[jira] [Created] (ARROW-8221) [Python][Dataset] Expose schema inference / validation options in the factory

["Joris Van den Bossche (Jira)" <ji...@apache.org>]

Joris Van den Bossche created ARROW-8221:
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             Summary: [Python][Dataset] Expose schema inference / validation options in the factory
                 Key: ARROW-8221
                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-8221
             Project: Apache Arrow
          Issue Type: Improvement
          Components: Python
            Reporter: Joris Van den Bossche
             Fix For: 0.17.0


ARROW-8058 added options related to schema inference / validation for the Dataset factory. We should expose this in Python in the {{dataset(..)}} factory function:

- Add ability to pass a user-specified schema with a {{schema}} keyword, instead of inferring the schema from (one of) the files (to be passed to the factory finish method)
- Add {{validate_schema}} option to toggle whether the schema is validated against the actual files or not.
- Expose in some way the number of fragments to be inspected when inferring the schema. Not sure yet what the best API for this would be. 



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