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Posted to commits@jena.apache.org by ij...@apache.org on 2011/11/05 02:10:35 UTC
svn commit: r1197854 - in /incubator/jena/site/trunk:
content/jena/tutorials/ content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ templates/
Author: ijd
Date: Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
New Revision: 1197854
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?rev=1197854&view=rev
Log:
Added SPARQL tutorial material to tutorials section
Added:
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/index.mdtext
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/rdf_api.mdtext
- copied unchanged from r1197589, incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/index.mdtext
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_basic_patterns.mdtext
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data.mdtext
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-dft.ttl
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-ng-1.ttl
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-ng-2.ttl
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp1.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp2.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp3.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp4.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-1.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-2.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-3.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-4.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-5.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-f1.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-f2.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt1.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt2.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt3.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt4.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union1.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union1alt.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union2.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union3.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q1.rq
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/vc-db-3.ttl
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_datasets.mdtext
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_filters.mdtext
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_optionals.mdtext
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_page.mdtext
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_query1.mdtext
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_results.mdtext
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_union.mdtext
Modified:
incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql.mdtext
incubator/jena/site/trunk/templates/sidenav.mdtext
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/index.mdtext
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/index.mdtext?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/index.mdtext (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/index.mdtext Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Title: Jena tutorials
+
+The following tutorials take a step-by-step approach to explaining aspects of
+RDF and linked-data applications programming in Jena. For a more task-oriented
+description, please see the [getting started](/jena/getting_started/) guide.
+
+- [RDF core API tutorial](rdf_api.html)
+- [SPARQL tutorial](sparql.html)
+- [Using Jena with Eclipse](using_jena_with_eclipse.html)
Modified: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql.mdtext
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql.mdtext?rev=1197854&r1=1197853&r2=1197854&view=diff
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql.mdtext (original)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql.mdtext Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -1,3 +1,47 @@
-Title: SPARQL tutorial
+Title: SPARQL Tutorial
-Coming soon.
+The objective of this SPARQL tutorial is to give a fast course in
+SPARQL. The tutorial covers the major features of the query
+language through examples but does not aim to be complete.
+
+If you are looking for a short introduction to SPARQL and Jena try
+[Search RDF data with SPARQL](http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/j-sparql/)
+
+SPARQL is a
+[query language](http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/) and a
+[protocol](http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/) for accessing
+RDF designed by the
+[W3C RDF Data Access Working Group](http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/DataAccess/).Â
+
+As a query language, SPARQL is "data-oriented" in that it only
+queries the information held in the models; there is no inference
+in the query language itself. Of course, the Jena model may be
+'smart' in that it provides the impression that certain triples
+exist by creating them on-demand, including OWL reasoning. SPARQL
+does not do anything other than take the description of what the
+application wants, in the form of a query, and returns that
+information, in the form of a set of bindings or an RDF graph.
+
+## SPARQL tutorial
+
+1. [Preliminaries: data!](sparql_data.html)
+2. [Executing a simple query](sparql_query1.html)
+3. [Basic patterns](sparql_basic_patterns.html)
+4. [Value constraints](sparql_filters.html)
+5. [Optional information](sparql_optionals.html)
+6. [Alternatives](sparql_union.html)
+7. [Named Graphs](sparql_datasets.html)
+8. [Results](sparql_results.html)
+
+## Other Material
+
+- The
+ [SPARQL query language definition document](http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/)
+ itself contains many examples.
+- [Search RDF data with SPARQL](http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/j-sparql/)
+ (by Phil McCarthy) - article published on IBM developer works about
+ SPARQL and Jena.
+- [SPARQL reference card](http://www.ilrt.bris.ac.uk/people/cmdjb/2005/04-sparql/)
+ (by [Dave Beckett](http://www.ilrt.bristol.ac.uk/people/cmdjb/))
+
+Detailed [ARQ documentation](/jena/documentation/sparql)
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_basic_patterns.mdtext
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_basic_patterns.mdtext?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_basic_patterns.mdtext (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_basic_patterns.mdtext Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+Title: SPARQL Tutorial - Basic Patterns
+
+This section covers basic patterns and solutions, the main building
+blocks of SPARQL queries.
+
+## Solutions
+
+Query solutions are a set of pairs of a variable name with a value.
+A `SELECT` query directly exposes the solutions (after
+order/limit/offset are applied) as the result set - other query
+forms use the solutions to make an graph. The solution is the way
+the pattern matched - which values the variables must take for a
+pattern to match.
+
+The first query example had a single solution. Change the pattern
+to this second query: ([q-bp1.rq](sparql_data/q-bp1.rq)):
+
+ SELECT ?x ?fname
+ WHERE {?x <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#FN> ?fname}
+
+This has 4 solutions, one for each VCARD name property triples in
+the data source
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------
+ | x | name |
+ ====================================================
+ | <http://somewhere/RebeccaSmith/> | "Becky Smith" |
+ | <http://somewhere/SarahJones/> | "Sarah Jones" |
+ | <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> | "John Smith" |
+ | <http://somewhere/MattJones/> | "Matt Jones" |
+ ----------------------------------------------------
+
+So far, with triple patterns and basic patterns, every variable
+will be defined in every solution. The solutions to a query can be
+thought of a table, but in the general case, it is a table where
+not every row will have a value for every column. All the solutions
+to a given SPARQL query don't have to have values for all the
+variables in every solution as we shall see later.
+
+## Basic Patterns
+
+A basic pattern is a set of triple patterns. It matches when the
+triple patterns all match with the same value used each time the
+variable with the same name is used.
+
+ SELECT ?givenName
+ WHERE
+ { ?y <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#Family> "Smith" .
+ ?y <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#Given> ?givenName .
+ }
+
+This query ([q-bp2.rq](sparql_data/q-bp2.rq))involves two triple patterns, each
+triple ends in a '.' (but the dot after the last one can be omitted
+like it was in the one triple pattern example). The variable y has
+to be the same for each triple pattern match. The the solutions
+are:
+
+ -------------
+ | givenName |
+ =============
+ | "John" |
+ | "Rebecca" |
+ -------------
+
+### QNames
+
+There is shorthand mechanism for writing long URIs using prefixes.
+The query above is more clearly written as the query
+([q-bp3.rq](sparql_data/q-bp3.rq)):
+
+ PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?givenName
+ WHERE
+ { ?y vcard:Family "Smith" .
+ ?y vcard:Given ?givenName .
+ }
+
+This is a prefixing mechanism - the two parts of the URIs, from the
+prefix declaration and from the part after the ":" in the qname,
+are concatenated together. This is strictly not what an XML qname
+is but uses the RDF rule for turning a qname into a URI by
+concatenating the parts.
+
+### Blank Nodes
+
+Change the query just a little to return y as well
+([q-bp4.rq](q-bp4.rq)) :
+
+ PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?y ?givenName
+ WHERE
+ { ?y vcard:Family "Smith" .
+ ?y vcard:Given ?givenName .
+ }
+
+and the blank nodes appear
+
+ --------------------
+ | y | givenName |
+ ====================
+ | _:b0 | "John" |
+ | _:b1 | "Rebecca" |
+ --------------------
+
+as odd looking qnames starting \_:. This isn't the internal label
+for the blank node - it is ARQ printing them out that assigned the
+\_:b0, \_:b1 to show when two blank nodes are the same. Here they
+are different. It does not reveal the internal label used for the
+blank node although that is available when using the Java API.
+
+[Next: Filters](sparql_filters.html)
+
+
+
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data.mdtext
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data.mdtext?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data.mdtext (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data.mdtext Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+Title: SPARQL Tutorial - Data Formats
+
+First, we need to be clear about what data is being queried. SPARQL
+queries RDF graphs. An RDF graph is a set of triples (Jena calls
+RDF graphs "models" and triples "statements" because that is what
+they were called at the time the Jena API was first designed).
+
+It is important to realize that it is the triples that matter, not
+the serialization. The serialization is just a way to write the
+triples down. RDF/XML is the W3C recommendation but it can
+difficult to see the triples in this serialized becuae ethere are
+multiple ways to encode the same graph. In this tutorial, we use a
+more "triple-like" serialization, called
+[Turtle](http://www.ilrt.bris.ac.uk/discovery/2004/01/turtle/) (see
+also N3 language described in the
+[W3C semantic web primer](http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/Primer)).
+
+We will start with the simple data in [vc-db-1.rdf](sparql_data/vc-db-1.rdf):
+this file contains RDF for a number of vCard descriptions of
+people. vCards are described in
+[RFC2426](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt) and the RDF
+translation is described in the W3C note
+"[Representing vCard Objects in RDF/XML](http://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf.html)".Â
+Our example database just contains some name information.
+
+Graphically, the data looks like:
+
+
+
+In triples, this might look like:
+
+ @prefix vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> .
+ @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+ @prefix : <#> .
+
+ <http://somewhere/MattJones/>
+ vCard:FN "Matt Jones" ;
+ vCard:N [ vCard:Family
+ "Jones" ;
+ vCard:Given
+ "Matthew"
+ ] .
+
+ <http://somewhere/RebeccaSmith/>
+ vCard:FN "Becky Smith" ;
+ vCard:N [ vCard:Family
+ "Smith" ;
+ vCard:Given
+ "Rebecca"
+ ] .
+
+ <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/>
+ vCard:FN "John Smith" ;
+ vCard:N [ vCard:Family
+ "Smith" ;
+ vCard:Given
+ "John"
+ ] .
+
+ <http://somewhere/SarahJones/>
+ vCard:FN "Sarah Jones" ;
+ vCard:N [ vCard:Family
+ "Jones" ;
+ vCard:Given
+ "Sarah"
+ ] .
+
+or even more explicitly as triples:
+
+ @prefix vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> .
+ @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+
+ <http://somewhere/MattJones/> vCard:FN "Matt Jones" .
+ <http://somewhere/MattJones/> vCard:N _:b0 .
+ _:b0 vCard:Family "Jones" .
+ _:b0 vCard:Given "Matthew" .
+
+
+ <http://somewhere/RebeccaSmith/> vCard:FN "Becky Smith" .
+ <http://somewhere/RebeccaSmith/> vCard:N _:b1 .
+ _:b1 vCard:Family "Smith" .
+ _:b1 vCard:Given "Rebecca" .
+
+ <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> vCard:FN "John Smith" .
+ <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> vCard:N _:b2 .
+ _:b2 vCard:Family "Smith" .
+ _:b2 vCard:Given "John" .
+
+ <http://somewhere/SarahJones/> vCard:FN "Sarah Jones" .
+ <http://somewhere/SarahJones/> vCard:N _:b3 .
+ _:b3 vCard:Family "Jones" .
+ _:b3 vCard:Given "Sarah" .
+
+It is important to realize that these are the same RDF graph and
+that the triples in the graph are in no particular order. They are
+just written in related groups above for the human reader - the
+machine does not care.
+
+[Next: A Simple Query](sparql_query1.html)
+
+
+
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-dft.ttl
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-dft.ttl?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-dft.ttl (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-dft.ttl Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+@prefix web: <http://example/> .
+
+<ds-ng-1.ttl> dc:date "2005-07-14T03:18:56+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
+<ds-ng-2.ttl> dc:date "2005-09-22T05:53:05+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime .
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-ng-1.ttl
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-ng-1.ttl?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-ng-1.ttl (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-ng-1.ttl Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+
+[] dc:title "Harry Potter and the Philospher's Stone" .
+[] dc:title "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" .
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-ng-2.ttl
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-ng-2.ttl?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-ng-2.ttl (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/ds-ng-2.ttl Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+
+[] dc:title "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" .
+[] dc:title "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" .
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp1.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp1.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp1.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp1.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+SELECT ?x ?name
+WHERE
+ { ?x <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#FN> ?name }
+
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp2.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp2.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp2.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp2.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+SELECT ?givenName
+WHERE
+ { ?y <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#Family> "Smith" .
+ ?y <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#Given> ?givenName .
+ }
+
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp3.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp3.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp3.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp3.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+SELECT ?givenName
+WHERE
+ { ?y vcard:Family "Smith" .
+ ?y vcard:Given ?givenName .
+ }
+
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp4.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp4.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp4.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-bp4.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+SELECT ?y ?givenName
+WHERE
+ { ?y vcard:Family "Smith" .
+ ?y vcard:Given ?givenName .
+ }
+
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-1.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-1.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-1.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-1.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
+PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
+PREFIX : <.>
+
+SELECT *
+{ ?s ?p ?o }
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-2.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-2.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-2.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-2.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
+PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
+PREFIX : <.>
+
+SELECT *
+{
+ { ?s ?p ?o } UNION { GRAPH ?g { ?s ?p ?o } }
+}
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-3.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-3.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-3.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-3.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
+PREFIX : <.>
+
+SELECT ?title
+{
+ GRAPH :ds-ng-2.ttl
+ { ?b dc:title ?title }
+}
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-4.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-4.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-4.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-4.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
+PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
+PREFIX : <.>
+
+SELECT ?date ?title
+{
+ ?g dc:date ?date . FILTER (?date > "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime )
+ GRAPH ?g
+ { ?b dc:title ?title }
+}
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-5.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-5.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-5.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-ds-5.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
+PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
+PREFIX : <.>
+
+SELECT *
+FROM <ds-dft.ttl>
+FROM NAMED <ds-ng-1.ttl>
+FROM NAMED <ds-ng-2.ttl>
+{
+ { ?s ?p ?o } UNION { GRAPH ?g { ?s ?p ?o } }
+}
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-f1.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-f1.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-f1.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-f1.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+SELECT ?g
+WHERE
+ { ?y vcard:Given ?g . FILTER regex(?g, "r", "i") }
+
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-f2.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-f2.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-f2.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-f2.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PREFIX info: <http://somewhere/peopleInfo#>
+
+SELECT ?resource
+WHERE
+ {
+ ?resource info:age ?age .
+ FILTER (?age >= 24)
+ }
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt1.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt1.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt1.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt1.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Optional example
+PREFIX info: <http://somewhere/peopleInfo#>
+PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+SELECT ?name ?age
+WHERE
+{
+ ?person vcard:FN ?name .
+ OPTIONAL { ?person info:age ?age }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt2.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt2.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt2.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt2.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Optional example
+PREFIX info: <http://somewhere/peopleInfo#>
+PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+SELECT ?name ?age
+WHERE
+{
+ ?person vcard:FN ?name .
+ ?person info:age ?age .
+}
\ No newline at end of file
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt3.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt3.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt3.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt3.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Optional example
+PREFIX info: <http://somewhere/peopleInfo#>
+PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+SELECT ?name ?age
+WHERE
+{
+ ?person vcard:FN ?name .
+ OPTIONAL { ?person info:age ?age . FILTER ( ?age > 24 ) }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt4.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt4.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt4.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-opt4.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Optional example
+PREFIX info: <http://somewhere/peopleInfo#>
+PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+SELECT ?name ?age
+WHERE
+{
+ ?person vcard:FN ?name .
+ OPTIONAL { ?person info:age ?age . }
+ FILTER ( !bound(?age) || ?age > 24 )
+}
\ No newline at end of file
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union1.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union1.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union1.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union1.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+PREFIX vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+SELECT ?name
+WHERE
+{
+ { [] foaf:name ?name } UNION { [] vCard:FN ?name }
+}
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union1alt.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union1alt.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union1alt.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union1alt.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+PREFIX vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+SELECT ?name
+WHERE
+{
+ [] ?p ?name
+ FILTER (?p = foaf:name || ?p = vCard:FN)
+}
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union2.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union2.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union2.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union2.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+PREFIX vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+SELECT ?name1 ?name2
+WHERE
+{
+ { [] foaf:name ?name1 } UNION { [] vCard:FN ?name2 }
+}
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union3.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union3.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union3.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q-union3.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+PREFIX vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+SELECT ?name1 ?name2
+WHERE
+{
+ ?x a foaf:Person
+ OPTIONAL { ?x foaf:name ?name1 }
+ OPTIONAL { ?x vCard:FN ?name2 }
+}
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q1.rq
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q1.rq?rev=1197854&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q1.rq (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/q1.rq Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+SELECT ?x
+WHERE
+ { ?x <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#FN> "John Smith" }
+
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/vc-db-3.ttl
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/vc-db-3.ttl?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/vc-db-3.ttl (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_data/vc-db-3.ttl Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@prefix vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> .
+
+_:a a foaf:Person ;
+ foaf:name "Matt Jones" .
+
+_:b a foaf:Person ;
+ foaf:name "Sarah Jones" .
+
+_:c a foaf:Person ;
+ vcard:FN "Becky Smith" .
+
+_:d a foaf:Person ;
+ vcard:FN "John Smith" .
+
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_datasets.mdtext
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_datasets.mdtext?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_datasets.mdtext (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_datasets.mdtext Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+Title: SPARQL Tutorial - Datasets
+
+This section covers RDF Datasets - an RDF Dataset is the unit that
+is queried by a SPARQL query. It consists of a default graph, and a
+number of named graphs.
+
+## Querying datasets
+
+The graph matching operation
+([basic patterns](sparql_basic_patterns.html),
+[`OPTIONAL`s](sparql_optionals.html), and [`UNION`s](sparql_union.html)) work on
+one RDF graph. This starts out being the default graph of the
+dataset but it can be changed by the `GRAPH` keyword.
+ GRAPH uri { ... pattern ... }
+
+ GRAPH var { ... pattern ... }
+
+If a URI is given, the pattern will be matched against the graph in
+the dataset with that name - if there isn't one, the `GRAPH` clause
+fails to match at all.
+
+If a variable is given, all the named graphs (not the default
+graph) are tried. The variable may be used elsewhere so that if,
+during execution, it's value is already known for a solution, only
+the specific named graph is tried.
+
+### Example Data
+
+An RDF dataset can take a variety of forms. Two common setups are
+to have the default graph being the union (the RDF merge) of all
+the named graphs and to have the default graph be an inventory of
+the named graphs (where they came from, when they were read etc).Â
+There are no limitations - one graph can be included twice under
+different names, or some graphs may share triples with others.
+
+In the examples below we will use the following dataset that might
+occur for an RDF aggregator of book details:
+
+Default graph ([ds-dft.ttl](sparql_data/ds-dft.ttl)):
+
+ @prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+ @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+
+ <ds-ng-1.ttl> dc:date "2005-07-14T03:18:56+0100"^^xsd:dateTime .
+ <ds-ng-2.ttl> dc:date "2005-09-22T05:53:05+0100"^^xsd:dateTime .
+
+Named graph ([ds-ng-1.ttl](sparql_data/ds-ng-1.ttl)):
+
+ @prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+
+ [] dc:title "Harry Potter and the Philospher's Stone" .
+ [] dc:title "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" .
+
+Named graph ([ds-ng-2.ttl](sparql_data/ds-ng-2.ttl)):
+
+ @prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+
+ [] dc:title "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" .
+ [] dc:title "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" .
+
+That is, we have two small graphs describing some books, and we
+have a default graph which records when these graphs were last
+read
+
+Queries can be run with the command line application (this would be
+all one line):
+
+ java -cp ... arq.sparql
+ --graph ds-dft.ttl --namedgraph ds-ng-1.ttl --namedgraph ds-ng-2.ttl
+ --query query file
+
+Datasets don't have to created just for the lifetime of the query.Â
+They can be created and stored in a database, as would be more
+usual for an aggregator application.
+
+### Accessing the Dataset
+
+The first example just accesses the default graph
+([q-ds-1.rq](sparql_data/q-ds-1.rq)):
+
+ PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
+ PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
+ PREFIX : <.>
+
+ SELECT *
+ { ?s ?p ?o }
+
+(The "`PREFIX : <.>`"Â just helps format the output)
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ | s | p | o |
+ ======================================================================
+ | :ds-ng-2.ttl | dc:date | "2005-09-22T05:53:05+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime |
+ | :ds-ng-1.ttl | dc:date | "2005-07-14T03:18:56+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime |
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This is the default graph only - nothing from the named graphs
+because they aren't queried unless explicitly indicated via
+`GRAPH`.
+
+We can query for all triples by querying the default graph and the
+named graphs ([q-ds-2.rq](sparql_data/q-ds-2.rq)):
+
+ PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
+ PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
+ PREFIX : <.>
+
+ SELECT *
+ {
+ { ?s ?p ?o } UNION { GRAPH ?g { ?s ?p ?o } }
+ }
+
+giving:
+
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ | s | p | o | g |
+ =======================================================================================
+ | :ds-ng-2.ttl | dc:date | "2005-09-22T05:53:05+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime | |
+ | :ds-ng-1.ttl | dc:date | "2005-07-14T03:18:56+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime | |
+ | _:b0 | dc:title | "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" | :ds-ng-2.ttl |
+ | _:b1 | dc:title | "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" | :ds-ng-2.ttl |
+ | _:b2 | dc:title | "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" | :ds-ng-1.ttl |
+ | _:b3 | dc:title | "Harry Potter and the Philospher's Stone" | :ds-ng-1.ttl |
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Querying a specific graph
+
+If the application knows the name graph, it can directly ask a
+query such as finding all the titles in a given graph
+([q-ds-3.rq](sparql_data/q-ds-3.rq)):
+
+ PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
+ PREFIX : <.>
+
+ SELECT ?title
+ {
+ GRAPH :ds-ng-2.ttl
+ { ?b dc:title ?title }
+ }
+
+Results:
+
+ ---------------------------------------------
+ | title |
+ =============================================
+ | "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" |
+ | "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" |
+ ---------------------------------------------
+
+### Querying to find data from graphs that match a pattern
+
+The name of the graphs to be queried can be determined with the
+query itself. The same process for variables applies whether they
+are part of a graph pattern or the `GRAPH` form. The query below
+([q-ds-4.rq](sparql_data/q-ds-4.rq)) sets a condition on the variable used to
+select named graphs, based on information in the default graph.
+
+ PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
+ PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
+ PREFIX : <.>
+
+ SELECT ?date ?title
+ {
+ ?g dc:date ?date . FILTER (?date > "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime )
+ GRAPH ?g
+ { ?b dc:title ?title }
+ }
+
+The results of executing this query on the example dataset are the
+titles in one of the graphs, the one with the date later than 1
+August 2005.
+
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ | date | title |
+ =========================================================================================
+ | "2005-09-22T05:53:05+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime | "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" |
+ | "2005-09-22T05:53:05+01:00"^^xsd:dateTime | "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" |
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+## Describing RDF Datasets - `FROM` and `FROM NAMED`
+
+A query execution can be given the dataset when the execution
+object is built or it can be described in the query itself. When
+the details are on the command line, a temporary dataset is created
+but an application can create datasets and then use them in many
+queries.
+
+When described in the query, `FROM <i>url</i>` is used to identify
+the contents to be in the default graph. There can be more than one
+`FROM` clause and the default graph is result of reading each file
+into the default graph. It is the RDF merge of the individual
+graphs.
+
+Don't be confused by the fact the default graph is described by one
+or more URLs in `FROM` clauses. This is where the data is read
+from, not the name of the graph. As several FROM clauses can be
+given, the data can be read in from several places but none of them
+become the graph name.
+
+`FROM NAMED <i>url</i>` is used to identify a named graph. The
+graph is given the name *url* and the data is read from that
+location. Multiple `FROM NAMED` clauses cause multiple graphs to be
+added to the dataset.
+
+Note that graphs are loaded with the Jena FileManager which
+includes the ability to provide alternative locations for files.
+For example, the query may have `FROM NAMED <http://example/data>`,
+and the data actually be read from `file:local.rdf`. The name of
+the graph will be <http://example/data\> as in the query.
+
+For example, the query to find all the triples in both default
+graph and named graphs could be written as
+([q-ds-5.rq](sparql_data/q-ds-5.rq)):
+
+ PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
+ PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
+ PREFIX : <.>
+
+ SELECT *
+ FROM <ds-dft.ttl>
+ FROM NAMED <ds-ng-1.ttl>
+ FROM NAMED <ds-ng-2.ttl>
+ {
+ { ?s ?p ?o } UNION { GRAPH ?g { ?s ?p ?o } }
+ }
+
+[Next: results](sparql_results.html)
+
+
+
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_filters.mdtext
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_filters.mdtext?rev=1197854&view=auto
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_filters.mdtext (added)
+++ incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_filters.mdtext Sat Nov 5 01:10:34 2011
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+Title: SPARQL Tutorial - Filters
+
+Graph matching allows patterns in the graph to be found. This
+section describes how the values in a solution can be restricted.
+There are many comparisons available - we just cover two cases
+here.
+
+## String Matching
+
+SPARQL provides an operation to test strings, based on regular
+expressions. This includes the ability to ask SQL "LIKE" style
+tests, although the syntax of the regular expression is different
+from SQL.
+
+The syntax is:
+
+ FILTER regex(?x, "pattern" [, "flags"])
+
+The flags argument is optional. The flag "i" means a
+case-insensitive pattern match is done.
+
+The example query ([q-f1.rq](sparql_data/q-f1.rq)) finds given names with an
+"r" or "R" in them.
+
+ PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?g
+ WHERE
+ { ?y vcard:Given ?g .
+ FILTER regex(?g, "r", "i") }
+
+with the results:
+
+ -------------
+ | g |
+ =============
+ | "Rebecca" |
+ | "Sarah" |
+ -------------
+
+The regular expression language is the same as the
+[XQuery regular expression language](http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-functions/#regex-syntax)
+which is codified version of that found in Perl.
+
+## Testing Values
+
+There are times when the application wants to filter on the value
+of a variable. In the data file [vc-db-2.rdf](sparql_data/vc-db-2.rdf), we
+have added an extra field for age. Age is not defined by the vCard
+schema so we have created a new property for the purpose of this
+tutorial. RDF allows such mixing of different definitions of
+information because URIs are unique. Note also that the `info:age`
+property value is typed.
+
+In this extract of the data, we show the typed value. It can also
+be written plain 23.
+
+ <http://somewhere/RebeccaSmith/>
+ info:age "23"^^xsd:integer ;
+ vCard:FN "Becky Smith" ;
+ vCard:N [ vCard:Family "Smith" ;
+ vCard:Given "Rebecca" ] .
+
+So, a query ([q-f2.rq](sparql_data/q-f2.rq)) to find the names of people who
+are older than 24 is:
+
+ PREFIX info: <http://somewhere/peopleInfo#>
+
+ SELECT ?resource
+ WHERE
+ {
+ ?resource info:age ?age .
+ FILTER (?age >= 24)
+ }
+
+The arithmetic expression must be in parentheses (round brackets).Â
+The only solution is:
+
+ ---------------------------------
+ | resource |
+ =================================
+ | <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> |
+ ---------------------------------
+
+Just one match, resulting in the resource URI for John Smith.
+Turning this round to ask for those less than 24 also yields one
+match for Rebecca Smith. Nothing about the Jones's.
+
+The database contains no age information about the Jones: there are
+no info:age properties on these vCards so the variable `age` did
+not get a value and so was not tested by the filter.
+
+[Next: Optionals](sparql_optionals.html)
+
+
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+Title: SPARQL Tutorial - Optional Information
+
+RDF is semi-structured data so SPARQL has a the ability to query
+for data but not to fail query when that data does not exist. The
+query is using an optional part to extend the information found in
+a query solution but to return the non-optional information
+anyway.
+
+## OPTIONALs
+
+This query ([q-opt1.rq](sparql_data/q-opt1.rq)) gets the name of a person and
+also their age if that piece of information is available.
+
+ PREFIX info: <http://somewhere/peopleInfo#>
+ PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?name ?age
+ WHERE
+ {
+ ?person vcard:FN ?name .
+ OPTIONAL { ?person info:age ?age }
+ }
+
+Two of the four people in the data ([vc-db-2.rdf](sparql_data/vc-db-2.rdf))have
+age properties so two of the query solutions have that
+information. However, because the triple pattern for the age is
+optional, there is a pattern solution for the people who don't have
+age information.
+
+ ------------------------
+ | name | age |
+ =======================
+ | "Becky Smith" | 23 |
+ | "Sarah Jones" | |
+ | "John Smith" | 25 |
+ | "Matt Jones" | |
+ -----------------------
+
+If the optional clause had not been there, no age information would
+have been retrieved. If the triple pattern had been included but
+not optional then we would have the query
+([q-opt2.rq](sparql_data/q-opt2.rq)):
+
+ PREFIX info: <http://somewhere/peopleInfo#>
+ PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?name ?age
+ WHERE
+ {
+ ?person vcard:FN ?name .
+ ?person info:age ?age .
+ }
+
+with only two solutions:
+
+ -----------------------
+ | name | age |
+ =======================
+ | "Becky Smith" | 23 |
+ | "John Smith" | 25 |
+ -----------------------
+
+because the `info:age` property must now be present in a solution.
+
+## OPTIONALs with FILTERs
+
+`OPTIONAL` is a binary operator that combines two graph patterns.
+The optional pattern is any group pattern and may involve any
+SPARQL pattern types. If the group matches, the solution is
+extended, if not, the original solution is given
+([q-opt-3.rq](sparql_data/q-opt3.rq)).
+
+ PREFIX info: <http://somewhere/peopleInfo#>
+ PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?name ?age
+ WHERE
+ {
+ ?person vcard:FN ?name .
+ OPTIONAL { ?person info:age ?age . FILTER ( ?age > 24 ) }
+ }
+
+So, if we filter for ages greater than 24 in the optional part, we
+will still get 4 solutions (from the `vcard:FN` pattern) but only
+get ages if they pass the test.
+
+ -----------------------
+ | name | age |
+ =======================
+ | "Becky Smith" | |
+ | "Sarah Jones" | |
+ | "John Smith" | 25 |
+ | "Matt Jones" | |
+ -----------------------
+
+No age included for "Becky Smith" because it is less than 24.
+
+If the filter condition is moved out of the optional part, then it
+can influence the number of solutions but it may be necessary to
+make the filter more complicated to allow for variable `age` being
+unbound ([q-opt4.rq](sparql_data/q-opt4.rq)).
+
+ PREFIX info: <http://somewhere/peopleInfo#>
+ PREFIX vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?name ?age
+ WHERE
+ {
+ ?person vcard:FN ?name .
+ OPTIONAL { ?person info:age ?age . }
+ FILTER ( !bound(?age) || ?age > 24 )
+ }
+
+If a solution has an `age` variable, then it must be greater than
+24. It can also be unbound. There are now three solutions:
+
+ -----------------------
+ | name | age |
+ =======================
+ | "Sarah Jones" | |
+ | "John Smith" | 25 |
+ | "Matt Jones" | |
+ -----------------------
+
+Evaluating an expression which has an unbound variables where a
+bound one was expected causes an evaluation exception and the whole
+expression fails.
+
+## OPTIONALs and Order Dependent Queries
+
+One thing to be careful of is using the same variable in two or
+more optional clauses (and not in some basic pattern as well):
+
+ PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+ PREFIX vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?name
+ WHERE
+ {
+ ?x a foaf:Person .
+ OPTIONAL { ?x foaf:name ?name }
+ OPTIONAL { ?x vCard:FN ?name }
+ }
+
+If the first optional binds `?name` and `?x` to some values, the
+second `OPTIONAL` is an attempt to match the ground triples (`?x`
+and `<kbd>?name</kbd>` have values). If the first optional did not
+match the optional part, then the second one is an attempt to match
+it's triple with two variables.
+
+Â
+
+[Next: union queries](sparql_union.html)
+
+
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# PAGE
+
+This section covers ...
+
+[Next: @@]()
+
+
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+Title: SPARQL Tutorial - A First SPARQL Query
+
+In this section, we look at a simple first query and show how to
+execute it with Jena.
+
+## A "hello world" of queries
+
+The file "[q1.rq](sparql_data/q1.rq)" contains the following query:
+
+ SELECT ?x
+ WHERE { ?x <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#FN> "John Smith" }
+
+executing that query with the command line query application;
+
+ ---------------------------------
+ | x |
+ =================================
+ | <http://somewhere/JohnSmith/> |
+ ---------------------------------
+
+This works by matching the triple pattern in the `WHERE` clause
+against the triples in the RDF graph. The predicate and object of
+the triple are fixed values so the pattern is going to match only
+triples with those values. The subject is a variable, and there are
+no other restrictions on the variable. The pattern matches any
+triples with these predicate and object values, and it matches with
+solutions for `x`.
+
+The item enclosed in <\> is a URI (actually, it's an IRI) and the
+item enclosed in "" is a plain literal. Just like Turtle, N3 or
+N-triples, typed literals are written with \^\^ and language tags
+can be added with @.
+
+?x is a variable called x. The ? does not form part of the name
+which is why it does not appear in the table output.
+
+There is one match. The query returns the match in the `x` query
+variable. The output shown was obtained by using one of ARQ's
+command line applications.
+
+## Executing the query
+
+There are [helper scripts](/jena/documentation/query/cmds.html) in the ARQ `bat/` and
+`bin/` directories of the ARQ distribution. They may not be in a
+Jena distribution. You should check these scripts before use.
+
+### Windows setup
+
+Set the `ARQROOT` environment variable to the file location of the
+ARQ distribution.
+
+ set ARQROOT=c:\MyProjects\ARQ
+
+The distribution usually has the version number in the directory
+name.
+
+In the ARQ directory, execute:
+
+ bat\sparql.bat --data=doc\Tutorial\vc-db-1.rdf --query=doc\Tutorial\q1.rq
+
+(TODO we will need to update these once the release structure is clear)
+
+You can just put the `bat/` directory on your classpath or copy the
+programs out of it. They all depend on ARQROOT.
+
+### bash scripts for Linux/Cygwin/Unix
+
+Set the `ARQROOT` environment variable to the file location of the
+ARQ distribution.
+
+ export ARQROOT=$HOME/MyProjects/ARQ
+
+The distribution usually has the version number in the directory
+name.
+
+In the ARQ directory, execute:
+
+ bin/sparql --data=doc/Tutorial/vc-db-1.rdf --query=doc/Tutorial/q1.rq
+
+You can just put the `bin/` directory on your classpath or copy the
+programs out of it. They all depend on ARQROOT.
+
+[Cygwin](http://www.cygwin.com/) is a Linux-like environment for
+Windows.
+
+### Using the Java command line applications directly
+
+You will need to set the classpath to include *all* the jar files
+in the ARQ `lib/` directory.
+
+For example, on Windows:
+
+ ARQdir\lib\antlr-2.7.5.jar;ARQdir\lib\arq-extra.jar;ARQdir\lib\arq.jar;
+ ARQdir\lib\commons-logging-1.1.jar;ARQdir\lib\concurrent.jar;ARQdir\lib\icu4j_3_4.jar;
+ ARQdir\lib\iri.jar;ARQdir\lib\jena.jar;ARQdir\lib\jenatest.jar;
+ ARQdir\lib\json.jar;ARQdir\lib\junit.jar;ARQdir\lib\log4j-1.2.12.jar;
+ ARQdir\lib\lucene-core-2.2.0.jar;ARQdir\lib\stax-api-1.0.jar;
+ ARQdir\lib\wstx-asl-3.0.0.jar;ARQdir\lib\xercesImpl.jar;ARQdir\lib\xml-apis.jar
+
+(TODO needs updating)
+
+where `<i>ARQdir</i>` is where you unpacked ARQ. This must be all
+one line.
+
+The names of jar files sometimes changes and new jar files do get
+added - do check this list with your version of ARQ.
+
+The commands themselves are in the `arq` package.
+
+[Next: basic patterns](sparql_basic_patterns.html)
+
+
+
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+Title: Producing Result Sets
+
+SPARQL has four result forms:
+
+- SELECT â Return a table of results.
+- CONSTRUCT â Return an RDF graph, based on a template in the
+ query.
+- DESCRIBE â Return an RDF graph, based on what the query
+ processor is configured to return.
+- ASK â Ask a boolean query.
+
+The SELECT form directly returns a table of solutions as a result
+set, while DESCRIBE and CONSTRUCT use the outcome of matching to
+build RDF graphs.
+
+## Solution Modifiers
+
+Pattern matching produces a set of solutions. This set can be
+modified in various ways:
+
+- Projection - keep only selected variables
+- OFFSET/LIMIT - chop the number solutions (best used with ORDER
+ BY)
+- ORDER BY - sorted results
+- DISTINCT - yield only one row for one combination of variables
+ and values.
+
+The solution modifiers OFFSET/LIMIT and ORDER BY always apply to
+all result forms.Â
+
+### OFFSET and LIMIT
+
+A set of solutions can be abbreviated by specifying the offset (the
+start index) and the limit (the number of solutions) to be
+returned. Using LIMIT alone can be useful to ensure not too many
+solutions are returned, to restrict the effect of some unexpected
+situation. LIMIT and OFFSET can be used in conjunction with
+sorting to take a defined slice through the solutions found.
+
+### ORDER BY
+
+SPARQL solutions are sorted by expression, including custom
+functions.
+
+ ORDER BY ?x ?y
+
+ ORDER BY DESC(?x)
+
+ ORDER BY x:func(?x) # Custom sorting condition
+
+### DISTINCT
+
+The SELECT result form can take the DISTINCT modifier which ensures
+that no two solutions returned are the same - this takes place
+after projection to the requested variables.
+
+Â
+
+## SELECT
+
+The `SELECT` result form is a projection, with DISTINCT applied, of
+the solution set. `SELECT` identifies which named variables are in
+the result set. This may be "`*`" meaning "all named variables"
+(blank nodes in the query act like variables for matching but are
+never returned).
+
+## CONSTRUCT
+
+CONSTRUCT builds an RDF based on a graph template. The graph
+template can have variables which are bound by a WHERE clause. The
+effect is to calculate the graph fragment, given the template, for
+each solution from the WHERE clause, after taking into account any
+solution modifiers. The graph fragments, one per solution, are
+merged into a single RDF graph which is the result.
+
+Any blank nodes explicitly mentioned in the graph template are
+created afresh for each time the template is used for a solution.
+
+## DESCRIBE
+
+The CONSTRUCT form, takes an application template for the graph
+results. The DESCRIBE form also creates a graph but the form of
+that graph is provided the query processor, not the application.
+For each URI found, or explicitly mentioned in the DESCRIBE clause,
+the query processor should provide a useful fragment of RDF, such
+as all the known details of a book. ARQ allows domain-specific
+description handlers to be written.
+
+## ASK
+
+The ASK result form returns a boolean, true of the pattern matched
+otherwise false.
+
+[Return to index](index.html)
+
+
+
Added: incubator/jena/site/trunk/content/jena/tutorials/sparql_union.mdtext
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@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+Title: SPARQL Tutorial - Alternatives in a Pattern
+
+Another way of dealing with the semi-structured data is to query
+for one of a number of possibilities. This section covers `UNION`
+patterns, where one of a number of possibilities is tried.
+
+## UNION - two ways to the same data
+
+Both the vCard vocabulary and the FOAF vocabulary have properties
+for people's names. In vCard, it is vCard:FN, the "formatted
+name", and in FOAF, it is foaf:name. In this section, we will look
+at a small set of data where the names of people can be given by
+either the FOAF or the vCard vocabulary.
+
+Suppose we have [an RDF graph](sparql_data/vc-db-3.ttl) that contains name
+information using both the vCard and FOAF vocabularies.
+
+ @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+ @prefix vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> .
+
+ _:a foaf:name "Matt Jones" .
+
+ _:b foaf:name "Sarah Jones" .
+
+ _:c vcard:FN "Becky Smith" .
+
+ _:d vcard:FN "John Smith" .
+
+A query to access the name information, when it can be in either
+form, could be ([q-union1.rq](sparql_data/q-union1.rq)):
+
+ PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+ PREFIX vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?name
+ WHERE
+ {
+ { [] foaf:name ?name } UNION { [] vCard:FN ?name }
+ }
+
+This returns the results:
+
+ -----------------
+ | name |
+ =================
+ | "Matt Jones" |
+ | "Sarah Jones" |
+ | "Becky Smith" |
+ | "John Smith" |
+ -----------------
+
+It didn't matter which form of expression was used for the name,
+the ?name variable is set. This can be achieved using a `FILTER` as
+this query ([q-union-1alt.rq](sparql_data/q-union1alt.rq)) shows:
+
+ PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+ PREFIX vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?name
+ WHERE
+ {
+ [] ?p ?name
+ FILTER ( ?p = foaf:name || ?p = vCard:FN )
+ }
+
+testing whether the property is one URI or another. The solutions
+may not come out in the same order. The first form is more likely
+to be faster, depending on the data and the storage used, because
+the second form may have to get all the triples from the graph to
+match the triple pattern with unbound variables (or blank nodes) in
+each slot, then test each `?p` to see it it matches one of the
+values. It will depend on the sophistication of the query optimizer
+as to whether it spots that it can perform the query more
+efficiently and is able to pass the constraint down as will as to
+the storage layer.
+
+## Union - remembering where the data was found.
+
+The example above used the same variable in each branch. If
+different variables are used, the application can discover which
+sub-pattern caused the match ([q-union2.rq](sparql_data/q-union2.rq)):
+
+ PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+ PREFIX vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?name1 ?name2
+ WHERE
+ {
+ { [] foaf:name ?name1 } UNION { [] vCard:FN ?name2 }
+ }
+
+ ---------------------------------
+ | name1 | name2 |
+ =================================
+ | "Matt Jones" | |
+ | "Sarah Jones" | |
+ | | "Becky Smith" |
+ | | "John Smith" |
+ ---------------------------------
+
+This second query has retained information of where the name of the
+person came from by assigning the name to different variables.
+
+## OPTIONAL and UNION
+
+In practice, `OPTIONAL` is more common than `UNION` but they both
+have their uses. `OPTIONAL` are useful for augmenting the solutions
+found, `UNION` is useful for concatenating the solutions from two
+possibilities. They don't necessary return the information in the
+same way:
+
+Query([q-union3.rq](sparql_data/q-union3.rq)):
+
+ PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+ PREFIX vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
+
+ SELECT ?name1 ?name2
+ WHERE
+ {
+ ?x a foaf:Person
+ OPTIONAL { ?x foaf:name ?name1 }
+ OPTIONAL { ?x vCard:FN ?name2 }
+ }
+
+ ---------------------------------
+ | name1 | name2 |
+ =================================
+ | "Matt Jones" | |
+ | "Sarah Jones" | |
+ | | "Becky Smith" |
+ | | "John Smith" |
+ ---------------------------------
+
+but beware of using `?name` in each `OPTIONAL` because that is an
+order-dependent query.
+
+[Next: Named Graphs](sparql_datasets.html)
+
+
+
Modified: incubator/jena/site/trunk/templates/sidenav.mdtext
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/jena/site/trunk/templates/sidenav.mdtext?rev=1197854&r1=1197853&r2=1197854&view=diff
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--- incubator/jena/site/trunk/templates/sidenav.mdtext (original)
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@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@
- [Tell me how to ...](/jena/getting_started/tell_me_how.html)
# Tutorials
- - [RDF tutorial](/jena/tutorials/index.html)
+ - [Tutorials index](/jena/tutorials/index.html)
+ - [RDF tutorial](/jena/tutorials/rdf_api.html)
- [SPARQL queries](/jena/tutorials/sparql.html)
- [Using Jena with Eclipse](/jena/tutorials/using_jena_with_eclipse.html)