[jira] [Updated] (CASSANDRA-7029) Investigate alternative transport protocols for both client and inter-server communications

["C. Scott Andreas (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>]

     [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-7029?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ]

C. Scott Andreas updated CASSANDRA-7029:
----------------------------------------
    Component/s: Streaming and Messaging
                 CQL

> Investigate alternative transport protocols for both client and inter-server communications
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: CASSANDRA-7029
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-7029
>             Project: Cassandra
>          Issue Type: Improvement
>          Components: CQL, Streaming and Messaging
>            Reporter: Benedict
>            Priority: Major
>              Labels: performance
>             Fix For: 4.x
>
>
> There are a number of reasons to think we can do better than TCP for our communications:
> 1) We can actually tolerate sporadic small message losses, so guaranteed delivery isn't essential (although for larger messages it probably is)
> 2) As shown in \[1\] and \[2\], Linux can behave quite suboptimally with regard to TCP message delivery when the system is under load. Judging from the theoretical description, this is likely to apply even when the system-load is not high, but the number of processes to schedule is high. Cassandra generally has a lot of threads to schedule, so this is quite pertinent for us. UDP performs substantially better here.
> 3) Even when the system is not under load, UDP has a lower CPU burden, and that burden is constant regardless of the number of connections it processes. 
> 4) On a simple benchmark on my local PC, using non-blocking IO for UDP and busy spinning on IO I can actually push 20-40% more throughput through loopback (where TCP should be optimal, as no latency), even for very small messages. Since we can see networking taking multiple CPUs' worth of time during a stress test, using a busy-spin for ~100micros after last message receipt is almost certainly acceptable, especially as we can (ultimately) process inter-server and client communications on the same thread/socket in this model.
> 5) We can optimise the threading model heavily: since we generally process very small messages (200 bytes not at all implausible), the thread signalling costs on the processing thread can actually dramatically impede throughput. In general it costs ~10micros to signal (and passing the message to another thread for processing in the current model requires signalling). For 200-byte messages this caps our throughput at 20MB/s.
> I propose to knock up a highly naive UDP-based connection protocol with super-trivial congestion control over the course of a few days, with the only initial goal being maximum possible performance (not fairness, reliability, or anything else), and trial it in Netty (possibly making some changes to Netty to mitigate thread signalling costs). The reason for knocking up our own here is to get a ceiling on what the absolute limit of potential for this approach is. Assuming this pans out with performance gains in C* proper, we then look to contributing to/forking the udt-java project and see how easy it is to bring performance in line with what we can get with our naive approach (I don't suggest starting here, as the project is using blocking old-IO, and modifying it with latency in mind may be challenging, and we won't know for sure what the best case scenario is).
> \[1\] http://test-docdb.fnal.gov/0016/001648/002/Potential%20Performance%20Bottleneck%20in%20Linux%20TCP.PDF
> \[2\] http://cd-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/RetrieveFile?docid=1968;filename=Performance%20Analysis%20of%20Linux%20Networking%20-%20Packet%20Receiving%20(Official).pdf;version=2
> Further related reading:
> http://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/commerce/doc/mft/cdunix/41/UDTWhitepaper.pdf
> https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/14482/ChoiUndPerTcp.pdf?sequence=1
> https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/JBoss_Enterprise_Web_Platform/5/html/Administration_And_Configuration_Guide/jgroups-perf-udpbuffer.html
> http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.153.3762&rep=rep1&type=pdf



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