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Posted to commits@juneau.apache.org by ja...@apache.org on 2016/08/01 17:30:05 UTC

[16/53] [partial] incubator-juneau git commit: Merge changes from GitHub repo.

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/1b4f98a0/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/BeanProxyInvocationHandler.java
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diff --git a/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/BeanProxyInvocationHandler.java b/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/BeanProxyInvocationHandler.java
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/BeanProxyInvocationHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ ***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.*;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * Provides an {@link InvocationHandler} for creating beans from bean interfaces.
+ * <p>
+ * 	If the {@code useInterfaceProxies} setting is enabled in {@link BeanContext}, this
+ * 	is the class that creates instances of beans from interfaces.
+ *
+ * @author Barry M. Caceres
+ * @param <T> The interface class
+ */
+public class BeanProxyInvocationHandler<T> implements InvocationHandler {
+
+	private final BeanMeta<T> meta;						// The BeanMeta for this instance
+	private Map<String, Object> beanProps;		// The map of property names to bean property values.
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs with the specified {@link BeanMeta}.
+	 *
+	 * @param meta The bean meta data.
+	 */
+	public BeanProxyInvocationHandler(BeanMeta<T> meta) {
+		this.meta = meta;
+		this.beanProps = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Implemented to handle the method called.
+	 */
+	@Override /* InvocationHandler */
+	public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) {
+		Class<?>[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
+		if (method.getName().equals("equals") && (paramTypes.length == 1) && (paramTypes[0] == java.lang.Object.class)) {
+			Object arg = args[0];
+			if (arg == null)
+				return false;
+			if (proxy == arg)
+				return true;
+			if (proxy.getClass() == arg.getClass()) {
+				InvocationHandler ih = Proxy.getInvocationHandler(arg);
+				if (ih instanceof BeanProxyInvocationHandler) {
+					return this.beanProps.equals(((BeanProxyInvocationHandler<?>)ih).beanProps);
+				}
+			}
+			BeanMap<Object> bean = this.meta.ctx.forBean(arg);
+			return this.beanProps.equals(bean);
+		}
+
+		if (method.getName().equals("hashCode") && (paramTypes.length == 0))
+			return Integer.valueOf(this.beanProps.hashCode());
+
+		if (method.getName().equals("toString") && (paramTypes.length == 0))
+			return this.beanProps.toString();
+
+		String prop = this.meta.getterProps.get(method);
+		if (prop != null)
+			return this.beanProps.get(prop);
+
+		prop = this.meta.setterProps.get(method);
+		if (prop != null) {
+			this.beanProps.put(prop, args[0]);
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported bean method.  method=[ " + method + " ]");
+	}
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/1b4f98a0/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/BeanRuntimeException.java
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diff --git a/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/BeanRuntimeException.java b/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/BeanRuntimeException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2df2070
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+++ b/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/BeanRuntimeException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ ***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+
+/**
+ * General bean runtime operation exception.
+ *
+ * @author James Bognar (james.bognar@salesforce.com)
+ */
+public final class BeanRuntimeException extends FormattedRuntimeException {
+
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param message The error message.
+	 */
+	public BeanRuntimeException(String message) {
+		super(message);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Shortcut for calling <code><jk>new</jk> BeanRuntimeException(String.format(c.getName() + <js>": "</js> + message, args));</code>
+	 *
+	 * @param c The class name of the bean that caused the exception.
+	 * @param message The error message.
+	 * @param args Arguments passed in to the {@code String.format()} method.
+	 */
+	public BeanRuntimeException(Class<?> c, String message, Object... args) {
+		super(c.getName() + ": " + message, args);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param cause The initial cause of the exception.
+	 */
+	public BeanRuntimeException(Throwable cause) {
+		super(cause == null ? null : cause.getLocalizedMessage());
+		initCause(cause);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the inner cause for this exception.
+	 *
+	 * @param cause The inner cause.
+	 * @return This object (for method chaining).
+	 */
+	@Override /* Throwable */
+	public synchronized BeanRuntimeException initCause(Throwable cause) {
+		super.initCause(cause);
+		return this;
+	}
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/1b4f98a0/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ClassMeta.java
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diff --git a/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ClassMeta.java b/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ClassMeta.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fee68a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ClassMeta.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1331 @@
+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ ***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+import static org.apache.juneau.ClassMeta.ClassCategory.*;
+import static org.apache.juneau.internal.ClassUtils.*;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.lang.reflect.*;
+import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
+import java.net.*;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.apache.juneau.annotation.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.html.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.internal.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.jena.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.json.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.transform.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.transform.Transform;
+import org.apache.juneau.urlencoding.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.xml.*;
+
+/**
+ * A wrapper class around the {@link Class} object that provides cached information
+ * about that class.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * 	Instances of this class can be created through the {@link BeanContext#getClassMeta(Class)} method.
+ * <p>
+ * 	The {@link BeanContext} class will cache and reuse instances of this class except for the following class types:
+ * <ul>
+ * 	<li>Arrays
+ * 	<li>Maps with non-Object key/values.
+ * 	<li>Collections with non-Object key/values.
+ * </ul>
+ * <p>
+ * 	This class is tied to the {@link BeanContext} class because it's that class that makes the determination
+ * 	of what is a bean.
+ *
+ * @author James Bognar (james.bognar@salesforce.com)
+ * @param <T> The class type of the wrapped class.
+ */
+@Bean(properties={"innerClass","classCategory","elementType","keyType","valueType","notABeanReason","initException","beanMeta"})
+public final class ClassMeta<T> implements Type {
+
+	/** Class categories. */
+	enum ClassCategory {
+		MAP, COLLECTION, CLASS, NUMBER, DECIMAL, BOOLEAN, CHAR, DATE, ARRAY, ENUM, BEAN, UNKNOWN, OTHER, CHARSEQ, STR, OBJ, URI, BEANMAP, READER, INPUTSTREAM
+	}
+
+	final BeanContext beanContext;                      // The bean context that created this object.
+	ClassCategory classCategory = UNKNOWN;            // The class category.
+	final Class<T> innerClass;                        // The class being wrapped.
+	ClassMeta<?>
+		transformedClassMeta,                             // The transformed class type (in class has transform associated with it.
+		elementType = null,                            // If ARRAY or COLLECTION, the element class type.
+		keyType = null,                                // If MAP, the key class type.
+		valueType = null;                              // If MAP, the value class type.
+	InvocationHandler invocationHandler;              // The invocation handler for this class (if it has one).
+	volatile BeanMeta<T> beanMeta;                    // The bean meta for this bean class (if it's a bean).
+	Method fromStringMethod;                          // The static valueOf(String) or fromString(String) method (if it has one).
+	Constructor<? extends T> noArgConstructor;        // The no-arg constructor for this class (if it has one).
+	Constructor<T> stringConstructor;                 // The X(String) constructor (if it has one).
+	Constructor<T> numberConstructor;                 // The X(Number) constructor (if it has one).
+	Class<? extends Number> numberConstructorType;    // The class type of the object in the number constructor.
+	Constructor<T> objectMapConstructor;              // The X(ObjectMap) constructor (if it has one).
+	Method toObjectMapMethod;                         // The toObjectMap() method (if it has one).
+	Method namePropertyMethod;                        // The method to set the name on an object (if it has one).
+	Method parentPropertyMethod;                      // The method to set the parent on an object (if it has one).
+	String notABeanReason;                            // If this isn't a bean, the reason why.
+	PojoTransform<T,?> pojoTransform;                       // The object transform associated with this bean (if it has one).
+	BeanTransform<? extends T> beanTransform;               // The bean transform associated with this bean (if it has one).
+	boolean
+		isDelegate,                                    // True if this class extends Delegate.
+		isAbstract,                                    // True if this class is abstract.
+		isMemberClass;                                 // True if this is a non-static member class.
+
+	private XmlClassMeta xmlMeta;                      // Class-related metadata from the @Xml annotation found on this class or parent class.
+	private JsonClassMeta jsonMeta;                    // Class-related metadata from the @Json annotation found on this class or parent class.
+	private HtmlClassMeta htmlMeta;                    // Class-related metadata from the @Html annotation found on this class or parent class.
+	private UrlEncodingClassMeta urlEncodingMeta;      // Class-related metadata from the @UrlEncoding annotation found on this class or parent class.
+	private RdfClassMeta rdfMeta;                      // Class-related metadata from the @Rdf annotation found on this class or parent class.
+
+	private Throwable initException;                   // Any exceptions thrown in the init() method.
+	private boolean hasChildPojoTransforms;               // True if this class or any subclass of this class has a PojoTransform associated with it.
+	private Object primitiveDefault;                   // Default value for primitive type classes.
+	private Map<String,Method> remoteableMethods,      // Methods annotated with @Remoteable.  Contains all public methods if class is annotated with @Remotable.
+		publicMethods;                                 // All public methods, including static methods.
+
+	private static final Boolean BOOLEAN_DEFAULT = false;
+	private static final Character CHARACTER_DEFAULT = (char)0;
+	private static final Short SHORT_DEFAULT = (short)0;
+	private static final Integer INTEGER_DEFAULT = 0;
+	private static final Long LONG_DEFAULT = 0l;
+	private static final Float FLOAT_DEFAULT = 0f;
+	private static final Double DOUBLE_DEFAULT = 0d;
+	private static final Byte BYTE_DEFAULT = (byte)0;
+
+	/**
+	 * Shortcut for calling <code>ClassMeta(innerClass, beanContext, <jk>false</jk>)</code>.
+	 */
+	ClassMeta(Class<T> innerClass, BeanContext beanContext) {
+		this(innerClass, beanContext, false);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Construct a new {@code ClassMeta} based on the specified {@link Class}.
+	 *
+	 * @param innerClass The class being wrapped.
+	 * @param beanContext The bean context that created this object.
+	 * @param delayedInit Don't call init() in constructor.
+	 * 	Used for delayed initialization when the possibility of class reference loops exist.
+	 */
+	ClassMeta(Class<T> innerClass, BeanContext beanContext, boolean delayedInit) {
+		this.innerClass = innerClass;
+		this.beanContext = beanContext;
+		if (! delayedInit)
+			init();
+	}
+
+
+	@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
+	ClassMeta init() {
+
+		try {
+			Transform transform = findTransform(beanContext);
+			if (transform != null) {
+				if (transform.getType() == Transform.TransformType.BEAN)
+					beanTransform = (BeanTransform)transform;
+				else
+					pojoTransform = (PojoTransform)transform;
+				transformedClassMeta = (pojoTransform == null ? this : beanContext.getClassMeta(pojoTransform.getTransformedClass()));
+			}
+			if (transformedClassMeta == null)
+				transformedClassMeta = this;
+
+			if (innerClass != Object.class) {
+				this.noArgConstructor = beanContext.getImplClassConstructor(innerClass, Visibility.PUBLIC);
+				if (noArgConstructor == null)
+					noArgConstructor = findNoArgConstructor(innerClass, Visibility.PUBLIC);
+			}
+
+			this.hasChildPojoTransforms = beanContext.hasChildPojoTransforms(innerClass);
+
+			this.xmlMeta = new XmlClassMeta(innerClass);
+			this.jsonMeta = new JsonClassMeta(innerClass);
+			this.htmlMeta = new HtmlClassMeta(innerClass);
+			this.urlEncodingMeta = new UrlEncodingClassMeta(innerClass);
+			this.rdfMeta = new RdfClassMeta(innerClass);
+
+			Class c = innerClass;
+
+			if (c.isPrimitive()) {
+				if (c == Boolean.TYPE)
+					classCategory = BOOLEAN;
+				else if (c == Byte.TYPE || c == Short.TYPE || c == Integer.TYPE || c == Long.TYPE || c == Float.TYPE || c == Double.TYPE) {
+					if (c == Float.TYPE || c == Double.TYPE)
+						classCategory = DECIMAL;
+					else
+						classCategory = NUMBER;
+				}
+				else if (c == Character.TYPE)
+					classCategory = CHAR;
+			} else {
+				if (isParentClass(Delegate.class, c))
+					isDelegate = true;
+				if (c == Object.class)
+					classCategory = OBJ;
+				else if (c.isEnum())
+					classCategory = ENUM;
+				else if (c.equals(Class.class))
+					classCategory = CLASS;
+				else if (isParentClass(CharSequence.class, c)) {
+					if (c.equals(String.class))
+						classCategory = STR;
+					else
+						classCategory = CHARSEQ;
+				}
+				else if (isParentClass(Number.class, c)) {
+					if (isParentClass(Float.class, c) || isParentClass(Double.class, c))
+						classCategory = DECIMAL;
+					else
+						classCategory = NUMBER;
+				}
+				else if (isParentClass(Collection.class, c))
+					classCategory = COLLECTION;
+				else if (isParentClass(Map.class, c)) {
+					if (isParentClass(BeanMap.class, c))
+						classCategory = BEANMAP;
+					else
+						classCategory = MAP;
+				}
+				else if (c == Character.class)
+					classCategory = CHAR;
+				else if (c == Boolean.class)
+					classCategory = BOOLEAN;
+				else if (isParentClass(Date.class, c) || isParentClass(Calendar.class, c))
+					classCategory = DATE;
+				else if (c.isArray())
+					classCategory = ARRAY;
+				else if (isParentClass(URL.class, c) || isParentClass(URI.class, c) || c.isAnnotationPresent(org.apache.juneau.annotation.URI.class))
+					classCategory = URI;
+				else if (isParentClass(Reader.class, c))
+					classCategory = READER;
+				else if (isParentClass(InputStream.class, c))
+					classCategory = INPUTSTREAM;
+			}
+
+			isMemberClass = c.isMemberClass() && ! isStatic(c);
+
+			// Find static fromString(String) or equivalent method.
+			// fromString() must be checked before valueOf() so that Enum classes can create their own
+			//		specialized fromString() methods to override the behavior of Enum.valueOf(String).
+			// valueOf() is used by enums.
+			// parse() is used by the java logging Level class.
+			// forName() is used by Class and Charset
+			for (String methodName : new String[]{"fromString","valueOf","parse","parseString","forName"}) {
+				if (this.fromStringMethod == null) {
+					for (Method m : c.getMethods()) {
+						if (isStatic(m) && isPublic(m) && isNotDeprecated(m)) {
+							String mName = m.getName();
+							if (mName.equals(methodName) && m.getReturnType() == innerClass) {
+								Class<?>[] args = m.getParameterTypes();
+								if (args.length == 1 && args[0] == String.class) {
+									this.fromStringMethod = m;
+									break;
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Find toObjectMap() method if present.
+			for (Method m : c.getMethods()) {
+				if (isPublic(m) && isNotDeprecated(m) && ! isStatic(m)) {
+					String mName = m.getName();
+					if (mName.equals("toObjectMap")) {
+						if (m.getParameterTypes().length == 0 && m.getReturnType() == ObjectMap.class) {
+							this.toObjectMapMethod = m;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Find @NameProperty and @ParentProperty methods if present.
+			for (Method m : c.getDeclaredMethods()) {
+				if (m.isAnnotationPresent(ParentProperty.class) && m.getParameterTypes().length == 1) {
+					m.setAccessible(true);
+					parentPropertyMethod = m;
+				}
+				if (m.isAnnotationPresent(NameProperty.class) && m.getParameterTypes().length == 1) {
+					m.setAccessible(true);
+					namePropertyMethod = m;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Find constructor(String) method if present.
+			for (Constructor cs : c.getConstructors()) {
+				if (isPublic(cs) && isNotDeprecated(cs)) {
+					Class<?>[] args = cs.getParameterTypes();
+					if (args.length == (isMemberClass ? 2 : 1)) {
+						Class<?> arg = args[(isMemberClass ? 1 : 0)];
+						if (arg == String.class)
+							this.stringConstructor = cs;
+						else if (ObjectMap.class.isAssignableFrom(arg))
+							this.objectMapConstructor = cs;
+						else if (classCategory != NUMBER && (Number.class.isAssignableFrom(arg) || (arg.isPrimitive() && (arg == int.class || arg == short.class || arg == long.class || arg == float.class || arg == double.class)))) {
+							this.numberConstructor = cs;
+							this.numberConstructorType = (Class<? extends Number>)ClassUtils.getWrapperIfPrimitive(arg);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Note:  Primitive types are normally abstract.
+			isAbstract = Modifier.isAbstract(c.getModifiers()) && ! isPrimitive();
+
+			// If this is an array, get the element type.
+			if (classCategory == ARRAY)
+				elementType = beanContext.getClassMeta(innerClass.getComponentType());
+
+			// If this is a MAP, see if it's parameterized (e.g. AddressBook extends HashMap<String,Person>)
+			else if (classCategory == MAP) {
+				ClassMeta[] parameters = beanContext.findParameters(innerClass, innerClass);
+				if (parameters != null && parameters.length == 2) {
+					keyType = parameters[0];
+					valueType = parameters[1];
+				} else {
+					keyType = beanContext.getClassMeta(Object.class);
+					valueType = beanContext.getClassMeta(Object.class);
+				}
+			}
+
+			// If this is a COLLECTION, see if it's parameterized (e.g. AddressBook extends LinkedList<Person>)
+			else if (classCategory == COLLECTION) {
+				ClassMeta[] parameters = beanContext.findParameters(innerClass, innerClass);
+				if (parameters != null && parameters.length == 1) {
+					elementType = parameters[0];
+				} else {
+					elementType = beanContext.getClassMeta(Object.class);
+				}
+			}
+
+			// If the category is unknown, see if it's a bean.
+			// Note that this needs to be done after all other initialization has been done.
+			else if (classCategory == UNKNOWN) {
+
+				BeanMeta newMeta = new BeanMeta(this, beanContext, beanTransform);
+				try {
+					notABeanReason = newMeta.init();
+				} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+					notABeanReason = e.getMessage();
+					throw e;
+				}
+				if (notABeanReason != null)
+					classCategory = OTHER;
+				else {
+					beanMeta = newMeta;
+					classCategory = BEAN;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (c.isPrimitive()) {
+				if (c == Boolean.TYPE)
+					primitiveDefault = BOOLEAN_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Character.TYPE)
+					primitiveDefault = CHARACTER_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Short.TYPE)
+					primitiveDefault = SHORT_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Integer.TYPE)
+					primitiveDefault = INTEGER_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Long.TYPE)
+					primitiveDefault = LONG_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Float.TYPE)
+					primitiveDefault = FLOAT_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Double.TYPE)
+					primitiveDefault = DOUBLE_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Byte.TYPE)
+					primitiveDefault = BYTE_DEFAULT;
+			} else {
+				if (c == Boolean.class)
+					primitiveDefault = BOOLEAN_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Character.class)
+					primitiveDefault = CHARACTER_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Short.class)
+					primitiveDefault = SHORT_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Integer.class)
+					primitiveDefault = INTEGER_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Long.class)
+					primitiveDefault = LONG_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Float.class)
+					primitiveDefault = FLOAT_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Double.class)
+					primitiveDefault = DOUBLE_DEFAULT;
+				else if (c == Byte.class)
+					primitiveDefault = BYTE_DEFAULT;
+			}
+		} catch (NoClassDefFoundError e) {
+			this.initException = e;
+		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+			this.initException = e;
+			throw e;
+		}
+
+		if (innerClass.getAnnotation(Remoteable.class) != null) {
+			remoteableMethods = getPublicMethods();
+		} else {
+			for (Method m : innerClass.getMethods()) {
+				if (m.getAnnotation(Remoteable.class) != null) {
+					if (remoteableMethods == null)
+						remoteableMethods = new LinkedHashMap<String,Method>();
+					remoteableMethods.put(ClassUtils.getMethodSignature(m), m);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (remoteableMethods != null)
+			remoteableMethods = Collections.unmodifiableMap(remoteableMethods);
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the category of this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return The category of this class.
+	 */
+	public ClassCategory getClassCategory() {
+		return classCategory;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a superclass of or the same as the specified class.
+	 *
+	 * @param c The comparison class.
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a superclass of or the same as the specified class.
+	 */
+	public boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> c) {
+		return isParentClass(innerClass, c);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class as subtypes defined through {@link Bean#subTypes} or {@link BeanTransform#getSubTypes()}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class has subtypes.
+	 */
+	public boolean hasSubTypes() {
+		return beanTransform != null && beanTransform.getSubTypeProperty() != null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of or the same as the specified class.
+	 *
+	 * @param c The comparison class.
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of or the same as the specified class.
+	 */
+	public boolean isInstanceOf(Class<?> c) {
+		return isParentClass(c, innerClass);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class or any child classes has a {@link PojoTransform} associated with it.
+	 * <p>
+	 * Used when transforming bean properties to prevent having to look up transforms if we know for certain
+	 * that no transforms are associated with a bean property.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class or any child classes has a {@link PojoTransform} associated with it.
+	 */
+	public boolean hasChildPojoTransforms() {
+		return hasChildPojoTransforms;
+	}
+
+	private Transform findTransform(BeanContext context) {
+		try {
+			org.apache.juneau.annotation.Transform b = innerClass.getAnnotation(org.apache.juneau.annotation.Transform.class);
+			if (b != null) {
+				Class<? extends Transform> c = b.value();
+				if (c != Transform.NULL.class) {
+					Transform f = c.newInstance();
+					f.setBeanContext(context);
+					return f;
+				}
+			}
+			if (context == null)
+				return null;
+			Transform f = context.findBeanTransform(innerClass);
+			if (f != null)
+				return f;
+			f = context.findPojoTransform(innerClass);
+			if (f != null)
+				return f;
+			List<Bean> ba = ReflectionUtils.findAnnotations(Bean.class, innerClass);
+			if (! ba.isEmpty())
+				f = new AnnotationBeanTransform<T>(innerClass, ba);
+			return f;
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new RuntimeException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Locates the no-arg constructor for the specified class.
+	 * Constructor must match the visibility requirements specified by parameter 'v'.
+	 * If class is abstract, always returns <jk>null</jk>.
+	 * Note that this also returns the 1-arg constructor for non-static member classes.
+	 *
+	 * @param c The class from which to locate the no-arg constructor.
+	 * @param v The minimum visibility.
+	 * @return The constructor, or <jk>null</jk> if no no-arg constructor exists with the required visibility.
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
+	protected static <T> Constructor<? extends T> findNoArgConstructor(Class<T> c, Visibility v) {
+		int mod = c.getModifiers();
+		if (Modifier.isAbstract(mod))
+			return null;
+		boolean isMemberClass = c.isMemberClass() && ! isStatic(c);
+		for (Constructor cc : c.getConstructors()) {
+			mod = cc.getModifiers();
+			if (cc.getParameterTypes().length == (isMemberClass ? 1 : 0) && v.isVisible(mod) && isNotDeprecated(cc))
+				return v.transform(cc);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Set element type on non-cached <code>Collection</code> types.
+	 *
+	 * @param elementType The class type for elements in the collection class represented by this metadata.
+	 * @return This object (for method chaining).
+	 */
+	protected ClassMeta<T> setElementType(ClassMeta<?> elementType) {
+		this.elementType = elementType;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Set key type on non-cached <code>Map</code> types.
+	 *
+	 * @param keyType The class type for keys in the map class represented by this metadata.
+	 * @return This object (for method chaining).
+	 */
+	protected ClassMeta<T> setKeyType(ClassMeta<?> keyType) {
+		this.keyType = keyType;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Set value type on non-cached <code>Map</code> types.
+	 *
+	 * @param valueType The class type for values in the map class represented by this metadata.
+	 * @return This object (for method chaining).
+	 */
+	protected ClassMeta<T> setValueType(ClassMeta<?> valueType) {
+		this.valueType = valueType;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the {@link Class} object that this class type wraps.
+	 *
+	 * @return The wrapped class object.
+	 */
+	public Class<T> getInnerClass() {
+		return innerClass;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the generalized form of this class if there is an {@link PojoTransform} associated with it.
+	 *
+	 * @return The transformed class type, or this object if no transform is associated with the class.
+	 */
+	@BeanIgnore
+	public ClassMeta<?> getTransformedClassMeta() {
+		return transformedClassMeta;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * For array and {@code Collection} types, returns the class type of the components of the array or {@code Collection}.
+	 *
+	 * @return The element class type, or <jk>null</jk> if this class is not an array or Collection.
+	 */
+	public ClassMeta<?> getElementType() {
+		return elementType;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * For {@code Map} types, returns the class type of the keys of the {@code Map}.
+	 *
+	 * @return The key class type, or <jk>null</jk> if this class is not a Map.
+	 */
+	public ClassMeta<?> getKeyType() {
+		return keyType;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * For {@code Map} types, returns the class type of the values of the {@code Map}.
+	 *
+	 * @return The value class type, or <jk>null</jk> if this class is not a Map.
+	 */
+	public ClassMeta<?> getValueType() {
+		return valueType;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class implements {@link Delegate}, meaning
+	 * 	it's a representation of some other object.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class implements {@link Delegate}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isDelegate() {
+		return isDelegate;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link Map}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link Map}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isMap() {
+		return classCategory == MAP || classCategory == BEANMAP;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link BeanMap}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link BeanMap}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isBeanMap() {
+		return classCategory == BEANMAP;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link Collection}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link Collection}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isCollection() {
+		return classCategory == COLLECTION;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is {@link Class}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is {@link Class}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isClass() {
+		return classCategory == CLASS;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is an {@link Enum}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is an {@link Enum}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isEnum() {
+		return classCategory == ENUM;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is an array.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is an array.
+	 */
+	public boolean isArray() {
+		return classCategory == ARRAY;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a bean.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a bean.
+	 */
+	public boolean isBean() {
+		return classCategory == BEAN;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is {@link Object}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is {@link Object}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isObject() {
+		return classCategory == OBJ;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is not {@link Object}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is not {@link Object}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isNotObject() {
+		return classCategory != OBJ;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link Number}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link Number}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isNumber() {
+		return classCategory == NUMBER || classCategory == DECIMAL;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link Float} or {@link Double}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link Float} or {@link Double}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isDecimal() {
+		return classCategory == DECIMAL;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link Boolean}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link Boolean}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isBoolean() {
+		return classCategory == BOOLEAN;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link CharSequence}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a subclass of {@link CharSequence}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isCharSequence() {
+		return classCategory == STR || classCategory == CHARSEQ;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link String}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link String}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isString() {
+		return classCategory == STR;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link Character}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link Character}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isChar() {
+		return classCategory == CHAR;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a primitive.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a primitive.
+	 */
+	public boolean isPrimitive() {
+		return innerClass.isPrimitive();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link Date} or {@link Calendar}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link Date} or {@link Calendar}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isDate() {
+		return classCategory == DATE;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link URI} or {@link URL}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link URI} or {@link URL}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isUri() {
+		return classCategory == URI;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link Reader}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is a {@link Reader}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isReader() {
+		return classCategory == READER;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is an {@link InputStream}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is an {@link InputStream}.
+	 */
+	public boolean isInputStream() {
+		return classCategory == INPUTSTREAM;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if instance of this object can be <jk>null</jk>.
+	 * <p>
+	 * 	Objects can be <jk>null</jk>, but primitives cannot, except for chars which can be represented
+	 * 	by <code>(<jk>char</jk>)0</code>.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if instance of this class can be null.
+	 */
+	public boolean isNullable() {
+		if (innerClass.isPrimitive())
+			return classCategory == CHAR;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class or one of it's methods are annotated with {@link Remoteable @Remotable}.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is remoteable.
+	 */
+	public boolean isRemoteable() {
+		return remoteableMethods != null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * All methods on this class annotated with {@link Remoteable @Remotable}, or all public methods if class is annotated.
+	 * Keys are method signatures (see {@link ClassUtils#getMethodSignature(Method)})
+	 *
+	 * @return All remoteable methods on this class.
+	 */
+	public Map<String,Method> getRemoteableMethods() {
+		return remoteableMethods;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * All public methods on this class including static methods.
+	 * Keys are method signatures (see {@link ClassUtils#getMethodSignature(Method)}).
+	 *
+	 * @return The public methods on this class.
+	 */
+	public Map<String,Method> getPublicMethods() {
+		if (publicMethods == null) {
+			synchronized(this) {
+				Map<String,Method> map = new LinkedHashMap<String,Method>();
+				for (Method m : innerClass.getMethods())
+					if (isPublic(m) && isNotDeprecated(m))
+						map.put(ClassUtils.getMethodSignature(m), m);
+				publicMethods = Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
+			}
+		}
+		return publicMethods;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the {@link PojoTransform} associated with this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return The {@link PojoTransform} associated with this class, or <jk>null</jk> if there is no POJO transform
+	 * 	associated with this class.
+	 */
+	public PojoTransform<T,?> getPojoTransform() {
+		return pojoTransform;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the {@link BeanMeta} associated with this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return The {@link BeanMeta} associated with this class, or <jk>null</jk> if there is no bean meta
+	 * 	associated with this class.
+	 */
+	public BeanMeta<T> getBeanMeta() {
+		return beanMeta;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the no-arg constructor for this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return The no-arg constructor for this class, or <jk>null</jk> if it does not exist.
+	 */
+	public Constructor<? extends T> getConstructor() {
+		return noArgConstructor;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the <ja>@Xml</ja> annotation defined on this class, superclass, or interface of this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return XML metadata on this class.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
+	 */
+	public XmlClassMeta getXmlMeta() {
+		return xmlMeta;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns metadata from the <ja>@Json</ja> annotation defined on this class, superclass, or interface of this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return JSON metadata on this class.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
+	 */
+	public JsonClassMeta getJsonMeta() {
+		return jsonMeta;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns metadata from the <ja>@Html</ja> annotation defined on this class, superclass, or interface of this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return HTML metadata on this class.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
+	 */
+	public HtmlClassMeta getHtmlMeta() {
+		return htmlMeta;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns metadata from the <ja>@UrlEncoding</ja> annotation defined on this class, superclass, or interface of this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return URL-Encoding metadata on this class.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
+	 */
+	public UrlEncodingClassMeta getUrlEncodingMeta() {
+		return urlEncodingMeta;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns metadata from the <ja>@Rdf</ja> annotation defined on this class, superclass, or interface of this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return RDF metadata on this class.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
+	 */
+	public RdfClassMeta getRdfMeta() {
+		return rdfMeta;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the interface proxy invocation handler for this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return The interface proxy invocation handler, or <jk>null</jk> if it does not exist.
+	 */
+	public InvocationHandler getProxyInvocationHandler() {
+		if (invocationHandler == null && beanMeta != null && beanContext.useInterfaceProxies && innerClass.isInterface())
+			invocationHandler = new BeanProxyInvocationHandler<T>(beanMeta);
+		return invocationHandler;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class has a no-arg constructor or invocation handler.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if a new instance of this class can be constructed.
+	 */
+	public boolean canCreateNewInstance() {
+		if (isMemberClass)
+			return false;
+		if (noArgConstructor != null)
+			return true;
+		if (getProxyInvocationHandler() != null)
+			return true;
+		if (isArray() && elementType.canCreateNewInstance())
+			return true;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class has a no-arg constructor or invocation handler.
+	 * Returns <jk>false</jk> if this is a non-static member class and the outer object does not match
+	 * 	the class type of the defining class.
+	 *
+	 * @param outer The outer class object for non-static member classes.  Can be <jk>null</jk> for non-member or static classes.
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if a new instance of this class can be created within the context of the specified outer object.
+	 */
+	public boolean canCreateNewInstance(Object outer) {
+		if (isMemberClass)
+			return outer != null && noArgConstructor != null && noArgConstructor.getParameterTypes()[0] == outer.getClass();
+		return canCreateNewInstance();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class can be instantiated as a bean.
+	 * Returns <jk>false</jk> if this is a non-static member class and the outer object does not match
+	 * 	the class type of the defining class.
+	 *
+	 * @param outer The outer class object for non-static member classes.  Can be <jk>null</jk> for non-member or static classes.
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if a new instance of this bean can be created within the context of the specified outer object.
+	 */
+	public boolean canCreateNewBean(Object outer) {
+		if (beanMeta == null)
+			return false;
+		// Beans with transforms with subtype properties are assumed to be constructable.
+		if (beanTransform != null && beanTransform.getSubTypeProperty() != null)
+			return true;
+		if (beanMeta.constructor == null)
+			return false;
+		if (isMemberClass)
+			return outer != null && beanMeta.constructor.getParameterTypes()[0] == outer.getClass();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class can call the {@link #newInstanceFromString(Object, String)} method.
+	 *
+	 * @param outer The outer class object for non-static member classes.  Can be <jk>null</jk> for non-member or static classes.
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class has a no-arg constructor or invocation handler.
+	 */
+	public boolean canCreateNewInstanceFromString(Object outer) {
+		if (fromStringMethod != null)
+			return true;
+		if (stringConstructor != null) {
+			if (isMemberClass)
+				return outer != null && stringConstructor.getParameterTypes()[0] == outer.getClass();
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class can call the {@link #newInstanceFromString(Object, String)} method.
+	 *
+	 * @param outer The outer class object for non-static member classes.  Can be <jk>null</jk> for non-member or static classes.
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class has a no-arg constructor or invocation handler.
+	 */
+	public boolean canCreateNewInstanceFromNumber(Object outer) {
+		if (numberConstructor != null) {
+			if (isMemberClass)
+				return outer != null && numberConstructor.getParameterTypes()[0] == outer.getClass();
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the class type of the parameter of the numeric constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @return The class type of the numeric constructor, or <jk>null</jk> if no such constructor exists.
+	 */
+	public Class<? extends Number> getNewInstanceFromNumberClass() {
+		return numberConstructorType;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class can call the {@link #newInstanceFromString(Object, String)} method.
+	 *
+	 * @param outer The outer class object for non-static member classes.  Can be <jk>null</jk> for non-member or static classes.
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class has a no-arg constructor or invocation handler.
+	 */
+	public boolean canCreateNewInstanceFromObjectMap(Object outer) {
+		if (objectMapConstructor != null) {
+			if (isMemberClass)
+				return outer != null && objectMapConstructor.getParameterTypes()[0] == outer.getClass();
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class has an <code>ObjectMap toObjectMap()</code> method.
+	 *
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if class has a <code>toObjectMap()</code> method.
+	 */
+	public boolean hasToObjectMapMethod() {
+		return toObjectMapMethod != null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the method annotated with {@link NameProperty @NameProperty}.
+	 *
+	 * @return The method annotated with {@link NameProperty @NameProperty} or <jk>null</jk> if method does not exist.
+	 */
+	public Method getNameProperty() {
+		return namePropertyMethod;
+ 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the method annotated with {@link ParentProperty @ParentProperty}.
+	 *
+	 * @return The method annotated with {@link ParentProperty @ParentProperty} or <jk>null</jk> if method does not exist.
+	 */
+	public Method getParentProperty() {
+		return parentPropertyMethod;
+ 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts an instance of this class to an {@link ObjectMap}.
+	 *
+	 * @param t The object to convert to a map.
+	 * @return The converted object, or <jk>null</jk> if method does not have a <code>toObjectMap()</code> method.
+	 * @throws BeanRuntimeException Thrown by <code>toObjectMap()</code> method invocation.
+	 */
+	public ObjectMap toObjectMap(Object t) throws BeanRuntimeException {
+		try {
+			if (toObjectMapMethod != null)
+				return (ObjectMap)toObjectMapMethod.invoke(t);
+			return null;
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new BeanRuntimeException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the reason why this class is not a bean, or <jk>null</jk> if it is a bean.
+	 *
+	 * @return The reason why this class is not a bean, or <jk>null</jk> if it is a bean.
+	 */
+	public synchronized String getNotABeanReason() {
+		return notABeanReason;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this class is abstract.
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if this class is abstract.
+	 */
+	public boolean isAbstract() {
+		return isAbstract;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns any exception that was throw in the <code>init()</code> method.
+	 *
+	 * @return The cached exception.
+	 */
+	public Throwable getInitException() {
+		return initException;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the {@link BeanContext} that created this object.
+	 *
+	 * @return The bean context.
+	 */
+	public BeanContext getBeanContext() {
+		return beanContext;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the default value for primitives such as <jk>int</jk> or <jk>Integer</jk>.
+	 *
+	 * @return The default value, or <jk>null</jk> if this class type is not a primitive.
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	public T getPrimitiveDefault() {
+		return (T)primitiveDefault;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new instance of the main class of this declared type from a <code>String</code> input.
+	 * <p>
+	 * In order to use this method, the class must have one of the following methods:
+	 * <ul>
+	 * 	<li><code><jk>public static</jk> T valueOf(String in);</code>
+	 * 	<li><code><jk>public static</jk> T fromString(String in);</code>
+	 * 	<li><code><jk>public</jk> T(String in);</code>
+	 * </ul>
+	 *
+	 * @param outer The outer class object for non-static member classes.  Can be <jk>null</jk> for non-member or static classes.
+	 * @param arg The input argument value.
+	 * @return A new instance of the object, or <jk>null</jk> if there is no string constructor on the object.
+	 * @throws IllegalAccessException If the <code>Constructor</code> object enforces Java language access control and the underlying constructor is inaccessible.
+	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the parameter type on the method was invalid.
+	 * @throws InstantiationException If the class that declares the underlying constructor represents an abstract class, or
+	 * 	does not have one of the methods described above.
+	 * @throws InvocationTargetException If the underlying constructor throws an exception.
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	public T newInstanceFromString(Object outer, String arg) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
+		Method m = fromStringMethod;
+		if (m != null)
+			return (T)m.invoke(null, arg);
+		Constructor<T> c = stringConstructor;
+		if (c != null) {
+			if (isMemberClass)
+				return c.newInstance(outer, arg);
+			return c.newInstance(arg);
+		}
+		throw new InstantiationError("No string constructor or valueOf(String) method found for class '"+getInnerClass().getName()+"'");
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new instance of the main class of this declared type from a <code>Number</code> input.
+	 * <p>
+	 * In order to use this method, the class must have one of the following methods:
+	 * <ul>
+	 * 	<li><code><jk>public</jk> T(Number in);</code>
+	 * </ul>
+	 *
+	 * @param outer The outer class object for non-static member classes.  Can be <jk>null</jk> for non-member or static classes.
+	 * @param arg The input argument value.
+	 * @return A new instance of the object, or <jk>null</jk> if there is no numeric constructor on the object.
+	 * @throws IllegalAccessException If the <code>Constructor</code> object enforces Java language access control and the underlying constructor is inaccessible.
+	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the parameter type on the method was invalid.
+	 * @throws InstantiationException If the class that declares the underlying constructor represents an abstract class, or
+	 * 	does not have one of the methods described above.
+	 * @throws InvocationTargetException If the underlying constructor throws an exception.
+	 */
+	public T newInstanceFromNumber(Object outer, Number arg) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
+		Constructor<T> c = numberConstructor;
+		if (c != null) {
+			Object arg2 = beanContext.convertToType(arg, numberConstructor.getParameterTypes()[0]);
+			if (isMemberClass)
+				return c.newInstance(outer, arg2);
+			return c.newInstance(arg2);
+		}
+		throw new InstantiationError("No string constructor or valueOf(Number) method found for class '"+getInnerClass().getName()+"'");
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new instance of the main class of this declared type from an <code>ObjectMap</code> input.
+	 * <p>
+	 * In order to use this method, the class must have one of the following methods:
+	 * <ul>
+	 * 	<li><code><jk>public</jk> T(ObjectMap in);</code>
+	 * </ul>
+	 *
+	 * @param outer The outer class object for non-static member classes.  Can be <jk>null</jk> for non-member or static classes.
+	 * @param arg The input argument value.
+	 * @return A new instance of the object.
+	 * @throws IllegalAccessException If the <code>Constructor</code> object enforces Java language access control and the underlying constructor is inaccessible.
+	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the parameter type on the method was invalid.
+	 * @throws InstantiationException If the class that declares the underlying constructor represents an abstract class, or
+	 * 	does not have one of the methods described above.
+	 * @throws InvocationTargetException If the underlying constructor throws an exception.
+	 */
+	public T newInstanceFromObjectMap(Object outer, ObjectMap arg) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
+		Constructor<T> c = objectMapConstructor;
+		if (c != null) {
+			if (isMemberClass)
+				return c.newInstance(outer, arg);
+			return c.newInstance(arg);
+		}
+		throw new InstantiationError("No map constructor method found for class '"+getInnerClass().getName()+"'");
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new instance of the main class of this declared type.
+	 *
+	 * @return A new instance of the object, or <jk>null</jk> if there is no no-arg constructor on the object.
+	 * @throws IllegalAccessException If the <code>Constructor</code> object enforces Java language access control and the underlying constructor is inaccessible.
+	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If one of the following occurs:
+	 * 	<ul class='spaced-list'>
+	 * 		<li>The number of actual and formal parameters differ.
+	 * 		<li>An unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails.
+	 * 		<li>A parameter value cannot be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a method invocation conversion.
+	 * 		<li>The constructor pertains to an enum type.
+	 * 	</ul>
+	 * @throws InstantiationException If the class that declares the underlying constructor represents an abstract class.
+	 * @throws InvocationTargetException If the underlying constructor throws an exception.
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	public T newInstance() throws IllegalArgumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
+		if (isArray())
+			return (T)Array.newInstance(getInnerClass().getComponentType(), 0);
+		Constructor<? extends T> c = getConstructor();
+		if (c != null)
+			return c.newInstance((Object[])null);
+		InvocationHandler h = getProxyInvocationHandler();
+		if (h != null)
+			return (T)Proxy.newProxyInstance(this.getClass().getClassLoader(), new Class[] { getInnerClass(), java.io.Serializable.class }, h);
+		if (isArray())
+			return (T)Array.newInstance(this.elementType.innerClass,0);
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Same as {@link #newInstance()} except for instantiating non-static member classes.
+	 *
+	 * @param outer The instance of the owning object of the member class instance.  Can be <jk>null</jk> if instantiating a non-member or static class.
+	 * @return A new instance of the object, or <jk>null</jk> if there is no no-arg constructor on the object.
+	 * @throws IllegalAccessException If the <code>Constructor</code> object enforces Java language access control and the underlying constructor is inaccessible.
+	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If one of the following occurs:
+	 * 	<ul class='spaced-list'>
+	 * 		<li>The number of actual and formal parameters differ.
+	 * 		<li>An unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails.
+	 * 		<li>A parameter value cannot be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a method invocation conversion.
+	 * 		<li>The constructor pertains to an enum type.
+	 * 	</ul>
+	 * @throws InstantiationException If the class that declares the underlying constructor represents an abstract class.
+	 * @throws InvocationTargetException If the underlying constructor throws an exception.
+	 */
+	public T newInstance(Object outer) throws IllegalArgumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
+		if (isMemberClass)
+			return noArgConstructor.newInstance(outer);
+		return newInstance();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks to see if the specified class type is the same as this one.
+	 *
+	 * @param t The specified class type.
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if the specified class type is the same as the class for this type.
+	 */
+	@Override /* Object */
+	public boolean equals(Object t) {
+		if (t == null || ! (t instanceof ClassMeta))
+			return false;
+		ClassMeta<?> t2 = (ClassMeta<?>)t;
+		return t2.getInnerClass() == this.getInnerClass();
+	}
+
+	@Override /* Object */
+	public String toString() {
+		return toString(false);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Same as {@link #toString()} except use simple class names.
+	 *
+	 * @param simple Print simple class names only (no package).
+	 * @return A new string.
+	 */
+	public String toString(boolean simple) {
+		return toString(new StringBuilder(), simple).toString();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Appends this object as a readable string to the specified string builder.
+	 *
+	 * @param sb The string builder to append this object to.
+	 * @param simple Print simple class names only (no package).
+	 * @return The same string builder passed in (for method chaining).
+	 */
+	protected StringBuilder toString(StringBuilder sb, boolean simple) {
+		String name = innerClass.getName();
+		if (simple) {
+			int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
+			name = name.substring(i == -1 ? 0 : i+1).replace('$', '.');
+		}
+		switch(classCategory) {
+			case ARRAY:
+				return elementType.toString(sb, simple).append('[').append(']');
+			case MAP:
+				return sb.append(name).append(keyType.isObject() && valueType.isObject() ? "" : "<"+keyType.toString(simple)+","+valueType.toString(simple)+">");
+			case BEANMAP:
+				return sb.append(BeanMap.class.getName()).append('<').append(name).append('>');
+			case COLLECTION:
+				return sb.append(name).append(elementType.isObject() ? "" : "<"+elementType.toString(simple)+">");
+			case OTHER:
+				if (simple)
+					return sb.append(name);
+				sb.append("OTHER-").append(name).append(",notABeanReason=").append(notABeanReason);
+				if (initException != null)
+					sb.append(",initException=").append(initException);
+				return sb;
+			default:
+				return sb.append(name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns <jk>true</jk> if the specified object is an instance of this class.
+	 * This is a simple comparison on the base class itself and not on
+	 * any generic parameters.
+	 *
+	 * @param o The object to check.
+	 * @return <jk>true</jk> if the specified object is an instance of this class.
+	 */
+	public boolean isInstance(Object o) {
+		if (o != null)
+			return ClassUtils.isParentClass(this.innerClass, o.getClass());
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a readable name for this class (e.g. <js>"java.lang.String"</js>, <js>"boolean[]"</js>).
+	 *
+	 * @return The readable name for this class.
+	 */
+	public String getReadableName() {
+		return ClassUtils.getReadableClassName(this.innerClass);
+	}
+
+	@Override /* Object */
+	public int hashCode() {
+		return super.hashCode();
+	}
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/1b4f98a0/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ConfigException.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ConfigException.java b/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ConfigException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a63e317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ConfigException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ ***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+class ConfigException extends FormattedRuntimeException {
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+	public ConfigException(String message, Object...args) {
+		super(message, args);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public ConfigException initCause(Throwable t) {
+		super.initCause(t);
+		return this;
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/1b4f98a0/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Context.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Context.java b/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Context.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..828a1f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.apache.juneau/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Context.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ ***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+/**
+ * A reusable stateless thread-safe read-only configuration, typically used for creating one-time use {@link Session} objects.
+ * <p>
+ * 	Contexts are created through the {@link ContextFactory#getContext(Class)} method.
+ * <p>
+ * 	Subclasses MUST implement a constructor method that takes in a {@link ContextFactory} parameter.
+ * 	Besides that restriction, a context object can do anything you desire.  However, it MUST
+ * 		be thread-safe and all fields should be declared final to prevent modification.
+ * 	It should NOT be used for storing temporary or state information.
+ *
+ * @see ContextFactory
+ * @author James Bognar (james.bognar@salesforce.com)
+ */
+public abstract class Context {
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructor for this class.
+	 * <p>
+	 * Subclasses MUST implement the same constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param configFactory The factory that created this config.
+	 */
+	public Context(ContextFactory configFactory) {}
+}