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Posted to commits@milagro.apache.org by br...@apache.org on 2019/01/15 15:19:54 UTC

[49/51] [partial] incubator-milagro-crypto git commit: update code

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-milagro-crypto/blob/1add7560/version22/c/amcl.h
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diff --git a/version22/c/amcl.h b/version22/c/amcl.h
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--- a/version22/c/amcl.h
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-/*
-	Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-	or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-	distributed with this work for additional information
-	regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-	to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-	"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-	with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-	Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-	software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-	"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-	KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-	specific language governing permissions and limitations
-	under the License.
-*/
-
-/* AMCL header file */
-/* Designed for AES-128/192/256 security, 254-521 bit elliptic curves and BN curves for pairings */
-/* Each "limb" of a big number occupies at most (n-3) bits of an n-bit computer word. The most significant word must have at least 4 extra unused bits */
-
-/**
- * @file amcl.h
- * @author Mike Scott and Kealan McCusker
- * @date 19th May 2015
- * @brief Main Header File
- *
- * Allows some user configuration
- * defines structures
- * declares functions
- *
- */
-
-/* NOTE: There is only one user configurable section in this header - see below */
-
-#ifndef AMCL_H
-#define AMCL_H
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include "arch.h"
-
-#ifdef CMAKE
-#define AMCL_VERSION_MAJOR @AMCL_VERSION_MAJOR@ /**< Major version of the library */
-#define AMCL_VERSION_MINOR @AMCL_VERSION_MINOR@ /**< Minor version of the library */
-#define AMCL_VERSION_PATCH @AMCL_VERSION_PATCH@ /**< Patch version of the library */
-#define OS "@OS@"                               /**< Operative system */
-#cmakedefine USE_PATENTS   /**< Use Patents */
-#cmakedefine USE_ANONYMOUS /**< Use Anonymous Configuration in MPin */
-#endif
-
-/* Curve types */
-
-#define WEIERSTRASS 0 /**< Short Weierstrass form curve  */
-#define EDWARDS 1     /**< Edwards or Twisted Edwards curve  */
-#define MONTGOMERY 2  /**< Montgomery form curve  */
-
-/* Elliptic curves are defined over prime fields */
-/* Here are some popular EC prime fields for which we have prepared standard curves. Feel free to specify your own. */
-
-#define NIST256 0    /**< For the NIST 256-bit standard curve - WEIERSTRASS only */
-#define C25519 1     /**< Bernstein's Modulus 2^255-19 - EDWARDS or MONTGOMERY only */
-#define BRAINPOOL 2  /**< For Brainpool 256-bit curve - WEIERSTRASS only */
-#define ANSSI 3      /**< For French 256-bit standard curve - WEIERSTRASS only */
-#define MF254 4      /**< For NUMS curves from Bos et al - 254-bit Montgomery friendly modulus - WEIERSTRASS or EDWARDS or MONTGOMERY */
-#define MS255 5      /**< For NUMS curve - 255-bit pseudo-mersenne modulus - WEIERSTRASS or EDWARDS or MONTGOMERY */
-#define MF256 6      /**< For NUMS curve - 256-bit Montgomery friendly modulus - WEIERSTRASS or EDWARDS or MONTGOMERY */
-#define MS256 7      /**< For NUMS curve - 256-bit pseudo-merseene modulus - WEIERSTRASS or EDWARDS or MONTGOMERY */
-#define HIFIVE 8     /**< My 336-bit pseudo-mersenne modulus - EDWARDS only */
-#define GOLDILOCKS 9 /**< Goldilocks generalized-mersenne modulus - EDWARDS only */
-#define NIST384 10   /**< For the NIST 384-bit standard curve - WEIERSTRASS only */
-#define C41417 11    /**< Bernstein et al Curve41417 2^414-17 - EDWARDS only */
-#define NIST521 12   /**< For the NIST 521-bit standard curve - WEIERSTRASS only */
-
-/* BN Curves */
-#define BN_CURVES 100 /**< Barreto-Naehrig curves */
-#define BN454 100     /**< New AES-128 security BN curve - Modulus built from -0x10000010000000000000100000001  - WEIERSTRASS only */
-#define BN646 101     /**< AES-192 security BN curve -  Modulus built from t=-0x10000000000000000000004000000000000001001 - WEIERSTRASS only */
-
-/* A few 254-bit alternative BN curves */
-#define BN254 102 /**< Standard Nogami BN curve - fastest. Modulus built from  t=-0x4080000000000001 - WEIERSTRASS only */
-
-/* GT_STRONG curves */
-#define BN254_CX 103 /**< Our CertiVox BN curve. Modulus built from t=-0x4000000003C012B1 - WEIERSTRASS only */
-#define BN254_T 104  /**< GT_Strong BN curve. Modulus built from t=-0x4000806000004081 - WEIERSTRASS only */
-#define BN254_T2 105 /**< G2 and GT-Strong BN curve.  Modulus built from t=-0x4000020100608205 - WEIERSTRASS only */
-
-/* BLS-12 Curves */
-#define BLS_CURVES 200 /**< Barreto-Lynn-Scott curves */
-#define BLS455 200     /**< New AES-128 security BLS curve - Modulus built from -0x10002000002000010007  - WEIERSTRASS only */
-#define BLS383 201     /**< New AES-128 security BLS curve - Modulus built from -0x1101000000040110  - WEIERSTRASS only */
-
-
-/*** START OF USER CONFIGURABLE SECTION - set architecture and choose modulus and curve  ***/
-
-#ifdef CMAKE
-#define CHOICE @AMCL_CHOICE@ /**< Current choice of Field */
-#else
-#define CHOICE BN254_CX	     /**< Current choice of Field */
-#endif
-
-/* For some moduli only one parameterisation of curve may supported. For others there is a choice of WEIERSTRASS, EDWARDS or MONTGOMERY curves. See above. */
-#ifdef CMAKE
-#define CURVETYPE @AMCL_CURVETYPE@ /**< Note that not all curve types are supported - see above */
-#else
-#define CURVETYPE WEIERSTRASS	   /**< Note that not all curve types are supported - see above */
-#endif
-
-
-/* Actual curve parameters associated with these choices can be found in rom.c */
-
-/* These next options only apply for pairings */
-#ifdef USE_PATENTS
-#define USE_GLV	  /**< Note this method is patented (GLV), so maybe you want to comment this out */
-#define USE_GS_G2 /**< Well we didn't patent it :) But may be covered by GLV patent :( */
-#endif
-#define USE_GS_GT /**< Not patented, so probably safe to always use this */
-
-/* Finite field support - for RSA, DH etc. */
-#ifdef CMAKE
-#define FFLEN @AMCL_FFLEN@ /**< 2^n multiplier of BIGBITS to specify supported Finite Field size, e.g 2048=256*2^3 where BIGBITS=256 */
-#else
-#define FFLEN 8 /**< 2^n multiplier of BIGBITS to specify supported Finite Field size, e.g 2048=256*2^3 where BIGBITS=256 */
-#endif
-
-
-
-/* For debugging Only.*/
-#ifdef CMAKE
-#cmakedefine DEBUG_REDUCE /**< Print debug message for field reduction */
-#cmakedefine DEBUG_NORM   /**< Detect digit overflow */
-#cmakedefine GET_STATS    /**< Debug statistics - use with debugger */
-#else
-//#define DEBUG_REDUCE
-//#define DEBUG_NORM
-//#define GET_STATS
-#endif
-
-
-// #define UNWOUND
-
-/*** END OF USER CONFIGURABLE SECTION ***/
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-#define NLEN (1+((MBITS-1)/BASEBITS)) /**< Number of words in BIG. */
-#define MODBYTES (1+(MBITS-1)/8)      /**< Number of bytes in Modulus */
-#define BIGBITS (MODBYTES*8)	      /**< Number of bits representable in a BIG */
-#define FF_BITS (BIGBITS*FFLEN)	      /**< Finite Field Size in bits - must be BIGBITS.2^n */
-
-/* modulus types */
-
-#define NOT_SPECIAL 0	       /**< Modulus of no exploitable form */
-#define PSEUDO_MERSENNE 1      /**< Pseudo-mersenne modulus of form $2^n-c$  */
-#define MONTGOMERY_FRIENDLY 3  /**< Montgomery Friendly modulus of form $2^a(2^b-c)-1$  */
-#define GENERALISED_MERSENNE 2 /**< Generalised-mersenne modulus of form $2^n-2^m-1$, GOLDILOCKS only */
-
-/* Built-in curves defined here */
-/* MIRACL check.cpp utility used to determine optimal choice for BASEBITS */
-
-/* Define AES_S if the desired AES-equivalent security is significantly less than the group order */
-
-
-#if CHOICE==NIST256
-#define MBITS 256	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 7	                     /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE  NOT_SPECIAL         /**< Modulus type */
-#if CURVETYPE!=WEIERSTRASS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#define BASEBITS 13                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 56                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==C25519
-#define MBITS 255	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 5		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE PSEUDO_MERSENNE      /**< Modulus type */
-#if CURVETYPE==WEIERSTRASS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#if CURVETYPE==MONTGOMERY
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#define BASEBITS 13		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 56		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==BRAINPOOL
-#define MBITS 256                    /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 7                       /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE  NOT_SPECIAL         /**< Modulus type */
-#if CURVETYPE!=WEIERSTRASS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#define BASEBITS 13                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 56                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==ANSSI
-#define MBITS 256	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 3		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE  NOT_SPECIAL         /**< Modulus type */
-#if CURVETYPE!=WEIERSTRASS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#define BASEBITS 13                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 56                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-/**< NUMS curve from Bos et al. paper */
-
-#if CHOICE==MF254
-#define MBITS 254                    /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 7                       /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE MONTGOMERY_FRIENDLY  /**< Modulus type */
-#if CHUNK==16
-#error Not Supported
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 56                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==MF256
-#define MBITS 256                    /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 7                       /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE MONTGOMERY_FRIENDLY  /**< Modulus type */
-#if CHUNK==16
-#error Not Supported
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 56                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==MS255
-#define MBITS 255	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 3		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE PSEUDO_MERSENNE      /**< Modulus type */
-#if CHUNK==16
-#define BASEBITS 13                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 56                  /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==MS256
-#define MBITS 256	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 3		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE PSEUDO_MERSENNE      /**< Modulus type */
-#if CHUNK==16
-#define BASEBITS 13	             /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 56		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==HIFIVE
-#define MBITS 336	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 5		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE PSEUDO_MERSENNE      /**< Modulus type */
-#define AES_S 128                    /**< Desired AES equivalent strength */
-#if CURVETYPE!=EDWARDS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#error Not Supported
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 60		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==GOLDILOCKS
-#define MBITS 448	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 7		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE GENERALISED_MERSENNE /**< Modulus type */
-#if CURVETYPE!=EDWARDS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#error Not Supported
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 60		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==NIST384
-#define MBITS 384	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 7		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE  NOT_SPECIAL         /**< Modulus type */
-#if CURVETYPE!=WEIERSTRASS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#error Not supported
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 28		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 56		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==C41417
-#define MBITS 414	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 7		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE  PSEUDO_MERSENNE     /**< Modulus type */
-#if CURVETYPE!=EDWARDS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#error Not supported
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 60		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==NIST521
-#define MBITS 521	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 7		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE  PSEUDO_MERSENNE     /**< Modulus type */
-#if CURVETYPE!=WEIERSTRASS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#error Not supported
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 28		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 60		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-/* New BN curve to be used for AES-128 security as response to new DL developments - see Kim & Barbulescu ePrint Archive: Report 2015/1027 */
-
-#if CHOICE==BN454
-#define MBITS 454	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 3		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE  NOT_SPECIAL         /**< Modulus type */
-#define AES_S 128                    /**< Desired AES equivalent strength */
-#if CURVETYPE!=WEIERSTRASS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#error Not supported
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 60		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-/* New BLS curve to be used for AES-128 security as response to new DL developments - see Kim & Barbulescu ePrint Archive: Report 2015/1027 */
-
-#if CHOICE==BLS455
-#define MBITS 455	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 3		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE  NOT_SPECIAL         /**< Modulus type */
-#define AES_S 128                    /**< Desired AES equivalent strength */
-#if CURVETYPE!=WEIERSTRASS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#error Not supported
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 60		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-
-#if CHOICE==BLS383
-#define MBITS 383	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 3		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE  NOT_SPECIAL         /**< Modulus type */
-#if CURVETYPE!=WEIERSTRASS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#error Not supported
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 28		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 56		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE==BN646
-#define MBITS 646	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 3		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE  NOT_SPECIAL         /**< Modulus type */
-#define AES_S 192                    /**< Desired AES equivalent strength */
-#if CURVETYPE!=WEIERSTRASS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#error Not supported
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 60		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if CHOICE<BLS_CURVES
-
-#if CHOICE>=BN254                    /* Its a BN curve */
-#define MBITS 254	             /**< Number of bits in Modulus */
-#define MOD8 3		             /**< Modulus mod 8  */
-#define MODTYPE  NOT_SPECIAL         /**< Modulus type */
-#if CURVETYPE!=WEIERSTRASS
-#error Not supported
-#else
-#if CHUNK==16
-#define BASEBITS 13		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 32
-#define BASEBITS 29		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#if CHUNK == 64
-#define BASEBITS 56		     /**< Numbers represented to base 2*BASEBITS */
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-
-#if CHOICE>BN254
-#define GT_STRONG /**< Using a GT-Strong 254-bit BN curve */
-#endif
-#endif
-
-
-/* Don't mess with anything below this line */
-
-#ifdef GET_STATS
-extern int tsqr,rsqr,tmul,rmul;
-extern int tadd,radd,tneg,rneg;
-extern int tdadd,rdadd,tdneg,rdneg;
-#endif
-
-#define DCHUNK 2*CHUNK	/**< Number of bits in double-length type */
-#define DNLEN 2*NLEN	/**< double length required for products of BIGs */
-#define HFLEN (FFLEN/2) /**< Useful for half-size RSA private key operations */
-
-#define CHUNK_BITS 8*sizeof(chunk) /**< Number of bits in a chunk */
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_NORM  /* Add an extra location to track chunk extension */
-typedef chunk BIG[NLEN+1];   /**< Define type BIG as array of chunks */
-typedef chunk DBIG[DNLEN+1]; /**< Define type DBIG as array of chunks */
-#else
-typedef chunk BIG[NLEN];     /**< Define type BIG as array of chunks */
-typedef chunk DBIG[DNLEN];   /**< Define type DBIG as array of chunks */
-#endif
-
-#define HBITS (BASEBITS/2)      /**< Number of bits in number base divided by 2 */
-#define HBITS1 ((BASEBITS+1)/2) /**< Number of bits in number base plus 1 divided by 2 */
-#define HDIFF (HBITS1-HBITS)    /**< Will be either 0 or 1, depending if number of bits in number base is even or odd */
-
-#define BMASK (((chunk)1<<BASEBITS)-1) /**< Mask = 2^BASEBITS-1 */
-#define HMASK (((chunk)1<<HBITS)-1)    /**< Mask = 2^HBITS-1 */
-#define HMASK1 (((chunk)1<<HBITS1)-1)  /**< Mask = 2^HBITS1-1 */
-
-#define MODBITS MBITS                             /**< Number of bits in Modulus for selected curve */
-#define TBITS (MBITS%BASEBITS)                    /**< Number of active bits in top word */
-#define TMASK (((chunk)1<<TBITS)-1)               /**< Mask for active bits in top word */
-#define NEXCESS (1<<(CHUNK-BASEBITS-1))           /**< 2^(CHUNK-BASEBITS-1) - digit cannot be multiplied by more than this before normalisation */
-#define FEXCESS ((chunk)1<<(BASEBITS*NLEN-MBITS)) /**< 2^(BASEBITS*NLEN-MODBITS) - normalised BIG can be multiplied by more than this before reduction */
-#define OMASK (-((chunk)(1)<<TBITS))              /**<  for masking out overflow bits */
-
-/* catch field excesses */
-#define EXCESS(a) ((a[NLEN-1]&OMASK)>>(TBITS)) /**< Field Excess */
-
-
-#define P_MBITS (MODBYTES*8)
-#define P_TBITS (P_MBITS%BASEBITS)
-#define P_EXCESS(a) ((a[NLEN-1])>>(P_TBITS))
-#define P_FEXCESS ((chunk)1<<(BASEBITS*NLEN-P_MBITS))
-
-
-
-/* Field Params - see rom.c */
-extern const BIG Modulus;  /**< Actual Modulus set in rom.c */
-extern const chunk MConst; /**< Montgomery only - 1/p mod 2^BASEBITS */
-
-/* Curve Params - see rom.c */
-extern const int CURVE_A;     /**< Elliptic curve A parameter */
-extern const BIG CURVE_B;     /**< Elliptic curve B parameter */
-extern const BIG CURVE_Order; /**< Elliptic curve group order */
-extern const BIG CURVE_Cof;   /**< Elliptic curve cofactor */
-
-/* Generator point on G1 */
-extern const BIG CURVE_Gx; /**< x-coordinate of generator point in group G1  */
-extern const BIG CURVE_Gy; /**< y-coordinate of generator point in group G1  */
-
-/* For Pairings only */
-
-/* Generator point on G2 */
-extern const BIG CURVE_Pxa; /**< real part of x-coordinate of generator point in group G2 */
-extern const BIG CURVE_Pxb; /**< imaginary part of x-coordinate of generator point in group G2 */
-extern const BIG CURVE_Pya; /**< real part of y-coordinate of generator point in group G2 */
-extern const BIG CURVE_Pyb; /**< imaginary part of y-coordinate of generator point in group G2 */
-
-extern const BIG CURVE_Bnx; /**< BN curve x parameter */
-
-extern const BIG CURVE_Cru; /**< BN curve Cube Root of Unity */
-
-extern const BIG CURVE_Fra; /**< real part of BN curve Frobenius Constant */
-extern const BIG CURVE_Frb; /**< imaginary part of BN curve Frobenius Constant */
-
-
-extern const BIG CURVE_W[2];	 /**< BN curve constant for GLV decomposition */
-extern const BIG CURVE_SB[2][2]; /**< BN curve constant for GLV decomposition */
-extern const BIG CURVE_WB[4];	 /**< BN curve constant for GS decomposition */
-extern const BIG CURVE_BB[4][4]; /**< BN curve constant for GS decomposition */
-
-/* Structures */
-
-/**
-	@brief ECP structure - Elliptic Curve Point over base field
-*/
-
-typedef struct
-{
-#if CURVETYPE!=EDWARDS
-    int inf; /**< Infinity Flag - not needed for Edwards representation */
-#endif
-    BIG x; /**< x-coordinate of point */
-#if CURVETYPE!=MONTGOMERY
-    BIG y; /**< y-coordinate of point. Not needed for Montgomery representation */
-#endif
-    BIG z;/**< z-coordinate of point */
-} ECP;
-
-/**
-	@brief FP2 Structure - quadratic extension field
-*/
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    BIG a; /**< real part of FP2 */
-    BIG b; /**< imaginary part of FP2 */
-} FP2;
-
-/**
-	@brief FP4 Structure - towered over two FP2
-*/
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    FP2 a; /**< real part of FP4 */
-    FP2 b; /**< imaginary part of FP4 */
-} FP4;
-
-/**
-	@brief FP12 Structure - towered over three FP4
-*/
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    FP4 a; /**< first part of FP12 */
-    FP4 b; /**< second part of FP12 */
-    FP4 c; /**< third part of FP12 */
-} FP12;
-
-/**
-	@brief ECP2 Structure - Elliptic Curve Point over quadratic extension field
-*/
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    int inf; /**< Infinity Flag */
-    FP2 x;   /**< x-coordinate of point */
-    FP2 y;   /**< y-coordinate of point */
-    FP2 z;   /**< z-coordinate of point */
-} ECP2;
-
-/**
- * @brief SHA256 hash function instance */
-typedef struct
-{
-    unsign32 length[2]; /**< 64-bit input length */
-    unsign32 h[8];      /**< Internal state */
-    unsign32 w[80];	/**< Internal state */
-    int hlen;		/**< Hash length in bytes */
-} hash256;
-
-/**
- * @brief SHA384-512 hash function instance */
-typedef struct
-{
-    unsign64 length[2]; /**< 64-bit input length */
-    unsign64 h[8];      /**< Internal state */
-    unsign64 w[80];	/**< Internal state */
-    int hlen;           /**< Hash length in bytes */
-} hash512;
-
-/**
- * @brief SHA384 hash function instance */
-typedef hash512 hash384;
-
-#define SHA256 32 /**< SHA-256 hashing */
-#define SHA384 48 /**< SHA-384 hashing */
-#define SHA512 64 /**< SHA-512 hashing */
-
-/* Symmetric Encryption AES structure */
-
-#define ECB   0  /**< Electronic Code Book */
-#define CBC   1  /**< Cipher Block Chaining */
-#define CFB1  2  /**< Cipher Feedback - 1 byte */
-#define CFB2  3  /**< Cipher Feedback - 2 bytes */
-#define CFB4  5  /**< Cipher Feedback - 4 bytes */
-#define OFB1  14 /**< Output Feedback - 1 byte */
-#define OFB2  15 /**< Output Feedback - 2 bytes */
-#define OFB4  17 /**< Output Feedback - 4 bytes */
-#define OFB8  21 /**< Output Feedback - 8 bytes */
-#define OFB16 29 /**< Output Feedback - 16 bytes */
-#define CTR1  30 /**< Counter Mode - 1 byte */
-#define CTR2  31 /**< Counter Mode - 2 bytes */
-#define CTR4  33 /**< Counter Mode - 4 bytes */
-#define CTR8  37 /**< Counter Mode - 8 bytes */
-#define CTR16 45 /**< Counter Mode - 16 bytes */
-
-#define uchar unsigned char  /**<  Unsigned char */
-
-/**
-	@brief AES instance
-*/
-
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    int Nk;            /**< AES Key Length */
-    int Nr;            /**< AES Number of rounds */
-    int mode;          /**< AES mode of operation */
-    unsign32 fkey[60]; /**< subkeys for encrypton */
-    unsign32 rkey[60]; /**< subkeys for decrypton */
-    char f[16];        /**< buffer for chaining vector */
-} amcl_aes;
-
-/* AES-GCM suppport.  */
-
-#define GCM_ACCEPTING_HEADER 0   /**< GCM status */
-#define GCM_ACCEPTING_CIPHER 1   /**< GCM status */
-#define GCM_NOT_ACCEPTING_MORE 2 /**< GCM status */
-#define GCM_FINISHED 3           /**< GCM status */
-#define GCM_ENCRYPTING 0         /**< GCM mode */
-#define GCM_DECRYPTING 1         /**< GCM mode */
-
-
-/**
-	@brief GCM mode instance, using AES internally
-*/
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    unsign32 table[128][4]; /**< 2k byte table */
-    uchar stateX[16];	    /**< GCM Internal State */
-    uchar Y_0[16];	    /**< GCM Internal State */
-    unsign32 lenA[2];	    /**< GCM 64-bit length of header */
-    unsign32 lenC[2];	    /**< GCM 64-bit length of ciphertext */
-    int status;		    /**< GCM Status */
-    amcl_aes a;		    /**< Internal Instance of AMCL_AES cipher */
-} gcm;
-
-/* Marsaglia & Zaman Random number generator constants */
-
-#define NK   21 /**< PRNG constant */
-#define NJ   6  /**< PRNG constant */
-#define NV   8  /**< PRNG constant */
-
-
-/**
-	@brief Cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator instance
-*/
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    unsign32 ira[NK]; /**< random number array   */
-    int      rndptr;  /**< pointer into array */
-    unsign32 borrow;  /**<  borrow as a result of subtraction */
-    int pool_ptr;     /**< pointer into random pool */
-    char pool[32];    /**< random pool */
-} csprng;
-
-
-/**
-	@brief Portable representation of a big positive number
-*/
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    int len;   /**< length in bytes  */
-    int max;   /**< max length allowed - enforce truncation  */
-    char *val; /**< byte array  */
-} octet;
-
-/**
-	@brief Integer Factorisation Public Key
-*/
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    sign32 e;     /**< RSA exponent (typically 65537) */
-    BIG n[FFLEN]; /**< An array of BIGs to store public key */
-} rsa_public_key;
-
-/**
-	@brief Integer Factorisation Private Key
-*/
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    BIG p[FFLEN/2];  /**< secret prime p  */
-    BIG q[FFLEN/2];  /**< secret prime q  */
-    BIG dp[FFLEN/2]; /**< decrypting exponent mod (p-1)  */
-    BIG dq[FFLEN/2]; /**< decrypting exponent mod (q-1)  */
-    BIG c[FFLEN/2];  /**< 1/p mod q */
-} rsa_private_key;
-
-/*
-
-Note that a normalised BIG consists of digits mod 2^BASEBITS
-However BIG digits may be "extended" up to 2^(WORDLENGTH-1).
-
-BIGs in extended form may need to be normalised before certain
-operations.
-
-A BIG may be "reduced" to be less that the Modulus, or it
-may be "unreduced" and allowed to grow greater than the
-Modulus.
-
-Normalisation is quite fast. Reduction involves conditional branches,
-which can be regarded as significant "speed bumps". We try to
-delay reductions as much as possible. Reductions may also involve
-side channel leakage, so delaying and batching them
-hopefully disguises internal operations.
-
-*/
-
-/* BIG number prototypes */
-
-/**	@brief Calculates a*b+c+*d
- *
-	Calculate partial product of a.b, add in carry c, and add total to d
-	@param a multiplier
-	@param b multiplicand
-	@param c carry
-	@param d pointer to accumulated bottom half of result
-	@return top half of result
- */
-extern chunk muladd(chunk a,chunk b,chunk c,chunk *d);
-/**	@brief Tests for BIG equal to zero
- *
-	@param x a BIG number
-	@return 1 if zero, else returns 0
- */
-extern int BIG_iszilch(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Tests for DBIG equal to zero
- *
-	@param x a DBIG number
-	@return 1 if zero, else returns 0
- */
-extern int BIG_diszilch(DBIG x);
-/**	@brief Outputs a BIG number to the console
- *
-	@param x a BIG number
- */
-extern void BIG_output(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Outputs a BIG number to the console in raw form (for debugging)
- *
-	@param x a BIG number
- */
-extern void BIG_rawoutput(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Conditional constant time swap of two BIG numbers
- *
-	Conditionally swaps parameters in constant time (without branching)
-	@param x a BIG number
-	@param y another BIG number
-	@param s swap takes place if not equal to 0
- */
-extern void BIG_cswap(BIG x,BIG y,int s);
-/**	@brief Conditional copy of BIG number
- *
-	Conditionally copies second parameter to the first (without branching)
-	@param x a BIG number
-	@param y another BIG number
-	@param s copy takes place if not equal to 0
- */
-extern void BIG_cmove(BIG x,BIG y,int s);
-/**	@brief Conditional copy of DBIG number
- *
-	Conditionally copies second parameter to the first (without branching)
-	@param x a DBIG number
-	@param y another DBIG number
-	@param s copy takes place if not equal to 0
- */
-extern void BIG_dcmove(BIG x,BIG y,int s);
-/**	@brief Convert from BIG number to byte array
- *
-	@param a byte array
-	@param x BIG number
- */
-extern void BIG_toBytes(char *a,BIG x);
-/**	@brief Convert to BIG number from byte array
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@param a byte array
- */
-extern void BIG_fromBytes(BIG x,char *a);
-/**	@brief Convert to BIG number from byte array of given length
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@param a byte array
-	@param s byte array length
- */
-extern void BIG_fromBytesLen(BIG x,char *a,int s);
-/**@brief Convert to DBIG number from byte array of given length
- *
-   @param x DBIG number
-   @param a byte array
-   @param s byte array length
- */
-extern void BIG_dfromBytesLen(DBIG x,char *a,int s);
-/**	@brief Outputs a DBIG number to the console
- *
-	@param x a DBIG number
- */
-extern void BIG_doutput(DBIG x);
-/**	@brief Copy BIG from Read-Only Memory to a BIG
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@param y BIG number in ROM
- */
-extern void BIG_rcopy(BIG x,const BIG y);
-/**	@brief Copy BIG to another BIG
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@param y BIG number to be copied
- */
-extern void BIG_copy(BIG x,BIG y);
-/**	@brief Copy DBIG to another DBIG
- *
-	@param x DBIG number
-	@param y DBIG number to be copied
- */
-extern void BIG_dcopy(DBIG x,DBIG y);
-/**	@brief Copy BIG to upper half of DBIG
- *
-	@param x DBIG number
-	@param y BIG number to be copied
- */
-extern void BIG_dsucopy(DBIG x,BIG y);
-/**	@brief Copy BIG to lower half of DBIG
- *
-	@param x DBIG number
-	@param y BIG number to be copied
- */
-extern void BIG_dscopy(DBIG x,BIG y);
-/**	@brief Copy lower half of DBIG to a BIG
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@param y DBIG number to be copied
- */
-extern void BIG_sdcopy(BIG x,DBIG y);
-/**	@brief Copy upper half of DBIG to a BIG
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@param y DBIG number to be copied
- */
-extern void BIG_sducopy(BIG x,DBIG y);
-/**	@brief Set BIG to zero
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be set to zero
- */
-extern void BIG_zero(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Set DBIG to zero
- *
-	@param x DBIG number to be set to zero
- */
-extern void BIG_dzero(DBIG x);
-/**	@brief Set BIG to one (unity)
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be set to one.
- */
-extern void BIG_one(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Set BIG to inverse mod 2^256
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be inverted
- */
-extern void BIG_invmod2m(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Set BIG to sum of two BIGs - output not normalised
- *
-	@param x BIG number, sum of other two
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param z BIG number
- */
-extern void BIG_add(BIG x,BIG y,BIG z);
-/**	@brief Increment BIG by a small integer - output not normalised
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be incremented
-	@param i integer
- */
-extern void BIG_inc(BIG x,int i);
-/**	@brief Set BIG to difference of two BIGs
- *
-	@param x BIG number, difference of other two - output not normalised
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param z BIG number
- */
-extern void BIG_sub(BIG x,BIG y,BIG z);
-/**	@brief Decrement BIG by a small integer - output not normalised
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be decremented
-	@param i integer
- */
-extern void BIG_dec(BIG x,int i);
-/**	@brief Set DBIG to difference of two DBIGs
- *
-	@param x DBIG number, difference of other two - output not normalised
-	@param y DBIG number
-	@param z DBIG number
- */
-extern void BIG_dsub(DBIG x,DBIG y,DBIG z);
-/**	@brief Multiply BIG by a small integer - output not normalised
- *
-	@param x BIG number, product of other two
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param i small integer
- */
-extern void BIG_imul(BIG x,BIG y,int i);
-/**	@brief Multiply BIG by not-so-small small integer - output normalised
- *
-	@param x BIG number, product of other two
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param i small integer
-	@return Overflowing bits
- */
-extern chunk BIG_pmul(BIG x,BIG y,int i);
-/**	@brief Divide BIG by 3 - output normalised
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@return Remainder
- */
-extern int BIG_div3(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Multiply BIG by even bigger small integer resulting in a DBIG - output normalised
- *
-	@param x DBIG number, product of other two
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param i small integer
- */
-extern void BIG_pxmul(DBIG x,BIG y,int i);
-/**	@brief Multiply BIG by another BIG resulting in DBIG - inputs normalised and output normalised
- *
-	@param x DBIG number, product of other two
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param z BIG number
- */
-extern void BIG_mul(DBIG x,BIG y,BIG z);
-/**	@brief Multiply BIG by another BIG resulting in another BIG - inputs normalised and output normalised
- *
-	Note that the product must fit into a BIG, and x must be distinct from y and z
-	@param x BIG number, product of other two
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param z BIG number
- */
-extern void BIG_smul(BIG x,BIG y,BIG z);
-/**	@brief Square BIG resulting in a DBIG - input normalised and output normalised
- *
-	@param x DBIG number, square of a BIG
-	@param y BIG number to be squared
- */
-extern void BIG_sqr(DBIG x,BIG y);
-
-/**	@brief Montgomery reduction of a DBIG to a BIG  - input normalised and output normalised
- *
-	@param a BIG number, reduction of a BIG
-	@param md BIG number, the modulus
-	@param MC the Montgomery Constant
-	@param d DBIG number to be reduced
- */
-extern void BIG_monty(BIG a,BIG md,chunk MC,DBIG d);
-
-/**	@brief Shifts a BIG left by any number of bits - input must be normalised, output normalised
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be shifted
-	@param s Number of bits to shift
- */
-extern void BIG_shl(BIG x,int s);
-/**	@brief Fast shifts a BIG left by a small number of bits - input must be normalised, output will be normalised
- *
-	The number of bits to be shifted must be less than BASEBITS
-	@param x BIG number to be shifted
-	@param s Number of bits to shift
-	@return Overflow bits
- */
-extern int BIG_fshl(BIG x,int s);
-/**	@brief Shifts a DBIG left by any number of bits - input must be normalised, output normalised
- *
-	@param x DBIG number to be shifted
-	@param s Number of bits to shift
- */
-extern void BIG_dshl(DBIG x,int s);
-/**	@brief Shifts a BIG right by any number of bits - input must be normalised, output normalised
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be shifted
-	@param s Number of bits to shift
- */
-extern void BIG_shr(BIG x,int s);
-/**	@brief Fast shifts a BIG right by a small number of bits - input must be normalised, output will be normalised
- *
-	The number of bits to be shifted must be less than BASEBITS
-	@param x BIG number to be shifted
-	@param s Number of bits to shift
-	@return Shifted out bits
- */
-extern int BIG_fshr(BIG x,int s);
-/**	@brief Shifts a DBIG right by any number of bits - input must be normalised, output normalised
- *
-	@param x DBIG number to be shifted
-	@param s Number of bits to shift
- */
-extern void BIG_dshr(DBIG x,int s);
-/**	@brief Splits a DBIG into two BIGs - input must be normalised, outputs normalised
- *
-	Internal function. The value of s must be approximately in the middle of the DBIG.
-	Typically used to extract z mod 2^MODBITS and z/2^MODBITS
-	@param x BIG number, top half of z
-	@param y BIG number, bottom half of z
-	@param z DBIG number to be split in two.
-	@param s Bit position at which to split
-	@return carry-out from top half
- */
-extern chunk BIG_split(BIG x,BIG y,DBIG z,int s);
-/**	@brief Normalizes a BIG number - output normalised
- *
-	All digits of the input BIG are reduced mod 2^BASEBITS
-	@param x BIG number to be normalised
- */
-extern chunk BIG_norm(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Normalizes a DBIG number - output normalised
- *
-	All digits of the input DBIG are reduced mod 2^BASEBITS
-	@param x DBIG number to be normalised
- */
-extern void BIG_dnorm(DBIG x);
-/**	@brief Compares two BIG numbers. Inputs must be normalised externally
- *
-	@param x first BIG number to be compared
-	@param y second BIG number to be compared
-	@return -1 is x<y, 0 if x=y, 1 if x>y
- */
-extern int BIG_comp(BIG x,BIG y);
-/**	@brief Compares two DBIG numbers. Inputs must be normalised externally
- *
-	@param x first DBIG number to be compared
-	@param y second DBIG number to be compared
-	@return -1 is x<y, 0 if x=y, 1 if x>y
- */
-extern int BIG_dcomp(DBIG x,DBIG y);
-/**	@brief Calculate number of bits in a BIG - output normalised
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@return Number of bits in x
- */
-extern int BIG_nbits(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Calculate number of bits in a DBIG - output normalised
- *
-	@param x DBIG number
-	@return Number of bits in x
- */
-extern int BIG_dnbits(DBIG x);
-/**	@brief Reduce x mod n - input and output normalised
- *
-	Slow but rarely used
-	@param x BIG number to be reduced mod n
-	@param n The modulus
- */
-extern void BIG_mod(BIG x,BIG n);
-/**	@brief Divide x by n - output normalised
- *
-	Slow but rarely used
-	@param x BIG number to be divided by n
-	@param n The Divisor
- */
-extern void BIG_sdiv(BIG x,BIG n);
-/**	@brief  x=y mod n - output normalised
- *
-	Slow but rarely used. y is destroyed.
-	@param x BIG number, on exit = y mod n
-	@param y DBIG number
-	@param n Modulus
- */
-extern void BIG_dmod(BIG x,DBIG y,BIG n);
-/**	@brief  x=y/n - output normalised
- *
-	Slow but rarely used. y is destroyed.
-	@param x BIG number, on exit = y/n
-	@param y DBIG number
-	@param n Modulus
- */
-extern void BIG_ddiv(BIG x,DBIG y,BIG n);
-/**	@brief  return parity of BIG, that is the least significant bit
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@return 0 or 1
- */
-extern int BIG_parity(BIG x);
-/**	@brief  return i-th of BIG
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@param i the bit of x to be returned
-	@return 0 or 1
- */
-extern int BIG_bit(BIG x,int i);
-/**	@brief  return least significant bits of a BIG
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@param n number of bits to return. Assumed to be less than BASEBITS.
-	@return least significant n bits as an integer
- */
-extern int BIG_lastbits(BIG x,int n);
-/**	@brief  Create a random BIG from a random number generator
- *
-	Assumes that the random number generator has been suitably initialised
-	@param x BIG number, on exit a random number
-	@param r A pointer to a Cryptographically Secure Random Number Generator
- */
-extern void BIG_random(BIG x,csprng *r);
-/**	@brief  Create an unbiased random BIG from a random number generator, reduced with respect to a modulus
- *
-	Assumes that the random number generator has been suitably initialised
-	@param x BIG number, on exit a random number
-	@param n The modulus
-	@param r A pointer to a Cryptographically Secure Random Number Generator
- */
-extern void BIG_randomnum(BIG x,BIG n,csprng *r);
-/**	brief  return NAF (Non-Adjacent-Form) value as +/- 1, 3 or 5, inputs must be normalised
- *
-	Given x and 3*x extracts NAF value from given bit position, and returns number of bits processed, and number of trailing zeros detected if any
-	param x BIG number
-	param x3 BIG number, three times x
-	param i bit position
-	param nbs pointer to integer returning number of bits processed
-	param nzs pointer to integer returning number of trailing 0s
-	return + or - 1, 3 or 5
-*/
-//extern int BIG_nafbits(BIG x,BIG x3,int i,int *nbs,int *nzs);
-
-/**	@brief  Calculate x=y*z mod n
- *
-	Slow method for modular multiplication
-	@param x BIG number, on exit = y*z mod n
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param z BIG number
-	@param n The BIG Modulus
- */
-extern void BIG_modmul(BIG x,BIG y,BIG z,BIG n);
-/**	@brief  Calculate x=y/z mod n
- *
-	Slow method for modular division
-	@param x BIG number, on exit = y/z mod n
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param z BIG number
-	@param n The BIG Modulus
- */
-extern void BIG_moddiv(BIG x,BIG y,BIG z,BIG n);
-/**	@brief  Calculate x=y^2 mod n
- *
-	Slow method for modular squaring
-	@param x BIG number, on exit = y^2 mod n
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param n The BIG Modulus
- */
-extern void BIG_modsqr(BIG x,BIG y,BIG n);
-/**	@brief  Calculate x=-y mod n
- *
-	Modular negation
-	@param x BIG number, on exit = -y mod n
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param n The BIG Modulus
- */
-extern void BIG_modneg(BIG x,BIG y,BIG n);
-/**	@brief  Calculate jacobi Symbol (x/y)
- *
-	@param x BIG number
-	@param y BIG number
-	@return Jacobi symbol, -1,0 or 1
- */
-extern int BIG_jacobi(BIG x,BIG y);
-/**	@brief  Calculate x=1/y mod n
- *
-	Modular Inversion - This is slow. Uses binary method.
-	@param x BIG number, on exit = 1/y mod n
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param n The BIG Modulus
- */
-extern void BIG_invmodp(BIG x,BIG y,BIG n);
-/** @brief Calculate x=x mod 2^m
- *
-	Truncation
-	@param x BIG number, on reduced mod 2^m
-	@param m new truncated size
-*/
-extern void BIG_mod2m(BIG x,int m);
-
-
-
-/* FP prototypes */
-
-/**	@brief Tests for BIG equal to zero mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be tested
-	@return 1 if zero, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FP_iszilch(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Converts from BIG integer to n-residue form mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be converted
- */
-extern void FP_nres(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Converts from n-residue form back to BIG integer form
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be converted
- */
-extern void FP_redc(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Sets BIG to representation of unity in n-residue form
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be set equal to unity.
- */
-extern void FP_one(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Reduces DBIG to BIG exploiting special form of the modulus
- *
-	This function comes in different flavours depending on the form of Modulus that is currently in use.
-	@param r BIG number, on exit = d mod Modulus
-	@param d DBIG number to be reduced
- */
-extern void FP_mod(BIG r,DBIG d);
-/**	@brief Fast Modular multiplication of two BIGs in n-residue form, mod Modulus
- *
-	Uses appropriate fast modular reduction method
-	@param x BIG number, on exit the modular product = y*z mod Modulus
-	@param y BIG number, the multiplicand
-	@param z BIG number, the multiplier
- */
-extern void FP_mul(BIG x,BIG y,BIG z);
-/**	@brief Fast Modular multiplication of a BIG in n-residue form, by a small integer, mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number, on exit the modular product = y*i mod Modulus
-	@param y BIG number, the multiplicand
-	@param i a small number, the multiplier
- */
-extern void FP_imul(BIG x,BIG y,int i);
-/**	@brief Fast Modular squaring of a BIG in n-residue form, mod Modulus
- *
-	Uses appropriate fast modular reduction method
-	@param x BIG number, on exit the modular product = y^2 mod Modulus
-	@param y BIG number, the number to be squared
-
- */
-extern void FP_sqr(BIG x,BIG y);
-/**	@brief Modular addition of two BIGs in n-residue form, mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number, on exit the modular sum = y+z mod Modulus
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param z BIG number
- */
-extern void FP_add(BIG x,BIG y,BIG z);
-/**	@brief Modular subtraction of two BIGs in n-residue form, mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number, on exit the modular difference = y-z mod Modulus
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param z BIG number
- */
-extern void FP_sub(BIG x,BIG y,BIG z);
-/**	@brief Modular division by 2 of a BIG in n-residue form, mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number, on exit =y/2 mod Modulus
-	@param y BIG number
- */
-extern void FP_div2(BIG x,BIG y);
-/**	@brief Fast Modular exponentiation of a BIG in n-residue form, to the power of a BIG, mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number, on exit  = y^z mod Modulus
-	@param y BIG number
-	@param z Big number exponent
- */
-extern void FP_pow(BIG x,BIG y,BIG z);
-/**	@brief Fast Modular square root of a BIG in n-residue form, mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number, on exit  = sqrt(y) mod Modulus
-	@param y BIG number, the number whose square root is calculated
-
- */
-extern void FP_sqrt(BIG x,BIG y);
-/**	@brief Modular negation of a BIG in n-residue form, mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number, on exit = -y mod Modulus
-	@param y BIG number
- */
-extern void FP_neg(BIG x,BIG y);
-/**	@brief Outputs a BIG number that is in n-residue form to the console
- *
-	Converts from n-residue form before output
-	@param x a BIG number
- */
-extern void FP_output(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Outputs a BIG number that is in n-residue form to the console, in raw form
- *
-	Converts from n-residue form before output
-	@param x a BIG number
- */
-extern void FP_rawoutput(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Reduces possibly unreduced BIG mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number, on exit reduced mod Modulus
- */
-extern void FP_reduce(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Tests for BIG a quadratic residue mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number to be tested
-	@return 1 if quadratic residue, else returns 0 if quadratic non-residue
- */
-extern int FP_qr(BIG x);
-/**	@brief Modular inverse of a BIG in n-residue form, mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x BIG number, on exit = 1/y mod Modulus
-	@param y BIG number
- */
-extern void FP_inv(BIG x,BIG y);
-
-
-/* FP2 prototypes */
-
-/**	@brief Tests for FP2 equal to zero
- *
-	@param x FP2 number to be tested
-	@return 1 if zero, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FP2_iszilch(FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Conditional copy of FP2 number
- *
-	Conditionally copies second parameter to the first (without branching)
-	@param x FP2 instance, set to y if s!=0
-	@param y another FP2 instance
-	@param s copy only takes place if not equal to 0
- */
-extern void FP2_cmove(FP2 *x,FP2 *y,int s);
-/**	@brief Tests for FP2 equal to one
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance to be tested
-	@return 1 if x=1, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FP2_isunity(FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Tests for equality of two FP2s
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance to be compared
-	@param y FP2 instance to be compared
-	@return 1 if x=y, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FP2_equals(FP2 *x,FP2 *y);
-/**	@brief Initialise FP2 from two BIGs in n-residue form
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance to be initialised
-	@param a BIG to form real part of FP2
-	@param b BIG to form imaginary part of FP2
- */
-extern void FP2_from_FPs(FP2 *x,BIG a,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Initialise FP2 from two BIG integers
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance to be initialised
-	@param a BIG to form real part of FP2
-	@param b BIG to form imaginary part of FP2
- */
-extern void FP2_from_BIGs(FP2 *x,BIG a,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Initialise FP2 from single BIG in n-residue form
- *
-	Imaginary part is set to zero
-	@param x FP2 instance to be initialised
-	@param a BIG to form real part of FP2
- */
-extern void FP2_from_FP(FP2 *x,BIG a);
-/**	@brief Initialise FP2 from single BIG
- *
-	Imaginary part is set to zero
-	@param x FP2 instance to be initialised
-	@param a BIG to form real part of FP2
- */
-extern void FP2_from_BIG(FP2 *x,BIG a);
-/**	@brief Copy FP2 to another FP2
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = y
-	@param y FP2 instance to be copied
- */
-extern void FP2_copy(FP2 *x,FP2 *y);
-/**	@brief Set FP2 to zero
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance to be set to zero
- */
-extern void FP2_zero(FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Set FP2 to unity
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance to be set to one
- */
-extern void FP2_one(FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Negation of FP2
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = -y
-	@param y FP2 instance
- */
-extern void FP2_neg(FP2 *x,FP2 *y);
-/**	@brief Conjugation of FP2
- *
-	If y=(a,b) on exit x=(a,-b)
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = conj(y)
-	@param y FP2 instance
- */
-extern void FP2_conj(FP2 *x,FP2 *y);
-/**	@brief addition of two FP2s
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = y+z
-	@param y FP2 instance
-	@param z FP2 instance
- */
-extern void FP2_add(FP2 *x,FP2 *y,FP2 *z);
-/**	@brief subtraction of two FP2s
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = y-z
-	@param y FP2 instance
-	@param z FP2 instance
- */
-extern void FP2_sub(FP2 *x,FP2 *y,FP2 *z);
-/**	@brief Multiplication of an FP2 by an n-residue
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = y*b
-	@param y FP2 instance
-	@param b BIG n-residue
- */
-extern void FP2_pmul(FP2 *x,FP2 *y,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Multiplication of an FP2 by a small integer
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = y*i
-	@param y FP2 instance
-	@param i an integer
- */
-extern void FP2_imul(FP2 *x,FP2 *y,int i);
-/**	@brief Squaring an FP2
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = y^2
-	@param y FP2 instance
- */
-extern void FP2_sqr(FP2 *x,FP2 *y);
-/**	@brief Multiplication of two FP2s
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = y*z
-	@param y FP2 instance
-	@param z FP2 instance
- */
-extern void FP2_mul(FP2 *x,FP2 *y,FP2 *z);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an FP2 to the console
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance
- */
-extern void FP2_output(FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an FP2 to the console in raw form (for debugging)
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance
- */
-extern void FP2_rawoutput(FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Inverting an FP2
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = 1/y
-	@param y FP2 instance
- */
-extern void FP2_inv(FP2 *x,FP2 *y);
-/**	@brief Divide an FP2 by 2
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = y/2
-	@param y FP2 instance
- */
-extern void FP2_div2(FP2 *x,FP2 *y);
-/**	@brief Multiply an FP2 by (1+sqrt(-1))
- *
-	Note that (1+sqrt(-1)) is irreducible for FP4
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = x*(1+sqrt(-1))
- */
-extern void FP2_mul_ip(FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Divide an FP2 by (1+sqrt(-1))
- *
-	Note that (1+sqrt(-1)) is irreducible for FP4
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = x/(1+sqrt(-1))
- */
-extern void FP2_div_ip(FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Normalises the components of an FP2
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance to be normalised
- */
-extern void FP2_norm(FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Reduces all components of possibly unreduced FP2 mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit reduced mod Modulus
- */
-extern void FP2_reduce(FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Raises an FP2 to the power of a BIG
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = y^b
-	@param y FP2 instance
-	@param b BIG number
- */
-extern void FP2_pow(FP2 *x,FP2 *y,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Square root of an FP2
- *
-	@param x FP2 instance, on exit = sqrt(y)
-	@param y FP2 instance
- */
-extern int FP2_sqrt(FP2 *x,FP2 *y);
-
-
-
-/* ECP E(Fp) prototypes */
-/**	@brief Tests for ECP point equal to infinity
- *
-	@param P ECP point to be tested
-	@return 1 if infinity, else returns 0
- */
-extern int ECP_isinf(ECP *P);
-/**	@brief Tests for equality of two ECPs
- *
-	@param P ECP instance to be compared
-	@param Q ECP instance to be compared
-	@return 1 if P=Q, else returns 0
- */
-extern int ECP_equals(ECP *P,ECP *Q);
-/**	@brief Copy ECP point to another ECP point
- *
-	@param P ECP instance, on exit = Q
-	@param Q ECP instance to be copied
- */
-extern void ECP_copy(ECP *P,ECP *Q);
-/**	@brief Negation of an ECP point
- *
-	@param P ECP instance, on exit = -P
- */
-extern void ECP_neg(ECP *P);
-/**	@brief Set ECP to point-at-infinity
- *
-	@param P ECP instance to be set to infinity
- */
-extern void ECP_inf(ECP *P);
-/**	@brief Calculate Right Hand Side of curve equation y^2=f(x)
- *
-	Function f(x) depends on form of elliptic curve, Weierstrass, Edwards or Montgomery.
-	Used internally.
-	@param r BIG n-residue value of f(x)
-	@param x BIG n-residue x
- */
-extern void ECP_rhs(BIG r,BIG x);
-/**	@brief Set ECP to point(x,y) given just x and sign of y
- *
-	Point P set to infinity if no such point on the curve. If x is on the curve then y is calculated from the curve equation.
-	The correct y value (plus or minus) is selected given its sign s.
-	@param P ECP instance to be set (x,[y])
-	@param x BIG x coordinate of point
-	@param s an integer representing the "sign" of y, in fact its least significant bit.
- */
-extern int ECP_setx(ECP *P,BIG x,int s);
-
-#if CURVETYPE==MONTGOMERY
-/**	@brief Set ECP to point(x,[y]) given x
- *
-	Point P set to infinity if no such point on the curve. Note that y coordinate is not needed.
-	@param P ECP instance to be set (x,[y])
-	@param x BIG x coordinate of point
-	@return 1 if point exists, else 0
- */
-extern int ECP_set(ECP *P,BIG x);
-/**	@brief Extract x coordinate of an ECP point P
- *
-	@param x BIG on exit = x coordinate of point
-	@param P ECP instance (x,[y])
-	@return -1 if P is point-at-infinity, else 0
- */
-extern int ECP_get(BIG x,ECP *P);
-/**	@brief Adds ECP instance Q to ECP instance P, given difference D=P-Q
- *
-	Differential addition of points on a Montgomery curve
-	@param P ECP instance, on exit =P+Q
-	@param Q ECP instance to be added to P
-	@param D Difference between P and Q
- */
-extern void ECP_add(ECP *P,ECP *Q,ECP *D);
-#else
-/**	@brief Set ECP to point(x,y) given x and y
- *
-	Point P set to infinity if no such point on the curve.
-	@param P ECP instance to be set (x,y)
-	@param x BIG x coordinate of point
-	@param y BIG y coordinate of point
-	@return 1 if point exists, else 0
- */
-extern int ECP_set(ECP *P,BIG x,BIG y);
-/**	@brief Extract x and y coordinates of an ECP point P
- *
-	If x=y, returns only x
-	@param x BIG on exit = x coordinate of point
-	@param y BIG on exit = y coordinate of point (unless x=y)
-	@param P ECP instance (x,y)
-	@return sign of y, or -1 if P is point-at-infinity
- */
-extern int ECP_get(BIG x,BIG y,ECP *P);
-/**	@brief Adds ECP instance Q to ECP instance P
- *
-	@param P ECP instance, on exit =P+Q
-	@param Q ECP instance to be added to P
- */
-extern void ECP_add(ECP *P,ECP *Q);
-/**	@brief Subtracts ECP instance Q from ECP instance P
- *
-	@param P ECP instance, on exit =P-Q
-	@param Q ECP instance to be subtracted from P
- */
-extern void ECP_sub(ECP *P,ECP *Q);
-#endif
-/**	@brief Converts an ECP point from Projective (x,y,z) coordinates to affine (x,y) coordinates
- *
-	@param P ECP instance to be converted to affine form
- */
-extern void ECP_affine(ECP *P);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an ECP point to the console, in projective coordinates
- *
-	@param P ECP instance to be printed
- */
-extern void ECP_outputxyz(ECP *P);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an ECP point to the console, converted to affine coordinates
- *
-	@param P ECP instance to be printed
- */
-extern void ECP_output(ECP * P);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an ECP point to an octet string
- *
-	The octet string is created in the standard form 04|x|y, except for Montgomery curve in which case it is 06|x
-	Here x (and y) are the x and y coordinates in big-endian base 256 form.
-	@param S output octet string
-	@param P ECP instance to be converted to an octet string
- */
-extern void ECP_toOctet(octet *S,ECP *P);
-/**	@brief Creates an ECP point from an octet string
- *
-	The octet string is in the standard form 0x04|x|y, except for Montgomery curve in which case it is 0x06|x
-	Here x (and y) are the x and y coordinates in left justified big-endian base 256 form.
-	@param P ECP instance to be created from the octet string
-	@param S input octet string
-	return 1 if octet string corresponds to a point on the curve, else 0
- */
-extern int ECP_fromOctet(ECP *P,octet *S);
-/**	@brief Doubles an ECP instance P
- *
-	@param P ECP instance, on exit =2*P
- */
-extern void ECP_dbl(ECP *P);
-/**	@brief Multiplies an ECP instance P by a small integer, side-channel resistant
- *
-	@param P ECP instance, on exit =i*P
-	@param i small integer multiplier
-	@param b maximum number of bits in multiplier
- */
-extern void ECP_pinmul(ECP *P,int i,int b);
-/**	@brief Multiplies an ECP instance P by a BIG, side-channel resistant
- *
-	Uses Montgomery ladder for Montgomery curves, otherwise fixed sized windows.
-	@param P ECP instance, on exit =b*P
-	@param b BIG number multiplier
-
- */
-extern void ECP_mul(ECP *P,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Calculates double multiplication P=e*P+f*Q, side-channel resistant
- *
-	@param P ECP instance, on exit =e*P+f*Q
-	@param Q ECP instance
-	@param e BIG number multiplier
-	@param f BIG number multiplier
- */
-extern void ECP_mul2(ECP *P,ECP *Q,BIG e,BIG f);
-
-
-
-/* ECP2 E(Fp2) prototypes */
-/**	@brief Tests for ECP2 point equal to infinity
- *
-	@param P ECP2 point to be tested
-	@return 1 if infinity, else returns 0
- */
-extern int ECP2_isinf(ECP2 *P);
-/**	@brief Copy ECP2 point to another ECP2 point
- *
-	@param P ECP2 instance, on exit = Q
-	@param Q ECP2 instance to be copied
- */
-extern void ECP2_copy(ECP2 *P,ECP2 *Q);
-/**	@brief Set ECP2 to point-at-infinity
- *
-	@param P ECP2 instance to be set to infinity
- */
-extern void ECP2_inf(ECP2 *P);
-/**	@brief Tests for equality of two ECP2s
- *
-	@param P ECP2 instance to be compared
-	@param Q ECP2 instance to be compared
-	@return 1 if P=Q, else returns 0
- */
-extern int ECP2_equals(ECP2 *P,ECP2 *Q);
-/**	@brief Converts an ECP2 point from Projective (x,y,z) coordinates to affine (x,y) coordinates
- *
-	@param P ECP2 instance to be converted to affine form
- */
-extern void ECP2_affine(ECP2 *P);
-/**	@brief Extract x and y coordinates of an ECP2 point P
- *
-	If x=y, returns only x
-	@param x FP2 on exit = x coordinate of point
-	@param y FP2 on exit = y coordinate of point (unless x=y)
-	@param P ECP2 instance (x,y)
-	@return -1 if P is point-at-infinity, else 0
- */
-extern int ECP2_get(FP2 *x,FP2 *y,ECP2 *P);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an ECP2 point to the console, converted to affine coordinates
- *
-	@param P ECP2 instance to be printed
- */
-extern void ECP2_output(ECP2 *P);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an ECP2 point to the console, in projective coordinates
- *
-	@param P ECP2 instance to be printed
- */
-extern void ECP2_outputxyz(ECP2 *P);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an ECP2 point to an octet string
- *
-	The octet string is created in the form x|y.
-	Convert the real and imaginary parts of the x and y coordinates to big-endian base 256 form.
-	@param S output octet string
-	@param P ECP2 instance to be converted to an octet string
- */
-extern void ECP2_toOctet(octet *S,ECP2 *P);
-/**	@brief Creates an ECP2 point from an octet string
- *
-	The octet string is in the form x|y
-	The real and imaginary parts of the x and y coordinates are in big-endian base 256 form.
-	@param P ECP2 instance to be created from the octet string
-	@param S input octet string
-	return 1 if octet string corresponds to a point on the curve, else 0
- */
-extern int ECP2_fromOctet(ECP2 *P,octet *S);
-/**	@brief Calculate Right Hand Side of curve equation y^2=f(x)
- *
-	Function f(x)=x^3+Ax+B
-	Used internally.
-	@param r FP2 value of f(x)
-	@param x FP2 instance
- */
-extern void ECP2_rhs(FP2 *r,FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Set ECP2 to point(x,y) given x and y
- *
-	Point P set to infinity if no such point on the curve.
-	@param P ECP2 instance to be set (x,y)
-	@param x FP2 x coordinate of point
-	@param y FP2 y coordinate of point
-	@return 1 if point exists, else 0
- */
-extern int ECP2_set(ECP2 *P,FP2 *x,FP2 *y);
-/**	@brief Set ECP to point(x,[y]) given x
- *
-	Point P set to infinity if no such point on the curve. Otherwise y coordinate is calculated from x.
-	@param P ECP instance to be set (x,[y])
-	@param x BIG x coordinate of point
-	@return 1 if point exists, else 0
- */
-extern int ECP2_setx(ECP2 *P,FP2 *x);
-/**	@brief Negation of an ECP2 point
- *
-	@param P ECP2 instance, on exit = -P
- */
-extern void ECP2_neg(ECP2 *P);
-/**	@brief Doubles an ECP2 instance P
- *
-	@param P ECP2 instance, on exit =2*P
- */
-extern int ECP2_dbl(ECP2 *P);
-/**	@brief Adds ECP2 instance Q to ECP2 instance P
- *
-	@param P ECP2 instance, on exit =P+Q
-	@param Q ECP2 instance to be added to P
- */
-extern int ECP2_add(ECP2 *P,ECP2 *Q);
-/**	@brief Subtracts ECP instance Q from ECP2 instance P
- *
-	@param P ECP2 instance, on exit =P-Q
-	@param Q ECP2 instance to be subtracted from P
- */
-extern void ECP2_sub(ECP2 *P,ECP2 *Q);
-/**	@brief Multiplies an ECP2 instance P by a BIG, side-channel resistant
- *
-	Uses fixed sized windows.
-	@param P ECP2 instance, on exit =b*P
-	@param b BIG number multiplier
-
- */
-extern void ECP2_mul(ECP2 *P,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Multiplies an ECP2 instance P by the internal modulus p, using precalculated Frobenius constant f
- *
-	Fast point multiplication using Frobenius
-	@param P ECP2 instance, on exit = p*P
-	@param f FP2 precalculated Frobenius constant
-
- */
-extern void ECP2_frob(ECP2 *P,FP2 *f);
-/**	@brief Calculates P=b[0]*Q[0]+b[1]*Q[1]+b[2]*Q[2]+b[3]*Q[3]
- *
-	@param P ECP2 instance, on exit = b[0]*Q[0]+b[1]*Q[1]+b[2]*Q[2]+b[3]*Q[3]
-	@param Q ECP2 array of 4 points
-	@param b BIG array of 4 multipliers
- */
-extern void ECP2_mul4(ECP2 *P,ECP2 *Q,BIG *b);
-
-
-
-/* FP4 prototypes */
-/**	@brief Tests for FP4 equal to zero
- *
-	@param x FP4 number to be tested
-	@return 1 if zero, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FP4_iszilch(FP4 *x);
-/**	@brief Tests for FP4 equal to unity
- *
-	@param x FP4 number to be tested
-	@return 1 if unity, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FP4_isunity(FP4 *x);
-/**	@brief Tests for equality of two FP4s
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance to be compared
-	@param y FP4 instance to be compared
-	@return 1 if x=y, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FP4_equals(FP4 *x,FP4 *y);
-/**	@brief Tests for FP4 having only a real part and no imaginary part
- *
-	@param x FP4 number to be tested
-	@return 1 if real, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FP4_isreal(FP4 *x);
-/**	@brief Initialise FP4 from two FP2s
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance to be initialised
-	@param a FP2 to form real part of FP4
-	@param b FP2 to form imaginary part of FP4
- */
-extern void FP4_from_FP2s(FP4 *x,FP2 *a,FP2 *b);
-/**	@brief Initialise FP4 from single FP2
- *
-	Imaginary part is set to zero
-	@param x FP4 instance to be initialised
-	@param a FP2 to form real part of FP4
- */
-extern void FP4_from_FP2(FP4 *x,FP2 *a);
-/**	@brief Copy FP4 to another FP4
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = y
-	@param y FP4 instance to be copied
- */
-extern void FP4_copy(FP4 *x,FP4 *y);
-/**	@brief Set FP4 to zero
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance to be set to zero
- */
-extern void FP4_zero(FP4 *x);
-/**	@brief Set FP4 to unity
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance to be set to one
- */
-extern void FP4_one(FP4 *x);
-/**	@brief Negation of FP4
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = -y
-	@param y FP4 instance
- */
-extern void FP4_neg(FP4 *x,FP4 *y);
-/**	@brief Conjugation of FP4
- *
-	If y=(a,b) on exit x=(a,-b)
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = conj(y)
-	@param y FP4 instance
- */
-extern void FP4_conj(FP4 *x,FP4 *y);
-/**	@brief Negative conjugation of FP4
- *
-	If y=(a,b) on exit x=(-a,b)
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = -conj(y)
-	@param y FP4 instance
- */
-extern void FP4_nconj(FP4 *x,FP4 *y);
-/**	@brief addition of two FP4s
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = y+z
-	@param y FP4 instance
-	@param z FP4 instance
- */
-extern void FP4_add(FP4 *x,FP4 *y,FP4 *z);
-/**	@brief subtraction of two FP4s
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = y-z
-	@param y FP4 instance
-	@param z FP4 instance
- */
-extern void FP4_sub(FP4 *x,FP4 *y,FP4 *z);
-/**	@brief Multiplication of an FP4 by an FP2
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = y*a
-	@param y FP4 instance
-	@param a FP2 multiplier
- */
-extern void FP4_pmul(FP4 *x,FP4 *y,FP2 *a);
-/**	@brief Multiplication of an FP4 by a small integer
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = y*i
-	@param y FP4 instance
-	@param i an integer
- */
-extern void FP4_imul(FP4 *x,FP4 *y,int i);
-/**	@brief Squaring an FP4
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = y^2
-	@param y FP4 instance
- */
-extern void FP4_sqr(FP4 *x,FP4 *y);
-/**	@brief Multiplication of two FP4s
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = y*z
-	@param y FP4 instance
-	@param z FP4 instance
- */
-extern void FP4_mul(FP4 *x,FP4 *y,FP4 *z);
-/**	@brief Inverting an FP4
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = 1/y
-	@param y FP4 instance
- */
-extern void FP4_inv(FP4 *x,FP4 *y);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an FP4 to the console
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance to be printed
- */
-extern void FP4_output(FP4 *x);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an FP4 to the console in raw form (for debugging)
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance to be printed
- */
-extern void FP4_rawoutput(FP4 *x);
-/**	@brief multiplies an FP4 instance by irreducible polynomial sqrt(1+sqrt(-1))
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = sqrt(1+sqrt(-1)*x
- */
-extern void FP4_times_i(FP4 *x);
-/**	@brief Normalises the components of an FP4
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance to be normalised
- */
-extern void FP4_norm(FP4 *x);
-/**	@brief Reduces all components of possibly unreduced FP4 mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit reduced mod Modulus
- */
-extern void FP4_reduce(FP4 *x);
-/**	@brief Raises an FP4 to the power of a BIG
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = y^b
-	@param y FP4 instance
-	@param b BIG number
- */
-extern void FP4_pow(FP4 *x,FP4 *y,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Raises an FP4 to the power of the internal modulus p, using the Frobenius
- *
-	@param x FP4 instance, on exit = x^p
-	@param f FP2 precalculated Frobenius constant
- */
-extern void FP4_frob(FP4 *x,FP2 *f);
-/**	@brief Calculates the XTR addition function r=w*x-conj(x)*y+z
- *
-	@param r FP4 instance, on exit = w*x-conj(x)*y+z
-	@param w FP4 instance
-	@param x FP4 instance
-	@param y FP4 instance
-	@param z FP4 instance
- */
-extern void FP4_xtr_A(FP4 *r,FP4 *w,FP4 *x,FP4 *y,FP4 *z);
-/**	@brief Calculates the XTR doubling function r=x^2-2*conj(x)
- *
-	@param r FP4 instance, on exit = x^2-2*conj(x)
-	@param x FP4 instance
- */
-extern void FP4_xtr_D(FP4 *r,FP4 *x);
-/**	@brief Calculates FP4 trace of an FP12 raised to the power of a BIG number
- *
-	XTR single exponentiation
-	@param r FP4 instance, on exit = trace(w^b)
-	@param x FP4 instance, trace of an FP12 w
-	@param b BIG number
- */
-extern void FP4_xtr_pow(FP4 *r,FP4 *x,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Calculates FP4 trace of c^a.d^b, where c and d are derived from FP4 traces of FP12s
- *
-	XTR double exponentiation
-	Assumes c=tr(x^m), d=tr(x^n), e=tr(x^(m-n)), f=tr(x^(m-2n))
-	@param r FP4 instance, on exit = trace(c^a.d^b)
-	@param c FP4 instance, trace of an FP12
-	@param d FP4 instance, trace of an FP12
-	@param e FP4 instance, trace of an FP12
-	@param f FP4 instance, trace of an FP12
-	@param a BIG number
-	@param b BIG number
- */
-extern void FP4_xtr_pow2(FP4 *r,FP4 *c,FP4 *d,FP4 *e,FP4 *f,BIG a,BIG b);
-
-
-
-/* FP12 prototypes */
-/**	@brief Tests for FP12 equal to zero
- *
-	@param x FP12 number to be tested
-	@return 1 if zero, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FP12_iszilch(FP12 *x);
-/**	@brief Tests for FP12 equal to unity
- *
-	@param x FP12 number to be tested
-	@return 1 if unity, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FP12_isunity(FP12 *x);
-/**	@brief Copy FP12 to another FP12
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance, on exit = y
-	@param y FP12 instance to be copied
- */
-extern void FP12_copy(FP12 *x,FP12 *y);
-/**	@brief Set FP12 to unity
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance to be set to one
- */
-extern void FP12_one(FP12 *x);
-/**	@brief Tests for equality of two FP12s
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance to be compared
-	@param y FP12 instance to be compared
-	@return 1 if x=y, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FP12_equals(FP12 *x,FP12 *y);
-/**	@brief Conjugation of FP12
- *
-	If y=(a,b,c) (where a,b,c are its three FP4 components) on exit x=(conj(a),-conj(b),conj(c))
-	@param x FP12 instance, on exit = conj(y)
-	@param y FP12 instance
- */
-extern void FP12_conj(FP12 *x,FP12 *y);
-/**	@brief Initialise FP12 from single FP4
- *
-	Sets first FP4 component of an FP12, other components set to zero
-	@param x FP12 instance to be initialised
-	@param a FP4 to form first part of FP4
- */
-extern void FP12_from_FP4(FP12 *x,FP4 *a);
-/**	@brief Initialise FP12 from three FP4s
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance to be initialised
-	@param a FP4 to form first part of FP12
-	@param b FP4 to form second part of FP12
-	@param c FP4 to form third part of FP12
- */
-extern void FP12_from_FP4s(FP12 *x,FP4 *a,FP4* b,FP4 *c);
-/**	@brief Fast Squaring of an FP12 in "unitary" form
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance, on exit = y^2
-	@param y FP4 instance, must be unitary
- */
-extern void FP12_usqr(FP12 *x,FP12 *y);
-/**	@brief Squaring an FP12
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance, on exit = y^2
-	@param y FP12 instance
- */
-extern void FP12_sqr(FP12 *x,FP12 *y);
-/**	@brief Fast multiplication of an FP12 by an FP12 that arises from an ATE pairing line function
- *
-	Here the multiplier has a special form that can be exploited
-	@param x FP12 instance, on exit = x*y
-	@param y FP12 instance, of special form
- */
-extern void FP12_smul(FP12 *x,FP12 *y);
-/**	@brief Multiplication of two FP12s
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance, on exit = x*y
-	@param y FP12 instance, the multiplier
- */
-extern void FP12_mul(FP12 *x,FP12 *y);
-/**	@brief Inverting an FP12
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance, on exit = 1/y
-	@param y FP12 instance
- */
-extern void FP12_inv(FP12 *x,FP12 *y);
-/**	@brief Raises an FP12 to the power of a BIG
- *
-	@param r FP12 instance, on exit = y^b
-	@param x FP12 instance
-	@param b BIG number
- */
-extern void FP12_pow(FP12 *r,FP12 *x,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Raises an FP12 instance x to a small integer power, side-channel resistant
- *
-	@param x ECP instance, on exit = x^i
-	@param i small integer exponent
-	@param b maximum number of bits in exponent
- */
-extern void FP12_pinpow(FP12 *x,int i,int b);
-/**	@brief Calculate x[0]^b[0].x[1]^b[1].x[2]^b[2].x[3]^b[3], side-channel resistant
- *
-	@param r ECP instance, on exit = x[0]^b[0].x[1]^b[1].x[2]^b[2].x[3]^b[3]
-	@param x FP12 array with 4 FP12s
-	@param b BIG array of 4 exponents
- */
-extern void FP12_pow4(FP12 *r,FP12 *x,BIG *b);
-/**	@brief Raises an FP12 to the power of the internal modulus p, using the Frobenius
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance, on exit = x^p
-	@param f FP2 precalculated Frobenius constant
- */
-extern void FP12_frob(FP12 *x,FP2 *f);
-/**	@brief Reduces all components of possibly unreduced FP12 mod Modulus
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance, on exit reduced mod Modulus
- */
-extern void FP12_reduce(FP12 *x);
-/**	@brief Normalises the components of an FP12
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance to be normalised
- */
-extern void FP12_norm(FP12 *x);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an FP12 to the console
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance to be printed
- */
-extern void FP12_output(FP12 *x);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an FP12 instance to an octet string
- *
-	Serializes the components of an FP12 to big-endian base 256 form.
-	@param S output octet string
-	@param x FP12 instance to be converted to an octet string
- */
-extern void FP12_toOctet(octet *S,FP12 *x);
-/**	@brief Creates an FP12 instance from an octet string
- *
-	De-serializes the components of an FP12 to create an FP12 from big-endian base 256 components.
-	@param x FP12 instance to be created from an octet string
-	@param S input octet string
-
- */
-extern void FP12_fromOctet(FP12 *x,octet *S);
-/**	@brief Calculate the trace of an FP12
- *
-	@param t FP4 trace of x, on exit = tr(x)
-	@param x FP12 instance
-
- */
-extern void FP12_trace(FP4 *t,FP12 *x);
-
-
-
-/* Pairing function prototypes */
-/**	@brief Calculate Miller loop for Optimal ATE pairing e(P,Q)
- *
-	@param r FP12 result of the pairing calculation e(P,Q)
-	@param P ECP2 instance, an element of G2
-	@param Q ECP instance, an element of G1
-
- */
-extern void PAIR_ate(FP12 *r,ECP2 *P,ECP *Q);
-/**	@brief Calculate Miller loop for Optimal ATE double-pairing e(P,Q).e(R,S)
- *
-	Faster than calculating two separate pairings
-	@param r FP12 result of the pairing calculation e(P,Q).e(R,S), an element of GT
-	@param P ECP2 instance, an element of G2
-	@param Q ECP instance, an element of G1
-	@param R ECP2 instance, an element of G2
-	@param S ECP instance, an element of G1
- */
-extern void PAIR_double_ate(FP12 *r,ECP2 *P,ECP *Q,ECP2 *R,ECP *S);
-/**	@brief Final exponentiation of pairing, converts output of Miller loop to element in GT
- *
-	Here p is the internal modulus, and r is the group order
-	@param x FP12, on exit = x^((p^12-1)/r)
- */
-extern void PAIR_fexp(FP12 *x);
-/**	@brief Fast point multiplication of a member of the group G1 by a BIG number
- *
-	May exploit endomorphism for speed.
-	@param Q ECP member of G1.
-	@param b BIG multiplier
-
- */
-extern void PAIR_G1mul(ECP *Q,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Fast point multiplication of a member of the group G2 by a BIG number
- *
-	May exploit endomorphism for speed.
-	@param P ECP2 member of G1.
-	@param b BIG multiplier
-
- */
-extern void PAIR_G2mul(ECP2 *P,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Fast raising of a member of GT to a BIG power
- *
-	May exploit endomorphism for speed.
-	@param x FP12 member of GT.
-	@param b BIG exponent
-
- */
-extern void PAIR_GTpow(FP12 *x,BIG b);
-/**	@brief Tests FP12 for membership of GT
- *
-	@param x FP12 instance
-	@return 1 if x is in GT, else return 0
-
- */
-extern int PAIR_GTmember(FP12 *x);
-
-
-
-/* Finite Field Prototypes */
-/**	@brief Copy one FF element of given length to another
- *
-	@param x FF instance to be copied to, on exit = y
-	@param y FF instance to be copied from
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
-
- */
-extern void FF_copy(BIG *x,BIG *y,int n);
-/**	@brief Initialize an FF element of given length from a 32-bit integer m
- *
-	@param x FF instance to be copied to, on exit = m
-	@param m integer
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_init(BIG *x,sign32 m,int n);
-/**	@brief Set FF element of given size to zero
- *
-	@param x FF instance to be set to zero
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_zero(BIG *x,int n);
-/**	@brief Tests for FF element equal to zero
- *
-	@param x FF number to be tested
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
-	@return 1 if zero, else returns 0
- */
-extern int FF_iszilch(BIG *x,int n);
-/**	@brief  return parity of an FF, that is the least significant bit
- *
-	@param x FF number
-	@return 0 or 1
- */
-extern int FF_parity(BIG *x);
-/**	@brief  return least significant m bits of an FF
- *
-	@param x FF number
-	@param m number of bits to return. Assumed to be less than BASEBITS.
-	@return least significant n bits as an integer
- */
-extern int FF_lastbits(BIG *x,int m);
-/**	@brief Set FF element of given size to unity
- *
-	@param x FF instance to be set to unity
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_one(BIG *x,int n);
-/**	@brief Compares two FF numbers. Inputs must be normalised externally
- *
-	@param x first FF number to be compared
-	@param y second FF number to be compared
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
-	@return -1 is x<y, 0 if x=y, 1 if x>y
- */
-extern int FF_comp(BIG *x,BIG *y,int n);
-/**	@brief addition of two FFs
- *
-	@param x FF instance, on exit = y+z
-	@param y FF instance
-	@param z FF instance
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_add(BIG *x,BIG *y,BIG *z,int n);
-/**	@brief subtraction of two FFs
- *
-	@param x FF instance, on exit = y-z
-	@param y FF instance
-	@param z FF instance
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_sub(BIG *x,BIG *y,BIG *z,int n);
-/**	@brief increment an FF by an integer,and normalise
- *
-	@param x FF instance, on exit = x+m
-	@param m an integer to be added to x
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_inc(BIG *x,int m,int n);
-/**	@brief Decrement an FF by an integer,and normalise
- *
-	@param x FF instance, on exit = x-m
-	@param m an integer to be subtracted from x
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_dec(BIG *x,int m,int n);
-/**	@brief Normalises the components of an FF
- *
-	@param x FF instance to be normalised
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_norm(BIG *x,int n);
-/**	@brief Shift left an FF by 1 bit
- *
-	@param x FF instance to be shifted left
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_shl(BIG *x,int n);
-/**	@brief Shift right an FF by 1 bit
- *
-	@param x FF instance to be shifted right
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_shr(BIG *x,int n);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an FF to the console
- *
-	@param x FF instance to be printed
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_output(BIG *x,int n);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an FF to the console, in raw form
- *
- 	@param x FF instance to be printed
- 	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_rawoutput(BIG *x,int n);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an FF instance to an octet string
- *
-	Converts an FF to big-endian base 256 form.
-	@param S output octet string
-	@param x FF instance to be converted to an octet string
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_toOctet(octet *S,BIG *x,int n);
-/**	@brief Populates an FF instance from an octet string
- *
-	Creates FF from big-endian base 256 form.
-	@param x FF instance to be created from an octet string
-	@param S input octet string
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_fromOctet(BIG *x,octet *S,int n);
-/**	@brief Multiplication of two FFs
- *
-	Uses Karatsuba method internally
-	@param x FF instance, on exit = y*z
-	@param y FF instance
-	@param z FF instance
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_mul(BIG *x,BIG *y,BIG *z,int n);
-/**	@brief Reduce FF mod a modulus
- *
-	This is slow
-	@param x FF instance to be reduced mod m - on exit = x mod m
-	@param m FF modulus
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_mod(BIG *x,BIG *m,int n);
-/**	@brief Square an FF
- *
-	Uses Karatsuba method internally
-	@param x FF instance, on exit = y^2
-	@param y FF instance to be squared
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_sqr(BIG *x,BIG *y,int n);
-/**	@brief Reduces a double-length FF with respect to a given modulus
- *
-	This is slow
-	@param x FF instance, on exit = y mod z
-	@param y FF instance, of double length 2*n
-	@param z FF modulus
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_dmod(BIG *x,BIG *y,BIG *z,int n);
-/**	@brief Invert an FF mod a prime modulus
- *
-	@param x FF instance, on exit = 1/y mod z
-	@param y FF instance
-	@param z FF prime modulus
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_invmodp(BIG *x,BIG *y,BIG *z,int n);
-/**	@brief Create an FF from a random number generator
- *
-	@param x FF instance, on exit x is a random number of length n BIGs with most significant bit a 1
-	@param R an instance of a Cryptographically Secure Random Number Generator
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_random(BIG *x,csprng *R,int n);
-/**	@brief Create a random FF less than a given modulus from a random number generator
- *
-	@param x FF instance, on exit x is a random number < y
-	@param y FF instance, the modulus
-	@param R an instance of a Cryptographically Secure Random Number Generator
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_randomnum(BIG *x,BIG *y,csprng *R,int n);
-/**	@brief Calculate r=x^e mod m, side channel resistant
- *
-	@param r FF instance, on exit = x^e mod p
-	@param x FF instance
-	@param e FF exponent
-	@param m FF modulus
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_skpow(BIG *r,BIG *x,BIG * e,BIG *m,int n);
-/**	@brief Calculate r=x^e mod m, side channel resistant
- *
-	For short BIG exponent
-	@param r FF instance, on exit = x^e mod p
-	@param x FF instance
-	@param e BIG exponent
-	@param m FF modulus
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_skspow(BIG *r,BIG *x,BIG e,BIG *m,int n);
-/**	@brief Calculate r=x^e mod m
- *
-	For very short integer exponent
-	@param r FF instance, on exit = x^e mod p
-	@param x FF instance
-	@param e integer exponent
-	@param m FF modulus
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_power(BIG *r,BIG *x,int e,BIG *m,int n);
-/**	@brief Calculate r=x^e mod m
- *
-	@param r FF instance, on exit = x^e mod p
-	@param x FF instance
-	@param e FF exponent
-	@param m FF modulus
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_pow(BIG *r,BIG *x,BIG *e,BIG *m,int n);
-/**	@brief Test if an FF has factor in common with integer s
- *
-	@param x FF instance to be tested
-	@param s the supplied integer
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
-	@return 1 if gcd(x,s)!=1, else return 0
- */
-extern int FF_cfactor(BIG *x,sign32 s,int n);
-/**	@brief Test if an FF is prime
- *
-	Uses Miller-Rabin Method
-	@param x FF instance to be tested
-	@param R an instance of a Cryptographically Secure Random Number Generator
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
-	@return 1 if x is (almost certainly) prime, else return 0
- */
-extern int FF_prime(BIG *x,csprng *R,int n);
-/**	@brief Calculate r=x^e.y^f mod m
- *
-	@param r FF instance, on exit = x^e.y^f mod p
-	@param x FF instance
-	@param e BIG exponent
-	@param y FF instance
-	@param f BIG exponent
-	@param m FF modulus
-	@param n size of FF in BIGs
- */
-extern void FF_pow2(BIG *r,BIG *x,BIG e,BIG *y,BIG f,BIG *m,int n);
-
-
-/* Octet string handlers */
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an octet to the console in hex
- *
-	@param O Octet to be output
- */
-extern void OCT_output(octet *O);
-/**	@brief Formats and outputs an octet to the console as a character string
- *
-	@param O Octet to be output
- */
-extern void OCT_output_string(octet *O);
-/**	@brief Wipe clean an octet
- *
-	@param O Octet to be cleaned
- */
-extern void OCT_clear(octet *O);
-/**	@brief Compare two octets
- *
-	@param O first Octet to be compared
-	@param P second Octet to be compared
-	@return 1 if equal, else 0
- */
-extern int  OCT_comp(octet *O,octet *P);
-/**	@brief Compare first n bytes of two octets
- *
-	@param O first Octet to be compared
-	@param P second Octet to be compared
-	@param n number of bytes to compare
-	@return 1 if equal, else 0
- */
-extern int  OCT_ncomp(octet *O,octet *P,int n);
-/**	@brief Join from a C string to end of an octet
- *
-	Truncates if there is no room
-	@param O Octet to be written to
-	@param s zero terminated string to be joined to octet
- */
-extern void OCT_jstring(octet *O,char *s);
-/**	@brief Join bytes to end of an octet
- *
-	Truncates if there is no room
-	@param O Octet to be written to
-	@param s bytes to be joined to end of octet
-	@param n number of bytes to join
- */
-extern void OCT_jbytes(octet *O,char *s,int n);
-/**	@brief Join single byte to end of an octet, repeated n times
- *
-	Truncates if there is no room
-	@param O Octet to be written to
-	@param b byte to be joined to end of octet
-	@param n number of times b is to be joined
- */
-extern void OCT_jbyte(octet *O,int b,int n);
-/**	@brief Join one octet to the end of another
- *
-	Truncates if there is no room
-	@param O Octet to be written to
-	@param P Octet to be joined to the end of O
- */
-extern void OCT_joctet(octet *O,octet *P);
-/**	@brief XOR common bytes of a pair of Octets
- *
-	@param O Octet - on exit = O xor P
-	@param P Octet to be xored into O
- */
-extern void OCT_xor(octet *O,octet *P);
-/**	@brief reset Octet to zero length
- *
-	@param O Octet to be emptied
- */
-extern void OCT_empty(octet *O);
-/**	@brief Pad out an Octet to the given length
- *
-	Padding is done by inserting leading zeros, so abcd becomes 00abcd
-	@param O Octet to be padded
-	@param n new length of Octet
- */
-extern int OCT_pad(octet *O,int n);
-/**	@brief Convert an Octet to printable base64 number
- *
-	@param b zero terminated byte array to take base64 conversion
-	@param O Octet to be converted
- */
-extern void OCT_tobase64(char *b,octet *O);
-/**	@brief Populate an Octet from base64 number
- *
- 	@param O Octet to be populated
-	@param b zero terminated base64 string
-
- */
-extern void OCT_frombase64(octet *O,char *b);
-/**	@brief Copy one Octet into another
- *
- 	@param O Octet to be copied to
-	@param P Octet to be copied from
-
- */
-extern void OCT_copy(octet *O,octet *P);
-/**	@brief XOR every byte of an octet with input m
- *
- 	@param O Octet
-	@param m byte to be XORed with every byte of O
-
- */
-extern void OCT_xorbyte(octet *O,int m);
-/**	@brief Chops Octet into two, leaving first n bytes in O, moving the rest to P
- *
- 	@param O Octet to be chopped
-	@param P new Octet to be created
-	@param n number of bytes to chop off O
-
- */
-extern void OCT_chop(octet *O,octet *P,int n);
-/**	@brief Join n bytes of integer m to end of Octet O (big endian)
- *
-	Typically n is 4 for a 32-bit integer
- 	@param O Octet to be appended to
-	@param m integer to be appended to O
-	@param n number of bytes in m
-
- */
-extern void OCT_jint(octet *O,int m,int n);
-/**	@brief Create an Octet from bytes taken from a random number generator
- *
-	Truncates if there is no room
- 	@param O Octet to be populated
-	@param R an instance of a Cryptographically Secure Random Number Generator
-	@param n number of bytes to extracted from R
-
- */
-extern void OCT_rand(octet *O,csprng *R,int n);
-/**	@brief Shifts Octet left by n bytes
- *
-	Leftmost bytes disappear
- 	@param O Octet to be shifted
-	@param n number of bytes to shift
-
- */
-extern void OCT_shl(octet *O,int n);
-/**	@brief Convert a hex number to an Octet
- *
-	@param dst Octet
-	@param src Hex string to be converted
- */
-extern void OCT_fromHex(octet *dst,char *src);
-/**	@brief Convert an Octet to printable hex number
- *
-	@param dst hex value
-	@param src Octet to be converted
- */
-extern void OCT_toHex(octet *src,char *dst);
-/**	@brief Convert an Octet to string
- *
-	@param dst string value
-	@param src Octet to be converted
- */
-extern void OCT_toStr(octet *src,char *dst);
-
-
-
-/* Hash function */
-/**	@brief Initialise an instance of SHA256
- *
-	@param H an instance SHA256
- */
-extern void HASH256_init(hash256 *H);
-/**	@brief Add a byte to the hash
- *
-	@param H an instance SHA256
-	@param b byte to be included in hash
- */
-extern void HASH256_process(hash256 *H,int b);
-/**	@brief Generate 32-byte hash
- *
-	@param H an instance SHA256
-	@param h is the output 32-byte hash
- */
-extern void HASH256_hash(hash256 *H,char *h);
-
-
-/**	@brief Initialise an instance of SHA384
- *
-	@param H an instance SHA384
- */
-extern void HASH384_init(hash384 *H);
-/**	@brief Add a byte to the hash
- *
-	@param H an instance SHA384
-	@param b byte to be included in hash
- */
-extern void HASH384_process(hash384 *H,int b);
-/**	@brief Generate 48-byte hash
- *
-	@param H an instance SHA384
-	@param h is the output 48-byte hash
- */
-extern void HASH384_hash(hash384 *H,char *h);
-
-
-/**	@brief Initialise an instance of SHA512
- *
-	@param H an instance SHA512
- */
-extern void HASH512_init(hash512 *H);
-/**	@brief Add a byte to the hash
- *
-	@param H an instance SHA512
-	@param b byte to be included in hash
- */
-extern void HASH512_process(hash512 *H,int b);
-/**	@brief Generate 64-byte hash
- *
-	@param H an instance SHA512
-	@param h is the output 64-byte hash
- */
-extern void HASH512_hash(hash512 *H,char *h);
-
-
-/* AES functions */
-/**	@brief Reset AES mode or IV
- *
-	@param A an instance of the AMCL_AES
-	@param m is the new active mode of operation (ECB, CBC, OFB, CFB etc)
-	@param iv the new Initialisation Vector
- */
-extern void AES_reset(amcl_aes *A,int m,char *iv);
-/**	@brief Extract chaining vector from AMCL_AES instance
- *
-	@param A an instance of the AMCL_AES
-	@param f the extracted chaining vector
- */
-extern void AES_getreg(amcl_aes *A,char * f);
-/**	@brief Initialise an instance of AMCL_AES and its mode of operation
- *
-	@param A an instance AMCL_AES
-	@param m is the active mode of operation (ECB, CBC, OFB, CFB etc)
-	@param n is the key length in bytes, 16, 24 or 32
-	@param k the AES key as an array of 16 bytes
-	@param iv the Initialisation Vector
-	@return 0 for invalid n
- */
-extern int AES_init(amcl_aes *A,int m,int n,char *k,char *iv);
-/**	@brief Encrypt a single 16 byte block in ECB mode
- *
-	@param A an instance of the AMCL_AES
-	@param b is an array of 16 plaintext bytes, on exit becomes ciphertext
- */
-extern void AES_ecb_encrypt(amcl_aes *A,uchar * b);
-/**	@brief Decrypt a single 16 byte block in ECB mode
- *
-	@param A an instance of the AMCL_AES
-	@param b is an array of 16 cipherext bytes, on exit becomes plaintext
- */
-extern void AES_ecb_decrypt(amcl_aes *A,uchar * b);
-/**	@brief Encrypt a single 16 byte block in active mode
- *
-	@param A an instance of the AMCL_AES
-	@param b is an array o

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