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Posted to notifications@ant.apache.org by bo...@apache.org on 2009/03/27 14:49:42 UTC

svn commit: r759138 [2/2] - in /ant/core/trunk: CONTRIBUTORS contributors.xml src/main/org/apache/tools/bzip2/CBZip2OutputStream.java

Modified: ant/core/trunk/src/main/org/apache/tools/bzip2/CBZip2OutputStream.java
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/ant/core/trunk/src/main/org/apache/tools/bzip2/CBZip2OutputStream.java?rev=759138&r1=759137&r2=759138&view=diff
==============================================================================
--- ant/core/trunk/src/main/org/apache/tools/bzip2/CBZip2OutputStream.java (original)
+++ ant/core/trunk/src/main/org/apache/tools/bzip2/CBZip2OutputStream.java Fri Mar 27 13:49:42 2009
@@ -31,337 +31,681 @@
  * An output stream that compresses into the BZip2 format (without the file
  * header chars) into another stream.
  *
- * TODO:    Update to BZip2 1.0.1
+ * <p>
+ * The compression requires large amounts of memory. Thus you should call the
+ * {@link #close() close()} method as soon as possible, to force
+ * <tt>CBZip2OutputStream</tt> to release the allocated memory.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p> You can shrink the amount of allocated memory and maybe raise
+ * the compression speed by choosing a lower blocksize, which in turn
+ * may cause a lower compression ratio. You can avoid unnecessary
+ * memory allocation by avoiding using a blocksize which is bigger
+ * than the size of the input.  </p>
+ *
+ * <p> You can compute the memory usage for compressing by the
+ * following formula: </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * &lt;code&gt;400k + (9 * blocksize)&lt;/code&gt;.
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p> To get the memory required for decompression by {@link
+ * CBZip2InputStream CBZip2InputStream} use </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * &lt;code&gt;65k + (5 * blocksize)&lt;/code&gt;.
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <table width="100%" border="1">
+ * <colgroup> <col width="33%" /> <col width="33%" /> <col width="33%" />
+ * </colgroup>
+ * <tr>
+ * <th colspan="3">Memory usage by blocksize</th>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <th align="right">Blocksize</th> <th align="right">Compression<br>
+ * memory usage</th> <th align="right">Decompression<br>
+ * memory usage</th>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td align="right">100k</td>
+ * <td align="right">1300k</td>
+ * <td align="right">565k</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td align="right">200k</td>
+ * <td align="right">2200k</td>
+ * <td align="right">1065k</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td align="right">300k</td>
+ * <td align="right">3100k</td>
+ * <td align="right">1565k</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td align="right">400k</td>
+ * <td align="right">4000k</td>
+ * <td align="right">2065k</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td align="right">500k</td>
+ * <td align="right">4900k</td>
+ * <td align="right">2565k</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td align="right">600k</td>
+ * <td align="right">5800k</td>
+ * <td align="right">3065k</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td align="right">700k</td>
+ * <td align="right">6700k</td>
+ * <td align="right">3565k</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td align="right">800k</td>
+ * <td align="right">7600k</td>
+ * <td align="right">4065k</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * <tr>
+ * <td align="right">900k</td>
+ * <td align="right">8500k</td>
+ * <td align="right">4565k</td>
+ * </tr>
+ * </table>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * For decompression <tt>CBZip2InputStream</tt> allocates less memory if the
+ * bzipped input is smaller than one block.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Instances of this class are not threadsafe.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * TODO: Update to BZip2 1.0.1
+ * </p>
+ *
  */
-public class CBZip2OutputStream extends OutputStream implements BZip2Constants {
+public class CBZip2OutputStream extends OutputStream
+    implements BZip2Constants {
+
+    /**
+     * The minimum supported blocksize <tt> == 1</tt>.
+     */
+    public static final int MIN_BLOCKSIZE = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum supported blocksize <tt> == 9</tt>.
+     */
+    public static final int MAX_BLOCKSIZE = 9;
+
+    /**
+     * This constant is accessible by subclasses for historical
+     * purposes. If you don't know what it means then you don't need
+     * it.
+     */
     protected static final int SETMASK = (1 << 21);
+
+    /**
+     * This constant is accessible by subclasses for historical
+     * purposes. If you don't know what it means then you don't need
+     * it.
+     */
     protected static final int CLEARMASK = (~SETMASK);
+
+    /**
+     * This constant is accessible by subclasses for historical
+     * purposes. If you don't know what it means then you don't need
+     * it.
+     */
     protected static final int GREATER_ICOST = 15;
+
+    /**
+     * This constant is accessible by subclasses for historical
+     * purposes. If you don't know what it means then you don't need
+     * it.
+     */
     protected static final int LESSER_ICOST = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * This constant is accessible by subclasses for historical
+     * purposes. If you don't know what it means then you don't need
+     * it.
+     */
     protected static final int SMALL_THRESH = 20;
+
+    /**
+     * This constant is accessible by subclasses for historical
+     * purposes. If you don't know what it means then you don't need
+     * it.
+     */
     protected static final int DEPTH_THRESH = 10;
 
-    /*
-      If you are ever unlucky/improbable enough
-      to get a stack overflow whilst sorting,
-      increase the following constant and try
-      again.  In practice I have never seen the
-      stack go above 27 elems, so the following
-      limit seems very generous.
-    */
-    protected static final int QSORT_STACK_SIZE = 1000;
+    /**
+     * This constant is accessible by subclasses for historical
+     * purposes. If you don't know what it means then you don't need
+     * it.
+     */
+    protected static final int WORK_FACTOR = 30;
 
-    private static void panic() {
-        System.out.println("panic");
-        //throw new CError();
-    }
+    /**
+     * This constant is accessible by subclasses for historical
+     * purposes. If you don't know what it means then you don't need
+     * it.
+     * <p> If you are ever unlucky/improbable enough to get a stack
+     * overflow whilst sorting, increase the following constant and
+     * try again. In practice I have never seen the stack go above 27
+     * elems, so the following limit seems very generous.  </p>
+     */
+    protected static final int QSORT_STACK_SIZE = 1000;
 
-    private void makeMaps() {
-        int i;
-        nInUse = 0;
-        for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-            if (inUse[i]) {
-                seqToUnseq[nInUse] = (char) i;
-                unseqToSeq[i] = (char) nInUse;
-                nInUse++;
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    /**
+     * Knuth's increments seem to work better than Incerpi-Sedgewick here.
+     * Possibly because the number of elems to sort is usually small, typically
+     * &lt;= 20.
+     */
+    private static final int[] INCS = { 1, 4, 13, 40, 121, 364, 1093, 3280,
+                                        9841, 29524, 88573, 265720, 797161,
+                                        2391484 };
 
+    /**
+     * This method is accessible by subclasses for historical
+     * purposes. If you don't know what it does then you don't need
+     * it.
+     */
     protected static void hbMakeCodeLengths(char[] len, int[] freq,
                                             int alphaSize, int maxLen) {
         /*
-          Nodes and heap entries run from 1.  Entry 0
-          for both the heap and nodes is a sentinel.
-        */
-        int nNodes, nHeap, n1, n2, i, j, k;
-        boolean  tooLong;
-
-        int[] heap = new int[MAX_ALPHA_SIZE + 2];
-        int[] weight = new int[MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2];
-        int[] parent = new int[MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2];
+         * Nodes and heap entries run from 1. Entry 0 for both the heap and
+         * nodes is a sentinel.
+         */
+        final int[] heap = new int[MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2];
+        final int[] weight = new int[MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2];
+        final int[] parent = new int[MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2];
 
-        for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++) {
+        for (int i = alphaSize; --i >= 0;) {
             weight[i + 1] = (freq[i] == 0 ? 1 : freq[i]) << 8;
         }
 
-        while (true) {
-            nNodes = alphaSize;
-            nHeap = 0;
+        for (boolean tooLong = true; tooLong;) {
+            tooLong = false;
 
+            int nNodes = alphaSize;
+            int nHeap = 0;
             heap[0] = 0;
             weight[0] = 0;
             parent[0] = -2;
 
-            for (i = 1; i <= alphaSize; i++) {
+            for (int i = 1; i <= alphaSize; i++) {
                 parent[i] = -1;
                 nHeap++;
                 heap[nHeap] = i;
-                {
-                    int zz, tmp;
-                    zz = nHeap;
-                    tmp = heap[zz];
-                    while (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[zz >> 1]]) {
-                        heap[zz] = heap[zz >> 1];
-                        zz >>= 1;
-                    }
-                    heap[zz] = tmp;
+
+                int zz = nHeap;
+                int tmp = heap[zz];
+                while (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[zz >> 1]]) {
+                    heap[zz] = heap[zz >> 1];
+                    zz >>= 1;
                 }
+                heap[zz] = tmp;
             }
-            if (!(nHeap < (MAX_ALPHA_SIZE + 2))) {
-                panic();
-            }
+
+            // assert (nHeap < (MAX_ALPHA_SIZE + 2)) : nHeap;
 
             while (nHeap > 1) {
-                n1 = heap[1];
+                int n1 = heap[1];
                 heap[1] = heap[nHeap];
                 nHeap--;
-                {
-                    int zz = 0, yy = 0, tmp = 0;
-                    zz = 1;
-                    tmp = heap[zz];
-                    while (true) {
-                        yy = zz << 1;
-                        if (yy > nHeap) {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        if (yy < nHeap
-                            && weight[heap[yy + 1]] < weight[heap[yy]]) {
-                            yy++;
-                        }
-                        if (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[yy]]) {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        heap[zz] = heap[yy];
-                        zz = yy;
+
+                int yy = 0;
+                int zz = 1;
+                int tmp = heap[1];
+
+                while (true) {
+                    yy = zz << 1;
+
+                    if (yy > nHeap) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if ((yy < nHeap)
+                        && (weight[heap[yy + 1]] < weight[heap[yy]])) {
+                        yy++;
                     }
-                    heap[zz] = tmp;
+
+                    if (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[yy]]) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    heap[zz] = heap[yy];
+                    zz = yy;
                 }
-                n2 = heap[1];
+
+                heap[zz] = tmp;
+
+                int n2 = heap[1];
                 heap[1] = heap[nHeap];
                 nHeap--;
-                {
-                    int zz = 0, yy = 0, tmp = 0;
-                    zz = 1;
-                    tmp = heap[zz];
-                    while (true) {
-                        yy = zz << 1;
-                        if (yy > nHeap) {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        if (yy < nHeap
-                            && weight[heap[yy + 1]] < weight[heap[yy]]) {
-                            yy++;
-                        }
-                        if (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[yy]]) {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        heap[zz] = heap[yy];
-                        zz = yy;
+
+                yy = 0;
+                zz = 1;
+                tmp = heap[1];
+
+                while (true) {
+                    yy = zz << 1;
+
+                    if (yy > nHeap) {
+                        break;
                     }
-                    heap[zz] = tmp;
+
+                    if ((yy < nHeap)
+                        && (weight[heap[yy + 1]] < weight[heap[yy]])) {
+                        yy++;
+                    }
+
+                    if (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[yy]]) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    heap[zz] = heap[yy];
+                    zz = yy;
                 }
+
+                heap[zz] = tmp;
                 nNodes++;
                 parent[n1] = parent[n2] = nNodes;
 
-                weight[nNodes] = ((weight[n1] & 0xffffff00)
-                                  + (weight[n2] & 0xffffff00))
-                    | (1 + (((weight[n1] & 0x000000ff)
-                            > (weight[n2] & 0x000000ff))
-                            ? (weight[n1] & 0x000000ff)
-                            : (weight[n2] & 0x000000ff)));
+                final int weight_n1 = weight[n1];
+                final int weight_n2 = weight[n2];
+                weight[nNodes] = (((weight_n1 & 0xffffff00)
+                                   + (weight_n2 & 0xffffff00))
+                                  |
+                                  (1 + (((weight_n1 & 0x000000ff)
+                                         > (weight_n2 & 0x000000ff))
+                                        ? (weight_n1 & 0x000000ff)
+                                        : (weight_n2 & 0x000000ff))
+                                   ));
 
                 parent[nNodes] = -1;
                 nHeap++;
                 heap[nHeap] = nNodes;
-                {
-                    int zz = 0, tmp = 0;
-                    zz = nHeap;
-                    tmp = heap[zz];
-                    while (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[zz >> 1]]) {
-                        heap[zz] = heap[zz >> 1];
-                        zz >>= 1;
-                    }
-                    heap[zz] = tmp;
+
+                tmp = 0;
+                zz = nHeap;
+                tmp = heap[zz];
+                final int weight_tmp = weight[tmp];
+                while (weight_tmp < weight[heap[zz >> 1]]) {
+                    heap[zz] = heap[zz >> 1];
+                    zz >>= 1;
                 }
-            }
-            if (!(nNodes < (MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2))) {
-                panic();
+                heap[zz] = tmp;
+
             }
 
-            tooLong = false;
-            for (i = 1; i <= alphaSize; i++) {
-                j = 0;
-                k = i;
-                while (parent[k] >= 0) {
-                    k = parent[k];
+            // assert (nNodes < (MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2)) : nNodes;
+
+            for (int i = 1; i <= alphaSize; i++) {
+                int j = 0;
+                int k = i;
+
+                for (int parent_k; (parent_k = parent[k]) >= 0;) {
+                    k = parent_k;
                     j++;
                 }
+
                 len[i - 1] = (char) j;
                 if (j > maxLen) {
                     tooLong = true;
                 }
             }
 
-            if (!tooLong) {
-                break;
+            if (tooLong) {
+                for (int i = 1; i < alphaSize; i++) {
+                    int j = weight[i] >> 8;
+                    j = 1 + (j >> 1);
+                    weight[i] = j << 8;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void hbMakeCodeLengths(final byte[] len, final int[] freq,
+                                          final Data dat, final int alphaSize,
+                                          final int maxLen) {
+        /*
+         * Nodes and heap entries run from 1. Entry 0 for both the heap and
+         * nodes is a sentinel.
+         */
+        final int[] heap = dat.heap;
+        final int[] weight = dat.weight;
+        final int[] parent = dat.parent;
+
+        for (int i = alphaSize; --i >= 0;) {
+            weight[i + 1] = (freq[i] == 0 ? 1 : freq[i]) << 8;
+        }
+
+        for (boolean tooLong = true; tooLong;) {
+            tooLong = false;
+
+            int nNodes = alphaSize;
+            int nHeap = 0;
+            heap[0] = 0;
+            weight[0] = 0;
+            parent[0] = -2;
+
+            for (int i = 1; i <= alphaSize; i++) {
+                parent[i] = -1;
+                nHeap++;
+                heap[nHeap] = i;
+
+                int zz = nHeap;
+                int tmp = heap[zz];
+                while (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[zz >> 1]]) {
+                    heap[zz] = heap[zz >> 1];
+                    zz >>= 1;
+                }
+                heap[zz] = tmp;
+            }
+
+            while (nHeap > 1) {
+                int n1 = heap[1];
+                heap[1] = heap[nHeap];
+                nHeap--;
+
+                int yy = 0;
+                int zz = 1;
+                int tmp = heap[1];
+
+                while (true) {
+                    yy = zz << 1;
+
+                    if (yy > nHeap) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if ((yy < nHeap)
+                        && (weight[heap[yy + 1]] < weight[heap[yy]])) {
+                        yy++;
+                    }
+
+                    if (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[yy]]) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    heap[zz] = heap[yy];
+                    zz = yy;
+                }
+
+                heap[zz] = tmp;
+
+                int n2 = heap[1];
+                heap[1] = heap[nHeap];
+                nHeap--;
+
+                yy = 0;
+                zz = 1;
+                tmp = heap[1];
+
+                while (true) {
+                    yy = zz << 1;
+
+                    if (yy > nHeap) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if ((yy < nHeap)
+                        && (weight[heap[yy + 1]] < weight[heap[yy]])) {
+                        yy++;
+                    }
+
+                    if (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[yy]]) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    heap[zz] = heap[yy];
+                    zz = yy;
+                }
+
+                heap[zz] = tmp;
+                nNodes++;
+                parent[n1] = parent[n2] = nNodes;
+
+                final int weight_n1 = weight[n1];
+                final int weight_n2 = weight[n2];
+                weight[nNodes] = ((weight_n1 & 0xffffff00)
+                                  + (weight_n2 & 0xffffff00))
+                    | (1 + (((weight_n1 & 0x000000ff)
+                             > (weight_n2 & 0x000000ff))
+                            ? (weight_n1 & 0x000000ff)
+                            : (weight_n2 & 0x000000ff)));
+
+                parent[nNodes] = -1;
+                nHeap++;
+                heap[nHeap] = nNodes;
+
+                tmp = 0;
+                zz = nHeap;
+                tmp = heap[zz];
+                final int weight_tmp = weight[tmp];
+                while (weight_tmp < weight[heap[zz >> 1]]) {
+                    heap[zz] = heap[zz >> 1];
+                    zz >>= 1;
+                }
+                heap[zz] = tmp;
+
             }
 
-            for (i = 1; i < alphaSize; i++) {
-                j = weight[i] >> 8;
-                j = 1 + (j / 2);
-                weight[i] = j << 8;
+            for (int i = 1; i <= alphaSize; i++) {
+                int j = 0;
+                int k = i;
+
+                for (int parent_k; (parent_k = parent[k]) >= 0;) {
+                    k = parent_k;
+                    j++;
+                }
+
+                len[i - 1] = (byte) j;
+                if (j > maxLen) {
+                    tooLong = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (tooLong) {
+                for (int i = 1; i < alphaSize; i++) {
+                    int j = weight[i] >> 8;
+                    j = 1 + (j >> 1);
+                    weight[i] = j << 8;
+                }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    /*
-      index of the last char in the block, so
-      the block size == last + 1.
-    */
-    int last;
-
-    /*
-      index in zptr[] of original string after sorting.
-    */
-    int origPtr;
+    /**
+     * Index of the last char in the block, so the block size == last + 1.
+     */
+    private int last;
 
-    /*
-      always: in the range 0 .. 9.
-      The current block size is 100000 * this number.
-    */
-    int blockSize100k;
-
-    boolean blockRandomised;
-
-    int bytesOut;
-    int bsBuff;
-    int bsLive;
-    CRC mCrc = new CRC();
+    /**
+     * Index in fmap[] of original string after sorting.
+     */
+    private int origPtr;
 
-    private boolean[] inUse = new boolean[256];
-    private int nInUse;
+    /**
+     * Always: in the range 0 .. 9. The current block size is 100000 * this
+     * number.
+     */
+    private final int blockSize100k;
 
-    private char[] seqToUnseq = new char[256];
-    private char[] unseqToSeq = new char[256];
+    private boolean blockRandomised;
 
-    private char[] selector = new char[MAX_SELECTORS];
-    private char[] selectorMtf = new char[MAX_SELECTORS];
+    private int bsBuff;
+    private int bsLive;
+    private final CRC crc = new CRC();
 
-    private char[] block;
-    private int[] quadrant;
-    private int[] zptr;
-    private short[] szptr;
-    private int[] ftab;
+    private int nInUse;
 
     private int nMTF;
 
-    private int[] mtfFreq = new int[MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
-
     /*
-     * Used when sorting.  If too many long comparisons
-     * happen, we stop sorting, randomise the block
-     * slightly, and try again.
+     * Used when sorting. If too many long comparisons happen, we stop sorting,
+     * randomise the block slightly, and try again.
      */
-    private int workFactor;
     private int workDone;
     private int workLimit;
     private boolean firstAttempt;
-    private int nBlocksRandomised;
 
     private int currentChar = -1;
     private int runLength = 0;
 
-    public CBZip2OutputStream(OutputStream inStream) throws IOException {
-        this(inStream, 9);
+    private int blockCRC;
+    private int combinedCRC;
+    private int allowableBlockSize;
+
+    /**
+     * All memory intensive stuff.
+     */
+    private CBZip2OutputStream.Data data;
+
+    private OutputStream out;
+
+    /**
+     * Chooses a blocksize based on the given length of the data to compress.
+     *
+     * @return The blocksize, between {@link #MIN_BLOCKSIZE} and
+     *         {@link #MAX_BLOCKSIZE} both inclusive. For a negative
+     *         <tt>inputLength</tt> this method returns <tt>MAX_BLOCKSIZE</tt>
+     *         always.
+     *
+     * @param inputLength
+     *            The length of the data which will be compressed by
+     *            <tt>CBZip2OutputStream</tt>.
+     */
+    public static int chooseBlockSize(long inputLength) {
+        return (inputLength > 0) ? (int) Math
+            .min((inputLength / 132000) + 1, 9) : MAX_BLOCKSIZE;
     }
 
-    public CBZip2OutputStream(OutputStream inStream, int inBlockSize)
-        throws IOException {
-        block = null;
-        quadrant = null;
-        zptr = null;
-        ftab = null;
-
-        bsSetStream(inStream);
-
-        workFactor = 50;
-        if (inBlockSize > 9) {
-            inBlockSize = 9;
-        }
-        if (inBlockSize < 1) {
-            inBlockSize = 1;
-        }
-        blockSize100k = inBlockSize;
-        allocateCompressStructures();
-        initialize();
-        initBlock();
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new <tt>CBZip2OutputStream</tt> with a blocksize of 900k.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * <b>Attention: </b>The caller is resonsible to write the two BZip2 magic
+     * bytes <tt>"BZ"</tt> to the specified stream prior to calling this
+     * constructor.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param out *
+     *            the destination stream.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException
+     *             if an I/O error occurs in the specified stream.
+     * @throws NullPointerException
+     *             if <code>out == null</code>.
+     */
+    public CBZip2OutputStream(final OutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        this(out, MAX_BLOCKSIZE);
     }
 
     /**
+     * Constructs a new <tt>CBZip2OutputStream</tt> with specified blocksize.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * <b>Attention: </b>The caller is resonsible to write the two BZip2 magic
+     * bytes <tt>"BZ"</tt> to the specified stream prior to calling this
+     * constructor.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     *
+     * @param out
+     *            the destination stream.
+     * @param blockSize
+     *            the blockSize as 100k units.
      *
-     * modified by Oliver Merkel, 010128
+     * @throws IOException
+     *             if an I/O error occurs in the specified stream.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
+     *             if <code>(blockSize < 1) || (blockSize > 9)</code>.
+     * @throws NullPointerException
+     *             if <code>out == null</code>.
      *
+     * @see #MIN_BLOCKSIZE
+     * @see #MAX_BLOCKSIZE
      */
-    public void write(int bv) throws IOException {
-        int b = (256 + bv) % 256;
-        if (currentChar != -1) {
-            if (currentChar == b) {
-                runLength++;
-                if (runLength > 254) {
-                    writeRun();
-                    currentChar = -1;
-                    runLength = 0;
-                }
-            } else {
-                writeRun();
-                runLength = 1;
-                currentChar = b;
-            }
+    public CBZip2OutputStream(final OutputStream out, final int blockSize)
+        throws IOException {
+        super();
+
+        if (blockSize < 1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("blockSize(" + blockSize
+                                               + ") < 1");
+        }
+        if (blockSize > 9) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("blockSize(" + blockSize
+                                               + ") > 9");
+        }
+
+        this.blockSize100k = blockSize;
+        this.out = out;
+        init();
+    }
+
+    public void write(final int b) throws IOException {
+        if (this.out != null) {
+            write0(b);
         } else {
-            currentChar = b;
-            runLength++;
+            throw new IOException("closed");
         }
     }
 
     private void writeRun() throws IOException {
-        if (last < allowableBlockSize) {
-            inUse[currentChar] = true;
-            for (int i = 0; i < runLength; i++) {
-                mCrc.updateCRC((char) currentChar);
-            }
-            switch (runLength) {
+        final int lastShadow = this.last;
+
+        if (lastShadow < this.allowableBlockSize) {
+            final int currentCharShadow = this.currentChar;
+            final Data dataShadow = this.data;
+            dataShadow.inUse[currentCharShadow] = true;
+            final byte ch = (byte) currentCharShadow;
+
+            int runLengthShadow = this.runLength;
+            this.crc.updateCRC(currentCharShadow, runLengthShadow);
+
+            switch (runLengthShadow) {
             case 1:
-                last++;
-                block[last + 1] = (char) currentChar;
+                dataShadow.block[lastShadow + 2] = ch;
+                this.last = lastShadow + 1;
                 break;
+
             case 2:
-                last++;
-                block[last + 1] = (char) currentChar;
-                last++;
-                block[last + 1] = (char) currentChar;
+                dataShadow.block[lastShadow + 2] = ch;
+                dataShadow.block[lastShadow + 3] = ch;
+                this.last = lastShadow + 2;
                 break;
-            case 3:
-                last++;
-                block[last + 1] = (char) currentChar;
-                last++;
-                block[last + 1] = (char) currentChar;
-                last++;
-                block[last + 1] = (char) currentChar;
+
+            case 3: {
+                final byte[] block = dataShadow.block;
+                block[lastShadow + 2] = ch;
+                block[lastShadow + 3] = ch;
+                block[lastShadow + 4] = ch;
+                this.last = lastShadow + 3;
+            }
                 break;
-            default:
-                inUse[runLength - 4] = true;
-                last++;
-                block[last + 1] = (char) currentChar;
-                last++;
-                block[last + 1] = (char) currentChar;
-                last++;
-                block[last + 1] = (char) currentChar;
-                last++;
-                block[last + 1] = (char) currentChar;
-                last++;
-                block[last + 1] = (char) (runLength - 4);
+
+            default: {
+                runLengthShadow -= 4;
+                dataShadow.inUse[runLengthShadow] = true;
+                final byte[] block = dataShadow.block;
+                block[lastShadow + 2] = ch;
+                block[lastShadow + 3] = ch;
+                block[lastShadow + 4] = ch;
+                block[lastShadow + 5] = ch;
+                block[lastShadow + 6] = (byte) runLengthShadow;
+                this.last = lastShadow + 5;
+            }
                 break;
+
             }
         } else {
             endBlock();
@@ -370,113 +714,116 @@
         }
     }
 
-    boolean closed = false;
-
+    /**
+     * Overriden to close the stream.
+     */
     protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
-        close();
+        finish();
         super.finalize();
     }
 
-    public void close() throws IOException {
-        if (closed) {
-            return;
-        }
-        finish();
-        super.close();
-        bsStream.close();
-        closed = true;    	
-    }
-    
-    protected void finish() throws IOException {
-        if (closed) {
-            return;
+
+    public void finish() throws IOException {
+        if (out != null) {
+            try {
+                if (this.runLength > 0) {
+                    writeRun();
+                }
+                this.currentChar = -1;
+                endBlock();
+                endCompression();
+            } finally {
+                this.out = null;
+                this.data = null;
+            }
         }
+    }
 
-        if (runLength > 0) {
-            writeRun();
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        if (out != null) {
+            OutputStream outShadow = this.out;
+            finish();
+            outShadow.close();
         }
-        currentChar = -1;
-        endBlock();
-        endCompression();
     }
 
     public void flush() throws IOException {
-        super.flush();
-        bsStream.flush();
+        OutputStream outShadow = this.out;
+        if (outShadow != null) {
+            outShadow.flush();
+        }
     }
 
-    private int blockCRC, combinedCRC;
+    private void init() throws IOException {
+        // write magic: done by caller who created this stream
+        // this.out.write('B');
+        // this.out.write('Z');
 
-    private void initialize() throws IOException {
-        bytesOut = 0;
-        nBlocksRandomised = 0;
+        this.data = new Data(this.blockSize100k);
 
-        /* Write `magic' bytes h indicating file-format == huffmanised,
-           followed by a digit indicating blockSize100k.
-        */
-        bsPutUChar('h');
-        bsPutUChar('0' + blockSize100k);
+        /*
+         * Write `magic' bytes h indicating file-format == huffmanised, followed
+         * by a digit indicating blockSize100k.
+         */
+        bsPutUByte('h');
+        bsPutUByte('0' + this.blockSize100k);
 
-        combinedCRC = 0;
+        this.combinedCRC = 0;
+        initBlock();
     }
 
-    private int allowableBlockSize;
-
     private void initBlock() {
-        //        blockNo++;
-        mCrc.initialiseCRC();
-        last = -1;
-        //        ch = 0;
+        // blockNo++;
+        this.crc.initialiseCRC();
+        this.last = -1;
+        // ch = 0;
 
-        for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+        boolean[] inUse = this.data.inUse;
+        for (int i = 256; --i >= 0;) {
             inUse[i] = false;
         }
 
         /* 20 is just a paranoia constant */
-        allowableBlockSize = baseBlockSize * blockSize100k - 20;
+        this.allowableBlockSize = (this.blockSize100k * BZip2Constants.baseBlockSize) - 20;
     }
 
     private void endBlock() throws IOException {
-        blockCRC = mCrc.getFinalCRC();
-        combinedCRC = (combinedCRC << 1) | (combinedCRC >>> 31);
-        combinedCRC ^= blockCRC;
-
-        // If the stream was empty we must skip the rest of this method.
-        // See bug#32200.
-        if (last == -1) {
-	    return;
+        this.blockCRC = this.crc.getFinalCRC();
+        this.combinedCRC = (this.combinedCRC << 1) | (this.combinedCRC >>> 31);
+        this.combinedCRC ^= this.blockCRC;
+
+        // empty block at end of file
+        if (this.last == -1) {
+            return;
         }
-        
+
         /* sort the block and establish posn of original string */
-        doReversibleTransformation();
+        blockSort();
 
         /*
-          A 6-byte block header, the value chosen arbitrarily
-          as 0x314159265359 :-).  A 32 bit value does not really
-          give a strong enough guarantee that the value will not
-          appear by chance in the compressed datastream.  Worst-case
-          probability of this event, for a 900k block, is about
-          2.0e-3 for 32 bits, 1.0e-5 for 40 bits and 4.0e-8 for 48 bits.
-          For a compressed file of size 100Gb -- about 100000 blocks --
-          only a 48-bit marker will do.  NB: normal compression/
-          decompression do *not* rely on these statistical properties.
-          They are only important when trying to recover blocks from
-          damaged files.
-        */
-        bsPutUChar(0x31);
-        bsPutUChar(0x41);
-        bsPutUChar(0x59);
-        bsPutUChar(0x26);
-        bsPutUChar(0x53);
-        bsPutUChar(0x59);
+         * A 6-byte block header, the value chosen arbitrarily as 0x314159265359
+         * :-). A 32 bit value does not really give a strong enough guarantee
+         * that the value will not appear by chance in the compressed
+         * datastream. Worst-case probability of this event, for a 900k block,
+         * is about 2.0e-3 for 32 bits, 1.0e-5 for 40 bits and 4.0e-8 for 48
+         * bits. For a compressed file of size 100Gb -- about 100000 blocks --
+         * only a 48-bit marker will do. NB: normal compression/ decompression
+         * donot rely on these statistical properties. They are only important
+         * when trying to recover blocks from damaged files.
+         */
+        bsPutUByte(0x31);
+        bsPutUByte(0x41);
+        bsPutUByte(0x59);
+        bsPutUByte(0x26);
+        bsPutUByte(0x53);
+        bsPutUByte(0x59);
 
         /* Now the block's CRC, so it is in a known place. */
-        bsPutint(blockCRC);
+        bsPutInt(this.blockCRC);
 
         /* Now a single bit indicating randomisation. */
-        if (blockRandomised) {
+        if (this.blockRandomised) {
             bsW(1, 1);
-            nBlocksRandomised++;
         } else {
             bsW(1, 0);
         }
@@ -487,32 +834,79 @@
 
     private void endCompression() throws IOException {
         /*
-          Now another magic 48-bit number, 0x177245385090, to
-          indicate the end of the last block.  (sqrt(pi), if
-          you want to know.  I did want to use e, but it contains
-          too much repetition -- 27 18 28 18 28 46 -- for me
-          to feel statistically comfortable.  Call me paranoid.)
-        */
-        bsPutUChar(0x17);
-        bsPutUChar(0x72);
-        bsPutUChar(0x45);
-        bsPutUChar(0x38);
-        bsPutUChar(0x50);
-        bsPutUChar(0x90);
-
-        bsPutint(combinedCRC);
+         * Now another magic 48-bit number, 0x177245385090, to indicate the end
+         * of the last block. (sqrt(pi), if you want to know. I did want to use
+         * e, but it contains too much repetition -- 27 18 28 18 28 46 -- for me
+         * to feel statistically comfortable. Call me paranoid.)
+         */
+        bsPutUByte(0x17);
+        bsPutUByte(0x72);
+        bsPutUByte(0x45);
+        bsPutUByte(0x38);
+        bsPutUByte(0x50);
+        bsPutUByte(0x90);
 
+        bsPutInt(this.combinedCRC);
         bsFinishedWithStream();
     }
 
-    private void hbAssignCodes (int[] code, char[] length, int minLen,
-                                int maxLen, int alphaSize) {
-        int n, vec, i;
-
-        vec = 0;
-        for (n = minLen; n <= maxLen; n++) {
-            for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++) {
-                if (length[i] == n) {
+    /**
+     * Returns the blocksize parameter specified at construction time.
+     */
+    public final int getBlockSize() {
+        return this.blockSize100k;
+    }
+
+    public void write(final byte[] buf, int offs, final int len)
+        throws IOException {
+        if (offs < 0) {
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("offs(" + offs + ") < 0.");
+        }
+        if (len < 0) {
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("len(" + len + ") < 0.");
+        }
+        if (offs + len > buf.length) {
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("offs(" + offs + ") + len("
+                                                + len + ") > buf.length("
+                                                + buf.length + ").");
+        }
+        if (this.out == null) {
+            throw new IOException("stream closed");
+        }
+
+        for (int hi = offs + len; offs < hi;) {
+            write0(buf[offs++]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void write0(int b) throws IOException {
+        if (this.currentChar != -1) {
+            b &= 0xff;
+            if (this.currentChar == b) {
+                if (++this.runLength > 254) {
+                    writeRun();
+                    this.currentChar = -1;
+                    this.runLength = 0;
+                }
+                // else nothing to do
+            } else {
+                writeRun();
+                this.runLength = 1;
+                this.currentChar = b;
+            }
+        } else {
+            this.currentChar = b & 0xff;
+            this.runLength++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void hbAssignCodes(final int[] code, final byte[] length,
+                                      final int minLen, final int maxLen,
+                                      final int alphaSize) {
+        int vec = 0;
+        for (int n = minLen; n <= maxLen; n++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++) {
+                if ((length[i] & 0xff) == n) {
                     code[i] = vec;
                     vec++;
                 }
@@ -521,1061 +915,1063 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void bsSetStream(OutputStream f) {
-        bsStream = f;
-        bsLive = 0;
-        bsBuff = 0;
-        bytesOut = 0;
-    }
-
     private void bsFinishedWithStream() throws IOException {
-        while (bsLive > 0) {
-            int ch = (bsBuff >> 24);
-            try {
-                bsStream.write(ch); // write 8-bit
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                throw  e;
-            }
-            bsBuff <<= 8;
-            bsLive -= 8;
-            bytesOut++;
+        while (this.bsLive > 0) {
+            int ch = this.bsBuff >> 24;
+            this.out.write(ch); // write 8-bit
+            this.bsBuff <<= 8;
+            this.bsLive -= 8;
         }
     }
 
-    private void bsW(int n, int v) throws IOException {
-        while (bsLive >= 8) {
-            int ch = (bsBuff >> 24);
-            try {
-                bsStream.write(ch); // write 8-bit
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                throw e;
-            }
-            bsBuff <<= 8;
-            bsLive -= 8;
-            bytesOut++;
+    private void bsW(final int n, final int v) throws IOException {
+        final OutputStream outShadow = this.out;
+        int bsLiveShadow = this.bsLive;
+        int bsBuffShadow = this.bsBuff;
+
+        while (bsLiveShadow >= 8) {
+            outShadow.write(bsBuffShadow >> 24); // write 8-bit
+            bsBuffShadow <<= 8;
+            bsLiveShadow -= 8;
         }
-        bsBuff |= (v << (32 - bsLive - n));
-        bsLive += n;
+
+        this.bsBuff = bsBuffShadow | (v << (32 - bsLiveShadow - n));
+        this.bsLive = bsLiveShadow + n;
     }
 
-    private void bsPutUChar(int c) throws IOException {
+    private void bsPutUByte(final int c) throws IOException {
         bsW(8, c);
     }
 
-    private void bsPutint(int u) throws IOException {
+    private void bsPutInt(final int u) throws IOException {
         bsW(8, (u >> 24) & 0xff);
         bsW(8, (u >> 16) & 0xff);
-        bsW(8, (u >>  8) & 0xff);
-        bsW(8,  u        & 0xff);
-    }
-
-    private void bsPutIntVS(int numBits, int c) throws IOException {
-        bsW(numBits, c);
+        bsW(8, (u >> 8) & 0xff);
+        bsW(8, u & 0xff);
     }
 
     private void sendMTFValues() throws IOException {
-        char len[][] = new char[N_GROUPS][MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
+        final byte[][] len = this.data.sendMTFValues_len;
+        final int alphaSize = this.nInUse + 2;
 
-        int v, t, i, j, gs, ge, totc, bt, bc, iter;
-        int nSelectors = 0, alphaSize, minLen, maxLen, selCtr;
-        int nGroups; //, nBytes;
-
-        alphaSize = nInUse + 2;
-        for (t = 0; t < N_GROUPS; t++) {
-            for (v = 0; v < alphaSize; v++) {
-                len[t][v] = (char) GREATER_ICOST;
+        for (int t = N_GROUPS; --t >= 0;) {
+            byte[] len_t = len[t];
+            for (int v = alphaSize; --v >= 0;) {
+                len_t[v] = GREATER_ICOST;
             }
         }
 
         /* Decide how many coding tables to use */
-        if (nMTF <= 0) {
-            panic();
-        }
+        // assert (this.nMTF > 0) : this.nMTF;
+        final int nGroups = (this.nMTF < 200) ? 2 : (this.nMTF < 600) ? 3
+            : (this.nMTF < 1200) ? 4 : (this.nMTF < 2400) ? 5 : 6;
 
-        if (nMTF < 200) {
-            nGroups = 2;
-        } else if (nMTF < 600) {
-            nGroups = 3;
-        } else if (nMTF < 1200) {
-            nGroups = 4;
-        } else if (nMTF < 2400) {
-            nGroups = 5;
-        } else {
-            nGroups = 6;
-        }
+        /* Generate an initial set of coding tables */
+        sendMTFValues0(nGroups, alphaSize);
 
-        /* Generate an initial set of coding tables */ {
-            int nPart, remF, tFreq, aFreq;
+        /*
+         * Iterate up to N_ITERS times to improve the tables.
+         */
+        final int nSelectors = sendMTFValues1(nGroups, alphaSize);
 
-            nPart = nGroups;
-            remF  = nMTF;
-            gs = 0;
-            while (nPart > 0) {
-                tFreq = remF / nPart;
-                ge = gs - 1;
-                aFreq = 0;
-                while (aFreq < tFreq && ge < alphaSize - 1) {
-                    ge++;
-                    aFreq += mtfFreq[ge];
-                }
+        /* Compute MTF values for the selectors. */
+        sendMTFValues2(nGroups, nSelectors);
 
-                if (ge > gs && nPart != nGroups && nPart != 1
-                    && ((nGroups - nPart) % 2 != 0)) {
-                    aFreq -= mtfFreq[ge];
-                    ge--;
-                }
+        /* Assign actual codes for the tables. */
+        sendMTFValues3(nGroups, alphaSize);
 
-                for (v = 0; v < alphaSize; v++) {
-                    if (v >= gs && v <= ge) {
-                        len[nPart - 1][v] = (char) LESSER_ICOST;
-                    } else {
-                        len[nPart - 1][v] = (char) GREATER_ICOST;
-                    }
-                }
+        /* Transmit the mapping table. */
+        sendMTFValues4();
 
-                nPart--;
-                gs = ge + 1;
-                remF -= aFreq;
+        /* Now the selectors. */
+        sendMTFValues5(nGroups, nSelectors);
+
+        /* Now the coding tables. */
+        sendMTFValues6(nGroups, alphaSize);
+
+        /* And finally, the block data proper */
+        sendMTFValues7(nSelectors);
+    }
+
+    private void sendMTFValues0(final int nGroups, final int alphaSize) {
+        final byte[][] len = this.data.sendMTFValues_len;
+        final int[] mtfFreq = this.data.mtfFreq;
+
+        int remF = this.nMTF;
+        int gs = 0;
+
+        for (int nPart = nGroups; nPart > 0; nPart--) {
+            final int tFreq = remF / nPart;
+            int ge = gs - 1;
+            int aFreq = 0;
+
+            for (final int a = alphaSize - 1; (aFreq < tFreq) && (ge < a);) {
+                aFreq += mtfFreq[++ge];
             }
-        }
 
-        int[][] rfreq = new int[N_GROUPS][MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
-        int[] fave = new int[N_GROUPS];
-        short[] cost = new short[N_GROUPS];
-        /*
-          Iterate up to N_ITERS times to improve the tables.
-        */
-        for (iter = 0; iter < N_ITERS; iter++) {
-            for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
-                fave[t] = 0;
+            if ((ge > gs) && (nPart != nGroups) && (nPart != 1)
+                && (((nGroups - nPart) & 1) != 0)) {
+                aFreq -= mtfFreq[ge--];
             }
 
-            for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
-                for (v = 0; v < alphaSize; v++) {
-                    rfreq[t][v] = 0;
+            final byte[] len_np = len[nPart - 1];
+            for (int v = alphaSize; --v >= 0;) {
+                if ((v >= gs) && (v <= ge)) {
+                    len_np[v] = LESSER_ICOST;
+                } else {
+                    len_np[v] = GREATER_ICOST;
+                }
+            }
+
+            gs = ge + 1;
+            remF -= aFreq;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int sendMTFValues1(final int nGroups, final int alphaSize) {
+        final Data dataShadow = this.data;
+        final int[][] rfreq = dataShadow.sendMTFValues_rfreq;
+        final int[] fave = dataShadow.sendMTFValues_fave;
+        final short[] cost = dataShadow.sendMTFValues_cost;
+        final char[] sfmap = dataShadow.sfmap;
+        final byte[] selector = dataShadow.selector;
+        final byte[][] len = dataShadow.sendMTFValues_len;
+        final byte[] len_0 = len[0];
+        final byte[] len_1 = len[1];
+        final byte[] len_2 = len[2];
+        final byte[] len_3 = len[3];
+        final byte[] len_4 = len[4];
+        final byte[] len_5 = len[5];
+        final int nMTFShadow = this.nMTF;
+
+        int nSelectors = 0;
+
+        for (int iter = 0; iter < N_ITERS; iter++) {
+            for (int t = nGroups; --t >= 0;) {
+                fave[t] = 0;
+                int[] rfreqt = rfreq[t];
+                for (int i = alphaSize; --i >= 0;) {
+                    rfreqt[i] = 0;
                 }
             }
 
             nSelectors = 0;
-            totc = 0;
-            gs = 0;
-            while (true) {
 
+            for (int gs = 0; gs < this.nMTF;) {
                 /* Set group start & end marks. */
-                if (gs >= nMTF) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                ge = gs + G_SIZE - 1;
-                if (ge >= nMTF) {
-                    ge = nMTF - 1;
-                }
 
                 /*
-                  Calculate the cost of this group as coded
-                  by each of the coding tables.
-                */
-                for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
-                    cost[t] = 0;
-                }
-
-                if (nGroups == 6) {
-                    short cost0, cost1, cost2, cost3, cost4, cost5;
-                    cost0 = cost1 = cost2 = cost3 = cost4 = cost5 = 0;
-                    for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++) {
-                        short icv = szptr[i];
-                        cost0 += len[0][icv];
-                        cost1 += len[1][icv];
-                        cost2 += len[2][icv];
-                        cost3 += len[3][icv];
-                        cost4 += len[4][icv];
-                        cost5 += len[5][icv];
+                 * Calculate the cost of this group as coded by each of the
+                 * coding tables.
+                 */
+
+                final int ge = Math.min(gs + G_SIZE - 1, nMTFShadow - 1);
+
+                if (nGroups == N_GROUPS) {
+                    // unrolled version of the else-block
+
+                    short cost0 = 0;
+                    short cost1 = 0;
+                    short cost2 = 0;
+                    short cost3 = 0;
+                    short cost4 = 0;
+                    short cost5 = 0;
+
+                    for (int i = gs; i <= ge; i++) {
+                        final int icv = sfmap[i];
+                        cost0 += len_0[icv] & 0xff;
+                        cost1 += len_1[icv] & 0xff;
+                        cost2 += len_2[icv] & 0xff;
+                        cost3 += len_3[icv] & 0xff;
+                        cost4 += len_4[icv] & 0xff;
+                        cost5 += len_5[icv] & 0xff;
                     }
+
                     cost[0] = cost0;
                     cost[1] = cost1;
                     cost[2] = cost2;
                     cost[3] = cost3;
                     cost[4] = cost4;
                     cost[5] = cost5;
+
                 } else {
-                    for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++) {
-                        short icv = szptr[i];
-                        for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
-                            cost[t] += len[t][icv];
+                    for (int t = nGroups; --t >= 0;) {
+                        cost[t] = 0;
+                    }
+
+                    for (int i = gs; i <= ge; i++) {
+                        final int icv = sfmap[i];
+                        for (int t = nGroups; --t >= 0;) {
+                            cost[t] += len[t][icv] & 0xff;
                         }
                     }
                 }
 
                 /*
-                  Find the coding table which is best for this group,
-                  and record its identity in the selector table.
-                */
-                bc = 999999999;
-                bt = -1;
-                for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
-                    if (cost[t] < bc) {
-                        bc = cost[t];
+                 * Find the coding table which is best for this group, and
+                 * record its identity in the selector table.
+                 */
+                int bt = -1;
+                for (int t = nGroups, bc = 999999999; --t >= 0;) {
+                    final int cost_t = cost[t];
+                    if (cost_t < bc) {
+                        bc = cost_t;
                         bt = t;
                     }
                 }
-                totc += bc;
+
                 fave[bt]++;
-                selector[nSelectors] = (char) bt;
+                selector[nSelectors] = (byte) bt;
                 nSelectors++;
 
                 /*
-                  Increment the symbol frequencies for the selected table.
-                */
-                for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++) {
-                    rfreq[bt][szptr[i]]++;
+                 * Increment the symbol frequencies for the selected table.
+                 */
+                final int[] rfreq_bt = rfreq[bt];
+                for (int i = gs; i <= ge; i++) {
+                    rfreq_bt[sfmap[i]]++;
                 }
 
                 gs = ge + 1;
             }
 
             /*
-              Recompute the tables based on the accumulated frequencies.
-            */
-            for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
-                hbMakeCodeLengths(len[t], rfreq[t], alphaSize, 20);
+             * Recompute the tables based on the accumulated frequencies.
+             */
+            for (int t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
+                hbMakeCodeLengths(len[t], rfreq[t], this.data, alphaSize, 20);
             }
         }
 
-        rfreq = null;
-        fave = null;
-        cost = null;
+        return nSelectors;
+    }
 
-        if (!(nGroups < 8)) {
-            panic();
-        }
-        if (!(nSelectors < 32768 && nSelectors <= (2 + (900000 / G_SIZE)))) {
-            panic();
+    private void sendMTFValues2(final int nGroups, final int nSelectors) {
+        // assert (nGroups < 8) : nGroups;
+
+        final Data dataShadow = this.data;
+        byte[] pos = dataShadow.sendMTFValues2_pos;
+
+        for (int i = nGroups; --i >= 0;) {
+            pos[i] = (byte) i;
         }
 
+        for (int i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
+            final byte ll_i = dataShadow.selector[i];
+            byte tmp = pos[0];
+            int j = 0;
 
-        /* Compute MTF values for the selectors. */
-        {
-            char[] pos = new char[N_GROUPS];
-            char ll_i, tmp2, tmp;
-            for (i = 0; i < nGroups; i++) {
-                pos[i] = (char) i;
-            }
-            for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
-                ll_i = selector[i];
-                j = 0;
+            while (ll_i != tmp) {
+                j++;
+                byte tmp2 = tmp;
                 tmp = pos[j];
-                while (ll_i != tmp) {
-                    j++;
-                    tmp2 = tmp;
-                    tmp = pos[j];
-                    pos[j] = tmp2;
-                }
-                pos[0] = tmp;
-                selectorMtf[i] = (char) j;
+                pos[j] = tmp2;
             }
+
+            pos[0] = tmp;
+            dataShadow.selectorMtf[i] = (byte) j;
         }
+    }
 
-        int[][] code = new int[N_GROUPS][MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
+    private void sendMTFValues3(final int nGroups, final int alphaSize) {
+        int[][] code = this.data.sendMTFValues_code;
+        byte[][] len = this.data.sendMTFValues_len;
 
-        /* Assign actual codes for the tables. */
-        for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
-            minLen = 32;
-            maxLen = 0;
-            for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++) {
-                if (len[t][i] > maxLen) {
-                    maxLen = len[t][i];
-                }
-                if (len[t][i] < minLen) {
-                    minLen = len[t][i];
+        for (int t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
+            int minLen = 32;
+            int maxLen = 0;
+            final byte[] len_t = len[t];
+            for (int i = alphaSize; --i >= 0;) {
+                final int l = len_t[i] & 0xff;
+                if (l > maxLen) {
+                    maxLen = l;
+                }
+                if (l < minLen) {
+                    minLen = l;
                 }
             }
-            if (maxLen > 20) {
-                panic();
-            }
-            if (minLen < 1) {
-                panic();
-            }
+
+            // assert (maxLen <= 20) : maxLen;
+            // assert (minLen >= 1) : minLen;
+
             hbAssignCodes(code[t], len[t], minLen, maxLen, alphaSize);
         }
+    }
 
-        /* Transmit the mapping table. */
-        {
-            boolean[] inUse16 = new boolean[16];
-            for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-                inUse16[i] = false;
-                for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
-                    if (inUse[i * 16 + j]) {
-                        inUse16[i] = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+    private void sendMTFValues4() throws IOException {
+        final boolean[] inUse = this.data.inUse;
+        final boolean[] inUse16 = this.data.sentMTFValues4_inUse16;
 
-            //nBytes = bytesOut;
-            for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-                if (inUse16[i]) {
-                    bsW(1, 1);
-                } else {
-                    bsW(1, 0);
+        for (int i = 16; --i >= 0;) {
+            inUse16[i] = false;
+            final int i16 = i * 16;
+            for (int j = 16; --j >= 0;) {
+                if (inUse[i16 + j]) {
+                    inUse16[i] = true;
                 }
             }
+        }
 
-            for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-                if (inUse16[i]) {
-                    for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
-                        if (inUse[i * 16 + j]) {
-                            bsW(1, 1);
-                        } else {
-                            bsW(1, 0);
-                        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+            bsW(1, inUse16[i] ? 1 : 0);
+        }
+
+        final OutputStream outShadow = this.out;
+        int bsLiveShadow = this.bsLive;
+        int bsBuffShadow = this.bsBuff;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+            if (inUse16[i]) {
+                final int i16 = i * 16;
+                for (int j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+                    // inlined: bsW(1, inUse[i16 + j] ? 1 : 0);
+                    while (bsLiveShadow >= 8) {
+                        outShadow.write(bsBuffShadow >> 24); // write 8-bit
+                        bsBuffShadow <<= 8;
+                        bsLiveShadow -= 8;
+                    }
+                    if (inUse[i16 + j]) {
+                        bsBuffShadow |= 1 << (32 - bsLiveShadow - 1);
                     }
+                    bsLiveShadow++;
                 }
             }
-
         }
 
-        /* Now the selectors. */
-        //nBytes = bytesOut;
-        bsW (3, nGroups);
-        bsW (15, nSelectors);
-        for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
-            for (j = 0; j < selectorMtf[i]; j++) {
-                bsW(1, 1);
+        this.bsBuff = bsBuffShadow;
+        this.bsLive = bsLiveShadow;
+    }
+
+    private void sendMTFValues5(final int nGroups, final int nSelectors)
+        throws IOException {
+        bsW(3, nGroups);
+        bsW(15, nSelectors);
+
+        final OutputStream outShadow = this.out;
+        final byte[] selectorMtf = this.data.selectorMtf;
+
+        int bsLiveShadow = this.bsLive;
+        int bsBuffShadow = this.bsBuff;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0, hj = selectorMtf[i] & 0xff; j < hj; j++) {
+                // inlined: bsW(1, 1);
+                while (bsLiveShadow >= 8) {
+                    outShadow.write(bsBuffShadow >> 24);
+                    bsBuffShadow <<= 8;
+                    bsLiveShadow -= 8;
+                }
+                bsBuffShadow |= 1 << (32 - bsLiveShadow - 1);
+                bsLiveShadow++;
             }
-            bsW(1, 0);
+
+            // inlined: bsW(1, 0);
+            while (bsLiveShadow >= 8) {
+                outShadow.write(bsBuffShadow >> 24);
+                bsBuffShadow <<= 8;
+                bsLiveShadow -= 8;
+            }
+            // bsBuffShadow |= 0 << (32 - bsLiveShadow - 1);
+            bsLiveShadow++;
         }
 
-        /* Now the coding tables. */
-        //nBytes = bytesOut;
+        this.bsBuff = bsBuffShadow;
+        this.bsLive = bsLiveShadow;
+    }
+
+    private void sendMTFValues6(final int nGroups, final int alphaSize)
+        throws IOException {
+        final byte[][] len = this.data.sendMTFValues_len;
+        final OutputStream outShadow = this.out;
+
+        int bsLiveShadow = this.bsLive;
+        int bsBuffShadow = this.bsBuff;
+
+        for (int t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
+            byte[] len_t = len[t];
+            int curr = len_t[0] & 0xff;
+
+            // inlined: bsW(5, curr);
+            while (bsLiveShadow >= 8) {
+                outShadow.write(bsBuffShadow >> 24); // write 8-bit
+                bsBuffShadow <<= 8;
+                bsLiveShadow -= 8;
+            }
+            bsBuffShadow |= curr << (32 - bsLiveShadow - 5);
+            bsLiveShadow += 5;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++) {
+                int lti = len_t[i] & 0xff;
+                while (curr < lti) {
+                    // inlined: bsW(2, 2);
+                    while (bsLiveShadow >= 8) {
+                        outShadow.write(bsBuffShadow >> 24); // write 8-bit
+                        bsBuffShadow <<= 8;
+                        bsLiveShadow -= 8;
+                    }
+                    bsBuffShadow |= 2 << (32 - bsLiveShadow - 2);
+                    bsLiveShadow += 2;
 
-        for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
-            int curr = len[t][0];
-            bsW(5, curr);
-            for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++) {
-                while (curr < len[t][i]) {
-                    bsW(2, 2);
                     curr++; /* 10 */
                 }
-                while (curr > len[t][i]) {
-                    bsW(2, 3);
+
+                while (curr > lti) {
+                    // inlined: bsW(2, 3);
+                    while (bsLiveShadow >= 8) {
+                        outShadow.write(bsBuffShadow >> 24); // write 8-bit
+                        bsBuffShadow <<= 8;
+                        bsLiveShadow -= 8;
+                    }
+                    bsBuffShadow |= 3 << (32 - bsLiveShadow - 2);
+                    bsLiveShadow += 2;
+
                     curr--; /* 11 */
                 }
-                bsW (1, 0);
+
+                // inlined: bsW(1, 0);
+                while (bsLiveShadow >= 8) {
+                    outShadow.write(bsBuffShadow >> 24); // write 8-bit
+                    bsBuffShadow <<= 8;
+                    bsLiveShadow -= 8;
+                }
+                // bsBuffShadow |= 0 << (32 - bsLiveShadow - 1);
+                bsLiveShadow++;
             }
         }
 
-        /* And finally, the block data proper */
-        //nBytes = bytesOut;
-        selCtr = 0;
-        gs = 0;
-        while (true) {
-            if (gs >= nMTF) {
-                break;
-            }
-            ge = gs + G_SIZE - 1;
-            if (ge >= nMTF) {
-                ge = nMTF - 1;
-            }
-            for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++) {
-                bsW(len[selector[selCtr]][szptr[i]],
-                    code[selector[selCtr]][szptr[i]]);
+        this.bsBuff = bsBuffShadow;
+        this.bsLive = bsLiveShadow;
+    }
+
+    private void sendMTFValues7(final int nSelectors) throws IOException {
+        final Data dataShadow = this.data;
+        final byte[][] len = dataShadow.sendMTFValues_len;
+        final int[][] code = dataShadow.sendMTFValues_code;
+        final OutputStream outShadow = this.out;
+        final byte[] selector = dataShadow.selector;
+        final char[] sfmap = dataShadow.sfmap;
+        final int nMTFShadow = this.nMTF;
+
+        int selCtr = 0;
+
+        int bsLiveShadow = this.bsLive;
+        int bsBuffShadow = this.bsBuff;
+
+        for (int gs = 0; gs < nMTFShadow;) {
+            final int ge = Math.min(gs + G_SIZE - 1, nMTFShadow - 1);
+            final int selector_selCtr = selector[selCtr] & 0xff;
+            final int[] code_selCtr = code[selector_selCtr];
+            final byte[] len_selCtr = len[selector_selCtr];
+
+            while (gs <= ge) {
+                final int sfmap_i = sfmap[gs];
+
+                //
+                // inlined: bsW(len_selCtr[sfmap_i] & 0xff,
+                // code_selCtr[sfmap_i]);
+                //
+                while (bsLiveShadow >= 8) {
+                    outShadow.write(bsBuffShadow >> 24);
+                    bsBuffShadow <<= 8;
+                    bsLiveShadow -= 8;
+                }
+                final int n = len_selCtr[sfmap_i] & 0xFF;
+                bsBuffShadow |= code_selCtr[sfmap_i] << (32 - bsLiveShadow - n);
+                bsLiveShadow += n;
+
+                gs++;
             }
 
             gs = ge + 1;
             selCtr++;
         }
-        if (!(selCtr == nSelectors)) {
-            panic();
-        }
+
+        this.bsBuff = bsBuffShadow;
+        this.bsLive = bsLiveShadow;
     }
 
-    private void moveToFrontCodeAndSend () throws IOException {
-        bsPutIntVS(24, origPtr);
+    private void moveToFrontCodeAndSend() throws IOException {
+        bsW(24, this.origPtr);
         generateMTFValues();
         sendMTFValues();
     }
 
-    private OutputStream bsStream;
-
-    private void simpleSort(int lo, int hi, int d) {
-        int i, j, h, bigN, hp;
-        int v;
-
-        bigN = hi - lo + 1;
+    /**
+     * This is the most hammered method of this class.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * This is the version using unrolled loops. Normally I never use such ones
+     * in Java code. The unrolling has shown a noticable performance improvement
+     * on JRE 1.4.2 (Linux i586 / HotSpot Client). Of course it depends on the
+     * JIT compiler of the vm.
+     * </p>
+     */
+    private boolean mainSimpleSort(final Data dataShadow, final int lo,
+                                   final int hi, final int d) {
+        final int bigN = hi - lo + 1;
         if (bigN < 2) {
-            return;
+            return this.firstAttempt && (this.workDone > this.workLimit);
         }
 
-        hp = 0;
-        while (incs[hp] < bigN) {
+        int hp = 0;
+        while (INCS[hp] < bigN) {
             hp++;
         }
-        hp--;
 
-        for (; hp >= 0; hp--) {
-            h = incs[hp];
+        final int[] fmap = dataShadow.fmap;
+        final char[] quadrant = dataShadow.quadrant;
+        final byte[] block = dataShadow.block;
+        final int lastShadow = this.last;
+        final int lastPlus1 = lastShadow + 1;
+        final boolean firstAttemptShadow = this.firstAttempt;
+        final int workLimitShadow = this.workLimit;
+        int workDoneShadow = this.workDone;
+
+        // Following block contains unrolled code which could be shortened by
+        // coding it in additional loops.
+
+        HP: while (--hp >= 0) {
+            final int h = INCS[hp];
+            final int mj = lo + h - 1;
+
+            for (int i = lo + h; i <= hi;) {
+                // copy
+                for (int k = 3; (i <= hi) && (--k >= 0); i++) {
+                    final int v = fmap[i];
+                    final int vd = v + d;
+                    int j = i;
+
+                    // for (int a;
+                    // (j > mj) && mainGtU((a = fmap[j - h]) + d, vd,
+                    // block, quadrant, lastShadow);
+                    // j -= h) {
+                    // fmap[j] = a;
+                    // }
+                    //
+                    // unrolled version:
+
+                    // start inline mainGTU
+                    boolean onceRunned = false;
+                    int a = 0;
+
+                    HAMMER: while (true) {
+                        if (onceRunned) {
+                            fmap[j] = a;
+                            if ((j -= h) <= mj) {
+                                break HAMMER;
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            onceRunned = true;
+                        }
 
-            i = lo + h;
-            while (true) {
-                /* copy 1 */
-                if (i > hi) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                v = zptr[i];
-                j = i;
-                while (fullGtU(zptr[j - h] + d, v + d)) {
-                    zptr[j] = zptr[j - h];
-                    j = j - h;
-                    if (j <= (lo + h - 1)) {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                zptr[j] = v;
-                i++;
+                        a = fmap[j - h];
+                        int i1 = a + d;
+                        int i2 = vd;
+
+                        // following could be done in a loop, but
+                        // unrolled it for performance:
+                        if (block[i1 + 1] == block[i2 + 1]) {
+                            if (block[i1 + 2] == block[i2 + 2]) {
+                                if (block[i1 + 3] == block[i2 + 3]) {
+                                    if (block[i1 + 4] == block[i2 + 4]) {
+                                        if (block[i1 + 5] == block[i2 + 5]) {
+                                            if (block[(i1 += 6)] == block[(i2 += 6)]) {
+                                                int x = lastShadow;
+                                                X: while (x > 0) {
+                                                    x -= 4;
+
+                                                    if (block[i1 + 1] == block[i2 + 1]) {
+                                                        if (quadrant[i1] == quadrant[i2]) {
+                                                            if (block[i1 + 2] == block[i2 + 2]) {
+                                                                if (quadrant[i1 + 1] == quadrant[i2 + 1]) {
+                                                                    if (block[i1 + 3] == block[i2 + 3]) {
+                                                                        if (quadrant[i1 + 2] == quadrant[i2 + 2]) {
+                                                                            if (block[i1 + 4] == block[i2 + 4]) {
+                                                                                if (quadrant[i1 + 3] == quadrant[i2 + 3]) {
+                                                                                    if ((i1 += 4) >= lastPlus1) {
+                                                                                        i1 -= lastPlus1;
+                                                                                    }
+                                                                                    if ((i2 += 4) >= lastPlus1) {
+                                                                                        i2 -= lastPlus1;
+                                                                                    }
+                                                                                    workDoneShadow++;
+                                                                                    continue X;
+                                                                                } else if ((quadrant[i1 + 3] > quadrant[i2 + 3])) {
+                                                                                    continue HAMMER;
+                                                                                } else {
+                                                                                    break HAMMER;
+                                                                                }
+                                                                            } else if ((block[i1 + 4] & 0xff) > (block[i2 + 4] & 0xff)) {
+                                                                                continue HAMMER;
+                                                                            } else {
+                                                                                break HAMMER;
+                                                                            }
+                                                                        } else if ((quadrant[i1 + 2] > quadrant[i2 + 2])) {
+                                                                            continue HAMMER;
+                                                                        } else {
+                                                                            break HAMMER;
+                                                                        }
+                                                                    } else if ((block[i1 + 3] & 0xff) > (block[i2 + 3] & 0xff)) {
+                                                                        continue HAMMER;
+                                                                    } else {
+                                                                        break HAMMER;
+                                                                    }
+                                                                } else if ((quadrant[i1 + 1] > quadrant[i2 + 1])) {
+                                                                    continue HAMMER;
+                                                                } else {
+                                                                    break HAMMER;
+                                                                }
+                                                            } else if ((block[i1 + 2] & 0xff) > (block[i2 + 2] & 0xff)) {
+                                                                continue HAMMER;
+                                                            } else {
+                                                                break HAMMER;
+                                                            }
+                                                        } else if ((quadrant[i1] > quadrant[i2])) {
+                                                            continue HAMMER;
+                                                        } else {
+                                                            break HAMMER;
+                                                        }
+                                                    } else if ((block[i1 + 1] & 0xff) > (block[i2 + 1] & 0xff)) {
+                                                        continue HAMMER;
+                                                    } else {
+                                                        break HAMMER;
+                                                    }
+
+                                                }
+                                                break HAMMER;
+                                            } // while x > 0
+                                            else {
+                                                if ((block[i1] & 0xff) > (block[i2] & 0xff)) {
+                                                    continue HAMMER;
+                                                } else {
+                                                    break HAMMER;
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        } else if ((block[i1 + 5] & 0xff) > (block[i2 + 5] & 0xff)) {
+                                            continue HAMMER;
+                                        } else {
+                                            break HAMMER;
+                                        }
+                                    } else if ((block[i1 + 4] & 0xff) > (block[i2 + 4] & 0xff)) {
+                                        continue HAMMER;
+                                    } else {
+                                        break HAMMER;
+                                    }
+                                } else if ((block[i1 + 3] & 0xff) > (block[i2 + 3] & 0xff)) {
+                                    continue HAMMER;
+                                } else {
+                                    break HAMMER;
+                                }
+                            } else if ((block[i1 + 2] & 0xff) > (block[i2 + 2] & 0xff)) {
+                                continue HAMMER;
+                            } else {
+                                break HAMMER;
+                            }
+                        } else if ((block[i1 + 1] & 0xff) > (block[i2 + 1] & 0xff)) {
+                            continue HAMMER;
+                        } else {
+                            break HAMMER;
+                        }
 
-                /* copy 2 */
-                if (i > hi) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                v = zptr[i];
-                j = i;
-                while (fullGtU(zptr[j - h] + d, v + d)) {
-                    zptr[j] = zptr[j - h];
-                    j = j - h;
-                    if (j <= (lo + h - 1)) {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                zptr[j] = v;
-                i++;
+                    } // HAMMER
+                    // end inline mainGTU
 
-                /* copy 3 */
-                if (i > hi) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                v = zptr[i];
-                j = i;
-                while (fullGtU(zptr[j - h] + d, v + d)) {
-                    zptr[j] = zptr[j - h];
-                    j = j - h;
-                    if (j <= (lo + h - 1)) {
-                        break;
-                    }
+                    fmap[j] = v;
                 }
-                zptr[j] = v;
-                i++;
 
-                if (workDone > workLimit && firstAttempt) {
-                    return;
+                if (firstAttemptShadow && (i <= hi)
+                    && (workDoneShadow > workLimitShadow)) {
+                    break HP;
                 }
             }
         }
-    }
 
-    private void vswap(int p1, int p2, int n) {
-        int temp = 0;
-        while (n > 0) {
-            temp = zptr[p1];
-            zptr[p1] = zptr[p2];
-            zptr[p2] = temp;
-            p1++;
-            p2++;
-            n--;
-        }
+        this.workDone = workDoneShadow;
+        return firstAttemptShadow && (workDoneShadow > workLimitShadow);
     }
 
-    private char med3(char a, char b, char c) {
-        char t;
-        if (a > b) {
-            t = a;
-            a = b;
-            b = t;
-        }
-        if (b > c) {
-            b = c;
+    private static void vswap(int[] fmap, int p1, int p2, int n) {
+        n += p1;
+        while (p1 < n) {
+            int t = fmap[p1];
+            fmap[p1++] = fmap[p2];
+            fmap[p2++] = t;
         }
-        if (a > b) {
-            b = a;
-        }
-        return b;
     }
 
-    private static class StackElem {
-        int ll;
-        int hh;
-        int dd;
+    private static byte med3(byte a, byte b, byte c) {
+        return (a < b) ? (b < c ? b : a < c ? c : a) : (b > c ? b : a > c ? c
+                                                        : a);
     }
 
-    private void qSort3(int loSt, int hiSt, int dSt, StackElem[] stack) {
-        int unLo, unHi, ltLo, gtHi, med, n, m;
-        int sp, lo, hi, d;
-
-        sp = 0;
+    private void blockSort() {
+        this.workLimit = WORK_FACTOR * this.last;
+        this.workDone = 0;
+        this.blockRandomised = false;
+        this.firstAttempt = true;
+        mainSort();
 
-        stack[sp].ll = loSt;
-        stack[sp].hh = hiSt;
-        stack[sp].dd = dSt;
-        sp++;
+        if (this.firstAttempt && (this.workDone > this.workLimit)) {
+            randomiseBlock();
+            this.workLimit = this.workDone = 0;
+            this.firstAttempt = false;
+            mainSort();
+        }
 
-        while (sp > 0) {
-            if (sp >= QSORT_STACK_SIZE) {
-                panic();
+        int[] fmap = this.data.fmap;
+        this.origPtr = -1;
+        for (int i = 0, lastShadow = this.last; i <= lastShadow; i++) {
+            if (fmap[i] == 0) {
+                this.origPtr = i;
+                break;
             }
+        }
 
-            sp--;
-            lo = stack[sp].ll;
-            hi = stack[sp].hh;
-            d = stack[sp].dd;
+        // assert (this.origPtr != -1) : this.origPtr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method "mainQSort3", file "blocksort.c", BZip2 1.0.2
+     */
+    private void mainQSort3(final Data dataShadow, final int loSt,
+                            final int hiSt, final int dSt) {
+        final int[] stack_ll = dataShadow.stack_ll;
+        final int[] stack_hh = dataShadow.stack_hh;
+        final int[] stack_dd = dataShadow.stack_dd;
+        final int[] fmap = dataShadow.fmap;
+        final byte[] block = dataShadow.block;
+
+        stack_ll[0] = loSt;
+        stack_hh[0] = hiSt;
+        stack_dd[0] = dSt;
+
+        for (int sp = 1; --sp >= 0;) {
+            final int lo = stack_ll[sp];
+            final int hi = stack_hh[sp];
+            final int d = stack_dd[sp];
 
-            if (hi - lo < SMALL_THRESH || d > DEPTH_THRESH) {
-                simpleSort(lo, hi, d);
-                if (workDone > workLimit && firstAttempt) {
+            if ((hi - lo < SMALL_THRESH) || (d > DEPTH_THRESH)) {
+                if (mainSimpleSort(dataShadow, lo, hi, d)) {
                     return;
                 }
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            med = med3(block[zptr[lo] + d + 1],
-                       block[zptr[hi            ] + d  + 1],
-                       block[zptr[(lo + hi) >>> 1] + d + 1]);
-
-            unLo = ltLo = lo;
-            unHi = gtHi = hi;
+            } else {
+                final int d1 = d + 1;
+                final int med = med3(block[fmap[lo] + d1],
+                                     block[fmap[hi] + d1], block[fmap[(lo + hi) >>> 1] + d1]) & 0xff;
+
+                int unLo = lo;
+                int unHi = hi;
+                int ltLo = lo;
+                int gtHi = hi;
 
-            while (true) {
-                while (true) {
-                    if (unLo > unHi) {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    n = ((int) block[zptr[unLo] + d + 1]) - med;
-                    if (n == 0) {
-                        int temp = 0;
-                        temp = zptr[unLo];
-                        zptr[unLo] = zptr[ltLo];
-                        zptr[ltLo] = temp;
-                        ltLo++;
-                        unLo++;
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    if (n >  0) {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    unLo++;
-                }
                 while (true) {
-                    if (unLo > unHi) {
-                        break;
+                    while (unLo <= unHi) {
+                        final int n = ((int) block[fmap[unLo] + d1] & 0xff)
+                            - med;
+                        if (n == 0) {
+                            final int temp = fmap[unLo];
+                            fmap[unLo++] = fmap[ltLo];
+                            fmap[ltLo++] = temp;
+                        } else if (n < 0) {
+                            unLo++;
+                        } else {
+                            break;
+                        }
                     }
-                    n = ((int) block[zptr[unHi] + d + 1]) - med;
-                    if (n == 0) {
-                        int temp = 0;
-                        temp = zptr[unHi];
-                        zptr[unHi] = zptr[gtHi];
-                        zptr[gtHi] = temp;
-                        gtHi--;
-                        unHi--;
-                        continue;
+
+                    while (unLo <= unHi) {
+                        final int n = ((int) block[fmap[unHi] + d1] & 0xff)
+                            - med;
+                        if (n == 0) {
+                            final int temp = fmap[unHi];
+                            fmap[unHi--] = fmap[gtHi];
+                            fmap[gtHi--] = temp;
+                        } else if (n > 0) {
+                            unHi--;
+                        } else {
+                            break;
+                        }
                     }
-                    if (n <  0) {
+
+                    if (unLo <= unHi) {
+                        final int temp = fmap[unLo];
+                        fmap[unLo++] = fmap[unHi];
+                        fmap[unHi--] = temp;
+                    } else {
                         break;
                     }
-                    unHi--;
                 }
-                if (unLo > unHi) {
-                    break;
+
+                if (gtHi < ltLo) {
+                    stack_ll[sp] = lo;
+                    stack_hh[sp] = hi;
+                    stack_dd[sp] = d1;
+                    sp++;
+                } else {
+                    int n = ((ltLo - lo) < (unLo - ltLo)) ? (ltLo - lo)
+                        : (unLo - ltLo);
+                    vswap(fmap, lo, unLo - n, n);
+                    int m = ((hi - gtHi) < (gtHi - unHi)) ? (hi - gtHi)
+                        : (gtHi - unHi);
+                    vswap(fmap, unLo, hi - m + 1, m);
+
+                    n = lo + unLo - ltLo - 1;
+                    m = hi - (gtHi - unHi) + 1;
+
+                    stack_ll[sp] = lo;
+                    stack_hh[sp] = n;
+                    stack_dd[sp] = d;
+                    sp++;
+
+                    stack_ll[sp] = n + 1;
+                    stack_hh[sp] = m - 1;
+                    stack_dd[sp] = d1;
+                    sp++;
+
+                    stack_ll[sp] = m;
+                    stack_hh[sp] = hi;
+                    stack_dd[sp] = d;
+                    sp++;
                 }
-                int temp = 0;
-                temp = zptr[unLo];
-                zptr[unLo] = zptr[unHi];
-                zptr[unHi] = temp;
-                unLo++;
-                unHi--;
-            }
-
-            if (gtHi < ltLo) {
-                stack[sp].ll = lo;
-                stack[sp].hh = hi;
-                stack[sp].dd = d + 1;
-                sp++;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            n = ((ltLo - lo) < (unLo - ltLo)) ? (ltLo - lo) : (unLo - ltLo);
-            vswap(lo, unLo - n, n);
-            m = ((hi - gtHi) < (gtHi - unHi)) ? (hi - gtHi) : (gtHi - unHi);
-            vswap(unLo, hi - m + 1, m);
-
-            n = lo + unLo - ltLo - 1;
-            m = hi - (gtHi - unHi) + 1;
-
-            stack[sp].ll = lo;
-            stack[sp].hh = n;
-            stack[sp].dd = d;
-            sp++;
-
-            stack[sp].ll = n + 1;
-            stack[sp].hh = m - 1;
-            stack[sp].dd = d + 1;
-            sp++;
-
-            stack[sp].ll = m;
-            stack[sp].hh = hi;
-            stack[sp].dd = d;
-            sp++;
+            }
         }
     }
 
     private void mainSort() {
-        int i, j, ss, sb;
-        int[] runningOrder = new int[256];
-        int[] copy = new int[256];
-        boolean[] bigDone = new boolean[256];
-        int c1, c2;
-        int numQSorted;
+        final Data dataShadow = this.data;
+        final int[] runningOrder = dataShadow.mainSort_runningOrder;
+        final int[] copy = dataShadow.mainSort_copy;
+        final boolean[] bigDone = dataShadow.mainSort_bigDone;
+        final int[] ftab = dataShadow.ftab;
+        final byte[] block = dataShadow.block;
+        final int[] fmap = dataShadow.fmap;
+        final char[] quadrant = dataShadow.quadrant;
+        final int lastShadow = this.last;
+        final int workLimitShadow = this.workLimit;
+        final boolean firstAttemptShadow = this.firstAttempt;
+
+        // Set up the 2-byte frequency table
+        for (int i = 65537; --i >= 0;) {
+            ftab[i] = 0;
+        }
 
         /*
-          In the various block-sized structures, live data runs
-          from 0 to last+NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES inclusive.  First,
-          set up the overshoot area for block.
-        */
-
-        //   if (verbosity >= 4) fprintf ( stderr, "   sort initialise ...\n" );
-
-        for (i = 0; i < NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES; i++) {
-            block[last + i + 2] = block[(i % (last + 1)) + 1];
+         * In the various block-sized structures, live data runs from 0 to
+         * last+NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES inclusive. First, set up the overshoot area
+         * for block.
+         */
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES; i++) {
+            block[lastShadow + i + 2] = block[(i % (lastShadow + 1)) + 1];
         }
-        for (i = 0; i <= last + NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES; i++) {
+        for (int i = lastShadow + NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES +1; --i >= 0;) {
             quadrant[i] = 0;
         }
+        block[0] = block[lastShadow + 1];
 
-        block[0] = (char) (block[last + 1]);
-
-        if (last < 4000) {
-            /*
-              Use simpleSort(), since the full sorting mechanism
-              has quite a large constant overhead.
-            */
-            for (i = 0; i <= last; i++) {
-                zptr[i] = i;
-            }
-            firstAttempt = false;
-            workDone = workLimit = 0;
-            simpleSort(0, last, 0);
-        } else {
-            numQSorted = 0;
-            for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++) {
-                bigDone[i] = false;
-            }
-
-            for (i = 0; i <= 65536; i++) {
-                ftab[i] = 0;
-            }
+        // Complete the initial radix sort:
 
-            c1 = block[0];
-            for (i = 0; i <= last; i++) {
-                c2 = block[i + 1];
-                ftab[(c1 << 8) + c2]++;
-                c1 = c2;
-            }
+        int c1 = block[0] & 0xff;
+        for (int i = 0; i <= lastShadow; i++) {
+            final int c2 = block[i + 1] & 0xff;
+            ftab[(c1 << 8) + c2]++;
+            c1 = c2;
+        }
 
-            for (i = 1; i <= 65536; i++) {
-                ftab[i] += ftab[i - 1];
-            }
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 65536; i++)
+            ftab[i] += ftab[i - 1];
 
-            c1 = block[1];
-            for (i = 0; i < last; i++) {
-                c2 = block[i + 2];
-                j = (c1 << 8) + c2;
-                c1 = c2;
-                ftab[j]--;
-                zptr[ftab[j]] = i;
-            }
+        c1 = block[1] & 0xff;
+        for (int i = 0; i < lastShadow; i++) {
+            final int c2 = block[i + 2] & 0xff;
+            fmap[--ftab[(c1 << 8) + c2]] = i;
+            c1 = c2;
+        }
 
-            j = ((block[last + 1]) << 8) + (block[1]);
-            ftab[j]--;
-            zptr[ftab[j]] = last;
+        fmap[--ftab[((block[lastShadow + 1] & 0xff) << 8) + (block[1] & 0xff)]] = lastShadow;
 
-            /*
-              Now ftab contains the first loc of every small bucket.
-              Calculate the running order, from smallest to largest

[... 663 lines stripped ...]