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Posted to notifications@groovy.apache.org by "Paul King (Jira)" <ji...@apache.org> on 2026/05/03 23:49:00 UTC

[jira] [Updated] (GROOVY-11967) VerifyError in @CompileStatic constructor with default-valued list parameter

     [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/GROOVY-11967?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ]

Paul King updated GROOVY-11967:
-------------------------------
    Fix Version/s: 5.0.6

> VerifyError in @CompileStatic constructor with default-valued list parameter
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: GROOVY-11967
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/GROOVY-11967
>             Project: Groovy
>          Issue Type: Bug
>            Reporter: Paul King
>            Assignee: Paul King
>            Priority: Major
>             Fix For: 6.0.0-alpha-1, 5.0.6
>
>
> h3. Summary
> A {{@CompileStatic}} class with a constructor that has a default-valued list-literal parameter triggers {{VerifyError}} when the synthesised lower-arity bridge constructor is loaded.
> h3. Repro
> {code:java}
> @CompileStatic
> class Foo {
>     Foo(Class<?> a, MessageSource b, List<Class> targetTypes = [Object]) {
>     }
> }
> new Foo(String, ms) // boom
> {code}
> h3. Symptom
> {noformat}
> java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
>   Location: Foo.<init>(Ljava/lang/Class;LMessageSource;)V @20: invokevirtual
>   Reason:   Type 'java/lang/Object' (current frame, stack[4]) is not assignable to 'java/util/ArrayList'
> {noformat}
> h3. Root cause
> Introduced by GROOVY-8699 (commit {{7b18440c4f}}, master only). That change replaced the {{ScriptBytecodeAdapter.createList(Object[])}} call (returns {{List}}) with direct {{new ArrayList\(n) + .add(...)}} bytecode, generated by {{ListExpressionTransformer$NewListExpression.visit()}}.
> In indy mode the constructor call lowers to {{invokedynamic init:(Class;I)Object}} -- the JVM stack value is typed as {{Object}}, so the subsequent {{INVOKEVIRTUAL java/util/ArrayList.add(Object)Z}} fails verification because its receiver is not an {{ArrayList}}. The {{CHECKCAST}} to {{List}} added later by the transformer happens after the {{add}} call, too late.
> h3. Scope
> Not specific to {{List<Class>}} -- any default {{[...]}} literal in a {{@CompileStatic}} constructor is affected ({{List<String>}}, {{List<Integer>}}, {{List<List<String>>}}, etc.). Map defaults go through a different transformer and are not affected.
> h3. Fix
> Insert {{CHECKCAST java/util/ArrayList}} immediately after the constructor call in {{ListExpressionTransformer$NewListExpression.visit()}}, before the loop that emits the per-element {{DUP / add / pop}}.
> h3. Affects
> Master only. Groovy 5.0.x and earlier are fine (used the {{createList(Object[])}} helper).



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