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Posted to commits@hawq.apache.org by es...@apache.org on 2016/09/20 10:15:37 UTC
[1/2] incubator-hawq git commit: Revert "HAWQ-1062. Remove ASF
incompatible Perl JSON module"
Repository: incubator-hawq
Updated Branches:
refs/heads/master 08ed4bc39 -> 98f7e8e93
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/blob/98f7e8e9/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP.pm
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP.pm b/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8017a23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,2191 @@
+package JSON::PP;
+
+# JSON-2.0
+
+use 5.005;
+use strict;
+use base qw(Exporter);
+use overload ();
+
+use Carp ();
+use B ();
+#use Devel::Peek;
+
+$JSON::PP::VERSION = '2.27008';
+
+@JSON::PP::EXPORT = qw(encode_json decode_json from_json to_json);
+
+# instead of hash-access, i tried index-access for speed.
+# but this method is not faster than what i expected. so it will be changed.
+
+use constant P_ASCII => 0;
+use constant P_LATIN1 => 1;
+use constant P_UTF8 => 2;
+use constant P_INDENT => 3;
+use constant P_CANONICAL => 4;
+use constant P_SPACE_BEFORE => 5;
+use constant P_SPACE_AFTER => 6;
+use constant P_ALLOW_NONREF => 7;
+use constant P_SHRINK => 8;
+use constant P_ALLOW_BLESSED => 9;
+use constant P_CONVERT_BLESSED => 10;
+use constant P_RELAXED => 11;
+
+use constant P_LOOSE => 12;
+use constant P_ALLOW_BIGNUM => 13;
+use constant P_ALLOW_BAREKEY => 14;
+use constant P_ALLOW_SINGLEQUOTE => 15;
+use constant P_ESCAPE_SLASH => 16;
+use constant P_AS_NONBLESSED => 17;
+
+use constant P_ALLOW_UNKNOWN => 18;
+
+use constant OLD_PERL => $] < 5.008 ? 1 : 0;
+
+BEGIN {
+ my @xs_compati_bit_properties = qw(
+ latin1 ascii utf8 indent canonical space_before space_after allow_nonref shrink
+ allow_blessed convert_blessed relaxed allow_unknown
+ );
+ my @pp_bit_properties = qw(
+ allow_singlequote allow_bignum loose
+ allow_barekey escape_slash as_nonblessed
+ );
+
+ # Perl version check, Unicode handling is enable?
+ # Helper module sets @JSON::PP::_properties.
+
+ my $helper = $] >= 5.008 ? 'JSON::PP58'
+ : $] >= 5.006 ? 'JSON::PP56'
+ : 'JSON::PP5005'
+ ;
+
+ eval qq| require $helper |;
+ if ($@) { Carp::croak $@; }
+
+ for my $name (@xs_compati_bit_properties, @pp_bit_properties) {
+ my $flag_name = 'P_' . uc($name);
+
+ eval qq/
+ sub $name {
+ my \$enable = defined \$_[1] ? \$_[1] : 1;
+
+ if (\$enable) {
+ \$_[0]->{PROPS}->[$flag_name] = 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ \$_[0]->{PROPS}->[$flag_name] = 0;
+ }
+
+ \$_[0];
+ }
+
+ sub get_$name {
+ \$_[0]->{PROPS}->[$flag_name] ? 1 : '';
+ }
+ /;
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+
+# Functions
+
+my %encode_allow_method
+ = map {($_ => 1)} qw/utf8 pretty allow_nonref latin1 self_encode escape_slash
+ allow_blessed convert_blessed indent indent_length allow_bignum
+ as_nonblessed
+ /;
+my %decode_allow_method
+ = map {($_ => 1)} qw/utf8 allow_nonref loose allow_singlequote allow_bignum
+ allow_barekey max_size relaxed/;
+
+
+my $JSON; # cache
+
+sub encode_json ($) { # encode
+ ($JSON ||= __PACKAGE__->new->utf8)->encode(@_);
+}
+
+
+sub decode_json { # decode
+ ($JSON ||= __PACKAGE__->new->utf8)->decode(@_);
+}
+
+# Obsoleted
+
+sub to_json($) {
+ Carp::croak ("JSON::PP::to_json has been renamed to encode_json.");
+}
+
+
+sub from_json($) {
+ Carp::croak ("JSON::PP::from_json has been renamed to decode_json.");
+}
+
+
+# Methods
+
+sub new {
+ my $class = shift;
+ my $self = {
+ max_depth => 512,
+ max_size => 0,
+ indent => 0,
+ FLAGS => 0,
+ fallback => sub { encode_error('Invalid value. JSON can only reference.') },
+ indent_length => 3,
+ };
+
+ bless $self, $class;
+}
+
+
+sub encode {
+ return $_[0]->PP_encode_json($_[1]);
+}
+
+
+sub decode {
+ return $_[0]->PP_decode_json($_[1], 0x00000000);
+}
+
+
+sub decode_prefix {
+ return $_[0]->PP_decode_json($_[1], 0x00000001);
+}
+
+
+# accessor
+
+
+# pretty printing
+
+sub pretty {
+ my ($self, $v) = @_;
+ my $enable = defined $v ? $v : 1;
+
+ if ($enable) { # indent_length(3) for JSON::XS compatibility
+ $self->indent(1)->indent_length(3)->space_before(1)->space_after(1);
+ }
+ else {
+ $self->indent(0)->space_before(0)->space_after(0);
+ }
+
+ $self;
+}
+
+# etc
+
+sub max_depth {
+ my $max = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 0x80000000;
+ $_[0]->{max_depth} = $max;
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+
+sub get_max_depth { $_[0]->{max_depth}; }
+
+
+sub max_size {
+ my $max = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 0;
+ $_[0]->{max_size} = $max;
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+
+sub get_max_size { $_[0]->{max_size}; }
+
+
+sub filter_json_object {
+ $_[0]->{cb_object} = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 0;
+ $_[0]->{F_HOOK} = ($_[0]->{cb_object} or $_[0]->{cb_sk_object}) ? 1 : 0;
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+sub filter_json_single_key_object {
+ if (@_ > 1) {
+ $_[0]->{cb_sk_object}->{$_[1]} = $_[2];
+ }
+ $_[0]->{F_HOOK} = ($_[0]->{cb_object} or $_[0]->{cb_sk_object}) ? 1 : 0;
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+sub indent_length {
+ if (!defined $_[1] or $_[1] > 15 or $_[1] < 0) {
+ Carp::carp "The acceptable range of indent_length() is 0 to 15.";
+ }
+ else {
+ $_[0]->{indent_length} = $_[1];
+ }
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+sub get_indent_length {
+ $_[0]->{indent_length};
+}
+
+sub sort_by {
+ $_[0]->{sort_by} = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 1;
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+sub allow_bigint {
+ Carp::carp("allow_bigint() is obsoleted. use allow_bignum() insted.");
+}
+
+###############################
+
+###
+### Perl => JSON
+###
+
+
+{ # Convert
+
+ my $max_depth;
+ my $indent;
+ my $ascii;
+ my $latin1;
+ my $utf8;
+ my $space_before;
+ my $space_after;
+ my $canonical;
+ my $allow_blessed;
+ my $convert_blessed;
+
+ my $indent_length;
+ my $escape_slash;
+ my $bignum;
+ my $as_nonblessed;
+
+ my $depth;
+ my $indent_count;
+ my $keysort;
+
+
+ sub PP_encode_json {
+ my $self = shift;
+ my $obj = shift;
+
+ $indent_count = 0;
+ $depth = 0;
+
+ my $idx = $self->{PROPS};
+
+ ($ascii, $latin1, $utf8, $indent, $canonical, $space_before, $space_after, $allow_blessed,
+ $convert_blessed, $escape_slash, $bignum, $as_nonblessed)
+ = @{$idx}[P_ASCII .. P_SPACE_AFTER, P_ALLOW_BLESSED, P_CONVERT_BLESSED,
+ P_ESCAPE_SLASH, P_ALLOW_BIGNUM, P_AS_NONBLESSED];
+
+ ($max_depth, $indent_length) = @{$self}{qw/max_depth indent_length/};
+
+ $keysort = $canonical ? sub { $a cmp $b } : undef;
+
+ if ($self->{sort_by}) {
+ $keysort = ref($self->{sort_by}) eq 'CODE' ? $self->{sort_by}
+ : $self->{sort_by} =~ /\D+/ ? $self->{sort_by}
+ : sub { $a cmp $b };
+ }
+
+ encode_error("hash- or arrayref expected (not a simple scalar, use allow_nonref to allow this)")
+ if(!ref $obj and !$idx->[ P_ALLOW_NONREF ]);
+
+ my $str = $self->object_to_json($obj);
+
+ $str .= "\n" if ( $indent ); # JSON::XS 2.26 compatible
+
+ unless ($ascii or $latin1 or $utf8) {
+ utf8::upgrade($str);
+ }
+
+ if ($idx->[ P_SHRINK ]) {
+ utf8::downgrade($str, 1);
+ }
+
+ return $str;
+ }
+
+
+ sub object_to_json {
+ my ($self, $obj) = @_;
+ my $type = ref($obj);
+
+ if($type eq 'HASH'){
+ return $self->hash_to_json($obj);
+ }
+ elsif($type eq 'ARRAY'){
+ return $self->array_to_json($obj);
+ }
+ elsif ($type) { # blessed object?
+ if (blessed($obj)) {
+
+ return $self->value_to_json($obj) if ( $obj->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean') );
+
+ if ( $convert_blessed and $obj->can('TO_JSON') ) {
+ my $result = $obj->TO_JSON();
+ if ( defined $result and overload::Overloaded( $obj ) ) {
+ if ( overload::StrVal( $obj ) eq $result ) {
+ encode_error( sprintf(
+ "%s::TO_JSON method returned same object as was passed instead of a new one",
+ ref $obj
+ ) );
+ }
+ }
+
+ return $self->object_to_json( $result );
+ }
+
+ return "$obj" if ( $bignum and _is_bignum($obj) );
+ return $self->blessed_to_json($obj) if ($allow_blessed and $as_nonblessed); # will be removed.
+
+ encode_error( sprintf("encountered object '%s', but neither allow_blessed "
+ . "nor convert_blessed settings are enabled", $obj)
+ ) unless ($allow_blessed);
+
+ return 'null';
+ }
+ else {
+ return $self->value_to_json($obj);
+ }
+ }
+ else{
+ return $self->value_to_json($obj);
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub hash_to_json {
+ my ($self, $obj) = @_;
+ my @res;
+
+ encode_error("json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)")
+ if (++$depth > $max_depth);
+
+ my ($pre, $post) = $indent ? $self->_up_indent() : ('', '');
+ my $del = ($space_before ? ' ' : '') . ':' . ($space_after ? ' ' : '');
+
+ for my $k ( _sort( $obj ) ) {
+ if ( OLD_PERL ) { utf8::decode($k) } # key for Perl 5.6 / be optimized
+ push @res, string_to_json( $self, $k )
+ . $del
+ . ( $self->object_to_json( $obj->{$k} ) || $self->value_to_json( $obj->{$k} ) );
+ }
+
+ --$depth;
+ $self->_down_indent() if ($indent);
+
+ return '{' . ( @res ? $pre : '' ) . ( @res ? join( ",$pre", @res ) . $post : '' ) . '}';
+ }
+
+
+ sub array_to_json {
+ my ($self, $obj) = @_;
+ my @res;
+
+ encode_error("json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)")
+ if (++$depth > $max_depth);
+
+ my ($pre, $post) = $indent ? $self->_up_indent() : ('', '');
+
+ for my $v (@$obj){
+ push @res, $self->object_to_json($v) || $self->value_to_json($v);
+ }
+
+ --$depth;
+ $self->_down_indent() if ($indent);
+
+ return '[' . ( @res ? $pre : '' ) . ( @res ? join( ",$pre", @res ) . $post : '' ) . ']';
+ }
+
+
+ sub value_to_json {
+ my ($self, $value) = @_;
+
+ return 'null' if(!defined $value);
+
+ my $b_obj = B::svref_2object(\$value); # for round trip problem
+ my $flags = $b_obj->FLAGS;
+
+ return $value # as is
+ if $flags & ( B::SVp_IOK | B::SVp_NOK ) and !( $flags & B::SVp_POK ); # SvTYPE is IV or NV?
+
+ my $type = ref($value);
+
+ if(!$type){
+ return string_to_json($self, $value);
+ }
+ elsif( blessed($value) and $value->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean') ){
+ return $$value == 1 ? 'true' : 'false';
+ }
+ elsif ($type) {
+ if ((overload::StrVal($value) =~ /=(\w+)/)[0]) {
+ return $self->value_to_json("$value");
+ }
+
+ if ($type eq 'SCALAR' and defined $$value) {
+ return $$value eq '1' ? 'true'
+ : $$value eq '0' ? 'false'
+ : $self->{PROPS}->[ P_ALLOW_UNKNOWN ] ? 'null'
+ : encode_error("cannot encode reference to scalar");
+ }
+
+ if ( $self->{PROPS}->[ P_ALLOW_UNKNOWN ] ) {
+ return 'null';
+ }
+ else {
+ if ( $type eq 'SCALAR' or $type eq 'REF' ) {
+ encode_error("cannot encode reference to scalar");
+ }
+ else {
+ encode_error("encountered $value, but JSON can only represent references to arrays or hashes");
+ }
+ }
+
+ }
+ else {
+ return $self->{fallback}->($value)
+ if ($self->{fallback} and ref($self->{fallback}) eq 'CODE');
+ return 'null';
+ }
+
+ }
+
+
+ my %esc = (
+ "\n" => '\n',
+ "\r" => '\r',
+ "\t" => '\t',
+ "\f" => '\f',
+ "\b" => '\b',
+ "\"" => '\"',
+ "\\" => '\\\\',
+ "\'" => '\\\'',
+ );
+
+
+ sub string_to_json {
+ my ($self, $arg) = @_;
+
+ $arg =~ s/([\x22\x5c\n\r\t\f\b])/$esc{$1}/g;
+ $arg =~ s/\//\\\//g if ($escape_slash);
+ $arg =~ s/([\x00-\x08\x0b\x0e-\x1f])/'\\u00' . unpack('H2', $1)/eg;
+
+ if ($ascii) {
+ $arg = JSON_PP_encode_ascii($arg);
+ }
+
+ if ($latin1) {
+ $arg = JSON_PP_encode_latin1($arg);
+ }
+
+ if ($utf8) {
+ utf8::encode($arg);
+ }
+
+ return '"' . $arg . '"';
+ }
+
+
+ sub blessed_to_json {
+ my $reftype = reftype($_[1]) || '';
+ if ($reftype eq 'HASH') {
+ return $_[0]->hash_to_json($_[1]);
+ }
+ elsif ($reftype eq 'ARRAY') {
+ return $_[0]->array_to_json($_[1]);
+ }
+ else {
+ return 'null';
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub encode_error {
+ my $error = shift;
+ Carp::croak "$error";
+ }
+
+
+ sub _sort {
+ defined $keysort ? (sort $keysort (keys %{$_[0]})) : keys %{$_[0]};
+ }
+
+
+ sub _up_indent {
+ my $self = shift;
+ my $space = ' ' x $indent_length;
+
+ my ($pre,$post) = ('','');
+
+ $post = "\n" . $space x $indent_count;
+
+ $indent_count++;
+
+ $pre = "\n" . $space x $indent_count;
+
+ return ($pre,$post);
+ }
+
+
+ sub _down_indent { $indent_count--; }
+
+
+ sub PP_encode_box {
+ {
+ depth => $depth,
+ indent_count => $indent_count,
+ };
+ }
+
+} # Convert
+
+
+sub _encode_ascii {
+ join('',
+ map {
+ $_ <= 127 ?
+ chr($_) :
+ $_ <= 65535 ?
+ sprintf('\u%04x', $_) : sprintf('\u%x\u%x', _encode_surrogates($_));
+ } unpack('U*', $_[0])
+ );
+}
+
+
+sub _encode_latin1 {
+ join('',
+ map {
+ $_ <= 255 ?
+ chr($_) :
+ $_ <= 65535 ?
+ sprintf('\u%04x', $_) : sprintf('\u%x\u%x', _encode_surrogates($_));
+ } unpack('U*', $_[0])
+ );
+}
+
+
+sub _encode_surrogates { # from perlunicode
+ my $uni = $_[0] - 0x10000;
+ return ($uni / 0x400 + 0xD800, $uni % 0x400 + 0xDC00);
+}
+
+
+sub _is_bignum {
+ $_[0]->isa('Math::BigInt') or $_[0]->isa('Math::BigFloat');
+}
+
+
+
+#
+# JSON => Perl
+#
+
+my $max_intsize;
+
+BEGIN {
+ my $checkint = 1111;
+ for my $d (5..64) {
+ $checkint .= 1;
+ my $int = eval qq| $checkint |;
+ if ($int =~ /[eE]/) {
+ $max_intsize = $d - 1;
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+{ # PARSE
+
+ my %escapes = ( # by Jeremy Muhlich <jmuhlich [at] bitflood.org>
+ b => "\x8",
+ t => "\x9",
+ n => "\xA",
+ f => "\xC",
+ r => "\xD",
+ '\\' => '\\',
+ '"' => '"',
+ '/' => '/',
+ );
+
+ my $text; # json data
+ my $at; # offset
+ my $ch; # 1chracter
+ my $len; # text length (changed according to UTF8 or NON UTF8)
+ # INTERNAL
+ my $depth; # nest counter
+ my $encoding; # json text encoding
+ my $is_valid_utf8; # temp variable
+ my $utf8_len; # utf8 byte length
+ # FLAGS
+ my $utf8; # must be utf8
+ my $max_depth; # max nest nubmer of objects and arrays
+ my $max_size;
+ my $relaxed;
+ my $cb_object;
+ my $cb_sk_object;
+
+ my $F_HOOK;
+
+ my $allow_bigint; # using Math::BigInt
+ my $singlequote; # loosely quoting
+ my $loose; #
+ my $allow_barekey; # bareKey
+
+ # $opt flag
+ # 0x00000001 .... decode_prefix
+ # 0x10000000 .... incr_parse
+
+ sub PP_decode_json {
+ my ($self, $opt); # $opt is an effective flag during this decode_json.
+
+ ($self, $text, $opt) = @_;
+
+ ($at, $ch, $depth) = (0, '', 0);
+
+ if ( !defined $text or ref $text ) {
+ decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom");
+ }
+
+ my $idx = $self->{PROPS};
+
+ ($utf8, $relaxed, $loose, $allow_bigint, $allow_barekey, $singlequote)
+ = @{$idx}[P_UTF8, P_RELAXED, P_LOOSE .. P_ALLOW_SINGLEQUOTE];
+
+ if ( $utf8 ) {
+ utf8::downgrade( $text, 1 ) or Carp::croak("Wide character in subroutine entry");
+ }
+ else {
+ utf8::upgrade( $text );
+ }
+
+ $len = length $text;
+
+ ($max_depth, $max_size, $cb_object, $cb_sk_object, $F_HOOK)
+ = @{$self}{qw/max_depth max_size cb_object cb_sk_object F_HOOK/};
+
+ if ($max_size > 1) {
+ use bytes;
+ my $bytes = length $text;
+ decode_error(
+ sprintf("attempted decode of JSON text of %s bytes size, but max_size is set to %s"
+ , $bytes, $max_size), 1
+ ) if ($bytes > $max_size);
+ }
+
+ # Currently no effect
+ # should use regexp
+ my @octets = unpack('C4', $text);
+ $encoding = ( $octets[0] and $octets[1]) ? 'UTF-8'
+ : (!$octets[0] and $octets[1]) ? 'UTF-16BE'
+ : (!$octets[0] and !$octets[1]) ? 'UTF-32BE'
+ : ( $octets[2] ) ? 'UTF-16LE'
+ : (!$octets[2] ) ? 'UTF-32LE'
+ : 'unknown';
+
+ white(); # remove head white space
+
+ my $valid_start = defined $ch; # Is there a first character for JSON structure?
+
+ my $result = value();
+
+ return undef if ( !$result && ( $opt & 0x10000000 ) ); # for incr_parse
+
+ decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom") unless $valid_start;
+
+ if ( !$idx->[ P_ALLOW_NONREF ] and !ref $result ) {
+ decode_error(
+ 'JSON text must be an object or array (but found number, string, true, false or null,'
+ . ' use allow_nonref to allow this)', 1);
+ }
+
+ Carp::croak('something wrong.') if $len < $at; # we won't arrive here.
+
+ my $consumed = defined $ch ? $at - 1 : $at; # consumed JSON text length
+
+ white(); # remove tail white space
+
+ if ( $ch ) {
+ return ( $result, $consumed ) if ($opt & 0x00000001); # all right if decode_prefix
+ decode_error("garbage after JSON object");
+ }
+
+ ( $opt & 0x00000001 ) ? ( $result, $consumed ) : $result;
+ }
+
+
+ sub next_chr {
+ return $ch = undef if($at >= $len);
+ $ch = substr($text, $at++, 1);
+ }
+
+
+ sub value {
+ white();
+ return if(!defined $ch);
+ return object() if($ch eq '{');
+ return array() if($ch eq '[');
+ return string() if($ch eq '"' or ($singlequote and $ch eq "'"));
+ return number() if($ch =~ /[0-9]/ or $ch eq '-');
+ return word();
+ }
+
+ sub string {
+ my ($i, $s, $t, $u);
+ my $utf16;
+ my $is_utf8;
+
+ ($is_valid_utf8, $utf8_len) = ('', 0);
+
+ $s = ''; # basically UTF8 flag on
+
+ if($ch eq '"' or ($singlequote and $ch eq "'")){
+ my $boundChar = $ch;
+
+ OUTER: while( defined(next_chr()) ){
+
+ if($ch eq $boundChar){
+ next_chr();
+
+ if ($utf16) {
+ decode_error("missing low surrogate character in surrogate pair");
+ }
+
+ utf8::decode($s) if($is_utf8);
+
+ return $s;
+ }
+ elsif($ch eq '\\'){
+ next_chr();
+ if(exists $escapes{$ch}){
+ $s .= $escapes{$ch};
+ }
+ elsif($ch eq 'u'){ # UNICODE handling
+ my $u = '';
+
+ for(1..4){
+ $ch = next_chr();
+ last OUTER if($ch !~ /[0-9a-fA-F]/);
+ $u .= $ch;
+ }
+
+ # U+D800 - U+DBFF
+ if ($u =~ /^[dD][89abAB][0-9a-fA-F]{2}/) { # UTF-16 high surrogate?
+ $utf16 = $u;
+ }
+ # U+DC00 - U+DFFF
+ elsif ($u =~ /^[dD][c-fC-F][0-9a-fA-F]{2}/) { # UTF-16 low surrogate?
+ unless (defined $utf16) {
+ decode_error("missing high surrogate character in surrogate pair");
+ }
+ $is_utf8 = 1;
+ $s .= JSON_PP_decode_surrogates($utf16, $u) || next;
+ $utf16 = undef;
+ }
+ else {
+ if (defined $utf16) {
+ decode_error("surrogate pair expected");
+ }
+
+ if ( ( my $hex = hex( $u ) ) > 127 ) {
+ $is_utf8 = 1;
+ $s .= JSON_PP_decode_unicode($u) || next;
+ }
+ else {
+ $s .= chr $hex;
+ }
+ }
+
+ }
+ else{
+ unless ($loose) {
+ $at -= 2;
+ decode_error('illegal backslash escape sequence in string');
+ }
+ $s .= $ch;
+ }
+ }
+ else{
+
+ if ( ord $ch > 127 ) {
+ if ( $utf8 ) {
+ unless( $ch = is_valid_utf8($ch) ) {
+ $at -= 1;
+ decode_error("malformed UTF-8 character in JSON string");
+ }
+ else {
+ $at += $utf8_len - 1;
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ utf8::encode( $ch );
+ }
+
+ $is_utf8 = 1;
+ }
+
+ if (!$loose) {
+ if ($ch =~ /[\x00-\x1f\x22\x5c]/) { # '/' ok
+ $at--;
+ decode_error('invalid character encountered while parsing JSON string');
+ }
+ }
+
+ $s .= $ch;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ decode_error("unexpected end of string while parsing JSON string");
+ }
+
+
+ sub white {
+ while( defined $ch ){
+ if($ch le ' '){
+ next_chr();
+ }
+ elsif($ch eq '/'){
+ next_chr();
+ if(defined $ch and $ch eq '/'){
+ 1 while(defined(next_chr()) and $ch ne "\n" and $ch ne "\r");
+ }
+ elsif(defined $ch and $ch eq '*'){
+ next_chr();
+ while(1){
+ if(defined $ch){
+ if($ch eq '*'){
+ if(defined(next_chr()) and $ch eq '/'){
+ next_chr();
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+ else{
+ next_chr();
+ }
+ }
+ else{
+ decode_error("Unterminated comment");
+ }
+ }
+ next;
+ }
+ else{
+ $at--;
+ decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom");
+ }
+ }
+ else{
+ if ($relaxed and $ch eq '#') { # correctly?
+ pos($text) = $at;
+ $text =~ /\G([^\n]*(?:\r\n|\r|\n|$))/g;
+ $at = pos($text);
+ next_chr;
+ next;
+ }
+
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub array {
+ my $a = [];
+
+ decode_error('json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)')
+ if (++$depth > $max_depth);
+
+ next_chr();
+ white();
+
+ if(defined $ch and $ch eq ']'){
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ return $a;
+ }
+ else {
+ while(defined($ch)){
+ push @$a, value();
+
+ white();
+
+ if (!defined $ch) {
+ last;
+ }
+
+ if($ch eq ']'){
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ return $a;
+ }
+
+ if($ch ne ','){
+ last;
+ }
+
+ next_chr();
+ white();
+
+ if ($relaxed and $ch eq ']') {
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ return $a;
+ }
+
+ }
+ }
+
+ decode_error(", or ] expected while parsing array");
+ }
+
+
+ sub object {
+ my $o = {};
+ my $k;
+
+ decode_error('json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)')
+ if (++$depth > $max_depth);
+ next_chr();
+ white();
+
+ if(defined $ch and $ch eq '}'){
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ if ($F_HOOK) {
+ return _json_object_hook($o);
+ }
+ return $o;
+ }
+ else {
+ while (defined $ch) {
+ $k = ($allow_barekey and $ch ne '"' and $ch ne "'") ? bareKey() : string();
+ white();
+
+ if(!defined $ch or $ch ne ':'){
+ $at--;
+ decode_error("':' expected");
+ }
+
+ next_chr();
+ $o->{$k} = value();
+ white();
+
+ last if (!defined $ch);
+
+ if($ch eq '}'){
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ if ($F_HOOK) {
+ return _json_object_hook($o);
+ }
+ return $o;
+ }
+
+ if($ch ne ','){
+ last;
+ }
+
+ next_chr();
+ white();
+
+ if ($relaxed and $ch eq '}') {
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ if ($F_HOOK) {
+ return _json_object_hook($o);
+ }
+ return $o;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ $at--;
+ decode_error(", or } expected while parsing object/hash");
+ }
+
+
+ sub bareKey { # doesn't strictly follow Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition
+ my $key;
+ while($ch =~ /[^\x00-\x23\x25-\x2F\x3A-\x40\x5B-\x5E\x60\x7B-\x7F]/){
+ $key .= $ch;
+ next_chr();
+ }
+ return $key;
+ }
+
+
+ sub word {
+ my $word = substr($text,$at-1,4);
+
+ if($word eq 'true'){
+ $at += 3;
+ next_chr;
+ return $JSON::PP::true;
+ }
+ elsif($word eq 'null'){
+ $at += 3;
+ next_chr;
+ return undef;
+ }
+ elsif($word eq 'fals'){
+ $at += 3;
+ if(substr($text,$at,1) eq 'e'){
+ $at++;
+ next_chr;
+ return $JSON::PP::false;
+ }
+ }
+
+ $at--; # for decode_error report
+
+ decode_error("'null' expected") if ($word =~ /^n/);
+ decode_error("'true' expected") if ($word =~ /^t/);
+ decode_error("'false' expected") if ($word =~ /^f/);
+ decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom");
+ }
+
+
+ sub number {
+ my $n = '';
+ my $v;
+
+ # According to RFC4627, hex or oct digts are invalid.
+ if($ch eq '0'){
+ my $peek = substr($text,$at,1);
+ my $hex = $peek =~ /[xX]/; # 0 or 1
+
+ if($hex){
+ decode_error("malformed number (leading zero must not be followed by another digit)");
+ ($n) = ( substr($text, $at+1) =~ /^([0-9a-fA-F]+)/);
+ }
+ else{ # oct
+ ($n) = ( substr($text, $at) =~ /^([0-7]+)/);
+ if (defined $n and length $n > 1) {
+ decode_error("malformed number (leading zero must not be followed by another digit)");
+ }
+ }
+
+ if(defined $n and length($n)){
+ if (!$hex and length($n) == 1) {
+ decode_error("malformed number (leading zero must not be followed by another digit)");
+ }
+ $at += length($n) + $hex;
+ next_chr;
+ return $hex ? hex($n) : oct($n);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if($ch eq '-'){
+ $n = '-';
+ next_chr;
+ if (!defined $ch or $ch !~ /\d/) {
+ decode_error("malformed number (no digits after initial minus)");
+ }
+ }
+
+ while(defined $ch and $ch =~ /\d/){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ next_chr;
+ }
+
+ if(defined $ch and $ch eq '.'){
+ $n .= '.';
+
+ next_chr;
+ if (!defined $ch or $ch !~ /\d/) {
+ decode_error("malformed number (no digits after decimal point)");
+ }
+ else {
+ $n .= $ch;
+ }
+
+ while(defined(next_chr) and $ch =~ /\d/){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if(defined $ch and ($ch eq 'e' or $ch eq 'E')){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ next_chr;
+
+ if(defined($ch) and ($ch eq '+' or $ch eq '-')){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ next_chr;
+ if (!defined $ch or $ch =~ /\D/) {
+ decode_error("malformed number (no digits after exp sign)");
+ }
+ $n .= $ch;
+ }
+ elsif(defined($ch) and $ch =~ /\d/){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ }
+ else {
+ decode_error("malformed number (no digits after exp sign)");
+ }
+
+ while(defined(next_chr) and $ch =~ /\d/){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ $v .= $n;
+
+ if ($v !~ /[.eE]/ and length $v > $max_intsize) {
+ if ($allow_bigint) { # from Adam Sussman
+ require Math::BigInt;
+ return Math::BigInt->new($v);
+ }
+ else {
+ return "$v";
+ }
+ }
+ elsif ($allow_bigint) {
+ require Math::BigFloat;
+ return Math::BigFloat->new($v);
+ }
+
+ return 0+$v;
+ }
+
+
+ sub is_valid_utf8 {
+
+ $utf8_len = $_[0] =~ /[\x00-\x7F]/ ? 1
+ : $_[0] =~ /[\xC2-\xDF]/ ? 2
+ : $_[0] =~ /[\xE0-\xEF]/ ? 3
+ : $_[0] =~ /[\xF0-\xF4]/ ? 4
+ : 0
+ ;
+
+ return unless $utf8_len;
+
+ my $is_valid_utf8 = substr($text, $at - 1, $utf8_len);
+
+ return ( $is_valid_utf8 =~ /^(?:
+ [\x00-\x7F]
+ |[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ )$/x ) ? $is_valid_utf8 : '';
+ }
+
+
+ sub decode_error {
+ my $error = shift;
+ my $no_rep = shift;
+ my $str = defined $text ? substr($text, $at) : '';
+ my $mess = '';
+ my $type = $] >= 5.008 ? 'U*'
+ : $] < 5.006 ? 'C*'
+ : utf8::is_utf8( $str ) ? 'U*' # 5.6
+ : 'C*'
+ ;
+
+ for my $c ( unpack( $type, $str ) ) { # emulate pv_uni_display() ?
+ $mess .= $c == 0x07 ? '\a'
+ : $c == 0x09 ? '\t'
+ : $c == 0x0a ? '\n'
+ : $c == 0x0d ? '\r'
+ : $c == 0x0c ? '\f'
+ : $c < 0x20 ? sprintf('\x{%x}', $c)
+ : $c == 0x5c ? '\\\\'
+ : $c < 0x80 ? chr($c)
+ : sprintf('\x{%x}', $c)
+ ;
+ if ( length $mess >= 20 ) {
+ $mess .= '...';
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+
+ unless ( length $mess ) {
+ $mess = '(end of string)';
+ }
+
+ Carp::croak (
+ $no_rep ? "$error" : "$error, at character offset $at (before \"$mess\")"
+ );
+
+ }
+
+
+ sub _json_object_hook {
+ my $o = $_[0];
+ my @ks = keys %{$o};
+
+ if ( $cb_sk_object and @ks == 1 and exists $cb_sk_object->{ $ks[0] } and ref $cb_sk_object->{ $ks[0] } ) {
+ my @val = $cb_sk_object->{ $ks[0] }->( $o->{$ks[0]} );
+ if (@val == 1) {
+ return $val[0];
+ }
+ }
+
+ my @val = $cb_object->($o) if ($cb_object);
+ if (@val == 0 or @val > 1) {
+ return $o;
+ }
+ else {
+ return $val[0];
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub PP_decode_box {
+ {
+ text => $text,
+ at => $at,
+ ch => $ch,
+ len => $len,
+ depth => $depth,
+ encoding => $encoding,
+ is_valid_utf8 => $is_valid_utf8,
+ };
+ }
+
+} # PARSE
+
+
+sub _decode_surrogates { # from perlunicode
+ my $uni = 0x10000 + (hex($_[0]) - 0xD800) * 0x400 + (hex($_[1]) - 0xDC00);
+ my $un = pack('U*', $uni);
+ utf8::encode( $un );
+ return $un;
+}
+
+
+sub _decode_unicode {
+ my $un = pack('U', hex shift);
+ utf8::encode( $un );
+ return $un;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+###############################
+# Utilities
+#
+
+BEGIN {
+ eval 'require Scalar::Util';
+ unless($@){
+ *JSON::PP::blessed = \&Scalar::Util::blessed;
+ *JSON::PP::reftype = \&Scalar::Util::reftype;
+ }
+ else{ # This code is from Sclar::Util.
+ # warn $@;
+ eval 'sub UNIVERSAL::a_sub_not_likely_to_be_here { ref($_[0]) }';
+ *JSON::PP::blessed = sub {
+ local($@, $SIG{__DIE__}, $SIG{__WARN__});
+ ref($_[0]) ? eval { $_[0]->a_sub_not_likely_to_be_here } : undef;
+ };
+ my %tmap = qw(
+ B::NULL SCALAR
+ B::HV HASH
+ B::AV ARRAY
+ B::CV CODE
+ B::IO IO
+ B::GV GLOB
+ B::REGEXP REGEXP
+ );
+ *JSON::PP::reftype = sub {
+ my $r = shift;
+
+ return undef unless length(ref($r));
+
+ my $t = ref(B::svref_2object($r));
+
+ return
+ exists $tmap{$t} ? $tmap{$t}
+ : length(ref($$r)) ? 'REF'
+ : 'SCALAR';
+ };
+ }
+}
+
+
+# shamely copied and modified from JSON::XS code.
+
+$JSON::PP::true = do { bless \(my $dummy = 1), "JSON::PP::Boolean" };
+$JSON::PP::false = do { bless \(my $dummy = 0), "JSON::PP::Boolean" };
+
+sub is_bool { defined $_[0] and UNIVERSAL::isa($_[0], "JSON::PP::Boolean"); }
+
+sub true { $JSON::PP::true }
+sub false { $JSON::PP::false }
+sub null { undef; }
+
+###############################
+
+package JSON::PP::Boolean;
+
+
+use overload (
+ "0+" => sub { ${$_[0]} },
+ "++" => sub { $_[0] = ${$_[0]} + 1 },
+ "--" => sub { $_[0] = ${$_[0]} - 1 },
+ fallback => 1,
+);
+
+
+###############################
+
+package JSON::PP::IncrParser;
+
+use strict;
+
+use constant INCR_M_WS => 0; # initial whitespace skipping
+use constant INCR_M_STR => 1; # inside string
+use constant INCR_M_BS => 2; # inside backslash
+use constant INCR_M_JSON => 3; # outside anything, count nesting
+use constant INCR_M_C0 => 4;
+use constant INCR_M_C1 => 5;
+
+$JSON::PP::IncrParser::VERSION = '1.01';
+
+my $unpack_format = $] < 5.006 ? 'C*' : 'U*';
+
+sub new {
+ my ( $class ) = @_;
+
+ bless {
+ incr_nest => 0,
+ incr_text => undef,
+ incr_parsing => 0,
+ incr_p => 0,
+ }, $class;
+}
+
+
+sub incr_parse {
+ my ( $self, $coder, $text ) = @_;
+
+ $self->{incr_text} = '' unless ( defined $self->{incr_text} );
+
+ if ( defined $text ) {
+ if ( utf8::is_utf8( $text ) and !utf8::is_utf8( $self->{incr_text} ) ) {
+ utf8::upgrade( $self->{incr_text} ) ;
+ utf8::decode( $self->{incr_text} ) ;
+ }
+ $self->{incr_text} .= $text;
+ }
+
+
+ my $max_size = $coder->get_max_size;
+
+ if ( defined wantarray ) {
+
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_WS;
+
+ if ( wantarray ) {
+ my @ret;
+
+ $self->{incr_parsing} = 1;
+
+ do {
+ push @ret, $self->_incr_parse( $coder, $self->{incr_text} );
+
+ unless ( !$self->{incr_nest} and $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_JSON ) {
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_WS;
+ }
+
+ } until ( !$self->{incr_text} );
+
+ $self->{incr_parsing} = 0;
+
+ return @ret;
+ }
+ else { # in scalar context
+ $self->{incr_parsing} = 1;
+ my $obj = $self->_incr_parse( $coder, $self->{incr_text} );
+ $self->{incr_parsing} = 0 if defined $obj; # pointed by Martin J. Evans
+ return $obj ? $obj : undef; # $obj is an empty string, parsing was completed.
+ }
+
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+sub _incr_parse {
+ my ( $self, $coder, $text, $skip ) = @_;
+ my $p = $self->{incr_p};
+ my $restore = $p;
+
+ my @obj;
+ my $len = length $text;
+
+ if ( $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_WS ) {
+ while ( $len > $p ) {
+ my $s = substr( $text, $p, 1 );
+ $p++ and next if ( 0x20 >= unpack($unpack_format, $s) );
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_JSON;
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+
+ while ( $len > $p ) {
+ my $s = substr( $text, $p++, 1 );
+
+ if ( $s eq '"' ) {
+ if ( $self->{incr_mode} != INCR_M_STR ) {
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_STR;
+ }
+ else {
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_JSON;
+ unless ( $self->{incr_nest} ) {
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if ( $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_JSON ) {
+
+ if ( $s eq '[' or $s eq '{' ) {
+ if ( ++$self->{incr_nest} > $coder->get_max_depth ) {
+ Carp::croak('json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)');
+ }
+ }
+ elsif ( $s eq ']' or $s eq '}' ) {
+ last if ( --$self->{incr_nest} <= 0 );
+ }
+ elsif ( $s eq '#' ) {
+ while ( $len > $p ) {
+ last if substr( $text, $p++, 1 ) eq "\n";
+ }
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ $self->{incr_p} = $p;
+
+ return if ( $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_JSON and $self->{incr_nest} > 0 );
+
+ return '' unless ( length substr( $self->{incr_text}, 0, $p ) );
+
+ local $Carp::CarpLevel = 2;
+
+ $self->{incr_p} = $restore;
+ $self->{incr_c} = $p;
+
+ my ( $obj, $tail ) = $coder->PP_decode_json( substr( $self->{incr_text}, 0, $p ), 0x10000001 );
+
+ $self->{incr_text} = substr( $self->{incr_text}, $p );
+ $self->{incr_p} = 0;
+
+ return $obj or '';
+}
+
+
+sub incr_text {
+ if ( $_[0]->{incr_parsing} ) {
+ Carp::croak("incr_text can not be called when the incremental parser already started parsing");
+ }
+ $_[0]->{incr_text};
+}
+
+
+sub incr_skip {
+ my $self = shift;
+ $self->{incr_text} = substr( $self->{incr_text}, $self->{incr_c} );
+ $self->{incr_p} = 0;
+}
+
+
+sub incr_reset {
+ my $self = shift;
+ $self->{incr_text} = undef;
+ $self->{incr_p} = 0;
+ $self->{incr_mode} = 0;
+ $self->{incr_nest} = 0;
+ $self->{incr_parsing} = 0;
+}
+
+###############################
+
+
+1;
+__END__
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+JSON::PP - JSON::XS compatible pure-Perl module.
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+ use JSON::PP;
+
+ # exported functions, they croak on error
+ # and expect/generate UTF-8
+
+ $utf8_encoded_json_text = encode_json $perl_hash_or_arrayref;
+ $perl_hash_or_arrayref = decode_json $utf8_encoded_json_text;
+
+ # OO-interface
+
+ $coder = JSON::PP->new->ascii->pretty->allow_nonref;
+ $pretty_printed_unencoded = $coder->encode ($perl_scalar);
+ $perl_scalar = $coder->decode ($unicode_json_text);
+
+ # Note that JSON version 2.0 and above will automatically use
+ # JSON::XS or JSON::PP, so you should be able to just:
+
+ use JSON;
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module is L<JSON::XS> compatible pure Perl module.
+(Perl 5.8 or later is recommended)
+
+JSON::XS is the fastest and most proper JSON module on CPAN.
+It is written by Marc Lehmann in C, so must be compiled and
+installed in the used environment.
+
+JSON::PP is a pure-Perl module and has compatibility to JSON::XS.
+
+
+=head2 FEATURES
+
+=over
+
+=item * correct unicode handling
+
+This module knows how to handle Unicode (depending on Perl version).
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/A FEW NOTES ON UNICODE AND PERL> and L<UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS>.
+
+
+=item * round-trip integrity
+
+When you serialise a perl data structure using only data types supported
+by JSON and Perl, the deserialised data structure is identical on the Perl
+level. (e.g. the string "2.0" doesn't suddenly become "2" just because
+it looks like a number). There I<are> minor exceptions to this, read the
+MAPPING section below to learn about those.
+
+
+=item * strict checking of JSON correctness
+
+There is no guessing, no generating of illegal JSON texts by default,
+and only JSON is accepted as input by default (the latter is a security feature).
+But when some options are set, loose chcking features are available.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONS
+
+Basically, check to L<JSON> or L<JSON::XS>.
+
+=head2 encode_json
+
+ $json_text = encode_json $perl_scalar
+
+=head2 decode_json
+
+ $perl_scalar = decode_json $json_text
+
+=head2 JSON::PP::true
+
+Returns JSON true value which is blessed object.
+It C<isa> JSON::PP::Boolean object.
+
+=head2 JSON::PP::false
+
+Returns JSON false value which is blessed object.
+It C<isa> JSON::PP::Boolean object.
+
+=head2 JSON::PP::null
+
+Returns C<undef>.
+
+=head1 METHODS
+
+Basically, check to L<JSON> or L<JSON::XS>.
+
+=head2 new
+
+ $json = new JSON::PP
+
+Rturns a new JSON::PP object that can be used to de/encode JSON
+strings.
+
+=head2 ascii
+
+ $json = $json->ascii([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_ascii
+
+If $enable is true (or missing), then the encode method will not generate characters outside
+the code range 0..127. Any Unicode characters outside that range will be escaped using either
+a single \uXXXX or a double \uHHHH\uLLLLL escape sequence, as per RFC4627.
+(See to L<JSON::XS/OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE>).
+
+In Perl 5.005, there is no character having high value (more than 255).
+See to L<UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS>.
+
+If $enable is false, then the encode method will not escape Unicode characters unless
+required by the JSON syntax or other flags. This results in a faster and more compact format.
+
+ JSON::PP->new->ascii(1)->encode([chr 0x10401])
+ => ["\ud801\udc01"]
+
+=head2 latin1
+
+ $json = $json->latin1([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_latin1
+
+If $enable is true (or missing), then the encode method will encode the resulting JSON
+text as latin1 (or iso-8859-1), escaping any characters outside the code range 0..255.
+
+If $enable is false, then the encode method will not escape Unicode characters
+unless required by the JSON syntax or other flags.
+
+ JSON::XS->new->latin1->encode (["\x{89}\x{abc}"]
+ => ["\x{89}\\u0abc"] # (perl syntax, U+abc escaped, U+89 not)
+
+See to L<UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS>.
+
+=head2 utf8
+
+ $json = $json->utf8([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_utf8
+
+If $enable is true (or missing), then the encode method will encode the JSON result
+into UTF-8, as required by many protocols, while the decode method expects to be handled
+an UTF-8-encoded string. Please note that UTF-8-encoded strings do not contain any
+characters outside the range 0..255, they are thus useful for bytewise/binary I/O.
+
+(In Perl 5.005, any character outside the range 0..255 does not exist.
+See to L<UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS>.)
+
+In future versions, enabling this option might enable autodetection of the UTF-16 and UTF-32
+encoding families, as described in RFC4627.
+
+If $enable is false, then the encode method will return the JSON string as a (non-encoded)
+Unicode string, while decode expects thus a Unicode string. Any decoding or encoding
+(e.g. to UTF-8 or UTF-16) needs to be done yourself, e.g. using the Encode module.
+
+Example, output UTF-16BE-encoded JSON:
+
+ use Encode;
+ $jsontext = encode "UTF-16BE", JSON::XS->new->encode ($object);
+
+Example, decode UTF-32LE-encoded JSON:
+
+ use Encode;
+ $object = JSON::XS->new->decode (decode "UTF-32LE", $jsontext);
+
+
+=head2 pretty
+
+ $json = $json->pretty([$enable])
+
+This enables (or disables) all of the C<indent>, C<space_before> and
+C<space_after> flags in one call to generate the most readable
+(or most compact) form possible.
+
+=head2 indent
+
+ $json = $json->indent([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_indent
+
+The default indent space length is three.
+You can use C<indent_length> to change the length.
+
+=head2 space_before
+
+ $json = $json->space_before([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_space_before
+
+=head2 space_after
+
+ $json = $json->space_after([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_space_after
+
+=head2 relaxed
+
+ $json = $json->relaxed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_relaxed
+
+=head2 canonical
+
+ $json = $json->canonical([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_canonical
+
+If you want your own sorting routine, you can give a code referece
+or a subroutine name to C<sort_by>. See to C<JSON::PP OWN METHODS>.
+
+=head2 allow_nonref
+
+ $json = $json->allow_nonref([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_nonref
+
+=head2 allow_unknown
+
+ $json = $json->allow_unknown ([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_unknown
+
+=head2 allow_blessed
+
+ $json = $json->allow_blessed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_blessed
+
+=head2 convert_blessed
+
+ $json = $json->convert_blessed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_convert_blessed
+
+=head2 filter_json_object
+
+ $json = $json->filter_json_object([$coderef])
+
+=head2 filter_json_single_key_object
+
+ $json = $json->filter_json_single_key_object($key [=> $coderef])
+
+=head2 shrink
+
+ $json = $json->shrink([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_shrink
+
+In JSON::XS, this flag resizes strings generated by either
+C<encode> or C<decode> to their minimum size possible.
+It will also try to downgrade any strings to octet-form if possible.
+
+In JSON::PP, it is noop about resizing strings but tries
+C<utf8::downgrade> to the returned string by C<encode>.
+See to L<utf8>.
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE>
+
+=head2 max_depth
+
+ $json = $json->max_depth([$maximum_nesting_depth])
+
+ $max_depth = $json->get_max_depth
+
+Sets the maximum nesting level (default C<512>) accepted while encoding
+or decoding. If a higher nesting level is detected in JSON text or a Perl
+data structure, then the encoder and decoder will stop and croak at that
+point.
+
+Nesting level is defined by number of hash- or arrayrefs that the encoder
+needs to traverse to reach a given point or the number of C<{> or C<[>
+characters without their matching closing parenthesis crossed to reach a
+given character in a string.
+
+If no argument is given, the highest possible setting will be used, which
+is rarely useful.
+
+See L<JSON::XS/SSECURITY CONSIDERATIONS> for more info on why this is useful.
+
+When a large value (100 or more) was set and it de/encodes a deep nested object/text,
+it may raise a warning 'Deep recursion on subroutin' at the perl runtime phase.
+
+=head2 max_size
+
+ $json = $json->max_size([$maximum_string_size])
+
+ $max_size = $json->get_max_size
+
+Set the maximum length a JSON text may have (in bytes) where decoding is
+being attempted. The default is C<0>, meaning no limit. When C<decode>
+is called on a string that is longer then this many bytes, it will not
+attempt to decode the string but throw an exception. This setting has no
+effect on C<encode> (yet).
+
+If no argument is given, the limit check will be deactivated (same as when
+C<0> is specified).
+
+See L<JSON::XS/SSECURITY CONSIDERATIONS> for more info on why this is useful.
+
+=head2 encode
+
+ $json_text = $json->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+=head2 decode
+
+ $perl_scalar = $json->decode($json_text)
+
+=head2 decode_prefix
+
+ ($perl_scalar, $characters) = $json->decode_prefix($json_text)
+
+
+=head1 INCREMENTAL PARSING
+
+Most of this section are copied and modified from L<JSON::XS/INCREMENTAL PARSING>.
+
+In some cases, there is the need for incremental parsing of JSON texts.
+This module does allow you to parse a JSON stream incrementally.
+It does so by accumulating text until it has a full JSON object, which
+it then can decode. This process is similar to using C<decode_prefix>
+to see if a full JSON object is available, but is much more efficient
+(and can be implemented with a minimum of method calls).
+
+This module will only attempt to parse the JSON text once it is sure it
+has enough text to get a decisive result, using a very simple but
+truly incremental parser. This means that it sometimes won't stop as
+early as the full parser, for example, it doesn't detect parenthese
+mismatches. The only thing it guarantees is that it starts decoding as
+soon as a syntactically valid JSON text has been seen. This means you need
+to set resource limits (e.g. C<max_size>) to ensure the parser will stop
+parsing in the presence if syntax errors.
+
+The following methods implement this incremental parser.
+
+=head2 incr_parse
+
+ $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # void context
+
+ $obj_or_undef = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # scalar context
+
+ @obj_or_empty = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # list context
+
+This is the central parsing function. It can both append new text and
+extract objects from the stream accumulated so far (both of these
+functions are optional).
+
+If C<$string> is given, then this string is appended to the already
+existing JSON fragment stored in the C<$json> object.
+
+After that, if the function is called in void context, it will simply
+return without doing anything further. This can be used to add more text
+in as many chunks as you want.
+
+If the method is called in scalar context, then it will try to extract
+exactly I<one> JSON object. If that is successful, it will return this
+object, otherwise it will return C<undef>. If there is a parse error,
+this method will croak just as C<decode> would do (one can then use
+C<incr_skip> to skip the errornous part). This is the most common way of
+using the method.
+
+And finally, in list context, it will try to extract as many objects
+from the stream as it can find and return them, or the empty list
+otherwise. For this to work, there must be no separators between the JSON
+objects or arrays, instead they must be concatenated back-to-back. If
+an error occurs, an exception will be raised as in the scalar context
+case. Note that in this case, any previously-parsed JSON texts will be
+lost.
+
+Example: Parse some JSON arrays/objects in a given string and return them.
+
+ my @objs = JSON->new->incr_parse ("[5][7][1,2]");
+
+=head2 incr_text
+
+ $lvalue_string = $json->incr_text
+
+This method returns the currently stored JSON fragment as an lvalue, that
+is, you can manipulate it. This I<only> works when a preceding call to
+C<incr_parse> in I<scalar context> successfully returned an object. Under
+all other circumstances you must not call this function (I mean it.
+although in simple tests it might actually work, it I<will> fail under
+real world conditions). As a special exception, you can also call this
+method before having parsed anything.
+
+This function is useful in two cases: a) finding the trailing text after a
+JSON object or b) parsing multiple JSON objects separated by non-JSON text
+(such as commas).
+
+ $json->incr_text =~ s/\s*,\s*//;
+
+In Perl 5.005, C<lvalue> attribute is not available.
+You must write codes like the below:
+
+ $string = $json->incr_text;
+ $string =~ s/\s*,\s*//;
+ $json->incr_text( $string );
+
+=head2 incr_skip
+
+ $json->incr_skip
+
+This will reset the state of the incremental parser and will remove the
+parsed text from the input buffer. This is useful after C<incr_parse>
+died, in which case the input buffer and incremental parser state is left
+unchanged, to skip the text parsed so far and to reset the parse state.
+
+=head2 incr_reset
+
+ $json->incr_reset
+
+This completely resets the incremental parser, that is, after this call,
+it will be as if the parser had never parsed anything.
+
+This is useful if you want ot repeatedly parse JSON objects and want to
+ignore any trailing data, which means you have to reset the parser after
+each successful decode.
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/INCREMENTAL PARSING> for examples.
+
+
+=head1 JSON::PP OWN METHODS
+
+=head2 allow_singlequote
+
+ $json = $json->allow_singlequote([$enable])
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept
+JSON strings quoted by single quotations that are invalid JSON
+format.
+
+ $json->allow_singlequote->decode({"foo":'bar'});
+ $json->allow_singlequote->decode({'foo':"bar"});
+ $json->allow_singlequote->decode({'foo':'bar'});
+
+As same as the C<relaxed> option, this option may be used to parse
+application-specific files written by humans.
+
+
+=head2 allow_barekey
+
+ $json = $json->allow_barekey([$enable])
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept
+bare keys of JSON object that are invalid JSON format.
+
+As same as the C<relaxed> option, this option may be used to parse
+application-specific files written by humans.
+
+ $json->allow_barekey->decode('{foo:"bar"}');
+
+=head2 allow_bignum
+
+ $json = $json->allow_bignum([$enable])
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will convert
+the big integer Perl cannot handle as integer into a L<Math::BigInt>
+object and convert a floating number (any) into a L<Math::BigFloat>.
+
+On the contary, C<encode> converts C<Math::BigInt> objects and C<Math::BigFloat>
+objects into JSON numbers with C<allow_blessed> enable.
+
+ $json->allow_nonref->allow_blessed->allow_bignum;
+ $bigfloat = $json->decode('2.000000000000000000000000001');
+ print $json->encode($bigfloat);
+ # => 2.000000000000000000000000001
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/MAPPING> aboout the normal conversion of JSON number.
+
+=head2 loose
+
+ $json = $json->loose([$enable])
+
+The unescaped [\x00-\x1f\x22\x2f\x5c] strings are invalid in JSON strings
+and the module doesn't allow to C<decode> to these (except for \x2f).
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept these
+unescaped strings.
+
+ $json->loose->decode(qq|["abc
+ def"]|);
+
+See L<JSON::XS/SSECURITY CONSIDERATIONS>.
+
+=head2 escape_slash
+
+ $json = $json->escape_slash([$enable])
+
+According to JSON Grammar, I<slash> (U+002F) is escaped. But default
+JSON::PP (as same as JSON::XS) encodes strings without escaping slash.
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode> will escape slashes.
+
+=head2 (OBSOLETED)as_nonblessed
+
+ $json = $json->as_nonblessed
+
+(OBSOLETED) If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode> will convert
+a blessed hash reference or a blessed array reference (contains
+other blessed references) into JSON members and arrays.
+
+This feature is effective only when C<allow_blessed> is enable.
+
+=head2 indent_length
+
+ $json = $json->indent_length($length)
+
+JSON::XS indent space length is 3 and cannot be changed.
+JSON::PP set the indent space length with the given $length.
+The default is 3. The acceptable range is 0 to 15.
+
+=head2 sort_by
+
+ $json = $json->sort_by($function_name)
+ $json = $json->sort_by($subroutine_ref)
+
+If $function_name or $subroutine_ref are set, its sort routine are used
+in encoding JSON objects.
+
+ $js = $pc->sort_by(sub { $JSON::PP::a cmp $JSON::PP::b })->encode($obj);
+ # is($js, q|{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5,"f":6,"g":7,"h":8,"i":9}|);
+
+ $js = $pc->sort_by('own_sort')->encode($obj);
+ # is($js, q|{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5,"f":6,"g":7,"h":8,"i":9}|);
+
+ sub JSON::PP::own_sort { $JSON::PP::a cmp $JSON::PP::b }
+
+As the sorting routine runs in the JSON::PP scope, the given
+subroutine name and the special variables C<$a>, C<$b> will begin
+'JSON::PP::'.
+
+If $integer is set, then the effect is same as C<canonical> on.
+
+=head1 INTERNAL
+
+For developers.
+
+=over
+
+=item PP_encode_box
+
+Returns
+
+ {
+ depth => $depth,
+ indent_count => $indent_count,
+ }
+
+
+=item PP_decode_box
+
+Returns
+
+ {
+ text => $text,
+ at => $at,
+ ch => $ch,
+ len => $len,
+ depth => $depth,
+ encoding => $encoding,
+ is_valid_utf8 => $is_valid_utf8,
+ };
+
+=back
+
+=head1 MAPPING
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/MAPPING>.
+
+
+=head1 UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS
+
+If you do not know about Unicode on Perl well,
+please check L<JSON::XS/A FEW NOTES ON UNICODE AND PERL>.
+
+=head2 Perl 5.8 and later
+
+Perl can handle Unicode and the JSON::PP de/encode methods also work properly.
+
+ $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr hex 3042);
+ $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr hex 12345);
+
+Reuturns C<"\u3042"> and C<"\ud808\udf45"> respectively.
+
+ $json->allow_nonref->decode('"\u3042"');
+ $json->allow_nonref->decode('"\ud808\udf45"');
+
+Returns UTF-8 encoded strings with UTF8 flag, regarded as C<U+3042> and C<U+12345>.
+
+Note that the versions from Perl 5.8.0 to 5.8.2, Perl built-in C<join> was broken,
+so JSON::PP wraps the C<join> with a subroutine. Thus JSON::PP works slow in the versions.
+
+
+=head2 Perl 5.6
+
+Perl can handle Unicode and the JSON::PP de/encode methods also work.
+
+=head2 Perl 5.005
+
+Perl 5.005 is a byte sementics world -- all strings are sequences of bytes.
+That means the unicode handling is not available.
+
+In encoding,
+
+ $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr hex 3042); # hex 3042 is 12354.
+ $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr hex 12345); # hex 12345 is 74565.
+
+Returns C<B> and C<E>, as C<chr> takes a value more than 255, it treats
+as C<$value % 256>, so the above codes are equivalent to :
+
+ $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr 66);
+ $json->allow_nonref->encode(chr 69);
+
+In decoding,
+
+ $json->decode('"\u00e3\u0081\u0082"');
+
+The returned is a byte sequence C<0xE3 0x81 0x82> for UTF-8 encoded
+japanese character (C<HIRAGANA LETTER A>).
+And if it is represented in Unicode code point, C<U+3042>.
+
+Next,
+
+ $json->decode('"\u3042"');
+
+We ordinary expect the returned value is a Unicode character C<U+3042>.
+But here is 5.005 world. This is C<0xE3 0x81 0x82>.
+
+ $json->decode('"\ud808\udf45"');
+
+This is not a character C<U+12345> but bytes - C<0xf0 0x92 0x8d 0x85>.
+
+
+=head1 TODO
+
+=over
+
+=item speed
+
+=item memory saving
+
+=back
+
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+Most of the document are copied and modified from JSON::XS doc.
+
+L<JSON::XS>
+
+RFC4627 (L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt>)
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
+
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
+
+Copyright 2007-2010 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/blob/98f7e8e9/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP/Boolean.pm
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP/Boolean.pm b/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP/Boolean.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b1fb19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP/Boolean.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+=head1 NAME
+
+JSON::PP::Boolean - dummy module providing JSON::PP::Boolean
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+ # do not "use" yourself
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module exists only to provide overload resolution for Storable and similar modules. See
+L<JSON::PP> for more info about this class.
+
+=cut
+
+use JSON::PP ();
+use strict;
+
+1;
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+This idea is from L<JSON::XS::Boolean> written by Marc Lehmann <schmorp[at]schmorp.de>
+
+=cut
+
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/blob/98f7e8e9/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP5005.pm
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP5005.pm b/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP5005.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85dd2cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP5005.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+package JSON::PP5005;
+
+use 5.005;
+use strict;
+
+my @properties;
+
+$JSON::PP5005::VERSION = '1.10';
+
+BEGIN {
+
+ sub utf8::is_utf8 {
+ 0; # It is considered that UTF8 flag off for Perl 5.005.
+ }
+
+ sub utf8::upgrade {
+ }
+
+ sub utf8::downgrade {
+ 1; # must always return true.
+ }
+
+ sub utf8::encode {
+ }
+
+ sub utf8::decode {
+ }
+
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_ascii = \&_encode_ascii;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_latin1 = \&_encode_latin1;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_surrogates = \&_decode_surrogates;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_unicode = \&_decode_unicode;
+
+ # missing in B module.
+ sub B::SVp_IOK () { 0x01000000; }
+ sub B::SVp_NOK () { 0x02000000; }
+ sub B::SVp_POK () { 0x04000000; }
+
+ $INC{'bytes.pm'} = 1; # dummy
+}
+
+
+
+sub _encode_ascii {
+ join('', map { $_ <= 127 ? chr($_) : sprintf('\u%04x', $_) } unpack('C*', $_[0]) );
+}
+
+
+sub _encode_latin1 {
+ join('', map { chr($_) } unpack('C*', $_[0]) );
+}
+
+
+sub _decode_surrogates { # from http://homepage1.nifty.com/nomenclator/unicode/ucs_utf.htm
+ my $uni = 0x10000 + (hex($_[0]) - 0xD800) * 0x400 + (hex($_[1]) - 0xDC00); # from perlunicode
+ my $bit = unpack('B32', pack('N', $uni));
+
+ if ( $bit =~ /^00000000000(...)(......)(......)(......)$/ ) {
+ my ($w, $x, $y, $z) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+ return pack('B*', sprintf('11110%s10%s10%s10%s', $w, $x, $y, $z));
+ }
+ else {
+ Carp::croak("Invalid surrogate pair");
+ }
+}
+
+
+sub _decode_unicode {
+ my ($u) = @_;
+ my ($utf8bit);
+
+ if ( $u =~ /^00([89a-f][0-9a-f])$/i ) { # 0x80-0xff
+ return pack( 'H2', $1 );
+ }
+
+ my $bit = unpack("B*", pack("H*", $u));
+
+ if ( $bit =~ /^00000(.....)(......)$/ ) {
+ $utf8bit = sprintf('110%s10%s', $1, $2);
+ }
+ elsif ( $bit =~ /^(....)(......)(......)$/ ) {
+ $utf8bit = sprintf('1110%s10%s10%s', $1, $2, $3);
+ }
+ else {
+ Carp::croak("Invalid escaped unicode");
+ }
+
+ return pack('B*', $utf8bit);
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_parse {
+ local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1;
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_parse( @_ );
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_text {
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new;
+
+ if ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_parsing} ) {
+ Carp::croak("incr_text can not be called when the incremental parser already started parsing");
+ }
+
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_text} = $_[1] if ( @_ > 1 );
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_text};
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_skip {
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_skip;
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_reset {
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_reset;
+}
+
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+JSON::PP5005 - Helper module in using JSON::PP in Perl 5.005
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+JSON::PP calls internally.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
+
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
+
+Copyright 2007-2010 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
+
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/blob/98f7e8e9/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP56.pm
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP56.pm b/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP56.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5d8bfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP56.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+package JSON::PP56;
+
+use 5.006;
+use strict;
+
+my @properties;
+
+$JSON::PP56::VERSION = '1.08';
+
+BEGIN {
+
+ sub utf8::is_utf8 {
+ my $len = length $_[0]; # char length
+ {
+ use bytes; # byte length;
+ return $len != length $_[0]; # if !=, UTF8-flagged on.
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub utf8::upgrade {
+ ; # noop;
+ }
+
+
+ sub utf8::downgrade ($;$) {
+ return 1 unless ( utf8::is_utf8( $_[0] ) );
+
+ if ( _is_valid_utf8( $_[0] ) ) {
+ my $downgrade;
+ for my $c ( unpack( "U*", $_[0] ) ) {
+ if ( $c < 256 ) {
+ $downgrade .= pack("C", $c);
+ }
+ else {
+ $downgrade .= pack("U", $c);
+ }
+ }
+ $_[0] = $downgrade;
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ Carp::croak("Wide character in subroutine entry") unless ( $_[1] );
+ 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub utf8::encode ($) { # UTF8 flag off
+ if ( utf8::is_utf8( $_[0] ) ) {
+ $_[0] = pack( "C*", unpack( "C*", $_[0] ) );
+ }
+ else {
+ $_[0] = pack( "U*", unpack( "C*", $_[0] ) );
+ $_[0] = pack( "C*", unpack( "C*", $_[0] ) );
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub utf8::decode ($) { # UTF8 flag on
+ if ( _is_valid_utf8( $_[0] ) ) {
+ utf8::downgrade( $_[0] );
+ $_[0] = pack( "U*", unpack( "U*", $_[0] ) );
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_ascii = \&_encode_ascii;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_latin1 = \&_encode_latin1;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_surrogates = \&JSON::PP::_decode_surrogates;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_unicode = \&JSON::PP::_decode_unicode;
+
+ unless ( defined &B::SVp_NOK ) { # missing in B module.
+ eval q{ sub B::SVp_NOK () { 0x02000000; } };
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+
+sub _encode_ascii {
+ join('',
+ map {
+ $_ <= 127 ?
+ chr($_) :
+ $_ <= 65535 ?
+ sprintf('\u%04x', $_) : sprintf('\u%x\u%x', JSON::PP::_encode_surrogates($_));
+ } _unpack_emu($_[0])
+ );
+}
+
+
+sub _encode_latin1 {
+ join('',
+ map {
+ $_ <= 255 ?
+ chr($_) :
+ $_ <= 65535 ?
+ sprintf('\u%04x', $_) : sprintf('\u%x\u%x', JSON::PP::_encode_surrogates($_));
+ } _unpack_emu($_[0])
+ );
+}
+
+
+sub _unpack_emu { # for Perl 5.6 unpack warnings
+ return !utf8::is_utf8($_[0]) ? unpack('C*', $_[0])
+ : _is_valid_utf8($_[0]) ? unpack('U*', $_[0])
+ : unpack('C*', $_[0]);
+}
+
+
+sub _is_valid_utf8 {
+ my $str = $_[0];
+ my $is_utf8;
+
+ while ($str =~ /(?:
+ (
+ [\x00-\x7F]
+ |[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ )
+ | (.)
+ )/xg)
+ {
+ if (defined $1) {
+ $is_utf8 = 1 if (!defined $is_utf8);
+ }
+ else {
+ $is_utf8 = 0 if (!defined $is_utf8);
+ if ($is_utf8) { # eventually, not utf8
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ return $is_utf8;
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_parse {
+ local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1;
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_parse( @_ );
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_text : lvalue {
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new;
+
+ if ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_parsing} ) {
+ Carp::croak("incr_text can not be called when the incremental parser already started parsing");
+ }
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_text};
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_skip {
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_skip;
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_reset {
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_reset;
+}
+
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+JSON::PP56 - Helper module in using JSON::PP in Perl 5.6
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+JSON::PP calls internally.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
+
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
+
+Copyright 2007-2009 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
+
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/blob/98f7e8e9/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP58.pm
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP58.pm b/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP58.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1174fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/catalog/JSON/PP58.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package JSON::PP58;
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+
+my @properties;
+
+$JSON::PP58::VERSION = '1.03';
+
+
+BEGIN {
+
+ unless ( defined &utf8::is_utf8 ) {
+ require Encode;
+ *utf8::is_utf8 = *Encode::is_utf8;
+ }
+
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_ascii = \&JSON::PP::_encode_ascii;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_latin1 = \&JSON::PP::_encode_latin1;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_surrogates = \&JSON::PP::_decode_surrogates;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_unicode = \&JSON::PP::_decode_unicode;
+
+ if ($] >= 5.008 and $] < 5.008003) { # join() in 5.8.0 - 5.8.2 is broken.
+ package JSON::PP;
+ require subs;
+ subs->import('join');
+ eval q|
+ sub join {
+ return '' if (@_ < 2);
+ my $j = shift;
+ my $str = shift;
+ for (@_) { $str .= $j . $_; }
+ return $str;
+ }
+ |;
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_parse {
+ local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1;
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_parse( @_ );
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_text : lvalue {
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new;
+
+ if ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_parsing} ) {
+ Carp::croak("incr_text can not be called when the incremental parser already started parsing");
+ }
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_text};
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_skip {
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_skip;
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_reset {
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_reset;
+}
+
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+JSON::PP58 - Helper module in using JSON::PP in Perl 5.8 and lator
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+JSON::PP calls internally.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
+
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
+
+Copyright 2008-2009 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
+
[2/2] incubator-hawq git commit: Revert "HAWQ-1062. Remove ASF
incompatible Perl JSON module"
Posted by es...@apache.org.
Revert "HAWQ-1062. Remove ASF incompatible Perl JSON module"
This reverts commit eb10af42dfd23e71e6d8d46e8bbc48b5593d90c4.
Project: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/repo
Commit: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/commit/98f7e8e9
Tree: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/tree/98f7e8e9
Diff: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/diff/98f7e8e9
Branch: refs/heads/master
Commit: 98f7e8e93c944d87010b967e7f14d52215517e52
Parents: 08ed4bc
Author: Ed Espino <es...@apache.org>
Authored: Tue Sep 20 03:15:06 2016 -0700
Committer: Ed Espino <es...@apache.org>
Committed: Tue Sep 20 03:15:06 2016 -0700
----------------------------------------------------------------------
LICENSE | 3 +
licenses/LICENSE-json.txt | 131 ++
src/include/catalog/JSON.pm | 2223 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/include/catalog/JSON/PP.pm | 2191 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/include/catalog/JSON/PP/Boolean.pm | 26 +
src/include/catalog/JSON/PP5005.pm | 146 ++
src/include/catalog/JSON/PP56.pm | 198 +++
src/include/catalog/JSON/PP58.pm | 93 ++
8 files changed, 5011 insertions(+)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/blob/98f7e8e9/LICENSE
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
index 02e1967..62a4872 100644
--- a/LICENSE
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -383,6 +383,9 @@ Perl LICENSE
license. See project link for details. The text of each license is
also included at licenses/LICENSE-[project].txt.
+ JSON
+ src/include/catalog/JSON
+
plperl
src/pl/plperl
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/blob/98f7e8e9/licenses/LICENSE-json.txt
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/licenses/LICENSE-json.txt b/licenses/LICENSE-json.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71dd596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/licenses/LICENSE-json.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+Copyright 2007-2010 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
+
+The "Artistic License"
+
+Preamble
+
+The intent of this document is to state the conditions under which a
+Package may be copied, such that the Copyright Holder maintains some
+semblance of artistic control over the development of the package,
+while giving the users of the package the right to use and distribute
+the Package in a more-or-less customary fashion, plus the right to make
+reasonable modifications.
+
+Definitions:
+
+"Package" refers to the collection of files distributed by the
+Copyright Holder, and derivatives of that collection of files
+created through textual modification.
+
+"Standard Version" refers to such a Package if it has not been
+modified, or has been modified in accordance with the wishes
+of the Copyright Holder as specified below.
+
+"Copyright Holder" is whoever is named in the copyright or
+copyrights for the package.
+
+"You" is you, if you're thinking about copying or distributing
+this Package.
+
+"Reasonable copying fee" is whatever you can justify on the
+basis of media cost, duplication charges, time of people involved,
+and so on. (You will not be required to justify it to the
+ Copyright Holder, but only to the computing community at large
+ as a market that must bear the fee.)
+
+"Freely Available" means that no fee is charged for the item
+itself, though there may be fees involved in handling the item.
+It also means that recipients of the item may redistribute it
+under the same conditions they received it.
+
+1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
+Standard Version of this Package without restriction, provided that you
+duplicate all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
+
+2. You may apply bug fixes, portability fixes and other modifications
+derived from the Public Domain or from the Copyright Holder. A Package
+modified in such a way shall still be considered the Standard Version.
+
+3. You may otherwise modify your copy of this Package in any way, provided
+that you insert a prominent notice in each changed file stating how and
+when you changed that file, and provided that you do at least ONE of the
+following:
+
+a) place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise make them
+Freely Available, such as by posting said modifications to Usenet or
+an equivalent medium, or placing the modifications on a major archive
+site such as uunet.uu.net, or by allowing the Copyright Holder to include
+your modifications in the Standard Version of the Package.
+
+b) use the modified Package only within your corporation or organization.
+
+c) rename any non-standard executables so the names do not conflict
+with standard executables, which must also be provided, and provide
+a separate manual page for each non-standard executable that clearly
+documents how it differs from the Standard Version.
+
+d) make other distribution arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
+
+4. You may distribute the programs of this Package in object code or
+executable form, provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+a) distribute a Standard Version of the executables and library files,
+together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent) on where
+to get the Standard Version.
+
+b) accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of
+the Package with your modifications.
+
+c) give non-standard executables non-standard names, and clearly
+document the differences in manual pages (or equivalent), together
+with instructions on where to get the Standard Version.
+
+d) make other distribution arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
+
+5. You may charge a reasonable copying fee for any distribution of this
+Package. You may charge any fee you choose for support of this
+Package. You may not charge a fee for this Package itself. However,
+you may distribute this Package in aggregate with other (possibly
+commercial) programs as part of a larger (possibly commercial) software
+distribution provided that you do not advertise this Package as a
+product of your own. You may embed this Package's interpreter within
+an executable of yours (by linking); this shall be construed as a mere
+form of aggregation, provided that the complete Standard Version of the
+interpreter is so embedded.
+
+6. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as
+output from the programs of this Package do not automatically fall
+under the copyright of this Package, but belong to whoever generated
+them, and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this
+Package. If such scripts or library files are aggregated with this
+Package via the so-called "undump" or "unexec" methods of producing a
+binary executable image, then distribution of such an image shall
+neither be construed as a distribution of this Package nor shall it
+fall under the restrictions of Paragraphs 3 and 4, provided that you do
+not represent such an executable image as a Standard Version of this
+Package.
+
+7. C subroutines (or comparably compiled subroutines in other
+languages) supplied by you and linked into this Package in order to
+emulate subroutines and variables of the language defined by this
+Package shall not be considered part of this Package, but are the
+equivalent of input as in Paragraph 6, provided these subroutines do
+not change the language in any way that would cause it to fail the
+regression tests for the language.
+
+8. Aggregation of this Package with a commercial distribution is always
+permitted provided that the use of this Package is embedded; that is,
+when no overt attempt is made to make this Package's interfaces visible
+to the end user of the commercial distribution. Such use shall not be
+construed as a distribution of this Package.
+
+9. The name of the Copyright Holder may not be used to endorse or promote
+products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+10. THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+The End
+Contact GitHub API Training Shop Blog About
+� 2016 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Help
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hawq/blob/98f7e8e9/src/include/catalog/JSON.pm
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/JSON.pm b/src/include/catalog/JSON.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..661cb25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/catalog/JSON.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,2223 @@
+package JSON;
+
+
+use strict;
+use Carp ();
+use base qw(Exporter);
+@JSON::EXPORT = qw(from_json to_json jsonToObj objToJson encode_json decode_json);
+
+BEGIN {
+ $JSON::VERSION = '2.27';
+ $JSON::DEBUG = 0 unless (defined $JSON::DEBUG);
+}
+
+my $Module_XS = 'JSON::XS';
+my $Module_PP = 'JSON::PP';
+my $XS_Version = '2.27';
+
+
+# XS and PP common methods
+
+my @PublicMethods = qw/
+ ascii latin1 utf8 pretty indent space_before space_after relaxed canonical allow_nonref
+ allow_blessed convert_blessed filter_json_object filter_json_single_key_object
+ shrink max_depth max_size encode decode decode_prefix allow_unknown
+/;
+
+my @Properties = qw/
+ ascii latin1 utf8 indent space_before space_after relaxed canonical allow_nonref
+ allow_blessed convert_blessed shrink max_depth max_size allow_unknown
+/;
+
+my @XSOnlyMethods = qw//; # Currently nothing
+
+my @PPOnlyMethods = qw/
+ indent_length sort_by
+ allow_singlequote allow_bignum loose allow_barekey escape_slash as_nonblessed
+/; # JSON::PP specific
+
+
+# used in _load_xs and _load_pp ($INSTALL_ONLY is not used currently)
+my $_INSTALL_DONT_DIE = 1; # When _load_xs fails to load XS, don't die.
+my $_INSTALL_ONLY = 2; # Don't call _set_methods()
+my $_ALLOW_UNSUPPORTED = 0;
+my $_UNIV_CONV_BLESSED = 0;
+
+
+# Check the environment variable to decide worker module.
+
+unless ($JSON::Backend) {
+ $JSON::DEBUG and Carp::carp("Check used worker module...");
+
+ my $backend = exists $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ? $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} : 1;
+
+ if ($backend eq '1' or $backend =~ /JSON::XS\s*,\s*JSON::PP/) {
+ _load_xs($_INSTALL_DONT_DIE) or _load_pp();
+ }
+ elsif ($backend eq '0' or $backend eq 'JSON::PP') {
+ _load_pp();
+ }
+ elsif ($backend eq '2' or $backend eq 'JSON::XS') {
+ _load_xs();
+ }
+ else {
+ Carp::croak "The value of environmental variable 'PERL_JSON_BACKEND' is invalid.";
+ }
+}
+
+
+sub import {
+ my $pkg = shift;
+ my @what_to_export;
+ my $no_export;
+
+ for my $tag (@_) {
+ if ($tag eq '-support_by_pp') {
+ if (!$_ALLOW_UNSUPPORTED++) {
+ JSON::Backend::XS
+ ->support_by_pp(@PPOnlyMethods) if ($JSON::Backend eq $Module_XS);
+ }
+ next;
+ }
+ elsif ($tag eq '-no_export') {
+ $no_export++, next;
+ }
+ elsif ( $tag eq '-convert_blessed_universally' ) {
+ eval q|
+ require B;
+ *UNIVERSAL::TO_JSON = sub {
+ my $b_obj = B::svref_2object( $_[0] );
+ return $b_obj->isa('B::HV') ? { %{ $_[0] } }
+ : $b_obj->isa('B::AV') ? [ @{ $_[0] } ]
+ : undef
+ ;
+ }
+ | if ( !$_UNIV_CONV_BLESSED++ );
+ next;
+ }
+ push @what_to_export, $tag;
+ }
+
+ return if ($no_export);
+
+ __PACKAGE__->export_to_level(1, $pkg, @what_to_export);
+}
+
+
+# OBSOLETED
+
+sub jsonToObj {
+ my $alternative = 'from_json';
+ if (defined $_[0] and UNIVERSAL::isa($_[0], 'JSON')) {
+ shift @_; $alternative = 'decode';
+ }
+ Carp::carp "'jsonToObj' will be obsoleted. Please use '$alternative' instead.";
+ return JSON::from_json(@_);
+};
+
+sub objToJson {
+ my $alternative = 'to_json';
+ if (defined $_[0] and UNIVERSAL::isa($_[0], 'JSON')) {
+ shift @_; $alternative = 'encode';
+ }
+ Carp::carp "'objToJson' will be obsoleted. Please use '$alternative' instead.";
+ JSON::to_json(@_);
+};
+
+
+# INTERFACES
+
+sub to_json ($@) {
+ if ( ref($_[0]) eq 'JSON' or $_[0] eq 'JSON' ) {
+ Carp::croak "to_json should not be called as a method.";
+ }
+ my $json = new JSON;
+
+ if (@_ == 2 and ref $_[1] eq 'HASH') {
+ my $opt = $_[1];
+ for my $method (keys %$opt) {
+ $json->$method( $opt->{$method} );
+ }
+ }
+
+ $json->encode($_[0]);
+}
+
+
+sub from_json ($@) {
+ if ( ref($_[0]) eq 'JSON' or $_[0] eq 'JSON' ) {
+ Carp::croak "from_json should not be called as a method.";
+ }
+ my $json = new JSON;
+
+ if (@_ == 2 and ref $_[1] eq 'HASH') {
+ my $opt = $_[1];
+ for my $method (keys %$opt) {
+ $json->$method( $opt->{$method} );
+ }
+ }
+
+ return $json->decode( $_[0] );
+}
+
+
+sub true { $JSON::true }
+
+sub false { $JSON::false }
+
+sub null { undef; }
+
+
+sub require_xs_version { $XS_Version; }
+
+sub backend {
+ my $proto = shift;
+ $JSON::Backend;
+}
+
+#*module = *backend;
+
+
+sub is_xs {
+ return $_[0]->module eq $Module_XS;
+}
+
+
+sub is_pp {
+ return $_[0]->module eq $Module_PP;
+}
+
+
+sub pureperl_only_methods { @PPOnlyMethods; }
+
+
+sub property {
+ my ($self, $name, $value) = @_;
+
+ if (@_ == 1) {
+ my %props;
+ for $name (@Properties) {
+ my $method = 'get_' . $name;
+ if ($name eq 'max_size') {
+ my $value = $self->$method();
+ $props{$name} = $value == 1 ? 0 : $value;
+ next;
+ }
+ $props{$name} = $self->$method();
+ }
+ return \%props;
+ }
+ elsif (@_ > 3) {
+ Carp::croak('property() can take only the option within 2 arguments.');
+ }
+ elsif (@_ == 2) {
+ if ( my $method = $self->can('get_' . $name) ) {
+ if ($name eq 'max_size') {
+ my $value = $self->$method();
+ return $value == 1 ? 0 : $value;
+ }
+ $self->$method();
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ $self->$name($value);
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+
+# INTERNAL
+
+sub _load_xs {
+ my $opt = shift;
+
+ $JSON::DEBUG and Carp::carp "Load $Module_XS.";
+
+ # if called after install module, overload is disable.... why?
+ JSON::Boolean::_overrride_overload($Module_XS);
+ JSON::Boolean::_overrride_overload($Module_PP);
+
+ eval qq|
+ use $Module_XS $XS_Version ();
+ |;
+
+ if ($@) {
+ if (defined $opt and $opt & $_INSTALL_DONT_DIE) {
+ $JSON::DEBUG and Carp::carp "Can't load $Module_XS...($@)";
+ return 0;
+ }
+ Carp::croak $@;
+ }
+
+ unless (defined $opt and $opt & $_INSTALL_ONLY) {
+ _set_module( $JSON::Backend = $Module_XS );
+ my $data = join("", <DATA>); # this code is from Jcode 2.xx.
+ close(DATA);
+ eval $data;
+ JSON::Backend::XS->init;
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+};
+
+
+sub _load_pp {
+ my $opt = shift;
+
+ $JSON::DEBUG and Carp::carp "Load $Module_PP.";
+
+ # if called after install module, overload is disable.... why?
+ JSON::Boolean::_overrride_overload($Module_XS);
+ JSON::Boolean::_overrride_overload($Module_PP);
+
+ eval qq| require $Module_PP |;
+ if ($@) {
+ Carp::croak $@;
+ }
+
+ unless (defined $opt and $opt & $_INSTALL_ONLY) {
+ _set_module( $JSON::Backend = $Module_PP );
+ JSON::Backend::PP->init;
+ }
+};
+
+
+sub _set_module {
+ my $module = shift;
+
+ local $^W;
+ no strict qw(refs);
+
+ $JSON::true = ${"$module\::true"};
+ $JSON::false = ${"$module\::false"};
+
+ push @JSON::ISA, $module;
+ push @{"$module\::Boolean::ISA"}, qw(JSON::Boolean);
+
+ *{"JSON::is_bool"} = \&{"$module\::is_bool"};
+
+ for my $method ($module eq $Module_XS ? @PPOnlyMethods : @XSOnlyMethods) {
+ *{"JSON::$method"} = sub {
+ Carp::carp("$method is not supported in $module.");
+ $_[0];
+ };
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+#
+# JSON Boolean
+#
+
+package JSON::Boolean;
+
+my %Installed;
+
+sub _overrride_overload {
+ return if ($Installed{ $_[0] }++);
+
+ my $boolean = $_[0] . '::Boolean';
+
+ eval sprintf(q|
+ package %s;
+ use overload (
+ '""' => sub { ${$_[0]} == 1 ? 'true' : 'false' },
+ 'eq' => sub {
+ my ($obj, $op) = ref ($_[0]) ? ($_[0], $_[1]) : ($_[1], $_[0]);
+ if ($op eq 'true' or $op eq 'false') {
+ return "$obj" eq 'true' ? 'true' eq $op : 'false' eq $op;
+ }
+ else {
+ return $obj ? 1 == $op : 0 == $op;
+ }
+ },
+ );
+ |, $boolean);
+
+ if ($@) { Carp::croak $@; }
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+#
+# Helper classes for Backend Module (PP)
+#
+
+package JSON::Backend::PP;
+
+sub init {
+ local $^W;
+ no strict qw(refs);
+ *{"JSON::decode_json"} = \&{"JSON::PP::decode_json"};
+ *{"JSON::encode_json"} = \&{"JSON::PP::encode_json"};
+ *{"JSON::PP::is_xs"} = sub { 0 };
+ *{"JSON::PP::is_pp"} = sub { 1 };
+ return 1;
+}
+
+#
+# To save memory, the below lines are read only when XS backend is used.
+#
+
+package JSON;
+
+1;
+__DATA__
+
+
+#
+# Helper classes for Backend Module (XS)
+#
+
+package JSON::Backend::XS;
+
+use constant INDENT_LENGTH_FLAG => 15 << 12;
+
+use constant UNSUPPORTED_ENCODE_FLAG => {
+ ESCAPE_SLASH => 0x00000010,
+ ALLOW_BIGNUM => 0x00000020,
+ AS_NONBLESSED => 0x00000040,
+ EXPANDED => 0x10000000, # for developer's
+};
+
+use constant UNSUPPORTED_DECODE_FLAG => {
+ LOOSE => 0x00000001,
+ ALLOW_BIGNUM => 0x00000002,
+ ALLOW_BAREKEY => 0x00000004,
+ ALLOW_SINGLEQUOTE => 0x00000008,
+ EXPANDED => 0x20000000, # for developer's
+};
+
+
+sub init {
+ local $^W;
+ no strict qw(refs);
+ *{"JSON::decode_json"} = \&{"JSON::XS::decode_json"};
+ *{"JSON::encode_json"} = \&{"JSON::XS::encode_json"};
+ *{"JSON::XS::is_xs"} = sub { 1 };
+ *{"JSON::XS::is_pp"} = sub { 0 };
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+sub support_by_pp {
+ my ($class, @methods) = @_;
+
+ local $^W;
+ no strict qw(refs);
+
+ my $JSON_XS_encode_orignal = \&JSON::XS::encode;
+ my $JSON_XS_decode_orignal = \&JSON::XS::decode;
+ my $JSON_XS_incr_parse_orignal = \&JSON::XS::incr_parse;
+
+ *JSON::XS::decode = \&JSON::Backend::XS::Supportable::_decode;
+ *JSON::XS::encode = \&JSON::Backend::XS::Supportable::_encode;
+ *JSON::XS::incr_parse = \&JSON::Backend::XS::Supportable::_incr_parse;
+
+ *{JSON::XS::_original_decode} = $JSON_XS_decode_orignal;
+ *{JSON::XS::_original_encode} = $JSON_XS_encode_orignal;
+ *{JSON::XS::_original_incr_parse} = $JSON_XS_incr_parse_orignal;
+
+ push @JSON::Backend::XS::Supportable::ISA, 'JSON';
+
+ my $pkg = 'JSON::Backend::XS::Supportable';
+
+ *{JSON::new} = sub {
+ my $proto = new JSON::XS; $$proto = 0;
+ bless $proto, $pkg;
+ };
+
+
+ for my $method (@methods) {
+ my $flag = uc($method);
+ my $type |= (UNSUPPORTED_ENCODE_FLAG->{$flag} || 0);
+ $type |= (UNSUPPORTED_DECODE_FLAG->{$flag} || 0);
+
+ next unless($type);
+
+ $pkg->_make_unsupported_method($method => $type);
+ }
+
+ push @{"JSON::XS::Boolean::ISA"}, qw(JSON::PP::Boolean);
+ push @{"JSON::PP::Boolean::ISA"}, qw(JSON::Boolean);
+
+ $JSON::DEBUG and Carp::carp("set -support_by_pp mode.");
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+
+#
+# Helper classes for XS
+#
+
+package JSON::Backend::XS::Supportable;
+
+$Carp::Internal{'JSON::Backend::XS::Supportable'} = 1;
+
+sub _make_unsupported_method {
+ my ($pkg, $method, $type) = @_;
+
+ local $^W;
+ no strict qw(refs);
+
+ *{"$pkg\::$method"} = sub {
+ local $^W;
+ if (defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 1) {
+ ${$_[0]} |= $type;
+ }
+ else {
+ ${$_[0]} &= ~$type;
+ }
+ $_[0];
+ };
+
+ *{"$pkg\::get_$method"} = sub {
+ ${$_[0]} & $type ? 1 : '';
+ };
+
+}
+
+
+sub _set_for_pp {
+ require JSON::PP;
+ my $type = shift;
+ my $pp = new JSON::PP;
+ my $prop = $_[0]->property;
+
+ for my $name (keys %$prop) {
+ $pp->$name( $prop->{$name} ? $prop->{$name} : 0 );
+ }
+
+ my $unsupported = $type eq 'encode' ? JSON::Backend::XS::UNSUPPORTED_ENCODE_FLAG
+ : JSON::Backend::XS::UNSUPPORTED_DECODE_FLAG;
+ my $flags = ${$_[0]} || 0;
+
+ for my $name (keys %$unsupported) {
+ next if ($name eq 'EXPANDED'); # for developer's
+ my $enable = ($flags & $unsupported->{$name}) ? 1 : 0;
+ my $method = lc $name;
+ $pp->$method($enable);
+ }
+
+ $pp->indent_length( $_[0]->get_indent_length );
+
+ return $pp;
+}
+
+sub _encode { # using with PP encod
+ if (${$_[0]}) {
+ _set_for_pp('encode' => @_)->encode($_[1]);
+ }
+ else {
+ $_[0]->_original_encode( $_[1] );
+ }
+}
+
+
+sub _decode { # if unsupported-flag is set, use PP
+ if (${$_[0]}) {
+ _set_for_pp('decode' => @_)->decode($_[1]);
+ }
+ else {
+ $_[0]->_original_decode( $_[1] );
+ }
+}
+
+
+sub decode_prefix { # if unsupported-flag is set, use PP
+ _set_for_pp('decode' => @_)->decode_prefix($_[1]);
+}
+
+
+sub _incr_parse {
+ if (${$_[0]}) {
+ _set_for_pp('decode' => @_)->incr_parse($_[1]);
+ }
+ else {
+ $_[0]->_original_incr_parse( $_[1] );
+ }
+}
+
+
+sub get_indent_length {
+ ${$_[0]} << 4 >> 16;
+}
+
+
+sub indent_length {
+ my $length = $_[1];
+
+ if (!defined $length or $length > 15 or $length < 0) {
+ Carp::carp "The acceptable range of indent_length() is 0 to 15.";
+ }
+ else {
+ local $^W;
+ $length <<= 12;
+ ${$_[0]} &= ~ JSON::Backend::XS::INDENT_LENGTH_FLAG;
+ ${$_[0]} |= $length;
+ *JSON::XS::encode = \&JSON::Backend::XS::Supportable::_encode;
+ }
+
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+JSON - JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) encoder/decoder
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+ use JSON; # imports encode_json, decode_json, to_json and from_json.
+
+ # simple and fast interfaces (expect/generate UTF-8)
+
+ $utf8_encoded_json_text = encode_json $perl_hash_or_arrayref;
+ $perl_hash_or_arrayref = decode_json $utf8_encoded_json_text;
+
+ # OO-interface
+
+ $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref;
+
+ $json_text = $json->encode( $perl_scalar );
+ $perl_scalar = $json->decode( $json_text );
+
+ $pretty_printed = $json->pretty->encode( $perl_scalar ); # pretty-printing
+
+ # If you want to use PP only support features, call with '-support_by_pp'
+ # When XS unsupported feature is enable, using PP (de|en)code instead of XS ones.
+
+ use JSON -support_by_pp;
+
+ # option-acceptable interfaces (expect/generate UNICODE by default)
+
+ $json_text = to_json( $perl_scalar, { ascii => 1, pretty => 1 } );
+ $perl_scalar = from_json( $json_text, { utf8 => 1 } );
+
+ # Between (en|de)code_json and (to|from)_json, if you want to write
+ # a code which communicates to an outer world (encoded in UTF-8),
+ # recommend to use (en|de)code_json.
+
+=head1 VERSION
+
+ 2.27
+
+This version is compatible with JSON::XS B<2.27> and later.
+
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+ ************************** CAUTION ********************************
+ * This is 'JSON module version 2' and there are many differences *
+ * to version 1.xx *
+ * Please check your applications useing old version. *
+ * See to 'INCOMPATIBLE CHANGES TO OLD VERSION' *
+ *******************************************************************
+
+JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a simple data format.
+See to L<http://www.json.org/> and C<RFC4627>(L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt>).
+
+This module converts Perl data structures to JSON and vice versa using either
+L<JSON::XS> or L<JSON::PP>.
+
+JSON::XS is the fastest and most proper JSON module on CPAN which must be
+compiled and installed in your environment.
+JSON::PP is a pure-Perl module which is bundled in this distribution and
+has a strong compatibility to JSON::XS.
+
+This module try to use JSON::XS by default and fail to it, use JSON::PP instead.
+So its features completely depend on JSON::XS or JSON::PP.
+
+See to L<BACKEND MODULE DECISION>.
+
+To distinguish the module name 'JSON' and the format type JSON,
+the former is quoted by CE<lt>E<gt> (its results vary with your using media),
+and the latter is left just as it is.
+
+Module name : C<JSON>
+
+Format type : JSON
+
+=head2 FEATURES
+
+=over
+
+=item * correct unicode handling
+
+This module (i.e. backend modules) knows how to handle Unicode, documents
+how and when it does so, and even documents what "correct" means.
+
+Even though there are limitations, this feature is available since Perl version 5.6.
+
+JSON::XS requires Perl 5.8.2 (but works correctly in 5.8.8 or later), so in older versions
+C<JSON> sholud call JSON::PP as the backend which can be used since Perl 5.005.
+
+With Perl 5.8.x JSON::PP works, but from 5.8.0 to 5.8.2, because of a Perl side problem,
+JSON::PP works slower in the versions. And in 5.005, the Unicode handling is not available.
+See to L<JSON::PP/UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS> for more information.
+
+See also to L<JSON::XS/A FEW NOTES ON UNICODE AND PERL>
+and L<JSON::XS/ENCODING/CODESET_FLAG_NOTES>.
+
+
+=item * round-trip integrity
+
+When you serialise a perl data structure using only data types supported
+by JSON and Perl, the deserialised data structure is identical on the Perl
+level. (e.g. the string "2.0" doesn't suddenly become "2" just because
+it looks like a number). There I<are> minor exceptions to this, read the
+L</MAPPING> section below to learn about those.
+
+
+=item * strict checking of JSON correctness
+
+There is no guessing, no generating of illegal JSON texts by default,
+and only JSON is accepted as input by default (the latter is a security
+feature).
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/FEATURES> and L<JSON::PP/FEATURES>.
+
+=item * fast
+
+This module returns a JSON::XS object itself if available.
+Compared to other JSON modules and other serialisers such as Storable,
+JSON::XS usually compares favourably in terms of speed, too.
+
+If not available, C<JSON> returns a JSON::PP object instead of JSON::XS and
+it is very slow as pure-Perl.
+
+=item * simple to use
+
+This module has both a simple functional interface as well as an
+object oriented interface interface.
+
+=item * reasonably versatile output formats
+
+You can choose between the most compact guaranteed-single-line format possible
+(nice for simple line-based protocols), a pure-ASCII format (for when your transport
+is not 8-bit clean, still supports the whole Unicode range), or a pretty-printed
+format (for when you want to read that stuff). Or you can combine those features
+in whatever way you like.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE
+
+Some documents are copied and modified from L<JSON::XS/FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE>.
+C<to_json> and C<from_json> are additional functions.
+
+=head2 encode_json
+
+ $json_text = encode_json $perl_scalar
+
+Converts the given Perl data structure to a UTF-8 encoded, binary string.
+
+This function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $json_text = JSON->new->utf8->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+=head2 decode_json
+
+ $perl_scalar = decode_json $json_text
+
+The opposite of C<encode_json>: expects an UTF-8 (binary) string and tries
+to parse that as an UTF-8 encoded JSON text, returning the resulting
+reference.
+
+This function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $perl_scalar = JSON->new->utf8->decode($json_text)
+
+
+=head2 to_json
+
+ $json_text = to_json($perl_scalar)
+
+Converts the given Perl data structure to a json string.
+
+This function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $json_text = JSON->new->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+Takes a hash reference as the second.
+
+ $json_text = to_json($perl_scalar, $flag_hashref)
+
+So,
+
+ $json_text = encode_json($perl_scalar, {utf8 => 1, pretty => 1})
+
+equivalent to:
+
+ $json_text = JSON->new->utf8(1)->pretty(1)->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+If you want to write a modern perl code which communicates to outer world,
+you should use C<encode_json> (supposed that JSON data are encoded in UTF-8).
+
+=head2 from_json
+
+ $perl_scalar = from_json($json_text)
+
+The opposite of C<to_json>: expects a json string and tries
+to parse it, returning the resulting reference.
+
+This function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $perl_scalar = JSON->decode($json_text)
+
+Takes a hash reference as the second.
+
+ $perl_scalar = from_json($json_text, $flag_hashref)
+
+So,
+
+ $perl_scalar = from_json($json_text, {utf8 => 1})
+
+equivalent to:
+
+ $perl_scalar = JSON->new->utf8(1)->decode($json_text)
+
+If you want to write a modern perl code which communicates to outer world,
+you should use C<decode_json> (supposed that JSON data are encoded in UTF-8).
+
+=head2 JSON::is_bool
+
+ $is_boolean = JSON::is_bool($scalar)
+
+Returns true if the passed scalar represents either JSON::true or
+JSON::false, two constants that act like C<1> and C<0> respectively
+and are also used to represent JSON C<true> and C<false> in Perl strings.
+
+=head2 JSON::true
+
+Returns JSON true value which is blessed object.
+It C<isa> JSON::Boolean object.
+
+=head2 JSON::false
+
+Returns JSON false value which is blessed object.
+It C<isa> JSON::Boolean object.
+
+=head2 JSON::null
+
+Returns C<undef>.
+
+See L<MAPPING>, below, for more information on how JSON values are mapped to
+Perl.
+
+=head1 HOW DO I DECODE A DATA FROM OUTER AND ENCODE TO OUTER
+
+This section supposes that your perl vresion is 5.8 or later.
+
+If you know a JSON text from an outer world - a network, a file content, and so on,
+is encoded in UTF-8, you should use C<decode_json> or C<JSON> module object
+with C<utf8> enable. And the decoded result will contain UNICODE characters.
+
+ # from network
+ my $json = JSON->new->utf8;
+ my $json_text = CGI->new->param( 'json_data' );
+ my $perl_scalar = $json->decode( $json_text );
+
+ # from file content
+ local $/;
+ open( my $fh, '<', 'json.data' );
+ $json_text = <$fh>;
+ $perl_scalar = decode_json( $json_text );
+
+If an outer data is not encoded in UTF-8, firstly you should C<decode> it.
+
+ use Encode;
+ local $/;
+ open( my $fh, '<', 'json.data' );
+ my $encoding = 'cp932';
+ my $unicode_json_text = decode( $encoding, <$fh> ); # UNICODE
+
+ # or you can write the below code.
+ #
+ # open( my $fh, "<:encoding($encoding)", 'json.data' );
+ # $unicode_json_text = <$fh>;
+
+In this case, C<$unicode_json_text> is of course UNICODE string.
+So you B<cannot> use C<decode_json> nor C<JSON> module object with C<utf8> enable.
+Instead of them, you use C<JSON> module object with C<utf8> disable or C<from_json>.
+
+ $perl_scalar = $json->utf8(0)->decode( $unicode_json_text );
+ # or
+ $perl_scalar = from_json( $unicode_json_text );
+
+Or C<encode 'utf8'> and C<decode_json>:
+
+ $perl_scalar = decode_json( encode( 'utf8', $unicode_json_text ) );
+ # this way is not efficient.
+
+And now, you want to convert your C<$perl_scalar> into JSON data and
+send it to an outer world - a network or a file content, and so on.
+
+Your data usually contains UNICODE strings and you want the converted data to be encoded
+in UTF-8, you should use C<encode_json> or C<JSON> module object with C<utf8> enable.
+
+ print encode_json( $perl_scalar ); # to a network? file? or display?
+ # or
+ print $json->utf8->encode( $perl_scalar );
+
+If C<$perl_scalar> does not contain UNICODE but C<$encoding>-encoded strings
+for some reason, then its characters are regarded as B<latin1> for perl
+(because it does not concern with your $encoding).
+You B<cannot> use C<encode_json> nor C<JSON> module object with C<utf8> enable.
+Instead of them, you use C<JSON> module object with C<utf8> disable or C<to_json>.
+Note that the resulted text is a UNICODE string but no problem to print it.
+
+ # $perl_scalar contains $encoding encoded string values
+ $unicode_json_text = $json->utf8(0)->encode( $perl_scalar );
+ # or
+ $unicode_json_text = to_json( $perl_scalar );
+ # $unicode_json_text consists of characters less than 0x100
+ print $unicode_json_text;
+
+Or C<decode $encoding> all string values and C<encode_json>:
+
+ $perl_scalar->{ foo } = decode( $encoding, $perl_scalar->{ foo } );
+ # ... do it to each string values, then encode_json
+ $json_text = encode_json( $perl_scalar );
+
+This method is a proper way but probably not efficient.
+
+See to L<Encode>, L<perluniintro>.
+
+
+=head1 COMMON OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
+
+=head2 new
+
+ $json = new JSON
+
+Returns a new C<JSON> object inherited from either JSON::XS or JSON::PP
+that can be used to de/encode JSON strings.
+
+All boolean flags described below are by default I<disabled>.
+
+The mutators for flags all return the JSON object again and thus calls can
+be chained:
+
+ my $json = JSON->new->utf8->space_after->encode({a => [1,2]})
+ => {"a": [1, 2]}
+
+=head2 ascii
+
+ $json = $json->ascii([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_ascii
+
+If $enable is true (or missing), then the encode method will not generate characters outside
+the code range 0..127. Any Unicode characters outside that range will be escaped using either
+a single \uXXXX or a double \uHHHH\uLLLLL escape sequence, as per RFC4627.
+
+If $enable is false, then the encode method will not escape Unicode characters unless
+required by the JSON syntax or other flags. This results in a faster and more compact format.
+
+This feature depends on the used Perl version and environment.
+
+See to L<JSON::PP/UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS> if the backend is PP.
+
+ JSON->new->ascii(1)->encode([chr 0x10401])
+ => ["\ud801\udc01"]
+
+=head2 latin1
+
+ $json = $json->latin1([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_latin1
+
+If $enable is true (or missing), then the encode method will encode the resulting JSON
+text as latin1 (or iso-8859-1), escaping any characters outside the code range 0..255.
+
+If $enable is false, then the encode method will not escape Unicode characters
+unless required by the JSON syntax or other flags.
+
+ JSON->new->latin1->encode (["\x{89}\x{abc}"]
+ => ["\x{89}\\u0abc"] # (perl syntax, U+abc escaped, U+89 not)
+
+=head2 utf8
+
+ $json = $json->utf8([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_utf8
+
+If $enable is true (or missing), then the encode method will encode the JSON result
+into UTF-8, as required by many protocols, while the decode method expects to be handled
+an UTF-8-encoded string. Please note that UTF-8-encoded strings do not contain any
+characters outside the range 0..255, they are thus useful for bytewise/binary I/O.
+
+In future versions, enabling this option might enable autodetection of the UTF-16 and UTF-32
+encoding families, as described in RFC4627.
+
+If $enable is false, then the encode method will return the JSON string as a (non-encoded)
+Unicode string, while decode expects thus a Unicode string. Any decoding or encoding
+(e.g. to UTF-8 or UTF-16) needs to be done yourself, e.g. using the Encode module.
+
+
+Example, output UTF-16BE-encoded JSON:
+
+ use Encode;
+ $jsontext = encode "UTF-16BE", JSON::XS->new->encode ($object);
+
+Example, decode UTF-32LE-encoded JSON:
+
+ use Encode;
+ $object = JSON::XS->new->decode (decode "UTF-32LE", $jsontext);
+
+See to L<JSON::PP/UNICODE HANDLING ON PERLS> if the backend is PP.
+
+
+=head2 pretty
+
+ $json = $json->pretty([$enable])
+
+This enables (or disables) all of the C<indent>, C<space_before> and
+C<space_after> (and in the future possibly more) flags in one call to
+generate the most readable (or most compact) form possible.
+
+Equivalent to:
+
+ $json->indent->space_before->space_after
+
+The indent space length is three and JSON::XS cannot change the indent
+space length.
+
+=head2 indent
+
+ $json = $json->indent([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_indent
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will use a multiline
+format as output, putting every array member or object/hash key-value pair
+into its own line, identing them properly.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, no newlines or indenting will be produced, and the
+resulting JSON text is guarenteed not to contain any C<newlines>.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+The indent space length is three.
+With JSON::PP, you can also access C<indent_length> to change indent space length.
+
+
+=head2 space_before
+
+ $json = $json->space_before([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_space_before
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will add an extra
+optional space before the C<:> separating keys from values in JSON objects.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not add any extra
+space at those places.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+Example, space_before enabled, space_after and indent disabled:
+
+ {"key" :"value"}
+
+
+=head2 space_after
+
+ $json = $json->space_after([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_space_after
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will add an extra
+optional space after the C<:> separating keys from values in JSON objects
+and extra whitespace after the C<,> separating key-value pairs and array
+members.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not add any extra
+space at those places.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+Example, space_before and indent disabled, space_after enabled:
+
+ {"key": "value"}
+
+
+=head2 relaxed
+
+ $json = $json->relaxed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_relaxed
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept some
+extensions to normal JSON syntax (see below). C<encode> will not be
+affected in anyway. I<Be aware that this option makes you accept invalid
+JSON texts as if they were valid!>. I suggest only to use this option to
+parse application-specific files written by humans (configuration files,
+resource files etc.)
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<decode> will only accept
+valid JSON texts.
+
+Currently accepted extensions are:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item * list items can have an end-comma
+
+JSON I<separates> array elements and key-value pairs with commas. This
+can be annoying if you write JSON texts manually and want to be able to
+quickly append elements, so this extension accepts comma at the end of
+such items not just between them:
+
+ [
+ 1,
+ 2, <- this comma not normally allowed
+ ]
+ {
+ "k1": "v1",
+ "k2": "v2", <- this comma not normally allowed
+ }
+
+=item * shell-style '#'-comments
+
+Whenever JSON allows whitespace, shell-style comments are additionally
+allowed. They are terminated by the first carriage-return or line-feed
+character, after which more white-space and comments are allowed.
+
+ [
+ 1, # this comment not allowed in JSON
+ # neither this one...
+ ]
+
+=back
+
+
+=head2 canonical
+
+ $json = $json->canonical([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_canonical
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will output JSON objects
+by sorting their keys. This is adding a comparatively high overhead.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will output key-value
+pairs in the order Perl stores them (which will likely change between runs
+of the same script).
+
+This option is useful if you want the same data structure to be encoded as
+the same JSON text (given the same overall settings). If it is disabled,
+the same hash might be encoded differently even if contains the same data,
+as key-value pairs have no inherent ordering in Perl.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+=head2 allow_nonref
+
+ $json = $json->allow_nonref([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_nonref
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method can convert a
+non-reference into its corresponding string, number or null JSON value,
+which is an extension to RFC4627. Likewise, C<decode> will accept those JSON
+values instead of croaking.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will croak if it isn't
+passed an arrayref or hashref, as JSON texts must either be an object
+or array. Likewise, C<decode> will croak if given something that is not a
+JSON object or array.
+
+ JSON->new->allow_nonref->encode ("Hello, World!")
+ => "Hello, World!"
+
+=head2 allow_unknown
+
+ $json = $json->allow_unknown ([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_unknown
+
+If $enable is true (or missing), then "encode" will *not* throw an
+exception when it encounters values it cannot represent in JSON (for
+example, filehandles) but instead will encode a JSON "null" value.
+Note that blessed objects are not included here and are handled
+separately by c<allow_nonref>.
+
+If $enable is false (the default), then "encode" will throw an
+exception when it encounters anything it cannot encode as JSON.
+
+This option does not affect "decode" in any way, and it is
+recommended to leave it off unless you know your communications
+partner.
+
+=head2 allow_blessed
+
+ $json = $json->allow_blessed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_blessed
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will not
+barf when it encounters a blessed reference. Instead, the value of the
+B<convert_blessed> option will decide whether C<null> (C<convert_blessed>
+disabled or no C<TO_JSON> method found) or a representation of the
+object (C<convert_blessed> enabled and C<TO_JSON> method found) is being
+encoded. Has no effect on C<decode>.
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<encode> will throw an
+exception when it encounters a blessed object.
+
+
+=head2 convert_blessed
+
+ $json = $json->convert_blessed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_convert_blessed
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode>, upon encountering a
+blessed object, will check for the availability of the C<TO_JSON> method
+on the object's class. If found, it will be called in scalar context
+and the resulting scalar will be encoded instead of the object. If no
+C<TO_JSON> method is found, the value of C<allow_blessed> will decide what
+to do.
+
+The C<TO_JSON> method may safely call die if it wants. If C<TO_JSON>
+returns other blessed objects, those will be handled in the same
+way. C<TO_JSON> must take care of not causing an endless recursion cycle
+(== crash) in this case. The name of C<TO_JSON> was chosen because other
+methods called by the Perl core (== not by the user of the object) are
+usually in upper case letters and to avoid collisions with the C<to_json>
+function or method.
+
+This setting does not yet influence C<decode> in any way.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<allow_blessed> setting will decide what
+to do when a blessed object is found.
+
+=over
+
+=item convert_blessed_universally mode
+
+If use C<JSON> with C<-convert_blessed_universally>, the C<UNIVERSAL::TO_JSON>
+subroutine is defined as the below code:
+
+ *UNIVERSAL::TO_JSON = sub {
+ my $b_obj = B::svref_2object( $_[0] );
+ return $b_obj->isa('B::HV') ? { %{ $_[0] } }
+ : $b_obj->isa('B::AV') ? [ @{ $_[0] } ]
+ : undef
+ ;
+ }
+
+This will cause that C<encode> method converts simple blessed objects into
+JSON objects as non-blessed object.
+
+ JSON -convert_blessed_universally;
+ $json->allow_blessed->convert_blessed->encode( $blessed_object )
+
+This feature is experimental and may be removed in the future.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 filter_json_object
+
+ $json = $json->filter_json_object([$coderef])
+
+When C<$coderef> is specified, it will be called from C<decode> each
+time it decodes a JSON object. The only argument passed to the coderef
+is a reference to the newly-created hash. If the code references returns
+a single scalar (which need not be a reference), this value
+(i.e. a copy of that scalar to avoid aliasing) is inserted into the
+deserialised data structure. If it returns an empty list
+(NOTE: I<not> C<undef>, which is a valid scalar), the original deserialised
+hash will be inserted. This setting can slow down decoding considerably.
+
+When C<$coderef> is omitted or undefined, any existing callback will
+be removed and C<decode> will not change the deserialised hash in any
+way.
+
+Example, convert all JSON objects into the integer 5:
+
+ my $js = JSON->new->filter_json_object (sub { 5 });
+ # returns [5]
+ $js->decode ('[{}]'); # the given subroutine takes a hash reference.
+ # throw an exception because allow_nonref is not enabled
+ # so a lone 5 is not allowed.
+ $js->decode ('{"a":1, "b":2}');
+
+
+=head2 filter_json_single_key_object
+
+ $json = $json->filter_json_single_key_object($key [=> $coderef])
+
+Works remotely similar to C<filter_json_object>, but is only called for
+JSON objects having a single key named C<$key>.
+
+This C<$coderef> is called before the one specified via
+C<filter_json_object>, if any. It gets passed the single value in the JSON
+object. If it returns a single value, it will be inserted into the data
+structure. If it returns nothing (not even C<undef> but the empty list),
+the callback from C<filter_json_object> will be called next, as if no
+single-key callback were specified.
+
+If C<$coderef> is omitted or undefined, the corresponding callback will be
+disabled. There can only ever be one callback for a given key.
+
+As this callback gets called less often then the C<filter_json_object>
+one, decoding speed will not usually suffer as much. Therefore, single-key
+objects make excellent targets to serialise Perl objects into, especially
+as single-key JSON objects are as close to the type-tagged value concept
+as JSON gets (it's basically an ID/VALUE tuple). Of course, JSON does not
+support this in any way, so you need to make sure your data never looks
+like a serialised Perl hash.
+
+Typical names for the single object key are C<__class_whatever__>, or
+C<$__dollars_are_rarely_used__$> or C<}ugly_brace_placement>, or even
+things like C<__class_md5sum(classname)__>, to reduce the risk of clashing
+with real hashes.
+
+Example, decode JSON objects of the form C<< { "__widget__" => <id> } >>
+into the corresponding C<< $WIDGET{<id>} >> object:
+
+ # return whatever is in $WIDGET{5}:
+ JSON
+ ->new
+ ->filter_json_single_key_object (__widget__ => sub {
+ $WIDGET{ $_[0] }
+ })
+ ->decode ('{"__widget__": 5')
+
+ # this can be used with a TO_JSON method in some "widget" class
+ # for serialisation to json:
+ sub WidgetBase::TO_JSON {
+ my ($self) = @_;
+
+ unless ($self->{id}) {
+ $self->{id} = ..get..some..id..;
+ $WIDGET{$self->{id}} = $self;
+ }
+
+ { __widget__ => $self->{id} }
+ }
+
+
+=head2 shrink
+
+ $json = $json->shrink([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_shrink
+
+With JSON::XS, this flag resizes strings generated by either
+C<encode> or C<decode> to their minimum size possible. This can save
+memory when your JSON texts are either very very long or you have many
+short strings. It will also try to downgrade any strings to octet-form
+if possible: perl stores strings internally either in an encoding called
+UTF-X or in octet-form. The latter cannot store everything but uses less
+space in general (and some buggy Perl or C code might even rely on that
+internal representation being used).
+
+With JSON::PP, it is noop about resizing strings but tries
+C<utf8::downgrade> to the returned string by C<encode>. See to L<utf8>.
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE> and L<JSON::PP/METHODS>.
+
+=head2 max_depth
+
+ $json = $json->max_depth([$maximum_nesting_depth])
+
+ $max_depth = $json->get_max_depth
+
+Sets the maximum nesting level (default C<512>) accepted while encoding
+or decoding. If a higher nesting level is detected in JSON text or a Perl
+data structure, then the encoder and decoder will stop and croak at that
+point.
+
+Nesting level is defined by number of hash- or arrayrefs that the encoder
+needs to traverse to reach a given point or the number of C<{> or C<[>
+characters without their matching closing parenthesis crossed to reach a
+given character in a string.
+
+If no argument is given, the highest possible setting will be used, which
+is rarely useful.
+
+Note that nesting is implemented by recursion in C. The default value has
+been chosen to be as large as typical operating systems allow without
+crashing. (JSON::XS)
+
+With JSON::PP as the backend, when a large value (100 or more) was set and
+it de/encodes a deep nested object/text, it may raise a warning
+'Deep recursion on subroutin' at the perl runtime phase.
+
+See L<JSON::XS/SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS> for more info on why this is useful.
+
+=head2 max_size
+
+ $json = $json->max_size([$maximum_string_size])
+
+ $max_size = $json->get_max_size
+
+Set the maximum length a JSON text may have (in bytes) where decoding is
+being attempted. The default is C<0>, meaning no limit. When C<decode>
+is called on a string that is longer then this many bytes, it will not
+attempt to decode the string but throw an exception. This setting has no
+effect on C<encode> (yet).
+
+If no argument is given, the limit check will be deactivated (same as when
+C<0> is specified).
+
+See L<JSON::XS/SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS>, below, for more info on why this is useful.
+
+=head2 encode
+
+ $json_text = $json->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+Converts the given Perl data structure (a simple scalar or a reference
+to a hash or array) to its JSON representation. Simple scalars will be
+converted into JSON string or number sequences, while references to arrays
+become JSON arrays and references to hashes become JSON objects. Undefined
+Perl values (e.g. C<undef>) become JSON C<null> values.
+References to the integers C<0> and C<1> are converted into C<true> and C<false>.
+
+=head2 decode
+
+ $perl_scalar = $json->decode($json_text)
+
+The opposite of C<encode>: expects a JSON text and tries to parse it,
+returning the resulting simple scalar or reference. Croaks on error.
+
+JSON numbers and strings become simple Perl scalars. JSON arrays become
+Perl arrayrefs and JSON objects become Perl hashrefs. C<true> becomes
+C<1> (C<JSON::true>), C<false> becomes C<0> (C<JSON::false>) and
+C<null> becomes C<undef>.
+
+=head2 decode_prefix
+
+ ($perl_scalar, $characters) = $json->decode_prefix($json_text)
+
+This works like the C<decode> method, but instead of raising an exception
+when there is trailing garbage after the first JSON object, it will
+silently stop parsing there and return the number of characters consumed
+so far.
+
+ JSON->new->decode_prefix ("[1] the tail")
+ => ([], 3)
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE>
+
+=head2 property
+
+ $boolean = $json->property($property_name)
+
+Returns a boolean value about above some properties.
+
+The available properties are C<ascii>, C<latin1>, C<utf8>,
+C<indent>,C<space_before>, C<space_after>, C<relaxed>, C<canonical>,
+C<allow_nonref>, C<allow_unknown>, C<allow_blessed>, C<convert_blessed>,
+C<shrink>, C<max_depth> and C<max_size>.
+
+ $boolean = $json->property('utf8');
+ => 0
+ $json->utf8;
+ $boolean = $json->property('utf8');
+ => 1
+
+Sets the property with a given boolean value.
+
+ $json = $json->property($property_name => $boolean);
+
+With no argumnt, it returns all the above properties as a hash reference.
+
+ $flag_hashref = $json->property();
+
+=head1 INCREMENTAL PARSING
+
+Most of this section are copied and modified from L<JSON::XS/INCREMENTAL PARSING>.
+
+In some cases, there is the need for incremental parsing of JSON texts.
+This module does allow you to parse a JSON stream incrementally.
+It does so by accumulating text until it has a full JSON object, which
+it then can decode. This process is similar to using C<decode_prefix>
+to see if a full JSON object is available, but is much more efficient
+(and can be implemented with a minimum of method calls).
+
+The backend module will only attempt to parse the JSON text once it is sure it
+has enough text to get a decisive result, using a very simple but
+truly incremental parser. This means that it sometimes won't stop as
+early as the full parser, for example, it doesn't detect parenthese
+mismatches. The only thing it guarantees is that it starts decoding as
+soon as a syntactically valid JSON text has been seen. This means you need
+to set resource limits (e.g. C<max_size>) to ensure the parser will stop
+parsing in the presence if syntax errors.
+
+The following methods implement this incremental parser.
+
+=head2 incr_parse
+
+ $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # void context
+
+ $obj_or_undef = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # scalar context
+
+ @obj_or_empty = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # list context
+
+This is the central parsing function. It can both append new text and
+extract objects from the stream accumulated so far (both of these
+functions are optional).
+
+If C<$string> is given, then this string is appended to the already
+existing JSON fragment stored in the C<$json> object.
+
+After that, if the function is called in void context, it will simply
+return without doing anything further. This can be used to add more text
+in as many chunks as you want.
+
+If the method is called in scalar context, then it will try to extract
+exactly I<one> JSON object. If that is successful, it will return this
+object, otherwise it will return C<undef>. If there is a parse error,
+this method will croak just as C<decode> would do (one can then use
+C<incr_skip> to skip the errornous part). This is the most common way of
+using the method.
+
+And finally, in list context, it will try to extract as many objects
+from the stream as it can find and return them, or the empty list
+otherwise. For this to work, there must be no separators between the JSON
+objects or arrays, instead they must be concatenated back-to-back. If
+an error occurs, an exception will be raised as in the scalar context
+case. Note that in this case, any previously-parsed JSON texts will be
+lost.
+
+Example: Parse some JSON arrays/objects in a given string and return them.
+
+ my @objs = JSON->new->incr_parse ("[5][7][1,2]");
+
+=head2 incr_text
+
+ $lvalue_string = $json->incr_text
+
+This method returns the currently stored JSON fragment as an lvalue, that
+is, you can manipulate it. This I<only> works when a preceding call to
+C<incr_parse> in I<scalar context> successfully returned an object. Under
+all other circumstances you must not call this function (I mean it.
+although in simple tests it might actually work, it I<will> fail under
+real world conditions). As a special exception, you can also call this
+method before having parsed anything.
+
+This function is useful in two cases: a) finding the trailing text after a
+JSON object or b) parsing multiple JSON objects separated by non-JSON text
+(such as commas).
+
+ $json->incr_text =~ s/\s*,\s*//;
+
+In Perl 5.005, C<lvalue> attribute is not available.
+You must write codes like the below:
+
+ $string = $json->incr_text;
+ $string =~ s/\s*,\s*//;
+ $json->incr_text( $string );
+
+=head2 incr_skip
+
+ $json->incr_skip
+
+This will reset the state of the incremental parser and will remove the
+parsed text from the input buffer. This is useful after C<incr_parse>
+died, in which case the input buffer and incremental parser state is left
+unchanged, to skip the text parsed so far and to reset the parse state.
+
+=head2 incr_reset
+
+ $json->incr_reset
+
+This completely resets the incremental parser, that is, after this call,
+it will be as if the parser had never parsed anything.
+
+This is useful if you want ot repeatedly parse JSON objects and want to
+ignore any trailing data, which means you have to reset the parser after
+each successful decode.
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/INCREMENTAL PARSING> for examples.
+
+
+=head1 JSON::PP SUPPORT METHODS
+
+The below methods are JSON::PP own methods, so when C<JSON> works
+with JSON::PP (i.e. the created object is a JSON::PP object), available.
+See to L<JSON::PP/JSON::PP OWN METHODS> in detail.
+
+If you use C<JSON> with additonal C<-support_by_pp>, some methods
+are available even with JSON::XS. See to L<USE PP FEATURES EVEN THOUGH XS BACKEND>.
+
+ BEING { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} = 'JSON::XS' }
+
+ use JSON -support_by_pp;
+
+ my $json = new JSON;
+ $json->allow_nonref->escape_slash->encode("/");
+
+ # functional interfaces too.
+ print to_json(["/"], {escape_slash => 1});
+ print from_json('["foo"]', {utf8 => 1});
+
+If you do not want to all functions but C<-support_by_pp>,
+use C<-no_export>.
+
+ use JSON -support_by_pp, -no_export;
+ # functional interfaces are not exported.
+
+=head2 allow_singlequote
+
+ $json = $json->allow_singlequote([$enable])
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept
+any JSON strings quoted by single quotations that are invalid JSON
+format.
+
+ $json->allow_singlequote->decode({"foo":'bar'});
+ $json->allow_singlequote->decode({'foo':"bar"});
+ $json->allow_singlequote->decode({'foo':'bar'});
+
+As same as the C<relaxed> option, this option may be used to parse
+application-specific files written by humans.
+
+=head2 allow_barekey
+
+ $json = $json->allow_barekey([$enable])
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept
+bare keys of JSON object that are invalid JSON format.
+
+As same as the C<relaxed> option, this option may be used to parse
+application-specific files written by humans.
+
+ $json->allow_barekey->decode('{foo:"bar"}');
+
+=head2 allow_bignum
+
+ $json = $json->allow_bignum([$enable])
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will convert
+the big integer Perl cannot handle as integer into a L<Math::BigInt>
+object and convert a floating number (any) into a L<Math::BigFloat>.
+
+On the contary, C<encode> converts C<Math::BigInt> objects and C<Math::BigFloat>
+objects into JSON numbers with C<allow_blessed> enable.
+
+ $json->allow_nonref->allow_blessed->allow_bignum;
+ $bigfloat = $json->decode('2.000000000000000000000000001');
+ print $json->encode($bigfloat);
+ # => 2.000000000000000000000000001
+
+See to L<MAPPING> aboout the conversion of JSON number.
+
+=head2 loose
+
+ $json = $json->loose([$enable])
+
+The unescaped [\x00-\x1f\x22\x2f\x5c] strings are invalid in JSON strings
+and the module doesn't allow to C<decode> to these (except for \x2f).
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept these
+unescaped strings.
+
+ $json->loose->decode(qq|["abc
+ def"]|);
+
+See to L<JSON::PP/JSON::PP OWN METHODS>.
+
+=head2 escape_slash
+
+ $json = $json->escape_slash([$enable])
+
+According to JSON Grammar, I<slash> (U+002F) is escaped. But by default
+JSON backend modules encode strings without escaping slash.
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode> will escape slashes.
+
+=head2 indent_length
+
+ $json = $json->indent_length($length)
+
+With JSON::XS, The indent space length is 3 and cannot be changed.
+With JSON::PP, it sets the indent space length with the given $length.
+The default is 3. The acceptable range is 0 to 15.
+
+=head2 sort_by
+
+ $json = $json->sort_by($function_name)
+ $json = $json->sort_by($subroutine_ref)
+
+If $function_name or $subroutine_ref are set, its sort routine are used.
+
+ $js = $pc->sort_by(sub { $JSON::PP::a cmp $JSON::PP::b })->encode($obj);
+ # is($js, q|{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5,"f":6,"g":7,"h":8,"i":9}|);
+
+ $js = $pc->sort_by('own_sort')->encode($obj);
+ # is($js, q|{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5,"f":6,"g":7,"h":8,"i":9}|);
+
+ sub JSON::PP::own_sort { $JSON::PP::a cmp $JSON::PP::b }
+
+As the sorting routine runs in the JSON::PP scope, the given
+subroutine name and the special variables C<$a>, C<$b> will begin
+with 'JSON::PP::'.
+
+If $integer is set, then the effect is same as C<canonical> on.
+
+See to L<JSON::PP/JSON::PP OWN METHODS>.
+
+=head1 MAPPING
+
+This section is copied from JSON::XS and modified to C<JSON>.
+JSON::XS and JSON::PP mapping mechanisms are almost equivalent.
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/MAPPING>.
+
+=head2 JSON -> PERL
+
+=over 4
+
+=item object
+
+A JSON object becomes a reference to a hash in Perl. No ordering of object
+keys is preserved (JSON does not preserver object key ordering itself).
+
+=item array
+
+A JSON array becomes a reference to an array in Perl.
+
+=item string
+
+A JSON string becomes a string scalar in Perl - Unicode codepoints in JSON
+are represented by the same codepoints in the Perl string, so no manual
+decoding is necessary.
+
+=item number
+
+A JSON number becomes either an integer, numeric (floating point) or
+string scalar in perl, depending on its range and any fractional parts. On
+the Perl level, there is no difference between those as Perl handles all
+the conversion details, but an integer may take slightly less memory and
+might represent more values exactly than floating point numbers.
+
+If the number consists of digits only, C<JSON> will try to represent
+it as an integer value. If that fails, it will try to represent it as
+a numeric (floating point) value if that is possible without loss of
+precision. Otherwise it will preserve the number as a string value (in
+which case you lose roundtripping ability, as the JSON number will be
+re-encoded toa JSON string).
+
+Numbers containing a fractional or exponential part will always be
+represented as numeric (floating point) values, possibly at a loss of
+precision (in which case you might lose perfect roundtripping ability, but
+the JSON number will still be re-encoded as a JSON number).
+
+Note that precision is not accuracy - binary floating point values cannot
+represent most decimal fractions exactly, and when converting from and to
+floating point, C<JSON> only guarantees precision up to but not including
+the leats significant bit.
+
+If the backend is JSON::PP and C<allow_bignum> is enable, the big integers
+and the numeric can be optionally converted into L<Math::BigInt> and
+L<Math::BigFloat> objects.
+
+=item true, false
+
+These JSON atoms become C<JSON::true> and C<JSON::false>,
+respectively. They are overloaded to act almost exactly like the numbers
+C<1> and C<0>. You can check wether a scalar is a JSON boolean by using
+the C<JSON::is_bool> function.
+
+If C<JSON::true> and C<JSON::false> are used as strings or compared as strings,
+they represent as C<true> and C<false> respectively.
+
+ print JSON::true . "\n";
+ => true
+ print JSON::true + 1;
+ => 1
+
+ ok(JSON::true eq 'true');
+ ok(JSON::true eq '1');
+ ok(JSON::true == 1);
+
+C<JSON> will install these missing overloading features to the backend modules.
+
+
+=item null
+
+A JSON null atom becomes C<undef> in Perl.
+
+C<JSON::null> returns C<unddef>.
+
+=back
+
+
+=head2 PERL -> JSON
+
+The mapping from Perl to JSON is slightly more difficult, as Perl is a
+truly typeless language, so we can only guess which JSON type is meant by
+a Perl value.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item hash references
+
+Perl hash references become JSON objects. As there is no inherent ordering
+in hash keys (or JSON objects), they will usually be encoded in a
+pseudo-random order that can change between runs of the same program but
+stays generally the same within a single run of a program. C<JSON>
+optionally sort the hash keys (determined by the I<canonical> flag), so
+the same datastructure will serialise to the same JSON text (given same
+settings and version of JSON::XS), but this incurs a runtime overhead
+and is only rarely useful, e.g. when you want to compare some JSON text
+against another for equality.
+
+In future, the ordered object feature will be added to JSON::PP using C<tie> mechanism.
+
+
+=item array references
+
+Perl array references become JSON arrays.
+
+=item other references
+
+Other unblessed references are generally not allowed and will cause an
+exception to be thrown, except for references to the integers C<0> and
+C<1>, which get turned into C<false> and C<true> atoms in JSON. You can
+also use C<JSON::false> and C<JSON::true> to improve readability.
+
+ to_json [\0,JSON::true] # yields [false,true]
+
+=item JSON::true, JSON::false, JSON::null
+
+These special values become JSON true and JSON false values,
+respectively. You can also use C<\1> and C<\0> directly if you want.
+
+JSON::null returns C<undef>.
+
+=item blessed objects
+
+Blessed objects are not directly representable in JSON. See the
+C<allow_blessed> and C<convert_blessed> methods on various options on
+how to deal with this: basically, you can choose between throwing an
+exception, encoding the reference as if it weren't blessed, or provide
+your own serialiser method.
+
+With C<convert_blessed_universally> mode, C<encode> converts blessed
+hash references or blessed array references (contains other blessed references)
+into JSON members and arrays.
+
+ use JSON -convert_blessed_universally;
+ JSON->new->allow_blessed->convert_blessed->encode( $blessed_object );
+
+See to L<convert_blessed>.
+
+=item simple scalars
+
+Simple Perl scalars (any scalar that is not a reference) are the most
+difficult objects to encode: JSON::XS and JSON::PP will encode undefined scalars as
+JSON C<null> values, scalars that have last been used in a string context
+before encoding as JSON strings, and anything else as number value:
+
+ # dump as number
+ encode_json [2] # yields [2]
+ encode_json [-3.0e17] # yields [-3e+17]
+ my $value = 5; encode_json [$value] # yields [5]
+
+ # used as string, so dump as string
+ print $value;
+ encode_json [$value] # yields ["5"]
+
+ # undef becomes null
+ encode_json [undef] # yields [null]
+
+You can force the type to be a string by stringifying it:
+
+ my $x = 3.1; # some variable containing a number
+ "$x"; # stringified
+ $x .= ""; # another, more awkward way to stringify
+ print $x; # perl does it for you, too, quite often
+
+You can force the type to be a number by numifying it:
+
+ my $x = "3"; # some variable containing a string
+ $x += 0; # numify it, ensuring it will be dumped as a number
+ $x *= 1; # same thing, the choise is yours.
+
+You can not currently force the type in other, less obscure, ways.
+
+Note that numerical precision has the same meaning as under Perl (so
+binary to decimal conversion follows the same rules as in Perl, which
+can differ to other languages). Also, your perl interpreter might expose
+extensions to the floating point numbers of your platform, such as
+infinities or NaN's - these cannot be represented in JSON, and it is an
+error to pass those in.
+
+=item Big Number
+
+If the backend is JSON::PP and C<allow_bignum> is enable,
+C<encode> converts C<Math::BigInt> objects and C<Math::BigFloat>
+objects into JSON numbers.
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 JSON and ECMAscript
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/JSON and ECMAscript>.
+
+=head1 JSON and YAML
+
+JSON is not a subset of YAML.
+See to L<JSON::XS/JSON and YAML>.
+
+
+=head1 BACKEND MODULE DECISION
+
+When you use C<JSON>, C<JSON> tries to C<use> JSON::XS. If this call failed, it will
+C<uses> JSON::PP. The required JSON::XS version is I<2.2> or later.
+
+The C<JSON> constructor method returns an object inherited from the backend module,
+and JSON::XS object is a blessed scaler reference while JSON::PP is a blessed hash
+reference.
+
+So, your program should not depend on the backend module, especially
+returned objects should not be modified.
+
+ my $json = JSON->new; # XS or PP?
+ $json->{stash} = 'this is xs object'; # this code may raise an error!
+
+To check the backend module, there are some methods - C<backend>, C<is_pp> and C<is_xs>.
+
+ JSON->backend; # 'JSON::XS' or 'JSON::PP'
+
+ JSON->backend->is_pp: # 0 or 1
+
+ JSON->backend->is_xs: # 1 or 0
+
+ $json->is_xs; # 1 or 0
+
+ $json->is_pp; # 0 or 1
+
+
+If you set an enviornment variable C<PERL_JSON_BACKEND>, The calling action will be changed.
+
+=over
+
+=item PERL_JSON_BACKEND = 0 or PERL_JSON_BACKEND = 'JSON::PP'
+
+Always use JSON::PP
+
+=item PERL_JSON_BACKEND == 1 or PERL_JSON_BACKEND = 'JSON::XS,JSON::PP'
+
+(The default) Use compiled JSON::XS if it is properly compiled & installed,
+otherwise use JSON::PP.
+
+=item PERL_JSON_BACKEND == 2 or PERL_JSON_BACKEND = 'JSON::XS'
+
+Always use compiled JSON::XS, die if it isn't properly compiled & installed.
+
+=back
+
+These ideas come from L<DBI::PurePerl> mechanism.
+
+example:
+
+ BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} = 'JSON::PP' }
+ use JSON; # always uses JSON::PP
+
+In future, it may be able to specify another module.
+
+=head1 USE PP FEATURES EVEN THOUGH XS BACKEND
+
+Many methods are available with either JSON::XS or JSON::PP and
+when the backend module is JSON::XS, if any JSON::PP specific (i.e. JSON::XS unspported)
+method is called, it will C<warn> and be noop.
+
+But If you C<use> C<JSON> passing the optional string C<-support_by_pp>,
+it makes a part of those unupported methods available.
+This feature is achieved by using JSON::PP in C<de/encode>.
+
+ BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} = 2 } # with JSON::XS
+ use JSON -support_by_pp;
+ my $json = new JSON;
+ $json->allow_nonref->escape_slash->encode("/");
+
+At this time, the returned object is a C<JSON::Backend::XS::Supportable>
+object (re-blessed XS object), and by checking JSON::XS unsupported flags
+in de/encoding, can support some unsupported methods - C<loose>, C<allow_bignum>,
+C<allow_barekey>, C<allow_singlequote>, C<escape_slash> and C<indent_length>.
+
+When any unsupported methods are not enable, C<XS de/encode> will be
+used as is. The switch is achieved by changing the symbolic tables.
+
+C<-support_by_pp> is effective only when the backend module is JSON::XS
+and it makes the de/encoding speed down a bit.
+
+See to L<JSON::PP SUPPORT METHODS>.
+
+=head1 INCOMPATIBLE CHANGES TO OLD VERSION
+
+There are big incompatibility between new version (2.00) and old (1.xx).
+If you use old C<JSON> 1.xx in your code, please check it.
+
+See to L<Transition ways from 1.xx to 2.xx.>
+
+=over
+
+=item jsonToObj and objToJson are obsoleted.
+
+Non Perl-style name C<jsonToObj> and C<objToJson> are obsoleted
+(but not yet deleted from the source).
+If you use these functions in your code, please replace them
+with C<from_json> and C<to_json>.
+
+
+=item Global variables are no longer available.
+
+C<JSON> class variables - C<$JSON::AUTOCONVERT>, C<$JSON::BareKey>, etc...
+- are not available any longer.
+Instead, various features can be used through object methods.
+
+
+=item Package JSON::Converter and JSON::Parser are deleted.
+
+Now C<JSON> bundles with JSON::PP which can handle JSON more properly than them.
+
+=item Package JSON::NotString is deleted.
+
+There was C<JSON::NotString> class which represents JSON value C<true>, C<false>, C<null>
+and numbers. It was deleted and replaced by C<JSON::Boolean>.
+
+C<JSON::Boolean> represents C<true> and C<false>.
+
+C<JSON::Boolean> does not represent C<null>.
+
+C<JSON::null> returns C<undef>.
+
+C<JSON> makes L<JSON::XS::Boolean> and L<JSON::PP::Boolean> is-a relation
+to L<JSON::Boolean>.
+
+=item function JSON::Number is obsoleted.
+
+C<JSON::Number> is now needless because JSON::XS and JSON::PP have
+round-trip integrity.
+
+=item JSONRPC modules are deleted.
+
+Perl implementation of JSON-RPC protocol - C<JSONRPC >, C<JSONRPC::Transport::HTTP>
+and C<Apache::JSONRPC > are deleted in this distribution.
+Instead of them, there is L<JSON::RPC> which supports JSON-RPC protocol version 1.1.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Transition ways from 1.xx to 2.xx.
+
+You should set C<suport_by_pp> mode firstly, because
+it is always successful for the below codes even with JSON::XS.
+
+ use JSON -support_by_pp;
+
+=over
+
+=item Exported jsonToObj (simple)
+
+ from_json($json_text);
+
+=item Exported objToJson (simple)
+
+ to_json($perl_scalar);
+
+=item Exported jsonToObj (advanced)
+
+ $flags = {allow_barekey => 1, allow_singlequote => 1};
+ from_json($json_text, $flags);
+
+equivalent to:
+
+ $JSON::BareKey = 1;
+ $JSON::QuotApos = 1;
+ jsonToObj($json_text);
+
+=item Exported objToJson (advanced)
+
+ $flags = {allow_blessed => 1, allow_barekey => 1};
+ to_json($perl_scalar, $flags);
+
+equivalent to:
+
+ $JSON::BareKey = 1;
+ objToJson($perl_scalar);
+
+=item jsonToObj as object method
+
+ $json->decode($json_text);
+
+=item objToJson as object method
+
+ $json->encode($perl_scalar);
+
+=item new method with parameters
+
+The C<new> method in 2.x takes any parameters no longer.
+You can set parameters instead;
+
+ $json = JSON->new->pretty;
+
+=item $JSON::Pretty, $JSON::Indent, $JSON::Delimiter
+
+If C<indent> is enable, that menas C<$JSON::Pretty> flag set. And
+C<$JSON::Delimiter> was substituted by C<space_before> and C<space_after>.
+In conclusion:
+
+ $json->indent->space_before->space_after;
+
+Equivalent to:
+
+ $json->pretty;
+
+To change indent length, use C<indent_length>.
+
+(Only with JSON::PP, if C<-support_by_pp> is not used.)
+
+ $json->pretty->indent_length(2)->encode($perl_scalar);
+
+=item $JSON::BareKey
+
+(Only with JSON::PP, if C<-support_by_pp> is not used.)
+
+ $json->allow_barekey->decode($json_text)
+
+=item $JSON::ConvBlessed
+
+use C<-convert_blessed_universally>. See to L<convert_blessed>.
+
+=item $JSON::QuotApos
+
+(Only with JSON::PP, if C<-support_by_pp> is not used.)
+
+ $json->allow_singlequote->decode($json_text)
+
+=item $JSON::SingleQuote
+
+Disable. C<JSON> does not make such a invalid JSON string any longer.
+
+=item $JSON::KeySort
+
+ $json->canonical->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+This is the ascii sort.
+
+If you want to use with your own sort routine, check the C<sort_by> method.
+
+(Only with JSON::PP, even if C<-support_by_pp> is used currently.)
+
+ $json->sort_by($sort_routine_ref)->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+ $json->sort_by(sub { $JSON::PP::a <=> $JSON::PP::b })->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+Can't access C<$a> and C<$b> but C<$JSON::PP::a> and C<$JSON::PP::b>.
+
+=item $JSON::SkipInvalid
+
+ $json->allow_unknown
+
+=item $JSON::AUTOCONVERT
+
+Needless. C<JSON> backend modules have the round-trip integrity.
+
+=item $JSON::UTF8
+
+Needless because C<JSON> (JSON::XS/JSON::PP) sets
+the UTF8 flag on properly.
+
+ # With UTF8-flagged strings
+
+ $json->allow_nonref;
+ $str = chr(1000); # UTF8-flagged
+
+ $json_text = $json->utf8(0)->encode($str);
+ utf8::is_utf8($json_text);
+ # true
+ $json_text = $json->utf8(1)->encode($str);
+ utf8::is_utf8($json_text);
+ # false
+
+ $str = '"' . chr(1000) . '"'; # UTF8-flagged
+
+ $perl_scalar = $json->utf8(0)->decode($str);
+ utf8::is_utf8($perl_scalar);
+ # true
+ $perl_scalar = $json->utf8(1)->decode($str);
+ # died because of 'Wide character in subroutine'
+
+See to L<JSON::XS/A FEW NOTES ON UNICODE AND PERL>.
+
+=item $JSON::UnMapping
+
+Disable. See to L<MAPPING>.
+
+=item $JSON::SelfConvert
+
+This option was deleted.
+Instead of it, if a givien blessed object has the C<TO_JSON> method,
+C<TO_JSON> will be executed with C<convert_blessed>.
+
+ $json->convert_blessed->encode($bleesed_hashref_or_arrayref)
+ # if need, call allow_blessed
+
+Note that it was C<toJson> in old version, but now not C<toJson> but C<TO_JSON>.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 TODO
+
+=over
+
+=item example programs
+
+=back
+
+=head1 THREADS
+
+No test with JSON::PP. If with JSON::XS, See to L<JSON::XS/THREADS>.
+
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+Please report bugs relevant to C<JSON> to E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>.
+
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+Most of the document is copied and modified from JSON::XS doc.
+
+L<JSON::XS>, L<JSON::PP>
+
+C<RFC4627>(L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt>)
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
+
+JSON::XS was written by Marc Lehmann <schmorp[at]schmorp.de>
+
+The relese of this new version owes to the courtesy of Marc Lehmann.
+
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
+
+Copyright 2005-2010 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
+