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Posted to commits@commons.apache.org by gg...@apache.org on 2019/08/14 17:10:07 UTC

[commons-text] branch master updated: Make Javadoc 13 & 14-EA happy.

This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

ggregory pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-text.git


The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/master by this push:
     new cac485c  Make Javadoc 13 & 14-EA happy.
cac485c is described below

commit cac485ce133b4696365f2135d76203295763afef
Author: Gary Gregory <ga...@gmail.com>
AuthorDate: Wed Aug 14 10:09:56 2019 -0700

    Make Javadoc 13 & 14-EA happy.
---
 .../org/apache/commons/text/StringSubstitutor.java | 2790 ++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 1395 insertions(+), 1395 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/text/StringSubstitutor.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/text/StringSubstitutor.java
index 3fc13da..d20c950 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/text/StringSubstitutor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/text/StringSubstitutor.java
@@ -1,1395 +1,1395 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.commons.text;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Enumeration;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Properties;
-
-import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
-import org.apache.commons.text.lookup.StringLookup;
-import org.apache.commons.text.lookup.StringLookupFactory;
-import org.apache.commons.text.matcher.StringMatcher;
-import org.apache.commons.text.matcher.StringMatcherFactory;
-
-/**
- * Substitutes variables within a string by values.
- * <p>
- * This class takes a piece of text and substitutes all the variables within it. The default definition of a variable is
- * <code>${variableName}</code>. The prefix and suffix can be changed via constructors and set methods.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * Variable values are typically resolved from a map, but could also be resolved from system properties, or by supplying
- * a custom variable resolver.
- * <p>
- * The simplest example is to use this class to replace Java System properties. For example:
- * </p>
- *
- * <pre>
- * StringSubstitutor
- *         .replaceSystemProperties("You are running with java.version = ${java.version} and os.name = ${os.name}.");
- * </pre>
- *
- * <h1>Using a Custom Map</h1>
- * <p>
- * Typical usage of this class follows the following pattern: First an instance is created and initialized with the map
- * that contains the values for the available variables. If a prefix and/or suffix for variables should be used other
- * than the default ones, the appropriate settings can be performed. After that the {@code replace()} method can be
- * called passing in the source text for interpolation. In the returned text all variable references (as long as their
- * values are known) will be resolved. The following example demonstrates this:
- * </p>
- *
- * <pre>
- * Map valuesMap = HashMap();
- * valuesMap.put(&quot;animal&quot;, &quot;quick brown fox&quot;);
- * valuesMap.put(&quot;target&quot;, &quot;lazy dog&quot;);
- * String templateString = &quot;The ${animal} jumped over the ${target}.&quot;;
- * StringSubstitutor sub = new StringSubstitutor(valuesMap);
- * String resolvedString = sub.replace(templateString);
- * </pre>
- *
- * <p>
- * yielding:
- * </p>
- *
- * <pre>
- *      The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.
- * </pre>
- *
- * <h1>Providing Default Values</h1>
- * <p>
- * This class lets you set a default value for unresolved variables. The default value for a variable can be appended to
- * the variable name after the variable default value delimiter. The default value of the variable default value
- * delimiter is ':-', as in bash and other *nix shells, as those are arguably where the default ${} delimiter set
- * originated. The variable default value delimiter can be manually set by calling
- * {@link #setValueDelimiterMatcher(StringMatcher)}, {@link #setValueDelimiter(char)} or
- * {@link #setValueDelimiter(String)}. The following shows an example with variable default value settings:
- * </p>
- *
- * <pre>
- * Map valuesMap = HashMap();
- * valuesMap.put(&quot;animal&quot;, &quot;quick brown fox&quot;);
- * valuesMap.put(&quot;target&quot;, &quot;lazy dog&quot;);
- * String templateString = &quot;The ${animal} jumped over the ${target}. ${undefined.number:-1234567890}.&quot;;
- * StringSubstitutor sub = new StringSubstitutor(valuesMap);
- * String resolvedString = sub.replace(templateString);
- * </pre>
- *
- * <p>
- * yielding:
- * </p>
- *
- * <pre>
- *      The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. 1234567890.
- * </pre>
- *
- * <p>
- * {@code StringSubstitutor} supports throwing exceptions for unresolved variables, you enable this by setting calling
- * {@link #setEnableUndefinedVariableException(boolean)} with {@code true}.
- * </p>
- *
- * <h1>Reusing Instances</h1>
- * <p>
- * In addition to this usage pattern there are some static convenience methods that cover the most common use cases.
- * These methods can be used without the need of manually creating an instance. However if multiple replace operations
- * are to be performed, creating and reusing an instance of this class will be more efficient.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * This class is <b>not</b> thread safe.
- * </p>
- *
- * <h1>Using Interpolation</h1>
- * <p>
- * The default interpolator let's you use string lookups like:
- * </p>
- *
- * <pre>
-final StringSubstitutor interpolator = StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator();
-interpolator.setEnableSubstitutionInVariables(true); // Allows for nested $'s.
-final String text = interpolator.replace(
-    "Base64 Decoder:        ${base64Decoder:SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE=}\n" +
-    "Base64 Encoder:        ${base64Encoder:HelloWorld!}\n" +
-    "Java Constant:         ${const:java.awt.event.KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE}\n" +
-    "Date:                  ${date:yyyy-MM-dd}\n" +
-    "DNS:                   ${dns:address|apache.org}\n" +
-    "Environment Variable:  ${env:USERNAME}\n" +
-    "File Content:          ${file:UTF-8:src/test/resources/document.properties}\n" +
-    "Java:                  ${java:version}\n" +
-    "Localhost:             ${localhost:canonical-name}\n" +
-    "Properties File:       ${properties:src/test/resources/document.properties::mykey}\n" +
-    "Resource Bundle:       ${resourceBundle:org.example.testResourceBundleLookup:mykey}\n" +
-    "Script:                ${script:javascript:3 + 4}\n" +
-    "System Property:       ${sys:user.dir}\n" +
-    "URL Decoder:           ${urlDecoder:Hello%20World%21}\n" +
-    "URL Encoder:           ${urlEncoder:Hello World!}\n" +
-    "URL Content (HTTP):    ${url:UTF-8:http://www.apache.org}\n" +
-    "URL Content (HTTPS):   ${url:UTF-8:https://www.apache.org}\n" +
-    "URL Content (File):    ${url:UTF-8:file:///${sys:user.dir}/src/test/resources/document.properties}\n" +
-    "XML XPath:             ${xml:src/test/resources/document.xml:/root/path/to/node}\n"
-);
- * </pre>
- * <p>
- * For documentation of each lookup, see {@link StringLookupFactory}.
- * </p>
- *
- * <h1>Using Recursive Variable Replacement</h1>
- * <p>
- * Variable replacement works in a recursive way. Thus, if a variable value contains a variable then that variable will
- * also be replaced. Cyclic replacements are detected and will cause an exception to be thrown.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * Sometimes the interpolation's result must contain a variable prefix. As an example take the following source text:
- * </p>
- *
- * <pre>
- *   The variable ${${name}} must be used.
- * </pre>
- *
- * <p>
- * Here only the variable's name referred to in the text should be replaced resulting in the text (assuming that the
- * value of the {@code name} variable is {@code x}):
- * </p>
- *
- * <pre>
- *   The variable ${x} must be used.
- * </pre>
- *
- * <p>
- * To achieve this effect there are two possibilities: Either set a different prefix and suffix for variables which do
- * not conflict with the result text you want to produce. The other possibility is to use the escape character, by
- * default '$'. If this character is placed before a variable reference, this reference is ignored and won't be
- * replaced. For example:
- * </p>
- *
- * <pre>
- *   The variable $${${name}} must be used.
- * </pre>
- * <p>
- * In some complex scenarios you might even want to perform substitution in the names of variables, for instance
- * </p>
- *
- * <pre>
- * ${jre-${java.specification.version}}
- * </pre>
- *
- * <p>
- * {@code StringSubstitutor} supports this recursive substitution in variable names, but it has to be enabled explicitly
- * by calling {@link #setEnableSubstitutionInVariables(boolean)} with {@code true}.
- * </p>
- *
- * @since 1.3
- */
-public class StringSubstitutor {
-
-    /**
-     * The default variable default separator.
-     *
-     * @since 1.5.
-     */
-    public static final String DEFAULT_VAR_DEFAULT = ":-";
-
-    /**
-     * The default variable end separator.
-     *
-     * @since 1.5.
-     */
-    public static final String DEFAULT_VAR_END = "}";
-
-    /**
-     * The default variable start separator.
-     *
-     * @since 1.5.
-     */
-    public static final String DEFAULT_VAR_START = "${";
-
-    /**
-     * Constant for the default escape character.
-     */
-    public static final char DEFAULT_ESCAPE = '$';
-
-    /**
-     * Constant for the default variable prefix.
-     */
-    public static final StringMatcher DEFAULT_PREFIX = StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.stringMatcher(DEFAULT_VAR_START);
-
-    /**
-     * Constant for the default variable suffix.
-     */
-    public static final StringMatcher DEFAULT_SUFFIX = StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.stringMatcher(DEFAULT_VAR_END);
-
-    /**
-     * Constant for the default value delimiter of a variable.
-     */
-    public static final StringMatcher DEFAULT_VALUE_DELIMITER = StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE
-            .stringMatcher(DEFAULT_VAR_DEFAULT);
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance using the interpolator string lookup
-     * {@link StringLookupFactory#interpolatorStringLookup()}.
-     * <p>
-     * This StringSubstitutor lets you perform substituions like:
-     * </p>
-     *
-     * <pre>
-     * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator()
-     *   .replace("OS name: ${sys:os.name}, " + "3 + 4 = ${script:javascript:3 + 4}");
-     * </pre>
-     *
-     * @return a new instance using the interpolator string lookup.
-     * @see StringLookupFactory#interpolatorStringLookup()
-     * @since 1.8
-     */
-    public static StringSubstitutor createInterpolator() {
-        return new StringSubstitutor(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.interpolatorStringLookup());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables in the given source object with their matching values from the map.
-     *
-     * @param <V>      the type of the values in the map
-     * @param source   the source text containing the variables to substitute, null returns null
-     * @param valueMap the map with the values, may be null
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a variable is not found and enableUndefinedVariableException is true
-     */
-    public static <V> String replace(final Object source, final Map<String, V> valueMap) {
-        return new StringSubstitutor(valueMap).replace(source);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables in the given source object with their matching values from the map.
-     * This method allows to specify a custom variable prefix and suffix
-     *
-     * @param <V>      the type of the values in the map
-     * @param source   the source text containing the variables to substitute, null returns null
-     * @param valueMap the map with the values, may be null
-     * @param prefix   the prefix of variables, not null
-     * @param suffix   the suffix of variables, not null
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a variable is not found and enableUndefinedVariableException is true
-     */
-    public static <V> String replace(final Object source, final Map<String, V> valueMap, final String prefix,
-            final String suffix) {
-        return new StringSubstitutor(valueMap, prefix, suffix).replace(source);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables in the given source object with their matching values from the
-     * properties.
-     *
-     * @param source          the source text containing the variables to substitute, null returns null
-     * @param valueProperties the properties with values, may be null
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a variable is not found and enableUndefinedVariableException is true
-     */
-    public static String replace(final Object source, final Properties valueProperties) {
-        if (valueProperties == null) {
-            return source.toString();
-        }
-        final Map<String, String> valueMap = new HashMap<>();
-        final Enumeration<?> propNames = valueProperties.propertyNames();
-        while (propNames.hasMoreElements()) {
-            final String propName = (String) propNames.nextElement();
-            final String propValue = valueProperties.getProperty(propName);
-            valueMap.put(propName, propValue);
-        }
-        return StringSubstitutor.replace(source, valueMap);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables in the given source object with their matching values from the system
-     * properties.
-     *
-     * @param source the source text containing the variables to substitute, null returns null
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a variable is not found and enableUndefinedVariableException is true
-     */
-    public static String replaceSystemProperties(final Object source) {
-        return new StringSubstitutor(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.systemPropertyStringLookup()).replace(source);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Stores the escape character.
-     */
-    private char escapeChar;
-
-    /**
-     * Stores the variable prefix.
-     */
-    private StringMatcher prefixMatcher;
-
-    /**
-     * Stores the variable suffix.
-     */
-    private StringMatcher suffixMatcher;
-
-    /**
-     * Stores the default variable value delimiter.
-     */
-    private StringMatcher valueDelimiterMatcher;
-
-    /**
-     * Variable resolution is delegated to an implementor of {@link StringLookup}.
-     */
-    private StringLookup variableResolver;
-
-    /**
-     * The flag whether substitution in variable names is enabled.
-     */
-    private boolean enableSubstitutionInVariables;
-
-    /**
-     * Whether escapes should be preserved. Default is false;
-     */
-    private boolean preserveEscapes;
-
-    /**
-     * The flag whether substitution in variable values is disabled.
-     */
-    private boolean disableSubstitutionInValues;
-
-    /**
-     * The flag whether exception should be thrown on undefined variable.
-     */
-    private boolean enableUndefinedVariableException;
-
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance with defaults for variable prefix and suffix and the escaping character.
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor() {
-        this((StringLookup) null, DEFAULT_PREFIX, DEFAULT_SUFFIX, DEFAULT_ESCAPE);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance and initializes it. Uses defaults for variable prefix and suffix and the escaping
-     * character.
-     *
-     * @param <V>      the type of the values in the map
-     * @param valueMap the map with the variables' values, may be null
-     */
-    public <V> StringSubstitutor(final Map<String, V> valueMap) {
-        this(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.mapStringLookup(valueMap), DEFAULT_PREFIX, DEFAULT_SUFFIX, DEFAULT_ESCAPE);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance and initializes it. Uses a default escaping character.
-     *
-     * @param <V>      the type of the values in the map
-     * @param valueMap the map with the variables' values, may be null
-     * @param prefix   the prefix for variables, not null
-     * @param suffix   the suffix for variables, not null
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
-     */
-    public <V> StringSubstitutor(final Map<String, V> valueMap, final String prefix, final String suffix) {
-        this(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.mapStringLookup(valueMap), prefix, suffix, DEFAULT_ESCAPE);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
-     *
-     * @param <V>      the type of the values in the map
-     * @param valueMap the map with the variables' values, may be null
-     * @param prefix   the prefix for variables, not null
-     * @param suffix   the suffix for variables, not null
-     * @param escape   the escape character
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
-     */
-    public <V> StringSubstitutor(final Map<String, V> valueMap, final String prefix, final String suffix,
-            final char escape) {
-        this(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.mapStringLookup(valueMap), prefix, suffix, escape);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
-     *
-     * @param <V>            the type of the values in the map
-     * @param valueMap       the map with the variables' values, may be null
-     * @param prefix         the prefix for variables, not null
-     * @param suffix         the suffix for variables, not null
-     * @param escape         the escape character
-     * @param valueDelimiter the variable default value delimiter, may be null
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
-     */
-    public <V> StringSubstitutor(final Map<String, V> valueMap, final String prefix, final String suffix,
-            final char escape, final String valueDelimiter) {
-        this(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.mapStringLookup(valueMap), prefix, suffix, escape, valueDelimiter);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
-     *
-     * @param variableResolver the variable resolver, may be null
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor(final StringLookup variableResolver) {
-        this(variableResolver, DEFAULT_PREFIX, DEFAULT_SUFFIX, DEFAULT_ESCAPE);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
-     *
-     * @param variableResolver the variable resolver, may be null
-     * @param prefix           the prefix for variables, not null
-     * @param suffix           the suffix for variables, not null
-     * @param escape           the escape character
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor(final StringLookup variableResolver, final String prefix, final String suffix,
-            final char escape) {
-        this.setVariableResolver(variableResolver);
-        this.setVariablePrefix(prefix);
-        this.setVariableSuffix(suffix);
-        this.setEscapeChar(escape);
-        this.setValueDelimiterMatcher(DEFAULT_VALUE_DELIMITER);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
-     *
-     * @param variableResolver the variable resolver, may be null
-     * @param prefix           the prefix for variables, not null
-     * @param suffix           the suffix for variables, not null
-     * @param escape           the escape character
-     * @param valueDelimiter   the variable default value delimiter string, may be null
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor(final StringLookup variableResolver, final String prefix, final String suffix,
-            final char escape, final String valueDelimiter) {
-        this.setVariableResolver(variableResolver);
-        this.setVariablePrefix(prefix);
-        this.setVariableSuffix(suffix);
-        this.setEscapeChar(escape);
-        this.setValueDelimiter(valueDelimiter);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
-     *
-     * @param variableResolver the variable resolver, may be null
-     * @param prefixMatcher    the prefix for variables, not null
-     * @param suffixMatcher    the suffix for variables, not null
-     * @param escape           the escape character
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor(final StringLookup variableResolver, final StringMatcher prefixMatcher,
-            final StringMatcher suffixMatcher, final char escape) {
-        this(variableResolver, prefixMatcher, suffixMatcher, escape, DEFAULT_VALUE_DELIMITER);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
-     *
-     * @param variableResolver      the variable resolver, may be null
-     * @param prefixMatcher         the prefix for variables, not null
-     * @param suffixMatcher         the suffix for variables, not null
-     * @param escape                the escape character
-     * @param valueDelimiterMatcher the variable default value delimiter matcher, may be null
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor(final StringLookup variableResolver, final StringMatcher prefixMatcher,
-            final StringMatcher suffixMatcher, final char escape, final StringMatcher valueDelimiterMatcher) {
-        this.setVariableResolver(variableResolver);
-        this.setVariablePrefixMatcher(prefixMatcher);
-        this.setVariableSuffixMatcher(suffixMatcher);
-        this.setEscapeChar(escape);
-        this.setValueDelimiterMatcher(valueDelimiterMatcher);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the specified variable is already in the stack (list) of variables.
-     *
-     * @param varName        the variable name to check
-     * @param priorVariables the list of prior variables
-     */
-    private void checkCyclicSubstitution(final String varName, final List<String> priorVariables) {
-        if (!priorVariables.contains(varName)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(256);
-        buf.append("Infinite loop in property interpolation of ");
-        buf.append(priorVariables.remove(0));
-        buf.append(": ");
-        buf.appendWithSeparators(priorVariables, "->");
-        throw new IllegalStateException(buf.toString());
-    }
-
-    // Escape
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Returns the escape character.
-     *
-     * @return The character used for escaping variable references
-     */
-    public char getEscapeChar() {
-        return this.escapeChar;
-    }
-
-    // Resolver
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Gets the StringLookup that is used to lookup variables.
-     *
-     * @return The StringLookup
-     */
-    public StringLookup getStringLookup() {
-        return this.variableResolver;
-    }
-
-    // Variable Default Value Delimiter
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Gets the variable default value delimiter matcher currently in use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable default value delimiter is the character or characters that delimite the variable name and the
-     * variable default value. This delimiter is expressed in terms of a matcher allowing advanced variable default
-     * value delimiter matches.
-     * <p>
-     * If it returns null, then the variable default value resolution is disabled.
-     *
-     * @return The variable default value delimiter matcher in use, may be null
-     */
-    public StringMatcher getValueDelimiterMatcher() {
-        return valueDelimiterMatcher;
-    }
-
-    // Prefix
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Gets the variable prefix matcher currently in use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable prefix is the character or characters that identify the start of a variable. This prefix is
-     * expressed in terms of a matcher allowing advanced prefix matches.
-     *
-     * @return The prefix matcher in use
-     */
-    public StringMatcher getVariablePrefixMatcher() {
-        return prefixMatcher;
-    }
-
-    // Suffix
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Gets the variable suffix matcher currently in use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable suffix is the character or characters that identify the end of a variable. This suffix is expressed
-     * in terms of a matcher allowing advanced suffix matches.
-     *
-     * @return The suffix matcher in use
-     */
-    public StringMatcher getVariableSuffixMatcher() {
-        return suffixMatcher;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a flag whether substitution is disabled in variable values.If set to <b>true</b>, the values of variables
-     * can contain other variables will not be processed and substituted original variable is evaluated, e.g.
-     *
-     * <pre>
-     * Map valuesMap = HashMap();
-     * valuesMap.put(&quot;name&quot;, &quot;Douglas ${surname}&quot;);
-     * valuesMap.put(&quot;surname&quot;, &quot;Crockford&quot;);
-     * String templateString = &quot;Hi ${name}&quot;;
-     * StrSubstitutor sub = new StrSubstitutor(valuesMap);
-     * String resolvedString = sub.replace(templateString);
-     * </pre>
-     *
-     * yielding:
-     *
-     * <pre>
-     *      Hi Douglas ${surname}
-     * </pre>
-     *
-     * @return The substitution in variable values flag
-     */
-    public boolean isDisableSubstitutionInValues() {
-        return disableSubstitutionInValues;
-    }
-
-    // Substitution support in variable names
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Returns a flag whether substitution is done in variable names.
-     *
-     * @return The substitution in variable names flag
-     */
-    public boolean isEnableSubstitutionInVariables() {
-        return enableSubstitutionInVariables;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a flag whether exception can be thrown upon undefined variable.
-     *
-     * @return The fail on undefined variable flag
-     */
-    public boolean isEnableUndefinedVariableException() {
-        return enableUndefinedVariableException;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the flag controlling whether escapes are preserved during substitution.
-     *
-     * @return The preserve escape flag
-     */
-    public boolean isPreserveEscapes() {
-        return preserveEscapes;
-    }
-
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
-     * array as a template. The array is not altered by this method.
-     *
-     * @param source the character array to replace in, not altered, null returns null
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public String replace(final char[] source) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(source.length).append(source);
-        substitute(buf, 0, source.length);
-        return buf.toString();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
-     * array as a template. The array is not altered by this method.
-     * <p>
-     * Only the specified portion of the array will be processed. The rest of the array is not processed, and is not
-     * returned.
-     *
-     * @param source the character array to replace in, not altered, null returns null
-     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
-     * @param length the length within the array to be processed, must be valid
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public String replace(final char[] source, final int offset, final int length) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
-        substitute(buf, 0, length);
-        return buf.toString();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source as
-     * a template. The source is not altered by this method.
-     *
-     * @param source the buffer to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public String replace(final CharSequence source) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        return replace(source, 0, source.length());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source as
-     * a template. The source is not altered by this method.
-     * <p>
-     * Only the specified portion of the buffer will be processed. The rest of the buffer is not processed, and is not
-     * returned.
-     *
-     * @param source the buffer to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
-     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
-     * @param length the length within the array to be processed, must be valid
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public String replace(final CharSequence source, final int offset, final int length) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source.toString(), offset, length);
-        substitute(buf, 0, length);
-        return buf.toString();
-    }
-
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables in the given source object with their matching values from the
-     * resolver. The input source object is converted to a string using <code>toString</code> and is not altered.
-     *
-     * @param source the source to replace in, null returns null
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a variable is not found and enableUndefinedVariableException is true
-     */
-    public String replace(final Object source) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder().append(source);
-        substitute(buf, 0, buf.length());
-        return buf.toString();
-    }
-
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
-     * string as a template.
-     *
-     * @param source the string to replace in, null returns null
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public String replace(final String source) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(source);
-        if (!substitute(buf, 0, source.length())) {
-            return source;
-        }
-        return buf.toString();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
-     * string as a template.
-     * <p>
-     * Only the specified portion of the string will be processed. The rest of the string is not processed, and is not
-     * returned.
-     *
-     * @param source the string to replace in, null returns null
-     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
-     * @param length the length within the array to be processed, must be valid
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public String replace(final String source, final int offset, final int length) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
-        if (!substitute(buf, 0, length)) {
-            return source.substring(offset, offset + length);
-        }
-        return buf.toString();
-    }
-
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
-     * buffer as a template. The buffer is not altered by this method.
-     *
-     * @param source the buffer to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public String replace(final StringBuffer source) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(source.length()).append(source);
-        substitute(buf, 0, buf.length());
-        return buf.toString();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
-     * buffer as a template. The buffer is not altered by this method.
-     * <p>
-     * Only the specified portion of the buffer will be processed. The rest of the buffer is not processed, and is not
-     * returned.
-     *
-     * @param source the buffer to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
-     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
-     * @param length the length within the array to be processed, must be valid
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public String replace(final StringBuffer source, final int offset, final int length) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
-        substitute(buf, 0, length);
-        return buf.toString();
-    }
-
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
-     * builder as a template. The builder is not altered by this method.
-     *
-     * @param source the builder to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public String replace(final TextStringBuilder source) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(source.length()).append(source);
-        substitute(buf, 0, buf.length());
-        return buf.toString();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
-     * builder as a template. The builder is not altered by this method.
-     * <p>
-     * Only the specified portion of the builder will be processed. The rest of the builder is not processed, and is not
-     * returned.
-     *
-     * @param source the builder to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
-     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
-     * @param length the length within the array to be processed, must be valid
-     * @return The result of the replace operation
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public String replace(final TextStringBuilder source, final int offset, final int length) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
-        substitute(buf, 0, length);
-        return buf.toString();
-    }
-
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source buffer with their matching values from the
-     * resolver. The buffer is updated with the result.
-     *
-     * @param source the buffer to replace in, updated, null returns zero
-     * @return true if altered
-     */
-    public boolean replaceIn(final StringBuffer source) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return replaceIn(source, 0, source.length());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source buffer with their matching values from the
-     * resolver. The buffer is updated with the result.
-     * <p>
-     * Only the specified portion of the buffer will be processed. The rest of the buffer is not processed, but it is
-     * not deleted.
-     *
-     * @param source the buffer to replace in, updated, null returns zero
-     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
-     * @param length the length within the buffer to be processed, must be valid
-     * @return true if altered
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public boolean replaceIn(final StringBuffer source, final int offset, final int length) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
-        if (!substitute(buf, 0, length)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        source.replace(offset, offset + length, buf.toString());
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source buffer with their matching values from the
-     * resolver. The buffer is updated with the result.
-     *
-     * @param source the buffer to replace in, updated, null returns zero
-     * @return true if altered
-     */
-    public boolean replaceIn(final StringBuilder source) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return replaceIn(source, 0, source.length());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source builder with their matching values from the
-     * resolver. The builder is updated with the result.
-     * <p>
-     * Only the specified portion of the buffer will be processed. The rest of the buffer is not processed, but it is
-     * not deleted.
-     *
-     * @param source the buffer to replace in, updated, null returns zero
-     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
-     * @param length the length within the buffer to be processed, must be valid
-     * @return true if altered
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public boolean replaceIn(final StringBuilder source, final int offset, final int length) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
-        if (!substitute(buf, 0, length)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        source.replace(offset, offset + length, buf.toString());
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source builder with their matching values from the
-     * resolver.
-     *
-     * @param source the builder to replace in, updated, null returns zero
-     * @return true if altered
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public boolean replaceIn(final TextStringBuilder source) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return substitute(source, 0, source.length());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source builder with their matching values from the
-     * resolver.
-     * <p>
-     * Only the specified portion of the builder will be processed. The rest of the builder is not processed, but it is
-     * not deleted.
-     *
-     * @param source the builder to replace in, null returns zero
-     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
-     * @param length the length within the builder to be processed, must be valid
-     * @return true if altered
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    public boolean replaceIn(final TextStringBuilder source, final int offset, final int length) {
-        if (source == null) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return substitute(source, offset, length);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Internal method that resolves the value of a variable.
-     * <p>
-     * Most users of this class do not need to call this method. This method is called automatically by the substitution
-     * process.
-     * <p>
-     * Writers of subclasses can override this method if they need to alter how each substitution occurs. The method is
-     * passed the variable's name and must return the corresponding value. This implementation uses the
-     * {@link #getStringLookup()} with the variable's name as the key.
-     *
-     * @param variableName the name of the variable, not null
-     * @param buf          the buffer where the substitution is occurring, not null
-     * @param startPos     the start position of the variable including the prefix, valid
-     * @param endPos       the end position of the variable including the suffix, valid
-     * @return The variable's value or <b>null</b> if the variable is unknown
-     */
-    protected String resolveVariable(final String variableName, final TextStringBuilder buf, final int startPos,
-            final int endPos) {
-        final StringLookup resolver = getStringLookup();
-        if (resolver == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        return resolver.lookup(variableName);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets a flag whether substitution is done in variable values (recursive).
-     *
-     * @param disableSubstitutionInValues true if substitution in variable value are disabled
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setDisableSubstitutionInValues(final boolean disableSubstitutionInValues) {
-        this.disableSubstitutionInValues = disableSubstitutionInValues;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets a flag whether substitution is done in variable names. If set to <b>true</b>, the names of variables can
-     * contain other variables which are processed first before the original variable is evaluated, e.g.
-     * <code>${jre-${java.version}}</code>. The default value is <b>false</b>.
-     *
-     * @param enableSubstitutionInVariables the new value of the flag
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setEnableSubstitutionInVariables(final boolean enableSubstitutionInVariables) {
-        this.enableSubstitutionInVariables = enableSubstitutionInVariables;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets a flag whether exception should be thrown if any variable is undefined.
-     *
-     * @param failOnUndefinedVariable true if exception should be thrown on undefined variable
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setEnableUndefinedVariableException(final boolean failOnUndefinedVariable) {
-        this.enableUndefinedVariableException = failOnUndefinedVariable;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the escape character. If this character is placed before a variable reference in the source text, this
-     * variable will be ignored.
-     *
-     * @param escapeCharacter the escape character (0 for disabling escaping)
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setEscapeChar(final char escapeCharacter) {
-        this.escapeChar = escapeCharacter;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets a flag controlling whether escapes are preserved during substitution. If set to <b>true</b>, the escape
-     * character is retained during substitution (e.g. <code>$${this-is-escaped}</code> remains
-     * <code>$${this-is-escaped}</code>). If set to <b>false</b>, the escape character is removed during substitution
-     * (e.g. <code>$${this-is-escaped}</code> becomes <code>${this-is-escaped}</code>). The default value is
-     * <b>false</b>
-     *
-     * @param preserveEscapes true if escapes are to be preserved
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setPreserveEscapes(final boolean preserveEscapes) {
-        this.preserveEscapes = preserveEscapes;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the variable default value delimiter to use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable default value delimiter is the character or characters that delimite the variable name and the
-     * variable default value. This method allows a single character variable default value delimiter to be easily set.
-     *
-     * @param valueDelimiter the variable default value delimiter character to use
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setValueDelimiter(final char valueDelimiter) {
-        return setValueDelimiterMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.charMatcher(valueDelimiter));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the variable default value delimiter to use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable default value delimiter is the character or characters that delimite the variable name and the
-     * variable default value. This method allows a string variable default value delimiter to be easily set.
-     * <p>
-     * If the <code>valueDelimiter</code> is null or empty string, then the variable default value resolution becomes
-     * disabled.
-     *
-     * @param valueDelimiter the variable default value delimiter string to use, may be null or empty
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setValueDelimiter(final String valueDelimiter) {
-        if (valueDelimiter == null || valueDelimiter.length() == 0) {
-            setValueDelimiterMatcher(null);
-            return this;
-        }
-        return setValueDelimiterMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.stringMatcher(valueDelimiter));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the variable default value delimiter matcher to use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable default value delimiter is the character or characters that delimite the variable name and the
-     * variable default value. This delimiter is expressed in terms of a matcher allowing advanced variable default
-     * value delimiter matches.
-     * <p>
-     * If the <code>valueDelimiterMatcher</code> is null, then the variable default value resolution becomes disabled.
-     *
-     * @param valueDelimiterMatcher variable default value delimiter matcher to use, may be null
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setValueDelimiterMatcher(final StringMatcher valueDelimiterMatcher) {
-        this.valueDelimiterMatcher = valueDelimiterMatcher;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the variable prefix to use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable prefix is the character or characters that identify the start of a variable. This method allows a
-     * single character prefix to be easily set.
-     *
-     * @param prefix the prefix character to use
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setVariablePrefix(final char prefix) {
-        return setVariablePrefixMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.charMatcher(prefix));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the variable prefix to use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable prefix is the character or characters that identify the start of a variable. This method allows a
-     * string prefix to be easily set.
-     *
-     * @param prefix the prefix for variables, not null
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix is null
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setVariablePrefix(final String prefix) {
-        Validate.isTrue(prefix != null, "Variable prefix must not be null!");
-        return setVariablePrefixMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.stringMatcher(prefix));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the variable prefix matcher currently in use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable prefix is the character or characters that identify the start of a variable. This prefix is
-     * expressed in terms of a matcher allowing advanced prefix matches.
-     *
-     * @param prefixMatcher the prefix matcher to use, null ignored
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix matcher is null
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setVariablePrefixMatcher(final StringMatcher prefixMatcher) {
-        Validate.isTrue(prefixMatcher != null, "Variable prefix matcher must not be null!");
-        this.prefixMatcher = prefixMatcher;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the VariableResolver that is used to lookup variables.
-     *
-     * @param variableResolver the VariableResolver
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setVariableResolver(final StringLookup variableResolver) {
-        this.variableResolver = variableResolver;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the variable suffix to use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable suffix is the character or characters that identify the end of a variable. This method allows a
-     * single character suffix to be easily set.
-     *
-     * @param suffix the suffix character to use
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setVariableSuffix(final char suffix) {
-        return setVariableSuffixMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.charMatcher(suffix));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the variable suffix to use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable suffix is the character or characters that identify the end of a variable. This method allows a
-     * string suffix to be easily set.
-     *
-     * @param suffix the suffix for variables, not null
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the suffix is null
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setVariableSuffix(final String suffix) {
-        Validate.isTrue(suffix != null, "Variable suffix must not be null!");
-        return setVariableSuffixMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.stringMatcher(suffix));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the variable suffix matcher currently in use.
-     * <p>
-     * The variable suffix is the character or characters that identify the end of a variable. This suffix is expressed
-     * in terms of a matcher allowing advanced suffix matches.
-     *
-     * @param suffixMatcher the suffix matcher to use, null ignored
-     * @return this, to enable chaining
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the suffix matcher is null
-     */
-    public StringSubstitutor setVariableSuffixMatcher(final StringMatcher suffixMatcher) {
-        Validate.isTrue(suffixMatcher != null, "Variable suffix matcher must not be null!");
-        this.suffixMatcher = suffixMatcher;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    /**
-     * Internal method that substitutes the variables.
-     * <p>
-     * Most users of this class do not need to call this method. This method will be called automatically by another
-     * (public) method.
-     * <p>
-     * Writers of subclasses can override this method if they need access to the substitution process at the start or
-     * end.
-     *
-     * @param buf    the string builder to substitute into, not null
-     * @param offset the start offset within the builder, must be valid
-     * @param length the length within the builder to be processed, must be valid
-     * @return true if altered
-     */
-    protected boolean substitute(final TextStringBuilder buf, final int offset, final int length) {
-        return substitute(buf, offset, length, null) > 0;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Recursive handler for multiple levels of interpolation. This is the main interpolation method, which resolves the
-     * values of all variable references contained in the passed in text.
-     *
-     * @param buf            the string builder to substitute into, not null
-     * @param offset         the start offset within the builder, must be valid
-     * @param length         the length within the builder to be processed, must be valid
-     * @param priorVariables the stack keeping track of the replaced variables, may be null
-     * @return The length change that occurs, unless priorVariables is null when the int represents a boolean flag as to
-     *         whether any change occurred.
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
-     */
-    private int substitute(final TextStringBuilder buf, final int offset, final int length,
-            List<String> priorVariables) {
-        final StringMatcher pfxMatcher = getVariablePrefixMatcher();
-        final StringMatcher suffMatcher = getVariableSuffixMatcher();
-        final char escape = getEscapeChar();
-        final StringMatcher valueDelimMatcher = getValueDelimiterMatcher();
-        final boolean substitutionInVariablesEnabled = isEnableSubstitutionInVariables();
-        final boolean substitutionInValuesDisabled = isDisableSubstitutionInValues();
-        final boolean undefinedVariableException = isEnableUndefinedVariableException();
-
-        final boolean top = priorVariables == null;
-        boolean altered = false;
-        int lengthChange = 0;
-        char[] chars = buf.buffer;
-        int bufEnd = offset + length;
-        int pos = offset;
-        while (pos < bufEnd) {
-            final int startMatchLen = pfxMatcher.isMatch(chars, pos, offset, bufEnd);
-            if (startMatchLen == 0) {
-                pos++;
-            } else {
-                // found variable start marker
-                if (pos > offset && chars[pos - 1] == escape) {
-                    // escaped
-                    if (preserveEscapes) {
-                        pos++;
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    buf.deleteCharAt(pos - 1);
-                    chars = buf.buffer; // in case buffer was altered
-                    lengthChange--;
-                    altered = true;
-                    bufEnd--;
-                } else {
-                    // find suffix
-                    final int startPos = pos;
-                    pos += startMatchLen;
-                    int endMatchLen = 0;
-                    int nestedVarCount = 0;
-                    while (pos < bufEnd) {
-                        if (substitutionInVariablesEnabled && pfxMatcher.isMatch(chars, pos, offset, bufEnd) != 0) {
-                            // found a nested variable start
-                            endMatchLen = pfxMatcher.isMatch(chars, pos, offset, bufEnd);
-                            nestedVarCount++;
-                            pos += endMatchLen;
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        endMatchLen = suffMatcher.isMatch(chars, pos, offset, bufEnd);
-                        if (endMatchLen == 0) {
-                            pos++;
-                        } else {
-                            // found variable end marker
-                            if (nestedVarCount == 0) {
-                                String varNameExpr = new String(chars, startPos + startMatchLen,
-                                        pos - startPos - startMatchLen);
-                                if (substitutionInVariablesEnabled) {
-                                    final TextStringBuilder bufName = new TextStringBuilder(varNameExpr);
-                                    substitute(bufName, 0, bufName.length());
-                                    varNameExpr = bufName.toString();
-                                }
-                                pos += endMatchLen;
-                                final int endPos = pos;
-
-                                String varName = varNameExpr;
-                                String varDefaultValue = null;
-
-                                if (valueDelimMatcher != null) {
-                                    final char[] varNameExprChars = varNameExpr.toCharArray();
-                                    int valueDelimiterMatchLen = 0;
-                                    for (int i = 0; i < varNameExprChars.length; i++) {
-                                        // if there's any nested variable when nested variable substitution disabled,
-                                        // then stop resolving name and default value.
-                                        if (!substitutionInVariablesEnabled && pfxMatcher.isMatch(varNameExprChars, i,
-                                                i, varNameExprChars.length) != 0) {
-                                            break;
-                                        }
-                                        if (valueDelimMatcher.isMatch(varNameExprChars, i, 0,
-                                                varNameExprChars.length) != 0) {
-                                            valueDelimiterMatchLen = valueDelimMatcher.isMatch(varNameExprChars, i, 0,
-                                                    varNameExprChars.length);
-                                            varName = varNameExpr.substring(0, i);
-                                            varDefaultValue = varNameExpr.substring(i + valueDelimiterMatchLen);
-                                            break;
-                                        }
-                                    }
-                                }
-
-                                // on the first call initialize priorVariables
-                                if (priorVariables == null) {
-                                    priorVariables = new ArrayList<>();
-                                    priorVariables.add(new String(chars, offset, length));
-                                }
-
-                                // handle cyclic substitution
-                                checkCyclicSubstitution(varName, priorVariables);
-                                priorVariables.add(varName);
-
-                                // resolve the variable
-                                String varValue = resolveVariable(varName, buf, startPos, endPos);
-                                if (varValue == null) {
-                                    varValue = varDefaultValue;
-                                }
-                                if (varValue != null) {
-                                    final int varLen = varValue.length();
-                                    buf.replace(startPos, endPos, varValue);
-                                    altered = true;
-                                    int change = 0;
-                                    if (!substitutionInValuesDisabled) { // recursive replace
-                                        change = substitute(buf, startPos, varLen, priorVariables);
-                                    }
-                                    change = change + varLen - (endPos - startPos);
-                                    pos += change;
-                                    bufEnd += change;
-                                    lengthChange += change;
-                                    chars = buf.buffer; // in case buffer was altered
-                                } else if (undefinedVariableException) {
-                                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
-                                            "Cannot resolve variable '%s' (enableSubstitutionInVariables=%s).", varName,
-                                            enableSubstitutionInVariables));
-                                }
-
-                                // remove variable from the cyclic stack
-                                priorVariables.remove(priorVariables.size() - 1);
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            nestedVarCount--;
-                            pos += endMatchLen;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (top) {
-            return altered ? 1 : 0;
-        }
-        return lengthChange;
-    }
-}
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.text;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
+import org.apache.commons.text.lookup.StringLookup;
+import org.apache.commons.text.lookup.StringLookupFactory;
+import org.apache.commons.text.matcher.StringMatcher;
+import org.apache.commons.text.matcher.StringMatcherFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Substitutes variables within a string by values.
+ * <p>
+ * This class takes a piece of text and substitutes all the variables within it. The default definition of a variable is
+ * <code>${variableName}</code>. The prefix and suffix can be changed via constructors and set methods.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * Variable values are typically resolved from a map, but could also be resolved from system properties, or by supplying
+ * a custom variable resolver.
+ * <p>
+ * The simplest example is to use this class to replace Java System properties. For example:
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * StringSubstitutor
+ *         .replaceSystemProperties("You are running with java.version = ${java.version} and os.name = ${os.name}.");
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <h2>Using a Custom Map</h2>
+ * <p>
+ * Typical usage of this class follows the following pattern: First an instance is created and initialized with the map
+ * that contains the values for the available variables. If a prefix and/or suffix for variables should be used other
+ * than the default ones, the appropriate settings can be performed. After that the {@code replace()} method can be
+ * called passing in the source text for interpolation. In the returned text all variable references (as long as their
+ * values are known) will be resolved. The following example demonstrates this:
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * Map valuesMap = HashMap();
+ * valuesMap.put(&quot;animal&quot;, &quot;quick brown fox&quot;);
+ * valuesMap.put(&quot;target&quot;, &quot;lazy dog&quot;);
+ * String templateString = &quot;The ${animal} jumped over the ${target}.&quot;;
+ * StringSubstitutor sub = new StringSubstitutor(valuesMap);
+ * String resolvedString = sub.replace(templateString);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * yielding:
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *      The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <h2>Providing Default Values</h2>
+ * <p>
+ * This class lets you set a default value for unresolved variables. The default value for a variable can be appended to
+ * the variable name after the variable default value delimiter. The default value of the variable default value
+ * delimiter is ':-', as in bash and other *nix shells, as those are arguably where the default ${} delimiter set
+ * originated. The variable default value delimiter can be manually set by calling
+ * {@link #setValueDelimiterMatcher(StringMatcher)}, {@link #setValueDelimiter(char)} or
+ * {@link #setValueDelimiter(String)}. The following shows an example with variable default value settings:
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * Map valuesMap = HashMap();
+ * valuesMap.put(&quot;animal&quot;, &quot;quick brown fox&quot;);
+ * valuesMap.put(&quot;target&quot;, &quot;lazy dog&quot;);
+ * String templateString = &quot;The ${animal} jumped over the ${target}. ${undefined.number:-1234567890}.&quot;;
+ * StringSubstitutor sub = new StringSubstitutor(valuesMap);
+ * String resolvedString = sub.replace(templateString);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * yielding:
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *      The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. 1234567890.
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * {@code StringSubstitutor} supports throwing exceptions for unresolved variables, you enable this by setting calling
+ * {@link #setEnableUndefinedVariableException(boolean)} with {@code true}.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <h2>Reusing Instances</h2>
+ * <p>
+ * In addition to this usage pattern there are some static convenience methods that cover the most common use cases.
+ * These methods can be used without the need of manually creating an instance. However if multiple replace operations
+ * are to be performed, creating and reusing an instance of this class will be more efficient.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * This class is <b>not</b> thread safe.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <h2>Using Interpolation</h2>
+ * <p>
+ * The default interpolator let's you use string lookups like:
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+final StringSubstitutor interpolator = StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator();
+interpolator.setEnableSubstitutionInVariables(true); // Allows for nested $'s.
+final String text = interpolator.replace(
+    "Base64 Decoder:        ${base64Decoder:SGVsbG9Xb3JsZCE=}\n" +
+    "Base64 Encoder:        ${base64Encoder:HelloWorld!}\n" +
+    "Java Constant:         ${const:java.awt.event.KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE}\n" +
+    "Date:                  ${date:yyyy-MM-dd}\n" +
+    "DNS:                   ${dns:address|apache.org}\n" +
+    "Environment Variable:  ${env:USERNAME}\n" +
+    "File Content:          ${file:UTF-8:src/test/resources/document.properties}\n" +
+    "Java:                  ${java:version}\n" +
+    "Localhost:             ${localhost:canonical-name}\n" +
+    "Properties File:       ${properties:src/test/resources/document.properties::mykey}\n" +
+    "Resource Bundle:       ${resourceBundle:org.example.testResourceBundleLookup:mykey}\n" +
+    "Script:                ${script:javascript:3 + 4}\n" +
+    "System Property:       ${sys:user.dir}\n" +
+    "URL Decoder:           ${urlDecoder:Hello%20World%21}\n" +
+    "URL Encoder:           ${urlEncoder:Hello World!}\n" +
+    "URL Content (HTTP):    ${url:UTF-8:http://www.apache.org}\n" +
+    "URL Content (HTTPS):   ${url:UTF-8:https://www.apache.org}\n" +
+    "URL Content (File):    ${url:UTF-8:file:///${sys:user.dir}/src/test/resources/document.properties}\n" +
+    "XML XPath:             ${xml:src/test/resources/document.xml:/root/path/to/node}\n"
+);
+ * </pre>
+ * <p>
+ * For documentation of each lookup, see {@link StringLookupFactory}.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <h2>Using Recursive Variable Replacement</h2>
+ * <p>
+ * Variable replacement works in a recursive way. Thus, if a variable value contains a variable then that variable will
+ * also be replaced. Cyclic replacements are detected and will cause an exception to be thrown.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * Sometimes the interpolation's result must contain a variable prefix. As an example take the following source text:
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   The variable ${${name}} must be used.
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Here only the variable's name referred to in the text should be replaced resulting in the text (assuming that the
+ * value of the {@code name} variable is {@code x}):
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   The variable ${x} must be used.
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * To achieve this effect there are two possibilities: Either set a different prefix and suffix for variables which do
+ * not conflict with the result text you want to produce. The other possibility is to use the escape character, by
+ * default '$'. If this character is placed before a variable reference, this reference is ignored and won't be
+ * replaced. For example:
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   The variable $${${name}} must be used.
+ * </pre>
+ * <p>
+ * In some complex scenarios you might even want to perform substitution in the names of variables, for instance
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ${jre-${java.specification.version}}
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * {@code StringSubstitutor} supports this recursive substitution in variable names, but it has to be enabled explicitly
+ * by calling {@link #setEnableSubstitutionInVariables(boolean)} with {@code true}.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @since 1.3
+ */
+public class StringSubstitutor {
+
+    /**
+     * The default variable default separator.
+     *
+     * @since 1.5.
+     */
+    public static final String DEFAULT_VAR_DEFAULT = ":-";
+
+    /**
+     * The default variable end separator.
+     *
+     * @since 1.5.
+     */
+    public static final String DEFAULT_VAR_END = "}";
+
+    /**
+     * The default variable start separator.
+     *
+     * @since 1.5.
+     */
+    public static final String DEFAULT_VAR_START = "${";
+
+    /**
+     * Constant for the default escape character.
+     */
+    public static final char DEFAULT_ESCAPE = '$';
+
+    /**
+     * Constant for the default variable prefix.
+     */
+    public static final StringMatcher DEFAULT_PREFIX = StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.stringMatcher(DEFAULT_VAR_START);
+
+    /**
+     * Constant for the default variable suffix.
+     */
+    public static final StringMatcher DEFAULT_SUFFIX = StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.stringMatcher(DEFAULT_VAR_END);
+
+    /**
+     * Constant for the default value delimiter of a variable.
+     */
+    public static final StringMatcher DEFAULT_VALUE_DELIMITER = StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE
+            .stringMatcher(DEFAULT_VAR_DEFAULT);
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance using the interpolator string lookup
+     * {@link StringLookupFactory#interpolatorStringLookup()}.
+     * <p>
+     * This StringSubstitutor lets you perform substituions like:
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * StringSubstitutor.createInterpolator()
+     *   .replace("OS name: ${sys:os.name}, " + "3 + 4 = ${script:javascript:3 + 4}");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @return a new instance using the interpolator string lookup.
+     * @see StringLookupFactory#interpolatorStringLookup()
+     * @since 1.8
+     */
+    public static StringSubstitutor createInterpolator() {
+        return new StringSubstitutor(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.interpolatorStringLookup());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables in the given source object with their matching values from the map.
+     *
+     * @param <V>      the type of the values in the map
+     * @param source   the source text containing the variables to substitute, null returns null
+     * @param valueMap the map with the values, may be null
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a variable is not found and enableUndefinedVariableException is true
+     */
+    public static <V> String replace(final Object source, final Map<String, V> valueMap) {
+        return new StringSubstitutor(valueMap).replace(source);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables in the given source object with their matching values from the map.
+     * This method allows to specify a custom variable prefix and suffix
+     *
+     * @param <V>      the type of the values in the map
+     * @param source   the source text containing the variables to substitute, null returns null
+     * @param valueMap the map with the values, may be null
+     * @param prefix   the prefix of variables, not null
+     * @param suffix   the suffix of variables, not null
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a variable is not found and enableUndefinedVariableException is true
+     */
+    public static <V> String replace(final Object source, final Map<String, V> valueMap, final String prefix,
+            final String suffix) {
+        return new StringSubstitutor(valueMap, prefix, suffix).replace(source);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables in the given source object with their matching values from the
+     * properties.
+     *
+     * @param source          the source text containing the variables to substitute, null returns null
+     * @param valueProperties the properties with values, may be null
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a variable is not found and enableUndefinedVariableException is true
+     */
+    public static String replace(final Object source, final Properties valueProperties) {
+        if (valueProperties == null) {
+            return source.toString();
+        }
+        final Map<String, String> valueMap = new HashMap<>();
+        final Enumeration<?> propNames = valueProperties.propertyNames();
+        while (propNames.hasMoreElements()) {
+            final String propName = (String) propNames.nextElement();
+            final String propValue = valueProperties.getProperty(propName);
+            valueMap.put(propName, propValue);
+        }
+        return StringSubstitutor.replace(source, valueMap);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables in the given source object with their matching values from the system
+     * properties.
+     *
+     * @param source the source text containing the variables to substitute, null returns null
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a variable is not found and enableUndefinedVariableException is true
+     */
+    public static String replaceSystemProperties(final Object source) {
+        return new StringSubstitutor(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.systemPropertyStringLookup()).replace(source);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores the escape character.
+     */
+    private char escapeChar;
+
+    /**
+     * Stores the variable prefix.
+     */
+    private StringMatcher prefixMatcher;
+
+    /**
+     * Stores the variable suffix.
+     */
+    private StringMatcher suffixMatcher;
+
+    /**
+     * Stores the default variable value delimiter.
+     */
+    private StringMatcher valueDelimiterMatcher;
+
+    /**
+     * Variable resolution is delegated to an implementor of {@link StringLookup}.
+     */
+    private StringLookup variableResolver;
+
+    /**
+     * The flag whether substitution in variable names is enabled.
+     */
+    private boolean enableSubstitutionInVariables;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether escapes should be preserved. Default is false;
+     */
+    private boolean preserveEscapes;
+
+    /**
+     * The flag whether substitution in variable values is disabled.
+     */
+    private boolean disableSubstitutionInValues;
+
+    /**
+     * The flag whether exception should be thrown on undefined variable.
+     */
+    private boolean enableUndefinedVariableException;
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance with defaults for variable prefix and suffix and the escaping character.
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor() {
+        this((StringLookup) null, DEFAULT_PREFIX, DEFAULT_SUFFIX, DEFAULT_ESCAPE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance and initializes it. Uses defaults for variable prefix and suffix and the escaping
+     * character.
+     *
+     * @param <V>      the type of the values in the map
+     * @param valueMap the map with the variables' values, may be null
+     */
+    public <V> StringSubstitutor(final Map<String, V> valueMap) {
+        this(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.mapStringLookup(valueMap), DEFAULT_PREFIX, DEFAULT_SUFFIX, DEFAULT_ESCAPE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance and initializes it. Uses a default escaping character.
+     *
+     * @param <V>      the type of the values in the map
+     * @param valueMap the map with the variables' values, may be null
+     * @param prefix   the prefix for variables, not null
+     * @param suffix   the suffix for variables, not null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
+     */
+    public <V> StringSubstitutor(final Map<String, V> valueMap, final String prefix, final String suffix) {
+        this(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.mapStringLookup(valueMap), prefix, suffix, DEFAULT_ESCAPE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
+     *
+     * @param <V>      the type of the values in the map
+     * @param valueMap the map with the variables' values, may be null
+     * @param prefix   the prefix for variables, not null
+     * @param suffix   the suffix for variables, not null
+     * @param escape   the escape character
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
+     */
+    public <V> StringSubstitutor(final Map<String, V> valueMap, final String prefix, final String suffix,
+            final char escape) {
+        this(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.mapStringLookup(valueMap), prefix, suffix, escape);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
+     *
+     * @param <V>            the type of the values in the map
+     * @param valueMap       the map with the variables' values, may be null
+     * @param prefix         the prefix for variables, not null
+     * @param suffix         the suffix for variables, not null
+     * @param escape         the escape character
+     * @param valueDelimiter the variable default value delimiter, may be null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
+     */
+    public <V> StringSubstitutor(final Map<String, V> valueMap, final String prefix, final String suffix,
+            final char escape, final String valueDelimiter) {
+        this(StringLookupFactory.INSTANCE.mapStringLookup(valueMap), prefix, suffix, escape, valueDelimiter);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
+     *
+     * @param variableResolver the variable resolver, may be null
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor(final StringLookup variableResolver) {
+        this(variableResolver, DEFAULT_PREFIX, DEFAULT_SUFFIX, DEFAULT_ESCAPE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
+     *
+     * @param variableResolver the variable resolver, may be null
+     * @param prefix           the prefix for variables, not null
+     * @param suffix           the suffix for variables, not null
+     * @param escape           the escape character
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor(final StringLookup variableResolver, final String prefix, final String suffix,
+            final char escape) {
+        this.setVariableResolver(variableResolver);
+        this.setVariablePrefix(prefix);
+        this.setVariableSuffix(suffix);
+        this.setEscapeChar(escape);
+        this.setValueDelimiterMatcher(DEFAULT_VALUE_DELIMITER);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
+     *
+     * @param variableResolver the variable resolver, may be null
+     * @param prefix           the prefix for variables, not null
+     * @param suffix           the suffix for variables, not null
+     * @param escape           the escape character
+     * @param valueDelimiter   the variable default value delimiter string, may be null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor(final StringLookup variableResolver, final String prefix, final String suffix,
+            final char escape, final String valueDelimiter) {
+        this.setVariableResolver(variableResolver);
+        this.setVariablePrefix(prefix);
+        this.setVariableSuffix(suffix);
+        this.setEscapeChar(escape);
+        this.setValueDelimiter(valueDelimiter);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
+     *
+     * @param variableResolver the variable resolver, may be null
+     * @param prefixMatcher    the prefix for variables, not null
+     * @param suffixMatcher    the suffix for variables, not null
+     * @param escape           the escape character
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor(final StringLookup variableResolver, final StringMatcher prefixMatcher,
+            final StringMatcher suffixMatcher, final char escape) {
+        this(variableResolver, prefixMatcher, suffixMatcher, escape, DEFAULT_VALUE_DELIMITER);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance and initializes it.
+     *
+     * @param variableResolver      the variable resolver, may be null
+     * @param prefixMatcher         the prefix for variables, not null
+     * @param suffixMatcher         the suffix for variables, not null
+     * @param escape                the escape character
+     * @param valueDelimiterMatcher the variable default value delimiter matcher, may be null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is null
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor(final StringLookup variableResolver, final StringMatcher prefixMatcher,
+            final StringMatcher suffixMatcher, final char escape, final StringMatcher valueDelimiterMatcher) {
+        this.setVariableResolver(variableResolver);
+        this.setVariablePrefixMatcher(prefixMatcher);
+        this.setVariableSuffixMatcher(suffixMatcher);
+        this.setEscapeChar(escape);
+        this.setValueDelimiterMatcher(valueDelimiterMatcher);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the specified variable is already in the stack (list) of variables.
+     *
+     * @param varName        the variable name to check
+     * @param priorVariables the list of prior variables
+     */
+    private void checkCyclicSubstitution(final String varName, final List<String> priorVariables) {
+        if (!priorVariables.contains(varName)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(256);
+        buf.append("Infinite loop in property interpolation of ");
+        buf.append(priorVariables.remove(0));
+        buf.append(": ");
+        buf.appendWithSeparators(priorVariables, "->");
+        throw new IllegalStateException(buf.toString());
+    }
+
+    // Escape
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Returns the escape character.
+     *
+     * @return The character used for escaping variable references
+     */
+    public char getEscapeChar() {
+        return this.escapeChar;
+    }
+
+    // Resolver
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Gets the StringLookup that is used to lookup variables.
+     *
+     * @return The StringLookup
+     */
+    public StringLookup getStringLookup() {
+        return this.variableResolver;
+    }
+
+    // Variable Default Value Delimiter
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Gets the variable default value delimiter matcher currently in use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable default value delimiter is the character or characters that delimite the variable name and the
+     * variable default value. This delimiter is expressed in terms of a matcher allowing advanced variable default
+     * value delimiter matches.
+     * <p>
+     * If it returns null, then the variable default value resolution is disabled.
+     *
+     * @return The variable default value delimiter matcher in use, may be null
+     */
+    public StringMatcher getValueDelimiterMatcher() {
+        return valueDelimiterMatcher;
+    }
+
+    // Prefix
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Gets the variable prefix matcher currently in use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable prefix is the character or characters that identify the start of a variable. This prefix is
+     * expressed in terms of a matcher allowing advanced prefix matches.
+     *
+     * @return The prefix matcher in use
+     */
+    public StringMatcher getVariablePrefixMatcher() {
+        return prefixMatcher;
+    }
+
+    // Suffix
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Gets the variable suffix matcher currently in use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable suffix is the character or characters that identify the end of a variable. This suffix is expressed
+     * in terms of a matcher allowing advanced suffix matches.
+     *
+     * @return The suffix matcher in use
+     */
+    public StringMatcher getVariableSuffixMatcher() {
+        return suffixMatcher;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a flag whether substitution is disabled in variable values.If set to <b>true</b>, the values of variables
+     * can contain other variables will not be processed and substituted original variable is evaluated, e.g.
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * Map valuesMap = HashMap();
+     * valuesMap.put(&quot;name&quot;, &quot;Douglas ${surname}&quot;);
+     * valuesMap.put(&quot;surname&quot;, &quot;Crockford&quot;);
+     * String templateString = &quot;Hi ${name}&quot;;
+     * StrSubstitutor sub = new StrSubstitutor(valuesMap);
+     * String resolvedString = sub.replace(templateString);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * yielding:
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *      Hi Douglas ${surname}
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @return The substitution in variable values flag
+     */
+    public boolean isDisableSubstitutionInValues() {
+        return disableSubstitutionInValues;
+    }
+
+    // Substitution support in variable names
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Returns a flag whether substitution is done in variable names.
+     *
+     * @return The substitution in variable names flag
+     */
+    public boolean isEnableSubstitutionInVariables() {
+        return enableSubstitutionInVariables;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a flag whether exception can be thrown upon undefined variable.
+     *
+     * @return The fail on undefined variable flag
+     */
+    public boolean isEnableUndefinedVariableException() {
+        return enableUndefinedVariableException;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the flag controlling whether escapes are preserved during substitution.
+     *
+     * @return The preserve escape flag
+     */
+    public boolean isPreserveEscapes() {
+        return preserveEscapes;
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
+     * array as a template. The array is not altered by this method.
+     *
+     * @param source the character array to replace in, not altered, null returns null
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public String replace(final char[] source) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(source.length).append(source);
+        substitute(buf, 0, source.length);
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
+     * array as a template. The array is not altered by this method.
+     * <p>
+     * Only the specified portion of the array will be processed. The rest of the array is not processed, and is not
+     * returned.
+     *
+     * @param source the character array to replace in, not altered, null returns null
+     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
+     * @param length the length within the array to be processed, must be valid
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public String replace(final char[] source, final int offset, final int length) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
+        substitute(buf, 0, length);
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source as
+     * a template. The source is not altered by this method.
+     *
+     * @param source the buffer to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public String replace(final CharSequence source) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return replace(source, 0, source.length());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source as
+     * a template. The source is not altered by this method.
+     * <p>
+     * Only the specified portion of the buffer will be processed. The rest of the buffer is not processed, and is not
+     * returned.
+     *
+     * @param source the buffer to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
+     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
+     * @param length the length within the array to be processed, must be valid
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public String replace(final CharSequence source, final int offset, final int length) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source.toString(), offset, length);
+        substitute(buf, 0, length);
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables in the given source object with their matching values from the
+     * resolver. The input source object is converted to a string using <code>toString</code> and is not altered.
+     *
+     * @param source the source to replace in, null returns null
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a variable is not found and enableUndefinedVariableException is true
+     */
+    public String replace(final Object source) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder().append(source);
+        substitute(buf, 0, buf.length());
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
+     * string as a template.
+     *
+     * @param source the string to replace in, null returns null
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public String replace(final String source) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(source);
+        if (!substitute(buf, 0, source.length())) {
+            return source;
+        }
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
+     * string as a template.
+     * <p>
+     * Only the specified portion of the string will be processed. The rest of the string is not processed, and is not
+     * returned.
+     *
+     * @param source the string to replace in, null returns null
+     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
+     * @param length the length within the array to be processed, must be valid
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public String replace(final String source, final int offset, final int length) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
+        if (!substitute(buf, 0, length)) {
+            return source.substring(offset, offset + length);
+        }
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
+     * buffer as a template. The buffer is not altered by this method.
+     *
+     * @param source the buffer to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public String replace(final StringBuffer source) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(source.length()).append(source);
+        substitute(buf, 0, buf.length());
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
+     * buffer as a template. The buffer is not altered by this method.
+     * <p>
+     * Only the specified portion of the buffer will be processed. The rest of the buffer is not processed, and is not
+     * returned.
+     *
+     * @param source the buffer to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
+     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
+     * @param length the length within the array to be processed, must be valid
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public String replace(final StringBuffer source, final int offset, final int length) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
+        substitute(buf, 0, length);
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
+     * builder as a template. The builder is not altered by this method.
+     *
+     * @param source the builder to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public String replace(final TextStringBuilder source) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(source.length()).append(source);
+        substitute(buf, 0, buf.length());
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables with their matching values from the resolver using the given source
+     * builder as a template. The builder is not altered by this method.
+     * <p>
+     * Only the specified portion of the builder will be processed. The rest of the builder is not processed, and is not
+     * returned.
+     *
+     * @param source the builder to use as a template, not changed, null returns null
+     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
+     * @param length the length within the array to be processed, must be valid
+     * @return The result of the replace operation
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public String replace(final TextStringBuilder source, final int offset, final int length) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
+        substitute(buf, 0, length);
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source buffer with their matching values from the
+     * resolver. The buffer is updated with the result.
+     *
+     * @param source the buffer to replace in, updated, null returns zero
+     * @return true if altered
+     */
+    public boolean replaceIn(final StringBuffer source) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return replaceIn(source, 0, source.length());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source buffer with their matching values from the
+     * resolver. The buffer is updated with the result.
+     * <p>
+     * Only the specified portion of the buffer will be processed. The rest of the buffer is not processed, but it is
+     * not deleted.
+     *
+     * @param source the buffer to replace in, updated, null returns zero
+     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
+     * @param length the length within the buffer to be processed, must be valid
+     * @return true if altered
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public boolean replaceIn(final StringBuffer source, final int offset, final int length) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
+        if (!substitute(buf, 0, length)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        source.replace(offset, offset + length, buf.toString());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source buffer with their matching values from the
+     * resolver. The buffer is updated with the result.
+     *
+     * @param source the buffer to replace in, updated, null returns zero
+     * @return true if altered
+     */
+    public boolean replaceIn(final StringBuilder source) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return replaceIn(source, 0, source.length());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source builder with their matching values from the
+     * resolver. The builder is updated with the result.
+     * <p>
+     * Only the specified portion of the buffer will be processed. The rest of the buffer is not processed, but it is
+     * not deleted.
+     *
+     * @param source the buffer to replace in, updated, null returns zero
+     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
+     * @param length the length within the buffer to be processed, must be valid
+     * @return true if altered
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public boolean replaceIn(final StringBuilder source, final int offset, final int length) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final TextStringBuilder buf = new TextStringBuilder(length).append(source, offset, length);
+        if (!substitute(buf, 0, length)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        source.replace(offset, offset + length, buf.toString());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source builder with their matching values from the
+     * resolver.
+     *
+     * @param source the builder to replace in, updated, null returns zero
+     * @return true if altered
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public boolean replaceIn(final TextStringBuilder source) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return substitute(source, 0, source.length());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all the occurrences of variables within the given source builder with their matching values from the
+     * resolver.
+     * <p>
+     * Only the specified portion of the builder will be processed. The rest of the builder is not processed, but it is
+     * not deleted.
+     *
+     * @param source the builder to replace in, null returns zero
+     * @param offset the start offset within the array, must be valid
+     * @param length the length within the builder to be processed, must be valid
+     * @return true if altered
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    public boolean replaceIn(final TextStringBuilder source, final int offset, final int length) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return substitute(source, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Internal method that resolves the value of a variable.
+     * <p>
+     * Most users of this class do not need to call this method. This method is called automatically by the substitution
+     * process.
+     * <p>
+     * Writers of subclasses can override this method if they need to alter how each substitution occurs. The method is
+     * passed the variable's name and must return the corresponding value. This implementation uses the
+     * {@link #getStringLookup()} with the variable's name as the key.
+     *
+     * @param variableName the name of the variable, not null
+     * @param buf          the buffer where the substitution is occurring, not null
+     * @param startPos     the start position of the variable including the prefix, valid
+     * @param endPos       the end position of the variable including the suffix, valid
+     * @return The variable's value or <b>null</b> if the variable is unknown
+     */
+    protected String resolveVariable(final String variableName, final TextStringBuilder buf, final int startPos,
+            final int endPos) {
+        final StringLookup resolver = getStringLookup();
+        if (resolver == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return resolver.lookup(variableName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a flag whether substitution is done in variable values (recursive).
+     *
+     * @param disableSubstitutionInValues true if substitution in variable value are disabled
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setDisableSubstitutionInValues(final boolean disableSubstitutionInValues) {
+        this.disableSubstitutionInValues = disableSubstitutionInValues;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a flag whether substitution is done in variable names. If set to <b>true</b>, the names of variables can
+     * contain other variables which are processed first before the original variable is evaluated, e.g.
+     * <code>${jre-${java.version}}</code>. The default value is <b>false</b>.
+     *
+     * @param enableSubstitutionInVariables the new value of the flag
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setEnableSubstitutionInVariables(final boolean enableSubstitutionInVariables) {
+        this.enableSubstitutionInVariables = enableSubstitutionInVariables;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a flag whether exception should be thrown if any variable is undefined.
+     *
+     * @param failOnUndefinedVariable true if exception should be thrown on undefined variable
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setEnableUndefinedVariableException(final boolean failOnUndefinedVariable) {
+        this.enableUndefinedVariableException = failOnUndefinedVariable;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the escape character. If this character is placed before a variable reference in the source text, this
+     * variable will be ignored.
+     *
+     * @param escapeCharacter the escape character (0 for disabling escaping)
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setEscapeChar(final char escapeCharacter) {
+        this.escapeChar = escapeCharacter;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a flag controlling whether escapes are preserved during substitution. If set to <b>true</b>, the escape
+     * character is retained during substitution (e.g. <code>$${this-is-escaped}</code> remains
+     * <code>$${this-is-escaped}</code>). If set to <b>false</b>, the escape character is removed during substitution
+     * (e.g. <code>$${this-is-escaped}</code> becomes <code>${this-is-escaped}</code>). The default value is
+     * <b>false</b>
+     *
+     * @param preserveEscapes true if escapes are to be preserved
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setPreserveEscapes(final boolean preserveEscapes) {
+        this.preserveEscapes = preserveEscapes;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the variable default value delimiter to use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable default value delimiter is the character or characters that delimite the variable name and the
+     * variable default value. This method allows a single character variable default value delimiter to be easily set.
+     *
+     * @param valueDelimiter the variable default value delimiter character to use
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setValueDelimiter(final char valueDelimiter) {
+        return setValueDelimiterMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.charMatcher(valueDelimiter));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the variable default value delimiter to use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable default value delimiter is the character or characters that delimite the variable name and the
+     * variable default value. This method allows a string variable default value delimiter to be easily set.
+     * <p>
+     * If the <code>valueDelimiter</code> is null or empty string, then the variable default value resolution becomes
+     * disabled.
+     *
+     * @param valueDelimiter the variable default value delimiter string to use, may be null or empty
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setValueDelimiter(final String valueDelimiter) {
+        if (valueDelimiter == null || valueDelimiter.length() == 0) {
+            setValueDelimiterMatcher(null);
+            return this;
+        }
+        return setValueDelimiterMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.stringMatcher(valueDelimiter));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the variable default value delimiter matcher to use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable default value delimiter is the character or characters that delimite the variable name and the
+     * variable default value. This delimiter is expressed in terms of a matcher allowing advanced variable default
+     * value delimiter matches.
+     * <p>
+     * If the <code>valueDelimiterMatcher</code> is null, then the variable default value resolution becomes disabled.
+     *
+     * @param valueDelimiterMatcher variable default value delimiter matcher to use, may be null
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setValueDelimiterMatcher(final StringMatcher valueDelimiterMatcher) {
+        this.valueDelimiterMatcher = valueDelimiterMatcher;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the variable prefix to use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable prefix is the character or characters that identify the start of a variable. This method allows a
+     * single character prefix to be easily set.
+     *
+     * @param prefix the prefix character to use
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setVariablePrefix(final char prefix) {
+        return setVariablePrefixMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.charMatcher(prefix));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the variable prefix to use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable prefix is the character or characters that identify the start of a variable. This method allows a
+     * string prefix to be easily set.
+     *
+     * @param prefix the prefix for variables, not null
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix is null
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setVariablePrefix(final String prefix) {
+        Validate.isTrue(prefix != null, "Variable prefix must not be null!");
+        return setVariablePrefixMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.stringMatcher(prefix));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the variable prefix matcher currently in use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable prefix is the character or characters that identify the start of a variable. This prefix is
+     * expressed in terms of a matcher allowing advanced prefix matches.
+     *
+     * @param prefixMatcher the prefix matcher to use, null ignored
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix matcher is null
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setVariablePrefixMatcher(final StringMatcher prefixMatcher) {
+        Validate.isTrue(prefixMatcher != null, "Variable prefix matcher must not be null!");
+        this.prefixMatcher = prefixMatcher;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the VariableResolver that is used to lookup variables.
+     *
+     * @param variableResolver the VariableResolver
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setVariableResolver(final StringLookup variableResolver) {
+        this.variableResolver = variableResolver;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the variable suffix to use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable suffix is the character or characters that identify the end of a variable. This method allows a
+     * single character suffix to be easily set.
+     *
+     * @param suffix the suffix character to use
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setVariableSuffix(final char suffix) {
+        return setVariableSuffixMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.charMatcher(suffix));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the variable suffix to use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable suffix is the character or characters that identify the end of a variable. This method allows a
+     * string suffix to be easily set.
+     *
+     * @param suffix the suffix for variables, not null
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the suffix is null
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setVariableSuffix(final String suffix) {
+        Validate.isTrue(suffix != null, "Variable suffix must not be null!");
+        return setVariableSuffixMatcher(StringMatcherFactory.INSTANCE.stringMatcher(suffix));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the variable suffix matcher currently in use.
+     * <p>
+     * The variable suffix is the character or characters that identify the end of a variable. This suffix is expressed
+     * in terms of a matcher allowing advanced suffix matches.
+     *
+     * @param suffixMatcher the suffix matcher to use, null ignored
+     * @return this, to enable chaining
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the suffix matcher is null
+     */
+    public StringSubstitutor setVariableSuffixMatcher(final StringMatcher suffixMatcher) {
+        Validate.isTrue(suffixMatcher != null, "Variable suffix matcher must not be null!");
+        this.suffixMatcher = suffixMatcher;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Internal method that substitutes the variables.
+     * <p>
+     * Most users of this class do not need to call this method. This method will be called automatically by another
+     * (public) method.
+     * <p>
+     * Writers of subclasses can override this method if they need access to the substitution process at the start or
+     * end.
+     *
+     * @param buf    the string builder to substitute into, not null
+     * @param offset the start offset within the builder, must be valid
+     * @param length the length within the builder to be processed, must be valid
+     * @return true if altered
+     */
+    protected boolean substitute(final TextStringBuilder buf, final int offset, final int length) {
+        return substitute(buf, offset, length, null) > 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recursive handler for multiple levels of interpolation. This is the main interpolation method, which resolves the
+     * values of all variable references contained in the passed in text.
+     *
+     * @param buf            the string builder to substitute into, not null
+     * @param offset         the start offset within the builder, must be valid
+     * @param length         the length within the builder to be processed, must be valid
+     * @param priorVariables the stack keeping track of the replaced variables, may be null
+     * @return The length change that occurs, unless priorVariables is null when the int represents a boolean flag as to
+     *         whether any change occurred.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if variable is not found when its allowed to throw exception
+     */
+    private int substitute(final TextStringBuilder buf, final int offset, final int length,
+            List<String> priorVariables) {
+        final StringMatcher pfxMatcher = getVariablePrefixMatcher();
+        final StringMatcher suffMatcher = getVariableSuffixMatcher();
+        final char escape = getEscapeChar();
+        final StringMatcher valueDelimMatcher = getValueDelimiterMatcher();
+        final boolean substitutionInVariablesEnabled = isEnableSubstitutionInVariables();
+        final boolean substitutionInValuesDisabled = isDisableSubstitutionInValues();
+        final boolean undefinedVariableException = isEnableUndefinedVariableException();
+
+        final boolean top = priorVariables == null;
+        boolean altered = false;
+        int lengthChange = 0;
+        char[] chars = buf.buffer;
+        int bufEnd = offset + length;
+        int pos = offset;
+        while (pos < bufEnd) {
+            final int startMatchLen = pfxMatcher.isMatch(chars, pos, offset, bufEnd);
+            if (startMatchLen == 0) {
+                pos++;
+            } else {
+                // found variable start marker
+                if (pos > offset && chars[pos - 1] == escape) {
+                    // escaped
+                    if (preserveEscapes) {
+                        pos++;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    buf.deleteCharAt(pos - 1);
+                    chars = buf.buffer; // in case buffer was altered
+                    lengthChange--;
+                    altered = true;
+                    bufEnd--;
+                } else {
+                    // find suffix
+                    final int startPos = pos;
+                    pos += startMatchLen;
+                    int endMatchLen = 0;
+                    int nestedVarCount = 0;
+                    while (pos < bufEnd) {
+                        if (substitutionInVariablesEnabled && pfxMatcher.isMatch(chars, pos, offset, bufEnd) != 0) {
+                            // found a nested variable start
+                            endMatchLen = pfxMatcher.isMatch(chars, pos, offset, bufEnd);
+                            nestedVarCount++;
+                            pos += endMatchLen;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        endMatchLen = suffMatcher.isMatch(chars, pos, offset, bufEnd);
+                        if (endMatchLen == 0) {
+                            pos++;
+                        } else {
+                            // found variable end marker
+                            if (nestedVarCount == 0) {
+                                String varNameExpr = new String(chars, startPos + startMatchLen,
+                                        pos - startPos - startMatchLen);
+                                if (substitutionInVariablesEnabled) {
+                                    final TextStringBuilder bufName = new TextStringBuilder(varNameExpr);
+                                    substitute(bufName, 0, bufName.length());
+                                    varNameExpr = bufName.toString();
+                                }
+                                pos += endMatchLen;
+                                final int endPos = pos;
+
+                                String varName = varNameExpr;
+                                String varDefaultValue = null;
+
+                                if (valueDelimMatcher != null) {
+                                    final char[] varNameExprChars = varNameExpr.toCharArray();
+                                    int valueDelimiterMatchLen = 0;
+                                    for (int i = 0; i < varNameExprChars.length; i++) {
+                                        // if there's any nested variable when nested variable substitution disabled,
+                                        // then stop resolving name and default value.
+                                        if (!substitutionInVariablesEnabled && pfxMatcher.isMatch(varNameExprChars, i,
+                                                i, varNameExprChars.length) != 0) {
+                                            break;
+                                        }
+                                        if (valueDelimMatcher.isMatch(varNameExprChars, i, 0,
+                                                varNameExprChars.length) != 0) {
+                                            valueDelimiterMatchLen = valueDelimMatcher.isMatch(varNameExprChars, i, 0,
+                                                    varNameExprChars.length);
+                                            varName = varNameExpr.substring(0, i);
+                                            varDefaultValue = varNameExpr.substring(i + valueDelimiterMatchLen);
+                                            break;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                // on the first call initialize priorVariables
+                                if (priorVariables == null) {
+                                    priorVariables = new ArrayList<>();
+                                    priorVariables.add(new String(chars, offset, length));
+                                }
+
+                                // handle cyclic substitution
+                                checkCyclicSubstitution(varName, priorVariables);
+                                priorVariables.add(varName);
+
+                                // resolve the variable
+                                String varValue = resolveVariable(varName, buf, startPos, endPos);
+                                if (varValue == null) {
+                                    varValue = varDefaultValue;
+                                }
+                                if (varValue != null) {
+                                    final int varLen = varValue.length();
+                                    buf.replace(startPos, endPos, varValue);
+                                    altered = true;
+                                    int change = 0;
+                                    if (!substitutionInValuesDisabled) { // recursive replace
+                                        change = substitute(buf, startPos, varLen, priorVariables);
+                                    }
+                                    change = change + varLen - (endPos - startPos);
+                                    pos += change;
+                                    bufEnd += change;
+                                    lengthChange += change;
+                                    chars = buf.buffer; // in case buffer was altered
+                                } else if (undefinedVariableException) {
+                                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+                                            "Cannot resolve variable '%s' (enableSubstitutionInVariables=%s).", varName,
+                                            enableSubstitutionInVariables));
+                                }
+
+                                // remove variable from the cyclic stack
+                                priorVariables.remove(priorVariables.size() - 1);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            nestedVarCount--;
+                            pos += endMatchLen;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (top) {
+            return altered ? 1 : 0;
+        }
+        return lengthChange;
+    }
+}