[PR] Throw TooManyClauses on intervals over-expansion [lucene]

["mayya-sharipova (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>]

mayya-sharipova opened a new pull request, #16899:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/16899

   ### Description
   
   Multi-term intervals sources (`prefix`, `wildcard`, `regexp`, `fuzzyTerm`, `range` and `multiterm`) throw `IllegalStateException` when they expand to more than `maxExpansions` terms. Lucene uses exception types this way:
   - `IllegalArgumentException`: invalid arguments, detected when the query is built
   - `IllegalStateException`: invalid internal state
   - `IndexSearcher.TooManyClauses`: a query that expands to too many terms (its javadoc names prefix, wildcard and range expansion)
   
   Going over `maxExpansions` is not an invalid internal state. The query matched more terms than its limit allows, so the error comes from the caller's query. This PR throws `TooManyClauses` instead. Applications built on Lucene can then catch this case by type and report it as a user error, without matching on the message of a generic `IllegalStateException`. `maxExpansions` is already capped at `IndexSearcher#getMaxClauseCount`.
   
   Intervals expand terms per segment when the scorer or matches are built, not during rewrite. So this exception reaches callers during search execution, where they can't tell it apart from a real `IllegalStateException`. For example, Elasticsearch returns HTTP 500 for an `intervals` query whose `regexp` rule matches too many terms, when it should be a 400 (elastic/elasticsearch#162297).
   
   Changes:
   - `MultiTermIntervalsSource#intervals` and `#matches` throw `IndexSearcher.TooManyClauses`. The message is the same as before. The `matches()` path now reports the pattern, not the last matched term, so both paths give the same message.
   - The `@throws` javadoc on the `Intervals` factory methods is updated.
   - `TestIntervals` expects the new type, and a new check covers the `matches()` path.
   
   This changes the exception type that callers see, so it targets `main` only.
   
   🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)
   


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