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Posted to commits@hudi.apache.org by GitBox <gi...@apache.org> on 2021/08/20 17:27:23 UTC

[GitHub] [hudi] nsivabalan opened a new pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

nsivabalan opened a new pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515


   ## *Tips*
   - *Thank you very much for contributing to Apache Hudi.*
   - *Please review https://hudi.apache.org/contribute/how-to-contribute before opening a pull request.*
   
   ## What is the purpose of the pull request
   
   *(For example: This pull request adds quick-start document.)*
   
   ## Brief change log
   
   *(for example:)*
     - *Modify AnnotationLocation checkstyle rule in checkstyle.xml*
   
   ## Verify this pull request
   
   *(Please pick either of the following options)*
   
   This pull request is a trivial rework / code cleanup without any test coverage.
   
   *(or)*
   
   This pull request is already covered by existing tests, such as *(please describe tests)*.
   
   (or)
   
   This change added tests and can be verified as follows:
   
   *(example:)*
   
     - *Added integration tests for end-to-end.*
     - *Added HoodieClientWriteTest to verify the change.*
     - *Manually verified the change by running a job locally.*
   
   ## Committer checklist
   
    - [ ] Has a corresponding JIRA in PR title & commit
    
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    - [ ] For large changes, please consider breaking it into sub-tasks under an umbrella JIRA.
   


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[GitHub] [hudi] vinothchandar commented on a change in pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
vinothchandar commented on a change in pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#discussion_r697440656



##########
File path: website/blog/2021-08-20-immutable-data-lakes.md
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+title: "Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi"
+excerpt: "How to leverage Apache Hudi for your immutable (or) append only data use-case"
+author: shivnarayan
+category: blog
+---
+
+Apache Hudi helps you build and manage data lakes with different table types, config knobs to cater to everyone's need.
+We strive to listen to community and build features based on the need. From our interactions with the community, we got 
+to know there are quite a few use-cases where Hudi is being used for immutable or append only data. This blog will go 
+over details on how to leverage Apache Hudi in building your data lake for such immutable or append only data.
+<!--truncate-->
+
+# Immutable data
+Often times, users route log entries to data lakes, where data is immutable. (Add some concrete 
+examples here). Data once ingested won't be updated and can only be deleted. Also, most likely, deletes are issued at 
+partition level (delete partitions older than 1 week) granularity.
+
+# Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi 
+Hudi has an efficient way to ingest data into Hudi for such immutable use-cases. "Bulk_Insert" operation in Hudi is 
+commonly used for initial bootstrapping of data into hudi, but also exactly fits the bill for such immutable or append 
+only data. And it is known to be performant when compared to regular "insert"s or "upsert"s. 
+
+## Bulk_insert vs regular Inserts/Upserts
+With regular inserts and upserts, Hudi executes few steps before data can be written to data files. For example, 
+index lookup, small file handling, etc has to be performed before actual write. But with bulk_insert, such overhead can 
+be avoided since data is known to be immutable. 
+
+Here is an illustration of steps involved in different operations of interest. 
+
+![Inserts/Upserts](/assets/images/blog/immutable_datalakes/immutable_data_lakes1.png)
+
+_Figure: High level steps on Insert/Upsert operation with Hudi._
+
+![Bulk_Insert](/assets/images/blog/immutable_datalakes/immutable_data_lakes2.png)
+
+_Figure: High level steps on Bulk_insert operation with Hudi._
+
+As you could see, bulk_insert skips the unnecessary step of indexing and small file handling which could bring down 
+your write latency by a large degree for append only data. And bulk_insert also supports "Row writer" path which 
+is known to be performant compared to Rdd path (WriteClient). So, users can enjoy the blazing fast writes for such 
+immutable data using bulk_insert operation and row writer.
+
+:::note
+There won't be any small file handling with bulk_insert. But users can choose to leverage Clustering to batch small 
+files into larger ones if need be. 
+:::
+
+## Configurations
+Users need to set the write operation config `hoodie.datasource.write.operation` to "bulk_insert". To leverage row 
+writer, one has to enable `hoodie.datasource.write.row.writer.enable`. Default value of this config is false. 
+
+## Supported Operations
+Even though this is catered towards immutable data, all operations are supported for a hudi table in general. Once an 
+issue deletes, enable metadata, add clustering etc to these tables. Just that users can leverage bulk_insert for faster 
+writes compared to other operations by bypassing the additional overhead. 
+
+Hudi is also adding Virtual key support in upcoming release, and users can also enable virtual keys for such immutable 

Review comment:
       this is out there already?

##########
File path: website/blog/2021-08-20-immutable-data-lakes.md
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+title: "Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi"
+excerpt: "How to leverage Apache Hudi for your immutable (or) append only data use-case"
+author: shivnarayan
+category: blog
+---
+
+Apache Hudi helps you build and manage data lakes with different table types, config knobs to cater to everyone's need.
+We strive to listen to community and build features based on the need. From our interactions with the community, we got 
+to know there are quite a few use-cases where Hudi is being used for immutable or append only data. This blog will go 
+over details on how to leverage Apache Hudi in building your data lake for such immutable or append only data.
+<!--truncate-->
+
+# Immutable data
+Often times, users route log entries to data lakes, where data is immutable. (Add some concrete 
+examples here). Data once ingested won't be updated and can only be deleted. Also, most likely, deletes are issued at 
+partition level (delete partitions older than 1 week) granularity.
+
+# Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi 
+Hudi has an efficient way to ingest data into Hudi for such immutable use-cases. "Bulk_Insert" operation in Hudi is 
+commonly used for initial bootstrapping of data into hudi, but also exactly fits the bill for such immutable or append 
+only data. And it is known to be performant when compared to regular "insert"s or "upsert"s. 
+
+## Bulk_insert vs regular Inserts/Upserts
+With regular inserts and upserts, Hudi executes few steps before data can be written to data files. For example, 
+index lookup, small file handling, etc has to be performed before actual write. But with bulk_insert, such overhead can 
+be avoided since data is known to be immutable. 
+
+Here is an illustration of steps involved in different operations of interest. 
+
+![Inserts/Upserts](/assets/images/blog/immutable_datalakes/immutable_data_lakes1.png)
+
+_Figure: High level steps on Insert/Upsert operation with Hudi._
+
+![Bulk_Insert](/assets/images/blog/immutable_datalakes/immutable_data_lakes2.png)
+
+_Figure: High level steps on Bulk_insert operation with Hudi._
+
+As you could see, bulk_insert skips the unnecessary step of indexing and small file handling which could bring down 
+your write latency by a large degree for append only data. And bulk_insert also supports "Row writer" path which 
+is known to be performant compared to Rdd path (WriteClient). So, users can enjoy the blazing fast writes for such 
+immutable data using bulk_insert operation and row writer.
+
+:::note
+There won't be any small file handling with bulk_insert. But users can choose to leverage Clustering to batch small 
+files into larger ones if need be. 
+:::
+
+## Configurations
+Users need to set the write operation config `hoodie.datasource.write.operation` to "bulk_insert". To leverage row 
+writer, one has to enable `hoodie.datasource.write.row.writer.enable`. Default value of this config is false. 

Review comment:
       its not false anymore right? 




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[GitHub] [hudi] nsivabalan commented on pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
nsivabalan commented on pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#issuecomment-905070959


   got it, sure. will try it out. 
   will fix the truncate as well 


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[GitHub] [hudi] vinothchandar commented on a change in pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
vinothchandar commented on a change in pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#discussion_r697437101



##########
File path: website/blog/2021-08-20-immutable-data-lakes.md
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+title: "Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi"
+excerpt: "How to leverage Apache Hudi for your immutable (or) append only data use-case"
+author: shivnarayan
+category: blog
+---
+
+Apache Hudi helps you build and manage data lakes with different table types, config knobs to cater to everyone's need.
+We strive to listen to community and build features based on the need. From our interactions with the community, we got 
+to know there are quite a few use-cases where Hudi is being used for immutable or append only data. This blog will go 
+over details on how to leverage Apache Hudi in building your data lake for such immutable or append only data.
+<!--truncate-->
+
+# Immutable data
+Often times, users route log entries to data lakes, where data is immutable. (Add some concrete 

Review comment:
       added one. 




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[GitHub] [hudi] nsivabalan commented on pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
nsivabalan commented on pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#issuecomment-902845562


   <img width="1199" alt="Screen Shot 2021-08-20 at 1 23 20 PM" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/513218/130271348-18030c5b-b7d8-4e9e-b6a9-582aef5443a5.png">
   <img width="1172" alt="Screen Shot 2021-08-20 at 1 23 29 PM" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/513218/130271350-8f042fbe-4f85-43ca-b1ae-bf3a3df887d1.png">
   <img width="1211" alt="Screen Shot 2021-08-20 at 1 23 40 PM" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/513218/130271353-dc37aa99-ed14-4b86-8d5f-73a69c16929e.png">
   <img width="1204" alt="Screen Shot 2021-08-20 at 1 23 50 PM" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/513218/130271358-dd9a9318-9d5e-477e-8bf5-f8284ab3830a.png">
   


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[GitHub] [hudi] nsivabalan edited a comment on pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
nsivabalan edited a comment on pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#issuecomment-905070959


   got it, sure. will try it out. 
   will fix the truncate as well, thanks. 


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[GitHub] [hudi] nsivabalan commented on pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
nsivabalan commented on pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#issuecomment-904374005


   @vingov : Can you help me understand why the build has failed. I could build the patch locally and ensured that images are rendered properly. 
   
   excerpt from logs:
   ```
   Error: Image static/assets/images/blog/immutable_datalakes/immutable_data_lakes1.jpeg used in blog/2021-08-20-immutable-data-lakes.md not found.
       at async Promise.all (index 0)
   Error: Image static/assets/images/blog/immutable_datalakes/immutable_data_lakes1.jpeg used in blog/2021-08-20-immutable-data-lakes.md not found.
       at async Promise.all (index 0)
   ```


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[GitHub] [hudi] nsivabalan commented on pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
nsivabalan commented on pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#issuecomment-907220317


   yes, even I am not very convinced w/ the motivation myself. would be good to show perf difference or some convincing points on where this would play well and how. we can work on this after landing all other blogs. 


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[GitHub] [hudi] vingov commented on a change in pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
vingov commented on a change in pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#discussion_r695253035



##########
File path: website/blog/2021-08-20-immutable-data-lakes.md
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+---
+title: "Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi"
+excerpt: "How to leverage Apache Hudi for your immutable (or) append only data use-case"
+author: shivnarayan
+category: blog
+---
+
+Apache Hudi helps you build and manage data lakes with different table types, config knobs to cater to everyone's need.
+We strive to listen to community and build features based on the need. From our interactions with the community, we got 
+to know there are quite a few use-cases where Hudi is being used for immutable or append only data. This blog will go 
+over details on how to leverage Apache Hudi in building your data lake for such immutable or append only data.
+

Review comment:
       @nsivabalan - Can you please add a `<!--truncate-->` tag here, so that the main blog page will render only up to this tag with a read more link?
   
   When we don't have the truncate tag, the full blog post will be rendered on the blog homepage.




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[GitHub] [hudi] vingov commented on a change in pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
vingov commented on a change in pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#discussion_r695253035



##########
File path: website/blog/2021-08-20-immutable-data-lakes.md
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+---
+title: "Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi"
+excerpt: "How to leverage Apache Hudi for your immutable (or) append only data use-case"
+author: shivnarayan
+category: blog
+---
+
+Apache Hudi helps you build and manage data lakes with different table types, config knobs to cater to everyone's need.
+We strive to listen to community and build features based on the need. From our interactions with the community, we got 
+to know there are quite a few use-cases where Hudi is being used for immutable or append only data. This blog will go 
+over details on how to leverage Apache Hudi in building your data lake for such immutable or append only data.
+

Review comment:
       @nsivabalan - Can you please add a <!--truncate--> tag here, so that the main blog page will render only up to this tag with a read more link?
   
   When we don't have the truncate tag, the full blog post will be rendered on the blog homepage.




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[GitHub] [hudi] nsivabalan commented on pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
nsivabalan commented on pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#issuecomment-902875357


   I am also thinking instead of two images, we can convey using a simple table. 
   
   <img width="696" alt="Screen Shot 2021-08-20 at 2 22 25 PM" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/513218/130277247-939e4f50-4573-46d8-8c9b-18929eb96a92.png">
   


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[GitHub] [hudi] vingov commented on a change in pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
vingov commented on a change in pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#discussion_r696306531



##########
File path: website/blog/2021-08-20-immutable-data-lakes.md
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+title: "Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi"
+excerpt: "How to leverage Apache Hudi for your immutable (or) append only data use-case"
+author: shivnarayan
+category: blog
+---
+
+Apache Hudi helps you build and manage data lakes with different table types, config knobs to cater to everyone's need.
+We strive to listen to community and build features based on the need. From our interactions with the community, we got 
+to know there are quite a few use-cases where Hudi is being used for immutable or append only data. This blog will go 
+over details on how to leverage Apache Hudi in building your data lake for such immutable or append only data.
+<!--truncate-->
+
+# Immutable data
+Often times, users route log entries to data lakes, where data is immutable. (Add some concrete 
+examples here). Data once ingested won't be updated and can only be deleted. Also, most likely, deletes are issued at 
+partition level (delete partitions older than 1 week) granularity.
+
+# Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi 
+Hudi has an efficient way to ingest data into Hudi for such immutable use-cases. "Bulk_Insert" operation in Hudi is 
+commonly used for initial bootstrapping of data into hudi, but also exactly fits the bill for such immutable or append 
+only data. And it is known to be performant when compared to regular "insert"s or "upsert"s. 
+
+## Bulk_insert vs regular Inserts/Upserts
+With regular inserts and upserts, Hudi executes few steps before data can be written to data files. For example, 
+index lookup, small file handling, etc has to be performed before actual write. But with bulk_insert, such overhead can 
+be avoided since data is known to be immutable. 
+
+Here is an illustration of steps involved in different operations of interest. 
+
+![Inserts/Upserts](/assets/images/blog/immutable_datalakes/immutable_data_lakes1.jpeg)

Review comment:
       @nsivabalan - I noticed that almost every other image we have embedded in our site is a png image, I saw that the build failed again, can you try converting these images to png and give it a shot?




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[GitHub] [hudi] vingov commented on pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
vingov commented on pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#issuecomment-905011023


   @nsivabalan - When I pulled I don't see this issue, the image is rendered correctly, maybe we can pull the node docker and try the commands similar to Travis to reproduce the issue.
   
   I guess there are some version mismatches/dependencies causing this issue. 
   


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[GitHub] [hudi] vinothchandar commented on a change in pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
vinothchandar commented on a change in pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#discussion_r697433025



##########
File path: website/blog/2021-08-20-immutable-data-lakes.md
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+title: "Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi"
+excerpt: "How to leverage Apache Hudi for your immutable (or) append only data use-case"
+author: shivnarayan
+category: blog
+---
+
+Apache Hudi helps you build and manage data lakes with different table types, config knobs to cater to everyone's need.
+We strive to listen to community and build features based on the need. From our interactions with the community, we got 
+to know there are quite a few use-cases where Hudi is being used for immutable or append only data. This blog will go 
+over details on how to leverage Apache Hudi in building your data lake for such immutable or append only data.
+<!--truncate-->
+
+# Immutable data
+Often times, users route log entries to data lakes, where data is immutable. (Add some concrete 
+examples here). Data once ingested won't be updated and can only be deleted. Also, most likely, deletes are issued at 
+partition level (delete partitions older than 1 week) granularity.
+
+# Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi 
+Hudi has an efficient way to ingest data into Hudi for such immutable use-cases. "Bulk_Insert" operation in Hudi is 
+commonly used for initial bootstrapping of data into hudi, but also exactly fits the bill for such immutable or append 
+only data. And it is known to be performant when compared to regular "insert"s or "upsert"s. 
+
+## Bulk_insert vs regular Inserts/Upserts
+With regular inserts and upserts, Hudi executes few steps before data can be written to data files. For example, 
+index lookup, small file handling, etc has to be performed before actual write. But with bulk_insert, such overhead can 
+be avoided since data is known to be immutable. 
+
+Here is an illustration of steps involved in different operations of interest. 
+
+![Inserts/Upserts](/assets/images/blog/immutable_datalakes/immutable_data_lakes1.jpeg)

Review comment:
       +1 lets stick to png 




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[GitHub] [hudi] pratyakshsharma commented on a change in pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
pratyakshsharma commented on a change in pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#discussion_r697682871



##########
File path: website/blog/2021-08-20-immutable-data-lakes.md
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+title: "How Hudi helps even when you dont care about mutability"
+excerpt: "How to leverage Apache Hudi for your immutable (or) append only data use-case"
+author: shivnarayan
+category: blog
+---
+
+Apache Hudi helps you build and manage data lakes with different table types, config knobs to cater to everyone's need.
+We strive to listen to community and build features based on the need. From our interactions with the community, we got 
+to know there are quite a few use-cases where Hudi is being used for immutable or append only data. While a lot of our 
+content/talks refer heavily to mutability in the context of incremental data processing, Hudi also excels with such immutable
+use-cases. This blog will go over details on how to leverage Apache Hudi in building your data lake for such immutable or append only data.
+<!--truncate-->
+
+# Immutable data
+Often times, users route log entries to data lakes, where data is immutable. E.g sensor values streamed out of devices. Data once ingested won't be updated and can only be deleted. Also, most likely, deletes are issued at 
+partition level (delete partitions older than 1 week) granularity.
+
+# Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi 
+Hudi has an efficient way to ingest data into Hudi for such immutable use-cases. "bulk_insert" operation in Hudi is 
+commonly used for initial loading of data into hudi, but also exactly fits the bill for such immutable or append 
+only data. And it is also to be performant when compared to regular "insert"s or "upsert"s, since avoids a bunch of write optimizations done primarily for incremental updates. 
+
+## Bulk_insert vs regular Inserts/Upserts
+With regular inserts and upserts, Hudi executes few steps before data can be written to data files. For example, 
+index lookup, small file handling, etc has to be performed before actual write. But with bulk_insert, such overhead can 
+be avoided since data is known to be immutable. 
+
+Here is an illustration of steps involved in different operations of interest. 
+
+![Inserts/Upserts](/assets/images/blog/immutable_datalakes/immutable_data_lakes1.png)
+
+_Figure: High level steps on Insert/Upsert operation with Hudi._
+
+![Bulk_Insert](/assets/images/blog/immutable_datalakes/immutable_data_lakes2.png)
+
+_Figure: High level steps on Bulk_insert operation with Hudi._
+
+As you could see, bulk_insert skips the unnecessary step of indexing and small file handling which could bring down 
+your write latency by a large degree for append only data.
+
+:::note
+Users can choose to leverage Clustering to batch small files into larger ones if need be, even for the bulk_insert path.
+:::
+
+## Configurations
+Users need to set the write operation config `hoodie.datasource.write.operation` to "bulk_insert". To leverage row 
+writer, one has to enable `hoodie.datasource.write.row.writer.enable`. Default value of this config is false. 
+
+## Supported Operations
+Even though this is catered towards immutable data, all operations are supported for a hudi table in general. Once an 

Review comment:
       Once an issue deletes, enable metadata, add clustering etc to these tables -> Did not get this line, may be we can frame it better? 




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[GitHub] [hudi] nsivabalan edited a comment on pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
nsivabalan edited a comment on pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#issuecomment-902845562


   <img width="1200" alt="Screen Shot 2021-08-20 at 6 57 53 PM" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/513218/130301244-3d28a403-0e71-4300-9f92-a563d63d173d.png">
   <img width="1190" alt="Screen Shot 2021-08-20 at 6 58 02 PM" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/513218/130301247-0fc801ee-2b7a-4dd9-87b0-00f24d18a583.png">
   <img width="1181" alt="Screen Shot 2021-08-20 at 6 58 11 PM" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/513218/130301248-848f1e61-2785-40c2-96de-70c63c5f72d9.png">
   <img width="1195" alt="Screen Shot 2021-08-20 at 6 58 18 PM" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/513218/130301250-7ad95e22-1108-4624-a5d4-a40aa9adaace.png">
   


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[GitHub] [hudi] nsivabalan commented on a change in pull request #3515: [HUDI-2341] Adding blog on immutable data lakes

Posted by GitBox <gi...@apache.org>.
nsivabalan commented on a change in pull request #3515:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/3515#discussion_r696199489



##########
File path: website/blog/2021-08-20-immutable-data-lakes.md
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+title: "Immutable data lakes using Apache Hudi"
+excerpt: "How to leverage Apache Hudi for your immutable (or) append only data use-case"
+author: shivnarayan
+category: blog
+---
+
+Apache Hudi helps you build and manage data lakes with different table types, config knobs to cater to everyone's need.
+We strive to listen to community and build features based on the need. From our interactions with the community, we got 
+to know there are quite a few use-cases where Hudi is being used for immutable or append only data. This blog will go 
+over details on how to leverage Apache Hudi in building your data lake for such immutable or append only data.
+<!--truncate-->
+
+# Immutable data
+Often times, users route log entries to data lakes, where data is immutable. (Add some concrete 

Review comment:
       Need to add some concrete use-case here. any suggestions would help. 




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