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Posted to commits@commons.apache.org by tn...@apache.org on 2015/02/16 23:40:07 UTC

[37/82] [partial] [math] Update for next development iteration: commons-math4

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/ComplexFormat.java
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diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/ComplexFormat.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/ComplexFormat.java
deleted file mode 100644
index affb638..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/ComplexFormat.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,427 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package org.apache.commons.math3.complex;
-
-import java.text.FieldPosition;
-import java.text.NumberFormat;
-import java.text.ParsePosition;
-import java.util.Locale;
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathIllegalArgumentException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathParseException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NoDataException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NullArgumentException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.CompositeFormat;
-
-/**
- * Formats a Complex number in cartesian format "Re(c) + Im(c)i".  'i' can
- * be replaced with 'j' (or anything else), and the number format for both real
- * and imaginary parts can be configured.
- *
- */
-public class ComplexFormat {
-
-     /** The default imaginary character. */
-    private static final String DEFAULT_IMAGINARY_CHARACTER = "i";
-    /** The notation used to signify the imaginary part of the complex number. */
-    private final String imaginaryCharacter;
-    /** The format used for the imaginary part. */
-    private final NumberFormat imaginaryFormat;
-    /** The format used for the real part. */
-    private final NumberFormat realFormat;
-
-    /**
-     * Create an instance with the default imaginary character, 'i', and the
-     * default number format for both real and imaginary parts.
-     */
-    public ComplexFormat() {
-        this.imaginaryCharacter = DEFAULT_IMAGINARY_CHARACTER;
-        this.imaginaryFormat = CompositeFormat.getDefaultNumberFormat();
-        this.realFormat = imaginaryFormat;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create an instance with a custom number format for both real and
-     * imaginary parts.
-     * @param format the custom format for both real and imaginary parts.
-     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code realFormat} is {@code null}.
-     */
-    public ComplexFormat(NumberFormat format) throws NullArgumentException {
-        if (format == null) {
-            throw new NullArgumentException(LocalizedFormats.IMAGINARY_FORMAT);
-        }
-        this.imaginaryCharacter = DEFAULT_IMAGINARY_CHARACTER;
-        this.imaginaryFormat = format;
-        this.realFormat = format;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create an instance with a custom number format for the real part and a
-     * custom number format for the imaginary part.
-     * @param realFormat the custom format for the real part.
-     * @param imaginaryFormat the custom format for the imaginary part.
-     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code imaginaryFormat} is {@code null}.
-     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code realFormat} is {@code null}.
-      */
-    public ComplexFormat(NumberFormat realFormat, NumberFormat imaginaryFormat)
-        throws NullArgumentException {
-        if (imaginaryFormat == null) {
-            throw new NullArgumentException(LocalizedFormats.IMAGINARY_FORMAT);
-        }
-        if (realFormat == null) {
-            throw new NullArgumentException(LocalizedFormats.REAL_FORMAT);
-        }
-
-        this.imaginaryCharacter = DEFAULT_IMAGINARY_CHARACTER;
-        this.imaginaryFormat = imaginaryFormat;
-        this.realFormat = realFormat;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create an instance with a custom imaginary character, and the default
-     * number format for both real and imaginary parts.
-     * @param imaginaryCharacter The custom imaginary character.
-     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code imaginaryCharacter} is
-     * {@code null}.
-     * @throws NoDataException if {@code imaginaryCharacter} is an
-     * empty string.
-     */
-    public ComplexFormat(String imaginaryCharacter)
-        throws NullArgumentException, NoDataException {
-        this(imaginaryCharacter, CompositeFormat.getDefaultNumberFormat());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create an instance with a custom imaginary character, and a custom number
-     * format for both real and imaginary parts.
-     * @param imaginaryCharacter The custom imaginary character.
-     * @param format the custom format for both real and imaginary parts.
-     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code imaginaryCharacter} is
-     * {@code null}.
-     * @throws NoDataException if {@code imaginaryCharacter} is an
-     * empty string.
-     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code format} is {@code null}.
-     */
-    public ComplexFormat(String imaginaryCharacter, NumberFormat format)
-        throws NullArgumentException, NoDataException {
-        this(imaginaryCharacter, format, format);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create an instance with a custom imaginary character, a custom number
-     * format for the real part, and a custom number format for the imaginary
-     * part.
-     *
-     * @param imaginaryCharacter The custom imaginary character.
-     * @param realFormat the custom format for the real part.
-     * @param imaginaryFormat the custom format for the imaginary part.
-     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code imaginaryCharacter} is
-     * {@code null}.
-     * @throws NoDataException if {@code imaginaryCharacter} is an
-     * empty string.
-     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code imaginaryFormat} is {@code null}.
-     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code realFormat} is {@code null}.
-     */
-    public ComplexFormat(String imaginaryCharacter,
-                         NumberFormat realFormat,
-                         NumberFormat imaginaryFormat)
-        throws NullArgumentException, NoDataException {
-        if (imaginaryCharacter == null) {
-            throw new NullArgumentException();
-        }
-        if (imaginaryCharacter.length() == 0) {
-            throw new NoDataException();
-        }
-        if (imaginaryFormat == null) {
-            throw new NullArgumentException(LocalizedFormats.IMAGINARY_FORMAT);
-        }
-        if (realFormat == null) {
-            throw new NullArgumentException(LocalizedFormats.REAL_FORMAT);
-        }
-
-        this.imaginaryCharacter = imaginaryCharacter;
-        this.imaginaryFormat = imaginaryFormat;
-        this.realFormat = realFormat;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the set of locales for which complex formats are available.
-     * <p>This is the same set as the {@link NumberFormat} set.</p>
-     * @return available complex format locales.
-     */
-    public static Locale[] getAvailableLocales() {
-        return NumberFormat.getAvailableLocales();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * This method calls {@link #format(Object,StringBuffer,FieldPosition)}.
-     *
-     * @param c Complex object to format.
-     * @return A formatted number in the form "Re(c) + Im(c)i".
-     */
-    public String format(Complex c) {
-        return format(c, new StringBuffer(), new FieldPosition(0)).toString();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * This method calls {@link #format(Object,StringBuffer,FieldPosition)}.
-     *
-     * @param c Double object to format.
-     * @return A formatted number.
-     */
-    public String format(Double c) {
-        return format(new Complex(c, 0), new StringBuffer(), new FieldPosition(0)).toString();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Formats a {@link Complex} object to produce a string.
-     *
-     * @param complex the object to format.
-     * @param toAppendTo where the text is to be appended
-     * @param pos On input: an alignment field, if desired. On output: the
-     *            offsets of the alignment field
-     * @return the value passed in as toAppendTo.
-     */
-    public StringBuffer format(Complex complex, StringBuffer toAppendTo,
-                               FieldPosition pos) {
-        pos.setBeginIndex(0);
-        pos.setEndIndex(0);
-
-        // format real
-        double re = complex.getReal();
-        CompositeFormat.formatDouble(re, getRealFormat(), toAppendTo, pos);
-
-        // format sign and imaginary
-        double im = complex.getImaginary();
-        StringBuffer imAppendTo;
-        if (im < 0.0) {
-            toAppendTo.append(" - ");
-            imAppendTo = formatImaginary(-im, new StringBuffer(), pos);
-            toAppendTo.append(imAppendTo);
-            toAppendTo.append(getImaginaryCharacter());
-        } else if (im > 0.0 || Double.isNaN(im)) {
-            toAppendTo.append(" + ");
-            imAppendTo = formatImaginary(im, new StringBuffer(), pos);
-            toAppendTo.append(imAppendTo);
-            toAppendTo.append(getImaginaryCharacter());
-        }
-
-        return toAppendTo;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Format the absolute value of the imaginary part.
-     *
-     * @param absIm Absolute value of the imaginary part of a complex number.
-     * @param toAppendTo where the text is to be appended.
-     * @param pos On input: an alignment field, if desired. On output: the
-     * offsets of the alignment field.
-     * @return the value passed in as toAppendTo.
-     */
-    private StringBuffer formatImaginary(double absIm,
-                                         StringBuffer toAppendTo,
-                                         FieldPosition pos) {
-        pos.setBeginIndex(0);
-        pos.setEndIndex(0);
-
-        CompositeFormat.formatDouble(absIm, getImaginaryFormat(), toAppendTo, pos);
-        if (toAppendTo.toString().equals("1")) {
-            // Remove the character "1" if it is the only one.
-            toAppendTo.setLength(0);
-        }
-
-        return toAppendTo;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Formats a object to produce a string.  {@code obj} must be either a
-     * {@link Complex} object or a {@link Number} object.  Any other type of
-     * object will result in an {@link IllegalArgumentException} being thrown.
-     *
-     * @param obj the object to format.
-     * @param toAppendTo where the text is to be appended
-     * @param pos On input: an alignment field, if desired. On output: the
-     *            offsets of the alignment field
-     * @return the value passed in as toAppendTo.
-     * @see java.text.Format#format(java.lang.Object, java.lang.StringBuffer, java.text.FieldPosition)
-     * @throws MathIllegalArgumentException is {@code obj} is not a valid type.
-     */
-    public StringBuffer format(Object obj, StringBuffer toAppendTo,
-                               FieldPosition pos)
-        throws MathIllegalArgumentException {
-
-        StringBuffer ret = null;
-
-        if (obj instanceof Complex) {
-            ret = format( (Complex)obj, toAppendTo, pos);
-        } else if (obj instanceof Number) {
-            ret = format(new Complex(((Number)obj).doubleValue(), 0.0),
-                         toAppendTo, pos);
-        } else {
-            throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(LocalizedFormats.CANNOT_FORMAT_INSTANCE_AS_COMPLEX,
-                                                   obj.getClass().getName());
-        }
-
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Access the imaginaryCharacter.
-     * @return the imaginaryCharacter.
-     */
-    public String getImaginaryCharacter() {
-        return imaginaryCharacter;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Access the imaginaryFormat.
-     * @return the imaginaryFormat.
-     */
-    public NumberFormat getImaginaryFormat() {
-        return imaginaryFormat;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the default complex format for the current locale.
-     * @return the default complex format.
-     */
-    public static ComplexFormat getInstance() {
-        return getInstance(Locale.getDefault());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the default complex format for the given locale.
-     * @param locale the specific locale used by the format.
-     * @return the complex format specific to the given locale.
-     */
-    public static ComplexFormat getInstance(Locale locale) {
-        NumberFormat f = CompositeFormat.getDefaultNumberFormat(locale);
-        return new ComplexFormat(f);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the default complex format for the given locale.
-     * @param locale the specific locale used by the format.
-     * @param imaginaryCharacter Imaginary character.
-     * @return the complex format specific to the given locale.
-     * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code imaginaryCharacter} is
-     * {@code null}.
-     * @throws NoDataException if {@code imaginaryCharacter} is an
-     * empty string.
-     */
-    public static ComplexFormat getInstance(String imaginaryCharacter, Locale locale)
-        throws NullArgumentException, NoDataException {
-        NumberFormat f = CompositeFormat.getDefaultNumberFormat(locale);
-        return new ComplexFormat(imaginaryCharacter, f);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Access the realFormat.
-     * @return the realFormat.
-     */
-    public NumberFormat getRealFormat() {
-        return realFormat;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Parses a string to produce a {@link Complex} object.
-     *
-     * @param source the string to parse.
-     * @return the parsed {@link Complex} object.
-     * @throws MathParseException if the beginning of the specified string
-     * cannot be parsed.
-     */
-    public Complex parse(String source) throws MathParseException {
-        ParsePosition parsePosition = new ParsePosition(0);
-        Complex result = parse(source, parsePosition);
-        if (parsePosition.getIndex() == 0) {
-            throw new MathParseException(source,
-                                         parsePosition.getErrorIndex(),
-                                         Complex.class);
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Parses a string to produce a {@link Complex} object.
-     *
-     * @param source the string to parse
-     * @param pos input/ouput parsing parameter.
-     * @return the parsed {@link Complex} object.
-     */
-    public Complex parse(String source, ParsePosition pos) {
-        int initialIndex = pos.getIndex();
-
-        // parse whitespace
-        CompositeFormat.parseAndIgnoreWhitespace(source, pos);
-
-        // parse real
-        Number re = CompositeFormat.parseNumber(source, getRealFormat(), pos);
-        if (re == null) {
-            // invalid real number
-            // set index back to initial, error index should already be set
-            pos.setIndex(initialIndex);
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // parse sign
-        int startIndex = pos.getIndex();
-        char c = CompositeFormat.parseNextCharacter(source, pos);
-        int sign = 0;
-        switch (c) {
-        case 0 :
-            // no sign
-            // return real only complex number
-            return new Complex(re.doubleValue(), 0.0);
-        case '-' :
-            sign = -1;
-            break;
-        case '+' :
-            sign = 1;
-            break;
-        default :
-            // invalid sign
-            // set index back to initial, error index should be the last
-            // character examined.
-            pos.setIndex(initialIndex);
-            pos.setErrorIndex(startIndex);
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // parse whitespace
-        CompositeFormat.parseAndIgnoreWhitespace(source, pos);
-
-        // parse imaginary
-        Number im = CompositeFormat.parseNumber(source, getRealFormat(), pos);
-        if (im == null) {
-            // invalid imaginary number
-            // set index back to initial, error index should already be set
-            pos.setIndex(initialIndex);
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // parse imaginary character
-        if (!CompositeFormat.parseFixedstring(source, getImaginaryCharacter(), pos)) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        return new Complex(re.doubleValue(), im.doubleValue() * sign);
-
-    }
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/ComplexUtils.java
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diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/ComplexUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/ComplexUtils.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 55db946..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/ComplexUtils.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package org.apache.commons.math3.complex;
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathIllegalArgumentException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
-
-/**
- * Static implementations of common
- * {@link org.apache.commons.math3.complex.Complex} utilities functions.
- *
- */
-public class ComplexUtils {
-
-    /**
-     * Default constructor.
-     */
-    private ComplexUtils() {}
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a complex number from the given polar representation.
-     * <p>
-     * The value returned is <code>r&middot;e<sup>i&middot;theta</sup></code>,
-     * computed as <code>r&middot;cos(theta) + r&middot;sin(theta)i</code></p>
-     * <p>
-     * If either <code>r</code> or <code>theta</code> is NaN, or
-     * <code>theta</code> is infinite, {@link Complex#NaN} is returned.</p>
-     * <p>
-     * If <code>r</code> is infinite and <code>theta</code> is finite,
-     * infinite or NaN values may be returned in parts of the result, following
-     * the rules for double arithmetic.<pre>
-     * Examples:
-     * <code>
-     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, &pi;/4) = INFINITY + INFINITY i
-     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, 0) = INFINITY + NaN i
-     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, -&pi;/4) = INFINITY - INFINITY i
-     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, 5&pi;/4) = -INFINITY - INFINITY i </code></pre></p>
-     *
-     * @param r the modulus of the complex number to create
-     * @param theta  the argument of the complex number to create
-     * @return <code>r&middot;e<sup>i&middot;theta</sup></code>
-     * @throws MathIllegalArgumentException if {@code r} is negative.
-     * @since 1.1
-     */
-    public static Complex polar2Complex(double r, double theta) throws MathIllegalArgumentException {
-        if (r < 0) {
-            throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(
-                  LocalizedFormats.NEGATIVE_COMPLEX_MODULE, r);
-        }
-        return new Complex(r * FastMath.cos(theta), r * FastMath.sin(theta));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Convert an array of primitive doubles to an array of {@code Complex} objects.
-     *
-     * @param real Array of numbers to be converted to their {@code Complex}
-     * equivalent.
-     * @return an array of {@code Complex} objects.
-     *
-     * @since 3.1
-     */
-    public static Complex[] convertToComplex(double[] real) {
-        final Complex c[] = new Complex[real.length];
-        for (int i = 0; i < real.length; i++) {
-            c[i] = new Complex(real[i], 0);
-        }
-
-        return c;
-    }
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/Quaternion.java
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diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/Quaternion.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/Quaternion.java
deleted file mode 100644
index e845596..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/Quaternion.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,464 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package org.apache.commons.math3.complex;
-
-import java.io.Serializable;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.Precision;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.DimensionMismatchException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.ZeroException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
-
-/**
- * This class implements <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Quaternion.html">
- * quaternions</a> (Hamilton's hypercomplex numbers).
- * <br/>
- * Instance of this class are guaranteed to be immutable.
- *
- * @since 3.1
- */
-public final class Quaternion implements Serializable {
-    /** Identity quaternion. */
-    public static final Quaternion IDENTITY = new Quaternion(1, 0, 0, 0);
-    /** Zero quaternion. */
-    public static final Quaternion ZERO = new Quaternion(0, 0, 0, 0);
-    /** i */
-    public static final Quaternion I = new Quaternion(0, 1, 0, 0);
-    /** j */
-    public static final Quaternion J = new Quaternion(0, 0, 1, 0);
-    /** k */
-    public static final Quaternion K = new Quaternion(0, 0, 0, 1);
-
-    /** Serializable version identifier. */
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 20092012L;
-
-    /** First component (scalar part). */
-    private final double q0;
-    /** Second component (first vector part). */
-    private final double q1;
-    /** Third component (second vector part). */
-    private final double q2;
-    /** Fourth component (third vector part). */
-    private final double q3;
-
-    /**
-     * Builds a quaternion from its components.
-     *
-     * @param a Scalar component.
-     * @param b First vector component.
-     * @param c Second vector component.
-     * @param d Third vector component.
-     */
-    public Quaternion(final double a,
-                      final double b,
-                      final double c,
-                      final double d) {
-        this.q0 = a;
-        this.q1 = b;
-        this.q2 = c;
-        this.q3 = d;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Builds a quaternion from scalar and vector parts.
-     *
-     * @param scalar Scalar part of the quaternion.
-     * @param v Components of the vector part of the quaternion.
-     *
-     * @throws DimensionMismatchException if the array length is not 3.
-     */
-    public Quaternion(final double scalar,
-                      final double[] v)
-        throws DimensionMismatchException {
-        if (v.length != 3) {
-            throw new DimensionMismatchException(v.length, 3);
-        }
-        this.q0 = scalar;
-        this.q1 = v[0];
-        this.q2 = v[1];
-        this.q3 = v[2];
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Builds a pure quaternion from a vector (assuming that the scalar
-     * part is zero).
-     *
-     * @param v Components of the vector part of the pure quaternion.
-     */
-    public Quaternion(final double[] v) {
-        this(0, v);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the conjugate quaternion of the instance.
-     *
-     * @return the conjugate quaternion
-     */
-    public Quaternion getConjugate() {
-        return new Quaternion(q0, -q1, -q2, -q3);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the Hamilton product of two quaternions.
-     *
-     * @param q1 First quaternion.
-     * @param q2 Second quaternion.
-     * @return the product {@code q1} and {@code q2}, in that order.
-     */
-    public static Quaternion multiply(final Quaternion q1, final Quaternion q2) {
-        // Components of the first quaternion.
-        final double q1a = q1.getQ0();
-        final double q1b = q1.getQ1();
-        final double q1c = q1.getQ2();
-        final double q1d = q1.getQ3();
-
-        // Components of the second quaternion.
-        final double q2a = q2.getQ0();
-        final double q2b = q2.getQ1();
-        final double q2c = q2.getQ2();
-        final double q2d = q2.getQ3();
-
-        // Components of the product.
-        final double w = q1a * q2a - q1b * q2b - q1c * q2c - q1d * q2d;
-        final double x = q1a * q2b + q1b * q2a + q1c * q2d - q1d * q2c;
-        final double y = q1a * q2c - q1b * q2d + q1c * q2a + q1d * q2b;
-        final double z = q1a * q2d + q1b * q2c - q1c * q2b + q1d * q2a;
-
-        return new Quaternion(w, x, y, z);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the Hamilton product of the instance by a quaternion.
-     *
-     * @param q Quaternion.
-     * @return the product of this instance with {@code q}, in that order.
-     */
-    public Quaternion multiply(final Quaternion q) {
-        return multiply(this, q);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Computes the sum of two quaternions.
-     *
-     * @param q1 Quaternion.
-     * @param q2 Quaternion.
-     * @return the sum of {@code q1} and {@code q2}.
-     */
-    public static Quaternion add(final Quaternion q1,
-                                 final Quaternion q2) {
-        return new Quaternion(q1.getQ0() + q2.getQ0(),
-                              q1.getQ1() + q2.getQ1(),
-                              q1.getQ2() + q2.getQ2(),
-                              q1.getQ3() + q2.getQ3());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Computes the sum of the instance and another quaternion.
-     *
-     * @param q Quaternion.
-     * @return the sum of this instance and {@code q}
-     */
-    public Quaternion add(final Quaternion q) {
-        return add(this, q);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Subtracts two quaternions.
-     *
-     * @param q1 First Quaternion.
-     * @param q2 Second quaternion.
-     * @return the difference between {@code q1} and {@code q2}.
-     */
-    public static Quaternion subtract(final Quaternion q1,
-                                      final Quaternion q2) {
-        return new Quaternion(q1.getQ0() - q2.getQ0(),
-                              q1.getQ1() - q2.getQ1(),
-                              q1.getQ2() - q2.getQ2(),
-                              q1.getQ3() - q2.getQ3());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Subtracts a quaternion from the instance.
-     *
-     * @param q Quaternion.
-     * @return the difference between this instance and {@code q}.
-     */
-    public Quaternion subtract(final Quaternion q) {
-        return subtract(this, q);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Computes the dot-product of two quaternions.
-     *
-     * @param q1 Quaternion.
-     * @param q2 Quaternion.
-     * @return the dot product of {@code q1} and {@code q2}.
-     */
-    public static double dotProduct(final Quaternion q1,
-                                    final Quaternion q2) {
-        return q1.getQ0() * q2.getQ0() +
-            q1.getQ1() * q2.getQ1() +
-            q1.getQ2() * q2.getQ2() +
-            q1.getQ3() * q2.getQ3();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Computes the dot-product of the instance by a quaternion.
-     *
-     * @param q Quaternion.
-     * @return the dot product of this instance and {@code q}.
-     */
-    public double dotProduct(final Quaternion q) {
-        return dotProduct(this, q);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Computes the norm of the quaternion.
-     *
-     * @return the norm.
-     */
-    public double getNorm() {
-        return FastMath.sqrt(q0 * q0 +
-                             q1 * q1 +
-                             q2 * q2 +
-                             q3 * q3);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Computes the normalized quaternion (the versor of the instance).
-     * The norm of the quaternion must not be zero.
-     *
-     * @return a normalized quaternion.
-     * @throws ZeroException if the norm of the quaternion is zero.
-     */
-    public Quaternion normalize() {
-        final double norm = getNorm();
-
-        if (norm < Precision.SAFE_MIN) {
-            throw new ZeroException(LocalizedFormats.NORM, norm);
-        }
-
-        return new Quaternion(q0 / norm,
-                              q1 / norm,
-                              q2 / norm,
-                              q3 / norm);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * {@inheritDoc}
-     */
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object other) {
-        if (this == other) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (other instanceof Quaternion) {
-            final Quaternion q = (Quaternion) other;
-            return q0 == q.getQ0() &&
-                q1 == q.getQ1() &&
-                q2 == q.getQ2() &&
-                q3 == q.getQ3();
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * {@inheritDoc}
-     */
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        // "Effective Java" (second edition, p. 47).
-        int result = 17;
-        for (double comp : new double[] { q0, q1, q2, q3 }) {
-            final int c = MathUtils.hash(comp);
-            result = 31 * result + c;
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks whether this instance is equal to another quaternion
-     * within a given tolerance.
-     *
-     * @param q Quaternion with which to compare the current quaternion.
-     * @param eps Tolerance.
-     * @return {@code true} if the each of the components are equal
-     * within the allowed absolute error.
-     */
-    public boolean equals(final Quaternion q,
-                          final double eps) {
-        return Precision.equals(q0, q.getQ0(), eps) &&
-            Precision.equals(q1, q.getQ1(), eps) &&
-            Precision.equals(q2, q.getQ2(), eps) &&
-            Precision.equals(q3, q.getQ3(), eps);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks whether the instance is a unit quaternion within a given
-     * tolerance.
-     *
-     * @param eps Tolerance (absolute error).
-     * @return {@code true} if the norm is 1 within the given tolerance,
-     * {@code false} otherwise
-     */
-    public boolean isUnitQuaternion(double eps) {
-        return Precision.equals(getNorm(), 1d, eps);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks whether the instance is a pure quaternion within a given
-     * tolerance.
-     *
-     * @param eps Tolerance (absolute error).
-     * @return {@code true} if the scalar part of the quaternion is zero.
-     */
-    public boolean isPureQuaternion(double eps) {
-        return FastMath.abs(getQ0()) <= eps;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the polar form of the quaternion.
-     *
-     * @return the unit quaternion with positive scalar part.
-     */
-    public Quaternion getPositivePolarForm() {
-        if (getQ0() < 0) {
-            final Quaternion unitQ = normalize();
-            // The quaternion of rotation (normalized quaternion) q and -q
-            // are equivalent (i.e. represent the same rotation).
-            return new Quaternion(-unitQ.getQ0(),
-                                  -unitQ.getQ1(),
-                                  -unitQ.getQ2(),
-                                  -unitQ.getQ3());
-        } else {
-            return this.normalize();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the inverse of this instance.
-     * The norm of the quaternion must not be zero.
-     *
-     * @return the inverse.
-     * @throws ZeroException if the norm (squared) of the quaternion is zero.
-     */
-    public Quaternion getInverse() {
-        final double squareNorm = q0 * q0 + q1 * q1 + q2 * q2 + q3 * q3;
-        if (squareNorm < Precision.SAFE_MIN) {
-            throw new ZeroException(LocalizedFormats.NORM, squareNorm);
-        }
-
-        return new Quaternion(q0 / squareNorm,
-                              -q1 / squareNorm,
-                              -q2 / squareNorm,
-                              -q3 / squareNorm);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first component of the quaternion (scalar part).
-     *
-     * @return the scalar part.
-     */
-    public double getQ0() {
-        return q0;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the second component of the quaternion (first component
-     * of the vector part).
-     *
-     * @return the first component of the vector part.
-     */
-    public double getQ1() {
-        return q1;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the third component of the quaternion (second component
-     * of the vector part).
-     *
-     * @return the second component of the vector part.
-     */
-    public double getQ2() {
-        return q2;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the fourth component of the quaternion (third component
-     * of the vector part).
-     *
-     * @return the third component of the vector part.
-     */
-    public double getQ3() {
-        return q3;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the scalar part of the quaternion.
-     *
-     * @return the scalar part.
-     * @see #getQ0()
-     */
-    public double getScalarPart() {
-        return getQ0();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the three components of the vector part of the quaternion.
-     *
-     * @return the vector part.
-     * @see #getQ1()
-     * @see #getQ2()
-     * @see #getQ3()
-     */
-    public double[] getVectorPart() {
-        return new double[] { getQ1(), getQ2(), getQ3() };
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Multiplies the instance by a scalar.
-     *
-     * @param alpha Scalar factor.
-     * @return a scaled quaternion.
-     */
-    public Quaternion multiply(final double alpha) {
-        return new Quaternion(alpha * q0,
-                              alpha * q1,
-                              alpha * q2,
-                              alpha * q3);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * {@inheritDoc}
-     */
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        final String sp = " ";
-        final StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
-        s.append("[")
-            .append(q0).append(sp)
-            .append(q1).append(sp)
-            .append(q2).append(sp)
-            .append(q3)
-            .append("]");
-
-        return s.toString();
-    }
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/RootsOfUnity.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/RootsOfUnity.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/RootsOfUnity.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e63835..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/RootsOfUnity.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,218 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.commons.math3.complex;
-
-import java.io.Serializable;
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathIllegalArgumentException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathIllegalStateException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.OutOfRangeException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.ZeroException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
-
-/**
- * A helper class for the computation and caching of the {@code n}-th roots of
- * unity.
- *
- * @since 3.0
- */
-public class RootsOfUnity implements Serializable {
-
-    /** Serializable version id. */
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 20120201L;
-
-    /** Number of roots of unity. */
-    private int omegaCount;
-
-    /** Real part of the roots. */
-    private double[] omegaReal;
-
-    /**
-     * Imaginary part of the {@code n}-th roots of unity, for positive values
-     * of {@code n}. In this array, the roots are stored in counter-clockwise
-     * order.
-     */
-    private double[] omegaImaginaryCounterClockwise;
-
-    /**
-     * Imaginary part of the {@code n}-th roots of unity, for negative values
-     * of {@code n}. In this array, the roots are stored in clockwise order.
-     */
-    private double[] omegaImaginaryClockwise;
-
-    /**
-     * {@code true} if {@link #computeRoots(int)} was called with a positive
-     * value of its argument {@code n}. In this case, counter-clockwise ordering
-     * of the roots of unity should be used.
-     */
-    private boolean isCounterClockWise;
-
-    /**
-     * Build an engine for computing the {@code n}-th roots of unity.
-     */
-    public RootsOfUnity() {
-
-        omegaCount = 0;
-        omegaReal = null;
-        omegaImaginaryCounterClockwise = null;
-        omegaImaginaryClockwise = null;
-        isCounterClockWise = true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns {@code true} if {@link #computeRoots(int)} was called with a
-     * positive value of its argument {@code n}. If {@code true}, then
-     * counter-clockwise ordering of the roots of unity should be used.
-     *
-     * @return {@code true} if the roots of unity are stored in
-     * counter-clockwise order
-     * @throws MathIllegalStateException if no roots of unity have been computed
-     * yet
-     */
-    public synchronized boolean isCounterClockWise()
-            throws MathIllegalStateException {
-
-        if (omegaCount == 0) {
-            throw new MathIllegalStateException(
-                    LocalizedFormats.ROOTS_OF_UNITY_NOT_COMPUTED_YET);
-        }
-        return isCounterClockWise;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * Computes the {@code n}-th roots of unity. The roots are stored in
-     * {@code omega[]}, such that {@code omega[k] = w ^ k}, where
-     * {@code k = 0, ..., n - 1}, {@code w = exp(2 * pi * i / n)} and
-     * {@code i = sqrt(-1)}.
-     * </p>
-     * <p>
-     * Note that {@code n} can be positive of negative
-     * </p>
-     * <ul>
-     * <li>{@code abs(n)} is always the number of roots of unity.</li>
-     * <li>If {@code n > 0}, then the roots are stored in counter-clockwise order.</li>
-     * <li>If {@code n < 0}, then the roots are stored in clockwise order.</p>
-     * </ul>
-     *
-     * @param n the (signed) number of roots of unity to be computed
-     * @throws ZeroException if {@code n = 0}
-     */
-    public synchronized void computeRoots(int n) throws ZeroException {
-
-        if (n == 0) {
-            throw new ZeroException(
-                    LocalizedFormats.CANNOT_COMPUTE_0TH_ROOT_OF_UNITY);
-        }
-
-        isCounterClockWise = n > 0;
-
-        // avoid repetitive calculations
-        final int absN = FastMath.abs(n);
-
-        if (absN == omegaCount) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // calculate everything from scratch
-        final double t = 2.0 * FastMath.PI / absN;
-        final double cosT = FastMath.cos(t);
-        final double sinT = FastMath.sin(t);
-        omegaReal = new double[absN];
-        omegaImaginaryCounterClockwise = new double[absN];
-        omegaImaginaryClockwise = new double[absN];
-        omegaReal[0] = 1.0;
-        omegaImaginaryCounterClockwise[0] = 0.0;
-        omegaImaginaryClockwise[0] = 0.0;
-        for (int i = 1; i < absN; i++) {
-            omegaReal[i] = omegaReal[i - 1] * cosT -
-                    omegaImaginaryCounterClockwise[i - 1] * sinT;
-            omegaImaginaryCounterClockwise[i] = omegaReal[i - 1] * sinT +
-                    omegaImaginaryCounterClockwise[i - 1] * cosT;
-            omegaImaginaryClockwise[i] = -omegaImaginaryCounterClockwise[i];
-        }
-        omegaCount = absN;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the real part of the {@code k}-th {@code n}-th root of unity.
-     *
-     * @param k index of the {@code n}-th root of unity
-     * @return real part of the {@code k}-th {@code n}-th root of unity
-     * @throws MathIllegalStateException if no roots of unity have been
-     * computed yet
-     * @throws MathIllegalArgumentException if {@code k} is out of range
-     */
-    public synchronized double getReal(int k)
-            throws MathIllegalStateException, MathIllegalArgumentException {
-
-        if (omegaCount == 0) {
-            throw new MathIllegalStateException(
-                    LocalizedFormats.ROOTS_OF_UNITY_NOT_COMPUTED_YET);
-        }
-        if ((k < 0) || (k >= omegaCount)) {
-            throw new OutOfRangeException(
-                    LocalizedFormats.OUT_OF_RANGE_ROOT_OF_UNITY_INDEX,
-                    Integer.valueOf(k),
-                    Integer.valueOf(0),
-                    Integer.valueOf(omegaCount - 1));
-        }
-
-        return omegaReal[k];
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the imaginary part of the {@code k}-th {@code n}-th root of unity.
-     *
-     * @param k index of the {@code n}-th root of unity
-     * @return imaginary part of the {@code k}-th {@code n}-th root of unity
-     * @throws MathIllegalStateException if no roots of unity have been
-     * computed yet
-     * @throws OutOfRangeException if {@code k} is out of range
-     */
-    public synchronized double getImaginary(int k)
-            throws MathIllegalStateException, OutOfRangeException {
-
-        if (omegaCount == 0) {
-            throw new MathIllegalStateException(
-                    LocalizedFormats.ROOTS_OF_UNITY_NOT_COMPUTED_YET);
-        }
-        if ((k < 0) || (k >= omegaCount)) {
-            throw new OutOfRangeException(
-                    LocalizedFormats.OUT_OF_RANGE_ROOT_OF_UNITY_INDEX,
-                    Integer.valueOf(k),
-                    Integer.valueOf(0),
-                    Integer.valueOf(omegaCount - 1));
-        }
-
-        return isCounterClockWise ? omegaImaginaryCounterClockwise[k] :
-            omegaImaginaryClockwise[k];
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the number of roots of unity currently stored. If
-     * {@link #computeRoots(int)} was called with {@code n}, then this method
-     * returns {@code abs(n)}. If no roots of unity have been computed yet, this
-     * method returns 0.
-     *
-     * @return the number of roots of unity currently stored
-     */
-    public synchronized int getNumberOfRoots() {
-        return omegaCount;
-    }
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/package-info.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/package-info.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/package-info.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 818806d..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/complex/package-info.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-/**
- *
- *     Complex number type and implementations of complex transcendental
- *     functions.
- *
- */
-package org.apache.commons.math3.complex;

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-math/blob/a7b4803f/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/dfp/BracketingNthOrderBrentSolverDFP.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/dfp/BracketingNthOrderBrentSolverDFP.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/dfp/BracketingNthOrderBrentSolverDFP.java
deleted file mode 100644
index c0328b6..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/dfp/BracketingNthOrderBrentSolverDFP.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,436 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.commons.math3.dfp;
-
-
-import org.apache.commons.math3.analysis.solvers.AllowedSolution;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathInternalError;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NoBracketingException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NullArgumentException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NumberIsTooSmallException;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.Incrementor;
-import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
-
-/**
- * This class implements a modification of the <a
- * href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/BrentsMethod.html"> Brent algorithm</a>.
- * <p>
- * The changes with respect to the original Brent algorithm are:
- * <ul>
- *   <li>the returned value is chosen in the current interval according
- *   to user specified {@link AllowedSolution},</li>
- *   <li>the maximal order for the invert polynomial root search is
- *   user-specified instead of being invert quadratic only</li>
- * </ul>
- * </p>
- * The given interval must bracket the root.
- *
- */
-public class BracketingNthOrderBrentSolverDFP {
-
-   /** Maximal aging triggering an attempt to balance the bracketing interval. */
-    private static final int MAXIMAL_AGING = 2;
-
-    /** Maximal order. */
-    private final int maximalOrder;
-
-    /** Function value accuracy. */
-    private final Dfp functionValueAccuracy;
-
-    /** Absolute accuracy. */
-    private final Dfp absoluteAccuracy;
-
-    /** Relative accuracy. */
-    private final Dfp relativeAccuracy;
-
-    /** Evaluations counter. */
-    private final Incrementor evaluations = new Incrementor();
-
-    /**
-     * Construct a solver.
-     *
-     * @param relativeAccuracy Relative accuracy.
-     * @param absoluteAccuracy Absolute accuracy.
-     * @param functionValueAccuracy Function value accuracy.
-     * @param maximalOrder maximal order.
-     * @exception NumberIsTooSmallException if maximal order is lower than 2
-     */
-    public BracketingNthOrderBrentSolverDFP(final Dfp relativeAccuracy,
-                                            final Dfp absoluteAccuracy,
-                                            final Dfp functionValueAccuracy,
-                                            final int maximalOrder)
-        throws NumberIsTooSmallException {
-        if (maximalOrder < 2) {
-            throw new NumberIsTooSmallException(maximalOrder, 2, true);
-        }
-        this.maximalOrder = maximalOrder;
-        this.absoluteAccuracy = absoluteAccuracy;
-        this.relativeAccuracy = relativeAccuracy;
-        this.functionValueAccuracy = functionValueAccuracy;
-    }
-
-    /** Get the maximal order.
-     * @return maximal order
-     */
-    public int getMaximalOrder() {
-        return maximalOrder;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the maximal number of function evaluations.
-     *
-     * @return the maximal number of function evaluations.
-     */
-    public int getMaxEvaluations() {
-        return evaluations.getMaximalCount();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the number of evaluations of the objective function.
-     * The number of evaluations corresponds to the last call to the
-     * {@code optimize} method. It is 0 if the method has not been
-     * called yet.
-     *
-     * @return the number of evaluations of the objective function.
-     */
-    public int getEvaluations() {
-        return evaluations.getCount();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the absolute accuracy.
-     * @return absolute accuracy
-     */
-    public Dfp getAbsoluteAccuracy() {
-        return absoluteAccuracy;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the relative accuracy.
-     * @return relative accuracy
-     */
-    public Dfp getRelativeAccuracy() {
-        return relativeAccuracy;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the function accuracy.
-     * @return function accuracy
-     */
-    public Dfp getFunctionValueAccuracy() {
-        return functionValueAccuracy;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Solve for a zero in the given interval.
-     * A solver may require that the interval brackets a single zero root.
-     * Solvers that do require bracketing should be able to handle the case
-     * where one of the endpoints is itself a root.
-     *
-     * @param maxEval Maximum number of evaluations.
-     * @param f Function to solve.
-     * @param min Lower bound for the interval.
-     * @param max Upper bound for the interval.
-     * @param allowedSolution The kind of solutions that the root-finding algorithm may
-     * accept as solutions.
-     * @return a value where the function is zero.
-     * @exception NullArgumentException if f is null.
-     * @exception NoBracketingException if root cannot be bracketed
-     */
-    public Dfp solve(final int maxEval, final UnivariateDfpFunction f,
-                     final Dfp min, final Dfp max, final AllowedSolution allowedSolution)
-        throws NullArgumentException, NoBracketingException {
-        return solve(maxEval, f, min, max, min.add(max).divide(2), allowedSolution);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Solve for a zero in the given interval, start at {@code startValue}.
-     * A solver may require that the interval brackets a single zero root.
-     * Solvers that do require bracketing should be able to handle the case
-     * where one of the endpoints is itself a root.
-     *
-     * @param maxEval Maximum number of evaluations.
-     * @param f Function to solve.
-     * @param min Lower bound for the interval.
-     * @param max Upper bound for the interval.
-     * @param startValue Start value to use.
-     * @param allowedSolution The kind of solutions that the root-finding algorithm may
-     * accept as solutions.
-     * @return a value where the function is zero.
-     * @exception NullArgumentException if f is null.
-     * @exception NoBracketingException if root cannot be bracketed
-     */
-    public Dfp solve(final int maxEval, final UnivariateDfpFunction f,
-                     final Dfp min, final Dfp max, final Dfp startValue,
-                     final AllowedSolution allowedSolution)
-        throws NullArgumentException, NoBracketingException {
-
-        // Checks.
-        MathUtils.checkNotNull(f);
-
-        // Reset.
-        evaluations.setMaximalCount(maxEval);
-        evaluations.resetCount();
-        Dfp zero = startValue.getZero();
-        Dfp nan  = zero.newInstance((byte) 1, Dfp.QNAN);
-
-        // prepare arrays with the first points
-        final Dfp[] x = new Dfp[maximalOrder + 1];
-        final Dfp[] y = new Dfp[maximalOrder + 1];
-        x[0] = min;
-        x[1] = startValue;
-        x[2] = max;
-
-        // evaluate initial guess
-        evaluations.incrementCount();
-        y[1] = f.value(x[1]);
-        if (y[1].isZero()) {
-            // return the initial guess if it is a perfect root.
-            return x[1];
-        }
-
-        // evaluate first  endpoint
-        evaluations.incrementCount();
-        y[0] = f.value(x[0]);
-        if (y[0].isZero()) {
-            // return the first endpoint if it is a perfect root.
-            return x[0];
-        }
-
-        int nbPoints;
-        int signChangeIndex;
-        if (y[0].multiply(y[1]).negativeOrNull()) {
-
-            // reduce interval if it brackets the root
-            nbPoints        = 2;
-            signChangeIndex = 1;
-
-        } else {
-
-            // evaluate second endpoint
-            evaluations.incrementCount();
-            y[2] = f.value(x[2]);
-            if (y[2].isZero()) {
-                // return the second endpoint if it is a perfect root.
-                return x[2];
-            }
-
-            if (y[1].multiply(y[2]).negativeOrNull()) {
-                // use all computed point as a start sampling array for solving
-                nbPoints        = 3;
-                signChangeIndex = 2;
-            } else {
-                throw new NoBracketingException(x[0].toDouble(), x[2].toDouble(),
-                                                y[0].toDouble(), y[2].toDouble());
-            }
-
-        }
-
-        // prepare a work array for inverse polynomial interpolation
-        final Dfp[] tmpX = new Dfp[x.length];
-
-        // current tightest bracketing of the root
-        Dfp xA    = x[signChangeIndex - 1];
-        Dfp yA    = y[signChangeIndex - 1];
-        Dfp absXA = xA.abs();
-        Dfp absYA = yA.abs();
-        int agingA   = 0;
-        Dfp xB    = x[signChangeIndex];
-        Dfp yB    = y[signChangeIndex];
-        Dfp absXB = xB.abs();
-        Dfp absYB = yB.abs();
-        int agingB   = 0;
-
-        // search loop
-        while (true) {
-
-            // check convergence of bracketing interval
-            Dfp maxX = absXA.lessThan(absXB) ? absXB : absXA;
-            Dfp maxY = absYA.lessThan(absYB) ? absYB : absYA;
-            final Dfp xTol = absoluteAccuracy.add(relativeAccuracy.multiply(maxX));
-            if (xB.subtract(xA).subtract(xTol).negativeOrNull() ||
-                maxY.lessThan(functionValueAccuracy)) {
-                switch (allowedSolution) {
-                case ANY_SIDE :
-                    return absYA.lessThan(absYB) ? xA : xB;
-                case LEFT_SIDE :
-                    return xA;
-                case RIGHT_SIDE :
-                    return xB;
-                case BELOW_SIDE :
-                    return yA.lessThan(zero) ? xA : xB;
-                case ABOVE_SIDE :
-                    return yA.lessThan(zero) ? xB : xA;
-                default :
-                    // this should never happen
-                    throw new MathInternalError(null);
-                }
-            }
-
-            // target for the next evaluation point
-            Dfp targetY;
-            if (agingA >= MAXIMAL_AGING) {
-                // we keep updating the high bracket, try to compensate this
-                targetY = yB.divide(16).negate();
-            } else if (agingB >= MAXIMAL_AGING) {
-                // we keep updating the low bracket, try to compensate this
-                targetY = yA.divide(16).negate();
-            } else {
-                // bracketing is balanced, try to find the root itself
-                targetY = zero;
-            }
-
-            // make a few attempts to guess a root,
-            Dfp nextX;
-            int start = 0;
-            int end   = nbPoints;
-            do {
-
-                // guess a value for current target, using inverse polynomial interpolation
-                System.arraycopy(x, start, tmpX, start, end - start);
-                nextX = guessX(targetY, tmpX, y, start, end);
-
-                if (!(nextX.greaterThan(xA) && nextX.lessThan(xB))) {
-                    // the guessed root is not strictly inside of the tightest bracketing interval
-
-                    // the guessed root is either not strictly inside the interval or it
-                    // is a NaN (which occurs when some sampling points share the same y)
-                    // we try again with a lower interpolation order
-                    if (signChangeIndex - start >= end - signChangeIndex) {
-                        // we have more points before the sign change, drop the lowest point
-                        ++start;
-                    } else {
-                        // we have more points after sign change, drop the highest point
-                        --end;
-                    }
-
-                    // we need to do one more attempt
-                    nextX = nan;
-
-                }
-
-            } while (nextX.isNaN() && (end - start > 1));
-
-            if (nextX.isNaN()) {
-                // fall back to bisection
-                nextX = xA.add(xB.subtract(xA).divide(2));
-                start = signChangeIndex - 1;
-                end   = signChangeIndex;
-            }
-
-            // evaluate the function at the guessed root
-            evaluations.incrementCount();
-            final Dfp nextY = f.value(nextX);
-            if (nextY.isZero()) {
-                // we have found an exact root, since it is not an approximation
-                // we don't need to bother about the allowed solutions setting
-                return nextX;
-            }
-
-            if ((nbPoints > 2) && (end - start != nbPoints)) {
-
-                // we have been forced to ignore some points to keep bracketing,
-                // they are probably too far from the root, drop them from now on
-                nbPoints = end - start;
-                System.arraycopy(x, start, x, 0, nbPoints);
-                System.arraycopy(y, start, y, 0, nbPoints);
-                signChangeIndex -= start;
-
-            } else  if (nbPoints == x.length) {
-
-                // we have to drop one point in order to insert the new one
-                nbPoints--;
-
-                // keep the tightest bracketing interval as centered as possible
-                if (signChangeIndex >= (x.length + 1) / 2) {
-                    // we drop the lowest point, we have to shift the arrays and the index
-                    System.arraycopy(x, 1, x, 0, nbPoints);
-                    System.arraycopy(y, 1, y, 0, nbPoints);
-                    --signChangeIndex;
-                }
-
-            }
-
-            // insert the last computed point
-            //(by construction, we know it lies inside the tightest bracketing interval)
-            System.arraycopy(x, signChangeIndex, x, signChangeIndex + 1, nbPoints - signChangeIndex);
-            x[signChangeIndex] = nextX;
-            System.arraycopy(y, signChangeIndex, y, signChangeIndex + 1, nbPoints - signChangeIndex);
-            y[signChangeIndex] = nextY;
-            ++nbPoints;
-
-            // update the bracketing interval
-            if (nextY.multiply(yA).negativeOrNull()) {
-                // the sign change occurs before the inserted point
-                xB = nextX;
-                yB = nextY;
-                absYB = yB.abs();
-                ++agingA;
-                agingB = 0;
-            } else {
-                // the sign change occurs after the inserted point
-                xA = nextX;
-                yA = nextY;
-                absYA = yA.abs();
-                agingA = 0;
-                ++agingB;
-
-                // update the sign change index
-                signChangeIndex++;
-
-            }
-
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /** Guess an x value by n<sup>th</sup> order inverse polynomial interpolation.
-     * <p>
-     * The x value is guessed by evaluating polynomial Q(y) at y = targetY, where Q
-     * is built such that for all considered points (x<sub>i</sub>, y<sub>i</sub>),
-     * Q(y<sub>i</sub>) = x<sub>i</sub>.
-     * </p>
-     * @param targetY target value for y
-     * @param x reference points abscissas for interpolation,
-     * note that this array <em>is</em> modified during computation
-     * @param y reference points ordinates for interpolation
-     * @param start start index of the points to consider (inclusive)
-     * @param end end index of the points to consider (exclusive)
-     * @return guessed root (will be a NaN if two points share the same y)
-     */
-    private Dfp guessX(final Dfp targetY, final Dfp[] x, final Dfp[] y,
-                       final int start, final int end) {
-
-        // compute Q Newton coefficients by divided differences
-        for (int i = start; i < end - 1; ++i) {
-            final int delta = i + 1 - start;
-            for (int j = end - 1; j > i; --j) {
-                x[j] = x[j].subtract(x[j-1]).divide(y[j].subtract(y[j - delta]));
-            }
-        }
-
-        // evaluate Q(targetY)
-        Dfp x0 = targetY.getZero();
-        for (int j = end - 1; j >= start; --j) {
-            x0 = x[j].add(x0.multiply(targetY.subtract(y[j])));
-        }
-
-        return x0;
-
-    }
-
-}