[I] [Feature] [core] Support arbitrary time granularity for chain table delta computation [paimon]

["juntaozhang (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org>]

juntaozhang opened a new issue, #8184:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/issues/8184

   ### Search before asking
   
   - [x] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/paimon/issues) and found nothing similar.
   
   
   ### Motivation
   
     Users need chain tables with minute-level granularity for scenarios like:
     - IoT data ingestion with minute-level partitions
     - Real-time monitoring systems
     - Incremental processing with fine-grained time windows
   
     Example configuration:
   ```
     PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING, `hr_min` STRING)
     TBLPROPERTIES (
       'partition.timestamp-pattern' = '$dt $hr_min:00',
       'partition.timestamp-formatter' = 'yyyyMMdd HH:mm:ss',
       'chain-table.chain-partition-keys' = 'dt,hr_min'
     )
   ```
   or
   ```
     PARTITIONED BY (`dt` STRING, `hr` STRING, `min` STRING)
     TBLPROPERTIES (
       'partition.timestamp-pattern' = '$dt $hr:$min:00',
       'partition.timestamp-formatter' = 'yyyyMMdd HH:mm:ss',
       'chain-table.chain-partition-keys' = 'dt,hr_min'
     )
   ```
   
   ### Solution
   
   Introduce `ChainPartitionStepExtractor` to dynamically infer the time step from the `partition.timestamp-pattern` and `partition.timestamp-formatter` configuration.
   
   ### Anything else?
   
   _No response_
   
   ### Are you willing to submit a PR?
   
   - [x] I'm willing to submit a PR!


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