>
-     * The iterator does <em>not</em> support the optional {@code remove} operation.
-     * </p>
-     */
-    public Iterator<double[]> iterator() {
-        return new SubArcsIterator();
-    }
-
-    /** Local iterator for sub-arcs. */
-    private class SubArcsIterator implements Iterator<double[]> {
-
-        /** Start of the first arc. */
-        private final BSPTree<Sphere1D> firstStart;
-
-        /** Current node. */
-        private BSPTree<Sphere1D> current;
-
-        /** Sub-arc no yet returned. */
-        private double[] pending;
-
-        /** Simple constructor.
-         */
-        public SubArcsIterator() {
-
-            firstStart = getFirstArcStart();
-            current    = firstStart;
-
-            if (firstStart == null) {
-                // all the leaf tree nodes share the same inside/outside status
-                if ((Boolean) getFirstLeaf(getTree(false)).getAttribute()) {
-                    // it is an inside node, it represents the full circle
-                    pending = new double[] {
-                        0, MathUtils.TWO_PI
-                    };
-                } else {
-                    pending = null;
-                }
-            } else {
-                selectPending();
-            }
-        }
-
-        /** Walk the tree to select the pending sub-arc.
-         */
-        private void selectPending() {
-
-            // look for the start of the arc
-            BSPTree<Sphere1D> start = current;
-            while (start != null && !isArcStart(start)) {
-                start = nextInternalNode(start);
-            }
-
-            if (start == null) {
-                // we have exhausted the iterator
-                current = null;
-                pending = null;
-                return;
-            }
-
-            // look for the end of the arc
-            BSPTree<Sphere1D> end = start;
-            while (end != null && !isArcEnd(end)) {
-                end = nextInternalNode(end);
-            }
-
-            if (end != null) {
-
-                // we have identified the arc
-                pending = new double[] {
-                    getAngle(start), getAngle(end)
-                };
-
-                // prepare search for next arc
-                current = end;
-
-            } else {
-
-                // the final arc wraps around 2\pi, its end is before the first start
-                end = firstStart;
-                while (end != null && !isArcEnd(end)) {
-                    end = previousInternalNode(end);
-                }
-                if (end == null) {
-                    // this should never happen
-                    throw new MathInternalError();
-                }
-
-                // we have identified the last arc
-                pending = new double[] {
-                    getAngle(start), getAngle(end) + MathUtils.TWO_PI
-                };
-
-                // there won't be any other arcs
-                current = null;
-
-            }
-
-        }
-
-        /** {@inheritDoc} */
-        public boolean hasNext() {
-            return pending != null;
-        }
-
-        /** {@inheritDoc} */
-        public double[] next() {
-            if (pending == null) {
-                throw new NoSuchElementException();
-            }
-            final double[] next = pending;
-            selectPending();
-            return next;
-        }
-
-        /** {@inheritDoc} */
-        public void remove() {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /** Compute the relative position of the instance with respect
-     * to an arc.
-     * <p>
-     * The {@link Side#MINUS} side of the arc is the one covered by the arc.
-     * </p>
-     * @param arc arc to check instance against
-     * @return one of {@link Side#PLUS}, {@link Side#MINUS}, {@link Side#BOTH}
-     * or {@link Side#HYPER}
-     */
-    public Side side(final Arc arc) {
-
-        final double reference = FastMath.PI + arc.getInf();
-        final double arcLength = arc.getSup() - arc.getInf();
-
-        boolean inMinus = false;
-        boolean inPlus  = false;
-        for (final double[] a : this) {
-            final double syncedStart = MathUtils.normalizeAngle(a[0], reference) - arc.getInf();
-            final double arcOffset   = a[0] - syncedStart;
-            final double syncedEnd   = a[1] - arcOffset;
-            if (syncedStart <= arcLength - getTolerance() || syncedEnd >= MathUtils.TWO_PI + getTolerance()) {
-                inMinus = true;
-            }
-            if (syncedEnd >= arcLength + getTolerance()) {
-                inPlus = true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (inMinus) {
-            if (inPlus) {
-                return Side.BOTH;
-            } else {
-                return Side.MINUS;
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (inPlus) {
-                return Side.PLUS;
-            } else {
-                return Side.HYPER;
-            }
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /** Split the instance in two parts by an arc.
-     * @param arc splitting arc
-     * @return an object containing both the part of the instance
-     * on the plus side of the arc and the part of the
-     * instance on the minus side of the arc
-     */
-    public Split split(final Arc arc) {
-
-        final List<Double> minus = new ArrayList<Double>();
-        final List<Double>  plus = new ArrayList<Double>();
-
-        final double reference = FastMath.PI + arc.getInf();
-        final double arcLength = arc.getSup() - arc.getInf();
-
-        for (final double[] a : this) {
-            final double syncedStart = MathUtils.normalizeAngle(a[0], reference) - arc.getInf();
-            final double arcOffset   = a[0] - syncedStart;
-            final double syncedEnd   = a[1] - arcOffset;
-            if (syncedStart < arcLength) {
-                // the start point a[0] is in the minus part of the arc
-                minus.add(a[0]);
-                if (syncedEnd > arcLength) {
-                    // the end point a[1] is past the end of the arc
-                    // so we leave the minus part and enter the plus part
-                    final double minusToPlus = arcLength + arcOffset;
-                    minus.add(minusToPlus);
-                    plus.add(minusToPlus);
-                    if (syncedEnd > MathUtils.TWO_PI) {
-                        // in fact the end point a[1] goes far enough that we
-                        // leave the plus part of the arc and enter the minus part again
-                        final double plusToMinus = MathUtils.TWO_PI + arcOffset;
-                        plus.add(plusToMinus);
-                        minus.add(plusToMinus);
-                        minus.add(a[1]);
-                    } else {
-                        // the end point a[1] is in the plus part of the arc
-                        plus.add(a[1]);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    // the end point a[1] is in the minus part of the arc
-                    minus.add(a[1]);
-                }
-            } else {
-                // the start point a[0] is in the plus part of the arc
-                plus.add(a[0]);
-                if (syncedEnd > MathUtils.TWO_PI) {
-                    // the end point a[1] wraps around to the start of the arc
-                    // so we leave the plus part and enter the minus part
-                    final double plusToMinus = MathUtils.TWO_PI + arcOffset;
-                    plus.add(plusToMinus);
-                    minus.add(plusToMinus);
-                    if (syncedEnd > MathUtils.TWO_PI + arcLength) {
-                        // in fact the end point a[1] goes far enough that we
-                        // leave the minus part of the arc and enter the plus part again
-                        final double minusToPlus = MathUtils.TWO_PI + arcLength + arcOffset;
-                        minus.add(minusToPlus);
-                        plus.add(minusToPlus);
-                        plus.add(a[1]);
-                    } else {
-                        // the end point a[1] is in the minus part of the arc
-                        minus.add(a[1]);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    // the end point a[1] is in the plus part of the arc
-                    plus.add(a[1]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return new Split(createSplitPart(plus), createSplitPart(minus));
-
-    }
-
-    /** Add an arc limit to a BSP tree under construction.
-     * @param tree BSP tree under construction
-     * @param alpha arc limit
-     * @param isStart if true, the limit is the start of an arc
-     */
-    private void addArcLimit(final BSPTree<Sphere1D> tree, final double alpha, final boolean isStart) {
-
-        final LimitAngle limit = new LimitAngle(new S1Point(alpha), !isStart, getTolerance());
-        final BSPTree<Sphere1D> node = tree.getCell(limit.getLocation(), getTolerance());
-        if (node.getCut() != null) {
-            // this should never happen
-            throw new MathInternalError();
-        }
-
-        node.insertCut(limit);
-        node.setAttribute(null);
-        node.getPlus().setAttribute(Boolean.FALSE);
-        node.getMinus().setAttribute(Boolean.TRUE);
-
-    }
-
-    /** Create a split part.
-     * <p>
-     * As per construction, the list of limit angles is known to have
-     * an even number of entries, with start angles at even indices and
-     * end angles at odd indices.
-     * </p>
-     * @param limits limit angles of the split part
-     * @return split part (may be null)
-     */
-    private ArcsSet createSplitPart(final List<Double> limits) {
-        if (limits.isEmpty()) {
-            return null;
-        } else {
-
-            // collapse close limit angles
-            for (int i = 0; i < limits.size(); ++i) {
-                final int    j  = (i + 1) % limits.size();
-                final double lA = limits.get(i);
-                final double lB = MathUtils.normalizeAngle(limits.get(j), lA);
-                if (FastMath.abs(lB - lA) <= getTolerance()) {
-                    // the two limits are too close to each other, we remove both of them
-                    if (j > 0) {
-                        // regular case, the two entries are consecutive ones
-                        limits.remove(j);
-                        limits.remove(i);
-                        i = i - 1;
-                    } else {
-                        // special case, i the the last entry and j is the first entry
-                        // we have wrapped around list end
-                        final double lEnd   = limits.remove(limits.size() - 1);
-                        final double lStart = limits.remove(0);
-                        if (limits.isEmpty()) {
-                            // the ends were the only limits, is it a full circle or an empty circle?
-                            if (lEnd - lStart > FastMath.PI) {
-                                // it was full circle
-                                return new ArcsSet(new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(Boolean.TRUE), getTolerance());
-                            } else {
-                                // it was an empty circle
-                                return null;
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            // we have removed the first interval start, so our list
-                            // currently starts with an interval end, which is wrong
-                            // we need to move this interval end to the end of the list
-                            limits.add(limits.remove(0) + MathUtils.TWO_PI);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            // build the tree by adding all angular sectors
-            BSPTree<Sphere1D> tree = new BSPTree<Sphere1D>(Boolean.FALSE);
-            for (int i = 0; i < limits.size() - 1; i += 2) {
-                addArcLimit(tree, limits.get(i),     true);
-                addArcLimit(tree, limits.get(i + 1), false);
-            }
-
-            if (tree.getCut() == null) {
-                // we did not insert anything
-                return null;
-            }
-
-            return new ArcsSet(tree, getTolerance());
-
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** Class holding the results of the {@link #split split} method.
-     */
-    public static class Split {
-
-        /** Part of the arcs set on the plus side of the splitting arc. */
-        private final ArcsSet plus;
-
-        /** Part of the arcs set on the minus side of the splitting arc. */
-        private final ArcsSet minus;
-
-        /** Build a Split from its parts.
-         * @param plus part of the arcs set on the plus side of the
-         * splitting arc
-         * @param minus part of the arcs set on the minus side of the
-         * splitting arc
-         */
-        private Split(final ArcsSet plus, final ArcsSet minus) {
-            this.plus  = plus;
-            this.minus = minus;
-        }
-
-        /** Get the part of the arcs set on the plus side of the splitting arc.
-         * @return part of the arcs set on the plus side of the splitting arc
-         */
-        public ArcsSet getPlus() {
-            return plus;
-        }
-
-        /** Get the part of the arcs set on the minus side of the splitting arc.
-         * @return part of the arcs set on the minus side of the splitting arc
-         */
-        public ArcsSet getMinus() {
-            return minus;
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /** Specialized exception for inconsistent BSP tree state inconsistency.
-     * <p>
-     * This exception is thrown at {@link ArcsSet} construction time when the
-     * {@link org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Region.Location inside/outside}
-     * state is not consistent at the 0, \(2 \pi \) crossing.
-     * </p>
-     */
-    public static class InconsistentStateAt2PiWrapping extends MathIllegalArgumentException {
-
-        /** Serializable UID. */
-        private static final long serialVersionUID = 20140107L;
-
-        /** Simple constructor.
-         */
-        public InconsistentStateAt2PiWrapping() {
-            super(LocalizedFormats.INCONSISTENT_STATE_AT_2_PI_WRAPPING);
-        }
-
-    }
-
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/LimitAngle.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/LimitAngle.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/LimitAngle.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 748a142..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/LimitAngle.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned;
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.Point;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Hyperplane;
-
-/** This class represents a 1D oriented hyperplane on the circle.
- * <p>An hyperplane on the 1-sphere is an angle with an orientation.</p>
- * <p>Instances of this class are guaranteed to be immutable.</p>
- * @since 3.3
- */
-public class LimitAngle implements Hyperplane<Sphere1D> {
-
-    /** Angle location. */
-    private S1Point location;
-
-    /** Orientation. */
-    private boolean direct;
-
-    /** Tolerance below which angles are considered identical. */
-    private final double tolerance;
-
-    /** Simple constructor.
-     * @param location location of the hyperplane
-     * @param direct if true, the plus side of the hyperplane is towards
-     * angles greater than {@code location}
-     * @param tolerance tolerance below which angles are considered identical
-     */
-    public LimitAngle(final S1Point location, final boolean direct, final double tolerance) {
-        this.location  = location;
-        this.direct    = direct;
-        this.tolerance = tolerance;
-    }
-
-    /** Copy the instance.
-     * <p>Since instances are immutable, this method directly returns
-     * the instance.</p>
-     * @return the instance itself
-     */
-    public LimitAngle copySelf() {
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public double getOffset(final Point<Sphere1D> point) {
-        final double delta = ((S1Point) point).getAlpha() - location.getAlpha();
-        return direct ? delta : -delta;
-    }
-
-    /** Check if the hyperplane orientation is direct.
-     * @return true if the plus side of the hyperplane is towards
-     * angles greater than hyperplane location
-     */
-    public boolean isDirect() {
-        return direct;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the reverse of the instance.
-     * <p>Get a limit angle with reversed orientation with respect to the
-     * instance. A new object is built, the instance is untouched.</p>
-     * @return a new limit angle, with orientation opposite to the instance orientation
-     */
-    public LimitAngle getReverse() {
-        return new LimitAngle(location, !direct, tolerance);
-    }
-
-    /** Build a region covering the whole hyperplane.
-     * <p>Since this class represent zero dimension spaces which does
-     * not have lower dimension sub-spaces, this method returns a dummy
-     * implementation of a {@link
-     * org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.SubHyperplane SubHyperplane}.
-     * This implementation is only used to allow the {@link
-     * org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.SubHyperplane
-     * SubHyperplane} class implementation to work properly, it should
-     * <em>not</em> be used otherwise.</p>
-     * @return a dummy sub hyperplane
-     */
-    public SubLimitAngle wholeHyperplane() {
-        return new SubLimitAngle(this, null);
-    }
-
-    /** Build a region covering the whole space.
-     * @return a region containing the instance (really an {@link
-     * ArcsSet IntervalsSet} instance)
-     */
-    public ArcsSet wholeSpace() {
-        return new ArcsSet(tolerance);
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public boolean sameOrientationAs(final Hyperplane<Sphere1D> other) {
-        return !(direct ^ ((LimitAngle) other).direct);
-    }
-
-    /** Get the hyperplane location on the circle.
-     * @return the hyperplane location
-     */
-    public S1Point getLocation() {
-        return location;
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public Point<Sphere1D> project(Point<Sphere1D> point) {
-        return location;
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public double getTolerance() {
-        return tolerance;
-    }
-
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/S1Point.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/S1Point.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/S1Point.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 263a559..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/S1Point.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned;
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.Point;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.Space;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.twod.Vector2D;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
-
-/** This class represents a point on the 1-sphere.
- * <p>Instances of this class are guaranteed to be immutable.</p>
- * @since 3.3
- */
-public class S1Point implements Point<Sphere1D> {
-
-   // CHECKSTYLE: stop ConstantName
-    /** A vector with all coordinates set to NaN. */
-    public static final S1Point NaN = new S1Point(Double.NaN, Vector2D.NaN);
-    // CHECKSTYLE: resume ConstantName
-
-    /** Serializable UID. */
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 20131218L;
-
-    /** Azimuthal angle \( \alpha \). */
-    private final double alpha;
-
-    /** Corresponding 2D normalized vector. */
-    private final Vector2D vector;
-
-    /** Simple constructor.
-     * Build a vector from its coordinates
-     * @param alpha azimuthal angle \( \alpha \)
-     * @see #getAlpha()
-     */
-    public S1Point(final double alpha) {
-        this(MathUtils.normalizeAngle(alpha, FastMath.PI),
-             new Vector2D(FastMath.cos(alpha), FastMath.sin(alpha)));
-    }
-
-    /** Build a point from its internal components.
-     * @param alpha azimuthal angle \( \alpha \)
-     * @param vector corresponding vector
-     */
-    private S1Point(final double alpha, final Vector2D vector) {
-        this.alpha  = alpha;
-        this.vector = vector;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the azimuthal angle \( \alpha \).
-     * @return azimuthal angle \( \alpha \)
-     * @see #S1Point(double)
-     */
-    public double getAlpha() {
-        return alpha;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the corresponding normalized vector in the 2D euclidean space.
-     * @return normalized vector
-     */
-    public Vector2D getVector() {
-        return vector;
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public Space getSpace() {
-        return Sphere1D.getInstance();
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public boolean isNaN() {
-        return Double.isNaN(alpha);
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public double distance(final Point<Sphere1D> point) {
-        return distance(this, (S1Point) point);
-    }
-
-    /** Compute the distance (angular separation) between two points.
-     * @param p1 first vector
-     * @param p2 second vector
-     * @return the angular separation between p1 and p2
-     */
-    public static double distance(S1Point p1, S1Point p2) {
-        return Vector2D.angle(p1.vector, p2.vector);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Test for the equality of two points on the 2-sphere.
-     * <p>
-     * If all coordinates of two points are exactly the same, and none are
-     * <code>Double.NaN</code>, the two points are considered to be equal.
-     * </p>
-     * <p>
-     * <code>NaN</code> coordinates are considered to affect globally the vector
-     * and be equals to each other - i.e, if either (or all) coordinates of the
-     * 2D vector are equal to <code>Double.NaN</code>, the 2D vector is equal to
-     * {@link #NaN}.
-     * </p>
-     *
-     * @param other Object to test for equality to this
-     * @return true if two points on the 2-sphere objects are equal, false if
-     *         object is null, not an instance of S2Point, or
-     *         not equal to this S2Point instance
-     *
-     */
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object other) {
-
-        if (this == other) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (other instanceof S1Point) {
-            final S1Point rhs = (S1Point) other;
-            if (rhs.isNaN()) {
-                return this.isNaN();
-            }
-
-            return alpha == rhs.alpha;
-        }
-
-        return false;
-
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get a hashCode for the 2D vector.
-     * <p>
-     * All NaN values have the same hash code.</p>
-     *
-     * @return a hash code value for this object
-     */
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        if (isNaN()) {
-            return 542;
-        }
-        return 1759 * MathUtils.hash(alpha);
-    }
-
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/Sphere1D.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/Sphere1D.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/Sphere1D.java
deleted file mode 100644
index ce5c7cd..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/Sphere1D.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned;
-
-import java.io.Serializable;
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathUnsupportedOperationException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.Space;
-
-/**
- * This class implements a one-dimensional sphere (i.e. a circle).
- * <p>
- * We use here the topologists definition of the 1-sphere (see
- * <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Sphere.html">Sphere</a> on
- * MathWorld), i.e. the 1-sphere is the one-dimensional closed curve
- * defined in 2D as x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>=1.
- * </p>
- * @since 3.3
- */
-public class Sphere1D implements Serializable, Space {
-
-    /** Serializable version identifier. */
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 20131218L;
-
-    /** Private constructor for the singleton.
-     */
-    private Sphere1D() {
-    }
-
-    /** Get the unique instance.
-     * @return the unique instance
-     */
-    public static Sphere1D getInstance() {
-        return LazyHolder.INSTANCE;
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public int getDimension() {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc}
-     * <p>
-     * As the 1-dimension sphere does not have proper sub-spaces,
-     * this method always throws a {@link NoSubSpaceException}
-     * </p>
-     * @return nothing
-     * @throws NoSubSpaceException in all cases
-     */
-    public Space getSubSpace() throws NoSubSpaceException {
-        throw new NoSubSpaceException();
-    }
-
-    // CHECKSTYLE: stop HideUtilityClassConstructor
-    /** Holder for the instance.
-     * <p>We use here the Initialization On Demand Holder Idiom.</p>
-     */
-    private static class LazyHolder {
-        /** Cached field instance. */
-        private static final Sphere1D INSTANCE = new Sphere1D();
-    }
-    // CHECKSTYLE: resume HideUtilityClassConstructor
-
-    /** Handle deserialization of the singleton.
-     * @return the singleton instance
-     */
-    private Object readResolve() {
-        // return the singleton instance
-        return LazyHolder.INSTANCE;
-    }
-
-    /** Specialized exception for inexistent sub-space.
-     * <p>
-     * This exception is thrown when attempting to get the sub-space of a one-dimensional space
-     * </p>
-     */
-    public static class NoSubSpaceException extends MathUnsupportedOperationException {
-
-        /** Serializable UID. */
-        private static final long serialVersionUID = 20140225L;
-
-        /** Simple constructor.
-         */
-        public NoSubSpaceException() {
-            super(LocalizedFormats.NOT_SUPPORTED_IN_DIMENSION_N, 1);
-        }
-
-    }
-
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/SubLimitAngle.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/SubLimitAngle.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/SubLimitAngle.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 880a7e8..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/SubLimitAngle.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned;
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.AbstractSubHyperplane;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Hyperplane;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Region;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Side;
-
-/** This class represents sub-hyperplane for {@link LimitAngle}.
- * <p>Instances of this class are guaranteed to be immutable.</p>
- * @since 3.3
- */
-public class SubLimitAngle extends AbstractSubHyperplane<Sphere1D, Sphere1D> {
-
-    /** Simple constructor.
-     * @param hyperplane underlying hyperplane
-     * @param remainingRegion remaining region of the hyperplane
-     */
-    public SubLimitAngle(final Hyperplane<Sphere1D> hyperplane,
-                         final Region<Sphere1D> remainingRegion) {
-        super(hyperplane, remainingRegion);
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    @Override
-    public double getSize() {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    @Override
-    public boolean isEmpty() {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    @Override
-    protected AbstractSubHyperplane<Sphere1D, Sphere1D> buildNew(final Hyperplane<Sphere1D> hyperplane,
-                                                                 final Region<Sphere1D> remainingRegion) {
-        return new SubLimitAngle(hyperplane, remainingRegion);
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    @Override
-    public Side side(final Hyperplane<Sphere1D> hyperplane) {
-        final double global = hyperplane.getOffset(((LimitAngle) getHyperplane()).getLocation());
-        return (global < -1.0e-10) ? Side.MINUS : ((global > 1.0e-10) ? Side.PLUS : Side.HYPER);
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    @Override
-    public SplitSubHyperplane<Sphere1D> split(final Hyperplane<Sphere1D> hyperplane) {
-        final double global = hyperplane.getOffset(((LimitAngle) getHyperplane()).getLocation());
-        return (global < -1.0e-10) ?
-                                    new SplitSubHyperplane<Sphere1D>(null, this) :
-                                    new SplitSubHyperplane<Sphere1D>(this, null);
-    }
-
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/package-info.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/package-info.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/package-info.java
deleted file mode 100644
index d54bc0b..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/oned/package-info.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-/**
- *
- * <p>
- * This package provides basic geometry components on the 1-sphere.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * We use here the topologists definition of the 1-sphere (see
- * <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Sphere.html">Sphere</a> on
- * MathWorld), i.e. the 1-sphere is the one-dimensional closed curve
- * defined in 2D as x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>=1.
- * </p>
- *
- */
-package org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned;

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/twod/Circle.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/twod/Circle.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/twod/Circle.java
deleted file mode 100644
index d6d47de..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/twod/Circle.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,326 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.twod;
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.Point;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed.Rotation;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed.Vector3D;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Embedding;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Hyperplane;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.SubHyperplane;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Transform;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned.Arc;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned.ArcsSet;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned.S1Point;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned.Sphere1D;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
-
-/** This class represents an oriented great circle on the 2-sphere.
-
- * <p>An oriented circle can be defined by a center point. The circle
- * is the the set of points that are in the normal plan the center.</p>
-
- * <p>Since it is oriented the two spherical caps at its two sides are
- * unambiguously identified as a left cap and a right cap. This can be
- * used to identify the interior and the exterior in a simple way by
- * local properties only when part of a line is used to define part of
- * a spherical polygon boundary.</p>
-
- * @since 3.3
- */
-public class Circle implements Hyperplane<Sphere2D>, Embedding<Sphere2D, Sphere1D> {
-
-    /** Pole or circle center. */
-    private Vector3D pole;
-
-    /** First axis in the equator plane, origin of the phase angles. */
-    private Vector3D x;
-
-    /** Second axis in the equator plane, in quadrature with respect to x. */
-    private Vector3D y;
-
-    /** Tolerance below which close sub-arcs are merged together. */
-    private final double tolerance;
-
-    /** Build a great circle from its pole.
-     * <p>The circle is oriented in the trigonometric direction around pole.</p>
-     * @param pole circle pole
-     * @param tolerance tolerance below which close sub-arcs are merged together
-     */
-    public Circle(final Vector3D pole, final double tolerance) {
-        reset(pole);
-        this.tolerance = tolerance;
-    }
-
-    /** Build a great circle from two non-aligned points.
-     * <p>The circle is oriented from first to second point using the path smaller than \( \pi \).</p>
-     * @param first first point contained in the great circle
-     * @param second second point contained in the great circle
-     * @param tolerance tolerance below which close sub-arcs are merged together
-     */
-    public Circle(final S2Point first, final S2Point second, final double tolerance) {
-        reset(first.getVector().crossProduct(second.getVector()));
-        this.tolerance = tolerance;
-    }
-
-    /** Build a circle from its internal components.
-     * <p>The circle is oriented in the trigonometric direction around center.</p>
-     * @param pole circle pole
-     * @param x first axis in the equator plane
-     * @param y second axis in the equator plane
-     * @param tolerance tolerance below which close sub-arcs are merged together
-     */
-    private Circle(final Vector3D pole, final Vector3D x, final Vector3D y,
-                   final double tolerance) {
-        this.pole      = pole;
-        this.x         = x;
-        this.y         = y;
-        this.tolerance = tolerance;
-    }
-
-    /** Copy constructor.
-     * <p>The created instance is completely independent from the
-     * original instance, it is a deep copy.</p>
-     * @param circle circle to copy
-     */
-    public Circle(final Circle circle) {
-        this(circle.pole, circle.x, circle.y, circle.tolerance);
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public Circle copySelf() {
-        return new Circle(this);
-    }
-
-    /** Reset the instance as if built from a pole.
-     * <p>The circle is oriented in the trigonometric direction around pole.</p>
-     * @param newPole circle pole
-     */
-    public void reset(final Vector3D newPole) {
-        this.pole = newPole.normalize();
-        this.x    = newPole.orthogonal();
-        this.y    = Vector3D.crossProduct(newPole, x).normalize();
-    }
-
-    /** Revert the instance.
-     */
-    public void revertSelf() {
-        // x remains the same
-        y    = y.negate();
-        pole = pole.negate();
-    }
-
-    /** Get the reverse of the instance.
-     * <p>Get a circle with reversed orientation with respect to the
-     * instance. A new object is built, the instance is untouched.</p>
-     * @return a new circle, with orientation opposite to the instance orientation
-     */
-    public Circle getReverse() {
-        return new Circle(pole.negate(), x, y.negate(), tolerance);
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public Point<Sphere2D> project(Point<Sphere2D> point) {
-        return toSpace(toSubSpace(point));
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public double getTolerance() {
-        return tolerance;
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc}
-     * @see #getPhase(Vector3D)
-     */
-    public S1Point toSubSpace(final Point<Sphere2D> point) {
-        return new S1Point(getPhase(((S2Point) point).getVector()));
-    }
-
-    /** Get the phase angle of a direction.
-     * <p>
-     * The direction may not belong to the circle as the
-     * phase is computed for the meridian plane between the circle
-     * pole and the direction.
-     * </p>
-     * @param direction direction for which phase is requested
-     * @return phase angle of the direction around the circle
-     * @see #toSubSpace(Point)
-     */
-    public double getPhase(final Vector3D direction) {
-        return FastMath.PI + FastMath.atan2(-direction.dotProduct(y), -direction.dotProduct(x));
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc}
-     * @see #getPointAt(double)
-     */
-    public S2Point toSpace(final Point<Sphere1D> point) {
-        return new S2Point(getPointAt(((S1Point) point).getAlpha()));
-    }
-
-    /** Get a circle point from its phase around the circle.
-     * @param alpha phase around the circle
-     * @return circle point on the sphere
-     * @see #toSpace(Point)
-     * @see #getXAxis()
-     * @see #getYAxis()
-     */
-    public Vector3D getPointAt(final double alpha) {
-        return new Vector3D(FastMath.cos(alpha), x, FastMath.sin(alpha), y);
-    }
-
-    /** Get the X axis of the circle.
-     * <p>
-     * This method returns the same value as {@link #getPointAt(double)
-     * getPointAt(0.0)} but it does not do any computation and always
-     * return the same instance.
-     * </p>
-     * @return an arbitrary x axis on the circle
-     * @see #getPointAt(double)
-     * @see #getYAxis()
-     * @see #getPole()
-     */
-    public Vector3D getXAxis() {
-        return x;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the Y axis of the circle.
-     * <p>
-     * This method returns the same value as {@link #getPointAt(double)
-     * getPointAt(0.5 * FastMath.PI)} but it does not do any computation and always
-     * return the same instance.
-     * </p>
-     * @return an arbitrary y axis point on the circle
-     * @see #getPointAt(double)
-     * @see #getXAxis()
-     * @see #getPole()
-     */
-    public Vector3D getYAxis() {
-        return y;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the pole of the circle.
-     * <p>
-     * As the circle is a great circle, the pole does <em>not</em>
-     * belong to it.
-     * </p>
-     * @return pole of the circle
-     * @see #getXAxis()
-     * @see #getYAxis()
-     */
-    public Vector3D getPole() {
-        return pole;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the arc of the instance that lies inside the other circle.
-     * @param other other circle
-     * @return arc of the instance that lies inside the other circle
-     */
-    public Arc getInsideArc(final Circle other) {
-        final double alpha  = getPhase(other.pole);
-        final double halfPi = 0.5 * FastMath.PI;
-        return new Arc(alpha - halfPi, alpha + halfPi, tolerance);
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public SubCircle wholeHyperplane() {
-        return new SubCircle(this, new ArcsSet(tolerance));
-    }
-
-    /** Build a region covering the whole space.
-     * @return a region containing the instance (really a {@link
-     * SphericalPolygonsSet SphericalPolygonsSet} instance)
-     */
-    public SphericalPolygonsSet wholeSpace() {
-        return new SphericalPolygonsSet(tolerance);
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc}
-     * @see #getOffset(Vector3D)
-     */
-    public double getOffset(final Point<Sphere2D> point) {
-        return getOffset(((S2Point) point).getVector());
-    }
-
-    /** Get the offset (oriented distance) of a direction.
-     * <p>The offset is defined as the angular distance between the
-     * circle center and the direction minus the circle radius. It
-     * is therefore 0 on the circle, positive for directions outside of
-     * the cone delimited by the circle, and negative inside the cone.</p>
-     * @param direction direction to check
-     * @return offset of the direction
-     * @see #getOffset(Point)
-     */
-    public double getOffset(final Vector3D direction) {
-        return Vector3D.angle(pole, direction) - 0.5 * FastMath.PI;
-    }
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    public boolean sameOrientationAs(final Hyperplane<Sphere2D> other) {
-        final Circle otherC = (Circle) other;
-        return Vector3D.dotProduct(pole, otherC.pole) >= 0.0;
-    }
-
-    /** Get a {@link org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.Transform
-     * Transform} embedding a 3D rotation.
-     * @param rotation rotation to use
-     * @return a new transform that can be applied to either {@link
-     * Point Point}, {@link Circle Line} or {@link
-     * org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.partitioning.SubHyperplane
-     * SubHyperplane} instances
-     */
-    public static Transform<Sphere2D, Sphere1D> getTransform(final Rotation rotation) {
-        return new CircleTransform(rotation);
-    }
-
-    /** Class embedding a 3D rotation. */
-    private static class CircleTransform implements Transform<Sphere2D, Sphere1D> {
-
-        /** Underlying rotation. */
-        private final Rotation rotation;
-
-        /** Build a transform from a {@code Rotation}.
-         * @param rotation rotation to use
-         */
-        public CircleTransform(final Rotation rotation) {
-            this.rotation = rotation;
-        }
-
-        /** {@inheritDoc} */
-        public S2Point apply(final Point<Sphere2D> point) {
-            return new S2Point(rotation.applyTo(((S2Point) point).getVector()));
-        }
-
-        /** {@inheritDoc} */
-        public Circle apply(final Hyperplane<Sphere2D> hyperplane) {
-            final Circle circle = (Circle) hyperplane;
-            return new Circle(rotation.applyTo(circle.pole),
-                              rotation.applyTo(circle.x),
-                              rotation.applyTo(circle.y),
-                              circle.tolerance);
-        }
-
-        /** {@inheritDoc} */
-        public SubHyperplane<Sphere1D> apply(final SubHyperplane<Sphere1D> sub,
-                                             final Hyperplane<Sphere2D> original,
-                                             final Hyperplane<Sphere2D> transformed) {
-            // as the circle is rotated, the limit angles are rotated too
-            return sub;
-        }
-
-    }
-
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/twod/Edge.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/twod/Edge.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/twod/Edge.java
deleted file mode 100644
index a9ccb08..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/spherical/twod/Edge.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.twod;
-
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed.Vector3D;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.spherical.oned.Arc;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
-
-/** Spherical polygons boundary edge.
- * @see SphericalPolygonsSet#getBoundaryLoops()
- * @see Vertex
- * @since 3.3
- */
-public class Edge {
-
-    /** Start vertex. */
-    private final Vertex start;
-
-    /** End vertex. */
-    private Vertex end;
-
-    /** Length of the arc. */
-    private final double length;
-
-    /** Circle supporting the edge. */
-    private final Circle circle;
-
-    /** Build an edge not contained in any node yet.
-     * @param start start vertex
-     * @param end end vertex
-     * @param length length of the arc (it can be greater than \( \pi \))
-     * @param circle circle supporting the edge
-     */
-    Edge(final Vertex start, final Vertex end, final double length, final Circle circle) {
-
-        this.start  = start;
-        this.end    = end;
-        this.length = length;
-        this.circle = circle;
-
-        // connect the vertices back to the edge
-        start.setOutgoing(this);
-        end.setIncoming(this);
-
-    }
-
-    /** Get start vertex.
-     * @return start vertex
-     */
-    public Vertex getStart() {
-        return start;
-    }
-
-    /** Get end vertex.
-     * @return end vertex
-     */
-    public Vertex getEnd() {
-        return end;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the length of the arc.
-     * @return length of the arc (can be greater than \( \pi \))
-     */
-    public double getLength() {
-        return length;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the circle supporting this edge.
-     * @return circle supporting this edge
-     */
-    public Circle getCircle() {
-        return circle;
-    }
-
-    /** Get an intermediate point.
-     * <p>
-     * The angle along the edge should normally be between 0 and {@link #getLength()}
-     * in order to remain within edge limits. However, there are no checks on the
-     * value of the angle, so user can rebuild the full circle on which an edge is
-     * defined if they want.
-     * </p>
-     * @param alpha angle along the edge, counted from {@link #getStart()}
-     * @return an intermediate point
-     */
-    public Vector3D getPointAt(final double alpha) {
-        return circle.getPointAt(alpha + circle.getPhase(start.getLocation().getVector()));
-    }
-
-    /** Connect the instance with a following edge.
-     * @param next edge following the instance
-     */
-    void setNextEdge(final Edge next) {
-        end = next.getStart();
-        end.setIncoming(this);
-        end.bindWith(getCircle());
-    }
-
-    /** Split the edge.
-     * <p>
-     * Once split, this edge is not referenced anymore by the vertices,
-     * it is replaced by the two or three sub-edges and intermediate splitting
-     * vertices are introduced to connect these sub-edges together.
-     * </p>
-     * @param splitCircle circle splitting the edge in several parts
-     * @param outsideList list where to put parts that are outside of the split circle
-     * @param insideList list where to put parts that are inside the split circle
-     */
-    void split(final Circle splitCircle,
-                       final List<Edge> outsideList, final List<Edge> insideList) {
-
-        // get the inside arc, synchronizing its phase with the edge itself
-        final double edgeStart        = circle.getPhase(start.getLocation().getVector());
-        final Arc    arc              = circle.getInsideArc(splitCircle);
-        final double arcRelativeStart = MathUtils.normalizeAngle(arc.getInf(), edgeStart + FastMath.PI) - edgeStart;
-        final double arcRelativeEnd   = arcRelativeStart + arc.getSize();
-        final double unwrappedEnd     = arcRelativeEnd - MathUtils.TWO_PI;
-
-        // build the sub-edges
-        final double tolerance = circle.getTolerance();
-        Vertex previousVertex = start;
-        if (unwrappedEnd >= length - tolerance) {
-
-            // the edge is entirely contained inside the circle
-            // we don't split anything
-            insideList.add(this);
-
-        } else {
-
-            // there are at least some parts of the edge that should be outside
-            // (even is they are later be filtered out as being too small)
-            double alreadyManagedLength = 0;
-            if (unwrappedEnd >= 0) {
-                // the start of the edge is inside the circle
-                previousVertex = addSubEdge(previousVertex,
-                                            new Vertex(new S2Point(circle.getPointAt(edgeStart + unwrappedEnd))),
-                                            unwrappedEnd, insideList, splitCircle);
-                alreadyManagedLength = unwrappedEnd;
-            }
-
-            if (arcRelativeStart >= length - tolerance) {
-                // the edge ends while still outside of the circle
-                if (unwrappedEnd >= 0) {
-                    previousVertex = addSubEdge(previousVertex, end,
-                                                length - alreadyManagedLength, outsideList, splitCircle);
-                } else {
-                    // the edge is entirely outside of the circle
-                    // we don't split anything
-                    outsideList.add(this);
-                }
-            } else {
-                // the edge is long enough to enter inside the circle
-                previousVertex = addSubEdge(previousVertex,
-                                            new Vertex(new S2Point(circle.getPointAt(edgeStart + arcRelativeStart))),
-                                            arcRelativeStart - alreadyManagedLength, outsideList, splitCircle);
-                alreadyManagedLength = arcRelativeStart;
-
-                if (arcRelativeEnd >= length - tolerance) {
-                    // the edge ends while still inside of the circle
-                    previousVertex = addSubEdge(previousVertex, end,
-                                                length - alreadyManagedLength, insideList, splitCircle);
-                } else {
-                    // the edge is long enough to exit outside of the circle
-                    previousVertex = addSubEdge(previousVertex,
-                                                new Vertex(new S2Point(circle.getPointAt(edgeStart + arcRelativeStart))),
-                                                arcRelativeStart - alreadyManagedLength, insideList, splitCircle);
-                    alreadyManagedLength = arcRelativeStart;
-                    previousVertex = addSubEdge(previousVertex, end,
-                                                length - alreadyManagedLength, outsideList, splitCircle);
-                }
-            }
-
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /** Add a sub-edge to a list if long enough.
-     * <p>
-     * If the length of the sub-edge to add is smaller than the {@link Circle#getTolerance()}
-     * tolerance of the support circle, it will be ignored.
-     * </p>
-     * @param subStart start of the sub-edge
-     * @param subEnd end of the sub-edge
-     * @param subLength length of the sub-edge
-     * @param splitCircle circle splitting the edge in several parts
-     * @param list list where to put the sub-edge
-     * @return end vertex of the edge ({@code subEnd} if the edge was long enough and really
-     * added, {@code subStart} if the edge was too small and therefore ignored)
-     */
-    private Vertex addSubEdge(final Vertex subStart, final Vertex subEnd, final double subLength,
-                              final List<Edge> list, final Circle splitCircle) {
-
-        if (subLength <= circle.getTolerance()) {
-            // the edge is too short, we ignore it
-            return subStart;
-        }
-
-        // really add the edge
-        subEnd.bindWith(splitCircle);
-        final Edge edge = new Edge(subStart, subEnd, subLength, circle);
-        list.add(edge);
-        return subEnd;
-
-    }
-
-}