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Posted to commits@servicecomb.apache.org by ni...@apache.org on 2017/12/12 09:18:24 UTC
[27/57] [partial] incubator-servicecomb-website git commit: Generated
the static pages for asf-site
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-servicecomb-website/blob/08e1b43f/content/cn/users/edging-service/nginx/index.html
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+ <meta itemprop="description" content="使用confd和Nginx做边缘服务">
+
+ <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="August 15, 2017">
+
+ <div class="page__inner-wrap">
+
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+ <header>
+ <h1 class="page__title" itemprop="headline">使用confd和Nginx做边缘服务
+</h1>
+
+ </header>
+
+
+
+ <section class="page__content" itemprop="text">
+ <aside class="sidebar__right">
+<nav class="toc">
+ <!-- <header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> 在本页上</h4></header> -->
+<ul class="toc__menu" id="markdown-toc">
+ <li><a href="#概念阐述" id="markdown-toc-概念阐述">概念阐述</a> <ul>
+ <li><a href="#confd" id="markdown-toc-confd"><strong>confd</strong></a></li>
+ <li><a href="#nginx" id="markdown-toc-nginx"><strong>Nginx</strong></a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#场景描述" id="markdown-toc-场景描述">场景描述</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#对接服务中心" id="markdown-toc-对接服务中心">对接服务中心</a> <ul>
+ <li><a href="#方法一http调用" id="markdown-toc-方法一http调用"><strong>方法一：http调用</strong></a></li>
+ <li><a href="#方法二使用servicecomb开源代码接口" id="markdown-toc-方法二使用servicecomb开源代码接口"><strong>方法二：使用servicecomb开源代码接口</strong></a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+ </nav>
+</aside>
+
+<h2 id="概念阐述">概念阐述</h2>
+
+<h3 id="confd"><strong>confd</strong></h3>
+
+<p>confd是一个轻量级的配置管理工具，源码地址：<a href="https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd">https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd</a>，它可以将配置信息存储在etcd、consul、dynamodb、redis以及zookeeper等。confd定期会从这些存储节点pull最新的配置，然后重新加载服务，完成配置文件的更新。</p>
+
+<h3 id="nginx"><strong>Nginx</strong></h3>
+
+<p>Nginx (engine x)是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，具有负载均衡的功能。详情请参考<a href="http://www.nginx.cn/doc/">http://www.nginx.cn/doc/</a>。本小节介绍的服务主要使用到的是Nginx的http代理功能。</p>
+
+<h2 id="场景描述">场景描述</h2>
+
+<p>本小节介绍的技术是使用nginx+confd做边缘服务，同时可以对接ServiceComb微服务框架中的服务中心，从服务中心中拉去服务信息通过confd动态更新nginx的配置。</p>
+
+<p>使用nginx+confd动态反向代理的实现步骤可参考文章<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/Anker/p/6112022.html">http://www.cnblogs.com/Anker/p/6112022.html</a>，本节主要介绍confd如何对接ServiceComb框架的服务中心。</p>
+
+<h2 id="对接服务中心">对接服务中心</h2>
+
+<p>本节介绍的技术核心在于如何使得confd获取到服务中心的服务信息，服务中心开放了以下接口供外部调用：</p>
+
+<h3 id="方法一http调用"><strong>方法一：http调用</strong></h3>
+
+<p>服务中心开放http接口均需要添加租户头部信息：“X-Tenant-Name:tenantName”，tenameName为租户名，默认为default，例如”X-Tenant-Name:default”。</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>检查服务中心健康状态</p>
+
+ <div class="language-http highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="err"> GET 127.0.0.1:9980/health
+</span></code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>获取所有微服务信息</p>
+
+ <div class="language-http highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="err"> GET 127.0.0.1:9980/registry/v3/microservices
+</span></code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>获取指定id的微服务信息</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<blockquote>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <p>首先根据微服务信息获取serviceId</p>
+
+ <div class="language-http highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="err">GET 127.0.0.1:9980/registry/v3/existence?type=microservice&appId={appId}&serviceName={serviceName}&version={version}
+</span></code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>根据上述接口返回的serviceId获取微服务完整信息</p>
+
+ <div class="language-http highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="err">GET 127.0.0.1:9980/registry/v3/microservices/{serviceId}
+</span></code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+</blockquote>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>获取指定微服务的所有实例信息</p>
+
+ <div class="language-http highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="err"> GET 127.0.0.1:9980/registry/v3/microservices/{serviceId}/instances
+</span></code></pre>
+ </div>
+ <p>需要在header中添加：”X-ConsumerId:{serviceId}”。</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>查找微服务实例信息</p>
+
+ <div class="language-http highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="err"> GET 127.0.0.1:9980/registry/v3/instances?appId={appId}&serviceName={serviceName}&version={version}
+</span></code></pre>
+ </div>
+ <p>需要在header中添加”X-ConsumerId:{serviceId}”。</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>注意：在实际开发中请访问实际的service-center访问地址，并将上述url中{}的变量替换成具体值，http返回的数据均为json格式</p>
+
+<h3 id="方法二使用servicecomb开源代码接口"><strong>方法二：使用servicecomb开源代码接口</strong></h3>
+
+<p>在开发微服务应用，只需要调用servicecomb框架代码中的工具类RegistryUtil.java中提供的接口，即可获取服务中心的信息，接口描述如下：</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>获取所有微服务信息
+ <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Microservice</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="nf">getAllMicroservices</span><span class="o">();</span>
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+ <li>获取微服务唯一标识
+ <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="nf">getMicroserviceId</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">appId</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">microserviceName</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">versionRule</span><span class="o">);</span>
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+ <li>根据微服务唯一标识查询微服务静态信息
+ <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="n">Microservice</span> <span class="nf">getMicroservice</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">microserviceId</span><span class="o">);</span>
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+ <li>根据多个微服务唯一标识查询所有微服务实例信息
+ <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MicroserviceInstance</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="nf">getMicroserviceInstance</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">consumerId</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">providerId</span><span class="o">);</span>
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+ <li>按照app+interface+version查询实例endpoints信息
+ <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MicroserviceInstance</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="nf">findServiceInstance</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">consumerId</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">appId</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">serviceName</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">versionRule</span><span class="o">);</span>
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>通过上述http接口可获取到服务中心的微服务和其实例的信息，从而通过confd动态更新nginx配置。</p>
+
+
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+ <meta itemprop="headline" content="使用Zuul做边缘服务">
+ <meta itemprop="description" content="使用Zuul做边缘服务">
+
+ <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="August 15, 2017">
+
+ <div class="page__inner-wrap">
+
+
+ <header>
+ <h1 class="page__title" itemprop="headline">使用Zuul做边缘服务
+</h1>
+
+ </header>
+
+
+
+ <section class="page__content" itemprop="text">
+ <aside class="sidebar__right">
+<nav class="toc">
+ <!-- <header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> 在本页上</h4></header> -->
+<ul class="toc__menu" id="markdown-toc">
+ <li><a href="#概念阐述" id="markdown-toc-概念阐述">概念阐述</a> <ul>
+ <li><a href="#api-gateway" id="markdown-toc-api-gateway">API Gateway：</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#zuul" id="markdown-toc-zuul">Zuul</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#场景描述" id="markdown-toc-场景描述">场景描述</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#注意事项" id="markdown-toc-注意事项">注意事项</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#启动zuul-proxy" id="markdown-toc-启动zuul-proxy">启动Zuul Proxy</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#使用zuul-proxy" id="markdown-toc-使用zuul-proxy">使用Zuul Proxy</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+ </nav>
+</aside>
+
+<h2 id="概念阐述">概念阐述</h2>
+
+<h3 id="api-gateway">API Gateway：</h3>
+
+<p>API Gateway是一个服务器，也可以说是进入系统的唯一节点。API Gateway封装内部系统的架构，并且提供API给各个客户端。</p>
+
+<h3 id="zuul">Zuul</h3>
+
+<p>Zuul是Netflix的基于JVM的路由器和服务器端负载均衡器，可以使用Zuul进行以下操作：</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>认证</li>
+ <li>洞察</li>
+ <li>压力测试</li>
+ <li>金丝雀测试</li>
+ <li>动态路由</li>
+ <li>服务迁移</li>
+ <li>负载脱落</li>
+ <li>安全</li>
+ <li>静态相响应处理</li>
+ <li>主动/被动流量管理</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>本小节主要介绍在SpringBoot应用中使用Zuul做API Gateway。关于Zuul的详细功能介绍请参考文档<a href="https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html#_router_and_filter_zuul">路由器和过滤器：Zuul</a>。</p>
+
+<h2 id="场景描述">场景描述</h2>
+
+<p>Zuul做API Gateway，即建立一个Zuul Proxy应用，在该Proxy应用中统一定义所有的微服务访问入口，通过使用不同的前缀(stripped)来区分各个微服务。本小节通过建立一个ZuulProxy SpringBoot应用来演示Zuul的API Gateway功能。</p>
+
+<h2 id="注意事项">注意事项</h2>
+
+<p>本小节介绍的ZuulProxy和ZuulServer等demo都是基于SpringBoot和ServiceComb框架的应用，具体请参考<a href="/cn/users/use-servicecomb-in-spring-boot/">在ServiceComb框架中集成SpringBoot框架</a>。</p>
+
+<h2 id="启动zuul-proxy">启动Zuul Proxy</h2>
+
+<p>本节介绍如何启动一个zuul proxy应用作为API Gateway。步骤如下：</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p><strong>步骤 1</strong>在pom文件中添加依赖：</p>
+
+ <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="nt"><dependency></span>
+ <span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="nt"></groupId></span>
+ <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>spring-cloud-starter-zuul<span class="nt"></artifactId></span>
+ <span class="nt"></dependency></span>
+ <span class="nt"><dependency></span>
+ <span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="nt"></groupId></span>
+ <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon<span class="nt"></artifactId></span>
+ <span class="nt"></dependency><dependency></span>
+ <span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="nt"></groupId></span>
+ <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix<span class="nt"></artifactId></span>
+ <span class="nt"></dependency></span>
+ <span class="nt"><dependency></span>
+ <span class="nt"><groupId></span>io.servicecomb<span class="nt"></groupId></span>
+ <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>spring-boot-starter-discovery<span class="nt"></artifactId></span>
+ <span class="nt"></dependency></span>
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p><strong>步骤 2</strong>在SpringBoot主类添加注解：</p>
+
+ <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="nd">@SpringBootApplication</span>
+ <span class="nd">@EnableServiceComb</span>
+ <span class="nd">@EnableZuulProxy</span><span class="c1">//新增注解</span>
+ <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">ZuulMain</span><span class="o">{</span>
+ <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="kd">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span><span class="o">{</span>
+ <span class="n">SpringApplication</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">ZuulMain</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">);</span>
+ <span class="o">}</span>
+ <span class="o">}</span>
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p><strong>步骤 3</strong>在application.yml文件中定义路由策略：</p>
+
+ <div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="s">server</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">port</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">8754</span> <span class="c1">#api gateway服务端口</span>
+ <span class="s">zuul</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">routes</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="c1">#路由策略</span>
+ <span class="s">discoveryServer</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">/myServer/**</span> <span class="c1">#路由规则</span>
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>上述的配置项可以根据实际开发环境进行配置。关于zuul.routers的路由策略的详细定义规则，请参考官方文献：<a href="https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html#_router_and_filter_zuul">路由器和过滤器：Zuul</a>，可更细粒度地对路由进行控制。</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p><strong>步骤 4</strong>在microservice.yaml定义微服务属性：</p>
+
+ <div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code> <span class="s">APPLICATION_ID</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">discoverytest</span> <span class="c1">#服务ID</span>
+ <span class="s">service_description</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">discoveryGateway</span> <span class="c1">#服务名称</span>
+ <span class="s">version</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.2</span> <span class="c1">#服务版本号</span>
+ <span class="s">cse</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">service</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">registry</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">http://127.0.0.1:30100</span> <span class="c1">#服务注册中心地址</span>
+ <span class="s">rest</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.0.0:8082</span> <span class="c1">#微服务端口，可不写</span>
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>本小节所有服务使用的都是本地的服务中心，具体的服务中心启动流程请参考<a href="/cn/users/setup-environment/#运行service-center">启动本地服务中心</a>。</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><strong>步骤 5 </strong>运行ZuulMain 应用</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="使用zuul-proxy">使用Zuul Proxy</h2>
+
+<p>在使用zuul做的API Gateway前，首先要启动在zuul.routers中定义的微服务提供者。</p>
+
+<p>开发服务提供者，开发流程请参考<a href="/cn/users/service-definition/">开发服务提供者</a>。在微服务microservice.yaml文件中需注意以下两点：</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>APPLICATION_ID需要于zuul proxy中定义的保持一致。</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>service_description.name需要于zuul.routers中相对应。</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>示例如下：</p>
+
+<div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="s">APPLICATION_ID</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">discoverytest</span> <span class="c1">#与zuul proxy一致</span>
+ <span class="s">service_description</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">discoveryServer</span> <span class="c1">#服务名称，与zuul.routers对应</span>
+ <span class="s">version</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.2</span>
+<span class="s">cse</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">service</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">registry</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">http://127.0.0.1:30100</span> <span class="c1">#服务注册中心地址</span>
+ <span class="s">rest</span><span class="pi">:</span>
+ <span class="s">address</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">0.0.0.0:8080</span>
+</code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>API Gateway的访问入口为：<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8754">http://127.0.0.1:8754</a>，所有在zuul.routers中定义的服务都可通过这个访问入口进行代理访问，访问规则如下：</p>
+
+<p>http://127.0.0.1:8754/myServer/***](http://127.0.0.1:8754/myServer/***)</p>
+
+<p>这表示，Http调用<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8754/myServer/***">http://127.0.0.1:8754/myServer/***</a>，会转到discoveryServer服务（例如：”/myServer/101”跳转到discoveryServer 服务下的”/101”）</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+ <p>如果在服务中心同时存在多个discoveryServer服务(版本不同),zuul默认采用Ribbon策略对请求进行转发。</p>
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+<ul class="toc__menu" id="markdown-toc">
+ <li><a href="#框架概述" id="markdown-toc-框架概述">框架概述</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#主要设计意图" id="markdown-toc-主要设计意图">主要设计意图</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#模块说明" id="markdown-toc-模块说明">模块说明</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+ </nav>
+</aside>
+
+<h2 id="框架概述">框架概述</h2>
+<p><img src="/assets/images/servicecomb-models.png" alt="ServiceComb Model" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<h2 id="主要设计意图">主要设计意图</h2>
+
+<p>1.编程模型和通信模型分离，不同的编程模型可以灵活组合不同的通信模型。应用开发者在开发阶段只关注接口开发，部署阶段灵活切换通信方式；支持legacy系统的切换，legacy系统只需要修改服务发布的配置文件（或者annotation），而不需要修改代码。</p>
+
+<p>现阶段支持SpringMVC、JAX-RS和透明RPC三种开发方式。</p>
+
+<p>2.内建API-first支持。通过契约规范化微服务开发，实现跨语言的通信，并支持配套的软件工具链（契约生成代码、代码生成契约等）开发，构建完整的开发生态。</p>
+
+<p>3.定义了常用的微服务运行模型，将微服务从发现到交互过程中的各种容错手段都封装起来。该运行模型支持自定义和扩展。</p>
+
+<h2 id="模块说明">模块说明</h2>
+
+<table>
+ <thead>
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: left">类型</th>
+ <th style="text-align: left">artifact id</th>
+ <th style="text-align: left">是否可选</th>
+ <th style="text-align: left">功能说明</th>
+ </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <td style="text-align: left">编程模型</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">provider-pojo</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">是</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">提供RPC开发模式</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td style="text-align: left">编程模型</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">provider-jaxrs</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">是</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">提供JAX RS开发模式</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td style="text-align: left">编程模型</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">provider-springmvc</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">是</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">提供Spring MVC开发模式</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td style="text-align: left">通信模型</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">transport-rest-vertx</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">是</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">运行于HTTP之上的开发框架，不依赖WEB容器，应用打包为可执行jar</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td style="text-align: left">通信模型</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">transport-rest-servlet</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">是</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">运行于WEB容器的开发框架，应用打包为war包</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td style="text-align: left">通信模型</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">transport-highway</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">是</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">提供高性能的私有通信协议，仅用于java之间互通。</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td style="text-align: left">运行模型</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">handler-loadbalance</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">是</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">负载均衡模块。提供各种路由策略和配置方法。一般客户端使用。</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td style="text-align: left">运行模型</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">handler-bizkeeper</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">是</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">和服务治理相关的功能，比如隔离、熔断、容错。</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td style="text-align: left">运行模型</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">handler-tracing</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">是</td>
+ <td style="text-align: left">调用链跟踪模块，对接监控系统，吐出打点数据。</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
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