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Posted to dev@tomcat.apache.org by ma...@apache.org on 2023/02/14 18:20:36 UTC

[tomcat] 02/02: Remove redundant modifiers

This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

markt pushed a commit to branch 10.1.x
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/tomcat.git

commit e5519e446bbcfd2ce88ad3a38596541de53aedc9
Author: Mark Thomas <ma...@apache.org>
AuthorDate: Tue Feb 14 17:21:09 2023 +0000

    Remove redundant modifiers
    
    Identified by CheckStyle
    ~80% fixed automatically by Eclipse
    ~20% reviewed manually
    
    Based on PR #578 by Dimitrios Soumis
---
 java/jakarta/annotation/Generated.java             |   6 +-
 java/jakarta/annotation/Resource.java              |  16 +-
 java/jakarta/annotation/Resources.java             |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/annotation/security/DeclareRoles.java |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/annotation/security/RolesAllowed.java |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/annotation/security/RunAs.java        |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/el/ArrayELResolver.java               |   4 +-
 java/jakarta/el/BeanELResolver.java                |   8 +-
 java/jakarta/el/CompositeELResolver.java           |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/el/ELContextListener.java             |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/el/ELProcessor.java                   |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/el/ExpressionFactory.java             |   6 +-
 java/jakarta/el/ListELResolver.java                |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/el/StandardELContext.java             |   4 +-
 java/jakarta/el/Util.java                          |  12 +-
 .../security/auth/message/MessagePolicy.java       |  10 +-
 .../auth/message/callback/PrivateKeyCallback.java  |   2 +-
 .../auth/message/callback/SecretKeyCallback.java   |   2 +-
 .../auth/message/config/AuthConfigFactory.java     |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/AsyncContext.java             |  12 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/Filter.java                   |   6 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/FilterChain.java              |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/FilterConfig.java             |   8 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/FilterRegistration.java       |  10 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/ReadListener.java             |   6 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/Registration.java             |  16 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/RequestDispatcher.java        |  40 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/Servlet.java                  |  10 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/ServletConfig.java            |   8 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContext.java           | 114 +++---
 .../servlet/ServletContextAttributeListener.java   |   6 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContextListener.java   |   4 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRegistration.java      |  16 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequest.java           |  72 ++--
 .../servlet/ServletRequestAttributeListener.java   |   6 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequestListener.java   |   4 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/ServletResponse.java          |  32 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/SessionCookieConfig.java      |  34 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/WriteListener.java            |   4 +-
 .../servlet/descriptor/JspConfigDescriptor.java    |   4 +-
 .../descriptor/JspPropertyGroupDescriptor.java     |  26 +-
 .../servlet/descriptor/TaglibDescriptor.java       |   4 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServlet.java         |   4 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServletRequest.java  |  78 ++--
 java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServletResponse.java | 122 +++---
 java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSession.java         |  24 +-
 .../http/HttpSessionActivationListener.java        |   4 +-
 .../servlet/http/HttpSessionAttributeListener.java |   6 +-
 .../servlet/http/HttpSessionBindingListener.java   |   4 +-
 .../servlet/http/HttpSessionIdListener.java        |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionListener.java |   4 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/http/Part.java                |  20 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/HttpJspPage.java          |   2 +-
 .../jakarta/servlet/jsp/JspApplicationContext.java |   6 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/JspPage.java              |   4 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/FunctionMapper.java    |   2 +-
 .../servlet/jsp/el/ImplicitObjectELResolver.java   |   4 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/VariableResolver.java  |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/BodyTag.java       |   4 +-
 .../servlet/jsp/tagext/DynamicAttributes.java      |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/IterationTag.java  |   3 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/JspIdConsumer.java |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/SimpleTag.java     |  10 +-
 java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/Tag.java           |   8 +-
 java/jakarta/transaction/Status.java               |  20 +-
 java/jakarta/transaction/Synchronization.java      |   4 +-
 java/jakarta/transaction/Transaction.java          |  14 +-
 java/jakarta/transaction/TransactionManager.java   |  18 +-
 java/jakarta/websocket/ClientEndpoint.java         |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/websocket/ClientEndpointConfig.java   |   6 +-
 .../websocket/DefaultClientEndpointConfig.java     |   2 +-
 java/jakarta/websocket/HandshakeResponse.java      |   2 +-
 .../server/DefaultServerEndpointConfig.java        |   6 +-
 .../jakarta/websocket/server/HandshakeRequest.java |   8 +-
 java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerContainer.java |   6 +-
 java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerEndpoint.java  |   2 +-
 .../websocket/server/ServerEndpointConfig.java     |   4 +-
 java/jakarta/xml/ws/WebServiceRef.java             |  10 +-
 java/jakarta/xml/ws/WebServiceRefs.java            |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/AccessLog.java            |  16 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/AsyncDispatcher.java      |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Authenticator.java        |   6 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Cluster.java              |  12 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Container.java            |  82 ++--
 java/org/apache/catalina/ContainerListener.java    |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/ContainerServlet.java     |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Context.java              | 434 ++++++++++-----------
 java/org/apache/catalina/DistributedManager.java   |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Engine.java               |  12 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Executor.java             |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Group.java                |  22 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Host.java                 |  56 +--
 java/org/apache/catalina/Lifecycle.java            |  46 +--
 java/org/apache/catalina/LifecycleListener.java    |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/LifecycleState.java       |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Loader.java               |  18 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Manager.java              |  80 ++--
 java/org/apache/catalina/Pipeline.java             |  16 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Realm.java                |  32 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Role.java                 |  10 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Server.java               |  58 +--
 java/org/apache/catalina/Service.java              |  32 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Session.java              |  82 ++--
 java/org/apache/catalina/SessionIdGenerator.java   |  12 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/SessionListener.java      |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Store.java                |  20 +-
 .../org/apache/catalina/ThreadBindingListener.java |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/User.java                 |  34 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/UserDatabase.java         |  44 +--
 java/org/apache/catalina/Valve.java                |  10 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/Wrapper.java              |  78 ++--
 .../jaspic/AuthConfigFactoryImpl.java              |   8 +-
 .../catalina/connector/CoyoteInputStream.java      |  10 +-
 .../org/apache/catalina/connector/InputBuffer.java |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/connector/OutputBuffer.java    |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/connector/Request.java    |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/connector/RequestFacade.java   |  10 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/connector/Response.java   |   6 +-
 .../apache/catalina/connector/ResponseFacade.java  |   4 +-
 .../apache/catalina/core/ApplicationContext.java   |   2 +-
 .../catalina/core/ApplicationContextFacade.java    |   2 +-
 .../catalina/core/ApplicationDispatcher.java       |   2 +-
 .../catalina/core/ApplicationHttpRequest.java      |   2 +-
 .../catalina/core/ApplicationHttpResponse.java     |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/core/ApplicationMapping.java   |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/core/ApplicationRequest.java   |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/core/ApplicationResponse.java  |   2 +-
 .../org/apache/catalina/core/AsyncContextImpl.java |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/core/ContainerBase.java   |   4 +-
 .../catalina/core/DefaultInstanceManager.java      |   8 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardContext.java |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/core/StandardContextValve.java |   4 +-
 .../apache/catalina/core/StandardEngineValve.java  |   4 +-
 .../apache/catalina/core/StandardHostValve.java    |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardServer.java  |   6 +-
 .../apache/catalina/core/StandardWrapperValve.java |   4 +-
 .../catalina/filters/CsrfPreventionFilter.java     |   2 +-
 .../org/apache/catalina/filters/ExpiresFilter.java |   2 +-
 .../catalina/filters/HttpHeaderSecurityFilter.java |   2 +-
 .../catalina/filters/RestCsrfPreventionFilter.java |  16 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/ha/CatalinaCluster.java   |  34 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/ha/ClusterDeployer.java   |  14 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/ha/ClusterManager.java    |  22 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/ha/ClusterMessage.java    |  10 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/ha/ClusterSession.java    |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/ha/ClusterValve.java      |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/ha/backend/Sender.java    |   4 +-
 .../catalina/ha/deploy/FileChangeListener.java     |   4 +-
 .../apache/catalina/ha/session/DeltaRequest.java   |   4 +-
 .../apache/catalina/ha/session/SessionMessage.java |  28 +-
 .../catalina/loader/WebappClassLoaderBase.java     |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/mapper/Mapper.java        |  40 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/mbeans/MBeanFactory.java  |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/realm/GenericPrincipal.java    |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/realm/MemoryRuleSet.java  |   2 +-
 .../catalina/realm/X509UsernameRetriever.java      |   2 +-
 .../catalina/security/SecurityClassLoad.java       |  20 +-
 .../apache/catalina/security/SecurityConfig.java   |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/servlets/DefaultServlet.java   |   8 +-
 .../apache/catalina/servlets/WebdavServlet.java    |   6 +-
 .../apache/catalina/session/StandardSession.java   |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/ssi/ExpressionParseTree.java   |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/ssi/SSICommand.java       |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/ssi/SSIExternalResolver.java   |  16 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/startup/Catalina.java     |   4 +-
 .../org/apache/catalina/startup/ContextConfig.java |   8 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/startup/HostConfig.java   |  10 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/startup/UserConfig.java   |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/startup/UserDatabase.java |   8 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/tribes/Channel.java       |  70 ++--
 .../apache/catalina/tribes/ChannelInterceptor.java |  37 +-
 .../apache/catalina/tribes/ChannelListener.java    |  10 +-
 .../org/apache/catalina/tribes/ChannelMessage.java |  22 +-
 .../apache/catalina/tribes/ChannelReceiver.java    |  22 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/tribes/ChannelSender.java |  17 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/tribes/ErrorHandler.java  |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/tribes/Heartbeat.java     |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/tribes/JmxChannel.java    |  12 +-
 .../org/apache/catalina/tribes/ManagedChannel.java |  14 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/tribes/Member.java        |  44 +--
 .../apache/catalina/tribes/MembershipListener.java |   4 +-
 .../apache/catalina/tribes/MembershipProvider.java |  16 +-
 .../apache/catalina/tribes/MembershipService.java  |  44 +--
 .../apache/catalina/tribes/MessageListener.java    |   4 +-
 .../catalina/tribes/group/ExtendedRpcCallback.java |   4 +-
 .../catalina/tribes/group/GroupChannelMBean.java   |  28 +-
 .../apache/catalina/tribes/group/RpcCallback.java  |   4 +-
 .../interceptors/DomainFilterInterceptorMBean.java |   8 +-
 .../group/interceptors/EncryptInterceptor.java     |   6 +-
 .../interceptors/EncryptInterceptorMBean.java      |  16 +-
 .../FragmentationInterceptorMBean.java             |   8 +-
 .../group/interceptors/GzipInterceptorMBean.java   |  42 +-
 .../MessageDispatchInterceptorMBean.java           |  24 +-
 .../StaticMembershipInterceptorMBean.java          |   4 +-
 .../interceptors/TcpFailureDetectorMBean.java      |  24 +-
 .../interceptors/TcpPingInterceptorMBean.java      |   6 +-
 .../interceptors/ThroughputInterceptorMBean.java   |  28 +-
 .../apache/catalina/tribes/io/ListenCallback.java  |   2 +-
 .../tribes/membership/McastServiceMBean.java       |  34 +-
 .../membership/StaticMembershipServiceMBean.java   |  18 +-
 .../cloud/CloudMembershipServiceMBean.java         |  14 +-
 .../tribes/membership/cloud/StreamProvider.java    |   2 +-
 .../tribes/tipis/AbstractReplicatedMap.java        |   6 +-
 .../catalina/tribes/tipis/ReplicatedMapEntry.java  |  28 +-
 .../catalina/tribes/transport/DataSender.java      |  22 +-
 .../tribes/transport/MultiPointSender.java         |  10 +-
 .../catalina/tribes/transport/PooledSender.java    |   2 +-
 .../catalina/tribes/transport/RxTaskPool.java      |   4 +-
 .../tribes/transport/nio/NioReceiverMBean.java     |  54 +--
 .../transport/nio/PooledParallelSenderMBean.java   |  44 +--
 .../catalina/tribes/util/ExecutorFactory.java      |  10 +-
 .../apache/catalina/users/MemoryUserDatabase.java  |   6 +-
 java/org/apache/catalina/util/ToStringUtil.java    |   2 +-
 .../catalina/valves/AbstractAccessLogValve.java    |   4 +-
 .../catalina/valves/StuckThreadDetectionValve.java |   4 +-
 .../catalina/valves/rewrite/ResolverImpl.java      |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/valves/rewrite/RewriteMap.java |   4 +-
 .../catalina/webresources/CachedResource.java      |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/webresources/JarContents.java  |   2 +-
 .../catalina/webresources/JarWarResourceSet.java   |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/ActionHook.java             |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/Adapter.java                |  12 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/AsyncStateMachine.java      |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/ContinueResponseTiming.java |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/ErrorState.java             |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/InputBuffer.java            |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/OutputBuffer.java           |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/ProtocolHandler.java        |  44 +--
 java/org/apache/coyote/Request.java                |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/Response.java               |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/UpgradeProtocol.java        |  14 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/UpgradeToken.java           |   8 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/ajp/Constants.java          |   8 +-
 .../org/apache/coyote/http11/HttpOutputBuffer.java |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/http11/InputFilter.java     |  12 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/http11/OutputFilter.java    |   6 +-
 .../http11/upgrade/UpgradeServletInputStream.java  |   2 +-
 .../http11/upgrade/UpgradeServletOutputStream.java |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/http2/FrameType.java        |   2 +-
 .../coyote/http2/Http2AsyncUpgradeHandler.java     |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/http2/Http2Error.java       |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/http2/Http2Parser.java      |   4 +-
 .../apache/coyote/http2/Http2UpgradeHandler.java   |  18 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/http2/Setting.java          |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/http2/Stream.java           |   6 +-
 java/org/apache/coyote/http2/StreamRunnable.java   |   2 +-
 .../apache/coyote/http2/StreamStateMachine.java    |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/el/lang/ELArithmetic.java          |  16 +-
 java/org/apache/el/lang/ELSupport.java             |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/el/lang/ExpressionBuilder.java     |   8 +-
 java/org/apache/el/parser/AstIdentifier.java       |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/el/parser/AstValue.java            |   2 +-
 .../apache/el/parser/ELParserTreeConstants.java    |  88 ++---
 java/org/apache/el/parser/Node.java                |  36 +-
 java/org/apache/el/parser/NodeVisitor.java         |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/el/stream/Stream.java              |   6 +-
 .../org/apache/el/stream/StreamELResolverImpl.java |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/el/util/ReflectionUtil.java        |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/Options.java                |  92 ++---
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/ELInterpreter.java |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/ELNode.java        |   2 +-
 .../apache/jasper/compiler/EncodingDetector.java   |   2 +-
 .../apache/jasper/compiler/ErrorDispatcher.java    |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/ErrorHandler.java  |   8 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/Generator.java     |   6 +-
 .../jasper/compiler/ImplicitTagLibraryInfo.java    |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/JasperTagInfo.java |   2 +-
 .../apache/jasper/compiler/JspDocumentParser.java  |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/JspReader.java     |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/JspUtil.java       |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/Node.java          | 134 +++----
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/PageDataImpl.java  |   6 +-
 .../apache/jasper/compiler/ParserController.java   |   2 +-
 .../apache/jasper/compiler/ScriptingVariabler.java |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/TagConstants.java  | 114 +++---
 .../apache/jasper/compiler/TagFileProcessor.java   |   2 +-
 .../apache/jasper/compiler/TagLibraryInfoImpl.java |   2 +-
 .../apache/jasper/compiler/TagPluginManager.java   |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/TextOptimizer.java |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/compiler/TldCache.java      |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/el/JasperELResolver.java    |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/runtime/JspFactoryImpl.java |   2 +-
 .../apache/jasper/runtime/JspSourceDependent.java  |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/jasper/runtime/JspWriterImpl.java  |   2 +-
 .../org/apache/jasper/runtime/PageContextImpl.java |   2 +-
 .../org/apache/jasper/util/FastRemovalDequeue.java |  14 +-
 java/org/apache/juli/AsyncFileHandler.java         |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/juli/OneLineFormatter.java         |   6 +-
 java/org/apache/juli/logging/DirectJDKLog.java     |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/juli/logging/Log.java              |  36 +-
 .../org/apache/tomcat/InstanceManagerBindings.java |   6 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/JarScanner.java             |   6 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/JarScannerCallback.java     |   6 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/PeriodicEventListener.java  |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/buildutil/CheckEol.java     |   2 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/buildutil/translate/Import.java  |   2 +-
 .../dbcp/dbcp2/LifetimeExceededException.java      |   4 +-
 .../tomcat/dbcp/dbcp2/ObjectNameWrapper.java       |   2 +-
 .../dbcp2/datasources/CPDSConnectionFactory.java   |   8 +-
 .../datasources/KeyedCPDSConnectionFactory.java    |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/dbcp/pool2/PoolUtils.java   |   8 +-
 .../dbcp/pool2/impl/BaseGenericObjectPool.java     |   2 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/dbcp/pool2/impl/CallStack.java   |   2 +-
 .../dbcp/pool2/impl/GenericKeyedObjectPool.java    |   2 +-
 .../pool2/impl/InterruptibleReentrantLock.java     |   2 +-
 .../dbcp/pool2/impl/LinkedBlockingDeque.java       |  10 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/jni/SSLContext.java         |   4 +-
 .../org/apache/tomcat/util/IntrospectionUtils.java |   8 +-
 .../tomcat/util/bcel/classfile/ConstantUtf8.java   |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/buf/ByteChunk.java     |  12 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/buf/CharChunk.java     |   8 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/buf/UDecoder.java      |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/buf/UEncoder.java      |   2 +-
 .../util/collections/CaseInsensitiveKeyMap.java    |   6 +-
 .../collections/ManagedConcurrentWeakHashMap.java  |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/util/descriptor/web/Injectable.java     |   6 +-
 .../tomcat/util/descriptor/web/WebRuleSet.java     |  42 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/digester/Digester.java |   4 +-
 .../tomcat/util/digester/DocumentProperties.java   |   4 +-
 .../util/digester/ObjectCreationFactory.java       |   6 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/digester/Rules.java    |  12 +-
 .../tomcat/util/file/ConfigurationSource.java      |  14 +-
 .../tomcat/util/http/FastHttpDateFormat.java       |   6 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/http/MimeHeaders.java  |   4 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/http/ResponseUtil.java |   6 +-
 .../org/apache/tomcat/util/http/parser/Cookie.java |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/http/parser/Host.java  |   2 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/util/http/parser/HttpParser.java |   2 +-
 .../util/modeler/BaseNotificationBroadcaster.java  |   2 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/util/modeler/RegistryMBean.java  |  10 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/util/net/AbstractEndpoint.java   |  16 +-
 .../tomcat/util/net/ApplicationBufferHandler.java  |  10 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/net/DispatchType.java  |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/net/SSLContext.java    |  16 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/net/SSLHostConfig.java |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/util/net/SSLHostConfigCertificate.java  |   2 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/util/net/SSLSessionManager.java  |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/net/SSLSupport.java    |  32 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/util/net/SSLUtil.java       |  16 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/util/net/SocketWrapperBase.java  |   2 +-
 .../util/net/openssl/OpenSSLX509Certificate.java   |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/util/net/openssl/ciphers/Cipher.java    |   2 +-
 .../ciphers/OpenSSLCipherConfigurationParser.java  |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/util/net/openssl/ciphers/Protocol.java  |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/util/scan/StandardJarScanner.java       |   2 +-
 .../org/apache/tomcat/util/threads/LimitLatch.java |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/util/threads/ResizableExecutor.java     |  10 +-
 .../ObjectReflectionPropertyInspector.java         |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/websocket/AsyncChannelGroupUtil.java    |   2 +-
 .../websocket/AsyncChannelWrapperSecure.java       |  12 +-
 .../tomcat/websocket/AuthenticationType.java       |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/websocket/BackgroundProcessManager.java |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/websocket/FutureToSendHandler.java      |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/websocket/MessagePart.java  |   2 +-
 java/org/apache/tomcat/websocket/Util.java         |   2 +-
 .../org/apache/tomcat/websocket/WsFrameClient.java |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/websocket/WsRemoteEndpointImplBase.java |  18 +-
 .../tomcat/websocket/WsWebSocketContainer.java     |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/websocket/pojo/PojoMethodMapping.java   |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/websocket/server/UriTemplate.java       |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/websocket/server/WsServerContainer.java |   4 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/PoolConfiguration.java | 216 +++++-----
 .../tomcat/jdbc/pool/PooledConnectionMBean.java    |  34 +-
 .../org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/Validator.java     |   2 +-
 .../pool/interceptor/ResetAbandonedTimerMBean.java |   2 +-
 .../pool/interceptor/SlowQueryReportJmxMBean.java  |   2 +-
 .../jdbc/pool/interceptor/StatementCacheMBean.java |  10 +-
 .../tomcat/jdbc/pool/jmx/ConnectionPoolMBean.java  |  38 +-
 .../interceptor/StatementCounterInterceptor.java   |   2 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/jdbc/test/TestValidation.java    |   2 +-
 res/checkstyle/checkstyle.xml                      |   2 -
 test/jakarta/el/TestResourceBundleELResolver.java  |   4 +-
 .../servlet/http/HttpServletDoHeadBaseTest.java    |   4 +-
 test/jakarta/servlet/http/TestHttpServlet.java     |  10 +-
 .../servlet/http/TestHttpServletPerformance.java   |   2 +-
 .../authenticator/TestCallbackHandlerImpl.java     |  27 +-
 .../TestJaspicCallbackHandlerInAuthenticator.java  |  15 -
 .../TesterDigestAuthenticatorPerformance.java      |   4 +-
 .../jaspic/TestAuthConfigFactoryImpl.java          |   2 +-
 .../TestCoyoteAdapterCanonicalization.java         |   2 +-
 .../connector/TestCoyoteAdapterRequestFuzzing.java |   2 +-
 .../catalina/connector/TestCoyoteOutputStream.java |   8 +-
 .../catalina/connector/TestOutputBuffer.java       |   4 +-
 .../org/apache/catalina/connector/TestRequest.java |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/connector/TestSendFile.java    |   2 +-
 .../catalina/core/TestApplicationContext.java      |   4 +-
 ...TestApplicationContextGetRequestDispatcher.java |   4 +-
 .../catalina/core/TestApplicationHttpRequest.java  |   4 +-
 .../apache/catalina/core/TestAsyncContextImpl.java |  26 +-
 .../core/TestAsyncContextStateChanges.java         |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/core/TestStandardContext.java  |   2 +-
 .../catalina/core/TestStandardContextValve.java    |   4 +-
 .../catalina/core/TestSwallowAbortedUploads.java   |   2 +-
 .../catalina/filters/TestAddCharSetFilter.java     |   2 +-
 .../filters/TestCsrfPreventionFilter2.java         |   2 +-
 .../TestWebappClassLoaderExecutorMemoryLeak.java   |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/mapper/TestMapperListener.java |   2 +-
 .../catalina/nonblocking/TestNonBlockingAPI.java   |  30 +-
 .../servlets/DefaultServletEncodingBaseTest.java   |   2 +-
 .../catalina/servlets/TestDefaultServlet.java      |   4 +-
 .../catalina/servlets/TestDefaultServletPut.java   |   2 +-
 test/org/apache/catalina/session/Benchmarks.java   |   4 +-
 test/org/apache/catalina/session/Threading.java    |   2 +-
 .../apache/catalina/startup/TestContextConfig.java |   2 +-
 .../catalina/startup/TestMultipartConfig.java      |   2 +-
 .../catalina/startup/TestTomcatClassLoader.java    |   2 +-
 .../catalina/startup/TestWebappServiceLoader.java  |   2 +-
 test/org/apache/catalina/tribes/demos/MapDemo.java |   2 +-
 .../group/interceptors/TestEncryptInterceptor.java |   2 +-
 test/org/apache/catalina/valves/Benchmarks.java    |   2 +-
 .../valves/TestLoadBalancerDrainingValve.java      |   2 +-
 test/org/apache/coyote/TestIoTimeouts.java         |   4 +-
 .../coyote/ajp/TestAbstractAjpProcessor.java       |   4 +-
 test/org/apache/coyote/ajp/TesterAjpMessage.java   |   8 +-
 .../coyote/http11/TestHttp11InputBuffer.java       |  10 +-
 .../coyote/http11/TestHttp11InputBufferCRLF.java   |   2 +-
 .../coyote/http11/TestHttp11OutputBuffer.java      |   2 +-
 .../apache/coyote/http11/TestHttp11Processor.java  |  14 +-
 .../http11/filters/TestChunkedInputFilter.java     |   6 +-
 .../apache/coyote/http11/upgrade/TestUpgrade.java  |   6 +-
 .../http11/upgrade/TestUpgradeInternalHandler.java |   4 +-
 test/org/apache/coyote/http2/Http2TestBase.java    |   6 +-
 .../apache/coyote/http2/TestAbstractStream.java    |   2 +-
 test/org/apache/coyote/http2/TestAsyncTimeout.java |   4 +-
 test/org/apache/coyote/http2/TestHpack.java        |   2 +-
 .../coyote/http2/TestHttp2InitialConnection.java   |   2 +-
 test/org/apache/coyote/http2/TestHttp2Limits.java  |   2 +-
 .../apache/coyote/http2/TestStreamQueryString.java |   2 +-
 test/org/apache/el/lang/TestELSupport.java         |  22 +-
 .../org/apache/jasper/el/TestJasperELResolver.java |   2 +-
 .../optimizations/TestELInterpreterTagSetters.java |   2 +-
 .../TestStringInterpreterTagSetters.java           |   2 +-
 .../runtime/TestTagHandlerPoolPerformance.java     |   4 +-
 test/org/apache/jasper/runtime/TesterBean.java     |   2 +-
 .../org/apache/juli/TestClassLoaderLogManager.java |   4 +-
 .../juli/TestOneLineFormatterPerformance.java      |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/unittest/TesterThreadedPerformance.java |   2 +-
 .../util/buf/TestCharsetCachePerformance.java      |   4 +-
 .../util/buf/TestMessageBytesConversion.java       |   4 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/util/http/TestCookieParsing.java |   4 +-
 .../http/TestCookieProcessorGenerationHttp.java    |   2 +-
 .../http/TestFastHttpDateFormatPerformance.java    |   2 +-
 .../util/http/TestMimeHeadersIntegration.java      |   2 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/util/http/TestParameters.java    |   2 +-
 .../util/http/TestRequestUtilSameOrigin.java       |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/util/http/parser/TestMediaType.java     |   2 +-
 .../util/net/openssl/ciphers/TestCipher.java       |   2 +-
 .../apache/tomcat/util/threads/TestLimitLatch.java |   2 +-
 test/org/apache/tomcat/websocket/TestUtil.java     |   2 +-
 .../tomcat/websocket/TesterFirehoseServer.java     |   2 +-
 .../WEB-INF/classes/async/Stockticker.java         |   6 +-
 .../examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/FooTag.java  |   2 +-
 .../WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Room.java  |   2 +-
 453 files changed, 2631 insertions(+), 2656 deletions(-)

diff --git a/java/jakarta/annotation/Generated.java b/java/jakarta/annotation/Generated.java
index 8348127a84..e13713dd50 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/annotation/Generated.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/annotation/Generated.java
@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ public @interface Generated {
      * @return The name of the code generator. It is recommended that the fully
      *         qualified name of the code generator is used.
      */
-    public String[] value();
+    String[] value();
     /**
      * @return The date the code was generated
      */
-    public String date() default "";
+    String date() default "";
     /**
      * @return Additional comments (if any) related to the code generation
      */
-    public String comments() default "";
+    String comments() default "";
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/annotation/Resource.java b/java/jakarta/annotation/Resource.java
index a80c573938..b779288923 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/annotation/Resource.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/annotation/Resource.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public @interface Resource {
     /**
      * The AuthenticationType, either CONTAINER or APPLICATION
      */
-    public enum AuthenticationType {
+    enum AuthenticationType {
         /**
          * Container authentication
          */
@@ -51,39 +51,39 @@ public @interface Resource {
     /**
      * @return a String with the name of the resource
      */
-    public String name() default "";
+    String name() default "";
 
     /**
      * Uses generics since Common Annotations 1.2.
      *
      * @return The type for instances of this resource
      */
-    public Class<?> type() default Object.class;
+    Class<?> type() default Object.class;
 
     /**
      * @return the AuthenticationType of the resource default CONTAINER
      */
-    public AuthenticationType authenticationType() default AuthenticationType.CONTAINER;
+    AuthenticationType authenticationType() default AuthenticationType.CONTAINER;
 
     /**
      * @return true (default) if the resource is shareable, or false if not
      */
-    public boolean shareable() default true;
+    boolean shareable() default true;
 
     /**
      * @return a string with the description for the resource
      */
-    public String description() default "";
+    String description() default "";
 
     /**
      * @return a string with the mappedName of the resource
      */
-    public String mappedName() default "";
+    String mappedName() default "";
 
     /**
      * @since Common Annotations 1.1
      *
      * @return The name of the entry, if any, to use for this resource
      */
-    public String lookup() default "";
+    String lookup() default "";
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/annotation/Resources.java b/java/jakarta/annotation/Resources.java
index 17c154bda8..6ade76d6a6 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/annotation/Resources.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/annotation/Resources.java
@@ -35,5 +35,5 @@ public @interface Resources {
     /**
      * @return a Resource[] with the value of this Resources
      */
-    public Resource[] value();
+    Resource[] value();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/annotation/security/DeclareRoles.java b/java/jakarta/annotation/security/DeclareRoles.java
index 0f2eb21e90..3762af6a94 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/annotation/security/DeclareRoles.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/annotation/security/DeclareRoles.java
@@ -33,5 +33,5 @@ public @interface DeclareRoles {
     /**
      * @return a String[] with the roles
      */
-    public String[] value();
+    String[] value();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/annotation/security/RolesAllowed.java b/java/jakarta/annotation/security/RolesAllowed.java
index 9bb62b578b..77cd130b40 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/annotation/security/RolesAllowed.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/annotation/security/RolesAllowed.java
@@ -33,5 +33,5 @@ public @interface RolesAllowed {
     /**
      * @return a String[] of the allowed roles
      */
-    public String[] value();
+    String[] value();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/annotation/security/RunAs.java b/java/jakarta/annotation/security/RunAs.java
index 33fe2762e4..d5029b7ecc 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/annotation/security/RunAs.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/annotation/security/RunAs.java
@@ -33,5 +33,5 @@ public @interface RunAs {
     /**
      * @return a String with the value for RunAs
      */
-    public String value();
+    String value();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/el/ArrayELResolver.java b/java/jakarta/el/ArrayELResolver.java
index 410c31b9ef..ae45f60795 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/el/ArrayELResolver.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/el/ArrayELResolver.java
@@ -142,14 +142,14 @@ public class ArrayELResolver extends ELResolver {
         return null;
     }
 
-    private static final void checkBounds(Object base, int idx) {
+    private static void checkBounds(Object base, int idx) {
         if (idx < 0 || idx >= Array.getLength(base)) {
             throw new PropertyNotFoundException(
                     new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(idx).getMessage());
         }
     }
 
-    private static final int coerce(Object property) {
+    private static int coerce(Object property) {
         if (property instanceof Number) {
             return ((Number) property).intValue();
         }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/el/BeanELResolver.java b/java/jakarta/el/BeanELResolver.java
index eb54c36bd6..869bcd5cf0 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/el/BeanELResolver.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/el/BeanELResolver.java
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ public class BeanELResolver extends ELResolver {
 
         private final Class<?> type;
 
-        public BeanProperties(Class<?> type) throws ELException {
+        BeanProperties(Class<?> type) throws ELException {
             this.type = type;
             this.properties = new HashMap<>();
             try {
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ public class BeanELResolver extends ELResolver {
 
         private Method write;
 
-        public BeanProperty(Class<?> owner, PropertyDescriptor descriptor) {
+        BeanProperty(Class<?> owner, PropertyDescriptor descriptor) {
             this.owner = owner;
             this.descriptor = descriptor;
             this.type = descriptor.getPropertyType();
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ public class BeanELResolver extends ELResolver {
         }
     }
 
-    private final BeanProperty property(ELContext ctx, Object base,
+    private BeanProperty property(ELContext ctx, Object base,
             Object property) {
         Class<?> type = base.getClass();
         String prop = property.toString();
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ public class BeanELResolver extends ELResolver {
         private final Map<K,V> eden;
         private final Map<K,V> longterm;
 
-        public ConcurrentCache(int size) {
+        ConcurrentCache(int size) {
             this.size = size;
             this.eden = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(size);
             this.longterm = new WeakHashMap<>(size);
diff --git a/java/jakarta/el/CompositeELResolver.java b/java/jakarta/el/CompositeELResolver.java
index 40821f5400..22f0a580c7 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/el/CompositeELResolver.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/el/CompositeELResolver.java
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ public class CompositeELResolver extends ELResolver {
 
         private FeatureDescriptor next;
 
-        public FeatureIterator(ELContext context, Object base, ELResolver[] resolvers, int size) {
+        FeatureIterator(ELContext context, Object base, ELResolver[] resolvers, int size) {
             this.context = context;
             this.base = base;
             this.resolvers = resolvers;
diff --git a/java/jakarta/el/ELContextListener.java b/java/jakarta/el/ELContextListener.java
index 8b7bf268bf..99da2c7514 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/el/ELContextListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/el/ELContextListener.java
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ package jakarta.el;
  */
 public interface ELContextListener extends java.util.EventListener {
 
-    public void contextCreated(ELContextEvent event);
+    void contextCreated(ELContextEvent event);
 
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/el/ELProcessor.java b/java/jakarta/el/ELProcessor.java
index 736ca9ce09..c7733c2a12 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/el/ELProcessor.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/el/ELProcessor.java
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ public class ELProcessor {
         private final String name;
         private final String[] parameterTypeNames;
 
-        public MethodSignature(ELContext context, String methodName,
+        MethodSignature(ELContext context, String methodName,
                 String className) throws NoSuchMethodException {
 
             int paramIndex = methodName.indexOf('(');
diff --git a/java/jakarta/el/ExpressionFactory.java b/java/jakarta/el/ExpressionFactory.java
index 4cc8f20897..3d38e9adc2 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/el/ExpressionFactory.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/el/ExpressionFactory.java
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ public abstract class ExpressionFactory {
         private final int hash;
         private final WeakReference<ClassLoader> ref;
 
-        public CacheKey(ClassLoader cl) {
+        CacheKey(ClassLoader cl) {
             hash = cl.hashCode();
             ref = new WeakReference<>(cl);
         }
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ public abstract class ExpressionFactory {
         private String className;
         private WeakReference<Class<?>> ref;
 
-        public CacheValue() {
+        CacheValue() {
         }
 
         public ReadWriteLock getLock() {
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ public abstract class ExpressionFactory {
         return null;
     }
 
-    private static final String getClassNameSysProp() {
+    private static String getClassNameSysProp() {
         String value = System.getProperty(PROPERTY_NAME);
         if (value != null && value.trim().length() > 0) {
             return value.trim();
diff --git a/java/jakarta/el/ListELResolver.java b/java/jakarta/el/ListELResolver.java
index c894bea3cf..bf4446405b 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/el/ListELResolver.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/el/ListELResolver.java
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ public class ListELResolver extends ELResolver {
         return null;
     }
 
-    private static final int coerce(Object property) {
+    private static int coerce(Object property) {
         if (property instanceof Number) {
             return ((Number) property).intValue();
         }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/el/StandardELContext.java b/java/jakarta/el/StandardELContext.java
index 669a072627..9f04060ac0 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/el/StandardELContext.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/el/StandardELContext.java
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public class StandardELContext extends ELContext {
 
         private final Map<String,Object> beans;
 
-        public StandardBeanNameResolver(Map<String,Object> beans) {
+        StandardBeanNameResolver(Map<String,Object> beans) {
             this.beans = beans;
         }
 
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ public class StandardELContext extends ELContext {
 
         private final Map<String,Method> methods = new HashMap<>();
 
-        public StandardFunctionMapper(Map<String,Method> initFunctionMap) {
+        StandardFunctionMapper(Map<String,Method> initFunctionMap) {
             if (initFunctionMap != null) {
                 methods.putAll(initFunctionMap);
             }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/el/Util.java b/java/jakarta/el/Util.java
index ee5848cb2d..40860e5231 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/el/Util.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/el/Util.java
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class Util {
         private final int hash;
         private final WeakReference<ClassLoader> ref;
 
-        public CacheKey(ClassLoader key) {
+        CacheKey(ClassLoader key) {
             hash = key.hashCode();
             ref = new WeakReference<>(key);
         }
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class Util {
         private final ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
         private WeakReference<ExpressionFactory> ref;
 
-        public CacheValue() {
+        CacheValue() {
         }
 
         public ReadWriteLock getLock() {
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ class Util {
     }
 
 
-    private static final String paramString(Class<?>[] types) {
+    private static String paramString(Class<?>[] types) {
         if (types != null) {
             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
             for (Class<?> type : types) {
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ class Util {
     private static class MethodWrapper extends Wrapper<Method> {
         private final Method m;
 
-        public MethodWrapper(Method m) {
+        MethodWrapper(Method m) {
             this.m = m;
         }
 
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ class Util {
     private static class ConstructorWrapper extends Wrapper<Constructor<?>> {
         private final Constructor<?> c;
 
-        public ConstructorWrapper(Constructor<?> c) {
+        ConstructorWrapper(Constructor<?> c) {
             this.c = c;
         }
 
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ class Util {
         private final int varArgsCount;
         private final boolean bridge;
 
-        public MatchResult(boolean varArgs, int exactCount, int assignableCount, int coercibleCount, int varArgsCount,
+        MatchResult(boolean varArgs, int exactCount, int assignableCount, int coercibleCount, int varArgsCount,
                 boolean bridge) {
             this.varArgs = varArgs;
             this.exactCount = exactCount;
diff --git a/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/MessagePolicy.java b/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/MessagePolicy.java
index 603705cd20..f58aaf5605 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/MessagePolicy.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/MessagePolicy.java
@@ -40,16 +40,16 @@ public class MessagePolicy {
         return targetPolicies;
     }
 
-    public static interface ProtectionPolicy {
+    public interface ProtectionPolicy {
 
-        static String AUTHENTICATE_SENDER = "#authenticateSender";
-        static String AUTHENTICATE_CONTENT = "#authenticateContent";
-        static String AUTHENTICATE_RECIPIENT = "#authenticateRecipient";
+        String AUTHENTICATE_SENDER = "#authenticateSender";
+        String AUTHENTICATE_CONTENT = "#authenticateContent";
+        String AUTHENTICATE_RECIPIENT = "#authenticateRecipient";
 
         String getID();
     }
 
-    public static interface Target {
+    public interface Target {
 
         Object get(MessageInfo messageInfo);
 
diff --git a/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/callback/PrivateKeyCallback.java b/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/callback/PrivateKeyCallback.java
index fb9d43b086..c489c5166f 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/callback/PrivateKeyCallback.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/callback/PrivateKeyCallback.java
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public class PrivateKeyCallback implements Callback {
         return chain;
     }
 
-    public static interface Request {
+    public interface Request {
     }
 
     public static class AliasRequest implements Request {
diff --git a/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/callback/SecretKeyCallback.java b/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/callback/SecretKeyCallback.java
index 71c6a4ddda..7e16ea42da 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/callback/SecretKeyCallback.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/callback/SecretKeyCallback.java
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class SecretKeyCallback implements Callback {
         return key;
     }
 
-    public static interface Request {
+    public interface Request {
     }
 
     public static class AliasRequest implements Request {
diff --git a/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/config/AuthConfigFactory.java b/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/config/AuthConfigFactory.java
index 68282d6c65..f58a1e4b0c 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/config/AuthConfigFactory.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/security/auth/message/config/AuthConfigFactory.java
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ public abstract class AuthConfigFactory {
         return DEFAULT_JASPI_AUTHCONFIGFACTORYIMPL;
     }
 
-    public static interface RegistrationContext {
+    public interface RegistrationContext {
 
         String getMessageLayer();
 
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/AsyncContext.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/AsyncContext.java
index aafb05724e..91b2c60634 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/AsyncContext.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/AsyncContext.java
@@ -26,37 +26,37 @@ public interface AsyncContext {
     /**
      * The attribute name for the URI of the async request
      */
-    public static final String ASYNC_REQUEST_URI =
+    String ASYNC_REQUEST_URI =
             "jakarta.servlet.async.request_uri";
 
     /**
      * The attribute name for the Context Path of the async request
      */
-    public static final String ASYNC_CONTEXT_PATH  =
+    String ASYNC_CONTEXT_PATH  =
             "jakarta.servlet.async.context_path";
 
     /**
      * The attribute name for the Mapping of the async request
      */
-    public static final String ASYNC_MAPPING =
+    String ASYNC_MAPPING =
             "jakarta.servlet.async.mapping";
 
     /**
      * The attribute name for the Path Info of the async request
      */
-    public static final String ASYNC_PATH_INFO =
+    String ASYNC_PATH_INFO =
             "jakarta.servlet.async.path_info";
 
     /**
      * The attribute name for the Servlet Path of the async request
      */
-    public static final String ASYNC_SERVLET_PATH =
+    String ASYNC_SERVLET_PATH =
             "jakarta.servlet.async.servlet_path";
 
     /**
      * The attribute name for the Query String of the async request
      */
-    public static final String ASYNC_QUERY_STRING =
+    String ASYNC_QUERY_STRING =
             "jakarta.servlet.async.query_string";
 
     /**
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/Filter.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/Filter.java
index dbbe71821d..4473ec3d7f 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/Filter.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/Filter.java
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public interface Filter {
      *
      * @throws ServletException if the initialisation fails
      */
-    public default void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {}
+    default void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {}
 
     /**
      * The <code>doFilter</code> method of the Filter is called by the container
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public interface Filter {
      *                     processing of the request
      * @throws ServletException if the processing fails for any other reason
      */
-    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
+    void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
             FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException;
 
     /**
@@ -116,5 +116,5 @@ public interface Filter {
      *
      * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
      */
-    public default void destroy() {}
+    default void destroy() {}
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterChain.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterChain.java
index 67ef19833e..d227808886 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterChain.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterChain.java
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public interface FilterChain {
      *                     request
      * @throws ServletException if the processing fails for any other reason
      */
-    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
+    void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
             throws IOException, ServletException;
 
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterConfig.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterConfig.java
index a7875651dc..a888ec7e16 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterConfig.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterConfig.java
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public interface FilterConfig {
      * @return The filter-name of this filter as defined in the deployment
      *         descriptor.
      */
-    public String getFilterName();
+    String getFilterName();
 
     /**
      * Returns a reference to the {@link ServletContext} in which the caller is
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public interface FilterConfig {
      *
      * @see ServletContext
      */
-    public ServletContext getServletContext();
+    ServletContext getServletContext();
 
     /**
      * Returns a <code>String</code> containing the value of the named
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public interface FilterConfig {
      * @return <code>String</code> containing the value of the initialization
      *         parameter
      */
-    public String getInitParameter(String name);
+    String getInitParameter(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns the names of the filter's initialization parameters as an
@@ -68,6 +68,6 @@ public interface FilterConfig {
      * @return <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code> objects
      *         containing the names of the filter's initialization parameters
      */
-    public Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames();
+    Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames();
 
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterRegistration.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterRegistration.java
index 1d1c9c167a..d75f7643aa 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterRegistration.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/FilterRegistration.java
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public interface FilterRegistration extends Registration {
      * @throws IllegalStateException if the associated ServletContext has
      *                               already been initialised
      */
-    public void addMappingForServletNames(
+    void addMappingForServletNames(
             EnumSet<DispatcherType> dispatcherTypes,
             boolean isMatchAfter, String... servletNames);
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public interface FilterRegistration extends Registration {
      *
      * @return a Collection of the Servlet name mappings
      */
-    public Collection<String> getServletNameMappings();
+    Collection<String> getServletNameMappings();
 
     /**
      * Add a mapping for this filter to one or more URL patterns.
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public interface FilterRegistration extends Registration {
      * @throws IllegalStateException if the associated ServletContext has
      *                               already been initialised
      */
-    public void addMappingForUrlPatterns(
+    void addMappingForUrlPatterns(
             EnumSet<DispatcherType> dispatcherTypes,
             boolean isMatchAfter, String... urlPatterns);
 
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ public interface FilterRegistration extends Registration {
      *
      * @return a Collection of the URL pattern mappings
      */
-    public Collection<String> getUrlPatternMappings();
+    Collection<String> getUrlPatternMappings();
 
     /**
      * Interface through which a Filter registered via one of the addFilter
      * methods on ServletContext may be further configured.
      */
-    public static interface Dynamic extends FilterRegistration, Registration.Dynamic {
+    interface Dynamic extends FilterRegistration, Registration.Dynamic {
         // No additional methods
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/ReadListener.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/ReadListener.java
index c31bba6170..08488ec4bc 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/ReadListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/ReadListener.java
@@ -34,19 +34,19 @@ public interface ReadListener extends java.util.EventListener{
      *
      * @throws IOException id an I/O error occurs while processing the event
      */
-    public abstract void onDataAvailable() throws IOException;
+    void onDataAvailable() throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Invoked when the request body has been fully read.
      *
      * @throws IOException id an I/O error occurs while processing the event
      */
-    public abstract void onAllDataRead() throws IOException;
+    void onAllDataRead() throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Invoked if an error occurs while reading the request body.
      *
      * @param throwable The exception that occurred
      */
-    public abstract void onError(java.lang.Throwable throwable);
+    void onError(java.lang.Throwable throwable);
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/Registration.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/Registration.java
index 3213fa47b4..b88c41e1cd 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/Registration.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/Registration.java
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ public interface Registration {
      *
      * @return the name of the Servlet.
      */
-    public String getName();
+    String getName();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the name of the implementation class for the Servlet.
      *
      * @return the name of the implementation class for the Servlet.
      */
-    public String getClassName();
+    String getClassName();
 
     /**
      * Add an initialisation parameter if not already added.
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public interface Registration {
      * @throws IllegalStateException if the ServletContext associated with this
      *         registration has already been initialised
      */
-    public boolean setInitParameter(String name, String value);
+    boolean setInitParameter(String name, String value);
 
     /**
      * Get the value of an initialisation parameter.
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public interface Registration {
      *
      * @return The value of the named initialisation parameter
      */
-    public String getInitParameter(String name);
+    String getInitParameter(String name);
 
     /**
      * Add multiple initialisation parameters. If any of the supplied
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public interface Registration {
      * @throws IllegalStateException if the ServletContext associated with this
      *         registration has already been initialised
      */
-    public Set<String> setInitParameters(Map<String,String> initParameters);
+    Set<String> setInitParameters(Map<String,String> initParameters);
 
     /**
      * Get the names and values of all the initialisation parameters.
@@ -87,14 +87,14 @@ public interface Registration {
      * @return A Map of initialisation parameter names and associated values
      *         keyed by name
      */
-    public Map<String, String> getInitParameters();
+    Map<String, String> getInitParameters();
 
     /**
      * Interface through which a Servlet or Filter registered via one of the
      * addServlet or addFilter methods, respectively, on ServletContext may be
      * further configured.
      */
-    public interface Dynamic extends Registration {
+    interface Dynamic extends Registration {
 
         /**
          * Mark this Servlet/Filter as supported asynchronous processing.
@@ -105,6 +105,6 @@ public interface Registration {
          * @throws IllegalStateException if the ServletContext associated with
          *         this registration has already been initialised
          */
-        public void setAsyncSupported(boolean isAsyncSupported);
+        void setAsyncSupported(boolean isAsyncSupported);
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/RequestDispatcher.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/RequestDispatcher.java
index 0c94b00921..ccd478b5b2 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/RequestDispatcher.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/RequestDispatcher.java
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    static final String FORWARD_REQUEST_URI = "jakarta.servlet.forward.request_uri";
+    String FORWARD_REQUEST_URI = "jakarta.servlet.forward.request_uri";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    static final String FORWARD_CONTEXT_PATH = "jakarta.servlet.forward.context_path";
+    String FORWARD_CONTEXT_PATH = "jakarta.servlet.forward.context_path";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    static final String FORWARD_MAPPING = "jakarta.servlet.forward.mapping";
+    String FORWARD_MAPPING = "jakarta.servlet.forward.mapping";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    static final String FORWARD_PATH_INFO = "jakarta.servlet.forward.path_info";
+    String FORWARD_PATH_INFO = "jakarta.servlet.forward.path_info";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    static final String FORWARD_SERVLET_PATH = "jakarta.servlet.forward.servlet_path";
+    String FORWARD_SERVLET_PATH = "jakarta.servlet.forward.servlet_path";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    static final String FORWARD_QUERY_STRING = "jakarta.servlet.forward.query_string";
+    String FORWARD_QUERY_STRING = "jakarta.servlet.forward.query_string";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    static final String INCLUDE_REQUEST_URI = "jakarta.servlet.include.request_uri";
+    String INCLUDE_REQUEST_URI = "jakarta.servlet.include.request_uri";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    static final String INCLUDE_CONTEXT_PATH = "jakarta.servlet.include.context_path";
+    String INCLUDE_CONTEXT_PATH = "jakarta.servlet.include.context_path";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    static final String INCLUDE_PATH_INFO = "jakarta.servlet.include.path_info";
+    String INCLUDE_PATH_INFO = "jakarta.servlet.include.path_info";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    static final String INCLUDE_MAPPING = "jakarta.servlet.include.mapping";
+    String INCLUDE_MAPPING = "jakarta.servlet.include.mapping";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    static final String INCLUDE_SERVLET_PATH = "jakarta.servlet.include.servlet_path";
+    String INCLUDE_SERVLET_PATH = "jakarta.servlet.include.servlet_path";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    static final String INCLUDE_QUERY_STRING = "jakarta.servlet.include.query_string";
+    String INCLUDE_QUERY_STRING = "jakarta.servlet.include.query_string";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public static final String ERROR_EXCEPTION = "jakarta.servlet.error.exception";
+    String ERROR_EXCEPTION = "jakarta.servlet.error.exception";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public static final String ERROR_EXCEPTION_TYPE = "jakarta.servlet.error.exception_type";
+    String ERROR_EXCEPTION_TYPE = "jakarta.servlet.error.exception_type";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public static final String ERROR_MESSAGE = "jakarta.servlet.error.message";
+    String ERROR_MESSAGE = "jakarta.servlet.error.message";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public static final String ERROR_REQUEST_URI = "jakarta.servlet.error.request_uri";
+    String ERROR_REQUEST_URI = "jakarta.servlet.error.request_uri";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public static final String ERROR_SERVLET_NAME = "jakarta.servlet.error.servlet_name";
+    String ERROR_SERVLET_NAME = "jakarta.servlet.error.servlet_name";
 
     /**
      * The name of the request attribute that should be set by the container
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public static final String ERROR_STATUS_CODE = "jakarta.servlet.error.status_code";
+    String ERROR_STATUS_CODE = "jakarta.servlet.error.status_code";
 
     /**
      * Forwards a request from a servlet to another resource (servlet, JSP file,
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      * @exception IllegalStateException
      *                if the response was already committed
      */
-    public void forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
+    void forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
             throws ServletException, IOException;
 
     /**
@@ -310,6 +310,6 @@ public interface RequestDispatcher {
      * @exception IOException
      *                if the included resource throws this exception
      */
-    public void include(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
+    void include(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
             throws ServletException, IOException;
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/Servlet.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/Servlet.java
index 2ee76a1b71..f19b751711 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/Servlet.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/Servlet.java
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public interface Servlet {
      * @see UnavailableException
      * @see #getServletConfig
      */
-    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException;
+    void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException;
 
     /**
      * Returns a {@link ServletConfig} object, which contains initialization and
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public interface Servlet {
      *
      * @see #init
      */
-    public ServletConfig getServletConfig();
+    ServletConfig getServletConfig();
 
     /**
      * Called by the servlet container to allow the servlet to respond to a
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public interface Servlet {
      * @exception IOException
      *                if an input or output exception occurs
      */
-    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
+    void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
             throws ServletException, IOException;
 
     /**
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ public interface Servlet {
      *
      * @return a <code>String</code> containing servlet information
      */
-    public String getServletInfo();
+    String getServletInfo();
 
     /**
      * Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet
@@ -172,5 +172,5 @@ public interface Servlet {
      * sure that any persistent state is synchronized with the servlet's current
      * state in memory.
      */
-    public void destroy();
+    void destroy();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletConfig.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletConfig.java
index a8cdfc3ec1..ee3f0d8a60 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletConfig.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletConfig.java
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public interface ServletConfig {
      *
      * @return the name of the servlet instance
      */
-    public String getServletName();
+    String getServletName();
 
     /**
      * Returns a reference to the {@link ServletContext} in which the caller is
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public interface ServletConfig {
      *         with its servlet container
      * @see ServletContext
      */
-    public ServletContext getServletContext();
+    ServletContext getServletContext();
 
     /**
      * Returns a <code>String</code> containing the value of the named
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public interface ServletConfig {
      * @return a <code>String</code> containing the value of the initialization
      *         parameter
      */
-    public String getInitParameter(String name);
+    String getInitParameter(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns the names of the servlet's initialization parameters as an
@@ -65,5 +65,5 @@ public interface ServletConfig {
      * @return an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code> objects
      *         containing the names of the servlet's initialization parameters
      */
-    public Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames();
+    Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContext.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContext.java
index 97a99d6872..08a23b4199 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContext.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContext.java
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      * The name of the ServletContext attribute that holds the temporary file
      * location for the web application.
      */
-    public static final String TEMPDIR = "jakarta.servlet.context.tempdir";
+    String TEMPDIR = "jakarta.servlet.context.tempdir";
 
     /**
      * The name of the ServletContext attribute that holds the ordered list of
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public static final String ORDERED_LIBS = "jakarta.servlet.context.orderedLibs";
+    String ORDERED_LIBS = "jakarta.servlet.context.orderedLibs";
 
     /**
      * Return the main path associated with this context.
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 2.5
      */
-    public String getContextPath();
+    String getContextPath();
 
     /**
      * Returns a <code>ServletContext</code> object that corresponds to a
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *         to restrict this access.
      * @see RequestDispatcher
      */
-    public ServletContext getContext(String uripath);
+    ServletContext getContext(String uripath);
 
     /**
      * Returns the major version of the Java Servlet API that this servlet
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @return 6
      */
-    public int getMajorVersion();
+    int getMajorVersion();
 
     /**
      * Returns the minor version of the Servlet API that this servlet container
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @return 0
      */
-    public int getMinorVersion();
+    int getMinorVersion();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the major version of the servlet specification for which this web
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public int getEffectiveMajorVersion();
+    int getEffectiveMajorVersion();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the minor version of the servlet specification for which this web
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public int getEffectiveMinorVersion();
+    int getEffectiveMinorVersion();
 
     /**
      * Returns the MIME type of the specified file, or <code>null</code> if the
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *            a <code>String</code> specifying the name of a file
      * @return a <code>String</code> specifying the file's MIME type
      */
-    public String getMimeType(String file);
+    String getMimeType(String file);
 
     /**
      * Returns a directory-like listing of all the paths to resources within the
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *         supplied path.
      * @since Servlet 2.3
      */
-    public Set<String> getResourcePaths(String path);
+    Set<String> getResourcePaths(String path);
 
     /**
      * Returns a URL to the resource that is mapped to a specified path. The
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      * @exception MalformedURLException
      *                if the pathname is not given in the correct form
      */
-    public URL getResource(String path) throws MalformedURLException;
+    URL getResource(String path) throws MalformedURLException;
 
     /**
      * Returns the resource located at the named path as an
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      * @return the <code>InputStream</code> returned to the servlet, or
      *         <code>null</code> if no resource exists at the specified path
      */
-    public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String path);
+    InputStream getResourceAsStream(String path);
 
     /**
      * Returns a {@link RequestDispatcher} object that acts as a wrapper for the
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      * @see RequestDispatcher
      * @see ServletContext#getContext
      */
-    public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path);
+    RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path);
 
     /**
      * Returns a {@link RequestDispatcher} object that acts as a wrapper for the
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      * @see ServletContext#getContext
      * @see ServletConfig#getServletName
      */
-    public RequestDispatcher getNamedDispatcher(String name);
+    RequestDispatcher getNamedDispatcher(String name);
 
     /**
      * Writes the specified message to a servlet log file, usually an event log.
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *            a <code>String</code> specifying the message to be written to
      *            the log file
      */
-    public void log(String msg);
+    void log(String msg);
 
     /**
      * Writes an explanatory message and a stack trace for a given
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      * @param throwable
      *            the <code>Throwable</code> error or exception
      */
-    public void log(String message, Throwable throwable);
+    void log(String message, Throwable throwable);
 
     /**
      * Returns a <code>String</code> containing the real path for a given
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      * @return a <code>String</code> specifying the real path, or null if the
      *         translation cannot be performed
      */
-    public String getRealPath(String path);
+    String getRealPath(String path);
 
     /**
      * Returns the name and version of the servlet container on which the
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      * @return a <code>String</code> containing at least the servlet container
      *         name and version number
      */
-    public String getServerInfo();
+    String getServerInfo();
 
     /**
      * Returns a <code>String</code> containing the value of the named
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *         <code>null</code>
      * @see ServletConfig#getInitParameter
      */
-    public String getInitParameter(String name);
+    String getInitParameter(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns the names of the context's initialization parameters as an
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      * @see ServletConfig#getInitParameter
      */
 
-    public Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames();
+    Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames();
 
     /**
      * Set the given initialisation parameter to the given value.
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *         <code>null</code>
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public boolean setInitParameter(String name, String value);
+    boolean setInitParameter(String name, String value);
 
     /**
      * Returns the servlet container attribute with the given name, or
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *         <code>null</code>
      * @see ServletContext#getAttributeNames
      */
-    public Object getAttribute(String name);
+    Object getAttribute(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> containing the attribute names
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @see #getAttribute
      */
-    public Enumeration<String> getAttributeNames();
+    Enumeration<String> getAttributeNames();
 
     /**
      * Binds an object to a given attribute name in this servlet context. If the
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      * @throws NullPointerException If the provided attribute name is
      *         <code>null</code>
      */
-    public void setAttribute(String name, Object object);
+    void setAttribute(String name, Object object);
 
     /**
      * Removes the attribute with the given name from the servlet context. After
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *            a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the attribute to
      *            be removed
      */
-    public void removeAttribute(String name);
+    void removeAttribute(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns the name of this web application corresponding to this
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *         declared in the deployment descriptor.
      * @since Servlet 2.3
      */
-    public String getServletContextName();
+    String getServletContextName();
 
     /**
      * Register a servlet implementation for use in this ServletContext.
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *    use this method.
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public ServletRegistration.Dynamic addServlet(String servletName, String className);
+    ServletRegistration.Dynamic addServlet(String servletName, String className);
 
     /**
      * Register a servlet instance for use in this ServletContext.
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *    use this method.
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public ServletRegistration.Dynamic addServlet(String servletName, Servlet servlet);
+    ServletRegistration.Dynamic addServlet(String servletName, Servlet servlet);
 
     /**
      * Add servlet to the context.
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *    use this method.
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public ServletRegistration.Dynamic addServlet(String servletName,
+    ServletRegistration.Dynamic addServlet(String servletName,
             Class<? extends Servlet> servletClass);
 
     /**
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public ServletRegistration.Dynamic addJspFile(String jspName, String jspFile);
+    ServletRegistration.Dynamic addJspFile(String jspName, String jspFile);
 
     /**
      * Create an Servlet instance using the given class. The instance is just
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public <T extends Servlet> T createServlet(Class<T> c)
+    <T extends Servlet> T createServlet(Class<T> c)
             throws ServletException;
 
     /**
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public ServletRegistration getServletRegistration(String servletName);
+    ServletRegistration getServletRegistration(String servletName);
 
     /**
      * Obtain a Map of servlet names to servlet registrations for all servlets
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public Map<String, ? extends ServletRegistration> getServletRegistrations();
+    Map<String, ? extends ServletRegistration> getServletRegistrations();
 
     /**
      * Add filter to context.
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *             If the context has already been initialised
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public FilterRegistration.Dynamic addFilter(String filterName, String className);
+    FilterRegistration.Dynamic addFilter(String filterName, String className);
 
     /**
      * Add filter to context.
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *             If the context has already been initialised
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public FilterRegistration.Dynamic addFilter(String filterName, Filter filter);
+    FilterRegistration.Dynamic addFilter(String filterName, Filter filter);
 
     /**
      * Add filter to context.
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *             If the context has already been initialised
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public FilterRegistration.Dynamic addFilter(String filterName,
+    FilterRegistration.Dynamic addFilter(String filterName,
             Class<? extends Filter> filterClass);
 
     /**
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public <T extends Filter> T createFilter(Class<T> c) throws ServletException;
+    <T extends Filter> T createFilter(Class<T> c) throws ServletException;
 
     /**
      * TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *    use this method.
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public FilterRegistration getFilterRegistration(String filterName);
+    FilterRegistration getFilterRegistration(String filterName);
 
     /**
      * @return TODO
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *    use this method.
      * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
      */
-    public Map<String, ? extends FilterRegistration> getFilterRegistrations();
+    Map<String, ? extends FilterRegistration> getFilterRegistrations();
 
     /**
      * @return TODO
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *    use this method.
      * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
      */
-    public SessionCookieConfig getSessionCookieConfig();
+    SessionCookieConfig getSessionCookieConfig();
 
     /**
      * Configures the available session tracking modes for this web application.
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *    use this method.
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public void setSessionTrackingModes(
+    void setSessionTrackingModes(
             Set<SessionTrackingMode> sessionTrackingModes);
 
     /**
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public Set<SessionTrackingMode> getDefaultSessionTrackingModes();
+    Set<SessionTrackingMode> getDefaultSessionTrackingModes();
 
     /**
      * Obtains the currently enabled session tracking modes for this web
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public Set<SessionTrackingMode> getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes();
+    Set<SessionTrackingMode> getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes();
 
     /**
      * TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *    use this method.
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public void addListener(String className);
+    void addListener(String className);
 
     /**
      * TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *    use this method.
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public <T extends EventListener> void addListener(T t);
+    <T extends EventListener> void addListener(T t);
 
     /**
      * TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *    use this method.
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public void addListener(Class<? extends EventListener> listenerClass);
+    void addListener(Class<? extends EventListener> listenerClass);
 
     /**
      * TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *    use this method.
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public <T extends EventListener> T createListener(Class<T> c)
+    <T extends EventListener> T createListener(Class<T> c)
             throws ServletException;
 
     /**
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
      */
-    public JspConfigDescriptor getJspConfigDescriptor();
+    JspConfigDescriptor getJspConfigDescriptor();
 
     /**
      * Get the web application class loader associated with this ServletContext.
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public ClassLoader getClassLoader();
+    ClassLoader getClassLoader();
 
     /**
      * Add to the declared roles for this ServletContext.
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *         initialised
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public void declareRoles(String... roleNames);
+    void declareRoles(String... roleNames);
 
     /**
      * Get the primary name of the virtual host on which this context is
@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.1
      */
-    public String getVirtualServerName();
+    String getVirtualServerName();
 
     /**
      * Get the default session timeout.
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public int getSessionTimeout();
+    int getSessionTimeout();
 
     /**
      * Set the default session timeout. This method may only be called before
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public void setSessionTimeout(int sessionTimeout);
+    void setSessionTimeout(int sessionTimeout);
 
     /**
      * Get the default character encoding for reading request bodies.
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public String getRequestCharacterEncoding();
+    String getRequestCharacterEncoding();
 
     /**
      * Set the default character encoding to use for reading request bodies.
@@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public void setRequestCharacterEncoding(String encoding);
+    void setRequestCharacterEncoding(String encoding);
 
     /**
      * Get the default character encoding for writing response bodies.
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public String getResponseCharacterEncoding();
+    String getResponseCharacterEncoding();
 
     /**
      * Set the default character encoding to use for writing response bodies.
@@ -998,5 +998,5 @@ public interface ServletContext {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public void setResponseCharacterEncoding(String encoding);
+    void setResponseCharacterEncoding(String encoding);
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContextAttributeListener.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContextAttributeListener.java
index ded0ca87ea..c217778108 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContextAttributeListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContextAttributeListener.java
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public interface ServletContextAttributeListener extends EventListener {
      * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
      * @param scae Information about the new attribute
      */
-    public default void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
+    default void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public interface ServletContextAttributeListener extends EventListener {
      * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
      * @param scae Information about the removed attribute
      */
-    public default void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
+    default void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -54,6 +54,6 @@ public interface ServletContextAttributeListener extends EventListener {
      * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
      * @param scae Information about the replaced attribute
      */
-    public default void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
+    default void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContextListener.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContextListener.java
index 88327efe97..991a77a2fe 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContextListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletContextListener.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public interface ServletContextListener extends EventListener {
      * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
      * @param sce Information about the ServletContext that was initialized
      */
-    public default void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
+    default void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -47,6 +47,6 @@ public interface ServletContextListener extends EventListener {
      * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
      * @param sce Information about the ServletContext that was destroyed
      */
-    public default void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
+    default void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRegistration.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRegistration.java
index f2c80cf21e..699f486479 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRegistration.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRegistration.java
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public interface ServletRegistration extends Registration {
      * @throws IllegalStateException if the associated ServletContext has
      *                                  already been initialised
      */
-    public Set<String> addMapping(String... urlPatterns);
+    Set<String> addMapping(String... urlPatterns);
 
     /**
      * Gets the currently available mappings of the Servlet represented by this
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public interface ServletRegistration extends Registration {
      * @return a (possibly empty) Collection of the currently available mappings
      * of the Servlet represented by this ServletRegistration
      */
-    public Collection<String> getMappings();
+    Collection<String> getMappings();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the name of the user / group under which the Servlet has been
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ public interface ServletRegistration extends Registration {
      * @return the name of the user / group or {@code null} if none has been
      *         specified
      */
-    public String getRunAsRole();
+    String getRunAsRole();
 
     /**
      * Interface through which a Servlet registered via one of the addServlet
      * methods on ServletContext may be further configured.
      */
-    public static interface Dynamic extends ServletRegistration, Registration.Dynamic {
+    interface Dynamic extends ServletRegistration, Registration.Dynamic {
 
         /**
          * Set the loadOnStartup order for the Servlet
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public interface ServletRegistration extends Registration {
          *                      started (higher numbers are started after lower
          *                      numbers)
          */
-        public void setLoadOnStartup(int loadOnStartup);
+        void setLoadOnStartup(int loadOnStartup);
 
         /**
          * Add security constraints to this Servlet.
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ public interface ServletRegistration extends Registration {
          * @return urls currently mapped to this registration that are already
          *         present in web.xml
          */
-        public Set<String> setServletSecurity(ServletSecurityElement constraint);
+        Set<String> setServletSecurity(ServletSecurityElement constraint);
 
         /**
          * Set the multi-part configuration for the associated Servlet. To clear
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ public interface ServletRegistration extends Registration {
          * @param multipartConfig The configuration to associate with the
          *                        Servlet
          */
-        public void setMultipartConfig(MultipartConfigElement multipartConfig);
+        void setMultipartConfig(MultipartConfigElement multipartConfig);
 
         /**
          * Set the name of the user / group under which the Servlet should be
@@ -108,6 +108,6 @@ public interface ServletRegistration extends Registration {
          *
          * @param roleName name of the user / group or {@code null} if none
          */
-        public void setRunAsRole(String roleName);
+        void setRunAsRole(String roleName);
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequest.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequest.java
index ea0c549e4b..712c56dc0b 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequest.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequest.java
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @return an <code>Object</code> containing the value of the attribute, or
      *         <code>null</code> if the attribute does not exist
      */
-    public Object getAttribute(String name);
+    Object getAttribute(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> containing the names of the
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @return an <code>Enumeration</code> of strings containing the names of the
      *         request's attributes
      */
-    public Enumeration<String> getAttributeNames();
+    Enumeration<String> getAttributeNames();
 
     /**
      * Returns the name of the character encoding used in the body of this
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *         encoding, or <code>null</code> if the request does not specify a
      *         character encoding
      */
-    public String getCharacterEncoding();
+    String getCharacterEncoding();
 
     /**
      * Overrides the name of the character encoding used in the body of this
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
      *             if this is not a valid encoding
      */
-    public void setCharacterEncoding(String env)
+    void setCharacterEncoding(String env)
             throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
 
     /**
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @return an integer containing the length of the request body or -1 if the
      *         length is not known or is greater than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}
      */
-    public int getContentLength();
+    int getContentLength();
 
     /**
      * Returns the length, in bytes, of the request body and made available by
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *         the length is not known
      * @since Servlet 3.1
      */
-    public long getContentLengthLong();
+    long getContentLengthLong();
 
     /**
      * Returns the MIME type of the body of the request, or <code>null</code> if
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @return a <code>String</code> containing the name of the MIME type of the
      *         request, or null if the type is not known
      */
-    public String getContentType();
+    String getContentType();
 
     /**
      * Retrieves the body of the request as binary data using a
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @exception IOException
      *                if an input or output exception occurred
      */
-    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException;
+    ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Returns the value of a request parameter as a <code>String</code>, or
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *         parameter
      * @see #getParameterValues
      */
-    public String getParameter(String name);
+    String getParameter(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code> objects
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *         or an empty <code>Enumeration</code> if the request has no
      *         parameters
      */
-    public Enumeration<String> getParameterNames();
+    Enumeration<String> getParameterNames();
 
     /**
      * Returns an array of <code>String</code> objects containing all of the
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *         values
      * @see #getParameter
      */
-    public String[] getParameterValues(String name);
+    String[] getParameterValues(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns a java.util.Map of the parameters of this request. Request
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *         of type String. The values in the parameter map are of type
      *         String array.
      */
-    public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap();
+    Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap();
 
     /**
      * Returns the name and version of the protocol the request uses in the form
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @return a <code>String</code> containing the protocol name and version
      *         number
      */
-    public String getProtocol();
+    String getProtocol();
 
     /**
      * Returns the name of the scheme used to make this request, for example,
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @return a <code>String</code> containing the name of the scheme used to
      *         make this request
      */
-    public String getScheme();
+    String getScheme();
 
     /**
      * Returns the host name of the server to which the request was sent. It is
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *
      * @return a <code>String</code> containing the name of the server
      */
-    public String getServerName();
+    String getServerName();
 
     /**
      * Returns the port number to which the request was sent. It is the value of
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *
      * @return an integer specifying the port number
      */
-    public int getServerPort();
+    int getServerPort();
 
     /**
      * Retrieves the body of the request as character data using a
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *                if an input or output exception occurred
      * @see #getInputStream
      */
-    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException;
+    BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the client or last proxy
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @return a <code>String</code> containing the IP address of the client
      *         that sent the request
      */
-    public String getRemoteAddr();
+    String getRemoteAddr();
 
     /**
      * Returns the fully qualified name of the client or the last proxy that
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @return a <code>String</code> containing the fully qualified name of the
      *         client
      */
-    public String getRemoteHost();
+    String getRemoteHost();
 
     /**
      * Stores an attribute in this request. Attributes are reset between
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @param o
      *            the <code>Object</code> to be stored
      */
-    public void setAttribute(String name, Object o);
+    void setAttribute(String name, Object o);
 
     /**
      * Removes an attribute from this request. This method is not generally
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *            a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the attribute to
      *            remove
      */
-    public void removeAttribute(String name);
+    void removeAttribute(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns the preferred <code>Locale</code> that the client will accept
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *
      * @return the preferred <code>Locale</code> for the client
      */
-    public Locale getLocale();
+    Locale getLocale();
 
     /**
      * Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>Locale</code> objects
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @return an <code>Enumeration</code> of preferred <code>Locale</code>
      *         objects for the client
      */
-    public Enumeration<Locale> getLocales();
+    Enumeration<Locale> getLocales();
 
     /**
      * Returns a boolean indicating whether this request was made using a secure
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @return a boolean indicating if the request was made using a secure
      *         channel
      */
-    public boolean isSecure();
+    boolean isSecure();
 
     /**
      * Returns a {@link RequestDispatcher} object that acts as a wrapper for the
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @see RequestDispatcher
      * @see ServletContext#getRequestDispatcher
      */
-    public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path);
+    RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path);
 
     /**
      * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) source port of the client or last
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 2.4
      */
-    public int getRemotePort();
+    int getRemotePort();
 
     /**
      * Returns the host name of the Internet Protocol (IP) interface on which
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *         the request was received.
      * @since Servlet 2.4
      */
-    public String getLocalName();
+    String getLocalName();
 
     /**
      * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the interface on which the
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *         request was received.
      * @since Servlet 2.4
      */
-    public String getLocalAddr();
+    String getLocalAddr();
 
     /**
      * Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) port number of the interface on which
@@ -441,20 +441,20 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 2.4
      */
-    public int getLocalPort();
+    int getLocalPort();
 
     /**
      * @return TODO
      * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
      */
-    public ServletContext getServletContext();
+    ServletContext getServletContext();
 
     /**
      * @return TODO
      * @throws IllegalStateException If async is not supported for this request
      * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
      */
-    public AsyncContext startAsync() throws IllegalStateException;
+    AsyncContext startAsync() throws IllegalStateException;
 
     /**
      * @param servletRequest    The ServletRequest with which to initialise the
@@ -465,20 +465,20 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      * @throws IllegalStateException If async is not supported for this request
      * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
      */
-    public AsyncContext startAsync(ServletRequest servletRequest,
+    AsyncContext startAsync(ServletRequest servletRequest,
             ServletResponse servletResponse) throws IllegalStateException;
 
     /**
      * @return TODO
      * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
      */
-    public boolean isAsyncStarted();
+    boolean isAsyncStarted();
 
     /**
      * @return TODO
      * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
      */
-    public boolean isAsyncSupported();
+    boolean isAsyncSupported();
 
     /**
      * Get the current AsyncContext.
@@ -490,13 +490,13 @@ public interface ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public AsyncContext getAsyncContext();
+    AsyncContext getAsyncContext();
 
     /**
      * @return TODO
      * @since Servlet 3.0 TODO SERVLET3 - Add comments
      */
-    public DispatcherType getDispatcherType();
+    DispatcherType getDispatcherType();
 
     /**
      * Obtain a unique (within the lifetime of the Servlet container) identifier
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequestAttributeListener.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequestAttributeListener.java
index 28a8631f92..a4a8912132 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequestAttributeListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequestAttributeListener.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public interface ServletRequestAttributeListener extends EventListener {
      * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
      * @param srae Information about the new request attribute
      */
-    public default void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
+    default void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public interface ServletRequestAttributeListener extends EventListener {
      * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
      * @param srae Information about the removed request attribute
      */
-    public default void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
+    default void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public interface ServletRequestAttributeListener extends EventListener {
      * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
      * @param srae Information about the replaced request attribute
      */
-    public default void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
+    default void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequestListener.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequestListener.java
index 45087440ea..5ad6e79b0f 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequestListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletRequestListener.java
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ public interface ServletRequestListener extends EventListener {
      * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
      * @param sre Information about the request
      */
-    public default void requestDestroyed (ServletRequestEvent sre) {
+    default void requestDestroyed (ServletRequestEvent sre) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ public interface ServletRequestListener extends EventListener {
      * The default implementation is a NO-OP.
      * @param sre Information about the request
      */
-    public default void requestInitialized (ServletRequestEvent sre) {
+    default void requestInitialized (ServletRequestEvent sre) {
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletResponse.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletResponse.java
index 595051515a..ff85e3bada 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletResponse.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/ServletResponse.java
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      * @return a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the character
      *         encoding, for example, <code>UTF-8</code>
      */
-    public String getCharacterEncoding();
+    String getCharacterEncoding();
 
     /**
      * Returns the content type used for the MIME body sent in this response.
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      *         <code>text/html; charset=UTF-8</code>, or null
      * @since Servlet 2.4
      */
-    public String getContentType();
+    String getContentType();
 
     /**
      * Returns a {@link ServletOutputStream} suitable for writing binary data in
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      *                if an input or output exception occurred
      * @see #getWriter
      */
-    public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
+    ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Returns a <code>PrintWriter</code> object that can send character text to
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      * @see #getOutputStream
      * @see #setCharacterEncoding
      */
-    public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
+    PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Sets the character encoding (MIME charset) of the response being sent to
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      * @see #setContentType #setLocale
      * @since Servlet 2.4
      */
-    public void setCharacterEncoding(String charset);
+    void setCharacterEncoding(String charset);
 
     /**
      * Sets the length of the content body in the response In HTTP servlets,
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      *            an integer specifying the length of the content being returned
      *            to the client; sets the Content-Length header
      */
-    public void setContentLength(int len);
+    void setContentLength(int len);
 
     /**
      * Sets the length of the content body in the response In HTTP servlets,
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.1
      */
-    public void setContentLengthLong(long length);
+    void setContentLengthLong(long length);
 
     /**
      * Sets the content type of the response being sent to the client, if the
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      * @see #getOutputStream
      * @see #getWriter
      */
-    public void setContentType(String type);
+    void setContentType(String type);
 
     /**
      * Sets the preferred buffer size for the body of the response. The servlet
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      * @see #isCommitted
      * @see #reset
      */
-    public void setBufferSize(int size);
+    void setBufferSize(int size);
 
     /**
      * Returns the actual buffer size used for the response. If no buffering is
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      * @see #isCommitted
      * @see #reset
      */
-    public int getBufferSize();
+    int getBufferSize();
 
     /**
      * Forces any content in the buffer to be written to the client. A call to
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      * @see #isCommitted
      * @see #reset
      */
-    public void flushBuffer() throws IOException;
+    void flushBuffer() throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Clears the content of the underlying buffer in the response without
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      *
      * @since Servlet 2.3
      */
-    public void resetBuffer();
+    void resetBuffer();
 
     /**
      * Returns a boolean indicating if the response has been committed. A
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      * @see #flushBuffer
      * @see #reset
      */
-    public boolean isCommitted();
+    boolean isCommitted();
 
     /**
      * Clears any data that exists in the buffer as well as the status code and
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      * @see #flushBuffer
      * @see #isCommitted
      */
-    public void reset();
+    void reset();
 
     /**
      * Sets the locale of the response, if the response has not been committed
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      * @see #setContentType
      * @see #setCharacterEncoding
      */
-    public void setLocale(Locale loc);
+    void setLocale(Locale loc);
 
     /**
      * Returns the locale specified for this response using the
@@ -366,6 +366,6 @@ public interface ServletResponse {
      *
      * @see #setLocale
      */
-    public Locale getLocale();
+    Locale getLocale();
 
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/SessionCookieConfig.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/SessionCookieConfig.java
index 7d03bd252d..10b3f2a169 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/SessionCookieConfig.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/SessionCookieConfig.java
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      * @throws IllegalStateException if the associated ServletContext has
      *         already been initialised
      */
-    public void setName(String name);
+    void setName(String name);
 
     /**
      * Obtain the name to use for the session cookies.
      *
      * @return the name to use for session cookies.
      */
-    public String getName();
+    String getName();
 
     /**
      * Sets the domain for the session cookie
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      * @throws IllegalStateException if the associated ServletContext has
      *         already been initialised
      */
-    public void setDomain(String domain);
+    void setDomain(String domain);
 
     /**
      * Obtain the domain to use for session cookies.
      *
      * @return the domain to use for session cookies.
      */
-    public String getDomain();
+    String getDomain();
 
     /**
      * Sets the path of the session cookie.
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      * @throws IllegalStateException if the associated ServletContext has
      *         already been initialised
      */
-    public void setPath(String path);
+    void setPath(String path);
 
     /**
      * Obtain the path to use for session cookies. This is normally the context
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      *
      * @return The path to use for session cookies.
      */
-    public String getPath();
+    String getPath();
 
     /**
      * If called, this method has no effect.
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      * @deprecated This is no longer required with RFC 6265
      */
     @Deprecated(since = "Servlet 6.0", forRemoval = true)
-    public void setComment(String comment);
+    void setComment(String comment);
 
     /**
      * With the adoption of support for RFC 6265, this method should no longer be used.
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      * @deprecated This is no longer required with RFC 6265
      */
     @Deprecated(since = "Servlet 6.0", forRemoval = true)
-    public String getComment();
+    String getComment();
 
     /**
      * Sets the httpOnly flag for the session cookie.
@@ -109,14 +109,14 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      * @throws IllegalStateException if the associated ServletContext has
      *         already been initialised
      */
-    public void setHttpOnly(boolean httpOnly);
+    void setHttpOnly(boolean httpOnly);
 
     /**
      * Will session cookies be created with the httpOnly flag set?
      *
      * @return {@code true} if the flag should be set, otherwise {@code false}
      */
-    public boolean isHttpOnly();
+    boolean isHttpOnly();
 
     /**
      * Sets the secure flag for the session cookie.
@@ -126,14 +126,14 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      * @throws IllegalStateException if the associated ServletContext has
      *         already been initialised
      */
-    public void setSecure(boolean secure);
+    void setSecure(boolean secure);
 
     /**
      * Will session cookies be created with the secure flag set?
      *
      * @return {@code true} if the flag should be set, otherwise {@code false}
      */
-    public boolean isSecure();
+    boolean isSecure();
 
     /**
      * Sets the maximum age.
@@ -142,14 +142,14 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      * @throws IllegalStateException if the associated ServletContext has
      *         already been initialised
      */
-    public void setMaxAge(int MaxAge);
+    void setMaxAge(int MaxAge);
 
     /**
      * Obtain the maximum age to set for a session cookie.
      *
      * @return the maximum age in seconds
      */
-    public int getMaxAge();
+    int getMaxAge();
 
     /**
      * Sets the value for the given session cookie attribute. When a value is
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      *
      * @since Servlet 6.0
      */
-    public void setAttribute(String name, String value);
+    void setAttribute(String name, String value);
 
     /**
      * Obtain the value for a sesison cookie given attribute. Values returned
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      *
      * @since Servlet 6.0
      */
-    public String getAttribute(String name);
+    String getAttribute(String name);
 
     /**
      * Obtain the Map of attributes and values (excluding version) for this
@@ -193,5 +193,5 @@ public interface SessionCookieConfig {
      *
      * @since Servlet 6.0
      */
-    public Map<String,String> getAttributes();
+    Map<String,String> getAttributes();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/WriteListener.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/WriteListener.java
index 6052e210fc..074875db9c 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/WriteListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/WriteListener.java
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ public interface WriteListener extends java.util.EventListener{
      *
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while processing this event
      */
-    public void onWritePossible() throws IOException;
+    void onWritePossible() throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Invoked if an error occurs while writing the response.
      *
      * @param throwable The throwable that represents the error that occurred
      */
-    public void onError(java.lang.Throwable throwable);
+    void onError(java.lang.Throwable throwable);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/JspConfigDescriptor.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/JspConfigDescriptor.java
index 78b78de59f..baee57a4cf 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/JspConfigDescriptor.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/JspConfigDescriptor.java
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public interface JspConfigDescriptor {
      *
      * @return the tag library descriptors
      */
-    public Collection<TaglibDescriptor> getTaglibs();
+    Collection<TaglibDescriptor> getTaglibs();
 
     /**
      * Provide the set of JSP property groups obtained from the
@@ -43,5 +43,5 @@ public interface JspConfigDescriptor {
      *
      * @return the JSP property groups
      */
-    public Collection<JspPropertyGroupDescriptor> getJspPropertyGroups();
+    Collection<JspPropertyGroupDescriptor> getJspPropertyGroups();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/JspPropertyGroupDescriptor.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/JspPropertyGroupDescriptor.java
index 84555c0c8f..34fac21246 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/JspPropertyGroupDescriptor.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/JspPropertyGroupDescriptor.java
@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ public interface JspPropertyGroupDescriptor {
      *
      * @return the patterns to which this group applies
      */
-    public Collection<String> getUrlPatterns();
+    Collection<String> getUrlPatterns();
 
     /**
      * Is Expression Language ignored for this group?
      *
      * @return {@code true} if EL is ignored, otherwise {@code false}
      */
-    public String getElIgnored();
+    String getElIgnored();
 
     /**
      * Will the use of an unknown identifier in EL within a JSP page trigger an
@@ -47,21 +47,21 @@ public interface JspPropertyGroupDescriptor {
      *
      * @since Servlet 6.0
      */
-    public String getErrorOnELNotFound();
+    String getErrorOnELNotFound();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the page encoding for this group.
      *
      * @return the page encoding for this group
      */
-    public String getPageEncoding();
+    String getPageEncoding();
 
     /**
      * Is scripting disabled for this group?
      *
      * @return {@code true} if scripting is disabled, otherwise {@code false}
      */
-    public String getScriptingInvalid();
+    String getScriptingInvalid();
 
     /**
      * Should the JSPs in this group be treated as JSP documents?
@@ -69,21 +69,21 @@ public interface JspPropertyGroupDescriptor {
      * @return {@code true} if the JSPs should be treated as JSP documents,
      *         otherwise {@code false}
      */
-    public String getIsXml();
+    String getIsXml();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the preludes to include for this group.
      *
      * @return the preludes to include for this group
      */
-    public Collection<String> getIncludePreludes();
+    Collection<String> getIncludePreludes();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the codas to include for this group.
      *
      * @return the codas to include for this group.
      */
-    public Collection<String> getIncludeCodas();
+    Collection<String> getIncludeCodas();
 
     /**
      * Is the deferred El syntax <code>#{...}</code> allowed to be used as a
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public interface JspPropertyGroupDescriptor {
      * @return {@code true} if the deferred EL syntax is allowed to be used as
      *         a literal, otherwise {@code false}
      */
-    public String getDeferredSyntaxAllowedAsLiteral();
+    String getDeferredSyntaxAllowedAsLiteral();
 
     /**
      * Should the JSPs in this group have template text that only contains
@@ -101,21 +101,21 @@ public interface JspPropertyGroupDescriptor {
      * @return {@code true} if the whitespace be removed, otherwise
      *         {@code false}
      */
-    public String getTrimDirectiveWhitespaces();
+    String getTrimDirectiveWhitespaces();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the default content type this group of JSP pages.#
      *
      * @return the default content type this group of JSP pages
      */
-    public String getDefaultContentType();
+    String getDefaultContentType();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the per-page buffer configuration for this group of JSP pages.
      *
      * @return the per-page buffer configuration for this group of JSP pages
      */
-    public String getBuffer();
+    String getBuffer();
 
     /**
      * Should an error be raised at translation time for a page in this group if
@@ -124,5 +124,5 @@ public interface JspPropertyGroupDescriptor {
      * @return {@code true} if an error should be raised, otherwise
      *         {@code false}
      */
-    public String getErrorOnUndeclaredNamespace();
+    String getErrorOnUndeclaredNamespace();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/TaglibDescriptor.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/TaglibDescriptor.java
index 4971093ba3..545377dc09 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/TaglibDescriptor.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/descriptor/TaglibDescriptor.java
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ public interface TaglibDescriptor {
      *
      * @return the URI for the tag library
      */
-    public String getTaglibURI();
+    String getTaglibURI();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the location of the tag library.
      *
      * @return the location of the tag library
      */
-    public String getTaglibLocation();
+    String getTaglibLocation();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServlet.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServlet.java
index 930529fdde..7f3c3e8901 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServlet.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServlet.java
@@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet {
         private final String encoding;
         private PrintWriter pw;
 
-        public NoBodyPrintWriter(NoBodyOutputStream out, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        NoBodyPrintWriter(NoBodyOutputStream out, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
             super(out);
             this.out = out;
             this.encoding = encoding;
@@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet {
 
         private final NoBodyResponse noBodyResponse;
 
-        public NoBodyAsyncContextListener(NoBodyResponse noBodyResponse) {
+        NoBodyAsyncContextListener(NoBodyResponse noBodyResponse) {
             this.noBodyResponse = noBodyResponse;
         }
 
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServletRequest.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServletRequest.java
index 050620b735..5e20cfdcad 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServletRequest.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServletRequest.java
@@ -36,19 +36,19 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
     /**
      * String identifier for Basic authentication. Value "BASIC"
      */
-    public static final String BASIC_AUTH = "BASIC";
+    String BASIC_AUTH = "BASIC";
     /**
      * String identifier for Form authentication. Value "FORM"
      */
-    public static final String FORM_AUTH = "FORM";
+    String FORM_AUTH = "FORM";
     /**
      * String identifier for Client Certificate authentication. Value "CLIENT_CERT"
      */
-    public static final String CLIENT_CERT_AUTH = "CLIENT_CERT";
+    String CLIENT_CERT_AUTH = "CLIENT_CERT";
     /**
      * String identifier for Digest authentication. Value "DIGEST"
      */
-    public static final String DIGEST_AUTH = "DIGEST";
+    String DIGEST_AUTH = "DIGEST";
 
     /**
      * Returns the name of the authentication scheme used to protect the servlet. All servlet containers support basic,
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *             comparison) or the container-specific string indicating the authentication scheme, or
      *             <code>null</code> if the request was not authenticated.
      */
-    public String getAuthType();
+    String getAuthType();
 
     /**
      * Returns an array containing all of the <code>Cookie</code> objects the client sent with this request. This method
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      * @return an array of all the <code>Cookies</code> included with this request, or <code>null</code> if the request
      *             has no cookies
      */
-    public Cookie[] getCookies();
+    Cookie[] getCookies();
 
     /**
      * Returns the value of the specified request header as a <code>long</code> value that represents a
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @exception IllegalArgumentException If the header value can't be converted to a date
      */
-    public long getDateHeader(String name);
+    long getDateHeader(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns the value of the specified request header as a <code>String</code>. If the request did not include a
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      * @return a <code>String</code> containing the value of the requested header, or <code>null</code> if the request
      *             does not have a header of that name
      */
-    public String getHeader(String name);
+    String getHeader(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns all the values of the specified request header as an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *             any headers of that name return an empty enumeration. If the container does not allow access to
      *             header information, return null
      */
-    public Enumeration<String> getHeaders(String name);
+    Enumeration<String> getHeaders(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns an enumeration of all the header names this request contains. If the request has no headers, this method
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      * @return an enumeration of all the header names sent with this request; if the request has no headers, an empty
      *             enumeration; if the servlet container does not allow servlets to use this method, <code>null</code>
      */
-    public Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames();
+    Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames();
 
     /**
      * Returns the value of the specified request header as an <code>int</code>. If the request does not have a header
@@ -149,14 +149,14 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @exception NumberFormatException If the header value can't be converted to an <code>int</code>
      */
-    public int getIntHeader(String name);
+    int getIntHeader(String name);
 
     /**
      * Obtain the mapping information for this request.
      *
      * @return the mapping information for this request
      */
-    public default HttpServletMapping getHttpServletMapping() {
+    default HttpServletMapping getHttpServletMapping() {
         return new HttpServletMapping() {
 
             @Override
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @return a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the method with which this request was made
      */
-    public String getMethod();
+    String getMethod();
 
     /**
      * Returns any extra path information associated with the URL the client sent when it made this request. The extra
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *             after the servlet path but before the query string in the request URL; or {@code null} if the URL
      *             does not have any extra path information
      */
-    public String getPathInfo();
+    String getPathInfo();
 
     /**
      * Returns any extra path information after the servlet name but before the query string, and translates it to a
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      * @return a <code>String</code> specifying the real path, or <code>null</code> if the URL does not have any extra
      *             path information
      */
-    public String getPathTranslated();
+    String getPathTranslated();
 
     /**
      * Obtain a builder for generating push requests. {@link PushBuilder} documents how this request will be used as the
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public default PushBuilder newPushBuilder() {
+    default PushBuilder newPushBuilder() {
         return null;
     }
 
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @return a <code>String</code> specifying the portion of the request URI that indicates the context of the request
      */
-    public String getContextPath();
+    String getContextPath();
 
     /**
      * Returns the query string that is contained in the request URL after the path. This method returns
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      * @return a <code>String</code> containing the query string or <code>null</code> if the URL contains no query
      *             string. The value is not decoded by the container.
      */
-    public String getQueryString();
+    String getQueryString();
 
     /**
      * Returns the login of the user making this request, if the user has been authenticated, or <code>null</code> if
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      * @return a <code>String</code> specifying the login of the user making this request, or <code>null</code> if the
      *             user login is not known
      */
-    public String getRemoteUser();
+    String getRemoteUser();
 
     /**
      * Returns a boolean indicating whether the authenticated user is included in the specified logical "role". Roles
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      * @return a <code>boolean</code> indicating whether the user making this request belongs to a given role;
      *             <code>false</code> if the user has not been authenticated
      */
-    public boolean isUserInRole(String role);
+    boolean isUserInRole(String role);
 
     /**
      * Returns a <code>java.security.Principal</code> object containing the name of the current authenticated user. If
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      * @return a <code>java.security.Principal</code> containing the name of the user making this request;
      *             <code>null</code> if the user has not been authenticated
      */
-    public java.security.Principal getUserPrincipal();
+    java.security.Principal getUserPrincipal();
 
     /**
      * Returns the session ID specified by the client. This may not be the same as the ID of the current valid session
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @see #isRequestedSessionIdValid
      */
-    public String getRequestedSessionId();
+    String getRequestedSessionId();
 
     /**
      * Returns the part of this request's URL from the protocol name up to the query string in the first line of the
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @see #getRequestURL
      */
-    public String getRequestURI();
+    String getRequestURI();
 
     /**
      * Reconstructs the URL the client used to make the request. The returned URL contains a protocol, server name, port
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @return a <code>StringBuffer</code> object containing the reconstructed URL
      */
-    public StringBuffer getRequestURL();
+    StringBuffer getRequestURL();
 
     /**
      * Returns the part of this request's URL that calls the servlet. This path starts with a "/" character and includes
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *             being called, as specified in the request URL, or an empty string if the servlet used to process the
      *             request is matched using the "/*" pattern.
      */
-    public String getServletPath();
+    String getServletPath();
 
     /**
      * Returns the current <code>HttpSession</code> associated with this request or, if there is no current session and
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @see #getSession()
      */
-    public HttpSession getSession(boolean create);
+    HttpSession getSession(boolean create);
 
     /**
      * Returns the current session associated with this request, or if the request does not have a session, creates one.
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @see #getSession(boolean)
      */
-    public HttpSession getSession();
+    HttpSession getSession();
 
     /**
      * Changes the session ID of the session associated with this request. This method does not create a new session
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.1
      */
-    public String changeSessionId();
+    String changeSessionId();
 
     /**
      * Checks whether the requested session ID is still valid.
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      * @see #getRequestedSessionId
      * @see #getSession
      */
-    public boolean isRequestedSessionIdValid();
+    boolean isRequestedSessionIdValid();
 
     /**
      * Checks whether the requested session ID came in as a cookie.
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @see #getSession
      */
-    public boolean isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie();
+    boolean isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie();
 
     /**
      * Checks whether the requested session ID came in as part of the request URL.
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @see #getSession
      */
-    public boolean isRequestedSessionIdFromURL();
+    boolean isRequestedSessionIdFromURL();
 
     /**
      * Triggers the same authentication process as would be triggered if the request is for a resource that is protected
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public boolean authenticate(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException;
+    boolean authenticate(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException;
 
     /**
      * Authenticate the provided user name and password and then associated the authenticated user with the request.
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public void login(String username, String password) throws ServletException;
+    void login(String username, String password) throws ServletException;
 
     /**
      * Removes any authenticated user from the request.
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public void logout() throws ServletException;
+    void logout() throws ServletException;
 
     /**
      * Return a collection of all uploaded Parts.
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public Collection<Part> getParts() throws IOException, ServletException;
+    Collection<Part> getParts() throws IOException, ServletException;
 
     /**
      * Gets the named Part or null if the Part does not exist. Triggers upload of all Parts.
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public Part getPart(String name) throws IOException, ServletException;
+    Part getPart(String name) throws IOException, ServletException;
 
     /**
      * Start the HTTP upgrade process and create and instance of the provided protocol handler class. The connection
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.1
      */
-    public <T extends HttpUpgradeHandler> T upgrade(Class<T> httpUpgradeHandlerClass)
+    <T extends HttpUpgradeHandler> T upgrade(Class<T> httpUpgradeHandlerClass)
             throws java.io.IOException, ServletException;
 
     /**
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public default Map<String, String> getTrailerFields() {
+    default Map<String, String> getTrailerFields() {
         return Collections.emptyMap();
     }
 
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public default boolean isTrailerFieldsReady() {
+    default boolean isTrailerFieldsReady() {
         return true;
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServletResponse.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServletResponse.java
index 7b1e84e2fa..e754c65bfe 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServletResponse.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpServletResponse.java
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @param cookie the Cookie to return to the client
      */
-    public void addCookie(Cookie cookie);
+    void addCookie(Cookie cookie);
 
     /**
      * Returns a boolean indicating whether the named response header has already been set.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @return <code>true</code> if the named response header has already been set; <code>false</code> otherwise
      */
-    public boolean containsHeader(String name);
+    boolean containsHeader(String name);
 
     /**
      * Encodes the specified URL by including the session ID in it, or, if encoding is not needed, returns the URL
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @return the encoded URL if encoding is needed; the unchanged URL otherwise.
      */
-    public String encodeURL(String url);
+    String encodeURL(String url);
 
     /**
      * Encodes the specified URL for use in the <code>sendRedirect</code> method or, if encoding is not needed, returns
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @see #sendRedirect
      */
-    public String encodeRedirectURL(String url);
+    String encodeRedirectURL(String url);
 
     /**
      * Sends an error response to the client using the specified status code and clears the output buffer. The server
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      * @exception IOException           If an input or output exception occurs
      * @exception IllegalStateException If the response was committed
      */
-    public void sendError(int sc, String msg) throws IOException;
+    void sendError(int sc, String msg) throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Sends an error response to the client using the specified status code and clears the buffer. This is equivalent
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      * @exception IOException           If an input or output exception occurs
      * @exception IllegalStateException If the response was committed before this method call
      */
-    public void sendError(int sc) throws IOException;
+    void sendError(int sc) throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Sends a temporary redirect response to the client using the specified redirect location URL. This method can
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      * @exception IllegalStateException If the response was committed or if a partial URL is given and cannot be
      *                                      converted into a valid URL
      */
-    public void sendRedirect(String location) throws IOException;
+    void sendRedirect(String location) throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Sets a response header with the given name and date-value. The date is specified in terms of milliseconds since
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      * @see #containsHeader
      * @see #addDateHeader
      */
-    public void setDateHeader(String name, long date);
+    void setDateHeader(String name, long date);
 
     /**
      * Adds a response header with the given name and date-value. The date is specified in terms of milliseconds since
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @see #setDateHeader
      */
-    public void addDateHeader(String name, long date);
+    void addDateHeader(String name, long date);
 
     /**
      * Sets a response header with the given name and value. If the header had already been set, the new value
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      * @see #containsHeader
      * @see #addHeader
      */
-    public void setHeader(String name, String value);
+    void setHeader(String name, String value);
 
     /**
      * Adds a response header with the given name and value. This method allows response headers to have multiple
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @see #setHeader
      */
-    public void addHeader(String name, String value);
+    void addHeader(String name, String value);
 
     /**
      * Sets a response header with the given name and integer value. If the header had already been set, the new value
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      * @see #containsHeader
      * @see #addIntHeader
      */
-    public void setIntHeader(String name, int value);
+    void setIntHeader(String name, int value);
 
     /**
      * Adds a response header with the given name and integer value. This method allows response headers to have
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @see #setIntHeader
      */
-    public void addIntHeader(String name, int value);
+    void addIntHeader(String name, int value);
 
     /**
      * Sets the status code for this response. This method is used to set the return status code when there is no error
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @see #sendError
      */
-    public void setStatus(int sc);
+    void setStatus(int sc);
 
     /**
      * Get the HTTP status code for this Response.
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public int getStatus();
+    int getStatus();
 
     /**
      * Return the value for the specified header, or <code>null</code> if this header has not been set. If more than one
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public String getHeader(String name);
+    String getHeader(String name);
 
     /**
      * Return a Collection of all the header values associated with the specified header name.
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public Collection<String> getHeaders(String name);
+    Collection<String> getHeaders(String name);
 
     /**
      * Get the header names set for this HTTP response.
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.0
      */
-    public Collection<String> getHeaderNames();
+    Collection<String> getHeaderNames();
 
     /**
      * Configure the supplier of the trailer headers. The supplier will be called in the scope of the thread that
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public default void setTrailerFields(Supplier<Map<String, String>> supplier) {
+    default void setTrailerFields(Supplier<Map<String, String>> supplier) {
         // NO-OP
     }
 
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
      *
      * @since Servlet 4.0
      */
-    public default Supplier<Map<String, String>> getTrailerFields() {
+    default Supplier<Map<String, String>> getTrailerFields() {
         return null;
     }
 
@@ -296,228 +296,228 @@ public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse {
     /**
      * Status code (100) indicating the client can continue.
      */
-    public static final int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
+    int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
 
     /**
      * Status code (101) indicating the server is switching protocols according to Upgrade header.
      */
-    public static final int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
+    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
 
     /**
      * Status code (200) indicating the request succeeded normally.
      */
-    public static final int SC_OK = 200;
+    int SC_OK = 200;
 
     /**
      * Status code (201) indicating the request succeeded and created a new resource on the server.
      */
-    public static final int SC_CREATED = 201;
+    int SC_CREATED = 201;
 
     /**
      * Status code (202) indicating that a request was accepted for processing, but was not completed.
      */
-    public static final int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
+    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
 
     /**
      * Status code (203) indicating that the meta information presented by the client did not originate from the server.
      */
-    public static final int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
+    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
 
     /**
      * Status code (204) indicating that the request succeeded but that there was no new information to return.
      */
-    public static final int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
+    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
 
     /**
      * Status code (205) indicating that the agent <em>SHOULD</em> reset the document view which caused the request to
      * be sent.
      */
-    public static final int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
+    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
 
     /**
      * Status code (206) indicating that the server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource.
      */
-    public static final int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
+    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
 
     /**
      * Status code (300) indicating that the requested resource corresponds to any one of a set of representations, each
      * with its own specific location.
      */
-    public static final int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
+    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
 
     /**
      * Status code (301) indicating that the resource has permanently moved to a new location, and that future
      * references should use a new URI with their requests.
      */
-    public static final int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
+    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
 
     /**
      * Status code (302) indicating that the resource has temporarily moved to another location, but that future
      * references should still use the original URI to access the resource. This definition is being retained for
      * backwards compatibility. SC_FOUND is now the preferred definition.
      */
-    public static final int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
+    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
 
     /**
      * Status code (302) indicating that the resource reside temporarily under a different URI. Since the redirection
      * might be altered on occasion, the client should continue to use the Request-URI for future requests.(HTTP/1.1) To
      * represent the status code (302), it is recommended to use this variable.
      */
-    public static final int SC_FOUND = 302;
+    int SC_FOUND = 302;
 
     /**
      * Status code (303) indicating that the response to the request can be found under a different URI.
      */
-    public static final int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
+    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
 
     /**
      * Status code (304) indicating that a conditional GET operation found that the resource was available and not
      * modified.
      */
-    public static final int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
+    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
 
     /**
      * Status code (305) indicating that the requested resource <em>MUST</em> be accessed through the proxy given by the
      * <code><em>Location</em></code> field.
      */
-    public static final int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
+    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
 
     /**
      * Status code (307) indicating that the requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. The temporary
      * URI <em>SHOULD</em> be given by the <code><em>Location</em></code> field in the response.
      */
-    public static final int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
+    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
 
     /**
      * Status code (400) indicating the request sent by the client was syntactically incorrect.
      */
-    public static final int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
+    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
 
     /**
      * Status code (401) indicating that the request requires HTTP authentication.
      */
-    public static final int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
+    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
 
     /**
      * Status code (402) reserved for future use.
      */
-    public static final int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
+    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
 
     /**
      * Status code (403) indicating the server understood the request but refused to fulfill it.
      */
-    public static final int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
+    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
 
     /**
      * Status code (404) indicating that the requested resource is not available.
      */
-    public static final int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
+    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
 
     /**
      * Status code (405) indicating that the method specified in the <code><em>Request-Line</em></code> is not allowed
      * for the resource identified by the <code><em>Request-URI</em></code>.
      */
-    public static final int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
+    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
 
     /**
      * Status code (406) indicating that the resource identified by the request is only capable of generating response
      * entities which have content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the request.
      */
-    public static final int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
+    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
 
     /**
      * Status code (407) indicating that the client <em>MUST</em> first authenticate itself with the proxy.
      */
-    public static final int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
+    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
 
     /**
      * Status code (408) indicating that the client did not produce a request within the time that the server was
      * prepared to wait.
      */
-    public static final int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
+    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
 
     /**
      * Status code (409) indicating that the request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of
      * the resource.
      */
-    public static final int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
+    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
 
     /**
      * Status code (410) indicating that the resource is no longer available at the server and no forwarding address is
      * known. This condition <em>SHOULD</em> be considered permanent.
      */
-    public static final int SC_GONE = 410;
+    int SC_GONE = 410;
 
     /**
      * Status code (411) indicating that the request cannot be handled without a defined
      * <code><em>Content-Length</em></code>.
      */
-    public static final int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
+    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
 
     /**
      * Status code (412) indicating that the precondition given in one or more of the request-header fields evaluated to
      * false when it was tested on the server.
      */
-    public static final int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
+    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
 
     /**
      * Status code (413) indicating that the server is refusing to process the request because the request entity is
      * larger than the server is willing or able to process.
      */
-    public static final int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
+    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
 
     /**
      * Status code (414) indicating that the server is refusing to service the request because the
      * <code><em>Request-URI</em></code> is longer than the server is willing to interpret.
      */
-    public static final int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
+    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
 
     /**
      * Status code (415) indicating that the server is refusing to service the request because the entity of the request
      * is in a format not supported by the requested resource for the requested method.
      */
-    public static final int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
+    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
 
     /**
      * Status code (416) indicating that the server cannot serve the requested byte range.
      */
-    public static final int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
+    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
 
     /**
      * Status code (417) indicating that the server could not meet the expectation given in the Expect request header.
      */
-    public static final int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
+    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
 
     /**
      * Status code (500) indicating an error inside the HTTP server which prevented it from fulfilling the request.
      */
-    public static final int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
+    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
 
     /**
      * Status code (501) indicating the HTTP server does not support the functionality needed to fulfill the request.
      */
-    public static final int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
+    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
 
     /**
      * Status code (502) indicating that the HTTP server received an invalid response from a server it consulted when
      * acting as a proxy or gateway.
      */
-    public static final int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
+    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
 
     /**
      * Status code (503) indicating that the HTTP server is temporarily overloaded, and unable to handle the request.
      */
-    public static final int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
+    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
 
     /**
      * Status code (504) indicating that the server did not receive a timely response from the upstream server while
      * acting as a gateway or proxy.
      */
-    public static final int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
+    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
 
     /**
      * Status code (505) indicating that the server does not support or refuses to support the HTTP protocol version
      * that was used in the request message.
      */
-    public static final int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
+    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSession.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSession.java
index fdea4e1365..ecadd1e9bf 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSession.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSession.java
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public interface HttpSession {
      *
      * @exception IllegalStateException if this method is called on an invalidated session
      */
-    public long getCreationTime();
+    long getCreationTime();
 
     /**
      * Returns a string containing the unique identifier assigned to this session. The identifier is assigned by the
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public interface HttpSession {
      *
      * @exception IllegalStateException if this method is called on an invalidated session
      */
-    public String getId();
+    String getId();
 
     /**
      * Returns the last time the client sent a request associated with this session, as the number of milliseconds since
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ public interface HttpSession {
      *
      * @exception IllegalStateException if this method is called on an invalidated session
      */
-    public long getLastAccessedTime();
+    long getLastAccessedTime();
 
     /**
      * Returns the ServletContext to which this session belongs.
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public interface HttpSession {
      *
      * @since Servlet 2.3
      */
-    public ServletContext getServletContext();
+    ServletContext getServletContext();
 
     /**
      * Specifies the time, in seconds, between client requests before the servlet container will invalidate this
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public interface HttpSession {
      *
      * @param interval An integer specifying the number of seconds
      */
-    public void setMaxInactiveInterval(int interval);
+    void setMaxInactiveInterval(int interval);
 
     /**
      * Returns the maximum time interval, in seconds, that the servlet container will keep this session open between
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public interface HttpSession {
      *
      * @see #setMaxInactiveInterval
      */
-    public int getMaxInactiveInterval();
+    int getMaxInactiveInterval();
 
     /**
      * Returns the object bound with the specified name in this session, or <code>null</code> if no object is bound
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ public interface HttpSession {
      *
      * @exception IllegalStateException if this method is called on an invalidated session
      */
-    public Object getAttribute(String name);
+    Object getAttribute(String name);
 
     /**
      * Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code> objects containing the names of all the objects bound
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public interface HttpSession {
      *
      * @exception IllegalStateException if this method is called on an invalidated session
      */
-    public Enumeration<String> getAttributeNames();
+    Enumeration<String> getAttributeNames();
 
     /**
      * Binds an object to this session, using the name specified. If an object of the same name is already bound to the
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ public interface HttpSession {
      *
      * @exception IllegalStateException if this method is called on an invalidated session
      */
-    public void setAttribute(String name, Object value);
+    void setAttribute(String name, Object value);
 
     /**
      * Removes the object bound with the specified name from this session. If the session does not have an object bound
@@ -175,14 +175,14 @@ public interface HttpSession {
      *
      * @exception IllegalStateException if this method is called on an invalidated session
      */
-    public void removeAttribute(String name);
+    void removeAttribute(String name);
 
     /**
      * Invalidates this session then unbinds any objects bound to it.
      *
      * @exception IllegalStateException if this method is called on an already invalidated session
      */
-    public void invalidate();
+    void invalidate();
 
     /**
      * Returns <code>true</code> if the client does not yet know about the session or if the client chooses not to join
@@ -193,5 +193,5 @@ public interface HttpSession {
      *
      * @exception IllegalStateException if this method is called on an already invalidated session
      */
-    public boolean isNew();
+    boolean isNew();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionActivationListener.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionActivationListener.java
index 3c3b9c16c0..625fe5e2ba 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionActivationListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionActivationListener.java
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public interface HttpSessionActivationListener extends EventListener {
      *
      * @param se Information about the session this is about to be passivated
      */
-    public default void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
+    default void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public interface HttpSessionActivationListener extends EventListener {
      *
      * @param se Information about the session this has just been activated
      */
-    public default void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
+    default void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionAttributeListener.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionAttributeListener.java
index d935a06cf7..4d0031277a 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionAttributeListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionAttributeListener.java
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public interface HttpSessionAttributeListener extends EventListener {
      *
      * @param se Information about the added attribute
      */
-    public default void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
+    default void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public interface HttpSessionAttributeListener extends EventListener {
      *
      * @param se Information about the removed attribute
      */
-    public default void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
+    default void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ public interface HttpSessionAttributeListener extends EventListener {
      *
      * @param se Information about the replaced attribute
      */
-    public default void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
+    default void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionBindingListener.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionBindingListener.java
index f7df501d4a..5c16e735e6 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionBindingListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionBindingListener.java
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public interface HttpSessionBindingListener extends EventListener {
      *
      * @see #valueUnbound
      */
-    public default void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
+    default void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -47,6 +47,6 @@ public interface HttpSessionBindingListener extends EventListener {
      *
      * @see #valueBound
      */
-    public default void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
+    default void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionIdListener.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionIdListener.java
index 39fa05f283..e48ec3da25 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionIdListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionIdListener.java
@@ -37,5 +37,5 @@ public interface HttpSessionIdListener extends EventListener {
      * @param se           the notification event
      * @param oldSessionId the old session ID
      */
-    public void sessionIdChanged(HttpSessionEvent se, String oldSessionId);
+    void sessionIdChanged(HttpSessionEvent se, String oldSessionId);
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionListener.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionListener.java
index 2db74b38ec..bd3fd17e90 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionListener.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/HttpSessionListener.java
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public interface HttpSessionListener extends EventListener {
      *
      * @param se the notification event
      */
-    public default void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
+    default void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ public interface HttpSessionListener extends EventListener {
      *
      * @param se the notification event
      */
-    public default void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
+    default void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/Part.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/Part.java
index 9f740029b4..f60a259e25 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/http/Part.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/http/Part.java
@@ -35,21 +35,21 @@ public interface Part {
      *
      * @throws IOException if an I/O occurs while obtaining the stream
      */
-    public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException;
+    InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Obtain the content type passed by the browser.
      *
      * @return The content type passed by the browser or <code>null</code> if not defined.
      */
-    public String getContentType();
+    String getContentType();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the name of the field in the multipart form corresponding to this part.
      *
      * @return The name of the field in the multipart form corresponding to this part.
      */
-    public String getName();
+    String getName();
 
     /**
      * If this part represents an uploaded file, gets the file name submitted in the upload. Returns {@code null} if no
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ public interface Part {
      *
      * @since Servlet 3.1
      */
-    public String getSubmittedFileName();
+    String getSubmittedFileName();
 
     /**
      * Obtain the size of this part.
      *
      * @return The size of the part if bytes
      */
-    public long getSize();
+    long getSize();
 
     /**
      * A convenience method to write an uploaded part to disk. The client code is not concerned with whether or not the
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public interface Part {
      *
      * @throws IOException if an I/O occurs while attempting to write the part
      */
-    public void write(String fileName) throws IOException;
+    void write(String fileName) throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Deletes the underlying storage for a part, including deleting any associated temporary disk file. Although the
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public interface Part {
      *
      * @throws IOException if an I/O occurs while attempting to delete the part
      */
-    public void delete() throws IOException;
+    void delete() throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Obtains the value of the specified part header as a String. If there are multiple headers with the same name,
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ public interface Part {
      *
      * @return The header value or <code>null</code> if the header is not present
      */
-    public String getHeader(String name);
+    String getHeader(String name);
 
     /**
      * Obtain all the values of the specified part header.
@@ -113,12 +113,12 @@ public interface Part {
      * @return All the values of the specified part header. If the part did not include any headers of the specified
      *             name, this method returns an empty Collection.
      */
-    public Collection<String> getHeaders(String name);
+    Collection<String> getHeaders(String name);
 
     /**
      * Get the header names provided for this part.
      *
      * @return a Collection of all the header names provided for this part.
      */
-    public Collection<String> getHeaderNames();
+    Collection<String> getHeaderNames();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/HttpJspPage.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/HttpJspPage.java
index c247e7b83c..2f757f8964 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/HttpJspPage.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/HttpJspPage.java
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public interface HttpJspPage extends JspPage {
      * @throws IOException Thrown if an error occurred while writing the
      *     response for this page.
      */
-    public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request,
+    void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request,
                             HttpServletResponse response)
         throws ServletException, IOException;
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/JspApplicationContext.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/JspApplicationContext.java
index 5d05934559..47d06006e9 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/JspApplicationContext.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/JspApplicationContext.java
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public interface JspApplicationContext {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to add
      */
-    public void addELContextListener(ELContextListener listener);
+    void addELContextListener(ELContextListener listener);
 
     /**
      * <p>
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public interface JspApplicationContext {
      *             if called after the application's
      *             <code>ServletContextListeners</code> have been initialized.
      */
-    public void addELResolver(ELResolver resolver);
+    void addELResolver(ELResolver resolver);
 
     /**
      * <p>
@@ -75,6 +75,6 @@ public interface JspApplicationContext {
      *
      * @return an <code>ExpressionFactory</code> implementation
      */
-    public ExpressionFactory getExpressionFactory();
+    ExpressionFactory getExpressionFactory();
 
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/JspPage.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/JspPage.java
index 4e4026a372..078e22623c 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/JspPage.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/JspPage.java
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public interface JspPage extends Servlet {
      *
      * A JSP page should redefine the init() method from Servlet.
      */
-    public void jspInit();
+    void jspInit();
 
     /**
      * The jspDestroy() method is invoked when the JSP page is about to be
@@ -85,6 +85,6 @@ public interface JspPage extends Servlet {
      *
      * A JSP page should redefine the destroy() method from Servlet.
      */
-    public void jspDestroy();
+    void jspDestroy();
 
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/FunctionMapper.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/FunctionMapper.java
index 317583cb2b..6026109fc5 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/FunctionMapper.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/FunctionMapper.java
@@ -35,5 +35,5 @@ public interface FunctionMapper {
      * @param localName the short name of the function
      * @return the result of the method mapping.  Null means no entry found.
      */
-    public java.lang.reflect.Method resolveFunction(String prefix, String localName);
+    java.lang.reflect.Method resolveFunction(String prefix, String localName);
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/ImplicitObjectELResolver.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/ImplicitObjectELResolver.java
index 4093c93329..0d1ce61f5b 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/ImplicitObjectELResolver.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/ImplicitObjectELResolver.java
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ public class ImplicitObjectELResolver extends ELResolver {
 
         private Map<String,Object> sessionScope;
 
-        public ScopeManager(PageContext page) {
+        ScopeManager(PageContext page) {
             this.page = page;
         }
 
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ public class ImplicitObjectELResolver extends ELResolver {
 
             private final String key;
 
-            public ScopeEntry(String key) {
+            ScopeEntry(String key) {
                 this.key = key;
             }
 
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/VariableResolver.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/VariableResolver.java
index 7f3c3b7a24..48e587d4f0 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/VariableResolver.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/el/VariableResolver.java
@@ -46,5 +46,5 @@ public interface VariableResolver {
      *             if a failure occurred while trying to resolve the given
      *             variable
      */
-    public Object resolveVariable(String pName) throws ELException;
+    Object resolveVariable(String pName) throws ELException;
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/BodyTag.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/BodyTag.java
index abee1c1c38..73df1c06b6 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/BodyTag.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/BodyTag.java
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public interface BodyTag extends IterationTag {
      *             IterationTag.EVAL_BODY_AGAIN.
      */
     @Deprecated
-    public static final int EVAL_BODY_TAG = 2;
+    int EVAL_BODY_TAG = 2;
 
     /**
      * Request the creation of new buffer, a BodyContent on which to evaluate
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public interface BodyTag extends IterationTag {
      * BodyTag. This is an illegal return value for doStartTag when the class
      * does not implement BodyTag.
      */
-    public static final int EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED = 2;
+    int EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED = 2;
 
     /**
      * Set the bodyContent property. This method is invoked by the JSP page
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/DynamicAttributes.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/DynamicAttributes.java
index f26019598d..e5d1a289e9 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/DynamicAttributes.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/DynamicAttributes.java
@@ -45,5 +45,5 @@ public interface DynamicAttributes {
      *     signal that it does not accept the given attribute.  The
      *     container must not call doStartTag() or doTag() for this tag.
      */
-    public void setDynamicAttribute(String uri, String localName, Object value) throws JspException;
+    void setDynamicAttribute(String uri, String localName, Object value) throws JspException;
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/IterationTag.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/IterationTag.java
index ea273fa51d..49065a8da2 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/IterationTag.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/IterationTag.java
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public interface IterationTag extends Tag {
      *
      */
 
-    public static final int EVAL_BODY_AGAIN = 2;
+    int EVAL_BODY_AGAIN = 2;
 
     /**
      * Process body (re)evaluation.  This method is invoked by the
@@ -115,6 +115,5 @@ public interface IterationTag extends Tag {
      * @return whether additional evaluations of the body are desired
      * @throws JspException if an error occurred while processing this tag
      */
-
     int doAfterBody() throws JspException;
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/JspIdConsumer.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/JspIdConsumer.java
index a6950d0d75..23ac83f34c 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/JspIdConsumer.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/JspIdConsumer.java
@@ -27,5 +27,5 @@ public interface JspIdConsumer {
      *
      * @param jspId The unique Id
      */
-    public void setJspId(String jspId);
+    void setJspId(String jspId);
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/SimpleTag.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/SimpleTag.java
index 972eece862..e15fc6ca25 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/SimpleTag.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/SimpleTag.java
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ public interface SimpleTag extends JspTag {
      * @throws java.io.IOException If there was an error writing to the
      *     output stream.
      */
-    public void doTag()
+    void doTag()
         throws jakarta.servlet.jsp.JspException, java.io.IOException;
 
     /**
@@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ public interface SimpleTag extends JspTag {
      *
      * @param parent the tag that encloses this tag
      */
-    public void setParent( JspTag parent );
+    void setParent( JspTag parent );
 
     /**
      * Returns the parent of this tag, for collaboration purposes.
      *
      * @return the parent of this tag
      */
-    public JspTag getParent();
+    JspTag getParent();
 
     /**
      * Called by the container to provide this tag handler with
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ public interface SimpleTag extends JspTag {
      * @param pc the page context for this invocation
      * @see Tag#setPageContext
      */
-    public void setJspContext( JspContext pc );
+    void setJspContext( JspContext pc );
 
     /**
      * Provides the body of this tag as a JspFragment object, able to be
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ public interface SimpleTag extends JspTag {
      *
      * @param jspBody The fragment encapsulating the body of this tag.
      */
-    public void setJspBody( JspFragment jspBody );
+    void setJspBody( JspFragment jspBody );
 
 
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/Tag.java b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/Tag.java
index aefa1cb7e0..cd5291fcfb 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/Tag.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/servlet/jsp/tagext/Tag.java
@@ -95,28 +95,28 @@ public interface Tag extends JspTag {
      * Valid return value for doStartTag and doAfterBody.
      */
 
-    public static final int SKIP_BODY = 0;
+    int SKIP_BODY = 0;
 
     /**
      * Evaluate body into existing out stream.
      * Valid return value for doStartTag.
      */
 
-    public static final int EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE = 1;
+    int EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE = 1;
 
     /**
      * Skip the rest of the page.
      * Valid return value for doEndTag.
      */
 
-    public static final int SKIP_PAGE = 5;
+    int SKIP_PAGE = 5;
 
     /**
      * Continue evaluating the page.
      * Valid return value for doEndTag().
      */
 
-    public static final int EVAL_PAGE = 6;
+    int EVAL_PAGE = 6;
 
     // Setters for Tag handler data
 
diff --git a/java/jakarta/transaction/Status.java b/java/jakarta/transaction/Status.java
index 9c68a50ed0..9b113fc406 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/transaction/Status.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/transaction/Status.java
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@
 package jakarta.transaction;
 
 public interface Status {
-    public static final int STATUS_ACTIVE = 0;
-    public static final int STATUS_MARKED_ROLLBACK = 1;
-    public static final int STATUS_PREPARED = 2;
-    public static final int STATUS_COMMITTED = 3;
-    public static final int STATUS_ROLLEDBACK = 4;
-    public static final int STATUS_UNKNOWN = 5;
-    public static final int STATUS_NO_TRANSACTION = 6;
-    public static final int STATUS_PREPARING = 7;
-    public static final int STATUS_COMMITTING = 8;
-    public static final int STATUS_ROLLING_BACK = 9;
+    int STATUS_ACTIVE = 0;
+    int STATUS_MARKED_ROLLBACK = 1;
+    int STATUS_PREPARED = 2;
+    int STATUS_COMMITTED = 3;
+    int STATUS_ROLLEDBACK = 4;
+    int STATUS_UNKNOWN = 5;
+    int STATUS_NO_TRANSACTION = 6;
+    int STATUS_PREPARING = 7;
+    int STATUS_COMMITTING = 8;
+    int STATUS_ROLLING_BACK = 9;
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/transaction/Synchronization.java b/java/jakarta/transaction/Synchronization.java
index 2fe66d86bc..129c1d741b 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/transaction/Synchronization.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/transaction/Synchronization.java
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@
 package jakarta.transaction;
 
 public interface Synchronization {
-    public void beforeCompletion();
-    public void afterCompletion(int status);
+    void beforeCompletion();
+    void afterCompletion(int status);
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/transaction/Transaction.java b/java/jakarta/transaction/Transaction.java
index 4cfced6db5..b7922acf5a 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/transaction/Transaction.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/transaction/Transaction.java
@@ -20,23 +20,23 @@ import javax.transaction.xa.XAResource;
 
 public interface Transaction {
 
-    public void commit() throws RollbackException, HeuristicMixedException,
+    void commit() throws RollbackException, HeuristicMixedException,
             HeuristicRollbackException, SecurityException,
             IllegalStateException, SystemException;
 
-    public boolean delistResource(XAResource xaRes, int flag)
+    boolean delistResource(XAResource xaRes, int flag)
             throws IllegalStateException, SystemException;
 
-    public boolean enlistResource(XAResource xaRes)
+    boolean enlistResource(XAResource xaRes)
             throws RollbackException, IllegalStateException, SystemException;
 
-    public int getStatus() throws SystemException;
+    int getStatus() throws SystemException;
 
-    public void registerSynchronization(Synchronization sync)
+    void registerSynchronization(Synchronization sync)
             throws RollbackException, IllegalStateException, SystemException;
 
-    public void rollback() throws IllegalStateException, SystemException;
+    void rollback() throws IllegalStateException, SystemException;
 
-    public void setRollbackOnly() throws IllegalStateException, SystemException;
+    void setRollbackOnly() throws IllegalStateException, SystemException;
 
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/transaction/TransactionManager.java b/java/jakarta/transaction/TransactionManager.java
index caddaab443..86cfdf78d7 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/transaction/TransactionManager.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/transaction/TransactionManager.java
@@ -17,25 +17,25 @@
 package jakarta.transaction;
 
 public interface TransactionManager {
-    public void begin() throws NotSupportedException, SystemException;
+    void begin() throws NotSupportedException, SystemException;
 
-    public void commit() throws RollbackException, HeuristicMixedException,
+    void commit() throws RollbackException, HeuristicMixedException,
             HeuristicRollbackException, SecurityException,
             IllegalStateException, SystemException;
 
-    public int getStatus() throws SystemException;
+    int getStatus() throws SystemException;
 
-    public Transaction getTransaction() throws SystemException;
+    Transaction getTransaction() throws SystemException;
 
-    public void resume(Transaction tobj) throws InvalidTransactionException,
+    void resume(Transaction tobj) throws InvalidTransactionException,
             IllegalStateException, SystemException;
 
-    public void rollback()
+    void rollback()
             throws IllegalStateException, SecurityException, SystemException;
 
-    public void setRollbackOnly() throws IllegalStateException, SystemException;
+    void setRollbackOnly() throws IllegalStateException, SystemException;
 
-    public void setTransactionTimeout(int seconds) throws SystemException;
+    void setTransactionTimeout(int seconds) throws SystemException;
 
-    public Transaction suspend() throws SystemException;
+    Transaction suspend() throws SystemException;
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/websocket/ClientEndpoint.java b/java/jakarta/websocket/ClientEndpoint.java
index 4c44b0716a..fb19ad0cd1 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/websocket/ClientEndpoint.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/websocket/ClientEndpoint.java
@@ -29,6 +29,6 @@ public @interface ClientEndpoint {
     String[] subprotocols() default {};
     Class<? extends Decoder>[] decoders() default {};
     Class<? extends Encoder>[] encoders() default {};
-    public Class<? extends Configurator> configurator()
+    Class<? extends Configurator> configurator()
             default Configurator.class;
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/websocket/ClientEndpointConfig.java b/java/jakarta/websocket/ClientEndpointConfig.java
index fbf752b82f..e74d4675f9 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/websocket/ClientEndpointConfig.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/websocket/ClientEndpointConfig.java
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ public interface ClientEndpointConfig extends EndpointConfig {
 
     SSLContext getSSLContext();
 
-    public Configurator getConfigurator();
+    Configurator getConfigurator();
 
-    public final class Builder {
+    final class Builder {
 
         private static final Configurator DEFAULT_CONFIGURATOR =
                 new Configurator() {};
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public interface ClientEndpointConfig extends EndpointConfig {
     }
 
 
-    public class Configurator {
+    class Configurator {
 
         /**
          * Provides the client with a mechanism to inspect and/or modify the headers
diff --git a/java/jakarta/websocket/DefaultClientEndpointConfig.java b/java/jakarta/websocket/DefaultClientEndpointConfig.java
index cf2980937d..456c0d613f 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/websocket/DefaultClientEndpointConfig.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/websocket/DefaultClientEndpointConfig.java
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ final class DefaultClientEndpointConfig implements ClientEndpointConfig {
 
 
     @Override
-    public final Map<String, Object> getUserProperties() {
+    public Map<String, Object> getUserProperties() {
         return userProperties;
     }
 
diff --git a/java/jakarta/websocket/HandshakeResponse.java b/java/jakarta/websocket/HandshakeResponse.java
index 6754020cb5..e5faf9d801 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/websocket/HandshakeResponse.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/websocket/HandshakeResponse.java
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public interface HandshakeResponse {
     /**
      * Name of the WebSocket accept HTTP header.
      */
-    public static final String SEC_WEBSOCKET_ACCEPT = "Sec-WebSocket-Accept";
+    String SEC_WEBSOCKET_ACCEPT = "Sec-WebSocket-Accept";
 
     Map<String,List<String>> getHeaders();
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/websocket/server/DefaultServerEndpointConfig.java b/java/jakarta/websocket/server/DefaultServerEndpointConfig.java
index e0122f2faa..7dc0a3ebe0 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/websocket/server/DefaultServerEndpointConfig.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/websocket/server/DefaultServerEndpointConfig.java
@@ -79,17 +79,17 @@ final class DefaultServerEndpointConfig implements ServerEndpointConfig {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public final Map<String, Object> getUserProperties() {
+    public Map<String, Object> getUserProperties() {
         return userProperties;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public final List<String> getSubprotocols() {
+    public List<String> getSubprotocols() {
         return subprotocols;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public final List<Extension> getExtensions() {
+    public List<Extension> getExtensions() {
         return extensions;
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/websocket/server/HandshakeRequest.java b/java/jakarta/websocket/server/HandshakeRequest.java
index 2edb554608..0d9c37dfc9 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/websocket/server/HandshakeRequest.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/websocket/server/HandshakeRequest.java
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ import java.util.Map;
  */
 public interface HandshakeRequest {
 
-    static final String SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY = "Sec-WebSocket-Key";
-    static final String SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL = "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol";
-    static final String SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION = "Sec-WebSocket-Version";
-    static final String SEC_WEBSOCKET_EXTENSIONS= "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions";
+    String SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY = "Sec-WebSocket-Key";
+    String SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL = "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol";
+    String SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION = "Sec-WebSocket-Version";
+    String SEC_WEBSOCKET_EXTENSIONS= "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions";
 
     Map<String,List<String>> getHeaders();
 
diff --git a/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerContainer.java b/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerContainer.java
index dbeaaea876..5f8b1c0ad5 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerContainer.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerContainer.java
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ import jakarta.websocket.WebSocketContainer;
  * Provides the ability to deploy endpoints programmatically.
  */
 public interface ServerContainer extends WebSocketContainer {
-    public abstract void addEndpoint(Class<?> clazz) throws DeploymentException;
+    void addEndpoint(Class<?> clazz) throws DeploymentException;
 
-    public abstract void addEndpoint(ServerEndpointConfig sec) throws DeploymentException;
+    void addEndpoint(ServerEndpointConfig sec) throws DeploymentException;
 
     /**
      * Upgrade the HTTP connection represented by the {@code HttpServletRequest} and {@code HttpServletResponse} to the
@@ -57,6 +57,6 @@ public interface ServerContainer extends WebSocketContainer {
      *
      * @since WebSocket 2.0
      */
-    public void upgradeHttpToWebSocket(Object httpServletRequest, Object httpServletResponse, ServerEndpointConfig sec,
+    void upgradeHttpToWebSocket(Object httpServletRequest, Object httpServletResponse, ServerEndpointConfig sec,
             Map<String,String> pathParameters) throws IOException, DeploymentException;
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerEndpoint.java b/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerEndpoint.java
index 9c7f013070..e8ba09a198 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerEndpoint.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerEndpoint.java
@@ -41,6 +41,6 @@ public @interface ServerEndpoint {
 
     Class<? extends Encoder>[] encoders() default {};
 
-    public Class<? extends ServerEndpointConfig.Configurator> configurator()
+    Class<? extends ServerEndpointConfig.Configurator> configurator()
             default ServerEndpointConfig.Configurator.class;
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerEndpointConfig.java b/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerEndpointConfig.java
index 036c833621..329aa937da 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerEndpointConfig.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/websocket/server/ServerEndpointConfig.java
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public interface ServerEndpointConfig extends EndpointConfig {
     Configurator getConfigurator();
 
 
-    public final class Builder {
+    final class Builder {
 
         public static Builder create(
                 Class<?> endpointClass, String path) {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public interface ServerEndpointConfig extends EndpointConfig {
     }
 
 
-    public class Configurator {
+    class Configurator {
 
         private static volatile Configurator defaultImpl = null;
         private static final Object defaultImplLock = new Object();
diff --git a/java/jakarta/xml/ws/WebServiceRef.java b/java/jakarta/xml/ws/WebServiceRef.java
index d90a037f33..653cbbf9be 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/xml/ws/WebServiceRef.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/xml/ws/WebServiceRef.java
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 
 public @interface WebServiceRef {
-    public String name() default "";
+    String name() default "";
     @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // Can't use Class<?> because API needs to match specification
-    public Class type() default java.lang.Object.class;
+    Class type() default java.lang.Object.class;
     @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // Can't use Class<?> because API needs to match specification
-    public Class value() default java.lang.Object.class;
-    public String wsdlLocation() default "";
-    public String mappedName() default "";
+    Class value() default java.lang.Object.class;
+    String wsdlLocation() default "";
+    String mappedName() default "";
 }
diff --git a/java/jakarta/xml/ws/WebServiceRefs.java b/java/jakarta/xml/ws/WebServiceRefs.java
index f15f98a22c..0b69d9e1f2 100644
--- a/java/jakarta/xml/ws/WebServiceRefs.java
+++ b/java/jakarta/xml/ws/WebServiceRefs.java
@@ -25,5 +25,5 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 
 public @interface WebServiceRefs {
-    public WebServiceRef[] value();
+    WebServiceRef[] value();
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/AccessLog.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/AccessLog.java
index f96b30825c..046facc265 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/AccessLog.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/AccessLog.java
@@ -36,35 +36,35 @@ public interface AccessLog {
      * Name of request attribute used to override the remote address recorded by
      * the AccessLog.
      */
-    public static final String REMOTE_ADDR_ATTRIBUTE =
+    String REMOTE_ADDR_ATTRIBUTE =
             "org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.RemoteAddr";
 
     /**
      * Name of request attribute used to override remote host name recorded by
      * the AccessLog.
      */
-    public static final String REMOTE_HOST_ATTRIBUTE =
+    String REMOTE_HOST_ATTRIBUTE =
             "org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.RemoteHost";
 
     /**
      * Name of request attribute used to override the protocol recorded by the
      * AccessLog.
      */
-    public static final String PROTOCOL_ATTRIBUTE =
+    String PROTOCOL_ATTRIBUTE =
             "org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.Protocol";
 
     /**
      * Name of request attribute used to override the server name recorded by
      * the AccessLog.
      */
-    public static final String SERVER_NAME_ATTRIBUTE =
+    String SERVER_NAME_ATTRIBUTE =
             "org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.ServerName";
 
     /**
      * Name of request attribute used to override the server port recorded by
      * the AccessLog.
      */
-    public static final String SERVER_PORT_ATTRIBUTE =
+    String SERVER_PORT_ATTRIBUTE =
             "org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.ServerPort";
 
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public interface AccessLog {
      *                  versions prior to 10, the time unit was
      *                  milliseconds
      */
-    public void log(Request request, Response response, long time);
+    void log(Request request, Response response, long time);
 
     /**
      * Should this valve use request attributes for IP address, hostname,
@@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ public interface AccessLog {
      *                                  to be used, <code>false</code> causes
      *                                  the original values to be used.
      */
-    public void setRequestAttributesEnabled(boolean requestAttributesEnabled);
+    void setRequestAttributesEnabled(boolean requestAttributesEnabled);
 
     /**
      * @see #setRequestAttributesEnabled(boolean)
      * @return <code>true</code> if the attributes will be logged, otherwise
      *         <code>false</code>
      */
-    public boolean getRequestAttributesEnabled();
+    boolean getRequestAttributesEnabled();
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/AsyncDispatcher.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/AsyncDispatcher.java
index 52d3373ce8..84271d8519 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/AsyncDispatcher.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/AsyncDispatcher.java
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ public interface AsyncDispatcher {
      * @throws IOException      if an I/O error occurs while processing the
      *                          dispatch
      */
-    public void dispatch(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
+    void dispatch(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
             throws ServletException, IOException;
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Authenticator.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Authenticator.java
index d33b7b8940..1a050d4c16 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Authenticator.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Authenticator.java
@@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ public interface Authenticator {
      *
      * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
      */
-    public boolean authenticate(Request request, HttpServletResponse response)
+    boolean authenticate(Request request, HttpServletResponse response)
             throws IOException;
 
-    public void login(String userName, String password, Request request)
+    void login(String userName, String password, Request request)
             throws ServletException;
 
-    public void logout(Request request);
+    void logout(Request request);
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Cluster.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Cluster.java
index e76f1dd7e7..6e216800ba 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Cluster.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Cluster.java
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public interface Cluster extends Contained {
      *
      * @return The name of the cluster associated with this server
      */
-    public String getClusterName();
+    String getClusterName();
 
 
     /**
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public interface Cluster extends Contained {
      *
      * @param clusterName The clustername to join
      */
-    public void setClusterName(String clusterName);
+    void setClusterName(String clusterName);
 
 
     /**
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public interface Cluster extends Contained {
      *
      * @return The newly created Manager instance
      */
-    public Manager createManager(String name);
+    Manager createManager(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ public interface Cluster extends Contained {
      * cluster that this manager is participating in the cluster.
      * @param manager Manager
      */
-    public void registerManager(Manager manager);
+    void registerManager(Manager manager);
 
 
     /**
      * Removes a manager from the cluster
      * @param manager Manager
      */
-    public void removeManager(Manager manager);
+    void removeManager(Manager manager);
 
 
     /**
@@ -81,5 +81,5 @@ public interface Cluster extends Contained {
      * invoked inside the classloading context of this container. Unexpected
      * throwables will be caught and logged.
      */
-    public void backgroundProcess();
+    void backgroundProcess();
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Container.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Container.java
index 0881a702fb..fd897dc0f9 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Container.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Container.java
@@ -84,28 +84,28 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * The ContainerEvent event type sent when a child container is added
      * by <code>addChild()</code>.
      */
-    public static final String ADD_CHILD_EVENT = "addChild";
+    String ADD_CHILD_EVENT = "addChild";
 
 
     /**
      * The ContainerEvent event type sent when a valve is added
      * by <code>addValve()</code>, if this Container supports pipelines.
      */
-    public static final String ADD_VALVE_EVENT = "addValve";
+    String ADD_VALVE_EVENT = "addValve";
 
 
     /**
      * The ContainerEvent event type sent when a child container is removed
      * by <code>removeChild()</code>.
      */
-    public static final String REMOVE_CHILD_EVENT = "removeChild";
+    String REMOVE_CHILD_EVENT = "removeChild";
 
 
     /**
      * The ContainerEvent event type sent when a valve is removed
      * by <code>removeValve()</code>, if this Container supports pipelines.
      */
-    public static final String REMOVE_VALVE_EVENT = "removeValve";
+    String REMOVE_VALVE_EVENT = "removeValve";
 
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
@@ -117,14 +117,14 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *         no associated Logger, return the Logger associated with the
      *         parent Container (if any); otherwise return <code>null</code>.
      */
-    public Log getLogger();
+    Log getLogger();
 
 
     /**
      * Return the logger name that the container will use.
      * @return the abbreviated name of this container for logging messages
      */
-    public String getLogName();
+    String getLogName();
 
 
     /**
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @return the JMX name associated with this container.
      */
-    public ObjectName getObjectName();
+    ObjectName getObjectName();
 
 
     /**
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @return The JMX domain name
      */
-    public String getDomain();
+    String getDomain();
 
 
     /**
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @return          A string suitable for appending to the ObjectName
      *
      */
-    public String getMBeanKeyProperties();
+    String getMBeanKeyProperties();
 
 
     /**
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @return The Pipeline
      */
-    public Pipeline getPipeline();
+    Pipeline getPipeline();
 
 
     /**
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *         no associated Cluster, return the Cluster associated with our
      *         parent Container (if any); otherwise return <code>null</code>.
      */
-    public Cluster getCluster();
+    Cluster getCluster();
 
 
     /**
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param cluster the Cluster with which this Container is associated.
      */
-    public void setCluster(Cluster cluster);
+    void setCluster(Cluster cluster);
 
 
     /**
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *         indicates that background processing will be managed by the
      *         parent.
      */
-    public int getBackgroundProcessorDelay();
+    int getBackgroundProcessorDelay();
 
 
     /**
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @param delay The delay in seconds between the invocation of
      *              backgroundProcess methods
      */
-    public void setBackgroundProcessorDelay(int delay);
+    void setBackgroundProcessorDelay(int delay);
 
 
     /**
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @return The human readable name of this container.
      */
-    public String getName();
+    String getName();
 
 
     /**
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *  added to the children of a parent Container (after which the name
      *  may not be changed)
      */
-    public void setName(String name);
+    void setName(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *         there is one. If there is no defined parent, return
      *         <code>null</code>.
      */
-    public Container getParent();
+    Container getParent();
 
 
     /**
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this Container refuses to become
      *  attached to the specified Container
      */
-    public void setParent(Container container);
+    void setParent(Container container);
 
 
     /**
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *         {@link #getParent()}.{@link #getParentClassLoader()}. If no
      *         parent has been set, return the system class loader.
      */
-    public ClassLoader getParentClassLoader();
+    ClassLoader getParentClassLoader();
 
 
     /**
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param parent The new parent class loader
      */
-    public void setParentClassLoader(ClassLoader parent);
+    void setParentClassLoader(ClassLoader parent);
 
 
     /**
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *         Realm associated with the parent Container (if any); otherwise
      *         return <code>null</code>.
      */
-    public Realm getRealm();
+    Realm getRealm();
 
 
     /**
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param realm The newly associated Realm
      */
-    public void setRealm(Realm realm);
+    void setRealm(Realm realm);
 
 
     /**
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @param resourceName The resource file name
      * @return the configuration path
      */
-    public static String getConfigPath(Container container, String resourceName) {
+    static String getConfigPath(Container container, String resourceName) {
         StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
         Container host = null;
         Container engine = null;
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @param container The container to start from
      * @return the Service, or null if not found
      */
-    public static Service getService(Container container) {
+    static Service getService(Container container) {
         while (container != null && !(container instanceof Engine)) {
             container = container.getParent();
         }
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * invoked inside the classloading context of this container. Unexpected
      * throwables will be caught and logged.
      */
-    public void backgroundProcess();
+    void backgroundProcess();
 
 
     /**
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @exception IllegalStateException if this Container does not support
      *  child Containers
      */
-    public void addChild(Container child);
+    void addChild(Container child);
 
 
     /**
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to add
      */
-    public void addContainerListener(ContainerListener listener);
+    void addContainerListener(ContainerListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to add
      */
-    public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
+    void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @return The child Container with the given name or <code>null</code> if
      *         no such child exists.
      */
-    public Container findChild(String name);
+    Container findChild(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @return An array containing all children of this container. If this
      *         Container has no children, a zero-length array is returned.
      */
-    public Container[] findChildren();
+    Container[] findChildren();
 
 
     /**
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *         Container. If this Container has no registered container
      *         listeners, a zero-length array is returned.
      */
-    public ContainerListener[] findContainerListeners();
+    ContainerListener[] findContainerListeners();
 
 
     /**
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param child Existing child Container to be removed
      */
-    public void removeChild(Container child);
+    void removeChild(Container child);
 
 
     /**
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to remove
      */
-    public void removeContainerListener(ContainerListener listener);
+    void removeContainerListener(ContainerListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to remove
      */
-    public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
+    void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @param type Event type
      * @param data Event data
      */
-    public void fireContainerEvent(String type, Object data);
+    void fireContainerEvent(String type, Object data);
 
 
     /**
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @param   useDefault  Flag that indicates that the request/response should
      *                      be logged in the engine's default access log
      */
-    public void logAccess(Request request, Response response, long time,
+    void logAccess(Request request, Response response, long time,
             boolean useDefault);
 
 
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @return The AccessLog to use for a request/response destined for this
      *         container
      */
-    public AccessLog getAccessLog();
+    AccessLog getAccessLog();
 
 
     /**
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * @return The currently configured number of threads used to start/stop
      *         children associated with this container
      */
-    public int getStartStopThreads();
+    int getStartStopThreads();
 
 
     /**
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      * children to be processed in parallel.
      * @param   startStopThreads    The new number of threads to be used
      */
-    public void setStartStopThreads(int startStopThreads);
+    void setStartStopThreads(int startStopThreads);
 
 
     /**
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @return  The location of CATALINA_BASE.
      */
-    public File getCatalinaBase();
+    File getCatalinaBase();
 
 
     /**
@@ -519,5 +519,5 @@ public interface Container extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @return The location of CATALINA_HOME.
      */
-    public File getCatalinaHome();
+    File getCatalinaHome();
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/ContainerListener.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/ContainerListener.java
index 9d120ee5ec..ae7275836c 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/ContainerListener.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/ContainerListener.java
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public interface ContainerListener {
      *
      * @param event ContainerEvent that has occurred
      */
-    public void containerEvent(ContainerEvent event);
+    void containerEvent(ContainerEvent event);
 
 
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/ContainerServlet.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/ContainerServlet.java
index be999b1d89..3db927d25f 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/ContainerServlet.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/ContainerServlet.java
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public interface ContainerServlet {
      *
      * @return The Wrapper with which this Servlet is associated.
      */
-    public Wrapper getWrapper();
+    Wrapper getWrapper();
 
 
     /**
@@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ public interface ContainerServlet {
      *
      * @param wrapper The new associated Wrapper
      */
-    public void setWrapper(Wrapper wrapper);
+    void setWrapper(Wrapper wrapper);
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Context.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Context.java
index a521fdca35..d8b286b358 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Context.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Context.java
@@ -66,22 +66,22 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
     /**
      * Container event for adding a welcome file.
      */
-    public static final String ADD_WELCOME_FILE_EVENT = "addWelcomeFile";
+    String ADD_WELCOME_FILE_EVENT = "addWelcomeFile";
 
     /**
      * Container event for removing a wrapper.
      */
-    public static final String REMOVE_WELCOME_FILE_EVENT = "removeWelcomeFile";
+    String REMOVE_WELCOME_FILE_EVENT = "removeWelcomeFile";
 
     /**
      * Container event for clearing welcome files.
      */
-    public static final String  CLEAR_WELCOME_FILES_EVENT = "clearWelcomeFiles";
+    String  CLEAR_WELCOME_FILES_EVENT = "clearWelcomeFiles";
 
     /**
      * Container event for changing the ID of a session.
      */
-    public static final String CHANGE_SESSION_ID_EVENT = "changeSessionId";
+    String CHANGE_SESSION_ID_EVENT = "changeSessionId";
 
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *    "multipart config" to parse multipart/form-data requests,
      *    <code>false</code> otherwise.
      */
-    public boolean getAllowCasualMultipartParsing();
+    boolean getAllowCasualMultipartParsing();
 
 
    /**
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param allowCasualMultipartParsing <code>true</code> to allow such
      *        casual parsing, <code>false</code> otherwise.
      */
-    public void setAllowCasualMultipartParsing(boolean allowCasualMultipartParsing);
+    void setAllowCasualMultipartParsing(boolean allowCasualMultipartParsing);
 
 
     /**
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *         this web application in the order they were specified in the web
      *         application deployment descriptor
      */
-    public Object[] getApplicationEventListeners();
+    Object[] getApplicationEventListeners();
 
 
     /**
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param listeners The set of instantiated listener objects.
      */
-    public void setApplicationEventListeners(Object listeners[]);
+    void setApplicationEventListeners(Object listeners[]);
 
 
     /**
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *         for this web application in the order they were specified in the
      *         web application deployment descriptor
      */
-    public Object[] getApplicationLifecycleListeners();
+    Object[] getApplicationLifecycleListeners();
 
 
     /**
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param listeners The set of instantiated listener objects.
      */
-    public void setApplicationLifecycleListeners(Object listeners[]);
+    void setApplicationLifecycleListeners(Object listeners[]);
 
 
     /**
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return The name of the character set to use with the given Locale
      */
-    public String getCharset(Locale locale);
+    String getCharset(Locale locale);
 
 
     /**
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return The URL of the XML descriptor for this context
      */
-    public URL getConfigFile();
+    URL getConfigFile();
 
 
     /**
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param configFile The URL of the XML descriptor for this context.
      */
-    public void setConfigFile(URL configFile);
+    void setConfigFile(URL configFile);
 
 
     /**
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return <code>true</code> if the Context has been correctly configured,
      *         otherwise <code>false</code>
      */
-    public boolean getConfigured();
+    boolean getConfigured();
 
 
     /**
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param configured The new correctly configured flag
      */
-    public void setConfigured(boolean configured);
+    void setConfigured(boolean configured);
 
 
     /**
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *         session IDs for this web application, otherwise
      *         <code>false</code>
      */
-    public boolean getCookies();
+    boolean getCookies();
 
 
     /**
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param cookies The new flag
      */
-    public void setCookies(boolean cookies);
+    void setCookies(boolean cookies);
 
 
     /**
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return  The value of the default session cookie name or null if not
      *          specified
      */
-    public String getSessionCookieName();
+    String getSessionCookieName();
 
 
     /**
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param sessionCookieName   The name to use
      */
-    public void setSessionCookieName(String sessionCookieName);
+    void setSessionCookieName(String sessionCookieName);
 
 
     /**
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return <code>true</code> if the HttpOnly flag should be set on session
      *         cookies
      */
-    public boolean getUseHttpOnly();
+    boolean getUseHttpOnly();
 
 
     /**
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param useHttpOnly   Set to <code>true</code> to use HttpOnly cookies
      *                          for session cookies
      */
-    public void setUseHttpOnly(boolean useHttpOnly);
+    void setUseHttpOnly(boolean useHttpOnly);
 
 
     /**
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return  The value of the default session cookie domain or null if not
      *          specified
      */
-    public String getSessionCookieDomain();
+    String getSessionCookieDomain();
 
 
     /**
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param sessionCookieDomain   The domain to use
      */
-    public void setSessionCookieDomain(String sessionCookieDomain);
+    void setSessionCookieDomain(String sessionCookieDomain);
 
 
     /**
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return  The value of the default session cookie path or null if not
      *          specified
      */
-    public String getSessionCookiePath();
+    String getSessionCookiePath();
 
 
     /**
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param sessionCookiePath   The path to use
      */
-    public void setSessionCookiePath(String sessionCookiePath);
+    void setSessionCookiePath(String sessionCookiePath);
 
 
     /**
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return <code>true</code> if the slash is added, otherwise
      *         <code>false</code>
      */
-    public boolean getSessionCookiePathUsesTrailingSlash();
+    boolean getSessionCookiePathUsesTrailingSlash();
 
 
     /**
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *                                             slash is should be added,
      *                                             otherwise <code>false</code>
      */
-    public void setSessionCookiePathUsesTrailingSlash(
+    void setSessionCookiePathUsesTrailingSlash(
             boolean sessionCookiePathUsesTrailingSlash);
 
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return <code>true</code> if cross-contest requests are allowed from this
      *         web applications, otherwise <code>false</code>
      */
-    public boolean getCrossContext();
+    boolean getCrossContext();
 
 
     /**
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return the name
      */
-    public String getAltDDName();
+    String getAltDDName();
 
 
     /**
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param altDDName The new name
      */
-    public void setAltDDName(String altDDName) ;
+    void setAltDDName(String altDDName) ;
 
 
     /**
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param crossContext The new cross contexts flag
      */
-    public void setCrossContext(boolean crossContext);
+    void setCrossContext(boolean crossContext);
 
 
     /**
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return The current value of the flag
      */
-    public boolean getDenyUncoveredHttpMethods();
+    boolean getDenyUncoveredHttpMethods();
 
 
     /**
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param denyUncoveredHttpMethods The new deny-uncovered-http-methods flag
      */
-    public void setDenyUncoveredHttpMethods(boolean denyUncoveredHttpMethods);
+    void setDenyUncoveredHttpMethods(boolean denyUncoveredHttpMethods);
 
 
     /**
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return The display name
      */
-    public String getDisplayName();
+    String getDisplayName();
 
 
     /**
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param displayName The new display name
      */
-    public void setDisplayName(String displayName);
+    void setDisplayName(String displayName);
 
 
     /**
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return The value of the distributable flag for this web application.
      */
-    public boolean getDistributable();
+    boolean getDistributable();
 
 
     /**
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param distributable The new distributable flag
      */
-    public void setDistributable(boolean distributable);
+    void setDistributable(boolean distributable);
 
 
     /**
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return An absolute pathname or a relative (to the Host's appBase)
      *         pathname.
      */
-    public String getDocBase();
+    String getDocBase();
 
 
     /**
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param docBase The new document root
      */
-    public void setDocBase(String docBase);
+    void setDocBase(String docBase);
 
 
     /**
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return The URL encoded (with UTF-8) context path
      */
-    public String getEncodedPath();
+    String getEncodedPath();
 
 
     /**
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return {@code true} if annotation parsing is disabled for this web
      *         application
      */
-    public boolean getIgnoreAnnotations();
+    boolean getIgnoreAnnotations();
 
 
     /**
@@ -437,13 +437,13 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param ignoreAnnotations The boolean on the annotations parsing
      */
-    public void setIgnoreAnnotations(boolean ignoreAnnotations);
+    void setIgnoreAnnotations(boolean ignoreAnnotations);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the login configuration descriptor for this web application.
      */
-    public LoginConfig getLoginConfig();
+    LoginConfig getLoginConfig();
 
 
     /**
@@ -451,13 +451,13 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param config The new login configuration
      */
-    public void setLoginConfig(LoginConfig config);
+    void setLoginConfig(LoginConfig config);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the naming resources associated with this web application.
      */
-    public NamingResourcesImpl getNamingResources();
+    NamingResourcesImpl getNamingResources();
 
 
     /**
@@ -465,13 +465,13 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param namingResources The new naming resources
      */
-    public void setNamingResources(NamingResourcesImpl namingResources);
+    void setNamingResources(NamingResourcesImpl namingResources);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the context path for this web application.
      */
-    public String getPath();
+    String getPath();
 
 
     /**
@@ -479,14 +479,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param path The new context path
      */
-    public void setPath(String path);
+    void setPath(String path);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the public identifier of the deployment descriptor DTD that is
      * currently being parsed.
      */
-    public String getPublicId();
+    String getPublicId();
 
 
     /**
@@ -495,13 +495,13 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param publicId The public identifier
      */
-    public void setPublicId(String publicId);
+    void setPublicId(String publicId);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the reloadable flag for this web application.
      */
-    public boolean getReloadable();
+    boolean getReloadable();
 
 
     /**
@@ -509,13 +509,13 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param reloadable The new reloadable flag
      */
-    public void setReloadable(boolean reloadable);
+    void setReloadable(boolean reloadable);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the override flag for this web application.
      */
-    public boolean getOverride();
+    boolean getOverride();
 
 
     /**
@@ -523,13 +523,13 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param override The new override flag
      */
-    public void setOverride(boolean override);
+    void setOverride(boolean override);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the privileged flag for this web application.
      */
-    public boolean getPrivileged();
+    boolean getPrivileged();
 
 
     /**
@@ -537,20 +537,20 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param privileged The new privileged flag
      */
-    public void setPrivileged(boolean privileged);
+    void setPrivileged(boolean privileged);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the Servlet context for which this Context is a facade.
      */
-    public ServletContext getServletContext();
+    ServletContext getServletContext();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the default session timeout (in minutes) for this
      * web application.
      */
-    public int getSessionTimeout();
+    int getSessionTimeout();
 
 
     /**
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param timeout The new default session timeout
      */
-    public void setSessionTimeout(int timeout);
+    void setSessionTimeout(int timeout);
 
 
     /**
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return <code>true</code> if data will be swallowed (default),
      *    <code>false</code> otherwise.
      */
-    public boolean getSwallowAbortedUploads();
+    boolean getSwallowAbortedUploads();
 
 
     /**
@@ -579,12 +579,12 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param swallowAbortedUploads <code>false</code> to disable
      *        swallowing, <code>true</code> otherwise (default).
      */
-    public void setSwallowAbortedUploads(boolean swallowAbortedUploads);
+    void setSwallowAbortedUploads(boolean swallowAbortedUploads);
 
     /**
      * @return the value of the swallowOutput flag.
      */
-    public boolean getSwallowOutput();
+    boolean getSwallowOutput();
 
 
     /**
@@ -594,14 +594,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param swallowOutput The new value
      */
-    public void setSwallowOutput(boolean swallowOutput);
+    void setSwallowOutput(boolean swallowOutput);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the Java class name of the Wrapper implementation used
      * for servlets registered in this Context.
      */
-    public String getWrapperClass();
+    String getWrapperClass();
 
 
     /**
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param wrapperClass The new wrapper class
      */
-    public void setWrapperClass(String wrapperClass);
+    void setWrapperClass(String wrapperClass);
 
 
     /**
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return true if namespace awareness is enabled.
      */
-    public boolean getXmlNamespaceAware();
+    boolean getXmlNamespaceAware();
 
 
     /**
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param xmlNamespaceAware true to enable namespace awareness
      */
-    public void setXmlNamespaceAware(boolean xmlNamespaceAware);
+    void setXmlNamespaceAware(boolean xmlNamespaceAware);
 
 
     /**
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return true if validation is enabled.
      */
-    public boolean getXmlValidation();
+    boolean getXmlValidation();
 
 
     /**
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param xmlValidation true to enable xml validation
      */
-    public void setXmlValidation(boolean xmlValidation);
+    void setXmlValidation(boolean xmlValidation);
 
 
     /**
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return true if access to external entities is blocked
      */
-    public boolean getXmlBlockExternal();
+    boolean getXmlBlockExternal();
 
 
     /**
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param xmlBlockExternal true to block external entities
      */
-    public void setXmlBlockExternal(boolean xmlBlockExternal);
+    void setXmlBlockExternal(boolean xmlBlockExternal);
 
 
     /**
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return true if validation is enabled.
      */
-    public boolean getTldValidation();
+    boolean getTldValidation();
 
 
     /**
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param tldValidation true to enable xml validation
      */
-    public void setTldValidation(boolean tldValidation);
+    void setTldValidation(boolean tldValidation);
 
 
     /**
@@ -691,20 +691,20 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * context.
      * @return  The Jar Scanner configured for this context.
      */
-    public JarScanner getJarScanner();
+    JarScanner getJarScanner();
 
     /**
      * Set the Jar Scanner to be used to scan for JAR resources for this
      * context.
      * @param jarScanner    The Jar Scanner to be used for this context.
      */
-    public void setJarScanner(JarScanner jarScanner);
+    void setJarScanner(JarScanner jarScanner);
 
     /**
      * @return the {@link Authenticator} that is used by this context. This is
      *         always non-{@code null} for a started Context
      */
-    public Authenticator getAuthenticator();
+    Authenticator getAuthenticator();
 
     /**
      * Set whether or not the effective web.xml for this context should be
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param logEffectiveWebXml set to <code>true</code> to log the complete
      *        web.xml that will be used for the webapp
      */
-    public void setLogEffectiveWebXml(boolean logEffectiveWebXml);
+    void setLogEffectiveWebXml(boolean logEffectiveWebXml);
 
     /**
      * Should the effective web.xml for this context be logged on context start?
@@ -721,19 +721,19 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return true if the reconstructed web.xml that will be used for the
      *   webapp should be logged
      */
-    public boolean getLogEffectiveWebXml();
+    boolean getLogEffectiveWebXml();
 
     /**
      * @return the instance manager associated with this context.
      */
-    public InstanceManager getInstanceManager();
+    InstanceManager getInstanceManager();
 
     /**
      * Set the instance manager associated with this context.
      *
      * @param instanceManager the new instance manager instance
      */
-    public void setInstanceManager(InstanceManager instanceManager);
+    void setInstanceManager(InstanceManager instanceManager);
 
     /**
      * Sets the regular expression that specifies which container provided SCIs
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *                           qualified class name of each container provided
      *                           SCI should be checked
      */
-    public void setContainerSciFilter(String containerSciFilter);
+    void setContainerSciFilter(String containerSciFilter);
 
     /**
      * Obtains the regular expression that specifies which container provided
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return The regular expression against which the fully qualified class
      *         name of each container provided SCI will be checked
      */
-    public String getContainerSciFilter();
+    String getContainerSciFilter();
 
 
     /**
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @deprecated This method will be removed in Tomcat 11 onwards
      */
     @Deprecated
-    public default boolean isParallelAnnotationScanning() {
+    default boolean isParallelAnnotationScanning() {
         return getParallelAnnotationScanning();
     }
 
@@ -775,14 +775,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return the value of the parallel annotation scanning flag.  If true,
      * it will dispatch scanning to the utility executor.
      */
-    public boolean getParallelAnnotationScanning();
+    boolean getParallelAnnotationScanning();
 
     /**
      * Set the parallel annotation scanning value.
      *
      * @param parallelAnnotationScanning new parallel annotation scanning flag
      */
-    public void setParallelAnnotationScanning(boolean parallelAnnotationScanning);
+    void setParallelAnnotationScanning(boolean parallelAnnotationScanning);
 
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param listener Java class name of a listener class
      */
-    public void addApplicationListener(String listener);
+    void addApplicationListener(String listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param parameter The new application parameter
      */
-    public void addApplicationParameter(ApplicationParameter parameter);
+    void addApplicationParameter(ApplicationParameter parameter);
 
 
     /**
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param constraint The security constraint that should be added
      */
-    public void addConstraint(SecurityConstraint constraint);
+    void addConstraint(SecurityConstraint constraint);
 
 
     /**
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param errorPage The error page definition to be added
      */
-    public void addErrorPage(ErrorPage errorPage);
+    void addErrorPage(ErrorPage errorPage);
 
 
     /**
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param filterDef The filter definition to be added
      */
-    public void addFilterDef(FilterDef filterDef);
+    void addFilterDef(FilterDef filterDef);
 
 
     /**
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param filterMap The filter mapping to be added
      */
-    public void addFilterMap(FilterMap filterMap);
+    void addFilterMap(FilterMap filterMap);
 
     /**
      * Add a filter mapping to this Context before the mappings defined in the
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *  does not match an existing filter definition, or the filter mapping
      *  is malformed
      */
-    public void addFilterMapBefore(FilterMap filterMap);
+    void addFilterMapBefore(FilterMap filterMap);
 
 
     /**
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param locale locale to map an encoding for
      * @param encoding encoding to be used for a give locale
      */
-    public void addLocaleEncodingMappingParameter(String locale, String encoding);
+    void addLocaleEncodingMappingParameter(String locale, String encoding);
 
 
     /**
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param extension Filename extension being mapped
      * @param mimeType Corresponding MIME type
      */
-    public void addMimeMapping(String extension, String mimeType);
+    void addMimeMapping(String extension, String mimeType);
 
 
     /**
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param name Name of the new parameter
      * @param value Value of the new  parameter
      */
-    public void addParameter(String name, String value);
+    void addParameter(String name, String value);
 
 
     /**
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param role Security role used in the application
      * @param link Actual security role to check for
      */
-    public void addRoleMapping(String role, String link);
+    void addRoleMapping(String role, String link);
 
 
     /**
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param role New security role
      */
-    public void addSecurityRole(String role);
+    void addSecurityRole(String role);
 
 
     /**
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param pattern URL pattern to be mapped
      * @param name Name of the corresponding servlet to execute
      */
-    public default void addServletMappingDecoded(String pattern, String name) {
+    default void addServletMappingDecoded(String pattern, String name) {
         addServletMappingDecoded(pattern, name, false);
     }
 
@@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param jspWildcard true if name identifies the JspServlet
      * and pattern contains a wildcard; false otherwise
      */
-    public void addServletMappingDecoded(String pattern, String name,
+    void addServletMappingDecoded(String pattern, String name,
             boolean jspWildcard);
 
 
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param name Path to the resource, relative to docBase
      */
-    public void addWatchedResource(String name);
+    void addWatchedResource(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param name New welcome file name
      */
-    public void addWelcomeFile(String name);
+    void addWelcomeFile(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param listener Java class name of a LifecycleListener class
      */
-    public void addWrapperLifecycle(String listener);
+    void addWrapperLifecycle(String listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param listener Java class name of a ContainerListener class
      */
-    public void addWrapperListener(String listener);
+    void addWrapperListener(String listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * configuration with custom Context implementations.
      * @return the instance manager
      */
-    public InstanceManager createInstanceManager();
+    InstanceManager createInstanceManager();
 
     /**
      * Factory method to create and return a new Wrapper instance, of
@@ -970,27 +970,27 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return a newly created wrapper instance that is used to wrap a Servlet
      */
-    public Wrapper createWrapper();
+    Wrapper createWrapper();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of application listener class names configured
      * for this application.
      */
-    public String[] findApplicationListeners();
+    String[] findApplicationListeners();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of application parameters for this application.
      */
-    public ApplicationParameter[] findApplicationParameters();
+    ApplicationParameter[] findApplicationParameters();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of security constraints for this web application.
      * If there are none, a zero-length array is returned.
      */
-    public SecurityConstraint[] findConstraints();
+    SecurityConstraint[] findConstraints();
 
 
     /**
@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param errorCode Error code to look up
      */
-    public ErrorPage findErrorPage(int errorCode);
+    ErrorPage findErrorPage(int errorCode);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1013,14 +1013,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return the error page entry for the specified Java exception type,
      *         if any; otherwise return {@code null}.
      */
-    public ErrorPage findErrorPage(Throwable throwable);
+    ErrorPage findErrorPage(Throwable throwable);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of defined error pages for all specified error codes
      * and exception types.
      */
-    public ErrorPage[] findErrorPages();
+    ErrorPage[] findErrorPages();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1029,19 +1029,19 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param filterName Filter name to look up
      */
-    public FilterDef findFilterDef(String filterName);
+    FilterDef findFilterDef(String filterName);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of defined filters for this Context.
      */
-    public FilterDef[] findFilterDefs();
+    FilterDef[] findFilterDefs();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of filter mappings for this Context.
      */
-    public FilterMap[] findFilterMaps();
+    FilterMap[] findFilterMaps();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1050,14 +1050,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param extension Extension to map to a MIME type
      */
-    public String findMimeMapping(String extension);
+    String findMimeMapping(String extension);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the extensions for which MIME mappings are defined.  If there
      * are none, a zero-length array is returned.
      */
-    public String[] findMimeMappings();
+    String[] findMimeMappings();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param name Name of the parameter to return
      */
-    public String findParameter(String name);
+    String findParameter(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * for this Context.  If no parameters are defined, a zero-length
      * array is returned.
      */
-    public String[] findParameters();
+    String[] findParameters();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param role Security role to map
      * @return The role name that was mapped to the specified role
      */
-    public String findRoleMapping(String role);
+    String findRoleMapping(String role);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1094,14 +1094,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param role Security role to verify
      */
-    public boolean findSecurityRole(String role);
+    boolean findSecurityRole(String role);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the security roles defined for this application.  If none
      * have been defined, a zero-length array is returned.
      */
-    public String[] findSecurityRoles();
+    String[] findSecurityRoles();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1110,20 +1110,20 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param pattern Pattern for which a mapping is requested
      */
-    public String findServletMapping(String pattern);
+    String findServletMapping(String pattern);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the patterns of all defined servlet mappings for this
      * Context.  If no mappings are defined, a zero-length array is returned.
      */
-    public String[] findServletMappings();
+    String[] findServletMappings();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the associated ThreadBindingListener.
      */
-    public ThreadBindingListener getThreadBindingListener();
+    ThreadBindingListener getThreadBindingListener();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1132,14 +1132,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param threadBindingListener Set the listener that will receive
      *       notifications when entering and exiting the application scope
      */
-    public void setThreadBindingListener(ThreadBindingListener threadBindingListener);
+    void setThreadBindingListener(ThreadBindingListener threadBindingListener);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of watched resources for this Context. If none are
      * defined, a zero length array will be returned.
      */
-    public String[] findWatchedResources();
+    String[] findWatchedResources();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1148,28 +1148,28 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param name Welcome file to verify
      */
-    public boolean findWelcomeFile(String name);
+    boolean findWelcomeFile(String name);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of welcome files defined for this Context.  If none are
      * defined, a zero-length array is returned.
      */
-    public String[] findWelcomeFiles();
+    String[] findWelcomeFiles();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of LifecycleListener classes that will be added to
      * newly created Wrappers automatically.
      */
-    public String[] findWrapperLifecycles();
+    String[] findWrapperLifecycles();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of ContainerListener classes that will be added to
      * newly created Wrappers automatically.
      */
-    public String[] findWrapperListeners();
+    String[] findWrapperListeners();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return <code>true</code> if the listeners fire successfully, else
      *         <code>false</code>
      */
-    public boolean fireRequestInitEvent(ServletRequest request);
+    boolean fireRequestInitEvent(ServletRequest request);
 
     /**
      * Notify all {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletRequestListener}s that a request
@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return <code>true</code> if the listeners fire successfully, else
      *         <code>false</code>
      */
-    public boolean fireRequestDestroyEvent(ServletRequest request);
+    boolean fireRequestDestroyEvent(ServletRequest request);
 
     /**
      * Reload this web application, if reloading is supported.
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @exception IllegalStateException if the <code>reloadable</code>
      *  property is set to <code>false</code>.
      */
-    public void reload();
+    void reload();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param listener Java class name of the listener to be removed
      */
-    public void removeApplicationListener(String listener);
+    void removeApplicationListener(String listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param name Name of the application parameter to remove
      */
-    public void removeApplicationParameter(String name);
+    void removeApplicationParameter(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param constraint Constraint to be removed
      */
-    public void removeConstraint(SecurityConstraint constraint);
+    void removeConstraint(SecurityConstraint constraint);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param errorPage The error page definition to be removed
      */
-    public void removeErrorPage(ErrorPage errorPage);
+    void removeErrorPage(ErrorPage errorPage);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param filterDef Filter definition to be removed
      */
-    public void removeFilterDef(FilterDef filterDef);
+    void removeFilterDef(FilterDef filterDef);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param filterMap The filter mapping to be removed
      */
-    public void removeFilterMap(FilterMap filterMap);
+    void removeFilterMap(FilterMap filterMap);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1259,7 +1259,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param extension Extension to remove the mapping for
      */
-    public void removeMimeMapping(String extension);
+    void removeMimeMapping(String extension);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param name Name of the parameter to remove
      */
-    public void removeParameter(String name);
+    void removeParameter(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param role Security role (as used in the application) to remove
      */
-    public void removeRoleMapping(String role);
+    void removeRoleMapping(String role);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param role Security role to remove
      */
-    public void removeSecurityRole(String role);
+    void removeSecurityRole(String role);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param pattern URL pattern of the mapping to remove
      */
-    public void removeServletMapping(String pattern);
+    void removeServletMapping(String pattern);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1302,7 +1302,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param name Name of the watched resource to be removed
      */
-    public void removeWatchedResource(String name);
+    void removeWatchedResource(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param name Name of the welcome file to be removed
      */
-    public void removeWelcomeFile(String name);
+    void removeWelcomeFile(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param listener Class name of a LifecycleListener class to be removed
      */
-    public void removeWrapperLifecycle(String listener);
+    void removeWrapperLifecycle(String listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1329,7 +1329,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param listener Class name of a ContainerListener class to be removed
      */
-    public void removeWrapperListener(String listener);
+    void removeWrapperListener(String listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1338,14 +1338,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param path The path to the desired resource
      */
-    public String getRealPath(String path);
+    String getRealPath(String path);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the effective major version of the Servlet spec used by this
      * context.
      */
-    public int getEffectiveMajorVersion();
+    int getEffectiveMajorVersion();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1354,14 +1354,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param major Set the version number
      */
-    public void setEffectiveMajorVersion(int major);
+    void setEffectiveMajorVersion(int major);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the effective minor version of the Servlet spec used by this
      * context.
      */
-    public int getEffectiveMinorVersion();
+    int getEffectiveMinorVersion();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1370,14 +1370,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param minor Set the version number
      */
-    public void setEffectiveMinorVersion(int minor);
+    void setEffectiveMinorVersion(int minor);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the JSP configuration for this context.
      * Will be null if there is no JSP configuration.
      */
-    public JspConfigDescriptor getJspConfigDescriptor();
+    JspConfigDescriptor getJspConfigDescriptor();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param descriptor the new JSP configuration
      */
-    public void setJspConfigDescriptor(JspConfigDescriptor descriptor);
+    void setJspConfigDescriptor(JspConfigDescriptor descriptor);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param classes   The classes in which the initializer expressed an
      *                  interest
      */
-    public void addServletContainerInitializer(
+    void addServletContainerInitializer(
             ServletContainerInitializer sci, Set<Class<?>> classes);
 
 
@@ -1405,7 +1405,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @return <code>true</code> if the context has been paused
      */
-    public boolean getPaused();
+    boolean getPaused();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1434,14 +1434,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param resourceOnlyServlets The Servlet names comma separated list
      */
-    public void setResourceOnlyServlets(String resourceOnlyServlets);
+    void setResourceOnlyServlets(String resourceOnlyServlets);
 
     /**
      * Obtains the list of Servlets that expect a resource to be present.
      *
      * @return  A comma separated list of Servlet names as used in web.xml
      */
-    public String getResourceOnlyServlets();
+    String getResourceOnlyServlets();
 
     /**
      * Checks the named Servlet to see if it expects a resource to be present.
@@ -1450,13 +1450,13 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return              <code>true</code> if the Servlet expects a resource,
      *                      otherwise <code>false</code>
      */
-    public boolean isResourceOnlyServlet(String servletName);
+    boolean isResourceOnlyServlet(String servletName);
 
     /**
      * @return the base name to use for WARs, directories or context.xml files
      * for this context.
      */
-    public String getBaseName();
+    String getBaseName();
 
     /**
      * Set the version of this web application - used to differentiate
@@ -1466,14 +1466,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param webappVersion The webapp version associated with the context,
      *    which should be unique
      */
-    public void setWebappVersion(String webappVersion);
+    void setWebappVersion(String webappVersion);
 
     /**
      * @return The version of this web application, used to differentiate
      * different versions of the same web application when using parallel
      * deployment. If not specified, defaults to the empty string.
      */
-    public String getWebappVersion();
+    String getWebappVersion();
 
     /**
      * Configure whether or not requests listeners will be fired on forwards for
@@ -1481,13 +1481,13 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param enable <code>true</code> to fire request listeners when forwarding
      */
-    public void setFireRequestListenersOnForwards(boolean enable);
+    void setFireRequestListenersOnForwards(boolean enable);
 
     /**
      * @return whether or not requests listeners will be fired on forwards for
      * this Context.
      */
-    public boolean getFireRequestListenersOnForwards();
+    boolean getFireRequestListenersOnForwards();
 
     /**
      * Configures if a user presents authentication credentials, whether the
@@ -1497,14 +1497,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param enable <code>true</code> to perform authentication even outside
      *    security constraints
      */
-    public void setPreemptiveAuthentication(boolean enable);
+    void setPreemptiveAuthentication(boolean enable);
 
     /**
      * @return if a user presents authentication credentials, will the
      * context will process them when the request is for a non-protected
      * resource.
      */
-    public boolean getPreemptiveAuthentication();
+    boolean getPreemptiveAuthentication();
 
     /**
      * Configures if a response body is included when a redirect response is
@@ -1512,43 +1512,43 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param enable <code>true</code> to send a response body for redirects
      */
-    public void setSendRedirectBody(boolean enable);
+    void setSendRedirectBody(boolean enable);
 
     /**
      * @return if the context is configured to include a response body as
      * part of a redirect response.
      */
-    public boolean getSendRedirectBody();
+    boolean getSendRedirectBody();
 
     /**
      * @return the Loader with which this Context is associated.
      */
-    public Loader getLoader();
+    Loader getLoader();
 
     /**
      * Set the Loader with which this Context is associated.
      *
      * @param loader The newly associated loader
      */
-    public void setLoader(Loader loader);
+    void setLoader(Loader loader);
 
     /**
      * @return the Resources with which this Context is associated.
      */
-    public WebResourceRoot getResources();
+    WebResourceRoot getResources();
 
     /**
      * Set the Resources object with which this Context is associated.
      *
      * @param resources The newly associated Resources
      */
-    public void setResources(WebResourceRoot resources);
+    void setResources(WebResourceRoot resources);
 
     /**
      * @return the Manager with which this Context is associated.  If there is
      * no associated Manager, return <code>null</code>.
      */
-    public Manager getManager();
+    Manager getManager();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1556,7 +1556,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param manager The newly associated Manager
      */
-    public void setManager(Manager manager);
+    void setManager(Manager manager);
 
     /**
      * Sets the flag that indicates if /WEB-INF/classes should be treated like
@@ -1565,14 +1565,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param addWebinfClassesResources The new value for the flag
      */
-    public void setAddWebinfClassesResources(boolean addWebinfClassesResources);
+    void setAddWebinfClassesResources(boolean addWebinfClassesResources);
 
     /**
      * @return the flag that indicates if /WEB-INF/classes should be treated like
      * an exploded JAR and JAR resources made available as if they were in a
      * JAR.
      */
-    public boolean getAddWebinfClassesResources();
+    boolean getAddWebinfClassesResources();
 
     /**
      * Add a post construct method definition for the given class, if there is
@@ -1587,7 +1587,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *             <code>NULL</code>; if there is already post construct method
      *             definition for the given class
      */
-    public void addPostConstructMethod(String clazz, String method);
+    void addPostConstructMethod(String clazz, String method);
 
     /**
      * Add a pre destroy method definition for the given class, if there is an
@@ -1602,7 +1602,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *             <code>NULL</code>; if there is already pre destroy method
      *             definition for the given class
      */
-    public void addPreDestroyMethod(String clazz, String method);
+    void addPreDestroyMethod(String clazz, String method);
 
     /**
      * Removes the post construct method definition for the given class, if it
@@ -1611,7 +1611,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param clazz
      *            Fully qualified class name
      */
-    public void removePostConstructMethod(String clazz);
+    void removePostConstructMethod(String clazz);
 
     /**
      * Removes the pre destroy method definition for the given class, if it
@@ -1620,7 +1620,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param clazz
      *            Fully qualified class name
      */
-    public void removePreDestroyMethod(String clazz);
+    void removePreDestroyMethod(String clazz);
 
     /**
      * Returns the method name that is specified as post construct method for
@@ -1634,7 +1634,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *         the given class, if it exists; otherwise <code>NULL</code> will
      *         be returned.
      */
-    public String findPostConstructMethod(String clazz);
+    String findPostConstructMethod(String clazz);
 
     /**
      * Returns the method name that is specified as pre destroy method for the
@@ -1647,7 +1647,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *         given class, if it exists; otherwise <code>NULL</code> will be
      *         returned.
      */
-    public String findPreDestroyMethod(String clazz);
+    String findPreDestroyMethod(String clazz);
 
     /**
      * Returns a map with keys - fully qualified class names of the classes that
@@ -1658,7 +1658,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *         have post construct methods and the values are the corresponding
      *         method names.
      */
-    public Map<String, String> findPostConstructMethods();
+    Map<String, String> findPostConstructMethods();
 
     /**
      * Returns a map with keys - fully qualified class names of the classes that
@@ -1669,13 +1669,13 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *         have pre destroy methods and the values are the corresponding
      *         method names.
      */
-    public Map<String, String> findPreDestroyMethods();
+    Map<String, String> findPreDestroyMethods();
 
     /**
      * @return  the token necessary for operations on the associated JNDI naming
      * context.
      */
-    public Object getNamingToken();
+    Object getNamingToken();
 
     /**
      * Sets the {@link CookieProcessor} that will be used to process cookies
@@ -1686,13 +1686,13 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException If a {@code null} CookieProcessor is
      *         specified
      */
-    public void setCookieProcessor(CookieProcessor cookieProcessor);
+    void setCookieProcessor(CookieProcessor cookieProcessor);
 
     /**
      * @return the {@link CookieProcessor} that will be used to process cookies
      * for this Context.
      */
-    public CookieProcessor getCookieProcessor();
+    CookieProcessor getCookieProcessor();
 
     /**
      * When a client provides the ID for a new session, should that ID be
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param validateClientProvidedNewSessionId
      *          {@code true} if validation should be applied
      */
-    public void setValidateClientProvidedNewSessionId(boolean validateClientProvidedNewSessionId);
+    void setValidateClientProvidedNewSessionId(boolean validateClientProvidedNewSessionId);
 
     /**
      * Will client provided session IDs be validated (see {@link
@@ -1720,7 +1720,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return {@code true} if validation will be applied. Otherwise, {@code
      *         false}
      */
-    public boolean getValidateClientProvidedNewSessionId();
+    boolean getValidateClientProvidedNewSessionId();
 
     /**
      * If enabled, requests for a web application context root will be
@@ -1730,7 +1730,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param mapperContextRootRedirectEnabled Should the redirects be enabled?
      */
-    public void setMapperContextRootRedirectEnabled(boolean mapperContextRootRedirectEnabled);
+    void setMapperContextRootRedirectEnabled(boolean mapperContextRootRedirectEnabled);
 
     /**
      * Determines if requests for a web application context root will be
@@ -1741,7 +1741,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return {@code true} if the Mapper level redirect is enabled for this
      *         Context.
      */
-    public boolean getMapperContextRootRedirectEnabled();
+    boolean getMapperContextRootRedirectEnabled();
 
     /**
      * If enabled, requests for a directory will be redirected (adding a
@@ -1750,7 +1750,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param mapperDirectoryRedirectEnabled Should the redirects be enabled?
      */
-    public void setMapperDirectoryRedirectEnabled(boolean mapperDirectoryRedirectEnabled);
+    void setMapperDirectoryRedirectEnabled(boolean mapperDirectoryRedirectEnabled);
 
     /**
      * Determines if requests for a directory will be redirected (adding a
@@ -1760,7 +1760,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return {@code true} if the Mapper level redirect is enabled for this
      *         Context.
      */
-    public boolean getMapperDirectoryRedirectEnabled();
+    boolean getMapperDirectoryRedirectEnabled();
 
     /**
      * Controls whether HTTP 1.1 and later location headers generated by a call
@@ -1780,7 +1780,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param useRelativeRedirects {@code true} to use relative redirects and
      *                             {@code false} to use absolute redirects
      */
-    public void setUseRelativeRedirects(boolean useRelativeRedirects);
+    void setUseRelativeRedirects(boolean useRelativeRedirects);
 
     /**
      * Will HTTP 1.1 and later location headers generated by a call to
@@ -1792,7 +1792,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @see #setUseRelativeRedirects(boolean)
      */
-    public boolean getUseRelativeRedirects();
+    boolean getUseRelativeRedirects();
 
     /**
      * Are paths used in calls to obtain a request dispatcher expected to be
@@ -1803,7 +1803,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param dispatchersUseEncodedPaths {@code true} to use encoded paths,
      *        otherwise {@code false}
      */
-    public void setDispatchersUseEncodedPaths(boolean dispatchersUseEncodedPaths);
+    void setDispatchersUseEncodedPaths(boolean dispatchersUseEncodedPaths);
 
     /**
      * Are paths used in calls to obtain a request dispatcher expected to be
@@ -1814,35 +1814,35 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return {@code true} if encoded paths will be used, otherwise
      *         {@code false}
      */
-    public boolean getDispatchersUseEncodedPaths();
+    boolean getDispatchersUseEncodedPaths();
 
     /**
      * Set the default request body encoding for this web application.
      *
      * @param encoding The default encoding
      */
-    public void setRequestCharacterEncoding(String encoding);
+    void setRequestCharacterEncoding(String encoding);
 
     /**
      * Get the default request body encoding for this web application.
      *
      * @return The default request body encoding
      */
-    public String getRequestCharacterEncoding();
+    String getRequestCharacterEncoding();
 
     /**
      * Set the default response body encoding for this web application.
      *
      * @param encoding The default encoding
      */
-    public void setResponseCharacterEncoding(String encoding);
+    void setResponseCharacterEncoding(String encoding);
 
     /**
      * Get the default response body encoding for this web application.
      *
      * @return The default response body encoding
      */
-    public String getResponseCharacterEncoding();
+    String getResponseCharacterEncoding();
 
     /**
      * Configure if, when returning a context path from {@link
@@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      *
      * @param allowMultipleLeadingForwardSlashInPath The new value for the flag
      */
-    public void setAllowMultipleLeadingForwardSlashInPath(
+    void setAllowMultipleLeadingForwardSlashInPath(
             boolean allowMultipleLeadingForwardSlashInPath);
 
     /**
@@ -1862,13 +1862,13 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return <code>true</code> if multiple leading '/' characters are allowed,
      *         otherwise <code>false</code>
      */
-    public boolean getAllowMultipleLeadingForwardSlashInPath();
+    boolean getAllowMultipleLeadingForwardSlashInPath();
 
 
-    public void incrementInProgressAsyncCount();
+    void incrementInProgressAsyncCount();
 
 
-    public void decrementInProgressAsyncCount();
+    void decrementInProgressAsyncCount();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1879,7 +1879,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @param createUploadTargets {@code true} if Tomcat should attempt to
      *          create the upload target, otherwise {@code false}
      */
-    public void setCreateUploadTargets(boolean createUploadTargets);
+    void setCreateUploadTargets(boolean createUploadTargets);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1890,7 +1890,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @return {@code true} if Tomcat will attempt to create an upload target
      *         otherwise {@code false}
      */
-    public boolean getCreateUploadTargets();
+    boolean getCreateUploadTargets();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1902,14 +1902,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * else the default value will be <code>false</code>.
      * @return the flag value
      */
-    public boolean getAlwaysAccessSession();
+    boolean getAlwaysAccessSession();
 
 
     /**
      * Set the session access behavior.
      * @param alwaysAccessSession the new flag value
      */
-    public void setAlwaysAccessSession(boolean alwaysAccessSession);
+    void setAlwaysAccessSession(boolean alwaysAccessSession);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1924,7 +1924,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * else the default value will be <code>false</code>.
      * @return the flag value
      */
-    public boolean getContextGetResourceRequiresSlash();
+    boolean getContextGetResourceRequiresSlash();
 
 
     /**
@@ -1933,7 +1933,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * a leading &quot;/&quot;.
      * @param contextGetResourceRequiresSlash the new flag value
      */
-    public void setContextGetResourceRequiresSlash(boolean contextGetResourceRequiresSlash);
+    void setContextGetResourceRequiresSlash(boolean contextGetResourceRequiresSlash);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1945,14 +1945,14 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * else the default value will be <code>false</code>.
      * @return the flag value
      */
-    public boolean getDispatcherWrapsSameObject();
+    boolean getDispatcherWrapsSameObject();
 
 
     /**
      * Allow disabling the object wrap check in the request dispatcher.
      * @param dispatcherWrapsSameObject the new flag value
      */
-    public void setDispatcherWrapsSameObject(boolean dispatcherWrapsSameObject);
+    void setDispatcherWrapsSameObject(boolean dispatcherWrapsSameObject);
 
 
     /**
@@ -1962,8 +1962,7 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @deprecated This method will be removed in Tomcat 11 onwards.
      *             Use {@link WebResourceRoot#getArchiveIndexStrategy()}
      */
-    @Deprecated
-    public boolean getUseBloomFilterForArchives();
+    @Deprecated boolean getUseBloomFilterForArchives();
 
     /**
      * Set bloom filter flag value.
@@ -1973,6 +1972,5 @@ public interface Context extends Container, ContextBind {
      * @deprecated This method will be removed in Tomcat 11 onwards
      *             Use {@link WebResourceRoot#setArchiveIndexStrategy(String)}
      */
-    @Deprecated
-    public void setUseBloomFilterForArchives(boolean useBloomFilterForArchives);
+    @Deprecated void setUseBloomFilterForArchives(boolean useBloomFilterForArchives);
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/DistributedManager.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/DistributedManager.java
index dbe015a52a..2ac5fd4e59 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/DistributedManager.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/DistributedManager.java
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ public interface DistributedManager {
      *
      * @return  The total session count across the cluster.
      */
-    public int getActiveSessionsFull();
+    int getActiveSessionsFull();
 
     /**
      * Returns the list of all sessions IDS (primary, backup and proxy).
      *
      * @return  The complete set of sessions IDs across the cluster.
      */
-    public Set<String> getSessionIdsFull();
+    Set<String> getSessionIdsFull();
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Engine.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Engine.java
index 66b4411411..201e93ccff 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Engine.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Engine.java
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public interface Engine extends Container {
     /**
      * @return the default host name for this Engine.
      */
-    public String getDefaultHost();
+    String getDefaultHost();
 
 
     /**
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ public interface Engine extends Container {
      *
      * @param defaultHost The new default host
      */
-    public void setDefaultHost(String defaultHost);
+    void setDefaultHost(String defaultHost);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the JvmRouteId for this engine.
      */
-    public String getJvmRoute();
+    String getJvmRoute();
 
 
     /**
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ public interface Engine extends Container {
      * @param jvmRouteId the (new) JVM Route ID. Each Engine within a cluster
      *        must have a unique JVM Route ID.
      */
-    public void setJvmRoute(String jvmRouteId);
+    void setJvmRoute(String jvmRouteId);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the <code>Service</code> with which we are associated (if any).
      */
-    public Service getService();
+    Service getService();
 
 
     /**
@@ -82,5 +82,5 @@ public interface Engine extends Container {
      *
      * @param service The service that owns this Engine
      */
-    public void setService(Service service);
+    void setService(Service service);
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Executor.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Executor.java
index 5ea6a12ce3..bf9b5754f0 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Executor.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Executor.java
@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ package org.apache.catalina;
 
 public interface Executor extends java.util.concurrent.Executor, Lifecycle {
 
-    public String getName();
+    String getName();
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Group.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Group.java
index 05ece8ba88..9cf329e58e 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Group.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Group.java
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public interface Group extends Principal {
     /**
      * @return the description of this group.
      */
-    public String getDescription();
+    String getDescription();
 
 
     /**
@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ public interface Group extends Principal {
      *
      * @param description The new description
      */
-    public void setDescription(String description);
+    void setDescription(String description);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the group name of this group, which must be unique
      * within the scope of a {@link UserDatabase}.
      */
-    public String getGroupname();
+    String getGroupname();
 
 
     /**
@@ -58,25 +58,25 @@ public interface Group extends Principal {
      *
      * @param groupname The new group name
      */
-    public void setGroupname(String groupname);
+    void setGroupname(String groupname);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of {@link Role}s assigned specifically to this group.
      */
-    public Iterator<Role> getRoles();
+    Iterator<Role> getRoles();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the {@link UserDatabase} within which this Group is defined.
      */
-    public UserDatabase getUserDatabase();
+    UserDatabase getUserDatabase();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of {@link User}s that are members of this group.
      */
-    public Iterator<User> getUsers();
+    Iterator<User> getUsers();
 
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public interface Group extends Principal {
      *
      * @param role The new role
      */
-    public void addRole(Role role);
+    void addRole(Role role);
 
 
     /**
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public interface Group extends Principal {
      * @return <code>true</code> if the group is assigned to the specified role
      *         otherwise <code>false</code>
      */
-    public boolean isInRole(Role role);
+    boolean isInRole(Role role);
 
 
     /**
@@ -105,13 +105,13 @@ public interface Group extends Principal {
      *
      * @param role The old role
      */
-    public void removeRole(Role role);
+    void removeRole(Role role);
 
 
     /**
      * Remove all {@link Role}s from those assigned to this group.
      */
-    public void removeRoles();
+    void removeRoles();
 
 
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Host.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Host.java
index ba585f0273..f9af68e9ae 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Host.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Host.java
@@ -53,14 +53,14 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * The ContainerEvent event type sent when a new alias is added
      * by <code>addAlias()</code>.
      */
-    public static final String ADD_ALIAS_EVENT = "addAlias";
+    String ADD_ALIAS_EVENT = "addAlias";
 
 
     /**
      * The ContainerEvent event type sent when an old alias is removed
      * by <code>removeAlias()</code>.
      */
-    public static final String REMOVE_ALIAS_EVENT = "removeAlias";
+    String REMOVE_ALIAS_EVENT = "removeAlias";
 
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * If null, the base path defaults to
      * ${catalina.base}/conf/&lt;engine name&gt;/&lt;host name&gt; directory
      */
-    public String getXmlBase();
+    String getXmlBase();
 
     /**
      * Set the Xml root for this Host.  This can be an absolute
@@ -81,19 +81,19 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * ${catalina.base}/conf/&lt;engine name&gt;/&lt;host name&gt; directory
      * @param xmlBase The new XML root
      */
-    public void setXmlBase(String xmlBase);
+    void setXmlBase(String xmlBase);
 
     /**
      * @return a default configuration path of this Host. The file will be
      * canonical if possible.
      */
-    public File getConfigBaseFile();
+    File getConfigBaseFile();
 
     /**
      * @return the application root for this Host.  This can be an absolute
      * pathname, a relative pathname, or a URL.
      */
-    public String getAppBase();
+    String getAppBase();
 
 
     /**
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * will be canonical if possible. There is no guarantee that that the
      * appBase exists.
      */
-    public File getAppBaseFile();
+    File getAppBaseFile();
 
 
     /**
@@ -110,14 +110,14 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      *
      * @param appBase The new application root
      */
-    public void setAppBase(String appBase);
+    void setAppBase(String appBase);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the legacy (Java EE) application root for this Host.  This can be
      * an absolute pathname, a relative pathname, or a URL.
      */
-    public String getLegacyAppBase();
+    String getLegacyAppBase();
 
 
     /**
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * Host. The file will be canonical if possible. There is no guarantee that
      * that the appBase exists.
      */
-    public File getLegacyAppBaseFile();
+    File getLegacyAppBaseFile();
 
 
     /**
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      *
      * @param legacyAppBase The new legacy application root
      */
-    public void setLegacyAppBase(String legacyAppBase);
+    void setLegacyAppBase(String legacyAppBase);
 
 
     /**
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * this host's child webapps should be discovered and automatically
      * deployed dynamically.
      */
-    public boolean getAutoDeploy();
+    boolean getAutoDeploy();
 
 
     /**
@@ -150,14 +150,14 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      *
      * @param autoDeploy The new auto deploy flag
      */
-    public void setAutoDeploy(boolean autoDeploy);
+    void setAutoDeploy(boolean autoDeploy);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the Java class name of the context configuration class
      * for new web applications.
      */
-    public String getConfigClass();
+    String getConfigClass();
 
 
     /**
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      *
      * @param configClass The new context configuration class
      */
-    public void setConfigClass(String configClass);
+    void setConfigClass(String configClass);
 
 
     /**
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * that this host's child webapps should be discovered and automatically
      * deployed.
      */
-    public boolean getDeployOnStartup();
+    boolean getDeployOnStartup();
 
 
     /**
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      *
      * @param deployOnStartup The new deploy on startup flag
      */
-    public void setDeployOnStartup(boolean deployOnStartup);
+    void setDeployOnStartup(boolean deployOnStartup);
 
 
     /**
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * the host's appBase that will be ignored by the automatic deployment
      * process.
      */
-    public String getDeployIgnore();
+    String getDeployIgnore();
 
 
     /**
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * directories in the host's appBase that will be ignored by the automatic
      * deployment process.
      */
-    public Pattern getDeployIgnorePattern();
+    Pattern getDeployIgnorePattern();
 
 
     /**
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      *
      * @param deployIgnore A regular expression matching file names
      */
-    public void setDeployIgnore(String deployIgnore);
+    void setDeployIgnore(String deployIgnore);
 
 
     /**
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * is primarily for use by components deploying contexts that want to do
      * this in a multi-threaded manner.
      */
-    public ExecutorService getStartStopExecutor();
+    ExecutorService getStartStopExecutor();
 
 
     /**
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * unless they already exist.
      * @return true if the Host will attempt to create directories
      */
-    public boolean getCreateDirs();
+    boolean getCreateDirs();
 
 
     /**
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      *
      * @param createDirs The new value for this flag
      */
-    public void setCreateDirs(boolean createDirs);
+    void setCreateDirs(boolean createDirs);
 
 
     /**
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      * versions of applications deployed using parallel deployment. This only
      * takes effect is {@link #getAutoDeploy()} also returns <code>true</code>.
      */
-    public boolean getUndeployOldVersions();
+    boolean getUndeployOldVersions();
 
 
     /**
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      *
      * @param undeployOldVersions The new value for this flag
      */
-    public void setUndeployOldVersions(boolean undeployOldVersions);
+    void setUndeployOldVersions(boolean undeployOldVersions);
 
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -261,14 +261,14 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      *
      * @param alias The alias to be added
      */
-    public void addAlias(String alias);
+    void addAlias(String alias);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of alias names for this Host.  If none are defined,
      * a zero length array is returned.
      */
-    public String[] findAliases();
+    String[] findAliases();
 
 
     /**
@@ -276,5 +276,5 @@ public interface Host extends Container {
      *
      * @param alias Alias name to be removed
      */
-    public void removeAlias(String alias);
+    void removeAlias(String alias);
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Lifecycle.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Lifecycle.java
index 3dfd7ea565..5095a596f4 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Lifecycle.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Lifecycle.java
@@ -89,67 +89,67 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
     /**
      * The LifecycleEvent type for the "component before init" event.
      */
-    public static final String BEFORE_INIT_EVENT = "before_init";
+    String BEFORE_INIT_EVENT = "before_init";
 
 
     /**
      * The LifecycleEvent type for the "component after init" event.
      */
-    public static final String AFTER_INIT_EVENT = "after_init";
+    String AFTER_INIT_EVENT = "after_init";
 
 
     /**
      * The LifecycleEvent type for the "component start" event.
      */
-    public static final String START_EVENT = "start";
+    String START_EVENT = "start";
 
 
     /**
      * The LifecycleEvent type for the "component before start" event.
      */
-    public static final String BEFORE_START_EVENT = "before_start";
+    String BEFORE_START_EVENT = "before_start";
 
 
     /**
      * The LifecycleEvent type for the "component after start" event.
      */
-    public static final String AFTER_START_EVENT = "after_start";
+    String AFTER_START_EVENT = "after_start";
 
 
     /**
      * The LifecycleEvent type for the "component stop" event.
      */
-    public static final String STOP_EVENT = "stop";
+    String STOP_EVENT = "stop";
 
 
     /**
      * The LifecycleEvent type for the "component before stop" event.
      */
-    public static final String BEFORE_STOP_EVENT = "before_stop";
+    String BEFORE_STOP_EVENT = "before_stop";
 
 
     /**
      * The LifecycleEvent type for the "component after stop" event.
      */
-    public static final String AFTER_STOP_EVENT = "after_stop";
+    String AFTER_STOP_EVENT = "after_stop";
 
 
     /**
      * The LifecycleEvent type for the "component after destroy" event.
      */
-    public static final String AFTER_DESTROY_EVENT = "after_destroy";
+    String AFTER_DESTROY_EVENT = "after_destroy";
 
 
     /**
      * The LifecycleEvent type for the "component before destroy" event.
      */
-    public static final String BEFORE_DESTROY_EVENT = "before_destroy";
+    String BEFORE_DESTROY_EVENT = "before_destroy";
 
 
     /**
      * The LifecycleEvent type for the "periodic" event.
      */
-    public static final String PERIODIC_EVENT = "periodic";
+    String PERIODIC_EVENT = "periodic";
 
 
     /**
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      * need to signal when configuration should be performed - usually after
      * {@link #BEFORE_START_EVENT} and before {@link #START_EVENT}.
      */
-    public static final String CONFIGURE_START_EVENT = "configure_start";
+    String CONFIGURE_START_EVENT = "configure_start";
 
 
     /**
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      * need to signal when de-configuration should be performed - usually after
      * {@link #STOP_EVENT} and before {@link #AFTER_STOP_EVENT}.
      */
-    public static final String CONFIGURE_STOP_EVENT = "configure_stop";
+    String CONFIGURE_STOP_EVENT = "configure_stop";
 
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to add
      */
-    public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener);
+    void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      *         life cycle. If this component has no listeners registered, a
      *         zero-length array is returned.
      */
-    public LifecycleListener[] findLifecycleListeners();
+    LifecycleListener[] findLifecycleListeners();
 
 
     /**
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to remove
      */
-    public void removeLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener);
+    void removeLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
      *  that prevents this component from being used
      */
-    public void init() throws LifecycleException;
+    void init() throws LifecycleException;
 
     /**
      * Prepare for the beginning of active use of the public methods other than
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
      *  that prevents this component from being used
      */
-    public void start() throws LifecycleException;
+    void start() throws LifecycleException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
      *  that needs to be reported
      */
-    public void stop() throws LifecycleException;
+    void stop() throws LifecycleException;
 
     /**
      * Prepare to discard the object. The following {@link LifecycleEvent}s will
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
      *  that prevents this component from being used
      */
-    public void destroy() throws LifecycleException;
+    void destroy() throws LifecycleException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      *
      * @return The current state of the source component.
      */
-    public LifecycleState getState();
+    LifecycleState getState();
 
 
     /**
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      *
      * @return The name of the current component state.
      */
-    public String getStateName();
+    String getStateName();
 
 
     /**
@@ -314,6 +314,6 @@ public interface Lifecycle {
      * will automatically call {@link #destroy()} after {@link #stop()}
      * completes.
      */
-    public interface SingleUse {
+    interface SingleUse {
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/LifecycleListener.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/LifecycleListener.java
index 09824e9714..0efe7eae46 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/LifecycleListener.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/LifecycleListener.java
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public interface LifecycleListener {
      *
      * @param event LifecycleEvent that has occurred
      */
-    public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event);
+    void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event);
 
 
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/LifecycleState.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/LifecycleState.java
index dccb253a43..717e58792f 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/LifecycleState.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/LifecycleState.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public enum LifecycleState {
     private final boolean available;
     private final String lifecycleEvent;
 
-    private LifecycleState(boolean available, String lifecycleEvent) {
+    LifecycleState(boolean available, String lifecycleEvent) {
         this.available = available;
         this.lifecycleEvent = lifecycleEvent;
     }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Loader.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Loader.java
index 66c080d05b..667acf76c5 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Loader.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Loader.java
@@ -55,19 +55,19 @@ public interface Loader {
      * invoked inside the classloading context of this container. Unexpected
      * throwables will be caught and logged.
      */
-    public void backgroundProcess();
+    void backgroundProcess();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the Java class loader to be used by this Container.
      */
-    public ClassLoader getClassLoader();
+    ClassLoader getClassLoader();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the Context with which this Loader has been associated.
      */
-    public Context getContext();
+    Context getContext();
 
 
     /**
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ public interface Loader {
      *
      * @param context The associated Context
      */
-    public void setContext(Context context);
+    void setContext(Context context);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the "follow standard delegation model" flag used to configure
      * our ClassLoader.
      */
-    public boolean getDelegate();
+    boolean getDelegate();
 
 
     /**
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public interface Loader {
      *
      * @param delegate The new flag
      */
-    public void setDelegate(boolean delegate);
+    void setDelegate(boolean delegate);
 
 
     /**
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public interface Loader {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to add
      */
-    public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
+    void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public interface Loader {
      * @return <code>true</code> when the repository has been modified,
      *         <code>false</code> otherwise
      */
-    public boolean modified();
+    boolean modified();
 
 
     /**
@@ -117,5 +117,5 @@ public interface Loader {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to remove
      */
-    public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
+    void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Manager.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Manager.java
index 3cab011a00..db66fab3a2 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Manager.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Manager.java
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @return The associated Context
      */
-    public Context getContext();
+    Context getContext();
 
 
     /**
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @param context The newly associated Context
      */
-    public void setContext(Context context);
+    void setContext(Context context);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the session id generator
      */
-    public SessionIdGenerator getSessionIdGenerator();
+    SessionIdGenerator getSessionIdGenerator();
 
 
     /**
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @param sessionIdGenerator The session id generator
      */
-    public void setSessionIdGenerator(SessionIdGenerator sessionIdGenerator);
+    void setSessionIdGenerator(SessionIdGenerator sessionIdGenerator);
 
 
     /**
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @return Total number of sessions created by this manager.
      */
-    public long getSessionCounter();
+    long getSessionCounter();
 
 
     /**
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @param sessionCounter Total number of sessions created by this manager.
      */
-    public void setSessionCounter(long sessionCounter);
+    void setSessionCounter(long sessionCounter);
 
 
     /**
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @return Maximum number of sessions that have been active at the same
      * time
      */
-    public int getMaxActive();
+    int getMaxActive();
 
 
     /**
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @param maxActive Maximum number of sessions that have been active at
      * the same time.
      */
-    public void setMaxActive(int maxActive);
+    void setMaxActive(int maxActive);
 
 
     /**
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @return Number of currently active sessions
      */
-    public int getActiveSessions();
+    int getActiveSessions();
 
 
     /**
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @return Number of sessions that have expired
      */
-    public long getExpiredSessions();
+    long getExpiredSessions();
 
 
     /**
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @param expiredSessions Number of sessions that have expired
      */
-    public void setExpiredSessions(long expiredSessions);
+    void setExpiredSessions(long expiredSessions);
 
 
     /**
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @return Number of rejected sessions
      */
-    public int getRejectedSessions();
+    int getRejectedSessions();
 
 
     /**
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @return Longest time (in seconds) that an expired session had been
      * alive.
      */
-    public int getSessionMaxAliveTime();
+    int getSessionMaxAliveTime();
 
 
     /**
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @param sessionMaxAliveTime Longest time (in seconds) that an expired
      * session had been alive.
      */
-    public void setSessionMaxAliveTime(int sessionMaxAliveTime);
+    void setSessionMaxAliveTime(int sessionMaxAliveTime);
 
 
     /**
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @return Average time (in seconds) that expired sessions had been
      * alive.
      */
-    public int getSessionAverageAliveTime();
+    int getSessionAverageAliveTime();
 
 
     /**
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @return  The current rate (in sessions per minute) of session creation
      */
-    public int getSessionCreateRate();
+    int getSessionCreateRate();
 
 
     /**
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @return  The current rate (in sessions per minute) of session expiration
      */
-    public int getSessionExpireRate();
+    int getSessionExpireRate();
 
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @param session Session to be added
      */
-    public void add(Session session);
+    void add(Session session);
 
 
     /**
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to add
      */
-    public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
+    void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @return  The new session ID
      */
-    public default String rotateSessionId(Session session) {
+    default String rotateSessionId(Session session) {
         String newSessionId = null;
         // Assume there new Id is a duplicate until we prove it isn't. The
         // chances of a duplicate are extremely low but the current ManagerBase
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @param session   The session to change the session ID for
      * @param newId   new session ID
      */
-    public void changeSessionId(Session session, String newId);
+    void changeSessionId(Session session, String newId);
 
 
     /**
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @return An empty Session object
      */
-    public Session createEmptySession();
+    Session createEmptySession();
 
 
     /**
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @return An empty Session object with the given ID or a newly created
      *         session ID if none was specified
      */
-    public Session createSession(String sessionId);
+    Session createSession(String sessionId);
 
 
     /**
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @return the request session or {@code null} if a session with the
      *         requested ID could not be found
      */
-    public Session findSession(String id) throws IOException;
+    Session findSession(String id) throws IOException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @return All the currently active sessions managed by this manager
      */
-    public Session[] findSessions();
+    Session[] findSessions();
 
 
     /**
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *  found during the reload
      * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
      */
-    public void load() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException;
+    void load() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @param session Session to be removed
      */
-    public void remove(Session session);
+    void remove(Session session);
 
 
     /**
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @param session   Session to be removed
      * @param update    Should the expiration statistics be updated
      */
-    public void remove(Session session, boolean update);
+    void remove(Session session, boolean update);
 
 
     /**
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to remove
      */
-    public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
+    void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *
      * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
      */
-    public void unload() throws IOException;
+    void unload() throws IOException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * basis and allows the manager to implement
      * a method that executes periodic tasks, such as expiring sessions etc.
      */
-    public void backgroundProcess();
+    void backgroundProcess();
 
 
     /**
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @return {@code true} if the Manager would distribute the given attribute
      *         otherwise {@code false}
      */
-    public boolean willAttributeDistribute(String name, Object value);
+    boolean willAttributeDistribute(String name, Object value);
 
 
     /**
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @return {@code true} if the listener will be notified, {@code false} if
      *         it will not
      */
-    public default boolean getNotifyBindingListenerOnUnchangedValue() {
+    default boolean getNotifyBindingListenerOnUnchangedValue() {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *                                              will be called, {@code
      *                                              false} it will not
      */
-    public void setNotifyBindingListenerOnUnchangedValue(
+    void setNotifyBindingListenerOnUnchangedValue(
             boolean notifyBindingListenerOnUnchangedValue);
 
 
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * @return {@code true} if the listener will be notified, {@code false} if
      *         it will not
      */
-    public default boolean getNotifyAttributeListenerOnUnchangedValue() {
+    default boolean getNotifyAttributeListenerOnUnchangedValue() {
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      *                                                will be called, {@code
      *                                                false} it will not
      */
-    public void setNotifyAttributeListenerOnUnchangedValue(
+    void setNotifyAttributeListenerOnUnchangedValue(
             boolean notifyAttributeListenerOnUnchangedValue);
 
 
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * else the default value will be <code>false</code>.
      * @return the flag value
      */
-    public default boolean getSessionActivityCheck() {
+    default boolean getSessionActivityCheck() {
         return Globals.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE;
     }
 
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * least one active request will always be considered valid.
      * @param sessionActivityCheck the new flag value
      */
-    public void setSessionActivityCheck(boolean sessionActivityCheck);
+    void setSessionActivityCheck(boolean sessionActivityCheck);
 
 
     /**
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ public interface Manager {
      * else the default value will be <code>false</code>.
      * @return the flag value
      */
-    public default boolean getSessionLastAccessAtStart() {
+    default boolean getSessionLastAccessAtStart() {
         return Globals.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE;
     }
 
@@ -489,6 +489,6 @@ public interface Manager {
      * is calculated.
      * @param sessionLastAccessAtStart the new flag value
      */
-    public void setSessionLastAccessAtStart(boolean sessionLastAccessAtStart);
+    void setSessionLastAccessAtStart(boolean sessionLastAccessAtStart);
 
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Pipeline.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Pipeline.java
index 58d2670fa7..67ce9540cc 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Pipeline.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Pipeline.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public interface Pipeline extends Contained {
      * @return the Valve instance that has been distinguished as the basic
      * Valve for this Pipeline (if any).
      */
-    public Valve getBasic();
+    Valve getBasic();
 
 
     /**
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public interface Pipeline extends Contained {
      *
      * @param valve Valve to be distinguished as the basic Valve
      */
-    public void setBasic(Valve valve);
+    void setBasic(Valve valve);
 
 
     /**
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public interface Pipeline extends Contained {
      * @exception IllegalStateException if the specified Valve is already
      *  associated with a different Container
      */
-    public void addValve(Valve valve);
+    void addValve(Valve valve);
 
 
     /**
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public interface Pipeline extends Contained {
      * Container, including the basic Valve (if any).  If there are no
      * such Valves, a zero-length array is returned.
      */
-    public Valve[] getValves();
+    Valve[] getValves();
 
 
     /**
@@ -106,21 +106,21 @@ public interface Pipeline extends Contained {
      *
      * @param valve Valve to be removed
      */
-    public void removeValve(Valve valve);
+    void removeValve(Valve valve);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the Valve instance that has been distinguished as the basic
      * Valve for this Pipeline (if any).
      */
-    public Valve getFirst();
+    Valve getFirst();
 
 
     /**
      * Returns true if all the valves in this pipeline support async, false otherwise
      * @return true if all the valves in this pipeline support async, false otherwise
      */
-    public boolean isAsyncSupported();
+    boolean isAsyncSupported();
 
 
     /**
@@ -131,5 +131,5 @@ public interface Pipeline extends Contained {
      *               Valve in this Pipeline that does not support async will be
      *               added
      */
-    public void findNonAsyncValves(Set<String> result);
+    void findNonAsyncValves(Set<String> result);
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Realm.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Realm.java
index fd030fa549..769db66e85 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Realm.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Realm.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
     /**
      * @return the CredentialHandler configured for this Realm.
      */
-    public CredentialHandler getCredentialHandler();
+    CredentialHandler getCredentialHandler();
 
 
     /**
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      *
      * @param credentialHandler the {@link CredentialHandler} to use
      */
-    public void setCredentialHandler(CredentialHandler credentialHandler);
+    void setCredentialHandler(CredentialHandler credentialHandler);
 
 
     /**
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to add
      */
-    public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
+    void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      * @return the associated principal, or <code>null</code> if none is
      *         associated.
      */
-    public Principal authenticate(String username);
+    Principal authenticate(String username);
 
 
     /**
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      * authenticating this username
      * @return the associated principal, or <code>null</code> if there is none
      */
-    public Principal authenticate(String username, String credentials);
+    Principal authenticate(String username, String credentials);
 
 
     /**
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      * MD5(Method + ":" + uri)
      * @return the associated principal, or <code>null</code> if there is none.
      */
-    public Principal authenticate(String username, String digest,
+    Principal authenticate(String username, String digest,
                                   String nonce, String nc, String cnonce,
                                   String qop, String realm,
                                   String md5a2);
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      *                   credentials in the returned Principal?
      * @return the associated principal, or <code>null</code> if there is none
      */
-    public Principal authenticate(GSSContext gssContext, boolean storeCreds);
+    Principal authenticate(GSSContext gssContext, boolean storeCreds);
 
 
     /**
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      *                      {@code null}
      * @return the associated principal, or {@code null} if there is none
      */
-    public Principal authenticate(GSSName gssName, GSSCredential gssCredential);
+    Principal authenticate(GSSName gssName, GSSCredential gssCredential);
 
 
     /**
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      *  the array being the certificate of the client itself.
      * @return the associated principal, or <code>null</code> if there is none
      */
-    public Principal authenticate(X509Certificate certs[]);
+    Principal authenticate(X509Certificate certs[]);
 
 
     /**
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      * invoked inside the classloading context of this container. Unexpected
      * throwables will be caught and logged.
      */
-    public void backgroundProcess();
+    void backgroundProcess();
 
 
     /**
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      * @return the configured {@link SecurityConstraint}, of <code>null</code>
      *         if there is none
      */
-    public SecurityConstraint [] findSecurityConstraints(Request request,
+    SecurityConstraint [] findSecurityConstraints(Request request,
                                                      Context context);
 
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      *
      * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
      */
-    public boolean hasResourcePermission(Request request,
+    boolean hasResourcePermission(Request request,
                                          Response response,
                                          SecurityConstraint [] constraint,
                                          Context context)
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      *         security role, within the context of this Realm; otherwise return
      *         <code>false</code>.
      */
-    public boolean hasRole(Wrapper wrapper, Principal principal, String role);
+    boolean hasRole(Wrapper wrapper, Principal principal, String role);
 
 
     /**
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      *
      * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
      */
-    public boolean hasUserDataPermission(Request request,
+    boolean hasUserDataPermission(Request request,
                                          Response response,
                                          SecurityConstraint []constraint)
         throws IOException;
@@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ public interface Realm extends Contained {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to remove
      */
-    public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
+    void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
 
 
     /**
      * Return the availability of the realm for authentication.
      * @return <code>true</code> if the realm is able to perform authentication
      */
-    public default boolean isAvailable() {
+    default boolean isAvailable() {
         return true;
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Role.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Role.java
index e4a0c22985..18fea5e3e3 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Role.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Role.java
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public interface Role extends Principal {
     /**
      * @return the description of this role.
      */
-    public String getDescription();
+    String getDescription();
 
 
     /**
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ public interface Role extends Principal {
      *
      * @param description The new description
      */
-    public void setDescription(String description);
+    void setDescription(String description);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the role name of this role, which must be unique
      * within the scope of a {@link UserDatabase}.
      */
-    public String getRolename();
+    String getRolename();
 
 
     /**
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ public interface Role extends Principal {
      *
      * @param rolename The new role name
      */
-    public void setRolename(String rolename);
+    void setRolename(String rolename);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the {@link UserDatabase} within which this Role is defined.
      */
-    public UserDatabase getUserDatabase();
+    UserDatabase getUserDatabase();
 
 
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Server.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Server.java
index 4c5d25c419..eff7279523 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Server.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Server.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
     /**
      * @return the global naming resources.
      */
-    public NamingResourcesImpl getGlobalNamingResources();
+    NamingResourcesImpl getGlobalNamingResources();
 
 
     /**
@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param globalNamingResources The new global naming resources
      */
-    public void setGlobalNamingResources
+    void setGlobalNamingResources
         (NamingResourcesImpl globalNamingResources);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the global naming resources context.
      */
-    public javax.naming.Context getGlobalNamingContext();
+    javax.naming.Context getGlobalNamingContext();
 
 
     /**
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      * @see #getPortOffset()
      * @see #getPortWithOffset()
      */
-    public int getPort();
+    int getPort();
 
 
     /**
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @see #setPortOffset(int)
      */
-    public void setPort(int port);
+    void setPort(int port);
 
     /**
      * Get the number that offsets the port used for shutdown commands.
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @return the port offset
      */
-    public int getPortOffset();
+    int getPortOffset();
 
     /**
      * Set the number that offsets the server port used for shutdown commands.
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param portOffset sets the port offset
      */
-    public void setPortOffset(int portOffset);
+    void setPortOffset(int portOffset);
 
     /**
      * Get the actual port on which server is listening for the shutdown commands.
@@ -109,12 +109,12 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @return the port with offset
      */
-    public int getPortWithOffset();
+    int getPortWithOffset();
 
     /**
      * @return the address on which we listen to for shutdown commands.
      */
-    public String getAddress();
+    String getAddress();
 
 
     /**
@@ -122,13 +122,13 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param address The new address
      */
-    public void setAddress(String address);
+    void setAddress(String address);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the shutdown command string we are waiting for.
      */
-    public String getShutdown();
+    String getShutdown();
 
 
     /**
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param shutdown The new shutdown command
      */
-    public void setShutdown(String shutdown);
+    void setShutdown(String shutdown);
 
 
     /**
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      * {@link #getCatalina()} {@link Catalina#getParentClassLoader()}. If
      * catalina has not been set, return the system class loader.
      */
-    public ClassLoader getParentClassLoader();
+    ClassLoader getParentClassLoader();
 
 
     /**
@@ -152,20 +152,20 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param parent The new parent class loader
      */
-    public void setParentClassLoader(ClassLoader parent);
+    void setParentClassLoader(ClassLoader parent);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the outer Catalina startup/shutdown component if present.
      */
-    public Catalina getCatalina();
+    Catalina getCatalina();
 
     /**
      * Set the outer Catalina startup/shutdown component if present.
      *
      * @param catalina the outer Catalina component
      */
-    public void setCatalina(Catalina catalina);
+    void setCatalina(Catalina catalina);
 
 
     /**
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      * may be the same (and are by default). If this is not set the value
      * returned by {@link #getCatalinaHome()} will be used.
      */
-    public File getCatalinaBase();
+    File getCatalinaBase();
 
     /**
      * Set the configured base (instance) directory. Note that home and base
@@ -181,14 +181,14 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param catalinaBase the configured base directory
      */
-    public void setCatalinaBase(File catalinaBase);
+    void setCatalinaBase(File catalinaBase);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the configured home (binary) directory. Note that home and base
      * may be the same (and are by default).
      */
-    public File getCatalinaHome();
+    File getCatalinaHome();
 
     /**
      * Set the configured home (binary) directory. Note that home and base
@@ -196,21 +196,21 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param catalinaHome the configured home directory
      */
-    public void setCatalinaHome(File catalinaHome);
+    void setCatalinaHome(File catalinaHome);
 
 
     /**
      * Get the utility thread count.
      * @return the thread count
      */
-    public int getUtilityThreads();
+    int getUtilityThreads();
 
 
     /**
      * Set the utility thread count.
      * @param utilityThreads the new thread count
      */
-    public void setUtilityThreads(int utilityThreads);
+    void setUtilityThreads(int utilityThreads);
 
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -221,13 +221,13 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param service The Service to be added
      */
-    public void addService(Service service);
+    void addService(Service service);
 
 
     /**
      * Wait until a proper shutdown command is received, then return.
      */
-    public void await();
+    void await();
 
 
     /**
@@ -236,13 +236,13 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      * @param name Name of the Service to be returned
      * @return the specified Service, or <code>null</code> if none exists.
      */
-    public Service findService(String name);
+    Service findService(String name);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of Services defined within this Server.
      */
-    public Service[] findServices();
+    Service[] findServices();
 
 
     /**
@@ -251,18 +251,18 @@ public interface Server extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param service The Service to be removed
      */
-    public void removeService(Service service);
+    void removeService(Service service);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the token necessary for operations on the associated JNDI naming
      * context.
      */
-    public Object getNamingToken();
+    Object getNamingToken();
 
     /**
      * @return the utility executor managed by the Service.
      */
-    public ScheduledExecutorService getUtilityExecutor();
+    ScheduledExecutorService getUtilityExecutor();
 
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Service.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Service.java
index 32daaa8e11..0d7b37a6a3 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Service.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Service.java
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public interface Service extends Lifecycle {
      * @return the <code>Engine</code> that handles requests for all
      * <code>Connectors</code> associated with this Service.
      */
-    public Engine getContainer();
+    Engine getContainer();
 
     /**
      * Set the <code>Engine</code> that handles requests for all
@@ -47,51 +47,51 @@ public interface Service extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param engine The new Engine
      */
-    public void setContainer(Engine engine);
+    void setContainer(Engine engine);
 
     /**
      * @return the name of this Service.
      */
-    public String getName();
+    String getName();
 
     /**
      * Set the name of this Service.
      *
      * @param name The new service name
      */
-    public void setName(String name);
+    void setName(String name);
 
     /**
      * @return the <code>Server</code> with which we are associated (if any).
      */
-    public Server getServer();
+    Server getServer();
 
     /**
      * Set the <code>Server</code> with which we are associated (if any).
      *
      * @param server The server that owns this Service
      */
-    public void setServer(Server server);
+    void setServer(Server server);
 
     /**
      * @return the parent class loader for this component. If not set, return
      * {@link #getServer()} {@link Server#getParentClassLoader()}. If no server
      * has been set, return the system class loader.
      */
-    public ClassLoader getParentClassLoader();
+    ClassLoader getParentClassLoader();
 
     /**
      * Set the parent class loader for this service.
      *
      * @param parent The new parent class loader
      */
-    public void setParentClassLoader(ClassLoader parent);
+    void setParentClassLoader(ClassLoader parent);
 
     /**
      * @return the domain under which this container will be / has been
      * registered.
      */
-    public String getDomain();
+    String getDomain();
 
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ public interface Service extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param connector The Connector to be added
      */
-    public void addConnector(Connector connector);
+    void addConnector(Connector connector);
 
     /**
      * Find and return the set of Connectors associated with this Service.
      *
      * @return the set of associated Connectors
      */
-    public Connector[] findConnectors();
+    Connector[] findConnectors();
 
     /**
      * Remove the specified Connector from the set associated from this
@@ -118,32 +118,32 @@ public interface Service extends Lifecycle {
      *
      * @param connector The Connector to be removed
      */
-    public void removeConnector(Connector connector);
+    void removeConnector(Connector connector);
 
     /**
      * Adds a named executor to the service
      * @param ex Executor
      */
-    public void addExecutor(Executor ex);
+    void addExecutor(Executor ex);
 
     /**
      * Retrieves all executors
      * @return Executor[]
      */
-    public Executor[] findExecutors();
+    Executor[] findExecutors();
 
     /**
      * Retrieves executor by name, null if not found
      * @param name String
      * @return Executor
      */
-    public Executor getExecutor(String name);
+    Executor getExecutor(String name);
 
     /**
      * Removes an executor from the service
      * @param ex Executor
      */
-    public void removeExecutor(Executor ex);
+    void removeExecutor(Executor ex);
 
     /**
      * @return the mapper associated with this Service.
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Session.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Session.java
index 5047a4814d..4ec7aca0ed 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Session.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Session.java
@@ -39,25 +39,25 @@ public interface Session {
     /**
      * The SessionEvent event type when a session is created.
      */
-    public static final String SESSION_CREATED_EVENT = "createSession";
+    String SESSION_CREATED_EVENT = "createSession";
 
 
     /**
      * The SessionEvent event type when a session is destroyed.
      */
-    public static final String SESSION_DESTROYED_EVENT = "destroySession";
+    String SESSION_DESTROYED_EVENT = "destroySession";
 
 
     /**
      * The SessionEvent event type when a session is activated.
      */
-    public static final String SESSION_ACTIVATED_EVENT = "activateSession";
+    String SESSION_ACTIVATED_EVENT = "activateSession";
 
 
     /**
      * The SessionEvent event type when a session is passivated.
      */
-    public static final String SESSION_PASSIVATED_EVENT = "passivateSession";
+    String SESSION_PASSIVATED_EVENT = "passivateSession";
 
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public interface Session {
      * @return the authentication type used to authenticate our cached
      * Principal, if any.
      */
-    public String getAuthType();
+    String getAuthType();
 
 
     /**
@@ -76,20 +76,20 @@ public interface Session {
      *
      * @param authType The new cached authentication type
      */
-    public void setAuthType(String authType);
+    void setAuthType(String authType);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the creation time for this session.
      */
-    public long getCreationTime();
+    long getCreationTime();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the creation time for this session, bypassing the session validity
      * checks.
      */
-    public long getCreationTimeInternal();
+    long getCreationTimeInternal();
 
 
     /**
@@ -98,19 +98,19 @@ public interface Session {
      *
      * @param time The new creation time
      */
-    public void setCreationTime(long time);
+    void setCreationTime(long time);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the session identifier for this session.
      */
-    public String getId();
+    String getId();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the session identifier for this session.
      */
-    public String getIdInternal();
+    String getIdInternal();
 
 
     /**
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ public interface Session {
      *
      * @param id The new session identifier
      */
-    public void setId(String id);
+    void setId(String id);
 
 
     /**
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ public interface Session {
      * @param notify    Should any associated listeners be notified that a new
      *                      session has been created?
      */
-    public void setId(String id, boolean notify);
+    void setId(String id, boolean notify);
 
 
     /**
@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@ public interface Session {
      * a value associated with the session, do not affect the access time.
      * This one gets updated whenever a request starts.
      */
-    public long getThisAccessedTime();
+    long getThisAccessedTime();
 
     /**
      * @return the last client access time without invalidation check
      * @see #getThisAccessedTime()
      */
-    public long getThisAccessedTimeInternal();
+    long getThisAccessedTimeInternal();
 
     /**
      * @return the last time the client sent a request associated with this
@@ -155,29 +155,29 @@ public interface Session {
      * a value associated with the session, do not affect the access time.
      * This one gets updated whenever a request finishes.
      */
-    public long getLastAccessedTime();
+    long getLastAccessedTime();
 
     /**
      * @return the last client access time without invalidation check
      * @see #getLastAccessedTime()
      */
-    public long getLastAccessedTimeInternal();
+    long getLastAccessedTimeInternal();
 
     /**
      * @return the idle time (in milliseconds) from last client access time.
      */
-    public long getIdleTime();
+    long getIdleTime();
 
     /**
      * @return the idle time from last client access time without invalidation check
      * @see #getIdleTime()
      */
-    public long getIdleTimeInternal();
+    long getIdleTimeInternal();
 
     /**
      * @return the Manager within which this Session is valid.
      */
-    public Manager getManager();
+    Manager getManager();
 
 
     /**
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ public interface Session {
      *
      * @param manager The new Manager
      */
-    public void setManager(Manager manager);
+    void setManager(Manager manager);
 
 
     /**
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ public interface Session {
      * before the servlet container will invalidate the session.  A negative
      * time indicates that the session should never time out.
      */
-    public int getMaxInactiveInterval();
+    int getMaxInactiveInterval();
 
 
     /**
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ public interface Session {
      *
      * @param interval The new maximum interval
      */
-    public void setMaxInactiveInterval(int interval);
+    void setMaxInactiveInterval(int interval);
 
 
     /**
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ public interface Session {
      *
      * @param isNew The new value for the <code>isNew</code> flag
      */
-    public void setNew(boolean isNew);
+    void setNew(boolean isNew);
 
 
     /**
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ public interface Session {
      * <code>Realm.authenticate()</code> calls on every request.  If there
      * is no current associated Principal, return <code>null</code>.
      */
-    public Principal getPrincipal();
+    Principal getPrincipal();
 
 
     /**
@@ -232,14 +232,14 @@ public interface Session {
      *
      * @param principal The new Principal, or <code>null</code> if none
      */
-    public void setPrincipal(Principal principal);
+    void setPrincipal(Principal principal);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the <code>HttpSession</code> for which this object
      * is the facade.
      */
-    public HttpSession getSession();
+    HttpSession getSession();
 
 
     /**
@@ -247,13 +247,13 @@ public interface Session {
      *
      * @param isValid The new value for the <code>isValid</code> flag
      */
-    public void setValid(boolean isValid);
+    void setValid(boolean isValid);
 
 
     /**
      * @return <code>true</code> if the session is still valid
      */
-    public boolean isValid();
+    boolean isValid();
 
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ public interface Session {
      * should be called by the context when a request comes in for a particular
      * session, even if the application does not reference it.
      */
-    public void access();
+    void access();
 
 
     /**
@@ -273,20 +273,20 @@ public interface Session {
      * @param listener the SessionListener instance that should be notified
      *   for session events
      */
-    public void addSessionListener(SessionListener listener);
+    void addSessionListener(SessionListener listener);
 
 
     /**
      * End access to the session.
      */
-    public void endAccess();
+    void endAccess();
 
 
     /**
      * Perform the internal processing required to invalidate this session,
      * without triggering an exception if the session has already expired.
      */
-    public void expire();
+    void expire();
 
 
     /**
@@ -295,21 +295,21 @@ public interface Session {
      *
      * @param name Name of the note to be returned
      */
-    public Object getNote(String name);
+    Object getNote(String name);
 
 
     /**
      * @return an Iterator containing the String names of all notes bindings
      * that exist for this session.
      */
-    public Iterator<String> getNoteNames();
+    Iterator<String> getNoteNames();
 
 
     /**
      * Release all object references, and initialize instance variables, in
      * preparation for reuse of this object.
      */
-    public void recycle();
+    void recycle();
 
 
     /**
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ public interface Session {
      *
      * @param name Name of the note to be removed
      */
-    public void removeNote(String name);
+    void removeNote(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ public interface Session {
      * @param listener remove the session listener, which will no longer be
      *     notified
      */
-    public void removeSessionListener(SessionListener listener);
+    void removeSessionListener(SessionListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ public interface Session {
      * @param name Name to which the object should be bound
      * @param value Object to be bound to the specified name
      */
-    public void setNote(String name, Object value);
+    void setNote(String name, Object value);
 
 
     /**
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ public interface Session {
      * @param notifyContainerListeners  Should any associated ContainerListeners
      *        be notified that session ID has been changed?
      */
-    public void tellChangedSessionId(String newId, String oldId,
+    void tellChangedSessionId(String newId, String oldId,
             boolean notifySessionListeners, boolean notifyContainerListeners);
 
 
@@ -372,5 +372,5 @@ public interface Session {
      * @return {@code true} if distribution is supported, otherwise {@code
      *         false}
      */
-    public boolean isAttributeDistributable(String name, Object value);
+    boolean isAttributeDistributable(String name, Object value);
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/SessionIdGenerator.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/SessionIdGenerator.java
index b11a4c3256..09a08dfb19 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/SessionIdGenerator.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/SessionIdGenerator.java
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public interface SessionIdGenerator {
      * @return the node identifier associated with this node which will be
      * included in the generated session ID.
      */
-    public String getJvmRoute();
+    String getJvmRoute();
 
     /**
      * Specify the node identifier associated with this node which will be
@@ -30,26 +30,26 @@ public interface SessionIdGenerator {
      *
      * @param jvmRoute  The node identifier
      */
-    public void setJvmRoute(String jvmRoute);
+    void setJvmRoute(String jvmRoute);
 
     /**
      * @return the number of bytes for a session ID
      */
-    public int getSessionIdLength();
+    int getSessionIdLength();
 
     /**
      * Specify the number of bytes for a session ID
      *
      * @param sessionIdLength   Number of bytes
      */
-    public void setSessionIdLength(int sessionIdLength);
+    void setSessionIdLength(int sessionIdLength);
 
     /**
      * Generate and return a new session identifier.
      *
      * @return the newly generated session id
      */
-    public String generateSessionId();
+    String generateSessionId();
 
     /**
      * Generate and return a new session identifier.
@@ -57,5 +57,5 @@ public interface SessionIdGenerator {
      * @param route   node identifier to include in generated id
      * @return the newly generated session id
      */
-    public String generateSessionId(String route);
+    String generateSessionId(String route);
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/SessionListener.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/SessionListener.java
index fe717509cb..47516abe02 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/SessionListener.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/SessionListener.java
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public interface SessionListener extends EventListener {
      *
      * @param event SessionEvent that has occurred
      */
-    public void sessionEvent(SessionEvent event);
+    void sessionEvent(SessionEvent event);
 
 
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Store.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Store.java
index ccf582d4f7..9512121526 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Store.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Store.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public interface Store {
     /**
      * @return the Manager instance associated with this Store.
      */
-    public Manager getManager();
+    Manager getManager();
 
 
     /**
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public interface Store {
      *
      * @param manager The Manager which will use this Store.
      */
-    public void setManager(Manager manager);
+    void setManager(Manager manager);
 
 
     /**
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public interface Store {
      *
      * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
      */
-    public int getSize() throws IOException;
+    int getSize() throws IOException;
 
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public interface Store {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to add
      */
-    public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
+    void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public interface Store {
      *
      * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurred
      */
-    public String[] keys() throws IOException;
+    String[] keys() throws IOException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ public interface Store {
      * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
      * @return the loaded Session instance
      */
-    public Session load(String id)
+    Session load(String id)
         throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException;
 
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ public interface Store {
      *
      * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
      */
-    public void remove(String id) throws IOException;
+    void remove(String id) throws IOException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public interface Store {
      *
      * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
      */
-    public void clear() throws IOException;
+    void clear() throws IOException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public interface Store {
      *
      * @param listener The listener to remove
      */
-    public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
+    void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
 
 
     /**
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ public interface Store {
      *
      * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
      */
-    public void save(Session session) throws IOException;
+    void save(Session session) throws IOException;
 
 
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/ThreadBindingListener.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/ThreadBindingListener.java
index 4dbf138b4b..f901e534ad 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/ThreadBindingListener.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/ThreadBindingListener.java
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ package org.apache.catalina;
  */
 public interface ThreadBindingListener {
 
-    public void bind();
-    public void unbind();
+    void bind();
+    void unbind();
 
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/User.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/User.java
index fb339b979d..eb51a1b807 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/User.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/User.java
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public interface User extends Principal {
     /**
      * @return the full name of this user.
      */
-    public String getFullName();
+    String getFullName();
 
 
     /**
@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ public interface User extends Principal {
      *
      * @param fullName The new full name
      */
-    public void setFullName(String fullName);
+    void setFullName(String fullName);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of {@link Group}s to which this user belongs.
      */
-    public Iterator<Group> getGroups();
+    Iterator<Group> getGroups();
 
 
     /**
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public interface User extends Principal {
      * identifier of an encoding scheme surrounded by curly braces, such as
      * <code>{md5}xxxxx</code>.
      */
-    public String getPassword();
+    String getPassword();
 
 
     /**
@@ -71,26 +71,26 @@ public interface User extends Principal {
      *
      * @param password The new logon password
      */
-    public void setPassword(String password);
+    void setPassword(String password);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of {@link Role}s assigned specifically to this user.
      */
-    public Iterator<Role> getRoles();
+    Iterator<Role> getRoles();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the {@link UserDatabase} within which this User is defined.
      */
-    public UserDatabase getUserDatabase();
+    UserDatabase getUserDatabase();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the logon username of this user, which must be unique
      * within the scope of a {@link UserDatabase}.
      */
-    public String getUsername();
+    String getUsername();
 
 
     /**
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public interface User extends Principal {
      *
      * @param username The new logon username
      */
-    public void setUsername(String username);
+    void setUsername(String username);
 
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ public interface User extends Principal {
      *
      * @param group The new group
      */
-    public void addGroup(Group group);
+    void addGroup(Group group);
 
 
     /**
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ public interface User extends Principal {
      *
      * @param role The new role
      */
-    public void addRole(Role role);
+    void addRole(Role role);
 
 
     /**
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public interface User extends Principal {
      * @param group The group to check
      * @return <code>true</code> if the user is in the specified group
      */
-    public boolean isInGroup(Group group);
+    boolean isInGroup(Group group);
 
 
     /**
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ public interface User extends Principal {
      * @param role The role to check
      * @return <code>true</code> if the user has the specified role
      */
-    public boolean isInRole(Role role);
+    boolean isInRole(Role role);
 
 
     /**
@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@ public interface User extends Principal {
      *
      * @param group The old group
      */
-    public void removeGroup(Group group);
+    void removeGroup(Group group);
 
 
     /**
      * Remove all {@link Group}s from those this user belongs to.
      */
-    public void removeGroups();
+    void removeGroups();
 
 
     /**
@@ -160,13 +160,13 @@ public interface User extends Principal {
      *
      * @param role The old role
      */
-    public void removeRole(Role role);
+    void removeRole(Role role);
 
 
     /**
      * Remove all {@link Role}s from those assigned to this user.
      */
-    public void removeRoles();
+    void removeRoles();
 
 
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/UserDatabase.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/UserDatabase.java
index 713cc1d324..e07b90b812 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/UserDatabase.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/UserDatabase.java
@@ -34,25 +34,25 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
     /**
      * @return the set of {@link Group}s defined in this user database.
      */
-    public Iterator<Group> getGroups();
+    Iterator<Group> getGroups();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the unique global identifier of this user database.
      */
-    public String getId();
+    String getId();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of {@link Role}s defined in this user database.
      */
-    public Iterator<Role> getRoles();
+    Iterator<Role> getRoles();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of {@link User}s defined in this user database.
      */
-    public Iterator<User> getUsers();
+    Iterator<User> getUsers();
 
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @exception Exception if any exception is thrown during closing
      */
-    public void close() throws Exception;
+    void close() throws Exception;
 
 
     /**
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      * @param description The description of this group
      * @return The new group
      */
-    public Group createGroup(String groupname, String description);
+    Group createGroup(String groupname, String description);
 
 
     /**
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      * @param description The description of this role
      * @return The new role
      */
-    public Role createRole(String rolename, String description);
+    Role createRole(String rolename, String description);
 
 
     /**
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      * @param fullName The full name of the new user
      * @return The new user
      */
-    public User createUser(String username, String password, String fullName);
+    User createUser(String username, String password, String fullName);
 
 
     /**
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @param groupname Name of the group to return
      */
-    public Group findGroup(String groupname);
+    Group findGroup(String groupname);
 
 
     /**
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @param rolename Name of the role to return
      */
-    public Role findRole(String rolename);
+    Role findRole(String rolename);
 
 
     /**
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @param username Name of the user to return
      */
-    public User findUser(String username);
+    User findUser(String username);
 
 
     /**
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @exception Exception if any exception is thrown during opening
      */
-    public void open() throws Exception;
+    void open() throws Exception;
 
 
     /**
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @param group The group to be removed
      */
-    public void removeGroup(Group group);
+    void removeGroup(Group group);
 
 
     /**
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @param role The role to be removed
      */
-    public void removeRole(Role role);
+    void removeRole(Role role);
 
 
     /**
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @param user The user to be removed
      */
-    public void removeUser(User user);
+    void removeUser(User user);
 
 
     /**
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @param group The group that has been modified
      */
-    public default void modifiedGroup(Group group) {}
+    default void modifiedGroup(Group group) {}
 
 
     /**
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @param role The role that has been modified
      */
-    public default void modifiedRole(Role role) {}
+    default void modifiedRole(Role role) {}
 
 
     /**
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @param user The user that has been modified
      */
-    public default void modifiedUser(User user) {}
+    default void modifiedUser(User user) {}
 
 
     /**
@@ -188,14 +188,14 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @exception Exception if any exception is thrown during saving
      */
-    public void save() throws Exception;
+    void save() throws Exception;
 
 
     /**
      * Perform any background processing (e.g. checking for changes in persisted
      * storage) required for the user database.
      */
-    public default void backgroundProcess() {
+    default void backgroundProcess() {
         // NO-OP by default
     }
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @return true
      */
-    public default boolean isAvailable() {
+    default boolean isAvailable() {
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ public interface UserDatabase {
      *
      * @return false
      */
-    public default boolean isSparse() {
+    default boolean isSparse() {
         return false;
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Valve.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Valve.java
index 699cc1e51d..b986d27e80 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Valve.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Valve.java
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public interface Valve {
     /**
      * @return the next Valve in the pipeline containing this Valve, if any.
      */
-    public Valve getNext();
+    Valve getNext();
 
 
     /**
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public interface Valve {
      *
      * @param valve The new next valve, or <code>null</code> if none
      */
-    public void setNext(Valve valve);
+    void setNext(Valve valve);
 
 
     //---------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public interface Valve {
      * invoked inside the classloading context of this container. Unexpected
      * throwables will be caught and logged.
      */
-    public void backgroundProcess();
+    void backgroundProcess();
 
 
     /**
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ public interface Valve {
      * @exception ServletException if a servlet error occurs, or is thrown
      *  by a subsequently invoked Valve, Filter, or Servlet
      */
-    public void invoke(Request request, Response response)
+    void invoke(Request request, Response response)
         throws IOException, ServletException;
 
 
-    public boolean isAsyncSupported();
+    boolean isAsyncSupported();
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/Wrapper.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/Wrapper.java
index b40252eeae..0803161df9 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/Wrapper.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/Wrapper.java
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
     /**
      * Container event for adding a wrapper.
      */
-    public static final String ADD_MAPPING_EVENT = "addMapping";
+    String ADD_MAPPING_EVENT = "addMapping";
 
     /**
      * Container event for removing a wrapper.
      */
-    public static final String REMOVE_MAPPING_EVENT = "removeMapping";
+    String REMOVE_MAPPING_EVENT = "removeMapping";
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      * the servlet is currently available.  A value equal to Long.MAX_VALUE
      * is considered to mean that unavailability is permanent.
      */
-    public long getAvailable();
+    long getAvailable();
 
 
     /**
@@ -76,14 +76,14 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param available The new available date/time
      */
-    public void setAvailable(long available);
+    void setAvailable(long available);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the load-on-startup order value (negative value means
      * load on first call).
      */
-    public int getLoadOnStartup();
+    int getLoadOnStartup();
 
 
     /**
@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param value New load-on-startup value
      */
-    public void setLoadOnStartup(int value);
+    void setLoadOnStartup(int value);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the run-as identity for this servlet.
      */
-    public String getRunAs();
+    String getRunAs();
 
 
     /**
@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param runAs New run-as identity value
      */
-    public void setRunAs(String runAs);
+    void setRunAs(String runAs);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the fully qualified servlet class name for this servlet.
      */
-    public String getServletClass();
+    String getServletClass();
 
 
     /**
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param servletClass Servlet class name
      */
-    public void setServletClass(String servletClass);
+    void setServletClass(String servletClass);
 
 
     /**
@@ -135,19 +135,19 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @throws ServletException If the target servlet cannot be loaded
      */
-    public String[] getServletMethods() throws ServletException;
+    String[] getServletMethods() throws ServletException;
 
 
     /**
      * @return <code>true</code> if this Servlet is currently unavailable.
      */
-    public boolean isUnavailable();
+    boolean isUnavailable();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the associated Servlet instance.
      */
-    public Servlet getServlet();
+    Servlet getServlet();
 
 
     /**
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param servlet The associated Servlet
      */
-    public void setServlet(Servlet servlet);
+    void setServlet(Servlet servlet);
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      * @param name Name of this initialization parameter to add
      * @param value Value of this initialization parameter to add
      */
-    public void addInitParameter(String name, String value);
+    void addInitParameter(String name, String value);
 
 
     /**
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param mapping The new wrapper mapping
      */
-    public void addMapping(String mapping);
+    void addMapping(String mapping);
 
 
     /**
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      * @param name Role name used within this servlet
      * @param link Role name used within the web application
      */
-    public void addSecurityReference(String name, String link);
+    void addSecurityReference(String name, String link);
 
 
     /**
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      * @exception ServletException if a loading error occurs
      * @return a new Servlet instance
      */
-    public Servlet allocate() throws ServletException;
+    Servlet allocate() throws ServletException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @exception ServletException if a deallocation error occurs
      */
-    public void deallocate(Servlet servlet) throws ServletException;
+    void deallocate(Servlet servlet) throws ServletException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -216,20 +216,20 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param name Name of the requested initialization parameter
      */
-    public String findInitParameter(String name);
+    String findInitParameter(String name);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the names of all defined initialization parameters for this
      * servlet.
      */
-    public String[] findInitParameters();
+    String[] findInitParameters();
 
 
     /**
      * @return the mappings associated with this wrapper.
      */
-    public String[] findMappings();
+    String[] findMappings();
 
 
     /**
@@ -238,20 +238,20 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param name Security role reference used within this servlet
      */
-    public String findSecurityReference(String name);
+    String findSecurityReference(String name);
 
 
     /**
      * @return the set of security role reference names associated with
      * this servlet, if any; otherwise return a zero-length array.
      */
-    public String[] findSecurityReferences();
+    String[] findSecurityReferences();
 
 
     /**
      * Increment the error count value used when monitoring.
      */
-    public void incrementErrorCount();
+    void incrementErrorCount();
 
 
     /**
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      * @exception ServletException if the Servlet init() method threw
      *  an exception or if some other loading problem occurs
      */
-    public void load() throws ServletException;
+    void load() throws ServletException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param name Name of the initialization parameter to remove
      */
-    public void removeInitParameter(String name);
+    void removeInitParameter(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param mapping The pattern to remove
      */
-    public void removeMapping(String mapping);
+    void removeMapping(String mapping);
 
 
     /**
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param name Security role used within this servlet to be removed
      */
-    public void removeSecurityReference(String name);
+    void removeSecurityReference(String name);
 
 
     /**
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      * @param unavailable The exception that occurred, or <code>null</code>
      *  to mark this Servlet as permanently unavailable
      */
-    public void unavailable(UnavailableException unavailable);
+    void unavailable(UnavailableException unavailable);
 
 
     /**
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @exception ServletException if an unload error occurs
      */
-    public void unload() throws ServletException;
+    void unload() throws ServletException;
 
 
     /**
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      * multi-part configuration has been defined, then <code>null</code> will be
      * returned.
      */
-    public MultipartConfigElement getMultipartConfigElement();
+    MultipartConfigElement getMultipartConfigElement();
 
 
     /**
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @param multipartConfig The configuration associated with the Servlet
      */
-    public void setMultipartConfigElement(
+    void setMultipartConfigElement(
             MultipartConfigElement multipartConfig);
 
     /**
@@ -335,40 +335,40 @@ public interface Wrapper extends Container {
      *
      * @return <code>true</code> if the Servlet supports async
      */
-    public boolean isAsyncSupported();
+    boolean isAsyncSupported();
 
     /**
      * Set the async support for the associated Servlet.
      *
      * @param asyncSupport the new value
      */
-    public void setAsyncSupported(boolean asyncSupport);
+    void setAsyncSupported(boolean asyncSupport);
 
     /**
      * Is the associated Servlet enabled? Defaults to <code>true</code>.
      *
      * @return <code>true</code> if the Servlet is enabled
      */
-    public boolean isEnabled();
+    boolean isEnabled();
 
     /**
      * Sets the enabled attribute for the associated servlet.
      *
      * @param enabled the new value
      */
-    public void setEnabled(boolean enabled);
+    void setEnabled(boolean enabled);
 
     /**
      * Is the Servlet overridable by a ServletContainerInitializer?
      *
      * @return <code>true</code> if the Servlet can be overridden in a ServletContainerInitializer
      */
-    public boolean isOverridable();
+    boolean isOverridable();
 
     /**
      * Sets the overridable attribute for this Servlet.
      *
      * @param overridable the new value
      */
-    public void setOverridable(boolean overridable);
+    void setOverridable(boolean overridable);
 }
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/authenticator/jaspic/AuthConfigFactoryImpl.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/authenticator/jaspic/AuthConfigFactoryImpl.java
index 644e76a2bc..41c1de3973 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/authenticator/jaspic/AuthConfigFactoryImpl.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/authenticator/jaspic/AuthConfigFactoryImpl.java
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ public class AuthConfigFactoryImpl extends AuthConfigFactory {
         private final RegistrationListener listener;
 
 
-        public RegistrationListenerWrapper(String messageLayer, String appContext,
+        RegistrationListenerWrapper(String messageLayer, String appContext,
                 RegistrationListener listener) {
             this.messageLayer = messageLayer;
             this.appContext = appContext;
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ public class AuthConfigFactoryImpl extends AuthConfigFactory {
 
         private final ServerAuthModule module;
 
-        public SingleModuleServerAuthContext(ServerAuthModule module) {
+        SingleModuleServerAuthContext(ServerAuthModule module) {
             this.module = module;
         }
 
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ public class AuthConfigFactoryImpl extends AuthConfigFactory {
         private final ServerAuthContext context;
         private final String appContext;
 
-        public SingleContextServerAuthConfig(ServerAuthContext context, String appContext) {
+        SingleContextServerAuthConfig(ServerAuthContext context, String appContext) {
             this.context = context;
             this.appContext = appContext;
         }
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ public class AuthConfigFactoryImpl extends AuthConfigFactory {
 
         private final ServerAuthConfig serverAuthConfig;
 
-        public SingleConfigAuthConfigProvider(ServerAuthConfig serverAuthConfig) {
+        SingleConfigAuthConfigProvider(ServerAuthConfig serverAuthConfig) {
             this.serverAuthConfig = serverAuthConfig;
         }
 
diff --git a/java/org/apache/catalina/connector/CoyoteInputStream.java b/java/org/apache/catalina/connector/CoyoteInputStream.java
index ac3ce2d13c..a1588d455d 100644
--- a/java/org/apache/catalina/connector/CoyoteInputStream.java
+++ b/java/org/apache/catalina/connector/CoyoteInputStream.java
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ public class CoyoteInputStream extends ServletInputStream {
 
         private final InputBuffer inputBuffer;
 
-        public PrivilegedAvailable(InputBuffer inputBuffer) {
+        PrivilegedAvailable(InputBuffer inputBuffer) {
             this.inputBuffer = inputBuffer;
         }
 
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ public class CoyoteInputStream extends ServletInputStream {
 
         private final InputBuffer inputBuffer;
 
-        public PrivilegedClose(InputBuffer inputBuffer) {
+        PrivilegedClose(InputBuffer inputBuffer) {
             this.inputBuffer = inputBuffer;
         }
 
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ public class CoyoteInputStream extends ServletInputStream {
... 11819 lines suppressed ...


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