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Posted to commits@zeppelin.apache.org by zj...@apache.org on 2019/09/29 07:08:15 UTC
svn commit: r1867691 [12/41] - in /zeppelin/site: docs/0.8.2/
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+ <title>Apache Zeppelin 0.8.0 Documentation: Cassandra CQL Interpreter for Apache Zeppelin</title>
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+ <div class="content">
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+</div>
+-->
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+ <div class="col-md-12">
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+-->
+
+<h1>Cassandra CQL Interpreter for Apache Zeppelin</h1>
+
+<div id="toc"></div>
+
+<table class="table-configuration">
+ <tr>
+ <th>Name</th>
+ <th>Class</th>
+ <th>Description</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>%cassandra</td>
+ <td>CassandraInterpreter</td>
+ <td>Provides interpreter for Apache Cassandra CQL query language</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<h2>Enabling Cassandra Interpreter</h2>
+
+<p>In a notebook, to enable the <strong>Cassandra</strong> interpreter, click on the <strong>Gear</strong> icon and select <strong>Cassandra</strong></p>
+
+<p><center>
+ <img src="/docs/0.8.0/assets/themes/zeppelin/img/docs-img/cassandra-InterpreterBinding.png" alt="Interpreter Binding"></p>
+
+<p><img src="/docs/0.8.0/assets/themes/zeppelin/img/docs-img/cassandra-InterpreterSelection.png" alt="Interpreter Selection">
+ </center></p>
+
+<h2>Using the Cassandra Interpreter</h2>
+
+<p>In a paragraph, use <strong><em>%cassandra</em></strong> to select the <strong>Cassandra</strong> interpreter and then input all commands.</p>
+
+<p>To access the interactive help, type <strong>HELP;</strong></p>
+
+<p><center>
+ <img src="/docs/0.8.0/assets/themes/zeppelin/img/docs-img/cassandra-InteractiveHelp.png" alt="Interactive Help">
+ </center></p>
+
+<h2>Interpreter Commands</h2>
+
+<p>The <strong>Cassandra</strong> interpreter accepts the following commands</p>
+
+<p><center>
+ <table class="table-configuration">
+ <tr>
+ <th>Command Type</th>
+ <th>Command Name</th>
+ <th>Description</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Help command</td>
+ <td><code>HELP</code></td>
+ <td>Display the interactive help menu</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Schema commands</td>
+ <td><code>DESCRIBE KEYSPACE</code>, <code>DESCRIBE CLUSTER</code>, <code>DESCRIBE TABLES</code> ...</td>
+ <td>Custom commands to describe the Cassandra schema</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Option commands</td>
+ <td><code>@consistency</code>, <code>@retryPolicy</code>, <code>@fetchSize</code> ...</td>
+ <td>Inject runtime options to all statements in the paragraph</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Prepared statement commands</td>
+ <td><code>@prepare</code>, <code>@bind</code>, <code>@remove_prepared</code></td>
+ <td>Let you register a prepared command and re-use it later by injecting bound values</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Native CQL statements</td>
+ <td>All CQL-compatible statements (<code>SELECT</code>, <code>INSERT</code>, <code>CREATE</code>, ...)</td>
+ <td>All CQL statements are executed directly against the Cassandra server</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</center></p>
+
+<h2>CQL statements</h2>
+
+<p>This interpreter is compatible with any CQL statement supported by Cassandra. Ex:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">users</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'jdoe'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'John DOE'</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">users</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">login</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'jdoe'</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Each statement should be separated by a semi-colon ( <strong>;</strong> ) except the special commands below:</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li><code>@prepare</code></li>
+<li><code>@bind</code></li>
+<li><code>@remove_prepare</code></li>
+<li><code>@consistency</code></li>
+<li><code>@serialConsistency</code></li>
+<li><code>@timestamp</code></li>
+<li><code>@retryPolicy</code></li>
+<li><code>@fetchSize</code></li>
+<li><code>@requestTimeOut</code></li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>Multi-line statements as well as multiple statements on the same line are also supported as long as they are separated by a semi-colon. Ex:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span></span><span class="n">USE</span> <span class="n">spark_demo</span><span class="p">;</span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">albums_by_country</span> <span class="k">LIMIT</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">countries</span> <span class="k">LIMIT</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
+
+<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span>
+<span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">artists</span>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">login</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'jlennon'</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Batch statements are supported and can span multiple lines, as well as DDL (<code>CREATE</code>/<code>ALTER</code>/<code>DROP</code>) statements:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span> <span class="n">BATCH</span>
+ <span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">users</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'jdoe'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'John DOE'</span><span class="p">);</span>
+ <span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">users_preferences</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">account_type</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'jdoe'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'BASIC'</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="n">APPLY</span> <span class="n">BATCH</span><span class="p">;</span>
+
+<span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="k">IF</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="n">test</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="k">key</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="k">PRIMARY</span> <span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">value</span> <span class="nb">text</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>CQL statements are <strong>case-insensitive</strong> (except for column names and values). This means that the following statements are equivalent and valid:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">users</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'jdoe'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'John DOE'</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">Insert</span> <span class="k">into</span> <span class="n">users</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">vAlues</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hsue'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Helen SUE'</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>The complete list of all CQL statements and versions can be found below:</p>
+
+<p><center>
+ <table class="table-configuration">
+ <tr>
+ <th>Cassandra Version</th>
+ <th>Documentation Link</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><strong>3.x</strong></td>
+ <td>
+ <a target="_blank"
+ href="http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.3/cql/cqlIntro.html">
+ http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.3/cql/cqlIntro.html
+ </a>
+ </td>
+ </tr><br>
+ <tr>
+ <td><strong>2.2</strong></td>
+ <td>
+ <a target="_blank"
+ href="http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.3/cql/cqlIntro.html">
+ http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.3/cql/cqlIntro.html
+ </a>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><strong>2.1 & 2.0</strong></td>
+ <td>
+ <a target="_blank"
+ href="http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.1/cql/cql_intro_c.html">
+ http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.1/cql/cql<em>intro</em>c.html
+ </a>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><strong>1.2</strong></td>
+ <td>
+ <a target="_blank"
+ href="http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.0/cql/aboutCQL.html">
+ http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.0/cql/aboutCQL.html
+ </a>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</center></p>
+
+<h2>Comments in statements</h2>
+
+<p>It is possible to add comments between statements. Single line comments start with the <strong>hash sign</strong> (#) or <strong>double slashes</strong> (//). Multi-line comments are enclosed between /** and **/. Ex:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span></span><span class="o">#</span><span class="n">Single</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="k">comment</span> <span class="n">style</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">users</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'jdoe'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'John DOE'</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="o">//</span><span class="n">Single</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="k">comment</span> <span class="n">style</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
+
+<span class="cm">/**</span>
+<span class="cm"> Multi line</span>
+<span class="cm"> comments</span>
+<span class="cm"> **/</span>
+<span class="k">Insert</span> <span class="k">into</span> <span class="n">users</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">vAlues</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hsue'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'Helen SUE'</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<h2>Syntax Validation</h2>
+
+<p>The interpreters is shipped with a built-in syntax validator. This validator only checks for basic syntax errors.</p>
+
+<p>All CQL-related syntax validation is delegated directly to <strong>Cassandra</strong></p>
+
+<p>Most of the time, syntax errors are due to <strong>missing semi-colons</strong> between statements or <strong>typo errors</strong>.</p>
+
+<h2>Schema commands</h2>
+
+<p>To make schema discovery easier and more interactive, the following commands are supported:</p>
+
+<p><center>
+ <table class="table-configuration">
+ <tr>
+ <th>Command</th>
+ <th>Description</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><strong>DESCRIBE CLUSTER;</strong></td>
+ <td>Show the current cluster name and its partitioner</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><strong>DESCRIBE KEYSPACES;</strong></td>
+ <td>List all existing keyspaces in the cluster and their configuration (replication factor, durable write ...)</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><strong>DESCRIBE TABLES;</strong></td>
+ <td>List all existing keyspaces in the cluster and for each, all the tables name</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><strong>DESCRIBE TYPES;</strong></td>
+ <td>List all existing keyspaces in the cluster and for each, all the user-defined types name</strong></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap><strong>DESCRIBE FUNCTIONS;</strong></td>
+ <td>List all existing keyspaces in the cluster and for each, all the functions name</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap><strong>DESCRIBE AGGREGATES;</strong></td>
+ <td>List all existing keyspaces in the cluster and for each, all the aggregates name</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap><strong>DESCRIBE MATERIALIZED VIEWS;</strong></td>
+ <td>List all existing keyspaces in the cluster and for each, all the materialized views name</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap><strong>DESCRIBE KEYSPACE <keyspace<em>name>;</strong></td>
+ <td>Describe the given keyspace configuration and all its table details (name, columns, ...)</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap><strong>DESCRIBE TABLE (<keyspace</em>name>).<table<em>name>;</strong></td>
+ <td>
+ Describe the given table. If the keyspace is not provided, the current logged in keyspace is used.
+ If there is no logged in keyspace, the default system keyspace is used.
+ If no table is found, an error message is raised
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap><strong>DESCRIBE TYPE (<keyspace</em>name>).<type<em>name>;</strong></td>
+ <td>
+ Describe the given type(UDT). If the keyspace is not provided, the current logged in keyspace is used.
+ If there is no logged in keyspace, the default system keyspace is used.
+ If no type is found, an error message is raised
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap><strong>DESCRIBE FUNCTION (<keyspace</em>name>).<function<em>name>;</strong></td>
+ <td>Describe the given function. If the keyspace is not provided, the current logged in keyspace is used.
+ If there is no logged in keyspace, the default system keyspace is used.
+ If no function is found, an error message is raised
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap><strong>DESCRIBE AGGREGATE (<keyspace</em>name>).<aggregate<em>name>;</strong></td>
+ <td>Describe the given aggregate. If the keyspace is not provided, the current logged in keyspace is used.
+ If there is no logged in keyspace, the default system keyspace is used.
+ If no aggregate is found, an error message is raised
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap><strong>DESCRIBE MATERIALIZED VIEW (<keyspace</em>name>).<view_name>;</strong></td>
+ <td>Describe the given view. If the keyspace is not provided, the current logged in keyspace is used.
+ If there is no logged in keyspace, the default system keyspace is used.
+ If no view is found, an error message is raised
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</center></p>
+
+<p>The schema objects (cluster, keyspace, table, type, function and aggregate) are displayed in a tabular format.
+There is a drop-down menu on the top left corner to expand objects details. On the top right menu is shown the Icon legend.</p>
+
+<p><center>
+ <img src="/docs/0.8.0/assets/themes/zeppelin/img/docs-img/cassandra-DescribeSchema.png" alt="Describe Schema">
+</center></p>
+
+<h2>Runtime Parameters</h2>
+
+<p>Sometimes you want to be able to pass runtime query parameters to your statements.</p>
+
+<p>Those parameters are not part of the CQL specs and are specific to the interpreter.</p>
+
+<p>Below is the list of all parameters:</p>
+
+<p><center>
+ <table class="table-configuration">
+ <tr>
+ <th>Parameter</th>
+ <th>Syntax</th>
+ <th>Description</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Consistency Level</td>
+ <td><strong>@consistency=<em>value</em></strong></td>
+ <td>Apply the given consistency level to all queries in the paragraph</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Serial Consistency Level</td>
+ <td><strong>@serialConsistency=<em>value</em></strong></td>
+ <td>Apply the given serial consistency level to all queries in the paragraph</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Timestamp</td>
+ <td><strong>@timestamp=<em>long value</em></strong></td>
+ <td>
+ Apply the given timestamp to all queries in the paragraph.
+ Please note that timestamp value passed directly in CQL statement will override this value
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Retry Policy</td>
+ <td><strong>@retryPolicy=<em>value</em></strong></td>
+ <td>Apply the given retry policy to all queries in the paragraph</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Fetch Size</td>
+ <td><strong>@fetchSize=<em>integer value</em></strong></td>
+ <td>Apply the given fetch size to all queries in the paragraph</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Request Time Out</td>
+ <td><strong>@requestTimeOut=<em>integer value</em></strong></td>
+ <td>Apply the given request timeout <strong>in millisecs</strong> to all queries in the paragraph</td>
+ </tr><br>
+ </table>
+</center></p>
+
+<p>Some parameters only accept restricted values:</p>
+
+<p><center>
+ <table class="table-configuration">
+ <tr>
+ <th>Parameter</th>
+ <th>Possible Values</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Consistency Level</td>
+ <td><strong>ALL, ANY, ONE, TWO, THREE, QUORUM, LOCAL<em>ONE, LOCAL</em>QUORUM, EACH<em>QUORUM</strong></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Serial Consistency Level</td>
+ <td><strong>SERIAL, LOCAL</em>SERIAL</strong></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Timestamp</td>
+ <td>Any long value</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Retry Policy</td>
+ <td><strong>DEFAULT, DOWNGRADING<em>CONSISTENCY, FALLTHROUGH, LOGGING</em>DEFAULT, LOGGING<em>DOWNGRADING, LOGGING</em>FALLTHROUGH</strong></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>Fetch Size</td>
+ <td>Any integer value</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</center></p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please note that you should <strong>not</strong> add semi-colon ( <strong>;</strong> ) at the end of each parameter statement</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Some examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="k">IF</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="n">spark_demo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="k">key</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="k">PRIMARY</span> <span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">value</span> <span class="nb">text</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">TRUNCATE</span> <span class="n">spark_demo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts</span><span class="p">;</span>
+
+<span class="o">//</span> <span class="k">Timestamp</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">past</span>
+<span class="o">@</span><span class="k">timestamp</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span>
+
+<span class="o">//</span> <span class="k">Force</span> <span class="k">timestamp</span> <span class="n">directly</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="k">first</span> <span class="k">insert</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">spark_demo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'first insert'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span>
+
+<span class="o">//</span> <span class="k">Select</span> <span class="k">some</span> <span class="k">data</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="n">make</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">clock</span> <span class="n">turn</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">spark_demo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">albums</span> <span class="k">LIMIT</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span>
+
+<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Now</span> <span class="k">insert</span> <span class="k">using</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="k">timestamp</span> <span class="k">parameter</span> <span class="k">set</span> <span class="k">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">beginning</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">spark_demo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">VALUES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'second insert'</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="o">//</span> <span class="k">Check</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="k">result</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="n">You</span> <span class="n">should</span> <span class="n">see</span> <span class="s1">'first insert'</span>
+<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">spark_demo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ts</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="k">key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Some remarks about query parameters:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<ol>
+<li><strong>many</strong> query parameters can be set in the same paragraph</li>
+<li>if the <strong>same</strong> query parameter is set many time with different values, the interpreter only take into account the first value</li>
+<li>each query parameter applies to <strong>all CQL statements</strong> in the same paragraph, unless you override the option using plain CQL text (like forcing timestamp with the <code>USING</code> clause)</li>
+<li>the order of each query parameter with regard to CQL statement does not matter</li>
+</ol>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h2>Support for Prepared Statements</h2>
+
+<p>For performance reason, it is better to prepare statements before-hand and reuse them later by providing bound values.</p>
+
+<p>This interpreter provides 3 commands to handle prepared and bound statements:</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li><strong>@prepare</strong></li>
+<li><strong>@bind</strong></li>
+<li><strong>@remove_prepared</strong></li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span></span>@prepare[statement-name]=...
+
+@bind[statement-name]=âtextâ, 1223, â2015-07-30 12:00:01â, null, true, [âlist_item1â, âlist_item2â]
+
+@bind[statement-name-with-no-bound-value]
+
+@remove_prepare[statement-name]
+</code></pre></div>
+<h4>@prepare</h4>
+
+<p>You can use the syntax <em>"@prepare[statement-name]=SELECT..."</em> to create a prepared statement.
+The <em>statement-name</em> is <strong>mandatory</strong> because the interpreter prepares the given statement with the Java driver and
+saves the generated prepared statement in an <strong>internal hash map</strong>, using the provided <em>statement-name</em> as search key.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please note that this internal prepared statement map is shared with <strong>all notebooks</strong> and <strong>all paragraphs</strong> because
+there is only one instance of the interpreter for Cassandra</p>
+
+<p>If the interpreter encounters <strong>many</strong> <code>@prepare</code> for the <strong>same <em>statement-name</em> (key)</strong>, only the <strong>first</strong> statement will be taken into account.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span></span>@prepare[select]=SELECT * FROM spark_demo.albums LIMIT ?
+
+@prepare[select]=SELECT * FROM spark_demo.artists LIMIT ?
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>For the above example, the prepared statement is <code>SELECT * FROM spark_demo.albums LIMIT ?</code>.
+<code>SELECT * FROM spark_demo.artists LIMIT ?</code> is ignored because an entry already exists in the prepared statements map with the key <em>select</em>.</p>
+
+<p>In the context of <strong>Zeppelin</strong>, a notebook can be scheduled to be executed at regular interval,
+thus it is necessary to <strong>avoid re-preparing many time the same statement (considered an anti-pattern)</strong>.</p>
+
+<h4>@bind</h4>
+
+<p>Once the statement is prepared (possibly in a separated notebook/paragraph). You can bind values to it:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span></span>@bind[select_first]=10
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Bound values are not mandatory for the <strong>@bind</strong> statement. However if you provide bound values, they need to comply to some syntax:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>String values should be enclosed between simple quotes (<strong>'</strong>)</li>
+<li>Date values should be enclosed between simple quotes (<strong>'</strong>) and respect the formats (full list is in the <a href="https://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.3/cql/cql_reference/timestamp_type_r.html">documentation</a>):
+
+<ol>
+<li>yyyy-MM-dd HH:MM:ss</li>
+<li>yyyy-MM-dd HH:MM:ss.SSS</li>
+</ol></li>
+<li><strong>null</strong> is parsed as-is</li>
+<li><strong>boolean</strong> (<code>true</code>|<code>false</code>) are parsed as-is</li>
+<li>collection values must follow the <strong><a href="http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.1/cql/cql_using/use_collections_c.html">standard CQL syntax</a></strong>:
+
+<ul>
+<li>list: ['list<em>item1', 'list</em>item2', ...]</li>
+<li>set: {'set<em>item1', 'set</em>item2', â¦}</li>
+<li>map: {'key1': 'val1', 'key2': 'val2', â¦}</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><strong>tuple</strong> values should be enclosed between parenthesis (see <strong><a href="http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.1/cql/cql_reference/tupleType.html">Tuple CQL syntax</a></strong>): ('text', 123, true)</li>
+<li><strong>udt</strong> values should be enclosed between brackets (see <strong><a href="http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.1/cql/cql_using/cqlUseUDT.html">UDT CQL syntax</a></strong>): {stree<em>name: 'Beverly Hills', number: 104, zip</em>code: 90020, state: 'California', â¦}</li>
+</ul>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>It is possible to use the @bind statement inside a batch:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span></span><span class="k">BEGIN</span> <span class="n">BATCH</span>
+ <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">insert_user</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'jdoe'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'John DOE'</span>
+ <span class="k">UPDATE</span> <span class="n">users</span> <span class="k">SET</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">27</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">login</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'hsue'</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="n">APPLY</span> <span class="n">BATCH</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</code></pre></div></blockquote>
+
+<h4>@remove_prepare</h4>
+
+<p>To avoid for a prepared statement to stay forever in the prepared statement map, you can use the
+<strong>@remove_prepare[statement-name]</strong> syntax to remove it.
+Removing a non-existing prepared statement yields no error.</p>
+
+<h2>Using Dynamic Forms</h2>
+
+<p>Instead of hard-coding your CQL queries, it is possible to use <strong>[Zeppelin dynamic form]</strong> syntax to inject simple value or multiple choices forms.</p>
+
+<p>The legacy mustache syntax ( <strong>{{ }}</strong> ) to bind input text and select form is still supported but is deprecated and will be removed in future releases.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><strong>Legacy</strong>
+The syntax for simple parameter is: <strong>{{input_Label=default value}}</strong>. The default value is mandatory because the first time the paragraph is executed,
+we launch the CQL query before rendering the form so at least one value should be provided.</p>
+
+<p>The syntax for multiple choices parameter is: <strong>{{input_Label=value1 | value2 | ⦠| valueN }}</strong>. By default the first choice is used for CQL query
+the first time the paragraph is executed.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span></span>#Secondary index on performer style
+SELECT name, country, performer
+FROM spark_demo.performers
+WHERE name='${performer=Sheryl Crow|Doof|Fanfarlo|Los Paranoia}'
+AND styles CONTAINS '${style=Rock}';
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>In the above example, the first CQL query will be executed for <code>performer='Sheryl Crow' AND style='Rock'</code>.
+For subsequent queries, you can change the value directly using the form.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please note that we enclosed the <strong>${ }</strong> block between simple quotes ( <strong>'</strong> ) because Cassandra expects a String here.
+We could have also use the <strong>${style='Rock'}</strong> syntax but this time, the value displayed on the form is <strong><em>'Rock'</em></strong> and not <strong><em>Rock</em></strong>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>It is also possible to use dynamic forms for <strong>prepared statements</strong>:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span></span>@bind[select]=='${performer=Sheryl Crow|Doof|Fanfarlo|Los Paranoia}', '${style=Rock}'
+</code></pre></div>
+<h2>Shared states</h2>
+
+<p>It is possible to execute many paragraphs in parallel. However, at the back-end side, we're still using synchronous queries.
+<em>Asynchronous execution</em> is only possible when it is possible to return a <code>Future</code> value in the <code>InterpreterResult</code>.
+It may be an interesting proposal for the <strong>Zeppelin</strong> project.</p>
+
+<p>Recently, <strong>Zeppelin</strong> allows you to choose the level of isolation for your interpreters (see <strong>[Interpreter Binding Mode]</strong> ).</p>
+
+<p>Long story short, you have 3 available bindings:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><strong>shared</strong> : <em>same JVM</em> and <em>same Interpreter instance</em> for all notes</li>
+<li><strong>scoped</strong> : <em>same JVM</em> but <em>different Interpreter instances</em>, one for each note</li>
+<li><strong>isolated</strong>: <em>different JVM</em> running a <em>single Interpreter instance</em>, one JVM for each note</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Using the <strong>shared</strong> binding, the same <code>com.datastax.driver.core.Session</code> object is used for <strong>all</strong> notes and paragraphs.
+Consequently, if you use the <code>USE keyspace_name;</code> statement to log into a keyspace, it will change the keyspace for
+<strong>all current users</strong> of the <strong>Cassandra</strong> interpreter because we only create 1 <code>com.datastax.driver.core.Session</code> object
+per instance of <strong>Cassandra</strong> interpreter.</p>
+
+<p>The same remark does apply to the <strong>prepared statement hash map</strong>, it is shared by <strong>all users</strong> using the same instance of <strong>Cassandra</strong> interpreter.</p>
+
+<p>When using <strong>scoped</strong> binding, in the <em>same JVM</em> <strong>Zeppelin</strong> will create multiple instances of the Cassandra interpreter, thus
+multiple <code>com.datastax.driver.core.Session</code> objects. <strong>Beware of resource and memory usage using this binding !</strong> </p>
+
+<p>The <strong>isolated</strong> mode is the most extreme and will create as many JVM/<code>com.datastax.driver.core.Session</code> object as there are distinct notes.</p>
+
+<h2>Interpreter Configuration</h2>
+
+<p>To configure the <strong>Cassandra</strong> interpreter, go to the <strong>Interpreter</strong> menu and scroll down to change the parameters.
+The <strong>Cassandra</strong> interpreter is using the official <strong><a href="https://github.com/datastax/java-driver">Cassandra Java Driver</a></strong> and most of the parameters are used
+to configure the Java driver</p>
+
+<p>Below are the configuration parameters and their default values.</p>
+
+<p><table class="table-configuration">
+ <tr>
+ <th>Property Name</th>
+ <th>Description</th>
+ <th>Default Value</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.cluster</code></td>
+ <td>Name of the Cassandra cluster to connect to</td>
+ <td>Test Cluster</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.compression.protocol</code></td>
+ <td>On wire compression. Possible values are: <code>NONE</code>, <code>SNAPPY</code>, <code>LZ4</code></td>
+ <td><code>NONE</code></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.credentials.username</code></td>
+ <td>If security is enable, provide the login</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.credentials.password</code></td>
+ <td>If security is enable, provide the password</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.hosts</code></td>
+ <td>
+ Comma separated Cassandra hosts (DNS name or IP address).
+ <br/>
+ Ex: <code>192.168.0.12,node2,node3</code>
+ </td>
+ <td><code>localhost</code></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.interpreter.parallelism</code></td>
+ <td>Number of concurrent paragraphs(queries block) that can be executed</td>
+ <td>10</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.keyspace</code></td>
+ <td>
+ Default keyspace to connect to.
+ <strong>
+ It is strongly recommended to let the default value
+ and prefix the table name with the actual keyspace
+ in all of your queries
+ </strong>
+ </td>
+ <td><code>system</code></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.load.balancing.policy</code></td>
+ <td>
+ Load balancing policy. Default = <code>new TokenAwarePolicy(new DCAwareRoundRobinPolicy())</code>
+ To Specify your own policy, provide the <em>fully qualify class name (FQCN)</em> of your policy.
+ At runtime the interpreter will instantiate the policy using
+ <strong>Class.forName(FQCN)</strong>
+ </td>
+ <td>DEFAULT</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.max.schema.agreement.wait.second</code></td>
+ <td>Cassandra max schema agreement wait in second</td>
+ <td>10</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.pooling.core.connection.per.host.local</code></td>
+ <td>Protocol V2 and below default = 2. Protocol V3 and above default = 1</td>
+ <td>2</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.pooling.core.connection.per.host.remote</code></td>
+ <td>Protocol V2 and below default = 1. Protocol V3 and above default = 1</td>
+ <td>1</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.pooling.heartbeat.interval.seconds</code></td>
+ <td>Cassandra pool heartbeat interval in secs</td>
+ <td>30</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.pooling.idle.timeout.seconds</code></td>
+ <td>Cassandra idle time out in seconds</td>
+ <td>120</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.pooling.max.connection.per.host.local</code></td>
+ <td>Protocol V2 and below default = 8. Protocol V3 and above default = 1</td>
+ <td>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.pooling.max.connection.per.host.remote</code></td>
+ <td>Protocol V2 and below default = 2. Protocol V3 and above default = 1</td>
+ <td>2</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.pooling.max.request.per.connection.local</code></td>
+ <td>Protocol V2 and below default = 128. Protocol V3 and above default = 1024</td>
+ <td>128</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.pooling.max.request.per.connection.remote</code></td>
+ <td>Protocol V2 and below default = 128. Protocol V3 and above default = 256</td>
+ <td>128</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.pooling.new.connection.threshold.local</code></td>
+ <td>Protocol V2 and below default = 100. Protocol V3 and above default = 800</td>
+ <td>100</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.pooling.new.connection.threshold.remote</code></td>
+ <td>Protocol V2 and below default = 100. Protocol V3 and above default = 200</td>
+ <td>100</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.pooling.pool.timeout.millisecs</code></td>
+ <td>Cassandra pool time out in millisecs</td>
+ <td>5000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.protocol.version</code></td>
+ <td>Cassandra binary protocol version</td>
+ <td>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>cassandra.query.default.consistency</td>
+ <td>
+ Cassandra query default consistency level
+ <br/>
+ Available values: <code>ONE</code>, <code>TWO</code>, <code>THREE</code>, <code>QUORUM</code>, <code>LOCAL_ONE</code>, <code>LOCAL_QUORUM</code>, <code>EACH_QUORUM</code>, <code>ALL</code>
+ </td>
+ <td><code>ONE</code></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.query.default.fetchSize</code></td>
+ <td>Cassandra query default fetch size</td>
+ <td>5000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.query.default.serial.consistency</code></td>
+ <td>
+ Cassandra query default serial consistency level
+ <br/>
+ Available values: <code>SERIAL</code>, <code>LOCAL_SERIAL</code>
+ </td>
+ <td><code>SERIAL</code></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.reconnection.policy</code></td>
+ <td>
+ Cassandra Reconnection Policy.
+ Default = <code>new ExponentialReconnectionPolicy(1000, 10 * 60 * 1000)</code>
+ To Specify your own policy, provide the <em>fully qualify class name (FQCN)</em> of your policy.
+ At runtime the interpreter will instantiate the policy using
+ <strong>Class.forName(FQCN)</strong>
+ </td>
+ <td>DEFAULT</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.retry.policy</code></td>
+ <td>
+ Cassandra Retry Policy.
+ Default = <code>DefaultRetryPolicy.INSTANCE</code>
+ To Specify your own policy, provide the <em>fully qualify class name (FQCN)</em> of your policy.
+ At runtime the interpreter will instantiate the policy using
+ <strong>Class.forName(FQCN)</strong>
+ </td>
+ <td>DEFAULT</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.socket.connection.timeout.millisecs</code></td>
+ <td>Cassandra socket default connection timeout in millisecs</td>
+ <td>500</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.socket.read.timeout.millisecs</code></td>
+ <td>Cassandra socket read timeout in millisecs</td>
+ <td>12000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.socket.tcp.no_delay</code></td>
+ <td>Cassandra socket TCP no delay</td>
+ <td>true</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.speculative.execution.policy</code></td>
+ <td>
+ Cassandra Speculative Execution Policy.
+ Default = <code>NoSpeculativeExecutionPolicy.INSTANCE</code>
+ To Specify your own policy, provide the <em>fully qualify class name (FQCN)</em> of your policy.
+ At runtime the interpreter will instantiate the policy using
+ <strong>Class.forName(FQCN)</strong>
+ </td>
+ <td>DEFAULT</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.ssl.enabled</code></td>
+ <td>
+ Enable support for connecting to the Cassandra configured with SSL.
+ To connect to Cassandra configured with SSL use <strong>true</strong>
+ and provide a truststore file and password with following options.
+ </td>
+ <td>false</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.ssl.truststore.path</code></td>
+ <td>
+ Filepath for the truststore file to use for connection to Cassandra with SSL.
+ </td>
+ <td></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>cassandra.ssl.truststore.password</code></td>
+ <td>
+ Password for the truststore file to use for connection to Cassandra with SSL.
+ </td>
+ <td></td>
+ </tr>
+ </table></p>
+
+<h2>Change Log</h2>
+
+<p><strong>3.0</strong> <em>(Zeppelin 0.8.0)</em> :</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Update documentation</li>
+<li>Update interactive documentation</li>
+<li>Add support for binary protocol <strong>V4</strong></li>
+<li>Implement new <code>@requestTimeOut</code> runtime option</li>
+<li>Upgrade Java driver version to <strong>3.0.1</strong></li>
+<li>Allow interpreter to add dynamic forms programmatically when using FormType.SIMPLE</li>
+<li>Allow dynamic form using default Zeppelin syntax</li>
+<li>Fixing typo on FallThroughPolicy</li>
+<li>Look for data in AngularObjectRegistry before creating dynamic form</li>
+<li>Add missing support for <code>ALTER</code> statements</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><strong>2.0</strong> <em>(Zeppelin 0.8.0)</em> :</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Update help menu and add changelog</li>
+<li>Add Support for <strong>User Defined Functions</strong>, <strong>User Defined Aggregates</strong> and <strong>Materialized Views</strong></li>
+<li>Upgrade Java driver version to <strong>3.0.0-rc1</strong></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><strong>1.0</strong> <em>(Zeppelin 0.5.5-incubating)</em> :</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Initial version</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2>Bugs & Contacts</h2>
+
+<p>If you encounter a bug for this interpreter, please create a <strong><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ZEPPELIN-382?jql=project%20%3D%20ZEPPELIN">JIRA</a></strong> ticket and ping me on Twitter
+ at <strong><a href="https://twitter.com/doanduyhai">@doanduyhai</a></strong></p>
+
+<p><a href="../usage/dynamic_form/intro.html">Zeppelin Dynamic Form</a>
+<a href="../usage/interpreter/interpreter_binding_mode.html">Interpreter Binding Mode</a></p>
+
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+
+ <hr>
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+ <!-- <p>© 2019 The Apache Software Foundation</p>-->
+ </footer>
+ </div>
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