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Posted to commits@hive.apache.org by om...@apache.org on 2015/11/18 23:40:48 UTC

[06/34] hive git commit: HIVE-12054. Create vectorized ORC write method. (omalley reviewed by prasanthj)

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/hive/blob/f5f9f30d/ql/src/test/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/io/orc/TestVectorOrcFile.java
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diff --git a/ql/src/test/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/io/orc/TestVectorOrcFile.java b/ql/src/test/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/io/orc/TestVectorOrcFile.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..134f78c
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+++ b/ql/src/test/org/apache/hadoop/hive/ql/io/orc/TestVectorOrcFile.java
@@ -0,0 +1,2744 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.type.HiveDecimal;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.vector.BytesColumnVector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.vector.DecimalColumnVector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.vector.DoubleColumnVector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.vector.ListColumnVector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.vector.LongColumnVector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.vector.MapColumnVector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.vector.StructColumnVector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.vector.TimestampUtils;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.vector.UnionColumnVector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.vector.VectorizedRowBatch;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcFile.Version;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.sarg.PredicateLeaf;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.sarg.SearchArgument;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.sarg.SearchArgumentFactory;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.io.ByteWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.io.DateWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.io.DoubleWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.io.HiveDecimalWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.io.ShortWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.io.TimestampWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ListObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.MapObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspectorFactory;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.StructField;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.StructObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.BinaryObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.BooleanObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.ByteObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.DoubleObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.FloatObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.HiveDecimalObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.IntObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.LongObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.ShortObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.StringObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.TimestampObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.BooleanWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.BytesWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.FloatWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hive.common.util.HiveTestUtils;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TestName;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.sql.Date;
+import java.sql.Timestamp;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertNull;
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for the vectorized reader and writer for ORC files.
+ */
+public class TestVectorOrcFile {
+
+  public static class InnerStruct {
+    int int1;
+    Text string1 = new Text();
+    InnerStruct(int int1, String string1) {
+      this.int1 = int1;
+      this.string1.set(string1);
+    }
+
+    public String toString() {
+      return "{" + int1 + ", " + string1 + "}";
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class MiddleStruct {
+    List<InnerStruct> list = new ArrayList<InnerStruct>();
+
+    MiddleStruct(InnerStruct... items) {
+      list.clear();
+      list.addAll(Arrays.asList(items));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static class BigRow {
+    Boolean boolean1;
+    Byte byte1;
+    Short short1;
+    Integer int1;
+    Long long1;
+    Float float1;
+    Double double1;
+    BytesWritable bytes1;
+    Text string1;
+    MiddleStruct middle;
+    List<InnerStruct> list = new ArrayList<InnerStruct>();
+    Map<Text, InnerStruct> map = new HashMap<Text, InnerStruct>();
+
+    BigRow(Boolean b1, Byte b2, Short s1, Integer i1, Long l1, Float f1,
+           Double d1,
+           BytesWritable b3, String s2, MiddleStruct m1,
+           List<InnerStruct> l2, Map<String, InnerStruct> m2) {
+      this.boolean1 = b1;
+      this.byte1 = b2;
+      this.short1 = s1;
+      this.int1 = i1;
+      this.long1 = l1;
+      this.float1 = f1;
+      this.double1 = d1;
+      this.bytes1 = b3;
+      if (s2 == null) {
+        this.string1 = null;
+      } else {
+        this.string1 = new Text(s2);
+      }
+      this.middle = m1;
+      this.list = l2;
+      if (m2 != null) {
+        this.map = new HashMap<Text, InnerStruct>();
+        for (Map.Entry<String, InnerStruct> item : m2.entrySet()) {
+          this.map.put(new Text(item.getKey()), item.getValue());
+        }
+      } else {
+        this.map = null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static InnerStruct inner(int i, String s) {
+    return new InnerStruct(i, s);
+  }
+
+  private static Map<String, InnerStruct> map(InnerStruct... items)  {
+    Map<String, InnerStruct> result = new HashMap<String, InnerStruct>();
+    for(InnerStruct i: items) {
+      result.put(i.string1.toString(), i);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static List<InnerStruct> list(InnerStruct... items) {
+    List<InnerStruct> result = new ArrayList<InnerStruct>();
+    result.addAll(Arrays.asList(items));
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static BytesWritable bytes(int... items) {
+    BytesWritable result = new BytesWritable();
+    result.setSize(items.length);
+    for(int i=0; i < items.length; ++i) {
+      result.getBytes()[i] = (byte) items[i];
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static byte[] bytesArray(int... items) {
+    byte[] result = new byte[items.length];
+    for(int i=0; i < items.length; ++i) {
+      result[i] = (byte) items[i];
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static ByteBuffer byteBuf(int... items) {
+    ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.allocate(items.length);
+    for(int item: items) {
+      result.put((byte) item);
+    }
+    result.flip();
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  Path workDir = new Path(System.getProperty("test.tmp.dir",
+      "target" + File.separator + "test" + File.separator + "tmp"));
+
+  Configuration conf;
+  FileSystem fs;
+  Path testFilePath;
+
+  @Rule
+  public TestName testCaseName = new TestName();
+
+  @Before
+  public void openFileSystem () throws Exception {
+    conf = new Configuration();
+    fs = FileSystem.getLocal(conf);
+    testFilePath = new Path(workDir, "TestVectorOrcFile." +
+        testCaseName.getMethodName() + ".orc");
+    fs.delete(testFilePath, false);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testReadFormat_0_11() throws Exception {
+    Path oldFilePath =
+        new Path(HiveTestUtils.getFileFromClasspath("orc-file-11-format.orc"));
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(oldFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+
+    int stripeCount = 0;
+    int rowCount = 0;
+    long currentOffset = -1;
+    for(StripeInformation stripe : reader.getStripes()) {
+      stripeCount += 1;
+      rowCount += stripe.getNumberOfRows();
+      if (currentOffset < 0) {
+        currentOffset = stripe.getOffset() + stripe.getIndexLength()
+            + stripe.getDataLength() + stripe.getFooterLength();
+      } else {
+        assertEquals(currentOffset, stripe.getOffset());
+        currentOffset += stripe.getIndexLength() + stripe.getDataLength()
+            + stripe.getFooterLength();
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(reader.getNumberOfRows(), rowCount);
+    assertEquals(2, stripeCount);
+
+    // check the stats
+    ColumnStatistics[] stats = reader.getStatistics();
+    assertEquals(7500, stats[1].getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(3750, ((BooleanColumnStatistics) stats[1]).getFalseCount());
+    assertEquals(3750, ((BooleanColumnStatistics) stats[1]).getTrueCount());
+    assertEquals("count: 7500 hasNull: true true: 3750", stats[1].toString());
+
+    assertEquals(2048, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) stats[3]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals(1024, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) stats[3]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals(true, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) stats[3]).isSumDefined());
+    assertEquals(11520000, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) stats[3]).getSum());
+    assertEquals("count: 7500 hasNull: true min: 1024 max: 2048 sum: 11520000",
+        stats[3].toString());
+
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE,
+        ((IntegerColumnStatistics) stats[5]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE,
+        ((IntegerColumnStatistics) stats[5]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals(false, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) stats[5]).isSumDefined());
+    assertEquals(
+        "count: 7500 hasNull: true min: 9223372036854775807 max: 9223372036854775807",
+        stats[5].toString());
+
+    assertEquals(-15.0, ((DoubleColumnStatistics) stats[7]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals(-5.0, ((DoubleColumnStatistics) stats[7]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals(-75000.0, ((DoubleColumnStatistics) stats[7]).getSum(),
+        0.00001);
+    assertEquals("count: 7500 hasNull: true min: -15.0 max: -5.0 sum: -75000.0",
+        stats[7].toString());
+
+    assertEquals("count: 7500 hasNull: true min: bye max: hi sum: 0", stats[9].toString());
+
+    // check the inspectors
+    StructObjectInspector readerInspector = (StructObjectInspector) reader
+        .getObjectInspector();
+    assertEquals(ObjectInspector.Category.STRUCT, readerInspector.getCategory());
+    assertEquals("struct<boolean1:boolean,byte1:tinyint,short1:smallint,"
+        + "int1:int,long1:bigint,float1:float,double1:double,bytes1:"
+        + "binary,string1:string,middle:struct<list:array<struct<int1:int,"
+        + "string1:string>>>,list:array<struct<int1:int,string1:string>>,"
+        + "map:map<string,struct<int1:int,string1:string>>,ts:timestamp,"
+        + "decimal1:decimal(38,18)>", readerInspector.getTypeName());
+    List<? extends StructField> fields = readerInspector
+        .getAllStructFieldRefs();
+    BooleanObjectInspector bo = (BooleanObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("boolean1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    ByteObjectInspector by = (ByteObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("byte1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    ShortObjectInspector sh = (ShortObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("short1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    IntObjectInspector in = (IntObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("int1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    LongObjectInspector lo = (LongObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("long1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    FloatObjectInspector fl = (FloatObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("float1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    DoubleObjectInspector dbl = (DoubleObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("double1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    BinaryObjectInspector bi = (BinaryObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("bytes1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    StringObjectInspector st = (StringObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("string1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    StructObjectInspector mid = (StructObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("middle").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    List<? extends StructField> midFields = mid.getAllStructFieldRefs();
+    ListObjectInspector midli = (ListObjectInspector) midFields.get(0)
+        .getFieldObjectInspector();
+    StructObjectInspector inner = (StructObjectInspector) midli
+        .getListElementObjectInspector();
+    List<? extends StructField> inFields = inner.getAllStructFieldRefs();
+    ListObjectInspector li = (ListObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("list").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    MapObjectInspector ma = (MapObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("map").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    TimestampObjectInspector tso = (TimestampObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("ts").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    HiveDecimalObjectInspector dco = (HiveDecimalObjectInspector) readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldRef("decimal1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    StringObjectInspector mk = (StringObjectInspector) ma
+        .getMapKeyObjectInspector();
+    RecordReader rows = reader.rows();
+    Object row = rows.next(null);
+    assertNotNull(row);
+    // check the contents of the first row
+    assertEquals(false,
+        bo.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals(1,
+        by.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(1024,
+        sh.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(2))));
+    assertEquals(65536,
+        in.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(3))));
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE,
+        lo.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(4))));
+    assertEquals(1.0,
+        fl.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(5))), 0.00001);
+    assertEquals(-15.0,
+        dbl.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(6))),
+        0.00001);
+    assertEquals(bytes(0, 1, 2, 3, 4),
+        bi.getPrimitiveWritableObject(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+            fields.get(7))));
+    assertEquals("hi", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(8))));
+    List<?> midRow = midli.getList(mid.getStructFieldData(
+        readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(9)),
+        midFields.get(0)));
+    assertNotNull(midRow);
+    assertEquals(2, midRow.size());
+    assertEquals(1,
+        in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(midRow.get(0), inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("bye", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData(
+        midRow.get(0), inFields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(2,
+        in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(midRow.get(1), inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("sigh", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData(
+        midRow.get(1), inFields.get(1))));
+    List<?> list = li.getList(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(10)));
+    assertEquals(2, list.size());
+    assertEquals(3,
+        in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(list.get(0), inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("good", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData(
+        list.get(0), inFields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(4,
+        in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(list.get(1), inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("bad", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData(
+        list.get(1), inFields.get(1))));
+    Map<?, ?> map = ma.getMap(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(11)));
+    assertEquals(0, map.size());
+    assertEquals(Timestamp.valueOf("2000-03-12 15:00:00"),
+        tso.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+            fields.get(12))));
+    assertEquals(HiveDecimal.create("12345678.6547456"),
+        dco.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+            fields.get(13))));
+
+    // check the contents of second row
+    assertEquals(true, rows.hasNext());
+    rows.seekToRow(7499);
+    row = rows.next(null);
+    assertEquals(true,
+        bo.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals(100,
+        by.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(2048,
+        sh.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(2))));
+    assertEquals(65536,
+        in.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(3))));
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE,
+        lo.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(4))));
+    assertEquals(2.0,
+        fl.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(5))), 0.00001);
+    assertEquals(-5.0,
+        dbl.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(6))),
+        0.00001);
+    assertEquals(bytes(), bi.getPrimitiveWritableObject(readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(7))));
+    assertEquals("bye", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector
+        .getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(8))));
+    midRow = midli.getList(mid.getStructFieldData(
+        readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(9)),
+        midFields.get(0)));
+    assertNotNull(midRow);
+    assertEquals(2, midRow.size());
+    assertEquals(1,
+        in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(midRow.get(0), inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("bye", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData(
+        midRow.get(0), inFields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(2,
+        in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(midRow.get(1), inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("sigh", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData(
+        midRow.get(1), inFields.get(1))));
+    list = li.getList(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(10)));
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertEquals(100000000,
+        in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(list.get(0), inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("cat", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData(
+        list.get(0), inFields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(-100000,
+        in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(list.get(1), inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("in", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData(
+        list.get(1), inFields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(1234,
+        in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(list.get(2), inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("hat", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData(
+        list.get(2), inFields.get(1))));
+    map = ma.getMap(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(11)));
+    assertEquals(2, map.size());
+    boolean[] found = new boolean[2];
+    for(Object key : map.keySet()) {
+      String str = mk.getPrimitiveJavaObject(key);
+      if (str.equals("chani")) {
+        assertEquals(false, found[0]);
+        assertEquals(5,
+            in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(map.get(key), inFields.get(0))));
+        assertEquals(str, st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData(
+            map.get(key), inFields.get(1))));
+        found[0] = true;
+      } else if (str.equals("mauddib")) {
+        assertEquals(false, found[1]);
+        assertEquals(1,
+            in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(map.get(key), inFields.get(0))));
+        assertEquals(str, st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData(
+            map.get(key), inFields.get(1))));
+        found[1] = true;
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown key " + str);
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(true, found[0]);
+    assertEquals(true, found[1]);
+    assertEquals(Timestamp.valueOf("2000-03-12 15:00:01"),
+        tso.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+            fields.get(12))));
+    assertEquals(HiveDecimal.create("12345678.6547457"),
+        dco.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+            fields.get(13))));
+
+    // handle the close up
+    assertEquals(false, rows.hasNext());
+    rows.close();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTimestamp() throws Exception {
+    ObjectInspector inspector;
+    synchronized (TestVectorOrcFile.class) {
+      inspector = ObjectInspectorFactory.getReflectionObjectInspector(Timestamp.class,
+          ObjectInspectorFactory.ObjectInspectorOptions.JAVA);
+    }
+
+    TypeDescription schema = TypeDescription.createTimestamp();
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.writerOptions(conf).setSchema(schema).stripeSize(100000)
+            .bufferSize(10000).version(Version.V_0_11));
+    List<Timestamp> tslist = Lists.newArrayList();
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("2037-01-01 00:00:00.000999"));
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("2003-01-01 00:00:00.000000222"));
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("1999-01-01 00:00:00.999999999"));
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("1995-01-01 00:00:00.688888888"));
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("2002-01-01 00:00:00.1"));
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("2010-03-02 00:00:00.000009001"));
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("2005-01-01 00:00:00.000002229"));
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("2006-01-01 00:00:00.900203003"));
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("2003-01-01 00:00:00.800000007"));
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("1996-08-02 00:00:00.723100809"));
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("1998-11-02 00:00:00.857340643"));
+    tslist.add(Timestamp.valueOf("2008-10-02 00:00:00"));
+
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = new VectorizedRowBatch(1, 1024);
+    LongColumnVector vec = new LongColumnVector(1024);
+    batch.cols[0] = vec;
+    batch.reset();
+    batch.size = tslist.size();
+    for (int i=0; i < tslist.size(); ++i) {
+      Timestamp ts = tslist.get(i);
+      vec.vector[i] = TimestampUtils.getTimeNanoSec(ts);
+    }
+    writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    writer.close();
+
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+    RecordReader rows = reader.rows(null);
+    int idx = 0;
+    while (rows.hasNext()) {
+      Object row = rows.next(null);
+      assertEquals(tslist.get(idx++).getNanos(), ((TimestampWritable) row).getNanos());
+    }
+    assertEquals(tslist.size(), rows.getRowNumber());
+    assertEquals(0, writer.getSchema().getMaximumId());
+    boolean[] expected = new boolean[] {false};
+    boolean[] included = OrcUtils.includeColumns("", writer.getSchema());
+    assertEquals(true, Arrays.equals(expected, included));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testStringAndBinaryStatistics() throws Exception {
+
+    TypeDescription schema = TypeDescription.createStruct()
+        .addField("bytes1", TypeDescription.createBinary())
+        .addField("string1", TypeDescription.createString());
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+                                         OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+                                         .setSchema(schema)
+                                         .stripeSize(100000)
+                                         .bufferSize(10000));
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    batch.size = 4;
+    BytesColumnVector field1 = (BytesColumnVector) batch.cols[0];
+    BytesColumnVector field2 = (BytesColumnVector) batch.cols[1];
+    field1.setVal(0, bytesArray(0, 1, 2, 3, 4));
+    field1.setVal(1, bytesArray(0, 1, 2, 3));
+    field1.setVal(2, bytesArray(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
+    field1.noNulls = false;
+    field1.isNull[3] = true;
+    field2.setVal(0, "foo".getBytes());
+    field2.setVal(1, "bar".getBytes());
+    field2.noNulls = false;
+    field2.isNull[2] = true;
+    field2.setVal(3, "hi".getBytes());
+    writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    writer.close();
+    schema = writer.getSchema();
+    assertEquals(2, schema.getMaximumId());
+
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+
+    boolean[] expected = new boolean[] {false, false, true};
+    boolean[] included = OrcUtils.includeColumns("string1", schema);
+    assertEquals(true, Arrays.equals(expected, included));
+
+    expected = new boolean[] {false, false, false};
+    included = OrcUtils.includeColumns("", schema);
+    assertEquals(true, Arrays.equals(expected, included));
+
+    expected = new boolean[] {false, false, false};
+    included = OrcUtils.includeColumns(null, schema);
+    assertEquals(true, Arrays.equals(expected, included));
+
+    // check the stats
+    ColumnStatistics[] stats = reader.getStatistics();
+    assertEquals(4, stats[0].getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals("count: 4 hasNull: false", stats[0].toString());
+
+    assertEquals(3, stats[1].getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(15, ((BinaryColumnStatistics) stats[1]).getSum());
+    assertEquals("count: 3 hasNull: true sum: 15", stats[1].toString());
+
+    assertEquals(3, stats[2].getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals("bar", ((StringColumnStatistics) stats[2]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals("hi", ((StringColumnStatistics) stats[2]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals(8, ((StringColumnStatistics) stats[2]).getSum());
+    assertEquals("count: 3 hasNull: true min: bar max: hi sum: 8",
+        stats[2].toString());
+
+    // check the inspectors
+    StructObjectInspector readerInspector =
+        (StructObjectInspector) reader.getObjectInspector();
+    assertEquals(ObjectInspector.Category.STRUCT,
+        readerInspector.getCategory());
+    assertEquals("struct<bytes1:binary,string1:string>",
+        readerInspector.getTypeName());
+    List<? extends StructField> fields =
+        readerInspector.getAllStructFieldRefs();
+    BinaryObjectInspector bi = (BinaryObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("bytes1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    StringObjectInspector st = (StringObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("string1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    RecordReader rows = reader.rows();
+    Object row = rows.next(null);
+    assertNotNull(row);
+    // check the contents of the first row
+    assertEquals(bytes(0,1,2,3,4), bi.getPrimitiveWritableObject(
+        readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("foo", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(1))));
+
+    // check the contents of second row
+    assertEquals(true, rows.hasNext());
+    row = rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(bytes(0,1,2,3), bi.getPrimitiveWritableObject(
+        readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("bar", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(1))));
+
+    // check the contents of third row
+    assertEquals(true, rows.hasNext());
+    row = rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(bytes(0,1,2,3,4,5), bi.getPrimitiveWritableObject(
+        readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(0))));
+    assertNull(st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(1))));
+
+    // check the contents of fourth row
+    assertEquals(true, rows.hasNext());
+    row = rows.next(row);
+    assertNull(bi.getPrimitiveWritableObject(
+        readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("hi", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(1))));
+
+    // handle the close up
+    assertEquals(false, rows.hasNext());
+    rows.close();
+  }
+
+
+  @Test
+  public void testStripeLevelStats() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = TypeDescription.createStruct()
+        .addField("int1", TypeDescription.createInt())
+        .addField("string1", TypeDescription.createString());
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+            .setSchema(schema)
+            .stripeSize(100000)
+            .bufferSize(10000));
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    batch.size = 1000;
+    LongColumnVector field1 = (LongColumnVector) batch.cols[0];
+    BytesColumnVector field2 = (BytesColumnVector) batch.cols[1];
+    field1.isRepeating = true;
+    field2.isRepeating = true;
+    for (int b = 0; b < 11; b++) {
+      if (b >= 5) {
+        if (b >= 10) {
+          field1.vector[0] = 3;
+          field2.setVal(0, "three".getBytes());
+        } else {
+          field1.vector[0] = 2;
+          field2.setVal(0, "two".getBytes());
+        }
+      } else {
+        field1.vector[0] = 1;
+        field2.setVal(0, "one".getBytes());
+      }
+      writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    }
+
+    writer.close();
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+
+    schema = writer.getSchema();
+    assertEquals(2, schema.getMaximumId());
+    boolean[] expected = new boolean[] {false, true, false};
+    boolean[] included = OrcUtils.includeColumns("int1", schema);
+    assertEquals(true, Arrays.equals(expected, included));
+
+    List<StripeStatistics> stats = reader.getStripeStatistics();
+    int numStripes = stats.size();
+    assertEquals(3, numStripes);
+    StripeStatistics ss1 = stats.get(0);
+    StripeStatistics ss2 = stats.get(1);
+    StripeStatistics ss3 = stats.get(2);
+
+    assertEquals(5000, ss1.getColumnStatistics()[0].getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(5000, ss2.getColumnStatistics()[0].getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(1000, ss3.getColumnStatistics()[0].getNumberOfValues());
+
+    assertEquals(5000, (ss1.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(5000, (ss2.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(1000, (ss3.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(1, ((IntegerColumnStatistics)ss1.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals(2, ((IntegerColumnStatistics)ss2.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals(3, ((IntegerColumnStatistics)ss3.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals(1, ((IntegerColumnStatistics)ss1.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals(2, ((IntegerColumnStatistics)ss2.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals(3, ((IntegerColumnStatistics)ss3.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals(5000, ((IntegerColumnStatistics)ss1.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getSum());
+    assertEquals(10000, ((IntegerColumnStatistics)ss2.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getSum());
+    assertEquals(3000, ((IntegerColumnStatistics)ss3.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getSum());
+
+    assertEquals(5000, (ss1.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(5000, (ss2.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(1000, (ss3.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals("one", ((StringColumnStatistics)ss1.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals("two", ((StringColumnStatistics)ss2.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals("three", ((StringColumnStatistics)ss3.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals("one", ((StringColumnStatistics)ss1.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals("two", ((StringColumnStatistics) ss2.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals("three", ((StringColumnStatistics)ss3.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals(15000, ((StringColumnStatistics)ss1.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getSum());
+    assertEquals(15000, ((StringColumnStatistics)ss2.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getSum());
+    assertEquals(5000, ((StringColumnStatistics)ss3.getColumnStatistics()[2]).getSum());
+
+    RecordReaderImpl recordReader = (RecordReaderImpl) reader.rows();
+    OrcProto.RowIndex[] index = recordReader.readRowIndex(0, null, null).getRowGroupIndex();
+    assertEquals(3, index.length);
+    List<OrcProto.RowIndexEntry> items = index[1].getEntryList();
+    assertEquals(1, items.size());
+    assertEquals(3, items.get(0).getPositionsCount());
+    assertEquals(0, items.get(0).getPositions(0));
+    assertEquals(0, items.get(0).getPositions(1));
+    assertEquals(0, items.get(0).getPositions(2));
+    assertEquals(1,
+                 items.get(0).getStatistics().getIntStatistics().getMinimum());
+    index = recordReader.readRowIndex(1, null, null).getRowGroupIndex();
+    assertEquals(3, index.length);
+    items = index[1].getEntryList();
+    assertEquals(2,
+        items.get(0).getStatistics().getIntStatistics().getMaximum());
+  }
+
+  private static void setInner(StructColumnVector inner, int rowId,
+                               int i, String value) {
+    ((LongColumnVector) inner.fields[0]).vector[rowId] = i;
+    if (value != null) {
+      ((BytesColumnVector) inner.fields[1]).setVal(rowId, value.getBytes());
+    } else {
+      inner.fields[1].isNull[rowId] = true;
+      inner.fields[1].noNulls = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void setInnerList(ListColumnVector list, int rowId,
+                                   List<InnerStruct> value) {
+    if (value != null) {
+      if (list.childCount + value.size() > list.child.isNull.length) {
+        list.child.ensureSize(list.childCount * 2, true);
+      }
+      list.lengths[rowId] = value.size();
+      list.offsets[rowId] = list.childCount;
+      for (int i = 0; i < list.lengths[rowId]; ++i) {
+        InnerStruct inner = value.get(i);
+        setInner((StructColumnVector) list.child, i + list.childCount,
+            inner.int1, inner.string1.toString());
+      }
+      list.childCount += value.size();
+    } else {
+      list.isNull[rowId] = true;
+      list.noNulls = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void setInnerMap(MapColumnVector map, int rowId,
+                                  Map<String, InnerStruct> value) {
+    if (value != null) {
+      if (map.childCount >= map.keys.isNull.length) {
+        map.keys.ensureSize(map.childCount * 2, true);
+        map.values.ensureSize(map.childCount * 2, true);
+      }
+      map.lengths[rowId] = value.size();
+      int offset = map.childCount;
+      map.offsets[rowId] = offset;
+
+      for (Map.Entry<String, InnerStruct> entry : value.entrySet()) {
+        ((BytesColumnVector) map.keys).setVal(offset, entry.getKey().getBytes());
+        InnerStruct inner = entry.getValue();
+        setInner((StructColumnVector) map.values, offset, inner.int1,
+            inner.string1.toString());
+        offset += 1;
+      }
+      map.childCount = offset;
+    } else {
+      map.isNull[rowId] = true;
+      map.noNulls = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void setMiddleStruct(StructColumnVector middle, int rowId,
+                                      MiddleStruct value) {
+    if (value != null) {
+      setInnerList((ListColumnVector) middle.fields[0], rowId, value.list);
+    } else {
+      middle.isNull[rowId] = true;
+      middle.noNulls = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void setBigRow(VectorizedRowBatch batch, int rowId,
+                                Boolean b1, Byte b2, Short s1,
+                                Integer i1, Long l1, Float f1,
+                                Double d1, BytesWritable b3, String s2,
+                                MiddleStruct m1, List<InnerStruct> l2,
+                                Map<String, InnerStruct> m2) {
+    ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[0]).vector[rowId] = b1 ? 1 : 0;
+    ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[1]).vector[rowId] = b2;
+    ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[2]).vector[rowId] = s1;
+    ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[3]).vector[rowId] = i1;
+    ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[4]).vector[rowId] = l1;
+    ((DoubleColumnVector) batch.cols[5]).vector[rowId] = f1;
+    ((DoubleColumnVector) batch.cols[6]).vector[rowId] = d1;
+    if (b3 != null) {
+      ((BytesColumnVector) batch.cols[7]).setVal(rowId, b3.getBytes(), 0,
+          b3.getLength());
+    } else {
+      batch.cols[7].isNull[rowId] = true;
+      batch.cols[7].noNulls = false;
+    }
+    if (s2 != null) {
+      ((BytesColumnVector) batch.cols[8]).setVal(rowId, s2.getBytes());
+    } else {
+      batch.cols[8].isNull[rowId] = true;
+      batch.cols[8].noNulls = false;
+    }
+    setMiddleStruct((StructColumnVector) batch.cols[9], rowId, m1);
+    setInnerList((ListColumnVector) batch.cols[10], rowId, l2);
+    setInnerMap((MapColumnVector) batch.cols[11], rowId, m2);
+  }
+
+  private static TypeDescription createInnerSchema() {
+    return TypeDescription.createStruct()
+        .addField("int1", TypeDescription.createInt())
+        .addField("string1", TypeDescription.createString());
+  }
+
+  private static TypeDescription createBigRowSchema() {
+    return TypeDescription.createStruct()
+        .addField("boolean1", TypeDescription.createBoolean())
+        .addField("byte1", TypeDescription.createByte())
+        .addField("short1", TypeDescription.createShort())
+        .addField("int1", TypeDescription.createInt())
+        .addField("long1", TypeDescription.createLong())
+        .addField("float1", TypeDescription.createFloat())
+        .addField("double1", TypeDescription.createDouble())
+        .addField("bytes1", TypeDescription.createBinary())
+        .addField("string1", TypeDescription.createString())
+        .addField("middle", TypeDescription.createStruct()
+            .addField("list", TypeDescription.createList(createInnerSchema())))
+        .addField("list", TypeDescription.createList(createInnerSchema()))
+        .addField("map", TypeDescription.createMap(
+            TypeDescription.createString(),
+            createInnerSchema()));
+  }
+
+  static void assertArrayEquals(boolean[] expected, boolean[] actual) {
+    assertEquals(expected.length, actual.length);
+    boolean diff = false;
+    for(int i=0; i < expected.length; ++i) {
+      if (expected[i] != actual[i]) {
+        System.out.println("Difference at " + i + " expected: " + expected[i] +
+          " actual: " + actual[i]);
+        diff = true;
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(false, diff);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void test1() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = createBigRowSchema();
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+            .setSchema(schema)
+            .stripeSize(100000)
+            .bufferSize(10000));
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    batch.size = 2;
+    setBigRow(batch, 0, false, (byte) 1, (short) 1024, 65536,
+        Long.MAX_VALUE, (float) 1.0, -15.0, bytes(0, 1, 2, 3, 4), "hi",
+        new MiddleStruct(inner(1, "bye"), inner(2, "sigh")),
+        list(inner(3, "good"), inner(4, "bad")),
+        map());
+    setBigRow(batch, 1, true, (byte) 100, (short) 2048, 65536,
+        Long.MAX_VALUE, (float) 2.0, -5.0, bytes(), "bye",
+        new MiddleStruct(inner(1, "bye"), inner(2, "sigh")),
+        list(inner(100000000, "cat"), inner(-100000, "in"), inner(1234, "hat")),
+        map(inner(5, "chani"), inner(1, "mauddib")));
+    writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    writer.close();
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+
+    schema = writer.getSchema();
+    assertEquals(23, schema.getMaximumId());
+    boolean[] expected = new boolean[] {false, false, false, false, false,
+        false, false, false, false, false,
+        false, false, false, false, false,
+        false, false, false, false, false,
+        false, false, false, false};
+    boolean[] included = OrcUtils.includeColumns("", schema);
+    assertEquals(true, Arrays.equals(expected, included));
+
+    expected = new boolean[] {false, true, false, false, false,
+        false, false, false, false, true,
+        true, true, true, true, true,
+        false, false, false, false, true,
+        true, true, true, true};
+    included = OrcUtils.includeColumns("boolean1,string1,middle,map", schema);
+
+    assertArrayEquals(expected, included);
+
+    expected = new boolean[] {false, true, false, false, false,
+        false, false, false, false, true,
+        true, true, true, true, true,
+        false, false, false, false, true,
+        true, true, true, true};
+    included = OrcUtils.includeColumns("boolean1,string1,middle,map", schema);
+    assertArrayEquals(expected, included);
+
+    expected = new boolean[] {false, true, true, true, true,
+        true, true, true, true, true,
+        true, true, true, true, true,
+        true, true, true, true, true,
+        true, true, true, true};
+    included = OrcUtils.includeColumns(
+        "boolean1,byte1,short1,int1,long1,float1,double1,bytes1,string1,middle,list,map",
+        schema);
+    assertEquals(true, Arrays.equals(expected, included));
+
+    // check the stats
+    ColumnStatistics[] stats = reader.getStatistics();
+    assertEquals(2, stats[1].getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(1, ((BooleanColumnStatistics) stats[1]).getFalseCount());
+    assertEquals(1, ((BooleanColumnStatistics) stats[1]).getTrueCount());
+    assertEquals("count: 2 hasNull: false true: 1", stats[1].toString());
+
+    assertEquals(2048, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) stats[3]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals(1024, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) stats[3]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals(true, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) stats[3]).isSumDefined());
+    assertEquals(3072, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) stats[3]).getSum());
+    assertEquals("count: 2 hasNull: false min: 1024 max: 2048 sum: 3072",
+        stats[3].toString());
+
+    StripeStatistics ss = reader.getStripeStatistics().get(0);
+    assertEquals(2, ss.getColumnStatistics()[0].getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(1, ((BooleanColumnStatistics) ss.getColumnStatistics()[1]).getTrueCount());
+    assertEquals(1024, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) ss.getColumnStatistics()[3]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals(2048, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) ss.getColumnStatistics()[3]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals(3072, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) ss.getColumnStatistics()[3]).getSum());
+    assertEquals(-15.0, ((DoubleColumnStatistics) stats[7]).getMinimum());
+    assertEquals(-5.0, ((DoubleColumnStatistics) stats[7]).getMaximum());
+    assertEquals(-20.0, ((DoubleColumnStatistics) stats[7]).getSum(), 0.00001);
+    assertEquals("count: 2 hasNull: false min: -15.0 max: -5.0 sum: -20.0",
+        stats[7].toString());
+
+    assertEquals("count: 2 hasNull: false min: bye max: hi sum: 5", stats[9].toString());
+
+    // check the inspectors
+    StructObjectInspector readerInspector =
+        (StructObjectInspector) reader.getObjectInspector();
+    assertEquals(ObjectInspector.Category.STRUCT,
+        readerInspector.getCategory());
+    assertEquals("struct<boolean1:boolean,byte1:tinyint,short1:smallint,"
+        + "int1:int,long1:bigint,float1:float,double1:double,bytes1:"
+        + "binary,string1:string,middle:struct<list:array<struct<int1:int,"
+        + "string1:string>>>,list:array<struct<int1:int,string1:string>>,"
+        + "map:map<string,struct<int1:int,string1:string>>>",
+        readerInspector.getTypeName());
+    List<? extends StructField> fields =
+        readerInspector.getAllStructFieldRefs();
+    BooleanObjectInspector bo = (BooleanObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("boolean1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    ByteObjectInspector by = (ByteObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("byte1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    ShortObjectInspector sh = (ShortObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("short1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    IntObjectInspector in = (IntObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("int1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    LongObjectInspector lo = (LongObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("long1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    FloatObjectInspector fl = (FloatObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("float1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    DoubleObjectInspector dbl = (DoubleObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("double1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    BinaryObjectInspector bi = (BinaryObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("bytes1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    StringObjectInspector st = (StringObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("string1").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    StructObjectInspector mid = (StructObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("middle").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    List<? extends StructField> midFields =
+        mid.getAllStructFieldRefs();
+    ListObjectInspector midli =
+        (ListObjectInspector) midFields.get(0).getFieldObjectInspector();
+    StructObjectInspector inner = (StructObjectInspector)
+        midli.getListElementObjectInspector();
+    List<? extends StructField> inFields = inner.getAllStructFieldRefs();
+    ListObjectInspector li = (ListObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("list").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    MapObjectInspector ma = (MapObjectInspector) readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldRef("map").getFieldObjectInspector();
+    StringObjectInspector mk = (StringObjectInspector)
+        ma.getMapKeyObjectInspector();
+    RecordReader rows = reader.rows();
+    Object row = rows.next(null);
+    assertNotNull(row);
+    // check the contents of the first row
+    assertEquals(false,
+        bo.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals(1, by.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(1024, sh.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(2))));
+    assertEquals(65536, in.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(3))));
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, lo.get(readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(4))));
+    assertEquals(1.0, fl.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(5))), 0.00001);
+    assertEquals(-15.0, dbl.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(6))), 0.00001);
+    assertEquals(bytes(0,1,2,3,4), bi.getPrimitiveWritableObject(
+        readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(7))));
+    assertEquals("hi", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(8))));
+    List<?> midRow = midli.getList(mid.getStructFieldData(readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(9)), midFields.get(0)));
+    assertNotNull(midRow);
+    assertEquals(2, midRow.size());
+    assertEquals(1, in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(midRow.get(0),
+        inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("bye", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData
+        (midRow.get(0), inFields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(2, in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(midRow.get(1),
+        inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("sigh", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData
+        (midRow.get(1), inFields.get(1))));
+    List<?> list = li.getList(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(10)));
+    assertEquals(2, list.size());
+    assertEquals(3, in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(list.get(0),
+        inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("good", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData
+        (list.get(0), inFields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(4, in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(list.get(1),
+        inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("bad", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData
+        (list.get(1), inFields.get(1))));
+    Map<?,?> map = ma.getMap(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(11)));
+    assertEquals(0, map.size());
+
+    // check the contents of second row
+    assertEquals(true, rows.hasNext());
+    row = rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(true,
+        bo.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals(100, by.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(2048, sh.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(2))));
+    assertEquals(65536, in.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(3))));
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, lo.get(readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(4))));
+    assertEquals(2.0, fl.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(5))), 0.00001);
+    assertEquals(-5.0, dbl.get(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(6))), 0.00001);
+    assertEquals(bytes(), bi.getPrimitiveWritableObject(
+        readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(7))));
+    assertEquals("bye", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(8))));
+    midRow = midli.getList(mid.getStructFieldData(readerInspector.
+        getStructFieldData(row, fields.get(9)), midFields.get(0)));
+    assertNotNull(midRow);
+    assertEquals(2, midRow.size());
+    assertEquals(1, in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(midRow.get(0),
+        inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("bye", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData
+        (midRow.get(0), inFields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(2, in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(midRow.get(1),
+        inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("sigh", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData
+        (midRow.get(1), inFields.get(1))));
+    list = li.getList(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(10)));
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertEquals(100000000, in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(list.get(0),
+        inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("cat", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData
+        (list.get(0), inFields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(-100000, in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(list.get(1),
+        inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("in", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData
+        (list.get(1), inFields.get(1))));
+    assertEquals(1234, in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(list.get(2),
+        inFields.get(0))));
+    assertEquals("hat", st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(inner.getStructFieldData
+        (list.get(2), inFields.get(1))));
+    map = ma.getMap(readerInspector.getStructFieldData(row,
+        fields.get(11)));
+    assertEquals(2, map.size());
+    boolean[] found = new boolean[2];
+    for(Object key: map.keySet()) {
+      String str = mk.getPrimitiveJavaObject(key);
+      if (str.equals("chani")) {
+        assertEquals(false, found[0]);
+        assertEquals(5, in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(map.get(key),
+            inFields.get(0))));
+        assertEquals(str, st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(
+            inner.getStructFieldData(map.get(key), inFields.get(1))));
+        found[0] = true;
+      } else if (str.equals("mauddib")) {
+        assertEquals(false, found[1]);
+        assertEquals(1, in.get(inner.getStructFieldData(map.get(key),
+            inFields.get(0))));
+        assertEquals(str, st.getPrimitiveJavaObject(
+            inner.getStructFieldData(map.get(key), inFields.get(1))));
+        found[1] = true;
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown key " + str);
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(true, found[0]);
+    assertEquals(true, found[1]);
+
+    // handle the close up
+    assertEquals(false, rows.hasNext());
+    rows.close();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testColumnProjection() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = createInnerSchema();
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+                                         OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+                                         .setSchema(schema)
+                                         .stripeSize(1000)
+                                         .compress(CompressionKind.NONE)
+                                         .bufferSize(100)
+                                         .rowIndexStride(1000));
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    Random r1 = new Random(1);
+    Random r2 = new Random(2);
+    int x;
+    int minInt=0, maxInt=0;
+    String y;
+    String minStr = null, maxStr = null;
+    batch.size = 1000;
+    boolean first = true;
+    for(int b=0; b < 21; ++b) {
+      for(int r=0; r < 1000; ++r) {
+        x = r1.nextInt();
+        y = Long.toHexString(r2.nextLong());
+        if (first || x < minInt) {
+          minInt = x;
+        }
+        if (first || x > maxInt) {
+          maxInt = x;
+        }
+        if (first || y.compareTo(minStr) < 0) {
+          minStr = y;
+        }
+        if (first || y.compareTo(maxStr) > 0) {
+          maxStr = y;
+        }
+        first = false;
+        ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[0]).vector[r] = x;
+        ((BytesColumnVector) batch.cols[1]).setVal(r, y.getBytes());
+      }
+      writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    }
+    writer.close();
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+
+    // check out the statistics
+    ColumnStatistics[] stats = reader.getStatistics();
+    assertEquals(3, stats.length);
+    for(ColumnStatistics s: stats) {
+      assertEquals(21000, s.getNumberOfValues());
+      if (s instanceof IntegerColumnStatistics) {
+        assertEquals(minInt, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) s).getMinimum());
+        assertEquals(maxInt, ((IntegerColumnStatistics) s).getMaximum());
+      } else if (s instanceof  StringColumnStatistics) {
+        assertEquals(maxStr, ((StringColumnStatistics) s).getMaximum());
+        assertEquals(minStr, ((StringColumnStatistics) s).getMinimum());
+      }
+    }
+
+    // check out the types
+    List<OrcProto.Type> types = reader.getTypes();
+    assertEquals(3, types.size());
+    assertEquals(OrcProto.Type.Kind.STRUCT, types.get(0).getKind());
+    assertEquals(2, types.get(0).getSubtypesCount());
+    assertEquals(1, types.get(0).getSubtypes(0));
+    assertEquals(2, types.get(0).getSubtypes(1));
+    assertEquals(OrcProto.Type.Kind.INT, types.get(1).getKind());
+    assertEquals(0, types.get(1).getSubtypesCount());
+    assertEquals(OrcProto.Type.Kind.STRING, types.get(2).getKind());
+    assertEquals(0, types.get(2).getSubtypesCount());
+
+    // read the contents and make sure they match
+    RecordReader rows1 = reader.rows(new boolean[]{true, true, false});
+    RecordReader rows2 = reader.rows(new boolean[]{true, false, true});
+    r1 = new Random(1);
+    r2 = new Random(2);
+    OrcStruct row1 = null;
+    OrcStruct row2 = null;
+    for(int i = 0; i < 21000; ++i) {
+      assertEquals(true, rows1.hasNext());
+      assertEquals(true, rows2.hasNext());
+      row1 = (OrcStruct) rows1.next(row1);
+      row2 = (OrcStruct) rows2.next(row2);
+      assertEquals(r1.nextInt(), ((IntWritable) row1.getFieldValue(0)).get());
+      assertEquals(Long.toHexString(r2.nextLong()),
+          row2.getFieldValue(1).toString());
+    }
+    assertEquals(false, rows1.hasNext());
+    assertEquals(false, rows2.hasNext());
+    rows1.close();
+    rows2.close();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyFile() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = createBigRowSchema();
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+                                         OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+                                         .setSchema(schema)
+                                         .stripeSize(1000)
+                                         .compress(CompressionKind.NONE)
+                                         .bufferSize(100));
+    writer.close();
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+    assertEquals(false, reader.rows().hasNext());
+    assertEquals(CompressionKind.NONE, reader.getCompression());
+    assertEquals(0, reader.getNumberOfRows());
+    assertEquals(0, reader.getCompressionSize());
+    assertEquals(false, reader.getMetadataKeys().iterator().hasNext());
+    assertEquals(3, reader.getContentLength());
+    assertEquals(false, reader.getStripes().iterator().hasNext());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void metaData() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = createBigRowSchema();
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+            .setSchema(schema)
+            .stripeSize(1000)
+            .compress(CompressionKind.NONE)
+            .bufferSize(100));
+    writer.addUserMetadata("my.meta", byteBuf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, -1, -2, 127,
+                                              -128));
+    writer.addUserMetadata("clobber", byteBuf(1, 2, 3));
+    writer.addUserMetadata("clobber", byteBuf(4, 3, 2, 1));
+    ByteBuffer bigBuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(40000);
+    Random random = new Random(0);
+    random.nextBytes(bigBuf.array());
+    writer.addUserMetadata("big", bigBuf);
+    bigBuf.position(0);
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    batch.size = 1;
+    setBigRow(batch, 0, true, (byte) 127, (short) 1024, 42,
+        42L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, (float) 3.1415, -2.713, null,
+        null, null, null, null);
+    writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    writer.addUserMetadata("clobber", byteBuf(5,7,11,13,17,19));
+    writer.close();
+
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+    assertEquals(byteBuf(5,7,11,13,17,19), reader.getMetadataValue("clobber"));
+    assertEquals(byteBuf(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,-1,-2,127,-128),
+        reader.getMetadataValue("my.meta"));
+    assertEquals(bigBuf, reader.getMetadataValue("big"));
+    try {
+      reader.getMetadataValue("unknown");
+      assertTrue(false);
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
+      // PASS
+    }
+    int i = 0;
+    for(String key: reader.getMetadataKeys()) {
+      if ("my.meta".equals(key) ||
+          "clobber".equals(key) ||
+          "big".equals(key)) {
+        i += 1;
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknown key " + key);
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, i);
+    int numStripes = reader.getStripeStatistics().size();
+    assertEquals(1, numStripes);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generate an ORC file with a range of dates and times.
+   */
+  public void createOrcDateFile(Path file, int minYear, int maxYear
+                                ) throws IOException {
+    TypeDescription schema = TypeDescription.createStruct()
+        .addField("time", TypeDescription.createTimestamp())
+        .addField("date", TypeDescription.createDate());
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(file,
+        OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+            .setSchema(schema)
+            .stripeSize(100000)
+            .bufferSize(10000)
+            .blockPadding(false));
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    batch.size = 1000;
+    for (int year = minYear; year < maxYear; ++year) {
+      for (int ms = 1000; ms < 2000; ++ms) {
+        ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[0]).vector[ms - 1000] =
+            TimestampUtils.getTimeNanoSec(Timestamp.valueOf(year +
+                "-05-05 12:34:56." + ms));
+        ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[1]).vector[ms - 1000] =
+            new DateWritable(new Date(year - 1900, 11, 25)).getDays();
+      }
+      writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    }
+    writer.close();
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(file,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf));
+    RecordReader rows = reader.rows();
+    OrcStruct row = null;
+    for (int year = minYear; year < maxYear; ++year) {
+      for(int ms = 1000; ms < 2000; ++ms) {
+        row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+        assertEquals(new TimestampWritable
+                (Timestamp.valueOf(year + "-05-05 12:34:56." + ms)),
+            row.getFieldValue(0));
+        assertEquals(new DateWritable(new Date(year - 1900, 11, 25)),
+            row.getFieldValue(1));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDate1900() throws Exception {
+    createOrcDateFile(testFilePath, 1900, 1970);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDate2038() throws Exception {
+    createOrcDateFile(testFilePath, 2038, 2250);
+  }
+
+  private static void setUnion(VectorizedRowBatch batch, int rowId,
+                               Timestamp ts, Integer tag, Integer i, String s,
+                               HiveDecimalWritable dec) {
+    UnionColumnVector union = (UnionColumnVector) batch.cols[1];
+    if (ts != null) {
+      ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[0]).vector[rowId] =
+          TimestampUtils.getTimeNanoSec(ts);
+    } else {
+      batch.cols[0].isNull[rowId] = true;
+      batch.cols[0].noNulls = false;
+    }
+    if (tag != null) {
+      union.tags[rowId] = tag;
+      if (tag == 0) {
+        if (i != null) {
+          ((LongColumnVector) union.fields[tag]).vector[rowId] = i;
+        } else {
+          union.fields[tag].isNull[rowId] = true;
+          union.fields[tag].noNulls = false;
+        }
+      } else if (tag == 1) {
+        if (s != null) {
+          ((BytesColumnVector) union.fields[tag]).setVal(rowId, s.getBytes());
+        } else {
+          union.fields[tag].isNull[rowId] = true;
+          union.fields[tag].noNulls = false;
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad tag " + tag);
+      }
+    } else {
+      batch.cols[1].isNull[rowId] = true;
+      batch.cols[1].noNulls = false;
+    }
+    if (dec != null) {
+      ((DecimalColumnVector) batch.cols[2]).vector[rowId] = dec;
+    } else {
+      batch.cols[2].isNull[rowId] = true;
+      batch.cols[2].noNulls = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+     * We test union, timestamp, and decimal separately since we need to make the
+     * object inspector manually. (The Hive reflection-based doesn't handle
+     * them properly.)
+     */
+  @Test
+  public void testUnionAndTimestamp() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = TypeDescription.createStruct()
+        .addField("time", TypeDescription.createTimestamp())
+        .addField("union", TypeDescription.createUnion()
+            .addUnionChild(TypeDescription.createInt())
+            .addUnionChild(TypeDescription.createString()))
+        .addField("decimal", TypeDescription.createDecimal()
+            .withPrecision(38)
+            .withScale(18));
+    HiveDecimal maxValue = HiveDecimal.create("10000000000000000000");
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+                                         OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+                                         .setSchema(schema)
+                                         .stripeSize(1000)
+                                         .compress(CompressionKind.NONE)
+                                         .bufferSize(100)
+                                         .blockPadding(false));
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    batch.size = 6;
+    setUnion(batch, 0, Timestamp.valueOf("2000-03-12 15:00:00"), 0, 42, null,
+             new HiveDecimalWritable("12345678.6547456"));
+    setUnion(batch, 1, Timestamp.valueOf("2000-03-20 12:00:00.123456789"),
+        1, null, "hello", new HiveDecimalWritable("-5643.234"));
+
+    setUnion(batch, 2, null, null, null, null, null);
+    setUnion(batch, 3, null, 0, null, null, null);
+    setUnion(batch, 4, null, 1, null, null, null);
+
+    setUnion(batch, 5, Timestamp.valueOf("1970-01-01 00:00:00"), 0, 200000,
+        null, new HiveDecimalWritable("10000000000000000000"));
+    writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+
+    batch.reset();
+    Random rand = new Random(42);
+    for(int i=1970; i < 2038; ++i) {
+      Timestamp ts = Timestamp.valueOf(i + "-05-05 12:34:56." + i);
+      HiveDecimal dec =
+          HiveDecimal.create(new BigInteger(64, rand), rand.nextInt(18));
+      if ((i & 1) == 0) {
+        setUnion(batch, batch.size++, ts, 0, i*i, null,
+            new HiveDecimalWritable(dec));
+      } else {
+        setUnion(batch, batch.size++, ts, 1, null, Integer.toString(i*i),
+            new HiveDecimalWritable(dec));
+      }
+      if (maxValue.compareTo(dec) < 0) {
+        maxValue = dec;
+      }
+    }
+    writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    batch.reset();
+
+    // let's add a lot of constant rows to test the rle
+    batch.size = 1000;
+    for(int c=0; c < batch.cols.length; ++c) {
+      batch.cols[c].setRepeating(true);
+    }
+    setUnion(batch, 0, null, 0, 1732050807, null, null);
+    for(int i=0; i < 5; ++i) {
+      writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    }
+
+    batch.reset();
+    batch.size = 3;
+    setUnion(batch, 0, null, 0, 0, null, null);
+    setUnion(batch, 1, null, 0, 10, null, null);
+    setUnion(batch, 2, null, 0, 138, null, null);
+    writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    writer.close();
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+
+    schema = writer.getSchema();
+    assertEquals(5, schema.getMaximumId());
+    boolean[] expected = new boolean[] {false, false, false, false, false, false};
+    boolean[] included = OrcUtils.includeColumns("", schema);
+    assertEquals(true, Arrays.equals(expected, included));
+
+    expected = new boolean[] {false, true, false, false, false, true};
+    included = OrcUtils.includeColumns("time,decimal", schema);
+    assertEquals(true, Arrays.equals(expected, included));
+
+    expected = new boolean[] {false, false, true, true, true, false};
+    included = OrcUtils.includeColumns("union", schema);
+    assertEquals(true, Arrays.equals(expected, included));
+
+    assertEquals(false, reader.getMetadataKeys().iterator().hasNext());
+    assertEquals(5077, reader.getNumberOfRows());
+    DecimalColumnStatistics stats =
+        (DecimalColumnStatistics) reader.getStatistics()[5];
+    assertEquals(71, stats.getNumberOfValues());
+    assertEquals(HiveDecimal.create("-5643.234"), stats.getMinimum());
+    assertEquals(maxValue, stats.getMaximum());
+    // TODO: fix this
+//    assertEquals(null,stats.getSum());
+    int stripeCount = 0;
+    int rowCount = 0;
+    long currentOffset = -1;
+    for(StripeInformation stripe: reader.getStripes()) {
+      stripeCount += 1;
+      rowCount += stripe.getNumberOfRows();
+      if (currentOffset < 0) {
+        currentOffset = stripe.getOffset() + stripe.getLength();
+      } else {
+        assertEquals(currentOffset, stripe.getOffset());
+        currentOffset += stripe.getLength();
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(reader.getNumberOfRows(), rowCount);
+    assertEquals(2, stripeCount);
+    assertEquals(reader.getContentLength(), currentOffset);
+    RecordReader rows = reader.rows();
+    assertEquals(0, rows.getRowNumber());
+    assertEquals(0.0, rows.getProgress(), 0.000001);
+    assertEquals(true, rows.hasNext());
+    OrcStruct row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(null);
+    assertEquals(1, rows.getRowNumber());
+    ObjectInspector inspector = reader.getObjectInspector();
+    assertEquals("struct<time:timestamp,union:uniontype<int,string>,decimal:decimal(38,18)>",
+        inspector.getTypeName());
+    assertEquals(new TimestampWritable(Timestamp.valueOf("2000-03-12 15:00:00")),
+        row.getFieldValue(0));
+    OrcUnion union = (OrcUnion) row.getFieldValue(1);
+    assertEquals(0, union.getTag());
+    assertEquals(new IntWritable(42), union.getObject());
+    assertEquals(new HiveDecimalWritable(HiveDecimal.create("12345678.6547456")),
+        row.getFieldValue(2));
+    row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(2, rows.getRowNumber());
+    assertEquals(new TimestampWritable(Timestamp.valueOf("2000-03-20 12:00:00.123456789")),
+        row.getFieldValue(0));
+    assertEquals(1, union.getTag());
+    assertEquals(new Text("hello"), union.getObject());
+    assertEquals(new HiveDecimalWritable(HiveDecimal.create("-5643.234")),
+        row.getFieldValue(2));
+    row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(null, row.getFieldValue(0));
+    assertEquals(null, row.getFieldValue(1));
+    assertEquals(null, row.getFieldValue(2));
+    row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(null, row.getFieldValue(0));
+    union = (OrcUnion) row.getFieldValue(1);
+    assertEquals(0, union.getTag());
+    assertEquals(null, union.getObject());
+    assertEquals(null, row.getFieldValue(2));
+    row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(null, row.getFieldValue(0));
+    assertEquals(1, union.getTag());
+    assertEquals(null, union.getObject());
+    assertEquals(null, row.getFieldValue(2));
+    row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(new TimestampWritable(Timestamp.valueOf("1970-01-01 00:00:00")),
+        row.getFieldValue(0));
+    assertEquals(new IntWritable(200000), union.getObject());
+    assertEquals(new HiveDecimalWritable(HiveDecimal.create("10000000000000000000")),
+                 row.getFieldValue(2));
+    rand = new Random(42);
+    for(int i=1970; i < 2038; ++i) {
+      row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+      assertEquals(new TimestampWritable(Timestamp.valueOf(i + "-05-05 12:34:56." + i)),
+          row.getFieldValue(0));
+      if ((i & 1) == 0) {
+        assertEquals(0, union.getTag());
+        assertEquals(new IntWritable(i*i), union.getObject());
+      } else {
+        assertEquals(1, union.getTag());
+        assertEquals(new Text(Integer.toString(i * i)), union.getObject());
+      }
+      assertEquals(new HiveDecimalWritable(HiveDecimal.create(new BigInteger(64, rand),
+                                   rand.nextInt(18))), row.getFieldValue(2));
+    }
+    for(int i=0; i < 5000; ++i) {
+      row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+      assertEquals(new IntWritable(1732050807), union.getObject());
+    }
+    row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(new IntWritable(0), union.getObject());
+    row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(new IntWritable(10), union.getObject());
+    row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(new IntWritable(138), union.getObject());
+    assertEquals(false, rows.hasNext());
+    assertEquals(1.0, rows.getProgress(), 0.00001);
+    assertEquals(reader.getNumberOfRows(), rows.getRowNumber());
+    rows.seekToRow(1);
+    row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+    assertEquals(new TimestampWritable(Timestamp.valueOf("2000-03-20 12:00:00.123456789")),
+        row.getFieldValue(0));
+    assertEquals(1, union.getTag());
+    assertEquals(new Text("hello"), union.getObject());
+    assertEquals(new HiveDecimalWritable(HiveDecimal.create("-5643.234")), row.getFieldValue(2));
+    rows.close();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read and write a randomly generated snappy file.
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testSnappy() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = createInnerSchema();
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+                                         OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+                                         .setSchema(schema)
+                                         .stripeSize(1000)
+                                         .compress(CompressionKind.SNAPPY)
+                                         .bufferSize(100));
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    Random rand = new Random(12);
+    batch.size = 1000;
+    for(int b=0; b < 10; ++b) {
+      for (int r=0; r < 1000; ++r) {
+        ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[0]).vector[r] = rand.nextInt();
+        ((BytesColumnVector) batch.cols[1]).setVal(r,
+            Integer.toHexString(rand.nextInt()).getBytes());
+      }
+      writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    }
+    writer.close();
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+    RecordReader rows = reader.rows();
+    rand = new Random(12);
+    OrcStruct row = null;
+    for(int i=0; i < 10000; ++i) {
+      assertEquals(true, rows.hasNext());
+      row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+      assertEquals(rand.nextInt(), ((IntWritable) row.getFieldValue(0)).get());
+      assertEquals(Integer.toHexString(rand.nextInt()),
+          row.getFieldValue(1).toString());
+    }
+    assertEquals(false, rows.hasNext());
+    rows.close();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read and write a randomly generated snappy file.
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testWithoutIndex() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = createInnerSchema();
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+                                         OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+                                         .setSchema(schema)
+                                         .stripeSize(5000)
+                                         .compress(CompressionKind.SNAPPY)
+                                         .bufferSize(1000)
+                                         .rowIndexStride(0));
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    Random rand = new Random(24);
+    batch.size = 5;
+    for(int c=0; c < batch.cols.length; ++c) {
+      batch.cols[c].setRepeating(true);
+    }
+    for(int i=0; i < 10000; ++i) {
+      ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[0]).vector[0] = rand.nextInt();
+      ((BytesColumnVector) batch.cols[1])
+          .setVal(0, Integer.toBinaryString(rand.nextInt()).getBytes());
+      writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    }
+    writer.close();
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+    assertEquals(50000, reader.getNumberOfRows());
+    assertEquals(0, reader.getRowIndexStride());
+    StripeInformation stripe = reader.getStripes().iterator().next();
+    assertEquals(true, stripe.getDataLength() != 0);
+    assertEquals(0, stripe.getIndexLength());
+    RecordReader rows = reader.rows();
+    rand = new Random(24);
+    OrcStruct row = null;
+    for(int i=0; i < 10000; ++i) {
+      int intVal = rand.nextInt();
+      String strVal = Integer.toBinaryString(rand.nextInt());
+      for(int j=0; j < 5; ++j) {
+        assertEquals(true, rows.hasNext());
+        row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+        assertEquals(intVal, ((IntWritable) row.getFieldValue(0)).get());
+        assertEquals(strVal, row.getFieldValue(1).toString());
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(false, rows.hasNext());
+    rows.close();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSeek() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = createBigRowSchema();
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+                                         OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+                                         .setSchema(schema)
+                                         .stripeSize(200000)
+                                         .bufferSize(65536)
+                                         .rowIndexStride(1000));
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    Random rand = new Random(42);
+    final int COUNT=32768;
+    long[] intValues= new long[COUNT];
+    double[] doubleValues = new double[COUNT];
+    String[] stringValues = new String[COUNT];
+    BytesWritable[] byteValues = new BytesWritable[COUNT];
+    String[] words = new String[128];
+    for(int i=0; i < words.length; ++i) {
+      words[i] = Integer.toHexString(rand.nextInt());
+    }
+    for(int i=0; i < COUNT/2; ++i) {
+      intValues[2*i] = rand.nextLong();
+      intValues[2*i+1] = intValues[2*i];
+      stringValues[2*i] = words[rand.nextInt(words.length)];
+      stringValues[2*i+1] = stringValues[2*i];
+    }
+    for(int i=0; i < COUNT; ++i) {
+      doubleValues[i] = rand.nextDouble();
+      byte[] buf = new byte[20];
+      rand.nextBytes(buf);
+      byteValues[i] = new BytesWritable(buf);
+    }
+    for(int i=0; i < COUNT; ++i) {
+      appendRandomRow(batch, intValues, doubleValues, stringValues,
+          byteValues, words, i);
+      if (batch.size == 1024) {
+        writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+        batch.reset();
+      }
+    }
+    if (batch.size != 0) {
+      writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    }
+    writer.close();
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+    assertEquals(COUNT, reader.getNumberOfRows());
+    RecordReader rows = reader.rows();
+    // get the row index
+    MetadataReader meta = ((RecordReaderImpl) rows).getMetadataReader();
+    RecordReaderImpl.Index index =
+        meta.readRowIndex(reader.getStripes().get(0), null, null, null, null,
+            null);
+    // check the primitive columns to make sure they have the right number of
+    // items in the first row group
+    for(int c=1; c < 9; ++c) {
+      OrcProto.RowIndex colIndex = index.getRowGroupIndex()[c];
+      assertEquals(1000,
+          colIndex.getEntry(0).getStatistics().getNumberOfValues());
+    }
+    OrcStruct row = null;
+    for(int i=COUNT-1; i >= 0; --i) {
+      rows.seekToRow(i);
+      row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+      BigRow expected = createRandomRow(intValues, doubleValues,
+          stringValues, byteValues, words, i);
+      assertEquals(expected.boolean1.booleanValue(),
+          ((BooleanWritable) row.getFieldValue(0)).get());
+      assertEquals(expected.byte1.byteValue(),
+          ((ByteWritable) row.getFieldValue(1)).get());
+      assertEquals(expected.short1.shortValue(),
+          ((ShortWritable) row.getFieldValue(2)).get());
+      assertEquals(expected.int1.intValue(),
+          ((IntWritable) row.getFieldValue(3)).get());
+      assertEquals(expected.long1.longValue(),
+          ((LongWritable) row.getFieldValue(4)).get());
+      assertEquals(expected.float1,
+          ((FloatWritable) row.getFieldValue(5)).get(), 0.0001);
+      assertEquals(expected.double1,
+          ((DoubleWritable) row.getFieldValue(6)).get(), 0.0001);
+      assertEquals(expected.bytes1, row.getFieldValue(7));
+      assertEquals(expected.string1, row.getFieldValue(8));
+      List<InnerStruct> expectedList = expected.middle.list;
+      List<OrcStruct> actualList =
+          (List<OrcStruct>) ((OrcStruct) row.getFieldValue(9)).getFieldValue(0);
+      compareList(expectedList, actualList, "middle list " + i);
+      compareList(expected.list, (List<OrcStruct>) row.getFieldValue(10),
+          "list " + i);
+    }
+    rows.close();
+    Iterator<StripeInformation> stripeIterator =
+      reader.getStripes().iterator();
+    long offsetOfStripe2 = 0;
+    long offsetOfStripe4 = 0;
+    long lastRowOfStripe2 = 0;
+    for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
+      StripeInformation stripe = stripeIterator.next();
+      if (i < 2) {
+        lastRowOfStripe2 += stripe.getNumberOfRows();
+      } else if (i == 2) {
+        offsetOfStripe2 = stripe.getOffset();
+        lastRowOfStripe2 += stripe.getNumberOfRows() - 1;
+      } else if (i == 4) {
+        offsetOfStripe4 = stripe.getOffset();
+      }
+    }
+    boolean[] columns = new boolean[reader.getStatistics().length];
+    columns[5] = true; // long colulmn
+    columns[9] = true; // text column
+    rows = reader.rowsOptions(new Reader.Options()
+        .range(offsetOfStripe2, offsetOfStripe4 - offsetOfStripe2)
+        .include(columns));
+    rows.seekToRow(lastRowOfStripe2);
+    for(int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+      BigRow expected = createRandomRow(intValues, doubleValues,
+                                        stringValues, byteValues, words,
+                                        (int) (lastRowOfStripe2 + i));
+
+      assertEquals(expected.long1.longValue(),
+          ((LongWritable) row.getFieldValue(4)).get());
+      assertEquals(expected.string1, row.getFieldValue(8));
+    }
+    rows.close();
+  }
+
+  private void compareInner(InnerStruct expect,
+                            OrcStruct actual,
+                            String context) throws Exception {
+    if (expect == null || actual == null) {
+      assertEquals(context, null, expect);
+      assertEquals(context, null, actual);
+    } else {
+      assertEquals(context, expect.int1,
+          ((IntWritable) actual.getFieldValue(0)).get());
+      assertEquals(context, expect.string1, actual.getFieldValue(1));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void compareList(List<InnerStruct> expect,
+                           List<OrcStruct> actual,
+                           String context) throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(context, expect.size(), actual.size());
+    for(int j=0; j < expect.size(); ++j) {
+      compareInner(expect.get(j), actual.get(j), context + " at " + j);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void appendRandomRow(VectorizedRowBatch batch,
+                               long[] intValues, double[] doubleValues,
+                               String[] stringValues,
+                               BytesWritable[] byteValues,
+                               String[] words, int i) {
+    InnerStruct inner = new InnerStruct((int) intValues[i], stringValues[i]);
+    InnerStruct inner2 = new InnerStruct((int) (intValues[i] >> 32),
+        words[i % words.length] + "-x");
+    setBigRow(batch, batch.size++, (intValues[i] & 1) == 0, (byte) intValues[i],
+        (short) intValues[i], (int) intValues[i], intValues[i],
+        (float) doubleValues[i], doubleValues[i], byteValues[i], stringValues[i],
+        new MiddleStruct(inner, inner2), list(), map(inner, inner2));
+  }
+
+  private BigRow createRandomRow(long[] intValues, double[] doubleValues,
+                                 String[] stringValues,
+                                 BytesWritable[] byteValues,
+                                 String[] words, int i) {
+    InnerStruct inner = new InnerStruct((int) intValues[i], stringValues[i]);
+    InnerStruct inner2 = new InnerStruct((int) (intValues[i] >> 32),
+        words[i % words.length] + "-x");
+    return new BigRow((intValues[i] & 1) == 0, (byte) intValues[i],
+        (short) intValues[i], (int) intValues[i], intValues[i],
+        (float) doubleValues[i], doubleValues[i], byteValues[i],stringValues[i],
+        new MiddleStruct(inner, inner2), list(), map(inner,inner2));
+  }
+
+  private static class MyMemoryManager extends MemoryManager {
+    final long totalSpace;
+    double rate;
+    Path path = null;
+    long lastAllocation = 0;
+    int rows = 0;
+    Callback callback;
+
+    MyMemoryManager(Configuration conf, long totalSpace, double rate) {
+      super(conf);
+      this.totalSpace = totalSpace;
+      this.rate = rate;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void addWriter(Path path, long requestedAllocation,
+                   Callback callback) {
+      this.path = path;
+      this.lastAllocation = requestedAllocation;
+      this.callback = callback;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    synchronized void removeWriter(Path path) {
+      this.path = null;
+      this.lastAllocation = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    long getTotalMemoryPool() {
+      return totalSpace;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    double getAllocationScale() {
+      return rate;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void addedRow(int count) throws IOException {
+      rows += count;
+      if (rows % 100 == 0) {
+        callback.checkMemory(rate);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMemoryManagementV11() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = createInnerSchema();
+    MyMemoryManager memory = new MyMemoryManager(conf, 10000, 0.1);
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+            .setSchema(schema)
+            .compress(CompressionKind.NONE)
+            .stripeSize(50000)
+            .bufferSize(100)
+            .rowIndexStride(0)
+            .memory(memory)
+            .version(Version.V_0_11));
+    assertEquals(testFilePath, memory.path);
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    batch.size = 1;
+    for(int i=0; i < 2500; ++i) {
+      ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[0]).vector[0] = i * 300;
+      ((BytesColumnVector) batch.cols[1]).setVal(0,
+          Integer.toHexString(10*i).getBytes());
+      writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    }
+    writer.close();
+    assertEquals(null, memory.path);
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+    int i = 0;
+    for(StripeInformation stripe: reader.getStripes()) {
+      i += 1;
+      assertTrue("stripe " + i + " is too long at " + stripe.getDataLength(),
+          stripe.getDataLength() < 5000);
+    }
+    assertEquals(25, i);
+    assertEquals(2500, reader.getNumberOfRows());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMemoryManagementV12() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = createInnerSchema();
+    MyMemoryManager memory = new MyMemoryManager(conf, 10000, 0.1);
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+                                         OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+                                         .setSchema(schema)
+                                         .compress(CompressionKind.NONE)
+                                         .stripeSize(50000)
+                                         .bufferSize(100)
+                                         .rowIndexStride(0)
+                                         .memory(memory)
+                                         .version(Version.V_0_12));
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    assertEquals(testFilePath, memory.path);
+    batch.size = 1;
+    for(int i=0; i < 2500; ++i) {
+      ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[0]).vector[0] = i * 300;
+      ((BytesColumnVector) batch.cols[1]).setVal(0,
+          Integer.toHexString(10*i).getBytes());
+      writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    }
+    writer.close();
+    assertEquals(null, memory.path);
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+    int i = 0;
+    for(StripeInformation stripe: reader.getStripes()) {
+      i += 1;
+      assertTrue("stripe " + i + " is too long at " + stripe.getDataLength(),
+          stripe.getDataLength() < 5000);
+    }
+    // with HIVE-7832, the dictionaries will be disabled after writing the first
+    // stripe as there are too many distinct values. Hence only 4 stripes as
+    // compared to 25 stripes in version 0.11 (above test case)
+    assertEquals(4, i);
+    assertEquals(2500, reader.getNumberOfRows());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testPredicatePushdown() throws Exception {
+    TypeDescription schema = createInnerSchema();
+    Writer writer = OrcFile.createWriter(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.writerOptions(conf)
+            .setSchema(schema)
+            .stripeSize(400000L)
+            .compress(CompressionKind.NONE)
+            .bufferSize(500)
+            .rowIndexStride(1000));
+    VectorizedRowBatch batch = schema.createRowBatch();
+    batch.ensureSize(3500);
+    batch.size = 3500;
+    for(int i=0; i < 3500; ++i) {
+      ((LongColumnVector) batch.cols[0]).vector[i] = i * 300;
+      ((BytesColumnVector) batch.cols[1]).setVal(i,
+          Integer.toHexString(10*i).getBytes());
+    }
+    writer.addRowBatch(batch);
+    writer.close();
+    Reader reader = OrcFile.createReader(testFilePath,
+        OrcFile.readerOptions(conf).filesystem(fs));
+    assertEquals(3500, reader.getNumberOfRows());
+
+    SearchArgument sarg = SearchArgumentFactory.newBuilder()
+        .startAnd()
+          .startNot()
+             .lessThan("int1", PredicateLeaf.Type.LONG, 300000L)
+          .end()
+          .lessThan("int1", PredicateLeaf.Type.LONG, 600000L)
+        .end()
+        .build();
+    RecordReader rows = reader.rowsOptions(new Reader.Options()
+        .range(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE)
+        .include(new boolean[]{true, true, true})
+        .searchArgument(sarg, new String[]{null, "int1", "string1"}));
+    assertEquals(1000L, rows.getRowNumber());
+    OrcStruct row = null;
+    for(int i=1000; i < 2000; ++i) {
+      assertTrue(rows.hasNext());
+      row = (OrcStruct) rows.next(row);
+      assertEquals(300 * i, ((IntWritable) row.getFieldValue(0)).get());
+      assertEquals(Integer.toHexString(10*i), row.getFieldValue(1).toString());
+    }
+    assertTrue(!rows.hasNext());
+    assertEquals(3500, rows.getRowNumb

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