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Posted to cvs@httpd.apache.org by sl...@apache.org on 2002/08/16 05:32:30 UTC
cvs commit: httpd-2.0/docs/manual urlmapping.html.en
slive 2002/08/15 20:32:30
Modified: docs/manual urlmapping.html.en
Log:
Transformation.
Revision Changes Path
1.8 +100 -210 httpd-2.0/docs/manual/urlmapping.html.en
Index: urlmapping.html.en
===================================================================
RCS file: /home/cvs/httpd-2.0/docs/manual/urlmapping.html.en,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -d -b -u -r1.7 -r1.8
--- urlmapping.html.en 27 Jul 2002 15:51:04 -0000 1.7
+++ urlmapping.html.en 16 Aug 2002 03:32:30 -0000 1.8
@@ -1,170 +1,82 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
-
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <title>Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations - Apache HTTP
- Server</title>
- </head>
- <!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
-
- <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
- vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
- <!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
-
- <h1 align="center">Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations</h1>
-
+<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><!--
+ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
+ This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
+ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
+ --><title>Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations - Apache HTTP Server</title><link href="./style/manual.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"></head><body><blockquote><div align="center"><img src="./images/sub.gif" alt="[APACHE DOCUMENTATION]"><h3>Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</h3></div><h1 align="center">Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations</h1>
<p>This document explains how Apache uses the URL of a request
to determine the filesystem location from which to serve a
file.</p>
+ <ul><li><a href="#related">Related Modules and Directives</a></li><li><a href="#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></li><li><a href="#outside">Files Outside the DocumentRoot</a></li><li><a href="#user">User Directories</a></li><li><a href="#redirect">URL Redirection</a></li><li><a href="#proxy">Reverse Proxy</a></li><li><a href="#rewrite">Rewriting Engine</a></li><li><a href="#notfound">File Not Found</a></li></ul><hr><h2><a name="related">Related Modules and Directives</a></h2>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#outside">Files Outside the
- DocumentRoot</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#user">User Directories</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#redirect">URL Redirection</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#proxy">Reverse Proxy</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#rewrite">Rewrite Engine</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="#notfound">File Not Found</a></li>
- </ul>
- <hr />
-
- <table border="1">
- <tr>
- <td valign="top"><strong>Related Modules</strong><br />
- <br />
- <a href="mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a><br />
- <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a><br />
- <a href="mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a><br />
- <a href="mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a><br />
- <a href="mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a><br />
- </td>
-
- <td valign="top"><strong>Related Directives</strong><br />
- <br />
- <a href="mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_speling.html#checkspelling">CheckSpelling</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a><br />
- <a href="mod/core.html#options">Options</a><br />
- <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a><br />
- <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a><br />
- <a href="mod/mod_alias.html#redirect">Redirect</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteCond">RewriteCond</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteRule">RewriteRule</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a><br />
- <a
- href="mod/mod_alias.html#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a><br />
- <a href="mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a><br />
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
-
- <h2><a id="documentroot"
- name="documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></h2>
+<table border="1"><tr><td valign="top"><strong>Related Modules</strong><br><br><code><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code><br><code><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code><br><code><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code><br><code><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code><br><code><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code><br><code><a href="./mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code><br></td><td valign="top"><strong>Related Directives</strong><br><br><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#alias" class="directive"><code class="directive">Alias</code></a><br><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch" class="directive"><code class="directive">AliasMatch</code></a><br><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html#checkspelling" class="directive"><code class="directive">CheckSpelling</code></a><br><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot" class="directive"><code class="directive">DocumentRoot</code></a><br><a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument" class="directive"><code class="directive">ErrorDocument</code></a><br><a href="./mod/core.html#options" class="directive"><code class="directive">Options</code></a><br><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass" class="directive"><code class="directive">ProxyPass</code></a><br><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreverse" class="directive"><code class="directive">ProxyPassReverse</code></a><br><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirect" class="directive"><code class="directive">Redirect</code></a><br><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch" class="directive"><code class="directive">RedirectMatch</code></a><br><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond" class="directive"><code class="directive">RewriteCond</code></a><br><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritematch" class="directive"><code class="directive">RewriteMatch</code></a><br><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias" class="directive"><code class="directive">ScriptAlias</code></a><br><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptaliasmatch" class="directive"><code class="directive">ScriptAliasMatch</code></a><br><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir" class="directive"><code class="directive">UserDir</code></a><br></td></tr></table>
+<h2><a name="documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></h2>
<p>In deciding what file to serve for a given request, Apache's
- default behavior is to take the URL-Path for the request (the
- part of the URL following the hostname and port) and add it to
- the end of the <a
- href="mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a> specified in
- your configuration files. Therefore, the files and directories
- underneath the <code>DocumentRoot</code> make up the basic
- document tree which will be visible from the web.</p>
+ default behavior is to take the URL-Path for the request (the part
+ of the URL following the hostname and port) and add it to the end
+ of the <a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot" class="directive"><code class="directive">DocumentRoot</code></a> specified
+ in your configuration files. Therefore, the files and directories
+ underneath the <a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot" class="directive"><code class="directive">DocumentRoot</code></a>
+ make up the basic document tree which will be visible from the
+ web.</p>
<p>Apache is also capable of <a href="vhosts/">Virtual
- Hosting</a>, where the server receives requests for more than
- one host. In this case, a different <code>DocumentRoot</code>
- can be specified for each virtual host, or alternatively, the
- directives provided by the module <a
- href="mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a> can be used
- to dynamically determine the appropriate place from which to
- serve content based on the requested IP address or
+ Hosting</a>, where the server receives requests for more than one
+ host. In this case, a different <a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot" class="directive"><code class="directive">DocumentRoot</code></a> can be specified for each
+ virtual host, or alternatively, the directives provided by the
+ module <code><a href="./mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> can
+ be used to dynamically determine the appropriate place from which
+ to serve content based on the requested IP address or
hostname.</p>
-
- <h2><a id="outside" name="outside">Files Outside the
- DocumentRoot</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="outside">Files Outside the DocumentRoot</a></h2>
<p>There are frequently circumstances where it is necessary to
- allow web access to parts of the filesystem that are not
- strictly underneath the <a
- href="mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a>. Apache
- offers several different ways to accomplish this. On Unix
- systems, symbolic links can bring other parts of the filesystem
- under the <code>DocumentRoot</code>. For security reasons,
- Apache will follow symbolic links only if the <a
- href="mod/core.html#options">Options</a> setting for the
- relevant directory includes <code>FollowSymLinks</code> or
+ allow web access to parts of the filesystem that are not strictly
+ underneath the <a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot" class="directive"><code class="directive">DocumentRoot</code></a>. Apache offers several
+ different ways to accomplish this. On Unix systems, symbolic links
+ can bring other parts of the filesystem under the <a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot" class="directive"><code class="directive">DocumentRoot</code></a>. For security reasons,
+ Apache will follow symbolic links only if the <a href="./mod/core.html#options" class="directive"><code class="directive">Options</code></a> setting for the relevant
+ directory includes <code>FollowSymLinks</code> or
<code>SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</code>.</p>
- <p>Alternatively, the <a
- href="mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a> directive will map
- any part of the filesystem into the web space. For example,
- with</p>
+ <p>Alternatively, the <a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#alias" class="directive"><code class="directive">Alias</code></a> directive will map any part
+ of the filesystem into the web space. For example, with</p>
- <blockquote>
- <code>Alias /docs /var/web</code>
- </blockquote>
+<blockquote><table cellpadding="10"><tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeee"><code>Alias /docs /var/web</code></td></tr></table></blockquote>
- <p>the URL
- <code>http://www.example.com/docs/dir/file.html</code> will be
- served from <code>/var/web/dir/file.html</code>. The <a
- href="mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a> directive
+ <p>the URL <code>http://www.example.com/docs/dir/file.html</code>
+ will be served from <code>/var/web/dir/file.html</code>. The
+ <a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias" class="directive"><code class="directive">ScriptAlias</code></a> directive
works the same way, with the additional effect that all content
located at the target path is treated as CGI scripts.</p>
<p>For situations where you require additional flexibility, you
- can use the <a
- href="mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a> and <a
- href="mod/mod_alias.html#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a>
+ can use the <a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch" class="directive"><code class="directive">AliasMatch</code></a> and
+ <a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptaliasmatch" class="directive"><code class="directive">ScriptAliasMatch</code></a>
directives to do powerful regular-expression based matching and
substitution. For example,</p>
- <blockquote>
- <code>ScriptAliasMatch ^/~([a-zA-Z0-9]*)/cgi-bin/(.*)
- /home/$1/cgi-bin/$2</code>
- </blockquote>
+<blockquote><table cellpadding="10"><tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeee"><code>ScriptAliasMatch ^/~([a-zA-Z0-9]*)/cgi-bin/(.*)
+ /home/$1/cgi-bin/$2</code></td></tr></table></blockquote>
<p>will map a request to
<code>http://example.com/~user/cgi-bin/script.cgi</code> to the
path <code>/home/user/cgi-bin/script.cgi</code> and will treat
the resulting file as a CGI script.</p>
-
- <h2><a id="user" name="user">User Directories</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="user">User Directories</a></h2>
<p>Traditionally on Unix systems, the home directory of a
particular <em>user</em> can be referred to as
- <code>~user/</code>. The module <a
- href="mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a> extends this idea
- to the web by allowing files under each user's home directory
- to be accessed using URLs such as the following.</p>
+ <code>~user/</code>. The module <code><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code>
+ extends this idea to the web by allowing files under each user's
+ home directory to be accessed using URLs such as the
+ following.</p>
- <blockquote>
- <code>http://www.example.com/~user/file.html</code>
- </blockquote>
+<blockquote><table cellpadding="10"><tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeee"><code>http://www.example.com/~user/file.html</code></td></tr></table></blockquote>
<p>For security reasons, it is inappropriate to give direct
access to a user's home directory from the web. Therefore, the
- <a href="mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a> directive
+ <a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir" class="directive"><code class="directive">UserDir</code></a> directive
specifies a directory underneath the user's home directory
where web files are located. Using the default setting of
<code>Userdir public_html</code>, the above URL maps to a file
@@ -178,42 +90,35 @@
where <code>/etc/passwd</code> does not contain the location of
the home directory.</p>
- <p>Some people find the "~" symbol (which is often encoded on
- the web as <code>%7e</code>) to be awkward and prefer to use an
- alternate string to represent user directories. This
- functionality is not supported by mod_userdir. However, if
- users' home directories are structured in a regular way, then
- it is possible to use the <a
- href="mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a> directive
- to achieve the desired effect. For example, to make
- <code>http://www.example.com/upages/user/file.html</code> map
- to <code>/home/user/public_html/file.html</code>, use the
- following <code>AliasMatch</code> directive:</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>AliasMatch ^/upages/([a-zA-Z0-9]*)/?(.*)
- /home/$1/public_html/$2</code>
- </blockquote>
+ <p>Some people find the "~" symbol (which is often encoded on the
+ web as <code>%7e</code>) to be awkward and prefer to use an
+ alternate string to represent user directories. This functionality
+ is not supported by mod_userdir. However, if users' home
+ directories are structured in a regular way, then it is possible
+ to use the <a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch" class="directive"><code class="directive">AliasMatch</code></a>
+ directive to achieve the desired effect. For example, to make
+ <code>http://www.example.com/upages/user/file.html</code> map to
+ <code>/home/user/public_html/file.html</code>, use the following
+ <code>AliasMatch</code> directive:</p>
- <h2><a id="redirect" name="redirect">URL Redirection</a></h2>
+<blockquote><table cellpadding="10"><tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeee"><code>AliasMatch ^/upages/([a-zA-Z0-9]*)/?(.*)
+ /home/$1/public_html/$2</code></td></tr></table></blockquote>
+<h2><a name="redirect">URL Redirection</a></h2>
<p>The configuration directives discussed in the above sections
- tell Apache to get content from a specific place in the
- filesystem and return it to the client. Sometimes, it is
- desirable instead to inform the client that the requested
- content is located at a different URL, and instruct the client
- to make a new request with the new URL. This is called
- <em>redirection</em> and is implemented by the <a
- href="mod/mod_alias.html#redirect">Redirect</a> directive. For
- example, if the contents of the directory <code>/foo/</code>
- under the <code>DocumentRoot</code> are moved to the new
- directory <code>/bar/</code>, you can instruct clients to
- request the content at the new location as follows:</p>
+ tell Apache to get content from a specific place in the filesystem
+ and return it to the client. Sometimes, it is desirable instead to
+ inform the client that the requested content is located at a
+ different URL, and instruct the client to make a new request with
+ the new URL. This is called <em>redirection</em> and is
+ implemented by the <a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirect" class="directive"><code class="directive">Redirect</code></a> directive. For example, if
+ the contents of the directory <code>/foo/</code> under the
+ <a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#documentroot" class="directive"><code class="directive">DocumentRoot</code></a> are moved
+ to the new directory <code>/bar/</code>, you can instruct clients
+ to request the content at the new location as follows:</p>
- <blockquote>
- <code>Redirect permanent /foo/
- http://www.example.com/bar/</code>
- </blockquote>
+<blockquote><table cellpadding="10"><tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeee"><code>Redirect permanent /foo/
+ http://www.example.com/bar/</code></td></tr></table></blockquote>
<p>This will redirect any URL-Path starting in
<code>/foo/</code> to the same URL path on the
@@ -221,28 +126,20 @@
substituted for <code>/foo/</code>. You can redirect clients to
any server, not only the origin server.</p>
- <p>Apache also provides a <a
- href="mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a>
- directive for more complicated rewriting problems. For example,
- to redirect requests for the site home page to a different
- site, but leave all other requests alone, use the following
- configuration:</p>
+ <p>Apache also provides a <a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch" class="directive"><code class="directive">RedirectMatch</code></a> directive for more
+ complicated rewriting problems. For example, to redirect requests
+ for the site home page to a different site, but leave all other
+ requests alone, use the following configuration:</p>
- <blockquote>
- <code>RedirectMatch permanent ^/$
- http://www.example.com/startpage.html</code>
- </blockquote>
+<blockquote><table cellpadding="10"><tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeee"><code>RedirectMatch permanent ^/$
+ http://www.example.com/startpage.html</code></td></tr></table></blockquote>
<p>Alternatively, to temporarily redirect all pages on a site
to one particular page, use the following:</p>
- <blockquote>
- <code>RedirectMatch temp .*
- http://www.example.com/startpage.html</code>
- </blockquote>
-
-
-<h2><a id="proxy" name="proxy">Reverse Proxy</a></h2>
+<blockquote><table cellpadding="10"><tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeee"><code>RedirectMatch temp .*
+ http://www.example.com/startpage.html</code></td></tr></table></blockquote>
+<h2><a name="proxy">Reverse Proxy</a></h2>
<p>Apache also allows you to bring remote documents into the URL space
of the local server. This technique is called <em>reverse
@@ -257,14 +154,14 @@
and returns them to the client as if they were from the local
server.</p>
-<blockquote>
-ProxyPass /foo/ http://internal.example.com/bar/<br />
+<blockquote><table cellpadding="10"><tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeee"><code>
+ProxyPass /foo/ http://internal.example.com/bar/<br>
ProxyPassReverse /foo/ http://internal.example.com/bar/
-</blockquote>
+</code></td></tr></table></blockquote>
-<p>The <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a> configures
-the server to fetch the appropriate documents, while the <a
-href="mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a>
+<p>The <a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass" class="directive"><code class="directive">ProxyPass</code></a> configures
+the server to fetch the appropriate documents, while the
+<a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreverse" class="directive"><code class="directive">ProxyPassReverse</code></a>
directive rewrites redirects originating at
<code>internal.examle.com</code> so that they target the appropriate
directory on the local server. It is important to note, however, that
@@ -272,12 +169,10 @@
links on <code>internal.example.com</code> will result in the client
breaking out of the proxy server and requesting directly from
<code>internal.example.com</code>.</p>
-
-
- <h2><a id="rewrite" name="rewrite">Rewriting Engine</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="rewrite">Rewriting Engine</a></h2>
<p>When even more powerful substitution is required, the rewriting
- engine provided by <a href="mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a>
+ engine provided by <code><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
can be useful. The directives provided by this module use
characteristics of the request such as browser type or source IP
address in deciding from where to serve content. In addition,
@@ -287,8 +182,7 @@
internal redirects (aliases), external redirects, and proxying.
Many practical examples employing mod_rewrite are discussed in the
<a href="misc/rewriteguide.html">URL Rewriting Guide</a>.</p>
-
- <h2><a id="notfound" name="notfound">File Not Found</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="notfound">File Not Found</a></h2>
<p>Inevitably, URLs will be requested for which no matching
file can be found in the filesystem. This can happen for
@@ -301,8 +195,8 @@
<p>Another common cause of "File Not Found" errors is
accidental mistyping of URLs, either directly in the browser,
- or in HTML links. Apache provides the module <a
- href="mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a> (sic) to help with
+ or in HTML links. Apache provides the module
+ <code><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code> (sic) to help with
this problem. When this module is activated, it will intercept
"File Not Found" errors and look for a resource with a similar
filename. If one such file is found, mod_speling will send an
@@ -321,13 +215,9 @@
<p>If all attempts to locate the content fail, Apache returns
an error page with HTTP status code 404 (file not found). The
- appearance of this page is controlled with the <a
- href="mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a> directive
+ appearance of this page is controlled with the
+ <a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument" class="directive"><code class="directive">ErrorDocument</code></a> directive
and can be customized in a flexible manner as discussed in the
- <a href="custom-error.html">Custom error responses</a> and <a
- href="misc/custom_errordocs.html">International Server Error
+ <a href="custom-error.html">Custom error responses</a> and <a href="misc/custom_errordocs.html">International Server Error
Responses</a> documents.</p>
- <!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
- </body>
-</html>
-
+<hr></blockquote><h3 align="center">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</h3><a href="./"><img src="./images/index.gif" alt="Index"></a><a href="./"><img src="./images/home.gif" alt="Home"></a></body></html>
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