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Posted to commits@xmlgraphics.apache.org by bu...@apache.org on 2012/10/23 17:07:26 UTC
svn commit: r835894 [15/20] - in
/websites/staging/xmlgraphics/trunk/content: ./ batik/ batik/dev/
batik/tools/ batik/using/ batik/using/scripting/ commons/ fop/ fop/0.95/
fop/1.0/ fop/1.1/ fop/dev/ fop/dev/design/ fop/trunk/
Modified: websites/staging/xmlgraphics/trunk/content/fop/faq.html
==============================================================================
--- websites/staging/xmlgraphics/trunk/content/fop/faq.html (original)
+++ websites/staging/xmlgraphics/trunk/content/fop/faq.html Tue Oct 23 15:07:21 2012
@@ -330,34 +330,34 @@ $(document).ready(function () {
<div id="content" class="grid_16">
<!-- <div id="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/fop/">Fop</a></div> -->
- <div class="section-content"><h1 id="questions-wzxhzdk1wzxhzdk2">Questions <a id="#Questions"></a></h1>
-<h2 id="1-apachewzxhzdk5-fop-general-questions-wzxhzdk3wzxhzdk4">1. Apache™ FOP: General questions # <a id="#part-general"></a></h2>
-<h3 id="11-what-is-apachewzxhzdk8-fop-wzxhzdk6wzxhzdk7">1.1. What is Apache™ FOP? ## <a id="#fop-general"></a></h3>
+ <div class="section-content"><h1 id="questions-wzxhzdk1wzxhzdk2">Questions <a id="Questions"></a></h1>
+<h2 id="1-apachewzxhzdk5-fop-general-questions-wzxhzdk3wzxhzdk4">1. Apache™ FOP: General questions # <a id="part-general"></a></h2>
+<h3 id="11-what-is-apachewzxhzdk8-fop-wzxhzdk6wzxhzdk7">1.1. What is Apache™ FOP? ## <a id="fop-general"></a></h3>
<p>FOP is a print formatter for <a href="#XSLFO">XSL formatting objects</a> .</p>
<p>It can be used to render an XML file containing XSL formatting objects into a page layout. The main target is PDF but other rendering targets are supported, such as AWT, PCL, text and direct printing.</p>
-<h3 id="12-what-can-i-do-with-fop-wzxhzdk9wzxhzdk10">1.2. What can I do with FOP? ## <a id="#fop-functions"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="12-what-can-i-do-with-fop-wzxhzdk9wzxhzdk10">1.2. What can I do with FOP? ## <a id="fop-functions"></a></h3>
<p>FOP provides both an application and a library that converts an XSL FO document into paginated output.</p>
<p>The FOP command line application can be directly used to transform XML into PDF, PostScript, PCL and other formats, there is also an AWT based viewer integrated.</p>
<p>The library can be used in servlets and other Java applications.</p>
-<h3 id="13-what-does-fop-stand-for-wzxhzdk11wzxhzdk12">1.3. What does "FOP" stand for? ## <a id="#fop-acronym"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="13-what-does-fop-stand-for-wzxhzdk11wzxhzdk12">1.3. What does "FOP" stand for? ## <a id="fop-acronym"></a></h3>
<p>FOP is an acronym for <strong>F</strong> ormatting <strong>O</strong> bject <strong>P</strong> rocessor</p>
-<h3 id="14-how-does-fop-interact-with-other-apache-projects-wzxhzdk13wzxhzdk14">1.4. How does FOP interact with other Apache Projects? ## <a id="#fop-other-apache"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="14-how-does-fop-interact-with-other-apache-projects-wzxhzdk13wzxhzdk14">1.4. How does FOP interact with other Apache Projects? ## <a id="fop-other-apache"></a></h3>
<p>FOP is distributed with <a href="http://xml.apache.org/cocoon">Cocoon</a> as a PDF serializer for XSL (FO) documents.</p>
<p><a href="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/batik">Batik</a> can be used with FOP to <a href="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/batik/svgrasterizer.html">transcode an SVG image</a> into a PDF document.</p>
-<h3 id="15-what-is-xsl-wzxhzdk15wzxhzdk16">1.5. What is XSL? ## <a id="#xsl-def"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="15-what-is-xsl-wzxhzdk15wzxhzdk16">1.5. What is XSL? ## <a id="xsl-def"></a></h3>
<p>XSL is a W3C standard concerned with publishing XML documents. It consists of two parts: <a href="#XSLT">XSLT</a> and <a href="#XSLFO">XSL-FO</a> . The acronym expands to e <strong>X</strong> tensible <strong>S</strong> tylesheet <strong>L</strong> anguage.</p>
-<h3 id="16-what-is-xsl-fo-wzxhzdk17wzxhzdk18">1.6. What is XSL-FO? ## <a id="#xslfo"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="16-what-is-xsl-fo-wzxhzdk17wzxhzdk18">1.6. What is XSL-FO? ## <a id="xslfo"></a></h3>
<p>XSLFO (aka XSL-FO) is an XML vocabulary that is used to specify a pagination and other styling for page layout output. The acronym âFOâ stands for <strong>F</strong> ormatting <strong>O</strong> bjects. XSLFO can be used in conjunction with <a href="#XSLT">XSLT</a> to convert from any XML format into a paginated layout ready for printing or displaying.</p>
<p>XSLFO defines a set of elements in XML that describes the way pages are set up. The contents of the pages are filled from flows. There can be static flows that appear on every page (for headers and footers) and the main flow which fills the body of the page.</p>
<p>Synonyms: XSL FO, XSL (FO), XSL:FO, XSL-FO, Formatting Objects</p>
-<h3 id="17-what-is-xslt-wzxhzdk19wzxhzdk20">1.7. What is XSLT? ## <a id="#XSLT"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="17-what-is-xslt-wzxhzdk19wzxhzdk20">1.7. What is XSLT? ## <a id="XSLT"></a></h3>
<p>XSLT describes the transformation of arbitrary XML input into other XML (like XSLFO), HTML or plain text. The âTâ comes from <strong>T</strong> ransformation. For historical reasons, a transformation is often also called a âstyle sheetâ.</p>
<p>Synonyms: XSL transformation, XSL:T, XSL style sheet.</p>
-<h3 id="18-when-will-feature-x-be-implemented-wzxhzdk21wzxhzdk22">1.8. When will feature X be implemented? ## <a id="#when"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="18-when-will-feature-x-be-implemented-wzxhzdk21wzxhzdk22">1.8. When will feature X be implemented? ## <a id="when"></a></h3>
<p>The short answer is "Don't ask." For more details, see <a href="gethelp.html#limitations">Understand FOP's Limitations</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="19-when-is-the-next-released-planned-wzxhzdk23wzxhzdk24">1.9. When is the next released planned? ## <a id="#next-release"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="19-when-is-the-next-released-planned-wzxhzdk23wzxhzdk24">1.9. When is the next released planned? ## <a id="next-release"></a></h3>
<p>When it's ready and the committers have enough time to go through the time-consuming process of creating a release. We released version 1.0 on 21 July 2010, and will release version 1.1 when we accumulated enough additions and bug fixes. If you want to speed up the process, consider <a href="dev/index.html#involved">contributing</a> to FOP.</p>
-<h3 id="110-why-did-you-redesign-fop-wzxhzdk25wzxhzdk26">1.10. Why did you redesign FOP? ## <a id="#redesign"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="110-why-did-you-redesign-fop-wzxhzdk25wzxhzdk26">1.10. Why did you redesign FOP? ## <a id="redesign"></a></h3>
<p>The code redesign of FOP was necessary in order to be able to adress following issues:</p>
<ul>
<li>
@@ -376,13 +376,13 @@ $(document).ready(function () {
<p>Table Layout</p>
</li>
</ul>
-<h3 id="111-how-can-i-contribute-wzxhzdk27wzxhzdk28">1.11. How can I contribute? ## <a id="#contribute"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="111-how-can-i-contribute-wzxhzdk27wzxhzdk28">1.11. How can I contribute? ## <a id="contribute"></a></h3>
<p>There are numerous ways that you can help. They are outlined in the <a href="dev/index.html">Developer's Introduction</a> page.</p>
-<h2 id="2-problems-running-fop-wzxhzdk29wzxhzdk30">2. Problems running FOP # <a id="#part-running"></a></h2>
-<h3 id="21-i-get-the-error-error-master-reference-for-fopage-sequence-matches-no-simple-page-master-or-page-sequence-master-wzxhzdk31wzxhzdk32">2.1. I get the error: [ERROR]: 'master-reference' for 'fo:page-sequence' matches no 'simple-page-master' or 'page-sequence-master' ## <a id="#no-page-master"></a></h3>
+<h2 id="2-problems-running-fop-wzxhzdk29wzxhzdk30">2. Problems running FOP # <a id="part-running"></a></h2>
+<h3 id="21-i-get-the-error-error-master-reference-for-fopage-sequence-matches-no-simple-page-master-or-page-sequence-master-wzxhzdk31wzxhzdk32">2.1. I get the error: [ERROR]: 'master-reference' for 'fo:page-sequence' matches no 'simple-page-master' or 'page-sequence-master' ## <a id="no-page-master"></a></h3>
<p>FOP was changed to be in accordance with the latest standard (see <a href="resources.html#specs-xslfo">XSL standard</a> ).The page master for a fo:page-sequence is now referenced by the master-reference attribute. Replace the master-name attributes of your fo:page-sequence elements by master-reference attributes. You have to do this also for fo:single-page-master-reference, fo:repeatable-page-master-reference and fo:conditional-page-master-reference elements in you page master definitions.</p>
<p>Update your FO documents and style sheets.</p>
-<h3 id="22-i-get-a-noclassdeffound-exception-wzxhzdk33wzxhzdk34">2.2. I get a NoClassDefFound exception. ## <a id="#NoClassDefFound"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="22-i-get-a-noclassdeffound-exception-wzxhzdk33wzxhzdk34">2.2. I get a NoClassDefFound exception. ## <a id="NoClassDefFound"></a></h3>
<p>This is typically a problem with your classpath.</p>
<p>If you are running FOP from the command line:</p>
<ul>
@@ -395,37 +395,37 @@ $(document).ready(function () {
</ul>
<p>If you run FOP embedded in your servlet, web application or other Java application, check the classpath of the application. Check the also the information pertaining to <a href="1.0/servlets.html#servlet-engine">servlet engines</a> for further hints.</p>
<p>If you downloaded the source distribution, or a snapshop from the repository, remember you have to build the FOP jars first.</p>
-<h3 id="23-i-get-a-nosuchmethodexception-or-a-nosuchfieldexception-exception-wzxhzdk35wzxhzdk36">2.3. I get a NoSuchMethodException or a NoSuchFieldException exception. ## <a id="#NoSuchMethodException"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="23-i-get-a-nosuchmethodexception-or-a-nosuchfieldexception-exception-wzxhzdk35wzxhzdk36">2.3. I get a NoSuchMethodException or a NoSuchFieldException exception. ## <a id="NoSuchMethodException"></a></h3>
<p>This is usually caused by an older version of one of the FOP jars or old XML tools in the classpath. Check in particular for parser.jar, jaxp.jar, xml4j.jar or lotusxsl.jar.</p>
<p>Incompatible versions of Batik may also cause this problem. Use the version of Batik that comes with FOP. It is not always possible to use a more recent version of Batik.</p>
-<h3 id="24-i-get-an-outofmemoryexception-wzxhzdk37wzxhzdk38">2.4. I get an OutOfMemoryException. ## <a id="#OutOfMemoryException"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="24-i-get-an-outofmemoryexception-wzxhzdk37wzxhzdk38">2.4. I get an OutOfMemoryException. ## <a id="OutOfMemoryException"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/running.html#memory">FOP Memory</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="25-i-get-a-malformedurlexception-wzxhzdk39wzxhzdk40">2.5. I get a MalformedURLException. ## <a id="#MalformedURLException"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="25-i-get-a-malformedurlexception-wzxhzdk39wzxhzdk40">2.5. I get a MalformedURLException. ## <a id="MalformedURLException"></a></h3>
<p><anchor id="MalformedURL"></anchor>
What you probably think of as "file names" are usually URLs, in particular the <code>src</code> attribute of fo:external-graphic.</p>
<p>Because usage of URLs is growing, you should make yourself familiar with it. The relevant specification is <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a> .</p>
<p>In a nutshell, the correct syntax for an absolute file URL is <code>file:///some/path/file.ext</code> on Unix and <code>file:///z:/some/path/file.ext</code> on Windows systems. Note the triple slash, and also that only forward slashes are used, even on windows.</p>
<p>A relative file URL starts with anything but a slash, and doesn't have the <code>file:</code> prefix, for example <code>file.ext</code> , <code>path/file.ext</code> or <code>../file.ext</code> . The string <code>file:path/file.ext</code> is <em>not</em> a relative URL, in fact, it isn't a valid URL at all. A relative URL is subject to a resolving process, which transforms it into an absolute URL.</p>
-<h3 id="26-i-get-an-error-null-or-a-nullpointerexception-wzxhzdk43wzxhzdk44">2.6. I get an "[ERROR]: null", or a NullPointerException. ## <a id="#NullPointerException"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="26-i-get-an-error-null-or-a-nullpointerexception-wzxhzdk43wzxhzdk44">2.6. I get an "[ERROR]: null", or a NullPointerException. ## <a id="NullPointerException"></a></h3>
<p>This is often caused by an invalid FO document. Currently only very common errors are intercepted and produce a comprehensible error message. If you forgot container elements like <code>fo:page-sequence</code> or <code>fo:flow</code> and put blocks and inline elements directly as children of <code>fo:root</code> or <code>fo:page-sequence</code> , you'll only get a NullPointerException. Check whether your FO file has a proper structure. In some cases there are mandatory properties, like the master-reference in <code>fo:conditional-page-master-reference</code> , check also whether you got them right.</p>
<p>You may find it helpful to use the <a href="#fo-validate">validation tools</a> to validate your FO document. This will catch most problems, but should not be relied upon to catch all.</p>
<p>If you use XSLT, problems in your style sheet and in your source XML also can produce a NullPointerException. <a href="1.0/running.html#check-input">Run the transformation separately</a> to check for this, usually you'll get a detailed error message from the XSLT processor.</p>
<p>If you turn on debugging with the " <code>-d</code> " option you may be able to see more detailed information.</p>
-<h3 id="27-fop-returns-the-message-error-objectproperty-x-is-not-implemented-yet-when-will-it-be-implemented-wzxhzdk45wzxhzdk46">2.7. FOP returns the message "[ERROR] object|property - 'x' is not implemented yet." When will it be implemented? ## <a id="#not-implemented"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="27-fop-returns-the-message-error-objectproperty-x-is-not-implemented-yet-when-will-it-be-implemented-wzxhzdk45wzxhzdk46">2.7. FOP returns the message "[ERROR] object|property - 'x' is not implemented yet." When will it be implemented? ## <a id="not-implemented"></a></h3>
<p>See FOP's Standards <a href="compliance.html">Compliance</a> page.</p>
-<h3 id="28-fop-hangs-fop-does-not-exit-wzxhzdk47wzxhzdk48">2.8. FOP hangs. FOP does not exit. ## <a id="#fop-hangs"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="28-fop-hangs-fop-does-not-exit-wzxhzdk47wzxhzdk48">2.8. FOP hangs. FOP does not exit. ## <a id="fop-hangs"></a></h3>
<p>The most likely reason is a known problem with the Java run time environment which is triggered by rendering SVGs. Suns JDK 1.4 does not have this problem. See also <a href="#svghangs">FOP does not exit if a SVG is included</a> .</p>
<p>Another possibility is that FOP went into a non terminating loop. Usually this is indicated by lots of log messages of the form "[INFO]: [NNNN]" which indicate a new page has been started or <a href="#boxoverflow">box overflows</a> . After some time, FOP will crash with an OutOfMemoryException.</p>
<p>If you called the FOP command line application from some other program, for example from Java using Runtime.exec(), it may hang while trying to write log entries to the output pipe. You have to read the FOP output regularly to empty the pipe buffer. It is best to avoid exec'ing FOP, use the library interface instead.</p>
-<h3 id="29-fop-runs-forever-writing-lots-of-to-the-log-wzxhzdk49wzxhzdk50">2.9. FOP runs forever, writing lots of ">" to the log. ## <a id="#boxoverflow"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="29-fop-runs-forever-writing-lots-of-to-the-log-wzxhzdk49wzxhzdk50">2.9. FOP runs forever, writing lots of ">" to the log. ## <a id="boxoverflow"></a></h3>
<p>There is something too large to fit into the intended place, usually a large image, a table whose rows are kept together or a block with a space-before or space-after larger than the page size. Catch the first page showing this phenomenon and check it. If it is not obvious which element causes the trouble, remove stuff until the problem goes away. Decrease the dimensions of the offending element or property, or increase the dimension of the enclosing element or container, or remove keep-with-* properties.</p>
-<h3 id="210-fop-cannot-find-a-file-for-foexternal-graphics-wzxhzdk51wzxhzdk52">2.10. FOP cannot find a file for fo:external-graphics. ## <a id="#cannot-find-external-graphics"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="210-fop-cannot-find-a-file-for-foexternal-graphics-wzxhzdk51wzxhzdk52">2.10. FOP cannot find a file for fo:external-graphics. ## <a id="cannot-find-external-graphics"></a></h3>
<p>The src attribute of the <code>fo:external-graphics</code> element requires a URI, not a file name. See <a href="fo.html#external-resources">External Resources</a> for more information about specifying URIs.</p>
-<h3 id="211-fop-does-not-find-my-fonts-wzxhzdk53wzxhzdk54">2.11. FOP does not find my fonts. ## <a id="#fonts-not-found"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="211-fop-does-not-find-my-fonts-wzxhzdk53wzxhzdk54">2.11. FOP does not find my fonts. ## <a id="fonts-not-found"></a></h3>
<p>Did you get: âFailed to read font metrics file C:\foo\arial.xml : File "C:\foo\arial.xml" not foundâ? The value for the metrics-file attribute in the user config file is actually an URL, not a file name. Use "file:///C:/foo/arial.xml" instead.</p>
<p>If you used a relative URL, make sure your application has the working directory you expect. Currently FOP does not use the baseDir for resolving relative URLs pointing to font metric files.</p>
<p>Try also setting the <a href="1.0/configuration.html#general-elements">font-base configuration</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="212-i-get-a-saxexception-mismatch-page-sequence-vs-root-or-similar-wzxhzdk55wzxhzdk56">2.12. I get a SAXException: Mismatch: page-sequence vs. root (or similar). ## <a id="#saxexception-mismatch"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="212-i-get-a-saxexception-mismatch-page-sequence-vs-root-or-similar-wzxhzdk55wzxhzdk56">2.12. I get a SAXException: Mismatch: page-sequence vs. root (or similar). ## <a id="saxexception-mismatch"></a></h3>
<p>The full exception usually looks similar to this:
Mismatch: page-sequence (http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format) vs. root
(http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format)
@@ -451,21 +451,21 @@ import javax.xml.transform.TransformerEx
<p>}</p>
-<h3 id="213-the-following-message-appears-after-recently-upgrading-fop-io-exception-while-reading-font-cache-orgapachefopfontsembedfontinfo-local-class-incompatible-stream-classdesc-serialversionuid-9075848379822693399-local-class-serialversionuid-8755432068669997367-discarding-font-cache-file-wzxhzdk57wzxhzdk58">2.13. The following message appears after recently upgrading FOP: "I/O exception while reading font cache (org.apache.fop.fonts.EmbedFontInfo; local class incompatible: stream classdesc serialVersionUID = -9075848379822693399, local class serialVersionUID = 8755432068669997367). Discarding font cache file." ## <a id="#faq-N1026C"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="213-the-following-message-appears-after-recently-upgrading-fop-io-exception-while-reading-font-cache-orgapachefopfontsembedfontinfo-local-class-incompatible-stream-classdesc-serialversionuid-9075848379822693399-local-class-serialversionuid-8755432068669997367-discarding-font-cache-file-wzxhzdk57wzxhzdk58">2.13. The following message appears after recently upgrading FOP: "I/O exception while reading font cache (org.apache.fop.fonts.EmbedFontInfo; local class incompatible: stream classdesc serialVersionUID = -9075848379822693399, local class serialVersionUID = 8755432068669997367). Discarding font cache file." ## <a id="faq-N1026C"></a></h3>
<p>This message is a warning that FOP failed to read from the Font cache. Which means any Font auto detection or Font directories will be re-scanned. So this failure doesn't break anything.</p>
<p>To avoid the warning you can simply delete the old Font Cache file, which lives in ${base}\conf\font.cache (see <a href="1.0/configuration.html#general-elements">font-base configuration</a> ). Or you can disable Font Caching altogether using the option "use-cache."</p>
-<h2 id="3-problems-with-fop-output-wzxhzdk59wzxhzdk60">3. Problems with FOP output # <a id="#part-output"></a></h2>
-<h3 id="31-leaders-dont-work-in-current-fop-instead-of-filling-the-line-only-three-dots-or-a-short-ruler-is-output-wzxhzdk61wzxhzdk62">3.1. Leaders don't work in current FOP. Instead of filling the line, only three dots or a short ruler is output. ## <a id="#leader-expansion"></a></h3>
+<h2 id="3-problems-with-fop-output-wzxhzdk59wzxhzdk60">3. Problems with FOP output # <a id="part-output"></a></h2>
+<h3 id="31-leaders-dont-work-in-current-fop-instead-of-filling-the-line-only-three-dots-or-a-short-ruler-is-output-wzxhzdk61wzxhzdk62">3.1. Leaders don't work in current FOP. Instead of filling the line, only three dots or a short ruler is output. ## <a id="leader-expansion"></a></h3>
<p>Leaders still work, in fact they work better than ever before. You'll just have to add <code>text-align="justify"</code> and/or <code>text-align-last="justify"</code> to the block with the leader. Be sure you haven't accidentally overridden the <code>leader-length.maximum="100%"</code> default value.</p>
<p>Earlier versions of FOP used to expand a leader to fill the rest of the line unconditionally, anything following it, like page numbers in a TOC, was actually shifted beyond the right margin.</p>
<p>The new implementation uses leader-length.optimum to determine where to break the line, and expands the leader only further if the line should be filled, as indicated by the text-align and text-align-last properties.</p>
<p>Actually due to the fuzzyness of the specification both the old and the new method are conformant (although adding text after the expanded leader in the old variant never was).</p>
<p>If you want to have a longer ruler or space in a non-justified line, you have to increase the leader-length.optimum property.</p>
-<h3 id="32-why-does-fop-insert-a-blank-page-between-my-page-sequences-wzxhzdk63wzxhzdk64">3.2. Why does FOP insert a blank page between my page sequences? ## <a id="#blank-page-between-page-sequences"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="32-why-does-fop-insert-a-blank-page-between-my-page-sequences-wzxhzdk63wzxhzdk64">3.2. Why does FOP insert a blank page between my page sequences? ## <a id="blank-page-between-page-sequences"></a></h3>
<p>This is because spec conformance has been improved.</p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl11/#force-page-count">force-page-count property</a> controls how a FO processor pads page sequences in order to get certain page counts or last page numbers. The default is " <code>auto</code> ". With this setting, if the next page sequence begins with an odd page number because you set the initial-page-number, and the current page sequence also ends with an odd page number, the processor inserts a blank page to keep odd and even page numbers alternating (similar for the case the current page sequence ends with an even page number and the next page sequence starts with an even page number).</p>
<p>If you don't want to have this blank page, use <code>force-page-count="no-force"</code> .</p>
-<h3 id="33-why-is-my-graphic-not-rendered-wzxhzdk65wzxhzdk66">3.3. Why is my graphic not rendered? ## <a id="#graphic-not-displayed"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="33-why-is-my-graphic-not-rendered-wzxhzdk65wzxhzdk66">3.3. Why is my graphic not rendered? ## <a id="graphic-not-displayed"></a></h3>
<p>Most commonly, the external file is not being found by FOP. Check the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>
@@ -490,11 +490,11 @@ import javax.xml.transform.TransformerEx
<p>There may be something (static content) that is obscuring the graphic. (This is very rare).</p>
</li>
</ul>
-<h3 id="34-my-graphical-images-do-not-work-properly-wzxhzdk67wzxhzdk68">3.4. My graphical images do not work properly. ## <a id="#png-fails"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="34-my-graphical-images-do-not-work-properly-wzxhzdk67wzxhzdk68">3.4. My graphical images do not work properly. ## <a id="png-fails"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/graphics.html">FOP Graphics Formats</a> for a list of supported graphics formats and related issues.</p>
-<h3 id="35-why-is-my-graphic-rendered-at-a-different-resolution-than-it-was-created-wzxhzdk69wzxhzdk70">3.5. Why is my graphic rendered at a different resolution than it was created? ## <a id="#graphic-resolution"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="35-why-is-my-graphic-rendered-at-a-different-resolution-than-it-was-created-wzxhzdk69wzxhzdk70">3.5. Why is my graphic rendered at a different resolution than it was created? ## <a id="graphic-resolution"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/graphics.html#resolution">Graphics Resolution</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="36-keep-with-next-keep-with-previous-keep-together-dont-work-wzxhzdk71wzxhzdk72">3.6. Keep-with-next, keep-with-previous, keep-together don't work. ## <a id="#keep-with"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="36-keep-with-next-keep-with-previous-keep-together-dont-work-wzxhzdk71wzxhzdk72">3.6. Keep-with-next, keep-with-previous, keep-together don't work. ## <a id="keep-with"></a></h3>
<p>Current FOP releases have extensive support for these properties. The current release, FOP 1.0, still supports the values "always" and "never" only, no numerical values. There may be a few places where keep-* still don't work, this should be very rare.</p>
<p>The concept is called âblind tableâ. The table is used for pure layout reasons and is not obvious in the output.</p>
<p>An example of an image and the image caption to be kept together:
@@ -516,10 +516,10 @@ import javax.xml.transform.TransformerEx
</fo:table-body>
</fo:table>
Consider upgrading to the latest version which supports keeps.</p>
-<h3 id="37-my-tables-are-missing-or-missing-their-content-wzxhzdk91wzxhzdk92">3.7. My tables are missing, or missing their content. ## <a id="#table-missing"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="37-my-tables-are-missing-or-missing-their-content-wzxhzdk91wzxhzdk92">3.7. My tables are missing, or missing their content. ## <a id="table-missing"></a></h3>
<p>Check for <code>fo:table-body</code> around the rows. Usually FOP will catch this problem.</p>
<p>Also, the <code>fo:table-with-caption</code> element is not implemented, tables within such an element are dropped too. FOP generates an error message for this problem. Older DocBook style sheets generate <code>fo:table-with-caption</code> elements, so watch out.</p>
-<h3 id="38-text-overflowing-table-cells-and-the-like-is-not-clipped-long-text-flows-into-adjacent-cellsblock-obscuring-stuff-there-wzxhzdk93wzxhzdk94">3.8. Text overflowing table cells and the like is not clipped. Long text flows into adjacent cells/block, obscuring stuff there. ## <a id="#cells-overflow"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="38-text-overflowing-table-cells-and-the-like-is-not-clipped-long-text-flows-into-adjacent-cellsblock-obscuring-stuff-there-wzxhzdk93wzxhzdk94">3.8. Text overflowing table cells and the like is not clipped. Long text flows into adjacent cells/block, obscuring stuff there. ## <a id="cells-overflow"></a></h3>
<p>Since the <code>overflow</code> property doesn't apply to table-cell, you can wrap the cell content in a block-container and specify <code>overflow="hidden"</code> there. Alternatively, if you have long words overflowing table cells, try to get them hyphenated. Artificial names like product identifications or long numbers usually aren't hyphenated. You can try special processing at XSLT level, like</p>
<ul>
<li>
@@ -533,51 +533,51 @@ Consider upgrading to the latest version
</li>
</ul>
<p>Check the <a href="http://dpawson.co.uk/xsl">XSL FAQ</a> and the <a href="http://www.mulberrytech.com/xsl/xsl-list/">XSL list archive</a> for how to perform these tasks.</p>
-<h3 id="39-the-contents-of-table-cells-dont-wrap-wzxhzdk95wzxhzdk96">3.9. The contents of table cells donât wrap ## <a id="#table-cell-wrap"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="39-the-contents-of-table-cells-dont-wrap-wzxhzdk95wzxhzdk96">3.9. The contents of table cells donât wrap ## <a id="table-cell-wrap"></a></h3>
<p>You probably have <code>keep-together="always"</code> set on the table cell. See <a href="#keep-together">next question</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="310-fop-behaves-differently-from-earlier-versions-when-keep-togetheralways-is-set-on-table-cells-wzxhzdk97wzxhzdk98">3.10. FOP behaves differently from earlier versions when keep-together="always" is set on table cells ## <a id="#keep-together"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="310-fop-behaves-differently-from-earlier-versions-when-keep-togetheralways-is-set-on-table-cells-wzxhzdk97wzxhzdk98">3.10. FOP behaves differently from earlier versions when keep-together="always" is set on table cells ## <a id="keep-together"></a></h3>
<p>Support for inline-level keeps has been added in FOP 0.95, and setting <code>keep-together="always"</code> also implicitly sets <code>keep-together.within-line="always"</code> , which forbids FOP to break the text into multiple lines. Set <code>keep-together.within-column="always"</code> on table-cell instead. Itâs a good idea not to use the shorthand <code>keep-together="always"</code> at all!</p>
-<h3 id="311-fop-tells-me-the-contents-of-row-1-are-taller-than-they-should-be-what-does-that-mean-wzxhzdk99wzxhzdk100">3.11. FOP tells me: "The contents of row 1 are taller than they should be". What does that mean? ## <a id="#row-height-constraint"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="311-fop-tells-me-the-contents-of-row-1-are-taller-than-they-should-be-what-does-that-mean-wzxhzdk99wzxhzdk100">3.11. FOP tells me: "The contents of row 1 are taller than they should be". What does that mean? ## <a id="row-height-constraint"></a></h3>
<p>This is usually caused by setting a "height" on a table-row or table-cell and when the content is higher than the specified height. By setting "height" (a so-called corresponding property) you <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl11/#d0e4413">implicitely set</a> block-progression-dimension.minimum, block-progression-dimension.optimum and block-progression-dimension.maximum to the same value. You'll get some information about that in the warning message. Look for something like: "MinOptMax[min=opt=max=14000]".</p>
<p>Assuming you set the height on the table-row to 14pt and your content is 75pt high, a constraint (maximum=14pt) is violated. Normally, you just want to make sure with the "height" property that the row has a minimum height. If that is so, the right solution is to specify block-progression-dimension.minimum="14pt" instead of height="14pt".</p>
-<h3 id="312-page-numbers-are-not-properly-right-aligned-wzxhzdk101wzxhzdk102">3.12. Page numbers are not properly right aligned. ## <a id="#page-number-align"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="312-page-numbers-are-not-properly-right-aligned-wzxhzdk101wzxhzdk102">3.12. Page numbers are not properly right aligned. ## <a id="page-number-align"></a></h3>
<p>This happens for <code>fo:page-number-citation</code> elements if the citation occurs before FOP formatted the requested page, usually in TOC or index pages. It is caused by the problem that FOP has to guess how much space the yet unknown page number will occupy, and usually the guesses are somewhat off.</p>
<p>The most recent FOP releases should have this problem fixed. Check whether you can upgrade.</p>
-<h3 id="313-hyphenation-does-not-work-wzxhzdk103wzxhzdk104">3.13. Hyphenation does not work. ## <a id="#hyphenation-fails"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="313-hyphenation-does-not-work-wzxhzdk103wzxhzdk104">3.13. Hyphenation does not work. ## <a id="hyphenation-fails"></a></h3>
<p>Make sure you have set the language and optionally the country attributes for an appropriate XSL-FO element (fo:page-sequence, fo:block or fo:character):
<fo:page-sequence language="fi">
See <a href="1.0/hyphenation.html#support">Hyphenation Support</a> for details and instructions on using hyphenation with FOP.</p>
<p>Explicitly enable hyphenation for an appropriate XSL-FO element (fo:block, fo:character):
<fo:block hyphenate="true"></p>
-<h3 id="314-when-i-use-margins-my-content-in-a-nested-table-or-block-containers-gets-indented-twice-is-this-a-bug-wzxhzdk107wzxhzdk108">3.14. When I use margins, my content in a nested table or block-containers gets indented twice. Is this a bug? ## <a id="#indent-inheritance"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="314-when-i-use-margins-my-content-in-a-nested-table-or-block-containers-gets-indented-twice-is-this-a-bug-wzxhzdk107wzxhzdk108">3.14. When I use margins, my content in a nested table or block-containers gets indented twice. Is this a bug? ## <a id="indent-inheritance"></a></h3>
<p>No, although you might easily think so. The problem has to do with property inheritance of the start-indent and end-indent properties to which the margin properties are mapped. Apache FOP strictly adheres to the XSL-FO specification here which many other commercial FO implementations don't do to better meet end-user expectations. You can make FOP behave like these if you set <code>setBreakIndentInheritanceOnReferenceAreaBoundary(true)</code> on the FOUserAgent. The better way is to reset <code>start-indent</code> and <code>end-indent</code> to "0pt" on table-body or block-container. For further details, please consult the <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/xmlgraphics-fop/IndentInheritance">Wiki page on Indent Inheritance</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="315-why-is-the-output-of-java2dawt-based-renderers-different-than-for-example-pdf-or-ps-wzxhzdk109wzxhzdk110">3.15. Why is the output of Java2D/AWT-based renderers different than, for example, PDF or PS? ## <a id="#pdf-ps-java2d-differences"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="315-why-is-the-output-of-java2dawt-based-renderers-different-than-for-example-pdf-or-ps-wzxhzdk109wzxhzdk110">3.15. Why is the output of Java2D/AWT-based renderers different than, for example, PDF or PS? ## <a id="pdf-ps-java2d-differences"></a></h3>
<p>If you render the same document once to a PNG or TIFF and once into a PDF, the output may not be the same, i.e. line breaks are different or lines may have different heights. The reason for this: The Java2D-based renderers use the font subsystem of Java2D/AWT. The PDF and PS renderers use FOP's own font subsystem which provides much better font metrics than Java2D. These can lead to different layout decisions when the same document is rendered with different renderers. An alternative approach to fix this problem might be available but it hasn't been tested, yet. See also the <a href="1.0/output.html#general-fonts">notes on fonts in the various output formats</a> .</p>
-<h2 id="4-embedding-fop-using-fop-in-a-servlet-wzxhzdk111wzxhzdk112">4. Embedding FOP. Using FOP in a servlet. # <a id="#part-embedding"></a></h2>
-<h3 id="41-how-do-i-use-fop-in-a-servlet-wzxhzdk113wzxhzdk114">4.1. How do I use FOP in a servlet? ## <a id="#servlet"></a></h3>
+<h2 id="4-embedding-fop-using-fop-in-a-servlet-wzxhzdk111wzxhzdk112">4. Embedding FOP. Using FOP in a servlet. # <a id="part-embedding"></a></h2>
+<h3 id="41-how-do-i-use-fop-in-a-servlet-wzxhzdk113wzxhzdk114">4.1. How do I use FOP in a servlet? ## <a id="servlet"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/servlets.html">Using FOP in a Servlet</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="42-how-do-i-use-fop-in-a-servlet-with-an-xslt-transformation-wzxhzdk115wzxhzdk116">4.2. How do I use FOP in a servlet with an XSLT transformation? ## <a id="#servlet-with-xslt"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="42-how-do-i-use-fop-in-a-servlet-with-an-xslt-transformation-wzxhzdk115wzxhzdk116">4.2. How do I use FOP in a servlet with an XSLT transformation? ## <a id="servlet-with-xslt"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/servlets.html#xslt">Using FOP in a Servlet with XSLT Transformation</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="43-how-do-i-pass-parameters-to-the-xslt-transformation-wzxhzdk117wzxhzdk118">4.3. How do I pass parameters to the XSLT transformation? ## <a id="#servlet-xslt-params"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="43-how-do-i-pass-parameters-to-the-xslt-transformation-wzxhzdk117wzxhzdk118">4.3. How do I pass parameters to the XSLT transformation? ## <a id="servlet-xslt-params"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/servlets.html#xslt">Using FOP in a Servlet with XSLT Transformation</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="44-how-do-i-use-my-own-fonts-when-running-fop-from-a-servlet-wzxhzdk119wzxhzdk120">4.4. How do I use my own fonts when running FOP from a servlet? ## <a id="#servlet-nonstd-fonts"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="44-how-do-i-use-my-own-fonts-when-running-fop-from-a-servlet-wzxhzdk119wzxhzdk120">4.4. How do I use my own fonts when running FOP from a servlet? ## <a id="servlet-nonstd-fonts"></a></h3>
<p>Declare the fonts in the <code>userconfig.xml</code> file as usual. See <a href="#usercfg">loading the user configuration file</a> for further details.</p>
-<h3 id="45-how-do-i-set-the-basedir-property-in-a-servlet-environment-wzxhzdk121wzxhzdk122">4.5. How do I set the baseDir property in a servlet environment? ## <a id="#servlet-baseDir"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="45-how-do-i-set-the-basedir-property-in-a-servlet-environment-wzxhzdk121wzxhzdk122">4.5. How do I set the baseDir property in a servlet environment? ## <a id="servlet-baseDir"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/embedding.html#config-internal">Setting the Configuration Programmatically</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="46-how-do-i-use-a-user-configuration-file-from-a-servlet-wzxhzdk123wzxhzdk124">4.6. How do I use a user configuration file from a servlet? ## <a id="#usercfg"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="46-how-do-i-use-a-user-configuration-file-from-a-servlet-wzxhzdk123wzxhzdk124">4.6. How do I use a user configuration file from a servlet? ## <a id="usercfg"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/embedding.html#config-external">Using a Configuration File in an Embedded App</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="47-i-keep-getting-noclassdeffound-and-other-exceptions-how-do-i-get-fop-working-for-various-servlet-engines-wzxhzdk125wzxhzdk126">4.7. I keep getting NoClassDefFound and other exceptions. How do I get FOP working for various servlet engines? ## <a id="#servlet-NoClassDefFound"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="47-i-keep-getting-noclassdeffound-and-other-exceptions-how-do-i-get-fop-working-for-various-servlet-engines-wzxhzdk125wzxhzdk126">4.7. I keep getting NoClassDefFound and other exceptions. How do I get FOP working for various servlet engines? ## <a id="servlet-NoClassDefFound"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/servlets.html#servlet-engine">Servlet Engines</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="48-can-fop-be-used-in-multithreaded-environments-wzxhzdk127wzxhzdk128">4.8. Can FOP be used in multithreaded environments? ## <a id="#multithreaded"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="48-can-fop-be-used-in-multithreaded-environments-wzxhzdk127wzxhzdk128">4.8. Can FOP be used in multithreaded environments? ## <a id="multithreaded"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/embedding.html#multithreading">Multithreading FOP</a> .</p>
-<h2 id="5-svg-specific-questions-wzxhzdk129wzxhzdk130">5. SVG specific questions # <a id="#part-svg"></a></h2>
-<h3 id="51-the-rendering-of-svg-text-in-my-pdf-is-of-poor-quality-can-i-control-this-wzxhzdk131wzxhzdk132">5.1. The rendering of SVG text in my PDF is of poor quality. Can I control this? ## <a id="#svg-text"></a></h3>
+<h2 id="5-svg-specific-questions-wzxhzdk129wzxhzdk130">5. SVG specific questions # <a id="part-svg"></a></h2>
+<h3 id="51-the-rendering-of-svg-text-in-my-pdf-is-of-poor-quality-can-i-control-this-wzxhzdk131wzxhzdk132">5.1. The rendering of SVG text in my PDF is of poor quality. Can I control this? ## <a id="svg-text"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/graphics.html#svg-pdf-text">Placing SVG Text into PDF</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="52-how-do-i-use-fop-with-svg-on-headless-servers-wzxhzdk133wzxhzdk134">5.2. How do I use FOP with SVG on headless servers? ## <a id="#svg-headless"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="52-how-do-i-use-fop-with-svg-on-headless-servers-wzxhzdk133wzxhzdk134">5.2. How do I use FOP with SVG on headless servers? ## <a id="svg-headless"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/graphics.html#batik">FOP: Graphics (Batik)</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="53-fop-does-not-exit-if-a-svg-is-included-wzxhzdk135wzxhzdk136">5.3. FOP does not exit if a SVG is included. ## <a id="#svghangs"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="53-fop-does-not-exit-if-a-svg-is-included-wzxhzdk135wzxhzdk136">5.3. FOP does not exit if a SVG is included. ## <a id="svghangs"></a></h3>
<p>Applies to older FOP versions and JDK 1.3 and older. That's because there is an AWT thread hanging around. The solution is to put a System.exit(0) somewhere.</p>
-<h3 id="54-i-have-problems-with-svg-referring-to-gradients-etc-using-uristuff-i-get-a-malformedurlexception-wzxhzdk137wzxhzdk138">5.4. I have problems with SVG referring to gradients etc. using "uri(#stuff)". I get a MalformedURLException. ## <a id="#svg-url"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="54-i-have-problems-with-svg-referring-to-gradients-etc-using-uristuff-i-get-a-malformedurlexception-wzxhzdk137wzxhzdk138">5.4. I have problems with SVG referring to gradients etc. using "uri(#stuff)". I get a MalformedURLException. ## <a id="svg-url"></a></h3>
<p>This is really a "resolving relative URI" problem with some twists. The problem is that the <code>#stuff</code> URL fragment identifier is resolved within the current SVG document. So the reference must be valid within the XML subset and it cannot reference other SVG documents in the same XML file. Some options to try:</p>
<ul>
<li>
@@ -596,16 +596,16 @@ See <a href="1.0/hyphenation.html#suppor
<p>In any case, the referenced stuff has to be pointed to by an URL. It doesn't necessarily have to be a file URL, HTTP should also work. Also, expect a performance hit in all cases, because another XML file has to be retrieved and parsed.</p>
<p>Ultimately, both FOP and especially Batik should be fixed to make your code work as expected, but this will not only take some time but also some effort by a standard committee in order to make the semantics of this kind of references in embedded SVG clearer.</p>
<p>See also <a href="#MalformedURL">MalformedURLException</a> </p>
-<h3 id="55-why-is-my-svg-rendered-at-a-size-different-from-that-specified-in-my-foexternal-graphic-element-wzxhzdk139wzxhzdk140">5.5. Why is my SVG rendered at a size different from that specified in my fo:external-graphic element? ## <a id="#svg-scaling"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="55-why-is-my-svg-rendered-at-a-size-different-from-that-specified-in-my-foexternal-graphic-element-wzxhzdk139wzxhzdk140">5.5. Why is my SVG rendered at a size different from that specified in my fo:external-graphic element? ## <a id="svg-scaling"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/graphics.html#svg-scaling">SVG Scaling</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="56-fop-fails-with-something-like-the-attribute-width-of-the-element-wzxhzdk141-is-required-whats-wrong-wzxhzdk142wzxhzdk143">5.6. FOP fails with something like "The attribute "width" of the element <rect> is required". What's wrong? ## <a id="#svg-attribute-required"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="56-fop-fails-with-something-like-the-attribute-width-of-the-element-wzxhzdk141-is-required-whats-wrong-wzxhzdk142wzxhzdk143">5.6. FOP fails with something like "The attribute "width" of the element <rect> is required". What's wrong? ## <a id="svg-attribute-required"></a></h3>
<p>This phenomenon is not a bug in FOP, but rather in the dependent packages: Apache Batik, Apache Xalan-J and SAXON. The bug in Apache Batik will be fixed in the next release. In the latest release of Apache Xalan-J, the bug is already fixed. It only occurs in the Xalan version bundled with Sun's JVM, because Sun uses a rather old version.</p>
<p>Bug description: In a namespace-enabled Level 3 DOM, an attribute in the default namespace must be set with <code>"null"</code> as the value for the namespace URI. SAX, on the other side, uses an empty string ("") to designate the default namespace. Many packages appear to not properly handle this difference in which case they still use the empty string as the namespace URI parameter for <code>org.w3c.dom.Element.setAttributeNS()</code> .</p>
<p>Work-around: Use the latest version of Apache Xalan-J. Note that starting with JDK 1.4 it's not enough to replace Xalan-J on the normal application classpath and you need to override the Xalan-J version bundled with the Sun JVM using the <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/standards/">Endorsed Standards Override Mechanism</a> , i.e. you must place Xalan-J in the <code>"lib/endorsed"</code> directory of your JRE.</p>
-<h2 id="6-pdf-specific-includes-acrobat-peculiarities-wzxhzdk144wzxhzdk145">6. PDF specific (includes Acrobat peculiarities) # <a id="#part-pdf"></a></h2>
-<h3 id="61-how-do-i-embed-fonts-in-pdf-wzxhzdk146wzxhzdk147">6.1. How do I embed fonts in PDF? ## <a id="#pdf-embed-font"></a></h3>
+<h2 id="6-pdf-specific-includes-acrobat-peculiarities-wzxhzdk144wzxhzdk145">6. PDF specific (includes Acrobat peculiarities) # <a id="part-pdf"></a></h2>
+<h3 id="61-how-do-i-embed-fonts-in-pdf-wzxhzdk146wzxhzdk147">6.1. How do I embed fonts in PDF? ## <a id="pdf-embed-font"></a></h3>
<p>See the <a href="1.0/fonts.html">Fonts</a> page for information about embedding fonts.</p>
-<h3 id="62-some-characters-are-not-displayed-or-displayed-incorrectly-or-displayed-as-wzxhzdk148wzxhzdk149">6.2. Some characters are not displayed, or displayed incorrectly, or displayed as â#â. ## <a id="#pdf-characters"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="62-some-characters-are-not-displayed-or-displayed-incorrectly-or-displayed-as-wzxhzdk148wzxhzdk149">6.2. Some characters are not displayed, or displayed incorrectly, or displayed as â#â. ## <a id="pdf-characters"></a></h3>
<p>This usually means the selected font doesn't have a glyph for the character.</p>
<p>The standard text fonts supplied with Acrobat Reader have mostly glyphs for characters from the ISO Latin 1 character set. For a variety of reasons, even those are not completely guaranteed to work, for example you can't use the fi ligature from the standard serif font. Check the <a href="1.0/output.html#pdf-fonts">overview</a> for the default PDF fonts.</p>
<p>If you use your own fonts, the font must have a glyph for the desired character. Furthermore the font must be available on the machine where the PDF is viewed or it must have been embedded in the PDF file. See <a href="1.0/fonts.html">embedding fonts</a> .</p>
@@ -613,79 +613,79 @@ See <a href="1.0/hyphenation.html#suppor
<fo:inline font-family="Symbol">∅</fo:inline>
The "#" shows up if the selected font does not define a glyph for the required character, for example if you try:
<fo:inline font-family="Helvetica">∅</fo:inline></p>
-<h3 id="63-what-tools-are-available-for-post-processing-my-pdf-document-wzxhzdk156wzxhzdk157">6.3. What tools are available for post-processing my PDF document? ## <a id="#pdf-postprocess"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="63-what-tools-are-available-for-post-processing-my-pdf-document-wzxhzdk156wzxhzdk157">6.3. What tools are available for post-processing my PDF document? ## <a id="pdf-postprocess"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/output.html#pdf-postprocess">PDF Post-processing</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="64-how-do-i-add-security-features-encryption-disable-printing-to-my-pdf-document-wzxhzdk158wzxhzdk159">6.4. How do I add security features (encryption, disable printing) to my PDF document? ## <a id="#pdf-security"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="64-how-do-i-add-security-features-encryption-disable-printing-to-my-pdf-document-wzxhzdk158wzxhzdk159">6.4. How do I add security features (encryption, disable printing) to my PDF document? ## <a id="pdf-security"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/pdfencryption.html">PDF Encryption</a> . See also <a href="1.0/output.html#pdf-postprocess">PDF Post-processing</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="65-how-do-i-add-document-properties-title-author-etc-to-my-pdf-document-wzxhzdk160wzxhzdk161">6.5. How do I add document properties (title, author, etc.) to my PDF document? ## <a id="#pdf-doc-properties"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="65-how-do-i-add-document-properties-title-author-etc-to-my-pdf-document-wzxhzdk160wzxhzdk161">6.5. How do I add document properties (title, author, etc.) to my PDF document? ## <a id="pdf-doc-properties"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/metadata.html">Metadata</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="66-how-do-i-add-watermarks-to-my-pdf-document-wzxhzdk162wzxhzdk163">6.6. How do I add watermarks to my PDF document? ## <a id="#pdf-watermark"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="66-how-do-i-add-watermarks-to-my-pdf-document-wzxhzdk162wzxhzdk163">6.6. How do I add watermarks to my PDF document? ## <a id="pdf-watermark"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="1.0/output.html#pdf-watermark">PDF Watermarks</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="67-the-pdf-is-printed-contorted-wzxhzdk164wzxhzdk165">6.7. The PDF is printed contorted! ## <a id="#pdf-print-contortion"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="67-the-pdf-is-printed-contorted-wzxhzdk164wzxhzdk165">6.7. The PDF is printed contorted! ## <a id="pdf-print-contortion"></a></h3>
<p>Check the paper size in Acrobat settings and the "fit to page" print setting. Contorted printing is often caused by a mismatched paper format, for example if the setting is "US Letter" but the PDF was made for A4. Sometimes also the printer driver interferes, check its settings too.</p>
-<h3 id="68-how-do-i-control-the-acrobat-bookmark-display-wzxhzdk166wzxhzdk167">6.8. How do I control the Acrobat bookmark display? ## <a id="#pdf-bookmark-display"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="68-how-do-i-control-the-acrobat-bookmark-display-wzxhzdk166wzxhzdk167">6.8. How do I control the Acrobat bookmark display? ## <a id="pdf-bookmark-display"></a></h3>
<p>FOP supports the starting-state property of the XSL 1.1 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl11/#fo_bookmark">fo:bookmark</a> element which can be used for this. The color, font-style and font-weight properties on <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl11/#fo_bookmark-title">fo:bookmark-title</a> are not yet supported, though.</p>
-<h3 id="69-how-can-i-get-rid-of-strange-single-pixel-lines-inside-table-borders-or-between-table-cells-in-adobe-acrobat-wzxhzdk168wzxhzdk169">6.9. How can I get rid of strange single-pixel lines inside table borders or between table cells in Adobe Acrobat? ## <a id="#acrobat-anti-aliasing"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="69-how-can-i-get-rid-of-strange-single-pixel-lines-inside-table-borders-or-between-table-cells-in-adobe-acrobat-wzxhzdk168wzxhzdk169">6.9. How can I get rid of strange single-pixel lines inside table borders or between table cells in Adobe Acrobat? ## <a id="acrobat-anti-aliasing"></a></h3>
<p>Since Apache FOP supports the collapsed border model, every border segment consists of two separate shapes. This is due to the fact that each side of the border segment can have a different color. Now, Adobe Acrobat may display thin (1 pixel wide) lines inside the border segment or sometimes even between to adjacent colored rectangles making up the background of a block or table cell. This effect is due to the way Adobe Acrobat does anti-aliasing. Adobe's algorithm seems to cause these artifacts. Other PDF viewers don't have that problem. Or at least we haven't had any reports in that direction.</p>
<p>First of all, these artifacts do not appear in print since no anti-aliasing is done by Adobe Acrobat in this case (except maybe if you tell Acrobat to print the page as a bitmap in which case Adobe fully composes the page itself). So, if the artifacts appear on screen, it doesn't mean they have to appear in print, too.</p>
<p>To get rid of the artifacts, you can call up the "Preferences" dialog of Adobe Acrobat and select the tab "Page display". Enabling "Enhance thin lines" may help in some situations. Otherwise, you can disable "Smooth line art". You may have to disable "Use 2D graphics acceleration", too, so you can disable "Smooth line art" in the first place.</p>
<p>Here an example of how the effect can look like (left: anti-aliasing on, right: anti-aliasing off):
<figure alt="Left: anti-aliasing on, Right: off" src="images/acrobat-anti-aliasing-artifacts.png"></figure>
Unfortunately, it is not possible to control the above settings from within the PDF file. The user has to change these settings himself. Improving FOP to avoid this kind of problem would be possible although rather hard to achieve because we'd need to add a considerable amount of code to combine the various line segments. Something like that has been tried already years ago showing that this is a tricky task. Also, the improvement may not justify the amount of effort required.</p>
-<h2 id="7-iex-specific-stuff-wzxhzdk172wzxhzdk173">7. IEx specific stuff # <a id="#part-iex"></a></h2>
-<h3 id="71-the-fop-servlet-is-called-multiple-times-wzxhzdk174wzxhzdk175">7.1. The FOP servlet is called multiple times! ## <a id="#iex-servlet-multiple"></a></h3>
+<h2 id="7-iex-specific-stuff-wzxhzdk172wzxhzdk173">7. IEx specific stuff # <a id="part-iex"></a></h2>
+<h3 id="71-the-fop-servlet-is-called-multiple-times-wzxhzdk174wzxhzdk175">7.1. The FOP servlet is called multiple times! ## <a id="iex-servlet-multiple"></a></h3>
<p>This is a problem of Internet Explorer requesting the content several times. Please see the <a href="1.0/servlets.html#ie">notes on Internet Explorer</a> for more information.</p>
-<h3 id="72-how-do-i-print-pdf-directly-from-the-browser-wzxhzdk176wzxhzdk177">7.2. How do I print PDF directly from the browser? ## <a id="#iex-pdf-print-from-browser"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="72-how-do-i-print-pdf-directly-from-the-browser-wzxhzdk176wzxhzdk177">7.2. How do I print PDF directly from the browser? ## <a id="iex-pdf-print-from-browser"></a></h3>
<p>It depends whether you mean "printing to a printer under control of the server" or "printing on the client's printer".</p>
<p>For the first problem, look at the print servlet in the FOP examples. You'll have to gather any printer settings in a HTML form and send it to the server.</p>
<p>For the second task, you can use some client side script to start Acrobat Reader in print mode, or use a Java applet based on the FOP print servlet. This depends heavily on the client installation and should not be relied on except in tightly controlled environments.</p>
<p>See also <a href="http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=fop-dev&m=101065988325115&w=2">http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=fop-dev&m=101065988325115&w=2</a> </p>
-<h2 id="8-general-questions-regarding-xslt-xslfo-and-basic-xml-wzxhzdk178wzxhzdk179">8. General questions regarding XSLT, XSLFO, and basic XML # <a id="#part-input"></a></h2>
-<h3 id="81-fo-how-do-i-vertically-center-an-image-or-a-table-or-whatever-wzxhzdk180wzxhzdk181">8.1. (FO) How do I vertically center an image or a table (or whatever)? ## <a id="#fo-center"></a></h3>
+<h2 id="8-general-questions-regarding-xslt-xslfo-and-basic-xml-wzxhzdk178wzxhzdk179">8. General questions regarding XSLT, XSLFO, and basic XML # <a id="part-input"></a></h2>
+<h3 id="81-fo-how-do-i-vertically-center-an-image-or-a-table-or-whatever-wzxhzdk180wzxhzdk181">8.1. (FO) How do I vertically center an image or a table (or whatever)? ## <a id="fo-center"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#fo-center-vertical">XSL-FO Vertical Centering</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="82-fo-how-do-i-center-a-table-horizontally-wzxhzdk182wzxhzdk183">8.2. (FO) How do I center a table horizontally? ## <a id="#fo-center-table-horizon"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="82-fo-how-do-i-center-a-table-horizontally-wzxhzdk182wzxhzdk183">8.2. (FO) How do I center a table horizontally? ## <a id="fo-center-table-horizon"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#fo-center-table-horizon">XSL-FO Horizontal Centering (Tables)</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="83-fo-how-to-get-page-numbers-printed-on-the-outer-side-of-the-page-for-books-for-example-wzxhzdk184wzxhzdk185">8.3. (FO) How to get page numbers printed on the "outer side" of the page (for books, for example)? ## <a id="#fo-page-outer"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="83-fo-how-to-get-page-numbers-printed-on-the-outer-side-of-the-page-for-books-for-example-wzxhzdk184wzxhzdk185">8.3. (FO) How to get page numbers printed on the "outer side" of the page (for books, for example)? ## <a id="fo-page-outer"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#fo-oddeven">Recto/Verso Static Content Differences</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="84-fo-how-do-i-use-different-static-content-for-odd-and-even-pages-wzxhzdk186wzxhzdk187">8.4. (FO) How do I use different static content for odd and even pages? ## <a id="#oddeven"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="84-fo-how-do-i-use-different-static-content-for-odd-and-even-pages-wzxhzdk186wzxhzdk187">8.4. (FO) How do I use different static content for odd and even pages? ## <a id="oddeven"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#fo-oddeven">Recto/Verso Static Content Differences</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="85-fo-how-do-i-get-a-special-header-on-the-first-page-wzxhzdk188wzxhzdk189">8.5. (FO) How do I get a special header on the first page? ## <a id="#fo-first-page-header"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="85-fo-how-do-i-get-a-special-header-on-the-first-page-wzxhzdk188wzxhzdk189">8.5. (FO) How do I get a special header on the first page? ## <a id="fo-first-page-header"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#fo-first-page">Making the First Page Special</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="86-fo-how-do-i-omit-my-headers-on-a-blank-page-how-do-i-write-this-page-is-left-blank-on-an-intentionally-blank-page-wzxhzdk190wzxhzdk191">8.6. (FO) How do I omit my headers on a blank page? How do I write "This page is left blank" on an intentionally blank page? ## <a id="#fo-omit-headers"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="86-fo-how-do-i-omit-my-headers-on-a-blank-page-how-do-i-write-this-page-is-left-blank-on-an-intentionally-blank-page-wzxhzdk190wzxhzdk191">8.6. (FO) How do I omit my headers on a blank page? How do I write "This page is left blank" on an intentionally blank page? ## <a id="fo-omit-headers"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#fo-blank-pages">Blank Pages</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="87-fo-how-do-i-print-an-euro-sign-a-checkbox-or-other-some-other-special-symbols-wzxhzdk192wzxhzdk193">8.7. (FO) How do I print an Euro sign, a checkbox or other some other special symbols? ## <a id="#fo-special-symbols"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="87-fo-how-do-i-print-an-euro-sign-a-checkbox-or-other-some-other-special-symbols-wzxhzdk192wzxhzdk193">8.7. (FO) How do I print an Euro sign, a checkbox or other some other special symbols? ## <a id="fo-special-symbols"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#xml-special-chars">Special Characters</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="88-fo-how-do-i-keep-linebreaks-and-hard-spaces-how-do-i-get-preformatted-text-displayed-as-expected-wzxhzdk194wzxhzdk195">8.8. (FO) How do I keep linebreaks and hard spaces? How do I get preformatted text displayed as expected? ## <a id="#fo-preformat"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="88-fo-how-do-i-keep-linebreaks-and-hard-spaces-how-do-i-get-preformatted-text-displayed-as-expected-wzxhzdk194wzxhzdk195">8.8. (FO) How do I keep linebreaks and hard spaces? How do I get preformatted text displayed as expected? ## <a id="fo-preformat"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#fo-preformat">Preformatting Content</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="89-fo-how-do-i-print-the-total-number-of-pages-for-example-page-1-of-12-wzxhzdk196wzxhzdk197">8.9. (FO) How do I print the total number of pages, for example "page 1 of 12" ## <a id="#fo-total-pages"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="89-fo-how-do-i-print-the-total-number-of-pages-for-example-page-1-of-12-wzxhzdk196wzxhzdk197">8.9. (FO) How do I print the total number of pages, for example "page 1 of 12" ## <a id="fo-total-pages"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#fo-total-pages">Total Document Pages</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="810-fo-the-header-overlaps-body-content-the-body-extends-into-the-footer-wzxhzdk198wzxhzdk199">8.10. (FO) The header overlaps body content. The body extends into the footer. ## <a id="#fo-region-overlap"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="810-fo-the-header-overlaps-body-content-the-body-extends-into-the-footer-wzxhzdk198wzxhzdk199">8.10. (FO) The header overlaps body content. The body extends into the footer. ## <a id="fo-region-overlap"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#fo-region-align">Aligning Regions</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="811-fo-how-do-i-get-lines-in-the-document-as-separators-side-bars-or-folding-marks-wzxhzdk200wzxhzdk201">8.11. (FO) How do I get lines in the document, as separators, side bars or folding marks? ## <a id="#fo-lines"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="811-fo-how-do-i-get-lines-in-the-document-as-separators-side-bars-or-folding-marks-wzxhzdk200wzxhzdk201">8.11. (FO) How do I get lines in the document, as separators, side bars or folding marks? ## <a id="fo-lines"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#fo-lines">Drawing Lines</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="812-fo-how-do-i-validate-my-fo-document-wzxhzdk202wzxhzdk203">8.12. (FO) How do I validate my FO document? ## <a id="#fo-validate"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="812-fo-how-do-i-validate-my-fo-document-wzxhzdk202wzxhzdk203">8.12. (FO) How do I validate my FO document? ## <a id="fo-validate"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#fo-validate">Validating XSL-FO</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="813-xml-how-do-i-get-a-non-breaking-space-in-fo-there-are-complaints-about-wzxhzdk206-wzxhzdk204wzxhzdk205">8.13. (XML) How do I get a non-breaking space in FO? There are complaints about . ## <a id="#xml-non-breaking-space"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="813-xml-how-do-i-get-a-non-breaking-space-in-fo-there-are-complaints-about-wzxhzdk206-wzxhzdk204wzxhzdk205">8.13. (XML) How do I get a non-breaking space in FO? There are complaints about . ## <a id="xml-non-breaking-space"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#xml-special-chars">XML Special Characters</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="814-xml-how-do-i-enter-special-characters-in-xml-there-are-complaints-about-undefined-entities-such-as-wzxhzdk209-which-work-in-html-wzxhzdk207wzxhzdk208">8.14. (XML) How do I enter special characters in XML? There are complaints about undefined entities, such as ü, which work in HTML. ## <a id="#xml-undefined-entities"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="814-xml-how-do-i-enter-special-characters-in-xml-there-are-complaints-about-undefined-entities-such-as-wzxhzdk209-which-work-in-html-wzxhzdk207wzxhzdk208">8.14. (XML) How do I enter special characters in XML? There are complaints about undefined entities, such as ü, which work in HTML. ## <a id="xml-undefined-entities"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#xml-special-chars">XML Special Characters</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="815-xml-there-are-complaints-about-illegal-characters-and-entities-in-the-input-wzxhzdk210wzxhzdk211">8.15. (XML) There are complaints about illegal characters and entities in the input. ## <a id="#xml-illegal-entities"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="815-xml-there-are-complaints-about-illegal-characters-and-entities-in-the-input-wzxhzdk210wzxhzdk211">8.15. (XML) There are complaints about illegal characters and entities in the input. ## <a id="xml-illegal-entities"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#xml-entity-chars">Using HTML Character Names</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="816-xml-there-are-complaints-about-illegal-bytes-or-characters-in-the-input-there-are-odd-characters-in-the-result-wzxhzdk212wzxhzdk213">8.16. (XML) There are complaints about illegal bytes or characters in the input. There are odd characters in the result. ## <a id="#xml-illegal-chars"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="816-xml-there-are-complaints-about-illegal-bytes-or-characters-in-the-input-there-are-odd-characters-in-the-result-wzxhzdk212wzxhzdk213">8.16. (XML) There are complaints about illegal bytes or characters in the input. There are odd characters in the result. ## <a id="xml-illegal-chars"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#xml-encoding">XML Encoding Issues</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="817-xslt-how-can-i-use-the-current-date-and-time-in-my-document-wzxhzdk214wzxhzdk215">8.17. (XSLT) How can I use the current date and time in my document? ## <a id="#xslt-current-date"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="817-xslt-how-can-i-use-the-current-date-and-time-in-my-document-wzxhzdk214wzxhzdk215">8.17. (XSLT) How can I use the current date and time in my document? ## <a id="xslt-current-date"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="fo.html#xslt-date">Current Date and Time</a> .</p>
-<h3 id="818-can-i-use-fop-to-convert-xhtml-or-html-files-to-pdf-wzxhzdk216wzxhzdk217">8.18. Can I use FOP to convert XHTML or HTML files to PDF? ## <a id="#xhtml-to-pdf"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="818-can-i-use-fop-to-convert-xhtml-or-html-files-to-pdf-wzxhzdk216wzxhzdk217">8.18. Can I use FOP to convert XHTML or HTML files to PDF? ## <a id="xhtml-to-pdf"></a></h3>
<p>You will get better results if you transform your source XML directly into XSLFO. It is tempting to use the XML->XHTML->XSLFO approach, because this apparently means there's only one transformation to maintain, but XHTML and publishing grade PDF are dissimilar enough that an "generic" XHTML->XSLFO(PDF) usually wont cut it, because the XHTML already lacks information from the original XML. It may be worthwhile to go from the source XML to an intermediate custom XML which on one hand is close enough to representation to allow simple transformation to either XHTML or XSLFO for most of the structure, but on the other hand retains enough semantic from the original XML that elements which must be handled differently in the two representations can be handled differently. Setting this up requires experience and most likely extensive prototyping.</p>
-<h3 id="819-i-know-it-may-be-a-bad-idea-to-use-fop-to-convert-xhtml-or-html-files-to-pdf-but-i-want-to-do-it-anyway-are-there-any-tools-available-to-help-me-wzxhzdk218wzxhzdk219">8.19. I know it may be a bad idea to use FOP to convert XHTML or HTML files to PDF, but I want to do it anyway. Are there any tools available to help me? ## <a id="#xhtml-to-pdf2"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="819-i-know-it-may-be-a-bad-idea-to-use-fop-to-convert-xhtml-or-html-files-to-pdf-but-i-want-to-do-it-anyway-are-there-any-tools-available-to-help-me-wzxhzdk218wzxhzdk219">8.19. I know it may be a bad idea to use FOP to convert XHTML or HTML files to PDF, but I want to do it anyway. Are there any tools available to help me? ## <a id="xhtml-to-pdf2"></a></h3>
<p>The <a href="resources.html">FOP Resources page</a> has links to a tool called <a href="http://html2fo.sourceforge.net/">html2fo</a> which can be used to make such a transformation. In addition, there are tools on the Antenna House <a href="http://www.antennahouse.com/XSLsample/XSLsample.htm">XSL-FO Tutorial and Sample</a> page.</p>
-<h2 id="9-development-related-questions-wzxhzdk220wzxhzdk221">9. Development-related Questions. # <a id="#dev-help"></a></h2>
-<h3 id="91-where-can-i-learn-how-the-fop-docs-and-web-site-are-built-wzxhzdk222wzxhzdk223">9.1. Where can I learn how the FOP docs and web site are built? ## <a id="#doc-mgt"></a></h3>
+<h2 id="9-development-related-questions-wzxhzdk220wzxhzdk221">9. Development-related Questions. # <a id="dev-help"></a></h2>
+<h3 id="91-where-can-i-learn-how-the-fop-docs-and-web-site-are-built-wzxhzdk222wzxhzdk223">9.1. Where can I learn how the FOP docs and web site are built? ## <a id="doc-mgt"></a></h3>
<p>See FOP <a href="dev/doc.html">Doc Management</a> . ;-)</p>
-<h2 id="10-general-suggestions-how-to-solve-problems-wzxhzdk224wzxhzdk225">10. General suggestions. How to solve problems. # <a id="#part-help"></a></h2>
-<h3 id="101-i-think-i-have-found-a-bug-in-fop-what-should-i-do-wzxhzdk226wzxhzdk227">10.1. I think I have found a bug in FOP. What should I do? ## <a id="#bugs"></a></h3>
+<h2 id="10-general-suggestions-how-to-solve-problems-wzxhzdk224wzxhzdk225">10. General suggestions. How to solve problems. # <a id="part-help"></a></h2>
+<h3 id="101-i-think-i-have-found-a-bug-in-fop-what-should-i-do-wzxhzdk226wzxhzdk227">10.1. I think I have found a bug in FOP. What should I do? ## <a id="bugs"></a></h3>
<p>See <a href="bugs.html">the Bugs page</a> for information about bugs already reported and how to report new ones.</p>
-<h3 id="102-i-have-questions-that-are-not-addressed-in-this-faq-where-should-i-post-them-wzxhzdk228wzxhzdk229">10.2. I have questions that are not addressed in this FAQ. Where should I post them? ## <a id="#postquestions"></a></h3>
+<h3 id="102-i-have-questions-that-are-not-addressed-in-this-faq-where-should-i-post-them-wzxhzdk228wzxhzdk229">10.2. I have questions that are not addressed in this FAQ. Where should I post them? ## <a id="postquestions"></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>If your question is a development-related question, please see the <a href="dev/faq.html">Developer FAQs</a> .</p>
Modified: websites/staging/xmlgraphics/trunk/content/fop/fo.html
==============================================================================
--- websites/staging/xmlgraphics/trunk/content/fop/fo.html (original)
+++ websites/staging/xmlgraphics/trunk/content/fop/fo.html Tue Oct 23 15:07:21 2012
@@ -331,10 +331,10 @@ $(document).ready(function () {
<div id="content" class="grid_16">
<!-- <div id="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <a href="/fop/">Fop</a></div> -->
<div class="section-content"><p><subtitle>Basic Help for Using XML, XSLT, and XSL-FO</subtitle><version>$Revision: 1298724 $</version></p>
-<h1 id="overview-wzxhzdk5wzxhzdk6">Overview <a id="#overview"></a></h1>
+<h1 id="overview-wzxhzdk5wzxhzdk6">Overview <a id="overview"></a></h1>
<p>Apache™ FOP uses XSL-FO as input. It is the responsibility of the user to make sure that the XSL-FO submitted to FOP is correct. The tutorial items presented here are not comprehensive, but are of the FAQ variety. Another good FAQ is<fork href="http://www.dpawson.co.uk/xsl/">Dave Pawson's XSL FAQ</fork>.</p>
-<h1 id="xml-issues-wzxhzdk10wzxhzdk11">XML Issues <a id="#xml"></a></h1>
-<h2 id="special-characters-wzxhzdk12wzxhzdk13">Special Characters # <a id="#xml-special-chars"></a></h2>
+<h1 id="xml-issues-wzxhzdk10wzxhzdk11">XML Issues <a id="xml"></a></h1>
+<h2 id="special-characters-wzxhzdk12wzxhzdk13">Special Characters # <a id="xml-special-chars"></a></h2>
<p>When entering special (non-ASCII) characters in XML, the general rule is to use the applicable Unicode character instead of trying to use a character entity as you would with HTML. Remember that HTML is an SGML document type. SGML has a limited character set, which requires it to use character entities to represent special characters. One of the improvements of XML over SGML (and thus HTML) is native support for Unicode. Basic XML has only a handful of character entities, primarily because it doesn't really need more.</p>
<p>Entities such as <code>&uuml;</code> (u with an umlaut), which work in HTML, will be flagged as undefined entities unless you define them yourself in your DTD. Use the corresponding Unicode character instead. A list of predefined HTML entities and their Unicode codepoints can be found at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/sgml/entities.html">Character entity references in HTML 4</a> .</p>
<p>One common example is <code>&nbsp;</code> , used to obtain a non-breaking space in HTML. In XML, use   instead.</p>
@@ -343,14 +343,14 @@ $(document).ready(function () {
€
Getting your XML correctly encoded is only part of the job. If you want the character to display or print correctly (and you probably do), then the selected font must contain the necessary glyph. Because of differences between font encoding methods, and limitations in some font technologies, this can be a troublesome issue, especially for symbol characters. The FOP example file <a href="fo/fonts.fo.pdf">Base-14 Font Character Mapping</a> is a very useful resource in sorting these issues out for the Base-14 fonts. For other fonts, use font editing sofware or operating system utilities (such as the Character Map in most Windows platforms) to determine what characters the font supports.</p>
<p>An alternative to encoding the character and making it available through a font is to use an embedded graphic to represent the character: GIF, PNG, SVG, etc.</p>
-<h2 id="entity-characters-wzxhzdk16wzxhzdk17">Entity Characters # <a id="#xml-entity-chars"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="entity-characters-wzxhzdk16wzxhzdk17">Entity Characters # <a id="xml-entity-chars"></a></h2>
<p>The handful of basic XML character entities that do exist are the ampersand, apostrophe, less-than, greater-than, and single-quote characters. These are needed to distinguish markup tags from content, and to distinguish character entities from content. To avoid parser complaints about illegal characters and entities in your input, ensure that ampersands in text and attributes are written as &, "<" is written as <, and ">" as >. It is not necessary everywhere, but it is wise to do so anyway, just to be sure.</p>
<p>Most XML parsers will provide a line number and sometimes a column number for offending characters.</p>
<p>Review the <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">XML Specification</a> or a good tutorial for details of the XML file format.</p>
-<h2 id="encoding-issues-wzxhzdk21wzxhzdk22">Encoding Issues # <a id="#xml-encoding"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="encoding-issues-wzxhzdk21wzxhzdk22">Encoding Issues # <a id="xml-encoding"></a></h2>
<p>If the parser complains about illegal bytes or characters in the input, or there are unexpected characters in the output, this is usually the result of a character encoding problem. See the <a href="http://www.dpawson.co.uk/xsl">XSL FAQ</a> for additional information. Many software packages that produce XML, including XSLT processors, use UTF-8 encoding as a default. If you view their output with something not aware of the encoding, like Notepad for Win95/98/ME/NT, funny characters are displayed. A � is a giveaway.</p>
-<h1 id="xslt-issues-wzxhzdk23wzxhzdk24">XSLT Issues <a id="#xslt"></a></h1>
-<h2 id="current-date-and-time-wzxhzdk25wzxhzdk26">Current Date and Time # <a id="#xslt-date"></a></h2>
+<h1 id="xslt-issues-wzxhzdk23wzxhzdk24">XSLT Issues <a id="xslt"></a></h1>
+<h2 id="current-date-and-time-wzxhzdk25wzxhzdk26">Current Date and Time # <a id="xslt-date"></a></h2>
<p>XSL-FO does not currently have a function for retrieving the current date and time. However, in some cases, XSLT can be used to place the current date and time into the XSL-FO document as it is generated.</p>
<p>One possibility is to use the<jump href="http://exslt.org/date/index.html">exslt date and time extension</jump>.</p>
<p>Another possibility is to use java or javascript (or perhaps some other language). Here is an example, using java, that works with Xalan. First, create the appropriate namespace:
@@ -363,8 +363,8 @@ Next, use the java language to retrieve
<xsl:value-of select="java:format(java:java.text.SimpleDateFormat.new
('MMMM d, yyyy, h:mm:ss a (zz)'), java:java.util.Date.new())"/>
</xsl:template></p>
-<h1 id="xsl-fo-issues-wzxhzdk32wzxhzdk33">XSL-FO Issues <a id="#xsl-fo"></a></h1>
-<h2 id="vertical-centering-wzxhzdk34wzxhzdk35">Vertical Centering # <a id="#fo-center-vertical"></a></h2>
+<h1 id="xsl-fo-issues-wzxhzdk32wzxhzdk33">XSL-FO Issues <a id="xsl-fo"></a></h1>
+<h2 id="vertical-centering-wzxhzdk34wzxhzdk35">Vertical Centering # <a id="fo-center-vertical"></a></h2>
<p>To vertically center an image, table, or other item, use display-align="center". See <a href="compliance.html#fo-property-display-align">display-align Compliance</a> for implementation status. Here is a small, self-contained document centering an image on a page:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format">
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ Next, use the java language to retrieve
</fo:flow>
</fo:page-sequence>
</fo:root></p>
-<h2 id="horizontal-centering-tables-wzxhzdk59wzxhzdk60">Horizontal Centering (Tables) # <a id="#fo-center-table-horizon"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="horizontal-centering-tables-wzxhzdk59wzxhzdk60">Horizontal Centering (Tables) # <a id="fo-center-table-horizon"></a></h2>
<p>To center a table horizontally, one possibility is to add one column on the left and one on the right which pad the table so that the visible part is centered:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format">
@@ -419,9 +419,9 @@ Next, use the java language to retrieve
</fo:page-sequence>
</fo:root>
If your table is more complicated, or if defining borders on individual cells becomes too much work, use the code above and nest your table within the middle cell.</p>
-<h2 id="right-aligning-tables-wzxhzdk85wzxhzdk86">Right-Aligning (Tables) # <a id="#fo-right-align-table-horizon"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="right-aligning-tables-wzxhzdk85wzxhzdk86">Right-Aligning (Tables) # <a id="fo-right-align-table-horizon"></a></h2>
<p>To right-align a table, you can use the same approach as above for centering tables. Just remove the last table-column element which causes all the left-over space not used by the columns with a fixed column-width to be assigned to the first column which effectively right-aligns the table.</p>
-<h2 id="rectoverso-static-content-differences-wzxhzdk87wzxhzdk88">Recto/Verso Static Content Differences # <a id="#fo-oddeven"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="rectoverso-static-content-differences-wzxhzdk87wzxhzdk88">Recto/Verso Static Content Differences # <a id="fo-oddeven"></a></h2>
<p>One frequent request is that static content be different between recto pages (right-side or odd-numbered pages typically) and verso pages(left-side or even-numbered pages typically). For example, you may wish to place the page number on the "outer" side of each page. There are examples in the FO distribution and in the <a href="http://www.dpawson.co.uk/xsl/sect3/index.html">XSL FAQ FO section</a> .</p>
<p>First, define a page master with alternating pages masters for odd and even pages. Then specify appropriate regions in these page masters, giving them different names. Use these names to put different static content in these regions. Here is a self-contained demonstration:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ If your table is more complicated, or if
</fo:flow>
</fo:page-sequence>
</fo:root></p>
-<h2 id="making-the-first-page-special-wzxhzdk123wzxhzdk124">Making the First Page Special # <a id="#fo-first-page"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="making-the-first-page-special-wzxhzdk123wzxhzdk124">Making the First Page Special # <a id="fo-first-page"></a></h2>
<p>To get a special header on the first page, one possibility is to insert it into the flow instead of the static content. Alternatively, use a page master referring to different page masters for the first page and the rest. Here is a code sample:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format">
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ If your table is more complicated, or if
</fo:flow>
</fo:page-sequence>
</fo:root></p>
-<h2 id="blank-pages-wzxhzdk158wzxhzdk159">Blank Pages # <a id="#fo-blank-pages"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="blank-pages-wzxhzdk158wzxhzdk159">Blank Pages # <a id="fo-blank-pages"></a></h2>
<p>Sometimes it is desirable to insert blank pages within your output, starting, for example, a new chapter on an odd page or an even page. A blank page can be forced by using <code>break-before="page-even"</code> or similar properties, or by a force-page-count="end-on-odd" on a page sequence.</p>
<p>To write "This page is intentionally left blank" (or something similar) on an intentionally blank page, first define a conditional page master with a page master specific for blank pages. This allows you to specify static content for blank pages (by definition, a page is blank if no content from a flow is rendered on the page). Omit your normal headers and footers, and use (for example) an extended header to print the "..left blank" statement:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
@@ -547,9 +547,9 @@ If your table is more complicated, or if
</fo:flow>
</fo:page-sequence>
</fo:root></p>
-<h2 id="preformatting-content-wzxhzdk191wzxhzdk192">Preformatting Content # <a id="#fo-preformat"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="preformatting-content-wzxhzdk191wzxhzdk192">Preformatting Content # <a id="fo-preformat"></a></h2>
<p>Sometimes it is desirable to retain linebreaks and hard spaces, and to get preformatted text to pass through without being changed. The XSL-FO specification provides some properties for this: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl11/#white-space-collapse">white-space-collapse</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xsl-20011015/slice7.html#white-space-collapse">linefeed-treatment</a> . In FOP, use white-space-collapse="false" on an enclosing block.</p>
-<h2 id="total-document-pages-wzxhzdk193wzxhzdk194">Total Document Pages # <a id="#fo-total-pages"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="total-document-pages-wzxhzdk193wzxhzdk194">Total Document Pages # <a id="fo-total-pages"></a></h2>
<p>It is frequently desirable to know the total number of pages in a document and to use that number within the document. For example, you might wish to show the page number on the first page as being "page 1 of 12".</p>
<p>To accomplish this in <strong>XSL 1.0</strong> , place an empty block with an id at the end of the flow:
<fo:flow ...>
@@ -614,10 +614,10 @@ import javax.xml.transform.stream.</em>;
}
Declare and use the parameter "page-count" in your XSLT.
<warning>It is possible to run into a convergence problem with this solution. Replacing the "#" placeholder in the first run with the actual page count in the second run, may change the total number of pages in the document.</warning></p>
-<h2 id="aligning-regions-wzxhzdk204wzxhzdk205">Aligning Regions # <a id="#fo-region-align"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="aligning-regions-wzxhzdk204wzxhzdk205">Aligning Regions # <a id="fo-region-align"></a></h2>
<p>Although it may seem counterintuitive, the regions on a page may overlap. Defining a certain body region does not automatically constrain other regions. Instead, this has to be done explicitly. Sometimes for creative reasons it may be desirable to have the regions overlap. Otherwise, you will want to set them up so that the header does not overlap body content or the body extend into the footer.</p>
<p>Assuming you wish to keep the regions separate, if you have a header region with an extent of 20mm, you should define a margin for the body region of at least 20mm too. Otherwise the header content may overwrite some stuff in the body region. This applies similarly to the extent of the after region and the bottom margin of the body region.</p>
-<h2 id="drawing-lines-wzxhzdk206wzxhzdk207">Drawing Lines # <a id="#fo-lines"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="drawing-lines-wzxhzdk206wzxhzdk207">Drawing Lines # <a id="fo-lines"></a></h2>
<p>It is frequently desirable to draw lines in a document, as separators, side bars or folding marks. There are several possibilities:</p>
<ul>
<li>
@@ -630,10 +630,10 @@ Declare and use the parameter "page-coun
<p>Insert a graphic. GIF, PNG SVG, whatever.</p>
</li>
</ul>
-<h2 id="validating-xsl-fo-wzxhzdk208wzxhzdk209">Validating XSL-FO # <a id="#fo-validate"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="validating-xsl-fo-wzxhzdk208wzxhzdk209">Validating XSL-FO # <a id="fo-validate"></a></h2>
<p><a href="http://www.renderx.com">RenderX</a> has provided an <a href="http://www.renderx.com/Tests/validator/fo.dtd.html">Unofficial DTD for FO Documents</a> , which may be helpful in validating general FO issues.</p>
<p>FOP also maintains an <a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/xmlgraphics/fop/trunk/src/foschema/fop.xsd?view=co">Unofficial FOP Schema</a> in the FOP Subversion Repository. This document can be used either to validate against the FO standard, or against the actual FOP implementation. See the notes near the beginning of the document for instructions on how to use it.</p>
-<h2 id="producing-landscape-pages-wzxhzdk210wzxhzdk211">Producing landscape pages # <a id="#landscape"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="producing-landscape-pages-wzxhzdk210wzxhzdk211">Producing landscape pages # <a id="landscape"></a></h2>
<p>Pages in landscape format can easily be produced by exchanging the page-height and page-width values of a simple-page-master element.
<fo:layout-master-set>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name="A4-portrait" page-height="29.7cm" page-width="21cm" [..]>
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ Declare and use the parameter "page-coun
<fo:region-body/>
</fo:simple-page-master>
</fo:layout-master-set></p>
-<h2 id="external-resources-wzxhzdk220wzxhzdk221">External Resources # <a id="#external-resources"></a></h2>
+<h2 id="external-resources-wzxhzdk220wzxhzdk221">External Resources # <a id="external-resources"></a></h2>
<p>Resources needed by an XSL-FO file that are external to it (graphics, for example), are defined in the XSL-FO standard as being of type "uri-specification". This is defined in the standard at<jump href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl11/#datatype">Section 5.11 Property Datatypes</jump>, which includes a link to the URI standard itself. Refer to the XSL-FO and URI standards themselves for more detailed instructions.</p>
<p>URIs may be either absolute or relative to a base URI. (See <a href="1.0/configuration.html">FOP: Configuration</a> for information on setting the base URI for a FOP session). Here is an example referencing an external-graphic that is relative to the base URI:
<fo:external-graphic src="url('images/logo.jpg')"/>
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