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Posted to commits@aurora.apache.org by jf...@apache.org on 2014/12/17 19:30:35 UTC
[10/18] incubator-aurora-website git commit: Initial move of website
over to git
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-aurora-website/blob/c43a3a2d/publish/documentation/latest/monitoring/index.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+ <head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <title>Apache Aurora</title>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
+ <link href="/assets/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">
+ <!-- Analytics -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+ _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-45879646-1']);
+ _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'apache.org']);
+ _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+
+ (function() {
+ var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
+ ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+ var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
+ })();
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-header">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="nav nav-bar">
+ <a href="/"><img src="/assets/img/aurora_logo_white_bkg.svg" width="300" alt="Transparent Apache Aurora logo with dark background"/></a>
+ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/">Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Community</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/blog/">Blog</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+ <div class="container-fluid">
+ <div class="container content">
+ <h1 id="monitoring-your-aurora-cluster">Monitoring your Aurora cluster</h1>
+
+<p>Before you start running important services in your Aurora cluster, it’s important to set up
+monitoring and alerting of Aurora itself. Most of your monitoring can be against the scheduler,
+since it will give you a global view of what’s going on.</p>
+
+<h2 id="reading-stats">Reading stats</h2>
+
+<p>The scheduler exposes a <em>lot</em> of instrumentation data via its HTTP interface. You can get a quick
+peek at the first few of these in our vagrant image:</p>
+<pre class="highlight text">$ vagrant ssh -c 'curl -s localhost:8081/vars | head'
+async_tasks_completed 1004
+attribute_store_fetch_all_events 15
+attribute_store_fetch_all_events_per_sec 0.0
+attribute_store_fetch_all_nanos_per_event 0.0
+attribute_store_fetch_all_nanos_total 3048285
+attribute_store_fetch_all_nanos_total_per_sec 0.0
+attribute_store_fetch_one_events 3391
+attribute_store_fetch_one_events_per_sec 0.0
+attribute_store_fetch_one_nanos_per_event 0.0
+attribute_store_fetch_one_nanos_total 454690753
+</pre>
+<p>These values are served as <code>Content-Type: text/plain</code>, with each line containing a space-separated metric
+name and value. Values may be integers, doubles, or strings (note: strings are static, others
+may be dynamic).</p>
+
+<p>If your monitoring infrastructure prefers JSON, the scheduler exports that as well:</p>
+<pre class="highlight text">$ vagrant ssh -c 'curl -s localhost:8081/vars.json | python -mjson.tool | head'
+{
+ "async_tasks_completed": 1009,
+ "attribute_store_fetch_all_events": 15,
+ "attribute_store_fetch_all_events_per_sec": 0.0,
+ "attribute_store_fetch_all_nanos_per_event": 0.0,
+ "attribute_store_fetch_all_nanos_total": 3048285,
+ "attribute_store_fetch_all_nanos_total_per_sec": 0.0,
+ "attribute_store_fetch_one_events": 3409,
+ "attribute_store_fetch_one_events_per_sec": 0.0,
+ "attribute_store_fetch_one_nanos_per_event": 0.0,
+</pre>
+<p>This will be the same data as above, served with <code>Content-Type: application/json</code>.</p>
+
+<h2 id="viewing-live-stat-samples-on-the-scheduler">Viewing live stat samples on the scheduler</h2>
+
+<p>The scheduler uses the Twitter commons stats library, which keeps an internal time-series database
+of exported variables - nearly everything in <code>/vars</code> is available for instant graphing. This is
+useful for debugging, but is not a replacement for an external monitoring system.</p>
+
+<p>You can view these graphs on a scheduler at <code>/graphview</code>. It supports some composition and
+aggregation of values, which can be invaluable when triaging a problem. For example, if you have
+the scheduler running in vagrant, check out these links:
+<a href="http://192.168.33.7:8081/graphview?query=jvm_uptime_secs">simple graph</a>
+<a href="http://192.168.33.7:8081/graphview?query=rate(scheduler_log_native_append_nanos_total)%2Frate(scheduler_log_native_append_events)%2F1e6">complex composition</a></p>
+
+<h3 id="counters-and-gauges">Counters and gauges</h3>
+
+<p>Among numeric stats, there are two fundamental types of stats exported: <em>counters</em> and <em>gauges</em>.
+Counters are guaranteed to be monotonically-increasing for the lifetime of a process, while gauges
+may decrease in value. Aurora uses counters to represent things like the number of times an event
+has occurred, and gauges to capture things like the current length of a queue. Counters are a
+natural fit for accurate composition into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_ratio">rate ratios</a>
+(useful for sample-resistant latency calculation), while gauges are not.</p>
+
+<h1 id="alerting">Alerting</h1>
+
+<h2 id="quickstart">Quickstart</h2>
+
+<p>If you are looking for just bare-minimum alerting to get something in place quickly, set up alerting
+on <code>framework_registered</code> and <code>task_store_LOST</code>. These will give you a decent picture of overall
+health.</p>
+
+<h2 id="a-note-on-thresholds">A note on thresholds</h2>
+
+<p>One of the most difficult things in monitoring is choosing alert thresholds. With many of these
+stats, there is no value we can offer as a threshold that will be guaranteed to work for you. It
+will depend on the size of your cluster, number of jobs, churn of tasks in the cluster, etc. We
+recommend you start with a strict value after viewing a small amount of collected data, and then
+adjust thresholds as you see fit. Feel free to ask us if you would like to validate that your alerts
+and thresholds make sense.</p>
+
+<h4 id="jvm_uptime_secs"><code>jvm_uptime_secs</code></h4>
+
+<p>Type: integer counter</p>
+
+<h4 id="description">Description</h4>
+
+<p>The number of seconds the JVM process has been running. Comes from
+<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/management/RuntimeMXBean.html#getUptime()">RuntimeMXBean#getUptime()</a></p>
+
+<h4 id="alerting">Alerting</h4>
+
+<p>Detecting resets (decreasing values) on this stat will tell you that the scheduler is failing to
+stay alive.</p>
+
+<h4 id="triage">Triage</h4>
+
+<p>Look at the scheduler logs to identify the reason the scheduler is exiting.</p>
+
+<h4 id="system_load_avg"><code>system_load_avg</code></h4>
+
+<p>Type: double gauge</p>
+
+<h4 id="description">Description</h4>
+
+<p>The current load average of the system for the last minute. Comes from
+<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html?is-external=true#getSystemLoadAverage()">OperatingSystemMXBean#getSystemLoadAverage()</a>.</p>
+
+<h4 id="alerting">Alerting</h4>
+
+<p>A high sustained value suggests that the scheduler machine may be over-utilized.</p>
+
+<h4 id="triage">Triage</h4>
+
+<p>Use standard unix tools like <code>top</code> and <code>ps</code> to track down the offending process(es).</p>
+
+<h4 id="process_cpu_cores_utilized"><code>process_cpu_cores_utilized</code></h4>
+
+<p>Type: double gauge</p>
+
+<h4 id="description">Description</h4>
+
+<p>The current number of CPU cores in use by the JVM process. This should not exceed the number of
+logical CPU cores on the machine. Derived from
+<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/jre/api/management/extension/com/sun/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html">OperatingSystemMXBean#getProcessCpuTime()</a></p>
+
+<h4 id="alerting">Alerting</h4>
+
+<p>A high sustained value indicates that the scheduler is overworked. Due to current internal design
+limitations, if this value is sustained at <code>1</code>, there is a good chance the scheduler is under water.</p>
+
+<h4 id="triage">Triage</h4>
+
+<p>There are two main inputs that tend to drive this figure: task scheduling attempts and status
+updates from Mesos. You may see activity in the scheduler logs to give an indication of where
+time is being spent. Beyond that, it really takes good familiarity with the code to effectively
+triage this. We suggest engaging with an Aurora developer.</p>
+
+<h4 id="task_store_lost"><code>task_store_LOST</code></h4>
+
+<p>Type: integer gauge</p>
+
+<h4 id="description">Description</h4>
+
+<p>The number of tasks stored in the scheduler that are in the <code>LOST</code> state, and have been rescheduled.</p>
+
+<h4 id="alerting">Alerting</h4>
+
+<p>If this value is increasing at a high rate, it is a sign of trouble.</p>
+
+<h4 id="triage">Triage</h4>
+
+<p>There are many sources of <code>LOST</code> tasks in Mesos: the scheduler, master, slave, and executor can all
+trigger this. The first step is to look in the scheduler logs for <code>LOST</code> to identify where the
+state changes are originating.</p>
+
+<h4 id="scheduler_resource_offers"><code>scheduler_resource_offers</code></h4>
+
+<p>Type: integer counter</p>
+
+<h4 id="description">Description</h4>
+
+<p>The number of resource offers that the scheduler has received.</p>
+
+<h4 id="alerting">Alerting</h4>
+
+<p>For a healthy scheduler, this value must be increasing over time.</p>
+
+<h5 id="triage">Triage</h5>
+
+<p>Assuming the scheduler is up and otherwise healthy, you will want to check if the master thinks it
+is sending offers. You should also look at the master’s web interface to see if it has a large
+number of outstanding offers that it is waiting to be returned.</p>
+
+<h4 id="framework_registered"><code>framework_registered</code></h4>
+
+<p>Type: binary integer counter</p>
+
+<h4 id="description">Description</h4>
+
+<p>Will be <code>1</code> for the leading scheduler that is registered with the Mesos master, <code>0</code> for passive
+schedulers,</p>
+
+<h4 id="alerting">Alerting</h4>
+
+<p>A sustained period without a <code>1</code> (or where <code>sum() != 1</code>) warrants investigation.</p>
+
+<h4 id="triage">Triage</h4>
+
+<p>If there is no leading scheduler, look in the scheduler and master logs for why. If there are
+multiple schedulers claiming leadership, this suggests a split brain and warrants filing a critical
+bug.</p>
+
+<h4 id="rate(scheduler_log_native_append_nanos_total)/rate(scheduler_log_native_append_events)"><code>rate(scheduler_log_native_append_nanos_total)/rate(scheduler_log_native_append_events)</code></h4>
+
+<p>Type: rate ratio of integer counters</p>
+
+<h4 id="description">Description</h4>
+
+<p>This composes two counters to compute a windowed figure for the latency of replicated log writes.</p>
+
+<h4 id="alerting">Alerting</h4>
+
+<p>A hike in this value suggests disk bandwidth contention.</p>
+
+<h4 id="triage">Triage</h4>
+
+<p>Look in scheduler logs for any reported oddness with saving to the replicated log. Also use
+standard tools like <code>vmstat</code> and <code>iotop</code> to identify whether the disk has become slow or
+over-utilized. We suggest using a dedicated disk for the replicated log to mitigate this.</p>
+
+<h4 id="timed_out_tasks"><code>timed_out_tasks</code></h4>
+
+<p>Type: integer counter</p>
+
+<h4 id="description">Description</h4>
+
+<p>Tracks the number of times the scheduler has given up while waiting
+(for <code>-transient_task_state_timeout</code>) to hear back about a task that is in a transient state
+(e.g. <code>ASSIGNED</code>, <code>KILLING</code>), and has moved to <code>LOST</code> before rescheduling.</p>
+
+<h4 id="alerting">Alerting</h4>
+
+<p>This value is currently known to increase occasionally when the scheduler fails over
+(<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AURORA-740">AURORA-740</a>). However, any large spike in this
+value warrants investigation.</p>
+
+<h4 id="triage">Triage</h4>
+
+<p>The scheduler will log when it times out a task. You should trace the task ID of the timed out
+task into the master, slave, and/or executors to determine where the message was dropped.</p>
+
+<h4 id="http_500_responses_events"><code>http_500_responses_events</code></h4>
+
+<p>Type: integer counter</p>
+
+<h4 id="description">Description</h4>
+
+<p>The total number of HTTP 500 status responses sent by the scheduler. Includes API and asset serving.</p>
+
+<h4 id="alerting">Alerting</h4>
+
+<p>An increase warrants investigation.</p>
+
+<h4 id="triage">Triage</h4>
+
+<p>Look in scheduler logs to identify why the scheduler returned a 500, there should be a stack trace.</p>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-footer buffer">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-1"><h3>Quick Links</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Mailing Lists</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AURORA">Issue Tracking</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/contributing/">How To Contribute</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-2"><h3>The ASF</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-6">
+ <p class="disclaimer">Apache Aurora is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Incubator. Incubation is required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.</p>
+ <p class="disclaimer">Copyright 2014 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>. Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">Apache License v2.0</a>. The <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/trondk/12706051375/">Aurora Borealis IX photo</a> displayed on the homepage is available under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 2.0 license</a>. Apache, Apache Aurora, and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </body>
+</html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+ <head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <title>Apache Aurora</title>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
+ <link href="/assets/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">
+ <!-- Analytics -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+ _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-45879646-1']);
+ _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'apache.org']);
+ _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+
+ (function() {
+ var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
+ ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+ var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
+ })();
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-header">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="nav nav-bar">
+ <a href="/"><img src="/assets/img/aurora_logo_white_bkg.svg" width="300" alt="Transparent Apache Aurora logo with dark background"/></a>
+ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/">Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Community</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/blog/">Blog</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+ <div class="container-fluid">
+ <div class="container content">
+ <h1 id="resource-isolation-and-sizing">Resource Isolation and Sizing</h1>
+
+<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Resource Isolation and Sizing is very much a work in progress.
+Both user-facing aspects and how it works under the hood are subject to
+change.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#cpu-isolation">CPU Isolation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#cpu-sizing">CPU Sizing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#memory-isolation">Memory Isolation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#memory-sizing">Memory Sizing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#disk-space">Disk Space</a></li>
+<li><a href="#disk-space-sizing">Disk Space Sizing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#other-resources">Other Resources</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>Aurora is a multi-tenant system; a single software instance runs on a
+server, serving multiple clients/tenants. To share resources among
+tenants, it implements isolation of:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>CPU</li>
+<li>memory</li>
+<li>disk space</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>CPU is a soft limit, and handled differently from memory and disk space.
+Too low a CPU value results in throttling your application and
+slowing it down. Memory and disk space are both hard limits; when your
+application goes over these values, it’s killed.</p>
+
+<p>Let’s look at each resource type in more detail:</p>
+
+<h2 id="cpu-isolation">CPU Isolation</h2>
+
+<p>Mesos uses a quota based CPU scheduler (the <em>Completely Fair Scheduler</em>)
+to provide consistent and predictable performance. This is effectively
+a guarantee of resources – you receive at least what you requested, but
+also no more than you’ve requested.</p>
+
+<p>The scheduler gives applications a CPU quota for every 100 ms interval.
+When an application uses its quota for an interval, it is throttled for
+the rest of the 100 ms. Usage resets for each interval and unused
+quota does not carry over.</p>
+
+<p>For example, an application specifying 4.0 CPU has access to 400 ms of
+CPU time every 100 ms. This CPU quota can be used in different ways,
+depending on the application and available resources. Consider the
+scenarios shown in this diagram.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="CPU Availability" src="../images/CPUavailability.png" /></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p><em>Scenario A</em>: the application can use up to 4 cores continuously for
+every 100 ms interval. It is never throttled and starts processing
+new requests immediately.</p></li>
+<li><p><em>Scenario B</em> : the application uses up to 8 cores (depending on
+availability) but is throttled after 50 ms. The CPU quota resets at the
+start of each new 100 ms interval.</p></li>
+<li><p><em>Scenario C</em> : is like Scenario A, but there is a garbage collection
+event in the second interval that consumes all CPU quota. The
+application throttles for the remaining 75 ms of that interval and
+cannot service requests until the next interval. In this example, the
+garbage collection finished in one interval but, depending on how much
+garbage needs collecting, it may take more than one interval and further
+delay service of requests.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><em>Technical Note</em>: Mesos considers logical cores, also known as
+hyperthreading or SMT cores, as the unit of CPU.</p>
+
+<h2 id="cpu-sizing">CPU Sizing</h2>
+
+<p>To correctly size Aurora-run Mesos tasks, specify a per-shard CPU value
+that lets the task run at its desired performance when at peak load
+distributed across all shards. Include reserve capacity of at least 50%,
+possibly more, depending on how critical your service is (or how
+confident you are about your original estimate : -)), ideally by
+increasing the number of shards to also improve resiliency. When running
+your application, observe its CPU stats over time. If consistently at or
+near your quota during peak load, you should consider increasing either
+per-shard CPU or the number of shards.</p>
+
+<h2 id="memory-isolation">Memory Isolation</h2>
+
+<p>Mesos uses dedicated memory allocation. Your application always has
+access to the amount of memory specified in your configuration. The
+application’s memory use is defined as the sum of the resident set size
+(RSS) of all processes in a shard. Each shard is considered
+independently.</p>
+
+<p>In other words, say you specified a memory size of 10GB. Each shard
+would receive 10GB of memory. If an individual shard’s memory demands
+exceed 10GB, that shard is killed, but the other shards continue
+working.</p>
+
+<p><em>Technical note</em>: Total memory size is not enforced at allocation time,
+so your application can request more than its allocation without getting
+an ENOMEM. However, it will be killed shortly after.</p>
+
+<h2 id="memory-sizing">Memory Sizing</h2>
+
+<p>Size for your application’s peak requirement. Observe the per-instance
+memory statistics over time, as memory requirements can vary over
+different periods. Remember that if your application exceeds its memory
+value, it will be killed, so you should also add a safety margin of
+around 10-20%. If you have the ability to do so, you may also want to
+put alerts on the per-instance memory.</p>
+
+<h2 id="disk-space">Disk Space</h2>
+
+<p>Disk space used by your application is defined as the sum of the files'
+disk space in your application’s directory, including the <code>stdout</code> and
+<code>stderr</code> logged from your application. Each shard is considered
+independently. You should use off-node storage for your application’s
+data whenever possible.</p>
+
+<p>In other words, say you specified disk space size of 100MB. Each shard
+would receive 100MB of disk space. If an individual shard’s disk space
+demands exceed 100MB, that shard is killed, but the other shards
+continue working.</p>
+
+<p>After your application finishes running, its allocated disk space is
+reclaimed. Thus, your job’s final action should move any disk content
+that you want to keep, such as logs, to your home file system or other
+less transitory storage. Disk reclamation takes place an undefined
+period after the application finish time; until then, the disk contents
+are still available but you shouldn’t count on them being so.</p>
+
+<p><em>Technical note</em> : Disk space is not enforced at write so your
+application can write above its quota without getting an ENOSPC, but it
+will be killed shortly after. This is subject to change.</p>
+
+<h2 id="disk-space-sizing">Disk Space Sizing</h2>
+
+<p>Size for your application’s peak requirement. Rotate and discard log
+files as needed to stay within your quota. When running a Java process,
+add the maximum size of the Java heap to your disk space requirement, in
+order to account for an out of memory error dumping the heap
+into the application’s sandbox space.</p>
+
+<h2 id="other-resources">Other Resources</h2>
+
+<p>Other resources, such as network bandwidth, do not have any performance
+guarantees. For some resources, such as memory bandwidth, there are no
+practical sharing methods so some application combinations collocated on
+the same host may cause contention.</p>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-footer buffer">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-1"><h3>Quick Links</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Mailing Lists</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AURORA">Issue Tracking</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/contributing/">How To Contribute</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-2"><h3>The ASF</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-6">
+ <p class="disclaimer">Apache Aurora is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Incubator. Incubation is required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.</p>
+ <p class="disclaimer">Copyright 2014 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>. Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">Apache License v2.0</a>. The <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/trondk/12706051375/">Aurora Borealis IX photo</a> displayed on the homepage is available under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 2.0 license</a>. Apache, Apache Aurora, and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </body>
+</html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+ <head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <title>Apache Aurora</title>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
+ <link href="/assets/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">
+ <!-- Analytics -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+ _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-45879646-1']);
+ _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'apache.org']);
+ _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+
+ (function() {
+ var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
+ ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+ var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
+ })();
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-header">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="nav nav-bar">
+ <a href="/"><img src="/assets/img/aurora_logo_white_bkg.svg" width="300" alt="Transparent Apache Aurora logo with dark background"/></a>
+ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/">Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Community</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/blog/">Blog</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+ <div class="container-fluid">
+ <div class="container content">
+ <h1 id="snapshot-performance">Snapshot Performance</h1>
+
+<p>Periodically the scheduler writes a full snapshot of its state to the replicated log. To do this
+it needs to hold a global storage write lock while it writes out this data. In large clusters
+this has been observed to take up to 40 seconds. Long pauses can cause issues in the system,
+including delays in scheduling new tasks.</p>
+
+<p>The scheduler has two optimizations to reduce the size of snapshots and thus improve snapshot
+performance: compression and deduplication. Most users will want to enable both compression
+and deduplication.</p>
+
+<h2 id="compression">Compression</h2>
+
+<p>To reduce the size of the snapshot the DEFLATE algorithm can be applied to the serialized bytes
+of the snapshot as they are written to the stream. This reduces the total number of bytes that
+need to be written to the replicated log at the cost of CPU and generally reduces the amount
+of time a snapshot takes. Most users will want to enable both compression and deduplication.</p>
+
+<h3 id="enabling-compression">Enabling Compression</h3>
+
+<p>Snapshot compression is enabled via the <code>-deflate_snapshots</code> flag. This is the default since
+Aurora 0.5.0. All released versions of Aurora can read both compressed and uncompressed snapshots,
+so there are no backwards compatibility concerns associated with changing this flag.</p>
+
+<h3 id="disabling-compression">Disabling compression</h3>
+
+<p>Disable compression by passing <code>-deflate_snapshots=false</code>.</p>
+
+<h2 id="deduplication">Deduplication</h2>
+
+<p>In Aurora 0.6.0 a new snapshot format was introduced. Rather than write one configuration blob
+per Mesos task this format stores each configuration blob once, and each Mesos task with a
+pointer to its blob. This format is not backwards compatible with earlier versions of Aurora.</p>
+
+<h3 id="enabling-deduplication">Enabling Deduplication</h3>
+
+<p>After upgrading Aurora to 0.6.0, enable deduplication with the <code>-deduplicate_snapshots</code> flag.
+After the first snapshot the cluster will be using the deduplicated format to write to the
+replicated log. Snapshots are created periodically by the scheduler (according to
+the <code>-dlog_snapshot_interval</code> flag). An administrator can also force a snapshot operation with
+<code>aurora_admin snapshot</code>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="disabling-deduplication">Disabling Deduplication</h3>
+
+<p>To disable deduplication, for example to rollback to Aurora, restart all of the cluster’s
+schedulers with <code>-deduplicate_snapshots=false</code> and either wait for a snapshot or force one
+using <code>aurora_admin snapshot</code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-footer buffer">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-1"><h3>Quick Links</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Mailing Lists</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AURORA">Issue Tracking</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/contributing/">How To Contribute</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-2"><h3>The ASF</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-6">
+ <p class="disclaimer">Apache Aurora is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Incubator. Incubation is required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.</p>
+ <p class="disclaimer">Copyright 2014 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>. Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">Apache License v2.0</a>. The <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/trondk/12706051375/">Aurora Borealis IX photo</a> displayed on the homepage is available under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 2.0 license</a>. Apache, Apache Aurora, and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+ <head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <title>Apache Aurora</title>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
+ <link href="/assets/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">
+ <!-- Analytics -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+ _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-45879646-1']);
+ _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'apache.org']);
+ _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+
+ (function() {
+ var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
+ ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+ var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
+ })();
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-header">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="nav nav-bar">
+ <a href="/"><img src="/assets/img/aurora_logo_white_bkg.svg" width="300" alt="Transparent Apache Aurora logo with dark background"/></a>
+ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/">Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Community</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/blog/">Blog</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+ <div class="container-fluid">
+ <div class="container content">
+ <h2 id="aurora-sla-measurement">Aurora SLA Measurement</h2>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#metric-details">Metric Details</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#platform-uptime">Platform Uptime</a></li>
+<li><a href="#job-uptime">Job Uptime</a></li>
+<li><a href="#median-time-to-assigned-(mtta)">Median Time To Assigned (MTTA)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#median-time-to-running-(mttr)">Median Time To Running (MTTR)</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><a href="#limitations">Limitations</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
+
+<p>The primary goal of the feature is collection and monitoring of Aurora job SLA (Service Level
+Agreements) metrics that defining a contractual relationship between the Aurora/Mesos platform
+and hosted services.</p>
+
+<p>The Aurora SLA feature currently supports stat collection only for service (non-cron)
+production jobs (<code>"production = True"</code> in your <code>.aurora</code> config).</p>
+
+<p>Counters that track SLA measurements are computed periodically within the scheduler.
+The individual instance metrics are refreshed every minute (configurable via
+<code>sla_stat_refresh_interval</code>). The instance counters are subsequently aggregated by
+relevant grouping types before exporting to scheduler <code>/vars</code> endpoint (when using <code>vagrant</code>
+that would be <code>http://192.168.33.7:8081/vars</code>)</p>
+
+<h2 id="metric-details">Metric Details</h2>
+
+<h3 id="platform-uptime">Platform Uptime</h3>
+
+<p><em>Aggregate amount of time a job spends in a non-runnable state due to platform unavailability
+or scheduling delays. This metric tracks Aurora/Mesos uptime performance and reflects on any
+system-caused downtime events (tasks LOST or DRAINED). Any user-initiated task kills/restarts
+will not degrade this metric.</em></p>
+
+<p><strong>Collection scope:</strong></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Per job - <code>sla_<job_key>_platform_uptime_percent</code></li>
+<li>Per cluster - <code>sla_cluster_platform_uptime_percent</code></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><strong>Units:</strong> percent</p>
+
+<p>A fault in the task environment may cause the Aurora/Mesos to have different views on the task state
+or lose track of the task existence. In such cases, the service task is marked as LOST and
+rescheduled by Aurora. For example, this may happen when the task stays in ASSIGNED or STARTING
+for too long or the Mesos slave becomes unhealthy (or disappears completely). The time between
+task entering LOST and its replacement reaching RUNNING state is counted towards platform downtime.</p>
+
+<p>Another example of a platform downtime event is the administrator-requested task rescheduling. This
+happens during planned Mesos slave maintenance when all slave tasks are marked as DRAINED and
+rescheduled elsewhere.</p>
+
+<p>To accurately calculate Platform Uptime, we must separate platform incurred downtime from user
+actions that put a service instance in a non-operational state. It is simpler to isolate
+user-incurred downtime and treat all other downtime as platform incurred.</p>
+
+<p>Currently, a user can cause a healthy service (task) downtime in only two ways: via <code>killTasks</code>
+or <code>restartShards</code> RPCs. For both, their affected tasks leave an audit state transition trail
+relevant to uptime calculations. By applying a special “SLA meaning” to exposed task state
+transition records, we can build a deterministic downtime trace for every given service instance.</p>
+
+<p>A task going through a state transition carries one of three possible SLA meanings
+(see <a href="../src/main/java/org/apache/aurora/scheduler/sla/SlaAlgorithm.java">SlaAlgorithm.java</a> for
+sla-to-task-state mapping):</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p>Task is UP: starts a period where the task is considered to be up and running from the Aurora
+platform standpoint.</p></li>
+<li><p>Task is DOWN: starts a period where the task cannot reach the UP state for some
+non-user-related reason. Counts towards instance downtime.</p></li>
+<li><p>Task is REMOVED from SLA: starts a period where the task is not expected to be UP due to
+user initiated action or failure. We ignore this period for the uptime calculation purposes.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>This metric is recalculated over the last sampling period (last minute) to account for
+any UP/DOWN/REMOVED events. It ignores any UP/DOWN events not immediately adjacent to the
+sampling interval as well as adjacent REMOVED events.</p>
+
+<h3 id="job-uptime">Job Uptime</h3>
+
+<p><em>Percentage of the job instances considered to be in RUNNING state for the specified duration
+relative to request time. This is a purely application side metric that is considering aggregate
+uptime of all RUNNING instances. Any user- or platform initiated restarts directly affect
+this metric.</em></p>
+
+<p><strong>Collection scope:</strong> We currently expose job uptime values at 5 pre-defined
+percentiles (50th,75th,90th,95th and 99th):</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><code>sla_<job_key>_job_uptime_50_00_sec</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_<job_key>_job_uptime_75_00_sec</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_<job_key>_job_uptime_90_00_sec</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_<job_key>_job_uptime_95_00_sec</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_<job_key>_job_uptime_99_00_sec</code></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><strong>Units:</strong> seconds
+You can also get customized real-time stats from aurora client. See <code>aurora sla -h</code> for
+more details.</p>
+
+<h3 id="median-time-to-assigned-(mtta)">Median Time To Assigned (MTTA)</h3>
+
+<p><em>Median time a job spends waiting for its tasks to be assigned to a host. This is a combined
+metric that helps track the dependency of scheduling performance on the requested resources
+(user scope) as well as the internal scheduler bin-packing algorithm efficiency (platform scope).</em></p>
+
+<p><strong>Collection scope:</strong></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Per job - <code>sla_<job_key>_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li>Per cluster - <code>sla_cluster_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li>Per instance size (small, medium, large, x-large, xx-large). Size are defined in:
+<a href="../src/main/java/org/apache/aurora/scheduler/base/ResourceAggregates.java">ResourceAggregates.java</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>By CPU:</li>
+<li><code>sla_cpu_small_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_cpu_medium_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_cpu_large_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_cpu_xlarge_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_cpu_xxlarge_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li>By RAM:</li>
+<li><code>sla_ram_small_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_ram_medium_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_ram_large_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_ram_xlarge_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_ram_xxlarge_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li>By DISK:</li>
+<li><code>sla_disk_small_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_disk_medium_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_disk_large_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_disk_xlarge_mtta_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_disk_xxlarge_mtta_ms</code></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><strong>Units:</strong> milliseconds</p>
+
+<p>MTTA only considers instances that have already reached ASSIGNED state and ignores those
+that are still PENDING. This ensures straggler instances (e.g. with unreasonable resource
+constraints) do not affect metric curves.</p>
+
+<h3 id="median-time-to-running-(mttr)">Median Time To Running (MTTR)</h3>
+
+<p><em>Median time a job waits for its tasks to reach RUNNING state. This is a comprehensive metric
+reflecting on the overall time it takes for the Aurora/Mesos to start executing user content.</em></p>
+
+<p><strong>Collection scope:</strong></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Per job - <code>sla_<job_key>_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li>Per cluster - <code>sla_cluster_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li>Per instance size (small, medium, large, x-large, xx-large). Size are defined in:
+<a href="../src/main/java/org/apache/aurora/scheduler/base/ResourceAggregates.java">ResourceAggregates.java</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>By CPU:</li>
+<li><code>sla_cpu_small_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_cpu_medium_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_cpu_large_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_cpu_xlarge_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_cpu_xxlarge_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li>By RAM:</li>
+<li><code>sla_ram_small_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_ram_medium_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_ram_large_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_ram_xlarge_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_ram_xxlarge_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li>By DISK:</li>
+<li><code>sla_disk_small_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_disk_medium_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_disk_large_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_disk_xlarge_mttr_ms</code></li>
+<li><code>sla_disk_xxlarge_mttr_ms</code></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><strong>Units:</strong> milliseconds</p>
+
+<p>MTTR only considers instances in RUNNING state. This ensures straggler instances (e.g. with
+unreasonable resource constraints) do not affect metric curves.</p>
+
+<h2 id="limitations">Limitations</h2>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p>The availability of Aurora SLA metrics is bound by the scheduler availability.</p></li>
+<li><p>All metrics are calculated at a pre-defined interval (currently set at 1 minute).
+Scheduler restarts may result in missed collections.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-footer buffer">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-1"><h3>Quick Links</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Mailing Lists</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AURORA">Issue Tracking</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/contributing/">How To Contribute</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-2"><h3>The ASF</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-6">
+ <p class="disclaimer">Apache Aurora is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Incubator. Incubation is required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.</p>
+ <p class="disclaimer">Copyright 2014 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>. Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">Apache License v2.0</a>. The <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/trondk/12706051375/">Aurora Borealis IX photo</a> displayed on the homepage is available under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 2.0 license</a>. Apache, Apache Aurora, and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
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@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+ <head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <title>Apache Aurora</title>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
+ <link href="/assets/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">
+ <!-- Analytics -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+ _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-45879646-1']);
+ _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'apache.org']);
+ _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+
+ (function() {
+ var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
+ ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+ var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
+ })();
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-header">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="nav nav-bar">
+ <a href="/"><img src="/assets/img/aurora_logo_white_bkg.svg" width="300" alt="Transparent Apache Aurora logo with dark background"/></a>
+ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/">Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Community</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/blog/">Blog</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+ <div class="container-fluid">
+ <div class="container content">
+ <h1 id="storage-configuration-and-maintenance">Storage Configuration And Maintenance</h1>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#scheduler-storage-configuration-flags">Scheduler storage configuration flags</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#mesos-replicated-log-configuration-flags">Mesos replicated log configuration flags</a></li>
+<li><a href="#-native_log_quorum_size">-native<em>log</em>quorum_size</a></li>
+<li><a href="#-native_log_file_path">-native<em>log</em>file_path</a></li>
+<li><a href="#-native_log_zk_group_path">-native<em>log</em>zk<em>group</em>path</a></li>
+<li><a href="#backup-configuration-flags">Backup configuration flags</a></li>
+<li><a href="#-backup_interval">-backup_interval</a></li>
+<li><a href="#-backup_dir">-backup_dir</a></li>
+<li><a href="#-max_saved_backups">-max<em>saved</em>backups</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><a href="#recovering-from-a-scheduler-backup">Recovering from a scheduler backup</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#summary">Summary</a></li>
+<li><a href="#preparation">Preparation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#cleanup-and-re-initialize-mesos-replicated-log">Cleanup and re-initialize Mesos replicated log</a></li>
+<li><a href="#restore-from-backup">Restore from backup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#cleanup">Cleanup</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
+
+<p>This document summarizes Aurora storage configuration and maintenance details and is
+intended for use by anyone deploying and/or maintaining Aurora.</p>
+
+<p>For a high level overview of the Aurora storage architecture refer to <a href="/documentation/latest/storage/">this document</a>.</p>
+
+<h2 id="scheduler-storage-configuration-flags">Scheduler storage configuration flags</h2>
+
+<p>Below is a summary of scheduler storage configuration flags that either don’t have default values
+or require attention before deploying in a production environment.</p>
+
+<h3 id="mesos-replicated-log-configuration-flags">Mesos replicated log configuration flags</h3>
+
+<h4 id="-nativelogquorum_size">-native<em>log</em>quorum_size</h4>
+
+<p>Defines the Mesos replicated log quorum size. See
+<a href="deploying-aurora-scheduler.md#replicated-log-configuration">the replicated log configuration document</a>
+on how to choose the right value.</p>
+
+<h4 id="-nativelogfile_path">-native<em>log</em>file_path</h4>
+
+<p>Location of the Mesos replicated log files. Consider allocating a dedicated disk (preferably SSD)
+for Mesos replicated log files to ensure optimal storage performance.</p>
+
+<h4 id="-nativelogzkgrouppath">-native<em>log</em>zk<em>group</em>path</h4>
+
+<p>ZooKeeper path used for Mesos replicated log quorum discovery.</p>
+
+<p>See <a href="../src/main/java/org/apache/aurora/scheduler/log/mesos/MesosLogStreamModule.java">code</a> for
+other available Mesos replicated log configuration options and default values.</p>
+
+<h3 id="backup-configuration-flags">Backup configuration flags</h3>
+
+<p>Configuration options for the Aurora scheduler backup manager.</p>
+
+<h4 id="-backup_interval">-backup_interval</h4>
+
+<p>The interval on which the scheduler writes local storage backups. The default is every hour.</p>
+
+<h4 id="-backup_dir">-backup_dir</h4>
+
+<p>Directory to write backups to.</p>
+
+<h4 id="-maxsavedbackups">-max<em>saved</em>backups</h4>
+
+<p>Maximum number of backups to retain before deleting the oldest backup(s).</p>
+
+<h2 id="recovering-from-a-scheduler-backup">Recovering from a scheduler backup</h2>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#preparation">Preparation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#assess-mesos-replicated-log-damage">Assess Mesos replicated log damage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#restore-from-backup">Restore from backup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#cleanup">Cleanup</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><strong>Be sure to read the entire page before attempting to restore from a backup, as it may have
+unintended consequences.</strong></p>
+
+<h3 id="summary">Summary</h3>
+
+<p>The restoration procedure replaces the existing (possibly corrupted) Mesos replicated log with an
+earlier, backed up, version and requires all schedulers to be taken down temporarily while
+restoring. Once completed, the scheduler state resets to what it was when the backup was created.
+This means any jobs/tasks created or updated after the backup are unknown to the scheduler and will
+be killed shortly after the cluster restarts. All other tasks continue operating as normal.</p>
+
+<p>Usually, it is a bad idea to restore a backup that is not extremely recent (i.e. older than a few
+hours). This is because the scheduler will expect the cluster to look exactly as the backup does,
+so any tasks that have been rescheduled since the backup was taken will be killed.</p>
+
+<h3 id="preparation">Preparation</h3>
+
+<p>Follow these steps to prepare the cluster for restoring from a backup:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p>Stop all scheduler instances</p></li>
+<li><p>Consider blocking external traffic on a port defined in <code>-http_port</code> for all schedulers to
+prevent users from interacting with the scheduler during the restoration process. This will help
+troubleshooting by reducing the scheduler log noise and prevent users from making changes that will
+be erased after the backup snapshot is restored</p></li>
+<li><p>Next steps are required to put scheduler into a partially disabled state where it would still be
+able to accept storage recovery requests but unable to schedule or change task states. This may be
+accomplished by updating the following scheduler configuration options:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Set <code>-mesos_master_address</code> to a non-existent zk address. This will prevent scheduler from
+registering with Mesos. E.g.: <code>-mesos_master_address=zk://localhost:2181</code></li>
+<li><code>-max_registration_delay</code> - set to sufficiently long interval to prevent registration timeout
+and as a result scheduler suicide. E.g: <code>-max_registration_delay=360min</code></li>
+<li>Make sure <code>-gc_executor_path</code> option is not set to prevent accidental task GC. This is
+important as scheduler will attempt to reconcile the cluster state and will kill all tasks when
+restarted with an empty Mesos replicated log.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Restart all schedulers</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="cleanup-and-re-initialize-mesos-replicated-log">Cleanup and re-initialize Mesos replicated log</h3>
+
+<p>Get rid of the corrupted files and re-initialize Mesos replicate log:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Stop schedulers</li>
+<li>Delete all files under <code>-native_log_file_path</code> on all schedulers</li>
+<li>Initialize Mesos replica’s log file: <code>mesos-log initialize <-native_log_file_path></code></li>
+<li>Restart schedulers</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="restore-from-backup">Restore from backup</h3>
+
+<p>At this point the scheduler is ready to rehydrate from the backup:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p>Identify the leading scheduler by:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>running <code>aurora_admin get_scheduler <cluster></code> - if scheduler is responsive</li>
+<li>examining scheduler logs</li>
+<li>or examining Zookeeper registration under the path defined by <code>-zk_endpoints</code>
+and <code>-serverset_path</code></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Locate the desired backup file, copy it to the leading scheduler and stage recovery by running
+the following command on a leader
+<code>aurora_admin scheduler_stage_recovery <cluster> scheduler-backup-<yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm></code></p></li>
+<li><p>At this point, the recovery snapshot is staged and available for manual verification/modification
+via <code>aurora_admin scheduler_print_recovery_tasks</code> and <code>scheduler_delete_recovery_tasks</code> commands.
+See <code>aurora_admin help <command></code> for usage details.</p></li>
+<li><p>Commit recovery. This instructs the scheduler to overwrite the existing Mesosreplicated log with
+the provided backup snapshot and initiate a mandatory failover
+<code>aurora_admin scheduler_commit_recovery <cluster></code></p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="cleanup">Cleanup</h3>
+
+<p>Undo any modification done during <a href="#preparation">Preparation</a> sequence.</p>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-footer buffer">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-1"><h3>Quick Links</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Mailing Lists</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AURORA">Issue Tracking</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/contributing/">How To Contribute</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-2"><h3>The ASF</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-6">
+ <p class="disclaimer">Apache Aurora is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Incubator. Incubation is required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.</p>
+ <p class="disclaimer">Copyright 2014 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>. Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">Apache License v2.0</a>. The <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/trondk/12706051375/">Aurora Borealis IX photo</a> displayed on the homepage is available under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 2.0 license</a>. Apache, Apache Aurora, and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </body>
+</html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+ <head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <title>Apache Aurora</title>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
+ <link href="/assets/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">
+ <!-- Analytics -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+ _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-45879646-1']);
+ _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'apache.org']);
+ _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+
+ (function() {
+ var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
+ ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+ var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
+ })();
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-header">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="nav nav-bar">
+ <a href="/"><img src="/assets/img/aurora_logo_white_bkg.svg" width="300" alt="Transparent Apache Aurora logo with dark background"/></a>
+ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/">Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Community</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/blog/">Blog</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+ <div class="container-fluid">
+ <div class="container content">
+ <h1 id="aurora-scheduler-storage">Aurora Scheduler Storage</h1>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#reads-writes-modifications">Reads, writes, modifications</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#read-lifecycle">Read lifecycle</a></li>
+<li><a href="#write-lifecycle">Write lifecycle</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><a href="#atomicity-consistency-and-isolation">Atomicity, consistency and isolation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#population-on-restart">Population on restart</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
+
+<p>Aurora scheduler maintains data that need to be persisted to survive failovers and restarts.
+For example:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Task configurations and scheduled task instances</li>
+<li>Job update configurations and update progress</li>
+<li>Production resource quotas</li>
+<li>Mesos resource offer host attributes</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Aurora solves its persistence needs by leveraging the Mesos implementation of a Paxos replicated
+log <a href="https://ramcloud.stanford.edu/~ongaro/userstudy/paxos.pdf">[1]</a>
+<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_machine_replication">[2]</a> with a key-value
+<a href="https://github.com/google/leveldb">LevelDB</a> storage as persistence media.</p>
+
+<p>Conceptually, it can be represented by the following major components:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Volatile storage: in-memory cache of all available data. Implemented via in-memory
+<a href="http://www.h2database.com/html/main.html">H2 Database</a> and accessed via
+<a href="http://mybatis.github.io/mybatis-3/">MyBatis</a>.</li>
+<li>Log manager: interface between Aurora storage and Mesos replicated log. The default schema format
+is <a href="https://github.com/apache/thrift">thrift</a>. Data is stored in serialized binary form.</li>
+<li>Snapshot manager: all data is periodically persisted in Mesos replicated log in a single snapshot.
+This helps establishing periodic recovery checkpoints and speeds up volatile storage recovery on
+restart.</li>
+<li>Backup manager: as a precaution, snapshots are periodically written out into backup files.
+This solves a <a href="storage-config.md#recovering-from-a-scheduler-backup">disaster recovery problem</a>
+in case of a complete loss or corruption of Mesos log files.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><img alt="Storage hierarchy" src="../images/storage_hierarchy.png" /></p>
+
+<h2 id="reads,-writes,-modifications">Reads, writes, modifications</h2>
+
+<p>All services in Aurora access data via a set of predefined store interfaces (aka stores) logically
+grouped by the type of data they serve. Every interface defines a specific set of operations allowed
+on the data thus abstracting out the storage access and the actual persistence implementation. The
+latter is especially important in view of a general immutability of persisted data. With the Mesos
+replicated log as the underlying persistence solution, data can be read and written easily but not
+modified. All modifications are simulated by saving new versions of modified objects. This feature
+and general performance considerations justify the existence of the volatile in-memory store.</p>
+
+<h3 id="read-lifecycle">Read lifecycle</h3>
+
+<p>There are two types of reads available in Aurora: consistent and weakly-consistent. The difference
+is explained <a href="#atomicity-and-isolation">below</a>.</p>
+
+<p>All reads are served from the volatile storage making reads generally cheap storage operations
+from the performance standpoint. The majority of the volatile stores are represented by the
+in-memory H2 database. This allows for rich schema definitions, queries and relationships that
+key-value storage is unable to match.</p>
+
+<h3 id="write-lifecycle">Write lifecycle</h3>
+
+<p>Writes are more involved operations since in addition to updating the volatile store data has to be
+appended to the replicated log. Data is not available for reads until fully ack-ed by both
+replicated log and volatile storage.</p>
+
+<h2 id="atomicity,-consistency-and-isolation">Atomicity, consistency and isolation</h2>
+
+<p>Aurora uses <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write-ahead_logging">write-ahead logging</a> to ensure
+consistency between replicated and volatile storage. In Aurora, data is first written into the
+replicated log and only then updated in the volatile store.</p>
+
+<p>Aurora storage uses read-write locks to serialize data mutations and provide consistent view of the
+available data. The available <code>Storage</code> interface exposes 3 major types of operations:
+* <code>consistentRead</code> - access is locked using reader’s lock and provides consistent view on read
+* <code>weaklyConsistentRead</code> - access is lock-less. Delivers best contention performance but may result
+in stale reads
+* <code>write</code> - access is fully serialized by using writer’s lock. Operation success requires both
+volatile and replicated writes to succeed.</p>
+
+<p>The consistency of the volatile store is enforced via H2 transactional isolation.</p>
+
+<h2 id="population-on-restart">Population on restart</h2>
+
+<p>Any time a scheduler restarts, it restores its volatile state from the most recent position recorded
+in the replicated log by restoring the snapshot and replaying individual log entries on top to fully
+recover the state up to the last write.</p>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-footer buffer">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-1"><h3>Quick Links</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Mailing Lists</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AURORA">Issue Tracking</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/contributing/">How To Contribute</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-2"><h3>The ASF</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-6">
+ <p class="disclaimer">Apache Aurora is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Incubator. Incubation is required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.</p>
+ <p class="disclaimer">Copyright 2014 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>. Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">Apache License v2.0</a>. The <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/trondk/12706051375/">Aurora Borealis IX photo</a> displayed on the homepage is available under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 2.0 license</a>. Apache, Apache Aurora, and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </body>
+</html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+ <head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <title>Apache Aurora</title>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
+ <link href="/assets/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">
+ <!-- Analytics -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+ _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-45879646-1']);
+ _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'apache.org']);
+ _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+
+ (function() {
+ var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
+ ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+ var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
+ })();
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-header">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="nav nav-bar">
+ <a href="/"><img src="/assets/img/aurora_logo_white_bkg.svg" width="300" alt="Transparent Apache Aurora logo with dark background"/></a>
+ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/">Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Community</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/blog/">Blog</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+ <div class="container-fluid">
+ <div class="container content">
+ <h1 id="generating-test-resources">Generating test resources</h1>
+
+<h2 id="background">Background</h2>
+
+<p>The Aurora source repository and distributions contain several
+<a href="../src/test/resources/org/apache/thermos/root/checkpoints">binary files</a> to
+qualify the backwards-compatibility of thermos with checkpoint data. Since
+thermos persists state to disk, to be read by other components (the GC executor
+and the thermos observer), it is important that we have tests that prevent
+regressions affecting the ability to parse previously-written data.</p>
+
+<h2 id="generating-test-files">Generating test files</h2>
+
+<p>The files included represent persisted checkpoints that exercise different
+features of thermos. The existing files should not be modified unless
+we are accepting backwards incompatibility, such as with a major release.</p>
+
+<p>It is not practical to write source code to generate these files on the fly,
+as source would be vulnerable to drift (e.g. due to refactoring) in ways
+that would undermine the goal of ensuring backwards compatibility.</p>
+
+<p>The most common reason to add a new checkpoint file would be to provide
+coverage for new thermos features that alter the data format. This is
+accomplished by writing and running a
+<a href="/documentation/latest/configuration-reference/">job configuration</a> that exercises the feature, and
+copying the checkpoint file from the sandbox directory, by default this is
+<code>/var/run/thermos/checkpoints/<aurora task id></code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="container-fluid section-footer buffer">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-1"><h3>Quick Links</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/community/">Mailing Lists</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AURORA">Issue Tracking</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/documentation/latest/contributing/">How To Contribute</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-2"><h3>The ASF</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-6">
+ <p class="disclaimer">Apache Aurora is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Incubator. Incubation is required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.</p>
+ <p class="disclaimer">Copyright 2014 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>. Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">Apache License v2.0</a>. The <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/trondk/12706051375/">Aurora Borealis IX photo</a> displayed on the homepage is available under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 2.0 license</a>. Apache, Apache Aurora, and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</p>
+ </div>
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