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Posted to commits@systemml.apache.org by lr...@apache.org on 2015/12/03 19:46:05 UTC

[34/78] [abbrv] [partial] incubator-systemml git commit: Move files to new package folder structure

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-systemml/blob/276d9257/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/recompile/Recompiler.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/recompile/Recompiler.java b/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/recompile/Recompiler.java
deleted file mode 100644
index b8e894e..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/recompile/Recompiler.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2126 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * (C) Copyright IBM Corp. 2010, 2015
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- * 
- */
-
-package com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.recompile;
-
-import java.io.BufferedReader;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.InputStreamReader;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-
-import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
-import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
-import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
-import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
-import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
-import org.apache.wink.json4j.JSONObject;
-
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.api.DMLScript;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.conf.ConfigurationManager;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.BinaryOp;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.DataGenOp;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.DataOp;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.FunctionOp;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.FunctionOp.FunctionType;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.Hop;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.Hop.DataGenMethod;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.Hop.DataOpTypes;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.Hop.FileFormatTypes;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.Hop.OpOp1;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.Hop.VisitStatus;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.HopsException;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.IndexingOp;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.LiteralOp;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.MemoTable;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.OptimizerUtils;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.ReorgOp;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.UnaryOp;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.rewrite.HopRewriteUtils;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.rewrite.ProgramRewriter;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.lops.CSVReBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.lops.DataGen;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.lops.Lop;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.lops.LopProperties.ExecType;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.lops.LopsException;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.lops.ReBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.lops.compile.Dag;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.parser.DMLProgram;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.parser.DMLTranslator;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.parser.DataExpression;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.parser.Expression.DataType;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.parser.Expression.ValueType;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.parser.ForStatementBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.parser.IfStatementBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.parser.Statement;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.parser.StatementBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.parser.WhileStatementBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.DMLRuntimeException;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.DMLUnsupportedOperationException;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.ForProgramBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.FunctionProgramBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.IfProgramBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.LocalVariableMap;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.ParForProgramBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.ProgramBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.WhileProgramBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.caching.MatrixObject;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.context.ExecutionContext;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.parfor.ProgramConverter;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.parfor.opt.OptTreeConverter;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.controlprogram.parfor.stat.InfrastructureAnalyzer;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.instructions.Instruction;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.instructions.InstructionUtils;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.instructions.MRJobInstruction;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.instructions.cp.Data;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.instructions.cp.FunctionCallCPInstruction;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.instructions.cp.IntObject;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.instructions.cp.ScalarObject;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.instructions.mr.RandInstruction;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.instructions.mr.SeqInstruction;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.matrix.MatrixCharacteristics;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.matrix.MatrixFormatMetaData;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.matrix.data.InputInfo;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.matrix.data.MatrixBlock;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.util.MapReduceTool;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.utils.Explain;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.utils.Explain.ExplainType;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.utils.JSONHelper;
-
-/**
- * Dynamic recompilation of hop dags to runtime instructions, which includes the 
- * following substeps:
- * 
- * (1) deep copy hop dag, (2) refresh matrix characteristics, (3) apply
- * dynamic rewrites, (4) refresh memory estimates, (5) construct lops (incl
- * operator selection), and (6) generate runtime program (incl piggybacking).  
- * 
- * 
- */
-public class Recompiler 
-{	
-	
-	private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(Recompiler.class.getName());
-	
-	//Max threshold for in-memory reblock of text input [in bytes]
-	//reason: single-threaded text read at 20MB/s, 1GB input -> 50s (should exploit parallelism)
-	//note that we scale this threshold up by the degree of available parallelism
-	private static final long CP_REBLOCK_THRESHOLD_SIZE = (long)1024*1024*1024; 
-	private static final long CP_CSV_REBLOCK_UNKNOWN_THRESHOLD_SIZE = (long)256*1024*1024;
-	private static final long CP_TRANSFORM_UNKNOWN_THRESHOLD_SIZE = (long)1024*1024*1024;
-	
-	//reused rewriter for dynamic rewrites during recompile
-	private static ProgramRewriter rewriter = new ProgramRewriter(false, true);
-	
-	/**
-	 * Re-initializes the recompiler according to the current optimizer flags.
-	 */
-	public static void reinitRecompiler()
-	{
-		rewriter = new ProgramRewriter(false, true);
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * A) Recompile basic program block hop DAG.  
-	 * 	
-	 * We support to basic types inplace or via deep copy. Deep copy is the default and is required 
-	 * in order to apply non-reversible rewrites. In-place is required in order to modify the existing
-	 * hops (e.g., for parfor pre-recompilation). 
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @param vars
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 * @throws LopsException
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	public static ArrayList<Instruction> recompileHopsDag( StatementBlock sb, ArrayList<Hop> hops, LocalVariableMap vars, RecompileStatus status, boolean inplace, long tid ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException, HopsException, LopsException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException
-	{
-		ArrayList<Instruction> newInst = null;
-
-		//need for synchronization as we do temp changes in shared hops/lops
-		//however, we create deep copies for most dags to allow for concurrent recompile
-		synchronized( hops ) 
-		{	
-			LOG.debug ("\n**************** Optimizer (Recompile) *************\nMemory Budget = " + 
-					   OptimizerUtils.toMB(OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget()) + " MB");
-	
-			// prepare hops dag for recompile
-			if( !inplace ){ 
-				// deep copy hop dag (for non-reversable rewrites)
-				hops = deepCopyHopsDag(hops);
-			}
-			else {
-				// clear existing lops
-				Hop.resetVisitStatus(hops);
-				for( Hop hopRoot : hops )
-					rClearLops( hopRoot );
-			}
-
-			// replace scalar reads with literals 
-			if( !inplace ) {
-				Hop.resetVisitStatus(hops);
-				for( Hop hopRoot : hops )
-					rReplaceLiterals( hopRoot, vars );
-			}
-			
-			// refresh matrix characteristics (update stats)			
-			Hop.resetVisitStatus(hops);
-			for( Hop hopRoot : hops )
-				rUpdateStatistics( hopRoot, vars );
-			
-			// dynamic hop rewrites
-			if( !inplace )
-				rewriter.rewriteHopDAGs( hops, null );
-			
-			// refresh memory estimates (based on updated stats,
-			// before: init memo table with propagated worst-case estimates,
-			// after: extract worst-case estimates from memo table 
-			Hop.resetVisitStatus(hops);
-			MemoTable memo = new MemoTable();
-			memo.init(hops, status);
-			Hop.resetVisitStatus(hops);
-			for( Hop hopRoot : hops )
-				hopRoot.refreshMemEstimates(memo); 
-			memo.extract(hops, status);
-			
-			// construct lops			
-			Dag<Lop> dag = new Dag<Lop>();
-			for( Hop hopRoot : hops ){
-				Lop lops = hopRoot.constructLops();
-				lops.addToDag(dag);	
-			}		
-			
-			// generate runtime instructions (incl piggybacking)
-			newInst = dag.getJobs(sb, ConfigurationManager.getConfig());	
-		}
-		
-		// replace thread ids in new instructions
-		if( tid != 0 ) //only in parfor context
-			newInst = ProgramConverter.createDeepCopyInstructionSet(newInst, tid, -1, null, null, null, false, false);
-		
-		// explain recompiled hops / instructions
-		if( DMLScript.EXPLAIN == ExplainType.RECOMPILE_HOPS ){
-			LOG.info("EXPLAIN RECOMPILE \nGENERIC (lines "+sb.getBeginLine()+"-"+sb.getEndLine()+"):\n" + 
-		    Explain.explainHops(hops, 1));
-		}
-		if( DMLScript.EXPLAIN == ExplainType.RECOMPILE_RUNTIME ){
-			LOG.info("EXPLAIN RECOMPILE \nGENERIC (lines "+sb.getBeginLine()+"-"+sb.getEndLine()+"):\n" + 
-		    Explain.explain(newInst, 1));
-		}
-	
-		return newInst;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * B) Recompile predicate hop DAG (single root): 
-	 * 
-	 * Note: This overloaded method is required for predicate instructions because
-	 * they have only a single hops DAG and we need to synchronize on the original 
-	 * (shared) hops object. Hence, we cannot create any wrapper arraylist for each
-	 * recompilation - this would result in race conditions for concurrent recompilation 
-	 * in a parfor body. 	
-	 * 
-	 * Note: no statementblock passed because for predicate dags we dont have separate live variable analysis information.
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @param vars
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 * @throws LopsException
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	public static ArrayList<Instruction> recompileHopsDag( Hop hops, LocalVariableMap vars, RecompileStatus status, boolean inplace, long tid ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException, HopsException, LopsException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException
-	{
-		ArrayList<Instruction> newInst = null;
-
-		//need for synchronization as we do temp changes in shared hops/lops
-		synchronized( hops ) 
-		{	
-			LOG.debug ("\n**************** Optimizer (Recompile) *************\nMemory Budget = " + 
-					   OptimizerUtils.toMB(OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget()) + " MB");
-
-			// prepare hops dag for recompile
-			if( !inplace ) {
-				// deep copy hop dag (for non-reversable rewrites)
-				//(this also clears existing lops in the created dag) 
-				hops = deepCopyHopsDag(hops);	
-			}
-			else {
-				// clear existing lops
-				hops.resetVisitStatus();
-				rClearLops( hops );	
-			}
-			
-			// replace scalar reads with literals 
-			if( !inplace ) {
-				hops.resetVisitStatus();
-				rReplaceLiterals( hops, vars );
-			}
-			
-			// refresh matrix characteristics (update stats)			
-			hops.resetVisitStatus();
-			rUpdateStatistics( hops, vars );
-			
-			// dynamic hop rewrites
-			if( !inplace )
-				rewriter.rewriteHopDAG( hops, null );
-			
-			// refresh memory estimates (based on updated stats)
-			MemoTable memo = new MemoTable();
-			hops.resetVisitStatus();
-			memo.init(hops, status);
-			hops.resetVisitStatus();
-			hops.refreshMemEstimates(memo); 		
-			
-			// construct lops			
-			Dag<Lop> dag = new Dag<Lop>();
-			Lop lops = hops.constructLops();
-			lops.addToDag(dag);		
-			
-			// generate runtime instructions (incl piggybacking)
-			newInst = dag.getJobs(null, ConfigurationManager.getConfig());
-		}
-		
-		// replace thread ids in new instructions
-		if( tid != 0 ) //only in parfor context
-			newInst = ProgramConverter.createDeepCopyInstructionSet(newInst, tid, -1, null, null, null, false, false);
-		
-		// explain recompiled instructions
-		if( DMLScript.EXPLAIN == ExplainType.RECOMPILE_HOPS )
-			LOG.info("EXPLAIN RECOMPILE \nPRED (line "+hops.getBeginLine()+"):\n" + Explain.explain(hops,1));
-		if( DMLScript.EXPLAIN == ExplainType.RECOMPILE_RUNTIME )
-			LOG.info("EXPLAIN RECOMPILE \nPRED (line "+hops.getBeginLine()+"):\n" + Explain.explain(newInst,1));
-		
-		return newInst;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * C) Recompile basic program block hop DAG, but forced to CP.  
-	 * 
-	 * This happens always 'inplace', without statistics updates, and 
-	 * without dynamic rewrites.
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @param tid
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 * @throws LopsException
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	public static ArrayList<Instruction> recompileHopsDag2Forced( StatementBlock sb, ArrayList<Hop> hops, long tid, ExecType et ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException, HopsException, LopsException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException
-	{
-		ArrayList<Instruction> newInst = null;
-		
-		//need for synchronization as we do temp changes in shared hops/lops
-		//however, we create deep copies for most dags to allow for concurrent recompile
-		synchronized( hops ) 
-		{	
-			LOG.debug ("\n**************** Optimizer (Recompile) *************\nMemory Budget = " + 
-					   OptimizerUtils.toMB(OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget()) + " MB");
-	
-			// clear existing lops
-			Hop.resetVisitStatus(hops);
-			for( Hop hopRoot : hops )
-				rClearLops( hopRoot );
-			
-			// update exec type
-			Hop.resetVisitStatus(hops);
-			for( Hop hopRoot : hops )
-				rSetExecType( hopRoot, et );
-			Hop.resetVisitStatus(hops);
-			
-			// construct lops			
-			Dag<Lop> dag = new Dag<Lop>();
-			for( Hop hopRoot : hops ){
-				Lop lops = hopRoot.constructLops();
-				lops.addToDag(dag);	
-			}		
-			
-			// generate runtime instructions (incl piggybacking)
-			newInst = dag.getJobs(sb, ConfigurationManager.getConfig());			
-		}
-		
-		// replace thread ids in new instructions
-		if( tid != 0 ) //only in parfor context
-			newInst = ProgramConverter.createDeepCopyInstructionSet(newInst, tid, -1, null, null, null, false, false);
-		
-		return newInst;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * D) Recompile predicate hop DAG (single root), but forced to CP. 
-	 * 
-	 * This happens always 'inplace', without statistics updates, and 
-	 * without dynamic rewrites.
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @param tid
-	 * @param et
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 * @throws LopsException
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	public static ArrayList<Instruction> recompileHopsDag2Forced( Hop hops, long tid, ExecType et ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException, HopsException, LopsException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException
-	{
-		ArrayList<Instruction> newInst = null;
-
-		//need for synchronization as we do temp changes in shared hops/lops
-		synchronized( hops ) 
-		{	
-			LOG.debug ("\n**************** Optimizer (Recompile) *************\nMemory Budget = " + 
-					   OptimizerUtils.toMB(OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget()) + " MB");
-
-			// clear existing lops
-			hops.resetVisitStatus();
-			rClearLops( hops );	
-			
-			// update exec type
-			hops.resetVisitStatus();
-			rSetExecType( hops, et );
-			hops.resetVisitStatus();
-			
-			// construct lops			
-			Dag<Lop> dag = new Dag<Lop>();
-			Lop lops = hops.constructLops();
-			lops.addToDag(dag);		
-			
-			// generate runtime instructions (incl piggybacking)
-			newInst = dag.getJobs(null, ConfigurationManager.getConfig());
-		}
-		
-		// replace thread ids in new instructions
-		if( tid != 0 ) //only in parfor context
-			newInst = ProgramConverter.createDeepCopyInstructionSet(newInst, tid, -1, null, null, null, false, false);
-		
-		return newInst;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param sb
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 * @throws LopsException
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	public static ArrayList<Instruction> recompileHopsDagInstructions( StatementBlock sb, ArrayList<Hop> hops ) 
-		throws HopsException, LopsException, DMLRuntimeException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException 
-	{
-		ArrayList<Instruction> newInst = null;
-
-		//need for synchronization as we do temp changes in shared hops/lops
-		//however, we create deep copies for most dags to allow for concurrent recompile
-		synchronized( hops ) 
-		{	
-			LOG.debug ("\n**************** Optimizer (Recompile) *************\nMemory Budget = " + 
-					   OptimizerUtils.toMB(OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget()) + " MB");
-	
-			// clear existing lops
-			Hop.resetVisitStatus(hops);
-			for( Hop hopRoot : hops )
-				rClearLops( hopRoot );
-			
-			// construct lops			
-			Dag<Lop> dag = new Dag<Lop>();
-			for( Hop hopRoot : hops ){
-				Lop lops = hopRoot.constructLops();
-				lops.addToDag(dag);	
-			}		
-			
-			// generate runtime instructions (incl piggybacking)
-			newInst = dag.getJobs(sb, ConfigurationManager.getConfig());	
-		}
-		
-		// explain recompiled hops / instructions
-		if( DMLScript.EXPLAIN == ExplainType.RECOMPILE_HOPS ){
-			LOG.info("EXPLAIN RECOMPILE \nGENERIC (lines "+sb.getBeginLine()+"-"+sb.getEndLine()+"):\n" + 
-		    Explain.explainHops(hops, 1));
-		}
-		if( DMLScript.EXPLAIN == ExplainType.RECOMPILE_RUNTIME ){
-			LOG.info("EXPLAIN RECOMPILE \nGENERIC (lines "+sb.getBeginLine()+"-"+sb.getEndLine()+"):\n" + 
-		    Explain.explain(newInst, 1));
-		}
-	
-		return newInst;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 * @throws LopsException
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	public static ArrayList<Instruction> recompileHopsDagInstructions( Hop hops ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException, HopsException, LopsException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException
-	{
-		ArrayList<Instruction> newInst = null;
-
-		//need for synchronization as we do temp changes in shared hops/lops
-		synchronized( hops ) 
-		{	
-			LOG.debug ("\n**************** Optimizer (Recompile) *************\nMemory Budget = " + 
-					   OptimizerUtils.toMB(OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget()) + " MB");
-
-			// clear existing lops
-			hops.resetVisitStatus();
-			rClearLops( hops );	
-
-			// construct lops			
-			Dag<Lop> dag = new Dag<Lop>();
-			Lop lops = hops.constructLops();
-			lops.addToDag(dag);		
-			
-			// generate runtime instructions (incl piggybacking)
-			newInst = dag.getJobs(null, ConfigurationManager.getConfig());
-		}
-
-		// explain recompiled instructions
-		if( DMLScript.EXPLAIN == ExplainType.RECOMPILE_HOPS )
-			LOG.info("EXPLAIN RECOMPILE \nPRED (line "+hops.getBeginLine()+"):\n" + Explain.explain(hops,1));
-		if( DMLScript.EXPLAIN == ExplainType.RECOMPILE_RUNTIME )
-			LOG.info("EXPLAIN RECOMPILE \nPRED (line "+hops.getBeginLine()+"):\n" + Explain.explain(newInst,1));
-		
-		return newInst;
-	}
-
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param pbs
-	 * @param vars
-	 * @param tid
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException 
-	 */
-	public static void recompileProgramBlockHierarchy( ArrayList<ProgramBlock> pbs, LocalVariableMap vars, long tid, boolean resetRecompile ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException
-	{
-		try 
-		{
-			RecompileStatus status = new RecompileStatus();
-			
-			synchronized( pbs )
-			{
-				for( ProgramBlock pb : pbs )
-					rRecompileProgramBlock(pb, vars, status, tid, resetRecompile);
-			}
-		}
-		catch(Exception ex)
-		{
-			throw new DMLRuntimeException("Unable to recompile program block hierarchy.", ex);
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Method to recompile program block hierarchy to forced execution time. This affects also
-	 * referenced functions and chains of functions. Use et==null in order to release the forced 
-	 * exec type.
-	 * 
-	 * @param pbs
-	 * @param tid
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 */
-	public static void recompileProgramBlockHierarchy2Forced( ArrayList<ProgramBlock> pbs, long tid, HashSet<String> fnStack, ExecType et ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException
-	{
-		try 
-		{
-			synchronized( pbs )
-			{
-				for( ProgramBlock pb : pbs )
-					rRecompileProgramBlock2Forced(pb, tid, fnStack, et);
-			}
-		}
-		catch(Exception ex)
-		{
-			throw new DMLRuntimeException("Unable to recompile program block hierarchy to CP.", ex);
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * This method does NO full program block recompile (no stats update, no rewrites, no recursion) but
-	 * only regenerates lops and instructions. The primary use case is recompilation after are hop configuration 
-	 * changes which allows to preserve statistics (e.g., propagated worst case stats from other program blocks)
-	 * and better performance for recompiling individual program blocks.  
-	 * 
-	 * @param pb
-	 * @throws IOException 
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException 
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException 
-	 * @throws LopsException 
-	 * @throws HopsException 
-	 */
-	public static void recompileProgramBlockInstructions(ProgramBlock pb) 
-		throws HopsException, LopsException, DMLRuntimeException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException
-	{
-		if( pb instanceof WhileProgramBlock )
-		{
-			//recompile while predicate instructions
-			WhileProgramBlock wpb = (WhileProgramBlock)pb;
-			WhileStatementBlock wsb = (WhileStatementBlock) pb.getStatementBlock();
-			if( wsb!=null && wsb.getPredicateHops()!=null )
-				wpb.setPredicate(recompileHopsDagInstructions(wsb.getPredicateHops()));
-		}
-		else if( pb instanceof IfProgramBlock )
-		{
-			//recompile if predicate instructions
-			IfProgramBlock ipb = (IfProgramBlock)pb;
-			IfStatementBlock isb = (IfStatementBlock) pb.getStatementBlock();
-			if( isb!=null && isb.getPredicateHops()!=null )
-				ipb.setPredicate(recompileHopsDagInstructions(isb.getPredicateHops()));
-		}
-		else if( pb instanceof ForProgramBlock )
-		{
-			//recompile for/parfor predicate instructions
-			ForProgramBlock fpb = (ForProgramBlock)pb;
-			ForStatementBlock fsb = (ForStatementBlock) pb.getStatementBlock();
-			if( fsb!=null && fsb.getFromHops()!=null )
-				fpb.setFromInstructions(recompileHopsDagInstructions(fsb.getFromHops()));
-			if( fsb!=null && fsb.getToHops()!=null )
-				fpb.setToInstructions(recompileHopsDagInstructions(fsb.getToHops()));
-			if( fsb!=null && fsb.getIncrementHops()!=null )
-				fpb.setIncrementInstructions(recompileHopsDagInstructions(fsb.getIncrementHops()));
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			//recompile last-level program block instructions
-			StatementBlock sb = pb.getStatementBlock();
-			if( sb!=null && sb.get_hops()!=null ) {
-				pb.setInstructions(recompileHopsDagInstructions(sb, sb.get_hops()));
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @return
-	 */
-	public static boolean requiresRecompilation( ArrayList<Hop> hops )
-	{
-		boolean ret = false;
-		
-		if( hops != null )
-		{
-			synchronized( hops )
-			{
-				Hop.resetVisitStatus(hops);
-				for( Hop hop : hops )
-				{
-					ret |= rRequiresRecompile(hop);
-					if( ret ) break; // early abort
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return ret;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @return
-	 */
-	public static boolean requiresRecompilation( Hop hop )
-	{
-		boolean ret = false;
-		
-		if( hop != null )
-		{
-			synchronized( hop )
-			{
-				hop.resetVisitStatus();
-				ret = rRequiresRecompile(hop);
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return ret;
-	}
-	
-
-	/**
-	 * Deep copy of hops dags for parallel recompilation.
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws CloneNotSupportedException
-	 */
-	public static ArrayList<Hop> deepCopyHopsDag( ArrayList<Hop> hops ) 
-		throws HopsException 
-	{
-		ArrayList<Hop> ret = new ArrayList<Hop>();
-		
-		try {
-			//note: need memo table over all independent DAGs in order to 
-			//account for shared transient reads (otherwise more instructions generated)
-			HashMap<Long, Hop> memo = new HashMap<Long, Hop>(); //orig ID, new clone
-			for( Hop hopRoot : hops )
-				ret.add(rDeepCopyHopsDag(hopRoot, memo));
-		}
-		catch(Exception ex)
-		{
-			throw new HopsException(ex);
-		}
-		
-		return ret;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Deep copy of hops dags for parallel recompilation.
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws CloneNotSupportedException
-	 */
-	public static Hop deepCopyHopsDag( Hop hops ) 
-		throws HopsException 
-	{
-		Hop ret = null;
-		
-		try {
-			HashMap<Long, Hop> memo = new HashMap<Long, Hop>(); //orig ID, new clone
-			ret = rDeepCopyHopsDag(hops, memo);
-		}
-		catch(Exception ex)
-		{
-			throw new HopsException(ex);
-		}
-		
-		return ret;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @param memo
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws CloneNotSupportedException
-	 */
-	private static Hop rDeepCopyHopsDag( Hop hops, HashMap<Long,Hop> memo ) 
-		throws CloneNotSupportedException
-	{
-		Hop ret = memo.get(hops.getHopID());
-	
-		//create clone if required 
-		if( ret == null ) 
-		{
-			ret = (Hop) hops.clone();
-			ArrayList<Hop> tmp = new ArrayList<Hop>();
-			
-			//create new childs
-			for( Hop in : hops.getInput() )
-			{
-				Hop newIn = rDeepCopyHopsDag(in, memo);
-				tmp.add(newIn);
-			}
-			//modify references of childs
-			for( Hop in : tmp )
-			{
-				ret.getInput().add(in);
-				in.getParent().add(ret);
-			}
-			
-			memo.put(hops.getHopID(), ret);
-		}
-		
-		return ret;
-	}
-	
-
-	public static void updateFunctionNames(ArrayList<Hop> hops, long pid) 
-	{
-		Hop.resetVisitStatus(hops);
-		for( Hop hopRoot : hops  )
-			rUpdateFunctionNames( hopRoot, pid );
-	}
-	
-	public static void rUpdateFunctionNames( Hop hop, long pid )
-	{
-		if( hop.getVisited() == VisitStatus.DONE )
-			return;
-		
-		//update function names
-		if( hop instanceof FunctionOp && ((FunctionOp)hop).getFunctionType() != FunctionType.MULTIRETURN_BUILTIN) {
-			FunctionOp fop = (FunctionOp) hop;
-			fop.setFunctionName( fop.getFunctionName() +
-					             ProgramConverter.CP_CHILD_THREAD + pid);
-		}
-		
-		if( hop.getInput() != null )
-			for( Hop c : hop.getInput() )
-				rUpdateFunctionNames(c, pid);
-		
-		hop.setVisited(VisitStatus.DONE);
-	}
-	
-	
-	//////////////////////////////
-	// private helper functions //
-	//////////////////////////////
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param pb
-	 * @param vars
-	 * @param tid
-	 * @throws IOException 
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException 
-	 * @throws LopsException 
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException 
-	 * @throws HopsException 
-	 */
-	private static void rRecompileProgramBlock( ProgramBlock pb, LocalVariableMap vars, RecompileStatus status, long tid, boolean resetRecompile ) 
-		throws HopsException, DMLRuntimeException, LopsException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException
-	{
-		if (pb instanceof WhileProgramBlock)
-		{
-			WhileProgramBlock wpb = (WhileProgramBlock)pb;
-			WhileStatementBlock wsb = (WhileStatementBlock) wpb.getStatementBlock();
-			//recompile predicate
-			recompileWhilePredicate(wpb, wsb, vars, status, tid, resetRecompile);
-			//remove updated scalars because in loop
-			removeUpdatedScalars(vars, wsb); 
-			//copy vars for later compare
-			LocalVariableMap oldVars = (LocalVariableMap) vars.clone();
-			RecompileStatus oldStatus = (RecompileStatus) status.clone();
-			for (ProgramBlock pb2 : wpb.getChildBlocks())
-				rRecompileProgramBlock(pb2, vars, status, tid, resetRecompile);
-			if( reconcileUpdatedCallVarsLoops(oldVars, vars, wsb) 
-				| reconcileUpdatedCallVarsLoops(oldStatus, status, wsb) ) {
-				//second pass with unknowns if required
-				recompileWhilePredicate(wpb, wsb, vars, status, tid, resetRecompile);
-				for (ProgramBlock pb2 : wpb.getChildBlocks())
-					rRecompileProgramBlock(pb2, vars, status, tid, resetRecompile);
-			}
-			removeUpdatedScalars(vars, wsb);
-		}
-		else if (pb instanceof IfProgramBlock)
-		{
-			IfProgramBlock ipb = (IfProgramBlock)pb;	
-			IfStatementBlock isb = (IfStatementBlock)ipb.getStatementBlock();
-			//recompile predicate
-			recompileIfPredicate(ipb, isb, vars, status, tid, resetRecompile);
-			//copy vars for later compare
-			LocalVariableMap oldVars = (LocalVariableMap) vars.clone();
-			LocalVariableMap varsElse = (LocalVariableMap) vars.clone();
-			RecompileStatus oldStatus = (RecompileStatus)status.clone();
-			RecompileStatus statusElse = (RecompileStatus)status.clone();
-			for( ProgramBlock pb2 : ipb.getChildBlocksIfBody() )
-				rRecompileProgramBlock(pb2, vars, status, tid, resetRecompile);
-			for( ProgramBlock pb2 : ipb.getChildBlocksElseBody() )
-				rRecompileProgramBlock(pb2, varsElse, statusElse, tid, resetRecompile);
-			reconcileUpdatedCallVarsIf(oldVars, vars, varsElse, isb);
-			reconcileUpdatedCallVarsIf(oldStatus, status, statusElse, isb);
-			removeUpdatedScalars(vars, ipb.getStatementBlock());
-		}
-		else if (pb instanceof ForProgramBlock) //includes ParFORProgramBlock
-		{ 
-			ForProgramBlock fpb = (ForProgramBlock)pb;	
-			ForStatementBlock fsb = (ForStatementBlock) fpb.getStatementBlock();
-			//recompile predicates
-			recompileForPredicates(fpb, fsb, vars, status, tid, resetRecompile);
-			//remove updated scalars because in loop
-			removeUpdatedScalars(vars, fpb.getStatementBlock()); 
-			//copy vars for later compare
-			LocalVariableMap oldVars = (LocalVariableMap) vars.clone();
-			RecompileStatus oldStatus = (RecompileStatus) status.clone();
-			for( ProgramBlock pb2 : fpb.getChildBlocks() )
-				rRecompileProgramBlock(pb2, vars, status, tid, resetRecompile);
-			if( reconcileUpdatedCallVarsLoops(oldVars, vars, fsb) 
-				| reconcileUpdatedCallVarsLoops(oldStatus, status, fsb)) {
-				//second pass with unknowns if required
-				recompileForPredicates(fpb, fsb, vars, status, tid, resetRecompile);
-				for( ProgramBlock pb2 : fpb.getChildBlocks() )
-					rRecompileProgramBlock(pb2, vars, status, tid, resetRecompile);		
-			}
-			removeUpdatedScalars(vars, fpb.getStatementBlock());
-		}		
-		else if (  pb instanceof FunctionProgramBlock ) //includes ExternalFunctionProgramBlock and ExternalFunctionProgramBlockCP
-		{
-			//do nothing
-		}
-		else 
-		{	
-			StatementBlock sb = pb.getStatementBlock();
-			ArrayList<Instruction> tmp = pb.getInstructions();
-
-			if(	sb != null //recompile all for stats propagation and recompile flags
-				//&& Recompiler.requiresRecompilation( sb.get_hops() ) 
-				/*&& !Recompiler.containsNonRecompileInstructions(tmp)*/ )
-			{
-				tmp = Recompiler.recompileHopsDag(sb, sb.get_hops(), vars, status, true, tid);
-				pb.setInstructions( tmp );
-				
-				//propagate stats across hops (should be executed on clone of vars)
-				Recompiler.extractDAGOutputStatistics(sb.get_hops(), vars);
-				
-				//reset recompilation flags (w/ special handling functions)
-				if(    ParForProgramBlock.RESET_RECOMPILATION_FLAGs 
-					&& !containsRootFunctionOp(sb.get_hops())  
-					&& resetRecompile ) 
-				{
-					Hop.resetRecompilationFlag(sb.get_hops(), ExecType.CP);
-					sb.updateRecompilationFlag();
-				}
-			}
-			
-		}
-		
-	}
-	
-
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param oldCallVars
-	 * @param callVars
-	 * @param sb
-	 * @return
-	 */
-	public static boolean reconcileUpdatedCallVarsLoops( LocalVariableMap oldCallVars, LocalVariableMap callVars, StatementBlock sb )
-	{
-		boolean requiresRecompile = false;
-		
-		//handle matrices
-		for( String varname : sb.variablesUpdated().getVariableNames() )
-		{
-			Data dat1 = oldCallVars.get(varname);
-			Data dat2 = callVars.get(varname);
-			if( dat1!=null && dat1 instanceof MatrixObject && dat2!=null && dat2 instanceof MatrixObject )
-			{
-				MatrixObject moOld = (MatrixObject) dat1;
-				MatrixObject mo = (MatrixObject) dat2;
-				MatrixCharacteristics mcOld = moOld.getMatrixCharacteristics();
-				MatrixCharacteristics mc = mo.getMatrixCharacteristics();
-				
-				if( mcOld.getRows() != mc.getRows() 
-					|| mcOld.getCols() != mc.getCols()
-					|| mcOld.getNonZeros() != mc.getNonZeros() )
-				{
-					long ldim1 = mc.getRows(), ldim2 = mc.getCols(), lnnz = mc.getNonZeros();
-					//handle row dimension change in body
-					if( mcOld.getRows() != mc.getRows() ) {
-						ldim1=-1; //unknown
-						requiresRecompile = true;
-					}
-					//handle column dimension change in body
-					if( mcOld.getCols() != mc.getCols() ) {
-						ldim2=-1; //unknown
-						requiresRecompile = true;
-					}
-					//handle sparsity change
-					if( mcOld.getNonZeros() != mc.getNonZeros() ) {
-						lnnz=-1; //unknown		
-						requiresRecompile = true;
-					}
-					
-					MatrixObject moNew = createOutputMatrix(ldim1, ldim2, lnnz);
-					callVars.put(varname, moNew);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return requiresRecompile;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param oldCallVars
-	 * @param callVars
-	 * @param sb
-	 * @return
-	 */
-	public static boolean reconcileUpdatedCallVarsLoops( RecompileStatus oldCallStatus, RecompileStatus callStatus, StatementBlock sb )
-	{
-		boolean requiresRecompile = false;
-		
-		//handle matrices
-		for( String varname : sb.variablesUpdated().getVariableNames() )
-		{
-			MatrixCharacteristics dat1 = oldCallStatus.getTWriteStats().get(varname);
-			MatrixCharacteristics dat2 = callStatus.getTWriteStats().get(varname);
-			if( dat1!=null  && dat2!=null  )
-			{
-				MatrixCharacteristics mcOld = dat1;
-				MatrixCharacteristics mc = dat2;
-				
-				if( mcOld.getRows() != mc.getRows() 
-					|| mcOld.getCols() != mc.getCols()
-					|| mcOld.getNonZeros() != mc.getNonZeros() )
-				{
-					long ldim1 = mc.getRows(), ldim2 = mc.getCols(), lnnz = mc.getNonZeros();
-					//handle row dimension change in body
-					if( mcOld.getRows() != mc.getRows() ) {
-						ldim1 = -1;
-						requiresRecompile = true;
-					}
-					//handle column dimension change in body
-					if( mcOld.getCols() != mc.getCols() ) {
-						ldim2 = -1;
-						requiresRecompile = true;
-					}
-					//handle sparsity change
-					if( mcOld.getNonZeros() != mc.getNonZeros() ) {
-						lnnz = -1;		
-						requiresRecompile = true;
-					}
-					
-					MatrixCharacteristics moNew = new MatrixCharacteristics(ldim1, ldim2, -1, -1, lnnz);
-					callStatus.getTWriteStats().put(varname, moNew);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return requiresRecompile;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param oldCallVars
-	 * @param callVarsIf
-	 * @param callVarsElse
-	 * @param sb
-	 * @return
-	 */
-	public static LocalVariableMap reconcileUpdatedCallVarsIf( LocalVariableMap oldCallVars, LocalVariableMap callVarsIf, LocalVariableMap callVarsElse, StatementBlock sb )
-	{
-		for( String varname : sb.variablesUpdated().getVariableNames() )
-		{	
-			Data origVar = oldCallVars.get(varname);
-			Data ifVar = callVarsIf.get(varname);
-			Data elseVar = callVarsElse.get(varname);
-			Data dat1 = null, dat2 = null;
-			
-			if( ifVar!=null && elseVar!=null ){ // both branches exists
-				dat1 = ifVar;
-				dat2 = elseVar;
-			}
-			else if( ifVar!=null && elseVar==null ){ //only if
-				dat1 = origVar;
-				dat2 = ifVar;
-			}
-			else { //only else
-				dat1 = origVar;
-				dat2 = elseVar;
-			}
-			
-			//compare size and value information (note: by definition both dat1 and dat2 are of same type
-			//because we do not allow data type changes)
-			if( dat1 != null && dat1 instanceof MatrixObject && dat2!=null )
-			{
-				//handle matrices
-				if( dat1 instanceof MatrixObject && dat2 instanceof MatrixObject )
-				{
-					MatrixObject moOld = (MatrixObject) dat1;
-					MatrixObject mo = (MatrixObject) dat2;
-					MatrixCharacteristics mcOld = moOld.getMatrixCharacteristics();
-					MatrixCharacteristics mc = mo.getMatrixCharacteristics();
-					
-					if( mcOld.getRows() != mc.getRows() 
-							|| mcOld.getCols() != mc.getCols()
-							|| mcOld.getNonZeros() != mc.getNonZeros() )
-					{
-						long ldim1 =mc.getRows(), ldim2=mc.getCols(), lnnz=mc.getNonZeros();
-						
-						//handle row dimension change
-						if( mcOld.getRows() != mc.getRows() ) {
-							ldim1 = -1; //unknown
-						}
-						if( mcOld.getCols() != mc.getCols() ) {
-							ldim2 = -1; //unknown
-						}
-						//handle sparsity change
-						if( mcOld.getNonZeros() != mc.getNonZeros() ) {
-							lnnz = -1; //unknown		
-						}
-						
-						MatrixObject moNew = createOutputMatrix(ldim1, ldim2, lnnz);
-						callVarsIf.put(varname, moNew);
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return callVarsIf;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param oldStatus
-	 * @param callStatusIf
-	 * @param callStatusElse
-	 * @param sb
-	 * @return
-	 */
-	public static RecompileStatus reconcileUpdatedCallVarsIf( RecompileStatus oldStatus, RecompileStatus callStatusIf, RecompileStatus callStatusElse, StatementBlock sb )
-	{
-		for( String varname : sb.variablesUpdated().getVariableNames() )
-		{	
-			MatrixCharacteristics origVar = oldStatus.getTWriteStats().get(varname);
-			MatrixCharacteristics ifVar = callStatusIf.getTWriteStats().get(varname);
-			MatrixCharacteristics elseVar = callStatusElse.getTWriteStats().get(varname);
-			MatrixCharacteristics dat1 = null, dat2 = null;
-			
-			if( ifVar!=null && elseVar!=null ){ // both branches exists
-				dat1 = ifVar;
-				dat2 = elseVar;
-			}
-			else if( ifVar!=null && elseVar==null ){ //only if
-				dat1 = origVar;
-				dat2 = ifVar;
-			}
-			else { //only else
-				dat1 = origVar;
-				dat2 = elseVar;
-			}
-			
-			//compare size and value information (note: by definition both dat1 and dat2 are of same type
-			//because we do not allow data type changes)
-			if( dat1 != null && dat2!=null )
-			{
-				MatrixCharacteristics mcOld = dat1;
-				MatrixCharacteristics mc = dat2;
-					
-				if( mcOld.getRows() != mc.getRows() 
-						|| mcOld.getCols() != mc.getCols()
-						|| mcOld.getNonZeros() != mc.getNonZeros() )
-				{
-					long ldim1 = (mcOld.getRows()>=0 && mc.getRows()>=0) ? 
-							Math.max( mcOld.getRows(), mc.getRows() ) : -1;
-					long ldim2 = (mcOld.getCols()>=0 && mc.getCols()>=0) ?
-							Math.max( mcOld.getCols(), mc.getCols() ) : -1;
-					long lnnz = (mcOld.getNonZeros()>=0 && mc.getNonZeros()>=0) ? 
-							Math.max( mcOld.getNonZeros(), mc.getNonZeros() ) : -1;	
-					
-					MatrixCharacteristics mcNew = new MatrixCharacteristics(ldim1, ldim2, -1, -1, lnnz);
-					callStatusIf.getTWriteStats().put(varname, mcNew);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return callStatusIf;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @return
-	 */
-	private static boolean containsRootFunctionOp( ArrayList<Hop> hops )
-	{
-		boolean ret = false;
-		for( Hop h : hops )
-			if( h instanceof FunctionOp )
-				ret |= true;
-		
-		return ret;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param dim1
-	 * @param dim2
-	 * @param nnz
-	 * @return
-	 */
-	private static MatrixObject createOutputMatrix( long dim1, long dim2, long nnz )
-	{
-		MatrixObject moOut = new MatrixObject(ValueType.DOUBLE, null);
-		MatrixCharacteristics mc = new MatrixCharacteristics( 
-									dim1, dim2,
-									DMLTranslator.DMLBlockSize, DMLTranslator.DMLBlockSize,
-									nnz);
-		MatrixFormatMetaData meta = new MatrixFormatMetaData(mc,null,null);
-		moOut.setMetaData(meta);
-		
-		return moOut;
-	}
-	
-	
-	//helper functions for predicate recompile
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param ipb
-	 * @param isb
-	 * @param vars
-	 * @param tid
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 * @throws LopsException
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	private static void recompileIfPredicate( IfProgramBlock ipb, IfStatementBlock isb, LocalVariableMap vars, RecompileStatus status, long tid, boolean resetRecompile ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException, HopsException, LopsException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException
-	{
-		if( isb != null )
-		{
-			Hop hops = isb.getPredicateHops();
-			if( hops != null ) {
-				ArrayList<Instruction> tmp = recompileHopsDag(hops, vars, status, true, tid);
-				ipb.setPredicate( tmp );
-				if( ParForProgramBlock.RESET_RECOMPILATION_FLAGs
-					&& resetRecompile ) 
-				{
-					Hop.resetRecompilationFlag(hops, ExecType.CP);
-					isb.updatePredicateRecompilationFlag();
-				}
-
-				//update predicate vars (potentially after constant folding, e.g., in parfor)
-				if( hops instanceof LiteralOp )
-					ipb.setPredicateResultVar(((LiteralOp)hops).getName().toLowerCase());
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param wpb
-	 * @param wsb
-	 * @param vars
-	 * @param tid
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 * @throws LopsException
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	private static void recompileWhilePredicate( WhileProgramBlock wpb, WhileStatementBlock wsb, LocalVariableMap vars, RecompileStatus status, long tid, boolean resetRecompile ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException, HopsException, LopsException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException
-	{
-		if( wsb != null )
-		{
-			Hop hops = wsb.getPredicateHops();
-			if( hops != null ) {
-				ArrayList<Instruction> tmp = recompileHopsDag(hops, vars, status, true, tid);
-				wpb.setPredicate( tmp );
-				if( ParForProgramBlock.RESET_RECOMPILATION_FLAGs 
-					&& resetRecompile ) 
-				{
-					Hop.resetRecompilationFlag(hops, ExecType.CP);
-					wsb.updatePredicateRecompilationFlag();
-				}
-				
-				//update predicate vars (potentially after constant folding, e.g., in parfor)
-				if( hops instanceof LiteralOp )
-					wpb.setPredicateResultVar(((LiteralOp)hops).getName().toLowerCase());
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param fpb
-	 * @param fsb
-	 * @param vars
-	 * @param tid
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 * @throws LopsException
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	private static void recompileForPredicates( ForProgramBlock fpb, ForStatementBlock fsb, LocalVariableMap vars, RecompileStatus status, long tid, boolean resetRecompile ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException, HopsException, LopsException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException
-	{
-		if( fsb != null )
-		{
-			Hop fromHops = fsb.getFromHops();
-			Hop toHops = fsb.getToHops();
-			Hop incrHops = fsb.getIncrementHops();
-			
-			//handle recompilation flags
-			if( ParForProgramBlock.RESET_RECOMPILATION_FLAGs 
-				&& resetRecompile ) 
-			{
-				if( fromHops != null ) {
-					ArrayList<Instruction> tmp = recompileHopsDag(fromHops, vars, status, true, tid);
-					fpb.setFromInstructions(tmp);
-					Hop.resetRecompilationFlag(fromHops,ExecType.CP);
-				}
-				if( toHops != null ) {
-					ArrayList<Instruction> tmp = recompileHopsDag(toHops, vars, status, true, tid);
-					fpb.setToInstructions(tmp);
-					Hop.resetRecompilationFlag(toHops,ExecType.CP);
-				}
-				if( incrHops != null ) {
-					ArrayList<Instruction> tmp = recompileHopsDag(incrHops, vars, status, true, tid);
-					fpb.setIncrementInstructions(tmp);
-					Hop.resetRecompilationFlag(incrHops,ExecType.CP);
-				}
-				fsb.updatePredicateRecompilationFlags();
-			}
-			else //no reset of recompilation flags
-			{
-				if( fromHops != null ) {
-					ArrayList<Instruction> tmp = recompileHopsDag(fromHops, vars, status, true, tid);
-					fpb.setFromInstructions(tmp);
-				}
-				if( toHops != null ) {
-					ArrayList<Instruction> tmp = recompileHopsDag(toHops, vars, status, true, tid);
-					fpb.setToInstructions(tmp);
-				}
-				if( incrHops != null ) {
-					ArrayList<Instruction> tmp = recompileHopsDag(incrHops, vars, status, true, tid);
-					fpb.setIncrementInstructions(tmp);
-				}
-			}
-			
-			//update predicate vars (potentially after constant folding, e.g., in parfor)
-			String[] itervars = fpb.getIterablePredicateVars();
-			if( fromHops != null && fromHops instanceof LiteralOp )
-				itervars[1] = ((LiteralOp)fromHops).getName();
-			if( toHops != null && toHops instanceof LiteralOp )
-				itervars[2] = ((LiteralOp)toHops).getName();
-			if( incrHops != null && incrHops instanceof LiteralOp )
-				itervars[3] = ((LiteralOp)incrHops).getName();	
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param pb
-	 * @param tid
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 * @throws LopsException
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	private static void rRecompileProgramBlock2Forced( ProgramBlock pb, long tid, HashSet<String> fnStack, ExecType et ) 
-		throws HopsException, DMLRuntimeException, LopsException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException
-	{
-		if (pb instanceof WhileProgramBlock)
-		{
-			WhileProgramBlock pbTmp = (WhileProgramBlock)pb;
-			WhileStatementBlock sbTmp = (WhileStatementBlock)pbTmp.getStatementBlock();
-			//recompile predicate
-			if(	sbTmp!=null && !(et==ExecType.CP && !OptTreeConverter.containsMRJobInstruction(pbTmp.getPredicate(), true, true)) )			
-				pbTmp.setPredicate( Recompiler.recompileHopsDag2Forced(sbTmp.getPredicateHops(), tid, et) );
-			
-			//recompile body
-			for (ProgramBlock pb2 : pbTmp.getChildBlocks())
-				rRecompileProgramBlock2Forced(pb2, tid, fnStack, et);
-		}
-		else if (pb instanceof IfProgramBlock)
-		{
-			IfProgramBlock pbTmp = (IfProgramBlock)pb;	
-			IfStatementBlock sbTmp = (IfStatementBlock)pbTmp.getStatementBlock();
-			//recompile predicate
-			if( sbTmp!=null &&!(et==ExecType.CP && !OptTreeConverter.containsMRJobInstruction(pbTmp.getPredicate(), true, true)) )			
-				pbTmp.setPredicate( Recompiler.recompileHopsDag2Forced(sbTmp.getPredicateHops(), tid, et) );				
-			//recompile body
-			for( ProgramBlock pb2 : pbTmp.getChildBlocksIfBody() )
-				rRecompileProgramBlock2Forced(pb2, tid, fnStack, et);
-			for( ProgramBlock pb2 : pbTmp.getChildBlocksElseBody() )
-				rRecompileProgramBlock2Forced(pb2, tid, fnStack, et);
-		}
-		else if (pb instanceof ForProgramBlock) //includes ParFORProgramBlock
-		{ 
-			ForProgramBlock pbTmp = (ForProgramBlock)pb;	
-			ForStatementBlock sbTmp = (ForStatementBlock) pbTmp.getStatementBlock();
-			//recompile predicate
-			if( sbTmp!=null &&!(et==ExecType.CP && !OptTreeConverter.containsMRJobInstruction(pbTmp.getFromInstructions(), true, true)) )			
-				pbTmp.setFromInstructions( Recompiler.recompileHopsDag2Forced(sbTmp.getFromHops(), tid, et) );				
-			if( sbTmp!=null &&!(et==ExecType.CP && !OptTreeConverter.containsMRJobInstruction(pbTmp.getToInstructions(), true, true)) )			
-				pbTmp.setToInstructions( Recompiler.recompileHopsDag2Forced(sbTmp.getToHops(), tid, et) );				
-			if( sbTmp!=null &&!(et==ExecType.CP && !OptTreeConverter.containsMRJobInstruction(pbTmp.getIncrementInstructions(), true, true)) )			
-				pbTmp.setIncrementInstructions( Recompiler.recompileHopsDag2Forced(sbTmp.getIncrementHops(), tid, et) );				
-			//recompile body
-			for( ProgramBlock pb2 : pbTmp.getChildBlocks() )
-				rRecompileProgramBlock2Forced(pb2, tid, fnStack, et);
-		}		
-		else if (  pb instanceof FunctionProgramBlock )//includes ExternalFunctionProgramBlock and ExternalFunctionProgramBlockCP
-		{
-			FunctionProgramBlock tmp = (FunctionProgramBlock)pb;
-			for( ProgramBlock pb2 : tmp.getChildBlocks() )
-				rRecompileProgramBlock2Forced(pb2, tid, fnStack, et);
-		}
-		else 
-		{	
-			StatementBlock sb = pb.getStatementBlock();
-			
-			//recompile hops dag to CP (opt: don't recompile if CP and no MR inst)
-			if(	sb != null && !(et==ExecType.CP && !OptTreeConverter.containsMRJobInstruction(pb, true, true)) )
-			{
-				ArrayList<Instruction> tmp = pb.getInstructions();
-				tmp = Recompiler.recompileHopsDag2Forced(sb, sb.get_hops(), tid, et);
-				pb.setInstructions( tmp );
-			}
-			
-			//recompile functions
-			if( OptTreeConverter.containsFunctionCallInstruction(pb) )
-			{
-				ArrayList<Instruction> tmp = pb.getInstructions();
-				for( Instruction inst : tmp )
-					if( inst instanceof FunctionCallCPInstruction )
-					{
-						FunctionCallCPInstruction func = (FunctionCallCPInstruction)inst;
-						String fname = func.getFunctionName();
-						String fnamespace = func.getNamespace();
-						String fKey = DMLProgram.constructFunctionKey(fnamespace, fname);
-						
-						if( !fnStack.contains(fKey) ) //memoization for multiple calls, recursion
-						{
-							fnStack.add(fKey);
-							
-							FunctionProgramBlock fpb = pb.getProgram().getFunctionProgramBlock(fnamespace, fname);
-							rRecompileProgramBlock2Forced(fpb, tid, fnStack, et); //recompile chains of functions
-						}
-					}
-			}
-		}
-		
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param callVars
-	 * @param sb
-	 */
-	public static void removeUpdatedScalars( LocalVariableMap callVars, StatementBlock sb )
-	{
-		if( sb != null )
-		{
-			//remove update scalar variables from constants
-			for( String varname : sb.variablesUpdated().getVariables().keySet() )
-			{
-				Data dat = callVars.get(varname);
-				if( dat != null && dat.getDataType() == DataType.SCALAR )
-				{
-					callVars.remove(varname);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @param vars
-	 */
-	public static void extractDAGOutputStatistics(ArrayList<Hop> hops, LocalVariableMap vars)
-	{
-		extractDAGOutputStatistics(hops, vars, true);
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hops
-	 * @param vars
-	 */
-	public static void extractDAGOutputStatistics(ArrayList<Hop> hops, LocalVariableMap vars, boolean overwrite)
-	{
-		for( Hop hop : hops ) //for all hop roots
-			extractDAGOutputStatistics(hop, vars, overwrite);
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hop
-	 * @param vars
-	 */
-	public static void extractDAGOutputStatistics(Hop hop, LocalVariableMap vars)
-	{
-		extractDAGOutputStatistics(hop, vars, true);
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hop
-	 * @param vars
-	 * @param overwrite
-	 */
-	public static void extractDAGOutputStatistics(Hop hop, LocalVariableMap vars, boolean overwrite)
-	{
-		if(    hop instanceof DataOp && ((DataOp)hop).getDataOpType()==DataOpTypes.TRANSIENTWRITE ) //for all writes to symbol table
-			//&& hop.getDim1()>0 && hop.getDim2()>0  ) //matrix with known dims 
-		{
-			String varName = hop.getName();
-			if( !vars.keySet().contains(varName) || overwrite ) //not existing so far
-			{
-				//extract matrix sizes for size propagation
-				if( hop.getDataType()==DataType.MATRIX )
-				{
-					MatrixObject mo = new MatrixObject(ValueType.DOUBLE, null);
-					MatrixCharacteristics mc = new MatrixCharacteristics( 
-												hop.getDim1(), hop.getDim2(), 
-												DMLTranslator.DMLBlockSize, DMLTranslator.DMLBlockSize,
-												hop.getNnz());
-					MatrixFormatMetaData meta = new MatrixFormatMetaData(mc,null,null);
-					mo.setMetaData(meta);	
-					vars.put(varName, mo);
-				}
-				//extract scalar constants for second constant propagation
-				else if( hop.getDataType()==DataType.SCALAR )
-				{
-					//extract literal assignments
-					if( hop.getInput().size()==1 && hop.getInput().get(0) instanceof LiteralOp )
-					{
-						ScalarObject constant = HopRewriteUtils.getScalarObject((LiteralOp)hop.getInput().get(0));
-						if( constant!=null )
-							vars.put(varName, constant);
-					}
-					//extract constant variable assignments
-					else if( hop.getInput().size()==1 && hop.getInput().get(0) instanceof DataOp)
-					{
-						DataOp dop = (DataOp) hop.getInput().get(0);
-						String dopvarname = dop.getName();
-						if( dop.isRead() && vars.keySet().contains(dopvarname) )
-						{
-							ScalarObject constant = (ScalarObject) vars.get(dopvarname);
-							vars.put(varName, constant); //no clone because constant
-						}
-					}
-					//extract ncol/nrow variable assignments
-					else if( hop.getInput().size()==1 && hop.getInput().get(0) instanceof UnaryOp
-							&& (((UnaryOp)hop.getInput().get(0)).getOp()==OpOp1.NROW ||
-							    ((UnaryOp)hop.getInput().get(0)).getOp()==OpOp1.NCOL)   )
-					{
-						UnaryOp uop = (UnaryOp) hop.getInput().get(0);
-						if( uop.getOp()==OpOp1.NROW && uop.getInput().get(0).getDim1()>0 )
-							vars.put(varName, new IntObject(uop.getInput().get(0).getDim1()));
-						else if( uop.getOp()==OpOp1.NCOL && uop.getInput().get(0).getDim2()>0 )
-							vars.put(varName, new IntObject(uop.getInput().get(0).getDim2()));
-					}
-					//remove other updated scalars
-					else
-					{
-						//we need to remove other updated scalars in order to ensure result
-						//correctness of recompilation w/o being too conservative
-						vars.remove(varName);
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			else //already existing: take largest   
-			{
-				Data dat = vars.get(varName);
-				if( dat instanceof MatrixObject )
-				{
-					MatrixObject mo = (MatrixObject)dat;
-					MatrixCharacteristics mc = mo.getMatrixCharacteristics();
-					if( OptimizerUtils.estimateSizeExactSparsity(mc.getRows(), mc.getCols(), (mc.getNonZeros()>=0)?((double)mc.getNonZeros())/mc.getRows()/mc.getCols():1.0)	
-					    < OptimizerUtils.estimateSize(hop.getDim1(), hop.getDim2()) )
-					{
-						//update statistics if necessary
-						mc.setDimension(hop.getDim1(), hop.getDim2());
-						mc.setNonZeros(hop.getNnz());
-					}
-				}
-				else //scalar (just overwrite)
-				{
-					if( hop.getInput().size()==1 && hop.getInput().get(0) instanceof LiteralOp )
-					{
-						ScalarObject constant = HopRewriteUtils.getScalarObject((LiteralOp)hop.getInput().get(0));
-						if( constant!=null )
-							vars.put(varName, constant);
-					}
-				}
-				
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * NOTE: no need for update visit status due to early abort
-	 * 
-	 * @param hop
-	 * @return
-	 */
-	private static boolean rRequiresRecompile( Hop hop )
-	{	
-		boolean ret = hop.requiresRecompile();
-		if( hop.getVisited() == VisitStatus.DONE )
-			return ret;
-		
-		if( hop.getInput() != null )
-			for( Hop c : hop.getInput() )
-			{
-				ret |= rRequiresRecompile(c);
-				if( ret ) break; // early abort
-			}
-		
-		hop.setVisited(VisitStatus.DONE);
-		
-		return ret;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Clearing lops for a given hops includes to (1) remove the reference
-	 * to constructed lops and (2) clear the exec type (for consistency). 
-	 * 
-	 * The latter is important for advanced optimizers like parfor; otherwise subtle
-	 * side-effects of program recompilation and hop-lop rewrites possible
-	 * (e.g., see indexingop hop-lop rewrite in combination parfor rewrite set
-	 * exec type that eventuelly might lead to unnecessary remote_parfor jobs).
-	 * 
-	 * @param hop
-	 */
-	public static void rClearLops( Hop hop )
-	{
-		if( hop.getVisited() == VisitStatus.DONE )
-			return;
-		
-		//clear all relevant lops to allow for recompilation
-		if( hop instanceof LiteralOp )
-		{
-			//for literal ops, we just clear parents because always constant
-			if( hop.getLops() != null )
-				hop.getLops().getOutputs().clear();	
-		}
-		else //GENERAL CASE
-		{
-			hop.resetExecType(); //remove exec type
-			hop.setLops(null); //clear lops
-			if( hop.getInput() != null )
-				for( Hop c : hop.getInput() )
-					rClearLops(c);
-		}
-		
-		hop.setVisited(VisitStatus.DONE);
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hop
-	 * @param vars
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 */
-	public static void rUpdateStatistics( Hop hop, LocalVariableMap vars ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException
-	{
-		if( hop.getVisited() == VisitStatus.DONE )
-			return;
-
-		//recursively process children
-		if( hop.getInput() != null )
-			for( Hop c : hop.getInput() )
-				rUpdateStatistics(c, vars);	
-		
-		boolean updatedSizeExpr = false;
-		
-		//update statistics for transient reads according to current statistics
-		//(with awareness not to override persistent reads to an existing name)
-		if(     hop instanceof DataOp 
-			&& ((DataOp)hop).getDataOpType() != DataOpTypes.PERSISTENTREAD )
-		{
-			DataOp d = (DataOp) hop;
-			String varName = d.getName();
-			if( vars.keySet().contains( varName ) )
-			{
-				Data dat = vars.get(varName);
-				if( dat instanceof MatrixObject )
-				{
-					MatrixObject mo = (MatrixObject) dat;
-					d.setDim1(mo.getNumRows());
-					d.setDim2(mo.getNumColumns());
-					d.setNnz(mo.getNnz());
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		//special case for persistent reads with unknown size (read-after-write)
-		else if( hop instanceof DataOp 
-				&& ((DataOp)hop).getDataOpType() == DataOpTypes.PERSISTENTREAD
-				&& !hop.dimsKnown() && ((DataOp)hop).getInputFormatType()!=FileFormatTypes.CSV )
-		{
-			//update hop with read meta data
-			DataOp dop = (DataOp) hop; 
-			tryReadMetaDataFileMatrixCharacteristics(dop);
-		}
-		//update size expression for rand/seq according to symbol table entries
-		else if ( hop instanceof DataGenOp )
-		{
-			DataGenOp d = (DataGenOp) hop;
-			HashMap<String,Integer> params = d.getParamIndexMap();
-			if (   d.getOp() == DataGenMethod.RAND || d.getOp()==DataGenMethod.SINIT 
-				|| d.getOp() == DataGenMethod.SAMPLE ) 
-			{
-				boolean initUnknown = !d.dimsKnown();
-				int ix1 = params.get(DataExpression.RAND_ROWS);
-				int ix2 = params.get(DataExpression.RAND_COLS);
-				//update rows/cols by evaluating simple expression of literals, nrow, ncol, scalars, binaryops
-				d.refreshRowsParameterInformation(d.getInput().get(ix1), vars);
-				d.refreshColsParameterInformation(d.getInput().get(ix2), vars);
-				updatedSizeExpr = initUnknown & d.dimsKnown();
-			} 
-			else if ( d.getOp() == DataGenMethod.SEQ ) 
-			{
-				boolean initUnknown = !d.dimsKnown();
-				int ix1 = params.get(Statement.SEQ_FROM);
-				int ix2 = params.get(Statement.SEQ_TO);
-				int ix3 = params.get(Statement.SEQ_INCR);
-				double from = d.computeBoundsInformation(d.getInput().get(ix1), vars);
-				double to = d.computeBoundsInformation(d.getInput().get(ix2), vars);
-				double incr = d.computeBoundsInformation(d.getInput().get(ix3), vars);
-				
-				//special case increment 
-				Hop input3 = d.getInput().get(ix3);
-				if ( input3 instanceof BinaryOp && ((BinaryOp)input3).getOp() == Hop.OpOp2.SEQINCR 
-					&& from!=Double.MAX_VALUE && to!=Double.MAX_VALUE ) 
-				{
-					incr =( from >= to )? -1.0 : 1.0;
-				}
-				
-				if ( from!=Double.MAX_VALUE && to!=Double.MAX_VALUE && incr!=Double.MAX_VALUE ) {
-					d.setDim1( 1 + (long)Math.floor((to-from)/incr) );
-					d.setDim2( 1 );
-					d.setIncrementValue( incr );
-				}
-				updatedSizeExpr = initUnknown & d.dimsKnown();
-			}
-			else {
-				throw new DMLRuntimeException("Unexpected data generation method: " + d.getOp());
-			}
-		}
-		//update size expression for reshape according to symbol table entries
-		else if (    hop instanceof ReorgOp 
-				 && ((ReorgOp)(hop)).getOp()==Hop.ReOrgOp.RESHAPE )
-		{
-			ReorgOp d = (ReorgOp) hop;
-			boolean initUnknown = !d.dimsKnown();
-			d.refreshRowsParameterInformation(d.getInput().get(1), vars);
-			d.refreshColsParameterInformation(d.getInput().get(2), vars);
-			updatedSizeExpr = initUnknown & d.dimsKnown();
-		}
-		//update size expression for indexing according to symbol table entries
-		else if( hop instanceof IndexingOp )
-		{
-			IndexingOp iop = (IndexingOp)hop;
-			Hop input2 = iop.getInput().get(1); //inpRowL
-			Hop input3 = iop.getInput().get(2); //inpRowU
-			Hop input4 = iop.getInput().get(3); //inpColL
-			Hop input5 = iop.getInput().get(4); //inpColU
-			boolean initUnknown = !iop.dimsKnown();
-			double rl = iop.computeBoundsInformation(input2, vars);
-			double ru = iop.computeBoundsInformation(input3, vars);
-			double cl = iop.computeBoundsInformation(input4, vars);
-			double cu = iop.computeBoundsInformation(input5, vars);
-			if( rl!=Double.MAX_VALUE && ru!=Double.MAX_VALUE )
-				iop.setDim1( (long)(ru-rl+1) );
-			if( cl!=Double.MAX_VALUE && cu!=Double.MAX_VALUE )
-				iop.setDim2( (long)(cu-cl+1) );
-			updatedSizeExpr = initUnknown & iop.dimsKnown();
-		}
-		
-		//propagate statistics along inner nodes of DAG,
-		//without overwriting inferred size expressions
-		if( !updatedSizeExpr ) {
-			hop.refreshSizeInformation();
-		}
-		
-		hop.setVisited(VisitStatus.DONE);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * public interface to package local literal replacement
-	 * 
-	 * @param hop
-	 * @param vars
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 */
-	public static void rReplaceLiterals( Hop hop, LocalVariableMap vars ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException
-	{
-		//public interface 
-		LiteralReplacement.rReplaceLiterals(hop, vars);
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hop
-	 * @param pid
-	 */
-	public static void rSetExecType( Hop hop, ExecType etype )
-	{
-		if( hop.getVisited() == VisitStatus.DONE )
-			return;
-		
-		//update function names
-		hop.setForcedExecType(etype);
-		
-		if( hop.getInput() != null )
-			for( Hop c : hop.getInput() )
-				rSetExecType(c, etype);
-		
-		hop.setVisited(VisitStatus.DONE);
-	}
-	
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns true iff (1) all instruction are reblock instructions and (2) all
-	 * individual reblock operations fit in the current memory budget.
-	 * 
-	 * @param inst
-	 * @param pb
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException 
-	 * @throws IOException 
-	 */
-	public static boolean checkCPReblock(MRJobInstruction inst, MatrixObject[] inputs) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException, IOException 
-	{
-		boolean ret = true;
-		
-		boolean localMode = InfrastructureAnalyzer.isLocalMode();
-		
-		//check only shuffle inst
-		String rdInst = inst.getIv_randInstructions();
-		String rrInst = inst.getIv_recordReaderInstructions();
-		String mapInst = inst.getIv_instructionsInMapper();
-		String aggInst = inst.getIv_aggInstructions();
-		String otherInst = inst.getIv_otherInstructions();
-		if(    (rdInst != null && rdInst.length()>0)
-			|| (rrInst != null && rrInst.length()>0)
-			|| (mapInst != null && mapInst.length()>0)
-			|| (aggInst != null && aggInst.length()>0)
-			|| (otherInst != null && otherInst.length()>0)  )
-		{
-			ret = false;
-		}
-		
-		//check only reblock inst
-		if( ret ) {
-			String shuffleInst = inst.getIv_shuffleInstructions();
-			String[] instParts = shuffleInst.split( Lop.INSTRUCTION_DELIMITOR );
-			for( String rblk : instParts )
-				if(    !InstructionUtils.getOpCode(rblk).equals(ReBlock.OPCODE) 
-					&& !InstructionUtils.getOpCode(rblk).equals(CSVReBlock.OPCODE) )
-				{
-					ret = false;
-					break;
-				}
-		}
-		
-		//check output empty blocks (for outputEmptyBlocks=false, a CP reblock can be 
-		//counter-productive because any export from CP would reintroduce the empty blocks)
-		if( ret ){
-			String shuffleInst = inst.getIv_shuffleInstructions();
-			String[] instParts = shuffleInst.split( Lop.INSTRUCTION_DELIMITOR );
-			for( String rblk : instParts )
-				if(    InstructionUtils.getOpCode(rblk).equals(ReBlock.OPCODE) 
-				    && rblk.endsWith("false") ) //no output of empty blocks
-				{
-					ret = false;
-					break;
-				}
-		}
-		
-		//check recompile memory budget
-		if( ret ) {
-			for( MatrixObject mo : inputs )
-			{
-				long rows = mo.getNumRows();
-				long cols = mo.getNumColumns();
-				
-				// If the dimensions are unknown then reblock can not be recompiled into CP
-				// Note: unknown dimensions at this point can only happen for CSV files.
-				// however, we do a conservative check with the CSV filesize
-				if ( rows == -1 || cols == -1 ) 
-				{
-					Path path = new Path(mo.getFileName());
-					long size = MapReduceTool.getFilesizeOnHDFS(path);
-					if( size > CP_CSV_REBLOCK_UNKNOWN_THRESHOLD_SIZE || CP_CSV_REBLOCK_UNKNOWN_THRESHOLD_SIZE > OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget() )
-					{
-						ret = false;
-						break;
-					}			
-				}
-				//default case (known dimensions)
-				else
-				{
-					long nnz = mo.getNnz();
-					double sp = OptimizerUtils.getSparsity(rows, cols, nnz);
-					double mem = MatrixBlock.estimateSizeInMemory(rows, cols, sp);			
-					if(    !OptimizerUtils.isValidCPDimensions(rows, cols)
-						|| !OptimizerUtils.isValidCPMatrixSize(rows, cols, sp)
-						|| mem >= OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget() ) 
-					{
-						ret = false;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		
-		//check in-memory reblock size threshold (prevent long single-threaded text read)
-		//NOTE: this does not apply to local mode because there text read single-threaded as well
-		if( ret && !localMode ) {
-			for( MatrixObject mo : inputs )
-			{
-				MatrixFormatMetaData iimd = (MatrixFormatMetaData) mo.getMetaData();
-				if((   iimd.getInputInfo()==InputInfo.TextCellInputInfo
-					|| iimd.getInputInfo()==InputInfo.MatrixMarketInputInfo
-					|| iimd.getInputInfo()==InputInfo.CSVInputInfo
-					|| iimd.getInputInfo()==InputInfo.BinaryCellInputInfo)
-					&& !mo.isDirty() )
-				{
-					//get file size on hdfs (as indicator for estimated read time)
-					Path path = new Path(mo.getFileName());
-					long fileSize = MapReduceTool.getFilesizeOnHDFS(path);
-					//compute cp reblock size threshold based on available parallelism
-					long cpThreshold = CP_REBLOCK_THRESHOLD_SIZE * 
-							           OptimizerUtils.getParallelTextReadParallelism();
-					
-					if( fileSize > cpThreshold ) {
-						ret = false;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	
-		return ret;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * CP Reblock check for spark instructions; in contrast to MR, we can not
-	 * rely on the input file sizes because inputs might be passed via rdds. 
-	 * 
-	 * @param mc
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException 
-	 */
-	public static boolean checkCPReblock(ExecutionContext ec, String varin) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException
-	{
-		MatrixObject in = ec.getMatrixObject(varin);
-		MatrixCharacteristics mc = in.getMatrixCharacteristics();
-		
-		long rows = mc.getRows();
-		long cols = mc.getCols();
-		long nnz = mc.getNonZeros();
-		
-		//check valid cp reblock recompilation hook
-		if(    !OptimizerUtils.ALLOW_DYN_RECOMPILATION
-			|| !OptimizerUtils.isHybridExecutionMode() )
-		{
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		//robustness for usage through mlcontext (key/values of input rdds are not
-		//serializable for text; also bufferpool rdd read only supported for binaryblock)
-		MatrixFormatMetaData iimd = (MatrixFormatMetaData) in.getMetaData();
-		if( in.getRDDHandle() != null && iimd.getInputInfo() != InputInfo.BinaryBlockInputInfo ) {
-			return false;
-		}		
-		
-		//check valid dimensions and memory requirements
-		double sp = OptimizerUtils.getSparsity(rows, cols, nnz);
-		double mem = MatrixBlock.estimateSizeInMemory(rows, cols, sp);			
-		if(    !OptimizerUtils.isValidCPDimensions(rows, cols)
-			|| !OptimizerUtils.isValidCPMatrixSize(rows, cols, sp)
-			|| mem >= OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget() ) 
-		{
-			return false;
-		}
-		
-		//check in-memory reblock size threshold (preference: distributed)
-		long estFilesize = (long)(3.5 * mem); //conservative estimate
-		long cpThreshold = CP_REBLOCK_THRESHOLD_SIZE * 
-		           OptimizerUtils.getParallelTextReadParallelism();
-		return (estFilesize < cpThreshold);
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param inst
-	 * @param inputs
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 * @throws DMLUnsupportedOperationException
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 */
-	public static boolean checkCPTransform(MRJobInstruction inst, MatrixObject[] inputs) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException, DMLUnsupportedOperationException, IOException 
-	{
-		boolean ret = true;
-		
-		MatrixObject input = inputs[0]; // there can only be one input in TRANSFORM job
-		
-		Path path = new Path(input.getFileName());
-		long sizeOnHDFS = MapReduceTool.getFilesizeOnHDFS(path);
-		
-		// dimensions are not checked here, since the worst case dimensions 
-		// after transformations (with potential dummycoding) are typically unknown.
-		
-		if( sizeOnHDFS > CP_TRANSFORM_UNKNOWN_THRESHOLD_SIZE 
-				|| sizeOnHDFS*4 > OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget() )
-			ret = false;
-		LOG.info("checkCPTransform(): size = " + sizeOnHDFS + ", recompile to CP = " + ret);
-		return ret;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param inst
-	 * @param updatedRandInst
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 */
-	public static boolean checkCPDataGen( MRJobInstruction inst, String updatedRandInst ) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException 
-	{
-		boolean ret = true;
-		
-		//check only shuffle inst
-		String shuffleInst = inst.getIv_shuffleInstructions();
-		String rrInst = inst.getIv_recordReaderInstructions();
-		String mapInst = inst.getIv_instructionsInMapper();
-		String aggInst = inst.getIv_aggInstructions();
-		String otherInst = inst.getIv_otherInstructions();
-		if(    (shuffleInst != null && shuffleInst.length()>0)
-			|| (rrInst != null && rrInst.length()>0)
-			|| (mapInst != null && mapInst.length()>0)
-			|| (aggInst != null && aggInst.length()>0)
-			|| (otherInst != null && otherInst.length()>0)  )
-		{
-			ret = false;
-		}
-		
-		//check only rand inst
-		if( ret ) {
-			String[] instParts = updatedRandInst.split( Lop.INSTRUCTION_DELIMITOR );
-			for( String lrandStr : instParts ) {
-				if( InstructionUtils.getOpCode(lrandStr).equals(DataGen.RAND_OPCODE) )
-				{
-					//check recompile memory budget
-					RandInstruction lrandInst = (RandInstruction) RandInstruction.parseInstruction(lrandStr);
-					long rows = lrandInst.getRows();
-					long cols = lrandInst.getCols();
-					double sparsity = lrandInst.getSparsity();
-					double mem = MatrixBlock.estimateSizeInMemory(rows, cols, sparsity);				
-					if(    !OptimizerUtils.isValidCPDimensions(rows, cols)
-						|| !OptimizerUtils.isValidCPMatrixSize(rows, cols, sparsity)	
-						|| mem >= OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget() )
-					{
-						ret = false;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-				else if( InstructionUtils.getOpCode(lrandStr).equals(DataGen.SEQ_OPCODE) )
-				{
-					//check recompile memory budget
-					//(don't account for sparsity because always dense)
-					SeqInstruction lrandInst = (SeqInstruction) SeqInstruction.parseInstruction(lrandStr);
-					long rows = lrandInst.getRows();
-					long cols = lrandInst.getCols();
-					double mem = MatrixBlock.estimateSizeInMemory(rows, cols, 1.0d);				
-					if(    !OptimizerUtils.isValidCPDimensions(rows, cols)
-					    || !OptimizerUtils.isValidCPMatrixSize(rows, cols, 1.0d)	
-						|| mem >= OptimizerUtils.getLocalMemBudget() )
-					{
-						ret = false;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					ret = false;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return ret;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param in
-	 * @param out
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException 
-	 */
-	public static void executeInMemoryReblock(ExecutionContext ec, String varin, String varout) 
-		throws DMLRuntimeException
-	{
-		MatrixObject in = ec.getMatrixObject(varin);
-		MatrixObject out = ec.getMatrixObject(varout);
-
-		//read text input matrix (through buffer pool, matrix object carries all relevant
-		//information including additional arguments for csv reblock)
-		MatrixBlock mb = in.acquireRead(); 
-		
-		//set output (incl update matrix characteristics)
-		out.acquireModify( mb );
-		out.release();
-		in.release();				
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param fname
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException
-	 */
-	private static void tryReadMetaDataFileMatrixCharacteristics( DataOp dop )
-		throws DMLRuntimeException
-	{
-		try
-		{
-			//get meta data filename
-			String mtdname = DataExpression.getMTDFileName(dop.getFileName());
-			
-			JobConf job = ConfigurationManager.getCachedJobConf();
-			FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(job);
-			Path path = new Path(mtdname);
-			if( fs.exists(path) ){
-				BufferedReader br = null;
-				try
-				{
-					br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fs.open(path)));
-					JSONObject mtd = JSONHelper.parse(br);
-					
-					DataType dt = DataType.valueOf(String.valueOf(mtd.get(DataExpression.DATATYPEPARAM)).toUpperCase());
-					dop.setDataType(dt);
-					dop.setValueType(ValueType.valueOf(String.valueOf(mtd.get(DataExpression.VALUETYPEPARAM)).toUpperCase()));
-					dop.setDim1((dt==DataType.MATRIX)?Long.parseLong(mtd.get(DataExpression.READROWPARAM).toString()):0);
-					dop.setDim2((dt==DataType.MATRIX)?Long.parseLong(mtd.get(DataExpression.READCOLPARAM).toString()):0);
-				}
-				finally {
-					if( br != null )
-						br.close();
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		catch(Exception ex)
-		{
-			throw new DMLRuntimeException(ex);
-		}
-	}
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-systemml/blob/276d9257/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/rewrite/HopDagValidator.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/rewrite/HopDagValidator.java b/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/rewrite/HopDagValidator.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ea68c2..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/rewrite/HopDagValidator.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * (C) Copyright IBM Corp. 2010, 2015
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- * 
- */
-
-package com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.rewrite;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-
-import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
-import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
-
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.DataOp;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.Hop;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.HopsException;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.LiteralOp;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.runtime.DMLRuntimeException;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.utils.Explain;
-
-/**
- * This class allows to check hop dags for validity, e.g., parent-child linking.
- * It purpose is soley for debugging purposes (enabled in ProgramRewriter).
- * 
- */
-public class HopDagValidator 
-{
-	private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(HopDagValidator.class.getName());
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param roots
-	 * @throws HopsException 
-	 * @throws DMLRuntimeException 
-	 */
-	public static void validateHopDag(ArrayList<Hop> roots) 
-		throws HopsException
-	{
-		if( roots == null )
-			return;
-		try
-		{
-			Hop.resetVisitStatus(roots);
-			for( Hop hop : roots )
-				rValidateHop(hop);
-		}
-		catch(HopsException ex)
-		{
-			try {
-				LOG.error( "\n"+Explain.explainHops(roots) );
-			}catch(DMLRuntimeException e){}
-			
-			throw ex;
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param root
-	 * @throws HopsException 
-	 */
-	public static void validateHopDag(Hop root) 
-		throws HopsException
-	{
-		if( root == null )
-			return;
-		
-		try
-		{
-			root.resetVisitStatus();
-			rValidateHop(root);
-		}
-		catch(HopsException ex)
-		{
-			try {
-				LOG.error( "\n"+Explain.explain(root) );
-			}catch(DMLRuntimeException e){}
-			
-			throw ex;
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * 
-	 * @param hop
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 */
-	private static void rValidateHop( Hop hop ) 
-		throws HopsException
-	{
-		if(hop.getVisited() == Hop.VisitStatus.DONE)
-			return;
-		
-		//check parent linking
-		for( Hop parent : hop.getParent() )
-			if( !parent.getInput().contains(hop) )
-				throw new HopsException("Hop id="+hop.getHopID()+" not properly linked to its parent pid="+parent.getHopID()+" "+parent.getClass().getName());
-		
-		//check child linking
-		for( Hop child : hop.getInput() )
-			if( !child.getParent().contains(hop) )
-				throw new HopsException("Hop id="+hop.getHopID()+" not properly linked to its child cid="+child.getHopID()+" "+child.getClass().getName());
-		
-		//check empty childs
-		if( hop.getInput().isEmpty() )
-			if( !(hop instanceof DataOp || hop instanceof LiteralOp) )
-				throw new HopsException("Hop id="+hop.getHopID()+" is not a dataop/literal but has no childs.");
-		
-		//recursively process childs
-		for( Hop child : hop.getInput() )
-			rValidateHop(child);
-		
-		hop.setVisited(Hop.VisitStatus.DONE);
-	}
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-systemml/blob/276d9257/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/rewrite/HopRewriteRule.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/rewrite/HopRewriteRule.java b/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/rewrite/HopRewriteRule.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 65bb5ad..0000000
--- a/src/main/java/com/ibm/bi/dml/hops/rewrite/HopRewriteRule.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * (C) Copyright IBM Corp. 2010, 2015
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- * 
- */
-
-package com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.rewrite;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-
-import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
-import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
-
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.Hop;
-import com.ibm.bi.dml.hops.HopsException;
-
-/**
- * Base class for all hop rewrites in order to enable generic
- * application of all rules.
- * 
- */
-public abstract class HopRewriteRule 
-{
-
-
-	protected static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(HopRewriteRule.class.getName());
-		
-	/**
-	 * Handle a generic (last-level) hop DAG with multiple roots.
-	 * 
-	 * @param roots
-	 * @param state
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 */
-	public abstract ArrayList<Hop> rewriteHopDAGs( ArrayList<Hop> roots, ProgramRewriteStatus state ) 
-		throws HopsException;
-	
-	/**
-	 * Handle a predicate hop DAG with exactly one root.
-	 * 
-	 * @param root
-	 * @param state
-	 * @return
-	 * @throws HopsException
-	 */
-	public abstract Hop rewriteHopDAG( Hop root, ProgramRewriteStatus state ) 
-		throws HopsException;
-}