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Posted to user@hive.apache.org by Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com> on 2016/03/01 15:41:57 UTC
Re: ORC file split calculation problems
Hi Prasanth,
Thanks for this. I tried out the configuration and I wanted to share some
number with you.
My test setup is a cascading job that reads in 240 files (ranging from
1.5GB to 2.5GB).
In the job log I get the duration from these lines:
INFO log.PerfLogger: </PERFLOG method=OrcGetSplits start=1456747523670
end=1456747640171 duration=116501
from=org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl>
Running this without any of the configuration takes:116501 ms
Setting both flags as per your email: 27233 ms
A nice improvement.
But doing the same test on data where the files have file size smaller than
256MB (The orc block size).
The orcGetSplits takes: 2741 ms
With or without setting the configuration, result are the same.
This is still a fairly big gap. Knowing we can tune the performance with
your suggested configuration is great as we might not always have the
option to repartition our data. Still avoiding spanning files over multiple
blocks seems to have much more of an impact even though it is
counter-intuitive.
Would be good to know if other users have similar experiences.
Again thanks for your help.
Kind regards,
Patrick.
2016-02-29 6:38 GMT+00:00 Prasanth Jayachandran <
pjayachandran@hortonworks.com>:
> Hi Patrick
>
> Please find answers inline
>
> On Feb 26, 2016, at 9:36 AM, Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Prasanth.
>
> Thanks for the quick reply!
>
> The logs don't show much more of the stacktrace I'm afraid:
> java.lang.NullPointerException
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:809)
> at
> java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
> at
> java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
> at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
>
>
> The stacktrace isn't really the issue though. The NullPointer is a symptom
> caused by not being able to return any stripes, if you look at the line in
> the code it is because the 'stripes' field is null which should never
> happen. This, we think, is caused by failing namenode network traffic. We
> would have lots of IO warning in the logs saying block's cannot be found or
> e.g.:
> 16/02/01 13:20:34 WARN hdfs.BlockReaderFactory: I/O error constructing
> remote block reader.
> java.io.IOException: java.lang.InterruptedException
> at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1448)
> at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1400)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:232)
> at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy32.getServerDefaults(Unknown Source)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.getServerDefaults(ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.java:268)
> at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
> at
> sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
> at
> sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
> at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:187)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:102)
> at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy33.getServerDefaults(Unknown Source)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.getServerDefaults(DFSClient.java:1007)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.shouldEncryptData(DFSClient.java:2062)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.newDataEncryptionKey(DFSClient.java:2068)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.datatransfer.sasl.SaslDataTransferClient.checkTrustAndSend(SaslDataTransferClient.java:208)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.datatransfer.sasl.SaslDataTransferClient.peerSend(SaslDataTransferClient.java:159)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.net.TcpPeerServer.peerFromSocketAndKey(TcpPeerServer.java:90)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.newConnectedPeer(DFSClient.java:3123)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.nextTcpPeer(BlockReaderFactory.java:755)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.getRemoteBlockReaderFromTcp(BlockReaderFactory.java:670)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.build(BlockReaderFactory.java:337)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.blockSeekTo(DFSInputStream.java:576)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.readWithStrategy(DFSInputStream.java:800)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.read(DFSInputStream.java:848)
> at java.io.DataInputStream.readFully(DataInputStream.java:195)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl.extractMetaInfoFromFooter(ReaderImpl.java:407)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl.<init>(ReaderImpl.java:311)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcFile.createReader(OrcFile.java:228)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.populateAndCacheStripeDetails(OrcInputFormat.java:885)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:771)
> at
> java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
> at
> java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
> at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
> Caused by: java.lang.InterruptedException
> at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.awaitDone(FutureTask.java:400)
> at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:187)
> at
> org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.sendRpcRequest(Client.java:1047)
> at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1442)
> ... 33 more
>
> Our job doesn't always fail sometimes splits get calculated. We suspect
> when the namenode is too busy our job maybe hits some time-outs and the
> whole thing fails.
>
> Our intuition has been the same as you suggest, bigger files is better.
> But we see a degradation in performance as soon as our files get bigger
> than the ORC block size. Keeping file size within ORC block size sounds
> silly but when looking at the code (OrcInputFormat) we think it cuts out a
> bunch of code that is causing us problems. The code we are trying to hit
> is:
> https://github.com/apache/hive/blob/release-0.14.0/ql/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/io/orc/OrcInputFormat.java#L656.
>
>
>
> This line is hit only when the file does not span multiple blocks and is
> less than a max split size (by default same as block size). If you want to
> avoid reading the footers for split elimination or if you are not using
> SARGs then I would recommend the following configurations
>
> // disables file footer cache. When this cache is disabled file footers
> are not read
> set hive.orc.cache.stripe.details.size=-1;
>
> // disables predicate pushdown (when not using SARG no need for this)
> set hive.optimize.index.filter=false;
>
>
> Avoiding the scheduling.
>
> In our case we are not using any SARG but we do use column projection.
>
> Any idea why if we query the data via Hive we don't have this issue?
>
> Let me know if you need more information. Thanks for the insights, much
> appreciated.
>
> Kind regards,
> Patrick
>
>
> 2016-02-25 22:20 GMT+01:00 Prasanth Jayachandran <
> pjayachandran@hortonworks.com>:
>
>>
>> > On Feb 25, 2016, at 3:15 PM, Prasanth Jayachandran <
>> pjayachandran@hortonworks.com> wrote:
>> >
>> > Hi Patrick
>> >
>> > Can you paste entire stacktrace? Looks like NPE happened during split
>> generation but stack trace is incomplete to know what caused it.
>> >
>> > In Hive 0.14.0, the stripe size is changed to 64MB. The default block
>> size for ORC files is 256MB. 4 stripes can fit a block. ORC does padding to
>> avoid stripes straddling HDFS blocks. During split calculation, ORC footer
>> which contains stripe level column statistics is read to perform split
>> pruning based on predicate condition specified via SARG(Search Argument).
>> >
>> > For example: Assume column ‘state’ is sorted and the predicate
>> condition is ‘state’=“CA"
>> > Stripe 1: min = AZ max = FL
>> > Stripe 2: min = GA max = MN
>> > Stripe 3: min = MS max = SC
>> > Stripe 4: min = SD max = WY
>> >
>> > In this case, only stripe 1 satisfies the above predicate condition. So
>> only 1 split with stripe 1 will be created.
>> > So if there are huge number of small files, then footers from all files
>> has to be read to do split pruning. If there are few number of large files
>> then only few footers have to be read. Also the minimum splittable position
>> is stripe boundary. So having fewer large files has the advantage of
>> reading less data during split pruning.
>> >
>> > If you can send me the full stacktrace, I can tell what is causing the
>> exception here. I will also let you know of any workaround/next hive
>> version with the fix.
>> >
>> > In more recent hive versions, hive 1.2.0 onwards. OrcInputFormat is has
>> strategies to decided when to read footers and when not to read footers
>> automatically. You can configure the strategy that you want based on the
>> workload. In case of many small files, footers will not be read and with
>> large files footers will be read for split pruning.
>>
>> The default strategy does it automatically (choosing between when to read
>> and when not to footers). It is configurable as well.
>>
>> >
>> > Thanks
>> > Prasanth
>> >
>> >> On Feb 25, 2016, at 7:08 AM, Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com> wrote:
>> >>
>> >> Hi,
>> >>
>> >> We've recently moved one of our datasets to ORC and we use Cascading
>> and Hive to read this data. We've had problems reading the data via
>> Cascading, because of the generation of splits.
>> >> We read in a large number of files (thousands) and they are about 1GB
>> each. We found that the split calculation took minutes on our cluster and
>> often didn't succeed at all (when our namenode was busy).
>> >> When digging through the code of the
>> 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.class' we figured out that
>> if we make the files less then the ORC block size (256MB) the code would
>> avoid lots of namenode calls. We applied this solution and made our files
>> smaller and that solved the problem. Split calculation in our job went from
>> 10+ mins to a couple of seconds and always succeeds.
>> >> We feel it is counterintuitive as bigger files are usually better in
>> HDFS. We've also seen that doing a hive query on the data does not present
>> this problem. Internally Hive seem to take a completely different execution
>> path and is not using the OrcInputFormat but uses
>> 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.CombineHiveInputFormat.class'.
>> >>
>> >> Can someone explain the reason for this difference or shed some light
>> on the behaviour we are seeing? Any help will be greatly appreciated. We
>> are using hive-0.14.0.
>> >>
>> >> Kind regards,
>> >> Patrick
>> >>
>> >> Here is the stack-trace that we would see when our Cascading job
>> failed to calculate the splits:
>> >> Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: serious problem
>> >> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$Context.waitForTasks(OrcInputFormat.java:478)
>> >> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.generateSplitsInfo(OrcInputFormat.java:949)
>> >> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.getSplits(OrcInputFormat.java:974)
>> >> at
>> com.hotels.corc.mapred.CorcInputFormat.getSplits(CorcInputFormat.java:201)
>> >> at
>> cascading.tap.hadoop.io.MultiInputFormat.getSplits(MultiInputFormat.java:200)
>> >> at
>> cascading.tap.hadoop.io.MultiInputFormat.getSplits(MultiInputFormat.java:142)
>> >> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.writeOldSplits(JobSubmitter.java:624)
>> >> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.writeSplits(JobSubmitter.java:616)
>> >> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.submitJobInternal(JobSubmitter.java:492)
>> >> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$10.run(Job.java:1296)
>> >> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$10.run(Job.java:1293)
>> >> at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
>> >> at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415)
>> >> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1628)
>> >> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job.submit(Job.java:1293)
>> >> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient$1.run(JobClient.java:585)
>> >> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient$1.run(JobClient.java:580)
>> >> at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
>> >> at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415)
>> >> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1628)
>> >> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.submitJobInternal(JobClient.java:580)
>> >> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.submitJob(JobClient.java:571)
>> >> at
>> cascading.flow.hadoop.planner.HadoopFlowStepJob.internalNonBlockingStart(HadoopFlowStepJob.java:106)
>> >> at
>> cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.blockOnJob(FlowStepJob.java:265)
>> >> at
>> cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.start(FlowStepJob.java:184)
>> >> at cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.call(FlowStepJob.java:146)
>> >> at cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.call(FlowStepJob.java:48)
>> >> ... 4 more
>> >> Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
>> >> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:809)
>> >
>>
>>
>
>
Re: ORC file split calculation problems
Posted by Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com>.
Response inline
2016-03-03 23:39 GMT+01:00 Prasanth Jayachandran <
pjayachandran@hortonworks.com>:
> Small Correction inline.
>
> On Mar 3, 2016, at 4:28 PM, Prasanth Jayachandran <
> pjayachandran@hortonworks.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Patrick
>
> Please find answers inline..
>
>
> On Mar 1, 2016, at 8:41 AM, Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Prasanth,
>
> Thanks for this. I tried out the configuration and I wanted to share some
> number with you.
>
> My test setup is a cascading job that reads in 240 files (ranging from
> 1.5GB to 2.5GB).
> In the job log I get the duration from these lines:
> INFO log.PerfLogger: </PERFLOG method=OrcGetSplits start=1456747523670
> end=1456747640171 duration=116501
> from=org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl>
>
> Running this without any of the configuration takes:116501 ms
> Setting both flags as per your email: 27233 ms
> A nice improvement.
>
>
> This gain is mainly from avoiding reading of footers during split
> computation.. 27s for 240 files still looks a lot to me.
>
> Is this config set to true? hive.orc.splits.include.file.footer
>
> I don't set this (the default seems to be false).
If I set this to true my job runs slower (creeping towards 40s) and failing
with my original error when trying to run it on more files.
>
> My guess is its still reading the footers which could be the reason for
> 27s. I will run some tests to see if there is a bug (reading footers
> despite disabling cache and predicate pushdown).
>
>
> It should read footer but shouldn’t read metadata if predicate pushdown is
> disabled. Metadata section for large files could be big relative to the
> size of footer. Metadata is required only for split elimination and not for
> split computation.
>
> But doing the same test on data where the files have file size smaller
> than 256MB (The orc block size).
> The orcGetSplits takes: 2741 ms
> With or without setting the configuration, result are the same.
>
>
> This seems to be correct.
>
>
> This is still a fairly big gap. Knowing we can tune the performance with
> your suggested configuration is great as we might not always have the
> option to repartition our data. Still avoiding spanning files over multiple
> blocks seems to have much more of an impact even though it is
> counter-intuitive.
> Would be good to know if other users have similar experiences.
>
> Again thanks for your help.
>
> Kind regards,
> Patrick.
>
>
>
> 2016-02-29 6:38 GMT+00:00 Prasanth Jayachandran <
> pjayachandran@hortonworks.com>:
>
>> Hi Patrick
>>
>> Please find answers inline
>>
>> On Feb 26, 2016, at 9:36 AM, Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>> Hi Prasanth.
>>
>> Thanks for the quick reply!
>>
>> The logs don't show much more of the stacktrace I'm afraid:
>> java.lang.NullPointerException
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:809)
>> at
>> java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
>> at
>> java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
>> at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
>>
>>
>> The stacktrace isn't really the issue though. The NullPointer is a
>> symptom caused by not being able to return any stripes, if you look at the
>> line in the code it is because the 'stripes' field is null which should
>> never happen. This, we think, is caused by failing namenode network
>> traffic. We would have lots of IO warning in the logs saying block's cannot
>> be found or e.g.:
>> 16/02/01 13:20:34 WARN hdfs.BlockReaderFactory: I/O error constructing
>> remote block reader.
>> java.io.IOException: java.lang.InterruptedException
>> at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1448)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1400)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:232)
>> at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy32.getServerDefaults(Unknown Source)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.getServerDefaults(ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.java:268)
>> at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
>> at
>> sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
>> at
>> sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
>> at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:187)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:102)
>> at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy33.getServerDefaults(Unknown Source)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.getServerDefaults(DFSClient.java:1007)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.shouldEncryptData(DFSClient.java:2062)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.newDataEncryptionKey(DFSClient.java:2068)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.datatransfer.sasl.SaslDataTransferClient.checkTrustAndSend(SaslDataTransferClient.java:208)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.datatransfer.sasl.SaslDataTransferClient.peerSend(SaslDataTransferClient.java:159)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.net.TcpPeerServer.peerFromSocketAndKey(TcpPeerServer.java:90)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.newConnectedPeer(DFSClient.java:3123)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.nextTcpPeer(BlockReaderFactory.java:755)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.getRemoteBlockReaderFromTcp(BlockReaderFactory.java:670)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.build(BlockReaderFactory.java:337)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.blockSeekTo(DFSInputStream.java:576)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.readWithStrategy(DFSInputStream.java:800)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.read(DFSInputStream.java:848)
>> at java.io.DataInputStream.readFully(DataInputStream.java:195)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl.extractMetaInfoFromFooter(ReaderImpl.java:407)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl.<init>(ReaderImpl.java:311)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcFile.createReader(OrcFile.java:228)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.populateAndCacheStripeDetails(OrcInputFormat.java:885)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:771)
>> at
>> java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
>> at
>> java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
>> at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
>> Caused by: java.lang.InterruptedException
>> at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.awaitDone(FutureTask.java:400)
>> at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:187)
>> at
>> org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.sendRpcRequest(Client.java:1047)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1442)
>> ... 33 more
>>
>> Our job doesn't always fail sometimes splits get calculated. We suspect
>> when the namenode is too busy our job maybe hits some time-outs and the
>> whole thing fails.
>>
>> Our intuition has been the same as you suggest, bigger files is better.
>> But we see a degradation in performance as soon as our files get bigger
>> than the ORC block size. Keeping file size within ORC block size sounds
>> silly but when looking at the code (OrcInputFormat) we think it cuts out a
>> bunch of code that is causing us problems. The code we are trying to hit is:
>> https://github.com/apache/hive/blob/release-0.14.0/ql/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/io/orc/OrcInputFormat.java#L656
>> .
>>
>>
>> This line is hit only when the file does not span multiple blocks and is
>> less than a max split size (by default same as block size). If you want to
>> avoid reading the footers for split elimination or if you are not using
>> SARGs then I would recommend the following configurations
>>
>> // disables file footer cache. When this cache is disabled file footers
>> are not read
>> set hive.orc.cache.stripe.details.size=-1;
>>
>> // disables predicate pushdown (when not using SARG no need for this)
>> set hive.optimize.index.filter=false;
>>
>>
>> Avoiding the scheduling.
>>
>> In our case we are not using any SARG but we do use column projection.
>>
>> Any idea why if we query the data via Hive we don't have this issue?
>>
>> Let me know if you need more information. Thanks for the insights, much
>> appreciated.
>>
>> Kind regards,
>> Patrick
>>
>>
>> 2016-02-25 22:20 GMT+01:00 Prasanth Jayachandran <
>> pjayachandran@hortonworks.com>:
>>
>>>
>>> > On Feb 25, 2016, at 3:15 PM, Prasanth Jayachandran <
>>> pjayachandran@hortonworks.com> wrote:
>>> >
>>> > Hi Patrick
>>> >
>>> > Can you paste entire stacktrace? Looks like NPE happened during split
>>> generation but stack trace is incomplete to know what caused it.
>>> >
>>> > In Hive 0.14.0, the stripe size is changed to 64MB. The default block
>>> size for ORC files is 256MB. 4 stripes can fit a block. ORC does padding to
>>> avoid stripes straddling HDFS blocks. During split calculation, ORC footer
>>> which contains stripe level column statistics is read to perform split
>>> pruning based on predicate condition specified via SARG(Search Argument).
>>> >
>>> > For example: Assume column ‘state’ is sorted and the predicate
>>> condition is ‘state’=“CA"
>>> > Stripe 1: min = AZ max = FL
>>> > Stripe 2: min = GA max = MN
>>> > Stripe 3: min = MS max = SC
>>> > Stripe 4: min = SD max = WY
>>> >
>>> > In this case, only stripe 1 satisfies the above predicate condition.
>>> So only 1 split with stripe 1 will be created.
>>> > So if there are huge number of small files, then footers from all
>>> files has to be read to do split pruning. If there are few number of large
>>> files then only few footers have to be read. Also the minimum splittable
>>> position is stripe boundary. So having fewer large files has the advantage
>>> of reading less data during split pruning.
>>> >
>>> > If you can send me the full stacktrace, I can tell what is causing the
>>> exception here. I will also let you know of any workaround/next hive
>>> version with the fix.
>>> >
>>> > In more recent hive versions, hive 1.2.0 onwards. OrcInputFormat is
>>> has strategies to decided when to read footers and when not to read footers
>>> automatically. You can configure the strategy that you want based on the
>>> workload. In case of many small files, footers will not be read and with
>>> large files footers will be read for split pruning.
>>>
>>> The default strategy does it automatically (choosing between when to
>>> read and when not to footers). It is configurable as well.
>>>
>>> >
>>> > Thanks
>>> > Prasanth
>>> >
>>> >> On Feb 25, 2016, at 7:08 AM, Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>> >>
>>> >> Hi,
>>> >>
>>> >> We've recently moved one of our datasets to ORC and we use Cascading
>>> and Hive to read this data. We've had problems reading the data via
>>> Cascading, because of the generation of splits.
>>> >> We read in a large number of files (thousands) and they are about 1GB
>>> each. We found that the split calculation took minutes on our cluster and
>>> often didn't succeed at all (when our namenode was busy).
>>> >> When digging through the code of the
>>> 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.class' we figured out that
>>> if we make the files less then the ORC block size (256MB) the code would
>>> avoid lots of namenode calls. We applied this solution and made our files
>>> smaller and that solved the problem. Split calculation in our job went from
>>> 10+ mins to a couple of seconds and always succeeds.
>>> >> We feel it is counterintuitive as bigger files are usually better in
>>> HDFS. We've also seen that doing a hive query on the data does not present
>>> this problem. Internally Hive seem to take a completely different execution
>>> path and is not using the OrcInputFormat but uses
>>> 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.CombineHiveInputFormat.class'.
>>> >>
>>> >> Can someone explain the reason for this difference or shed some light
>>> on the behaviour we are seeing? Any help will be greatly appreciated. We
>>> are using hive-0.14.0.
>>> >>
>>> >> Kind regards,
>>> >> Patrick
>>> >>
>>> >> Here is the stack-trace that we would see when our Cascading job
>>> failed to calculate the splits:
>>> >> Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: serious problem
>>> >> at
>>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$Context.waitForTasks(OrcInputFormat.java:478)
>>> >> at
>>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.generateSplitsInfo(OrcInputFormat.java:949)
>>> >> at
>>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.getSplits(OrcInputFormat.java:974)
>>> >> at
>>> com.hotels.corc.mapred.CorcInputFormat.getSplits(CorcInputFormat.java:201)
>>> >> at
>>> cascading.tap.hadoop.io.MultiInputFormat.getSplits(MultiInputFormat.java:200)
>>> >> at
>>> cascading.tap.hadoop.io.MultiInputFormat.getSplits(MultiInputFormat.java:142)
>>> >> at
>>> org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.writeOldSplits(JobSubmitter.java:624)
>>> >> at
>>> org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.writeSplits(JobSubmitter.java:616)
>>> >> at
>>> org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.submitJobInternal(JobSubmitter.java:492)
>>> >> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$10.run(Job.java:1296)
>>> >> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$10.run(Job.java:1293)
>>> >> at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
>>> >> at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415)
>>> >> at
>>> org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1628)
>>> >> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job.submit(Job.java:1293)
>>> >> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient$1.run(JobClient.java:585)
>>> >> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient$1.run(JobClient.java:580)
>>> >> at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
>>> >> at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415)
>>> >> at
>>> org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1628)
>>> >> at
>>> org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.submitJobInternal(JobClient.java:580)
>>> >> at
>>> org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.submitJob(JobClient.java:571)
>>> >> at
>>> cascading.flow.hadoop.planner.HadoopFlowStepJob.internalNonBlockingStart(HadoopFlowStepJob.java:106)
>>> >> at
>>> cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.blockOnJob(FlowStepJob.java:265)
>>> >> at
>>> cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.start(FlowStepJob.java:184)
>>> >> at
>>> cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.call(FlowStepJob.java:146)
>>> >> at cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.call(FlowStepJob.java:48)
>>> >> ... 4 more
>>> >> Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
>>> >> at
>>> org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:809)
>>> >
>>>
>>
>
Re: ORC file split calculation problems
Posted by Prasanth Jayachandran <pj...@hortonworks.com>.
Small Correction inline.
On Mar 3, 2016, at 4:28 PM, Prasanth Jayachandran <pj...@hortonworks.com>> wrote:
Hi Patrick
Please find answers inline..
On Mar 1, 2016, at 8:41 AM, Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com>> wrote:
Hi Prasanth,
Thanks for this. I tried out the configuration and I wanted to share some number with you.
My test setup is a cascading job that reads in 240 files (ranging from 1.5GB to 2.5GB).
In the job log I get the duration from these lines:
INFO log.PerfLogger: </PERFLOG method=OrcGetSplits start=1456747523670 end=1456747640171 duration=116501 from=org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl>
Running this without any of the configuration takes:116501 ms
Setting both flags as per your email: 27233 ms
A nice improvement.
This gain is mainly from avoiding reading of footers during split computation.. 27s for 240 files still looks a lot to me.
Is this config set to true? hive.orc.splits.include.file.footer
My guess is its still reading the footers which could be the reason for 27s. I will run some tests to see if there is a bug (reading footers despite disabling cache and predicate pushdown).
It should read footer but shouldn’t read metadata if predicate pushdown is disabled. Metadata section for large files could be big relative to the size of footer. Metadata is required only for split elimination and not for split computation.
But doing the same test on data where the files have file size smaller than 256MB (The orc block size).
The orcGetSplits takes: 2741 ms
With or without setting the configuration, result are the same.
This seems to be correct.
This is still a fairly big gap. Knowing we can tune the performance with your suggested configuration is great as we might not always have the option to repartition our data. Still avoiding spanning files over multiple blocks seems to have much more of an impact even though it is counter-intuitive.
Would be good to know if other users have similar experiences.
Again thanks for your help.
Kind regards,
Patrick.
2016-02-29 6:38 GMT+00:00 Prasanth Jayachandran <pj...@hortonworks.com>>:
Hi Patrick
Please find answers inline
On Feb 26, 2016, at 9:36 AM, Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com>> wrote:
Hi Prasanth.
Thanks for the quick reply!
The logs don't show much more of the stacktrace I'm afraid:
java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:809)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
The stacktrace isn't really the issue though. The NullPointer is a symptom caused by not being able to return any stripes, if you look at the line in the code it is because the 'stripes' field is null which should never happen. This, we think, is caused by failing namenode network traffic. We would have lots of IO warning in the logs saying block's cannot be found or e.g.:
16/02/01 13:20:34 WARN hdfs.BlockReaderFactory: I/O error constructing remote block reader.
java.io.IOException: java.lang.InterruptedException
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1448)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1400)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:232)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy32.getServerDefaults(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.getServerDefaults(ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.java:268)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:187)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:102)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy33.getServerDefaults(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.getServerDefaults(DFSClient.java:1007)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.shouldEncryptData(DFSClient.java:2062)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.newDataEncryptionKey(DFSClient.java:2068)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.datatransfer.sasl.SaslDataTransferClient.checkTrustAndSend(SaslDataTransferClient.java:208)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.datatransfer.sasl.SaslDataTransferClient.peerSend(SaslDataTransferClient.java:159)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.net.TcpPeerServer.peerFromSocketAndKey(TcpPeerServer.java:90)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.newConnectedPeer(DFSClient.java:3123)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.nextTcpPeer(BlockReaderFactory.java:755)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.getRemoteBlockReaderFromTcp(BlockReaderFactory.java:670)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.build(BlockReaderFactory.java:337)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.blockSeekTo(DFSInputStream.java:576)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.readWithStrategy(DFSInputStream.java:800)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.read(DFSInputStream.java:848)
at java.io.DataInputStream.readFully(DataInputStream.java:195)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl.extractMetaInfoFromFooter(ReaderImpl.java:407)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl.<init>(ReaderImpl.java:311)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcFile.createReader(OrcFile.java:228)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.populateAndCacheStripeDetails(OrcInputFormat.java:885)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:771)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.lang.InterruptedException
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.awaitDone(FutureTask.java:400)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:187)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.sendRpcRequest(Client.java:1047)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1442)
... 33 more
Our job doesn't always fail sometimes splits get calculated. We suspect when the namenode is too busy our job maybe hits some time-outs and the whole thing fails.
Our intuition has been the same as you suggest, bigger files is better. But we see a degradation in performance as soon as our files get bigger than the ORC block size. Keeping file size within ORC block size sounds silly but when looking at the code (OrcInputFormat) we think it cuts out a bunch of code that is causing us problems. The code we are trying to hit is:https://github.com/apache/hive/blob/release-0.14.0/ql/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/io/orc/OrcInputFormat.java#L656.
This line is hit only when the file does not span multiple blocks and is less than a max split size (by default same as block size). If you want to avoid reading the footers for split elimination or if you are not using SARGs then I would recommend the following configurations
// disables file footer cache. When this cache is disabled file footers are not read
set hive.orc.cache.stripe.details.size=-1;
// disables predicate pushdown (when not using SARG no need for this)
set hive.optimize.index.filter=false;
Avoiding the scheduling.
In our case we are not using any SARG but we do use column projection.
Any idea why if we query the data via Hive we don't have this issue?
Let me know if you need more information. Thanks for the insights, much appreciated.
Kind regards,
Patrick
2016-02-25 22:20 GMT+01:00 Prasanth Jayachandran <pj...@hortonworks.com>>:
> On Feb 25, 2016, at 3:15 PM, Prasanth Jayachandran <pj...@hortonworks.com>> wrote:
>
> Hi Patrick
>
> Can you paste entire stacktrace? Looks like NPE happened during split generation but stack trace is incomplete to know what caused it.
>
> In Hive 0.14.0, the stripe size is changed to 64MB. The default block size for ORC files is 256MB. 4 stripes can fit a block. ORC does padding to avoid stripes straddling HDFS blocks. During split calculation, ORC footer which contains stripe level column statistics is read to perform split pruning based on predicate condition specified via SARG(Search Argument).
>
> For example: Assume column ‘state’ is sorted and the predicate condition is ‘state’=“CA"
> Stripe 1: min = AZ max = FL
> Stripe 2: min = GA max = MN
> Stripe 3: min = MS max = SC
> Stripe 4: min = SD max = WY
>
> In this case, only stripe 1 satisfies the above predicate condition. So only 1 split with stripe 1 will be created.
> So if there are huge number of small files, then footers from all files has to be read to do split pruning. If there are few number of large files then only few footers have to be read. Also the minimum splittable position is stripe boundary. So having fewer large files has the advantage of reading less data during split pruning.
>
> If you can send me the full stacktrace, I can tell what is causing the exception here. I will also let you know of any workaround/next hive version with the fix.
>
> In more recent hive versions, hive 1.2.0 onwards. OrcInputFormat is has strategies to decided when to read footers and when not to read footers automatically. You can configure the strategy that you want based on the workload. In case of many small files, footers will not be read and with large files footers will be read for split pruning.
The default strategy does it automatically (choosing between when to read and when not to footers). It is configurable as well.
>
> Thanks
> Prasanth
>
>> On Feb 25, 2016, at 7:08 AM, Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com>> wrote:
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> We've recently moved one of our datasets to ORC and we use Cascading and Hive to read this data. We've had problems reading the data via Cascading, because of the generation of splits.
>> We read in a large number of files (thousands) and they are about 1GB each. We found that the split calculation took minutes on our cluster and often didn't succeed at all (when our namenode was busy).
>> When digging through the code of the 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.class' we figured out that if we make the files less then the ORC block size (256MB) the code would avoid lots of namenode calls. We applied this solution and made our files smaller and that solved the problem. Split calculation in our job went from 10+ mins to a couple of seconds and always succeeds.
>> We feel it is counterintuitive as bigger files are usually better in HDFS. We've also seen that doing a hive query on the data does not present this problem. Internally Hive seem to take a completely different execution path and is not using the OrcInputFormat but uses 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.CombineHiveInputFormat.class'.
>>
>> Can someone explain the reason for this difference or shed some light on the behaviour we are seeing? Any help will be greatly appreciated. We are using hive-0.14.0.
>>
>> Kind regards,
>> Patrick
>>
>> Here is the stack-trace that we would see when our Cascading job failed to calculate the splits:
>> Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: serious problem
>> at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$Context.waitForTasks(OrcInputFormat.java:478)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.generateSplitsInfo(OrcInputFormat.java:949)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.getSplits(OrcInputFormat.java:974)
>> at com.hotels.corc.mapred.CorcInputFormat.getSplits(CorcInputFormat.java:201)
>> at cascading.tap.hadoop.io.MultiInputFormat.getSplits(MultiInputFormat.java:200)
>> at cascading.tap.hadoop.io.MultiInputFormat.getSplits(MultiInputFormat.java:142)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.writeOldSplits(JobSubmitter.java:624)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.writeSplits(JobSubmitter.java:616)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.submitJobInternal(JobSubmitter.java:492)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$10.run(Job.java:1296)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$10.run(Job.java:1293)
>> at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
>> at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1628)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job.submit(Job.java:1293)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient$1.run(JobClient.java:585)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient$1.run(JobClient.java:580)
>> at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
>> at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1628)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.submitJobInternal(JobClient.java:580)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.submitJob(JobClient.java:571)
>> at cascading.flow.hadoop.planner.HadoopFlowStepJob.internalNonBlockingStart(HadoopFlowStepJob.java:106)
>> at cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.blockOnJob(FlowStepJob.java:265)
>> at cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.start(FlowStepJob.java:184)
>> at cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.call(FlowStepJob.java:146)
>> at cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.call(FlowStepJob.java:48)
>> ... 4 more
>> Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
>> at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:809)
>
Re: ORC file split calculation problems
Posted by Prasanth Jayachandran <pj...@hortonworks.com>.
Hi Patrick
Please find answers inline..
On Mar 1, 2016, at 8:41 AM, Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com>> wrote:
Hi Prasanth,
Thanks for this. I tried out the configuration and I wanted to share some number with you.
My test setup is a cascading job that reads in 240 files (ranging from 1.5GB to 2.5GB).
In the job log I get the duration from these lines:
INFO log.PerfLogger: </PERFLOG method=OrcGetSplits start=1456747523670 end=1456747640171 duration=116501 from=org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl>
Running this without any of the configuration takes:116501 ms
Setting both flags as per your email: 27233 ms
A nice improvement.
This gain is mainly from avoiding reading of footers during split computation.. 27s for 240 files still looks a lot to me.
Is this config set to true? hive.orc.splits.include.file.footer
My guess is its still reading the footers which could be the reason for 27s. I will run some tests to see if there is a bug (reading footers despite disabling cache and predicate pushdown).
But doing the same test on data where the files have file size smaller than 256MB (The orc block size).
The orcGetSplits takes: 2741 ms
With or without setting the configuration, result are the same.
This seems to be correct.
This is still a fairly big gap. Knowing we can tune the performance with your suggested configuration is great as we might not always have the option to repartition our data. Still avoiding spanning files over multiple blocks seems to have much more of an impact even though it is counter-intuitive.
Would be good to know if other users have similar experiences.
Again thanks for your help.
Kind regards,
Patrick.
2016-02-29 6:38 GMT+00:00 Prasanth Jayachandran <pj...@hortonworks.com>>:
Hi Patrick
Please find answers inline
On Feb 26, 2016, at 9:36 AM, Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com>> wrote:
Hi Prasanth.
Thanks for the quick reply!
The logs don't show much more of the stacktrace I'm afraid:
java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:809)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
The stacktrace isn't really the issue though. The NullPointer is a symptom caused by not being able to return any stripes, if you look at the line in the code it is because the 'stripes' field is null which should never happen. This, we think, is caused by failing namenode network traffic. We would have lots of IO warning in the logs saying block's cannot be found or e.g.:
16/02/01 13:20:34 WARN hdfs.BlockReaderFactory: I/O error constructing remote block reader.
java.io.IOException: java.lang.InterruptedException
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1448)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1400)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:232)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy32.getServerDefaults(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.getServerDefaults(ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.java:268)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:187)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:102)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy33.getServerDefaults(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.getServerDefaults(DFSClient.java:1007)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.shouldEncryptData(DFSClient.java:2062)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.newDataEncryptionKey(DFSClient.java:2068)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.datatransfer.sasl.SaslDataTransferClient.checkTrustAndSend(SaslDataTransferClient.java:208)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.datatransfer.sasl.SaslDataTransferClient.peerSend(SaslDataTransferClient.java:159)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.net.TcpPeerServer.peerFromSocketAndKey(TcpPeerServer.java:90)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.newConnectedPeer(DFSClient.java:3123)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.nextTcpPeer(BlockReaderFactory.java:755)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.getRemoteBlockReaderFromTcp(BlockReaderFactory.java:670)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory.build(BlockReaderFactory.java:337)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.blockSeekTo(DFSInputStream.java:576)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.readWithStrategy(DFSInputStream.java:800)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream.read(DFSInputStream.java:848)
at java.io.DataInputStream.readFully(DataInputStream.java:195)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl.extractMetaInfoFromFooter(ReaderImpl.java:407)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.ReaderImpl.<init>(ReaderImpl.java:311)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcFile.createReader(OrcFile.java:228)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.populateAndCacheStripeDetails(OrcInputFormat.java:885)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:771)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.lang.InterruptedException
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.awaitDone(FutureTask.java:400)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:187)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.sendRpcRequest(Client.java:1047)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1442)
... 33 more
Our job doesn't always fail sometimes splits get calculated. We suspect when the namenode is too busy our job maybe hits some time-outs and the whole thing fails.
Our intuition has been the same as you suggest, bigger files is better. But we see a degradation in performance as soon as our files get bigger than the ORC block size. Keeping file size within ORC block size sounds silly but when looking at the code (OrcInputFormat) we think it cuts out a bunch of code that is causing us problems. The code we are trying to hit is: https://github.com/apache/hive/blob/release-0.14.0/ql/src/java/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/io/orc/OrcInputFormat.java#L656.
This line is hit only when the file does not span multiple blocks and is less than a max split size (by default same as block size). If you want to avoid reading the footers for split elimination or if you are not using SARGs then I would recommend the following configurations
// disables file footer cache. When this cache is disabled file footers are not read
set hive.orc.cache.stripe.details.size=-1;
// disables predicate pushdown (when not using SARG no need for this)
set hive.optimize.index.filter=false;
Avoiding the scheduling.
In our case we are not using any SARG but we do use column projection.
Any idea why if we query the data via Hive we don't have this issue?
Let me know if you need more information. Thanks for the insights, much appreciated.
Kind regards,
Patrick
2016-02-25 22:20 GMT+01:00 Prasanth Jayachandran <pj...@hortonworks.com>>:
> On Feb 25, 2016, at 3:15 PM, Prasanth Jayachandran <pj...@hortonworks.com>> wrote:
>
> Hi Patrick
>
> Can you paste entire stacktrace? Looks like NPE happened during split generation but stack trace is incomplete to know what caused it.
>
> In Hive 0.14.0, the stripe size is changed to 64MB. The default block size for ORC files is 256MB. 4 stripes can fit a block. ORC does padding to avoid stripes straddling HDFS blocks. During split calculation, ORC footer which contains stripe level column statistics is read to perform split pruning based on predicate condition specified via SARG(Search Argument).
>
> For example: Assume column ‘state’ is sorted and the predicate condition is ‘state’=“CA"
> Stripe 1: min = AZ max = FL
> Stripe 2: min = GA max = MN
> Stripe 3: min = MS max = SC
> Stripe 4: min = SD max = WY
>
> In this case, only stripe 1 satisfies the above predicate condition. So only 1 split with stripe 1 will be created.
> So if there are huge number of small files, then footers from all files has to be read to do split pruning. If there are few number of large files then only few footers have to be read. Also the minimum splittable position is stripe boundary. So having fewer large files has the advantage of reading less data during split pruning.
>
> If you can send me the full stacktrace, I can tell what is causing the exception here. I will also let you know of any workaround/next hive version with the fix.
>
> In more recent hive versions, hive 1.2.0 onwards. OrcInputFormat is has strategies to decided when to read footers and when not to read footers automatically. You can configure the strategy that you want based on the workload. In case of many small files, footers will not be read and with large files footers will be read for split pruning.
The default strategy does it automatically (choosing between when to read and when not to footers). It is configurable as well.
>
> Thanks
> Prasanth
>
>> On Feb 25, 2016, at 7:08 AM, Patrick Duin <pa...@gmail.com>> wrote:
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> We've recently moved one of our datasets to ORC and we use Cascading and Hive to read this data. We've had problems reading the data via Cascading, because of the generation of splits.
>> We read in a large number of files (thousands) and they are about 1GB each. We found that the split calculation took minutes on our cluster and often didn't succeed at all (when our namenode was busy).
>> When digging through the code of the 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.class' we figured out that if we make the files less then the ORC block size (256MB) the code would avoid lots of namenode calls. We applied this solution and made our files smaller and that solved the problem. Split calculation in our job went from 10+ mins to a couple of seconds and always succeeds.
>> We feel it is counterintuitive as bigger files are usually better in HDFS. We've also seen that doing a hive query on the data does not present this problem. Internally Hive seem to take a completely different execution path and is not using the OrcInputFormat but uses 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.CombineHiveInputFormat.class'.
>>
>> Can someone explain the reason for this difference or shed some light on the behaviour we are seeing? Any help will be greatly appreciated. We are using hive-0.14.0.
>>
>> Kind regards,
>> Patrick
>>
>> Here is the stack-trace that we would see when our Cascading job failed to calculate the splits:
>> Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: serious problem
>> at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$Context.waitForTasks(OrcInputFormat.java:478)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.generateSplitsInfo(OrcInputFormat.java:949)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat.getSplits(OrcInputFormat.java:974)
>> at com.hotels.corc.mapred.CorcInputFormat.getSplits(CorcInputFormat.java:201)
>> at cascading.tap.hadoop.io.MultiInputFormat.getSplits(MultiInputFormat.java:200)
>> at cascading.tap.hadoop.io.MultiInputFormat.getSplits(MultiInputFormat.java:142)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.writeOldSplits(JobSubmitter.java:624)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.writeSplits(JobSubmitter.java:616)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.submitJobInternal(JobSubmitter.java:492)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$10.run(Job.java:1296)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$10.run(Job.java:1293)
>> at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
>> at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1628)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job.submit(Job.java:1293)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient$1.run(JobClient.java:585)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient$1.run(JobClient.java:580)
>> at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
>> at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1628)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.submitJobInternal(JobClient.java:580)
>> at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.submitJob(JobClient.java:571)
>> at cascading.flow.hadoop.planner.HadoopFlowStepJob.internalNonBlockingStart(HadoopFlowStepJob.java:106)
>> at cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.blockOnJob(FlowStepJob.java:265)
>> at cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.start(FlowStepJob.java:184)
>> at cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.call(FlowStepJob.java:146)
>> at cascading.flow.planner.FlowStepJob.call(FlowStepJob.java:48)
>> ... 4 more
>> Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
>> at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat$SplitGenerator.run(OrcInputFormat.java:809)
>