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Posted to commits@maven.apache.org by mi...@apache.org on 2019/07/10 19:28:48 UTC

[maven] branch master updated: [MNG-6702] Improve DefaultModelValidator performance:

This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

michaelo pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/maven.git


The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/master by this push:
     new 9b8ae7d  [MNG-6702] Improve DefaultModelValidator performance:
9b8ae7d is described below

commit 9b8ae7d5281cbb4e789e50fb42ae42734a54a6dd
Author: Guillaume Nodet <gn...@gmail.com>
AuthorDate: Fri Jun 28 10:44:10 2019 +0200

    [MNG-6702] Improve DefaultModelValidator performance:
    
    Avoid tons of string concatenations that are done but usually not used
    
    This closes #268
---
 .../model/validation/DefaultModelValidator.java    | 279 +++++++++++++--------
 .../validation/DefaultModelValidatorTest.java      |   6 +-
 2 files changed, 176 insertions(+), 109 deletions(-)

diff --git a/maven-model-builder/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/model/validation/DefaultModelValidator.java b/maven-model-builder/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/model/validation/DefaultModelValidator.java
index 551bd2a..cfa6e20 100644
--- a/maven-model-builder/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/model/validation/DefaultModelValidator.java
+++ b/maven-model-builder/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/model/validation/DefaultModelValidator.java
@@ -82,6 +82,10 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
     private static final String ILLEGAL_REPO_ID_CHARS = ILLEGAL_FS_CHARS;
 
+    private static final String EMPTY = "";
+
+    private final Set<String> validIds = new HashSet<>();
+
     @Override
     public void validateRawModel( Model m, ModelBuildingRequest request, ModelProblemCollector problems )
     {
@@ -142,7 +146,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
                 validateStringNotEmpty( "version", problems, Severity.FATAL, Version.V20, m.getVersion(), m );
             }
 
-            validate20RawDependencies( problems, m.getDependencies(), "dependencies.dependency", request );
+            validate20RawDependencies( problems, m.getDependencies(), "dependencies.dependency.", EMPTY, request );
 
             validate20RawDependenciesSelfReferencing( problems, m, m.getDependencies(), "dependencies.dependency",
                                                       request );
@@ -150,24 +154,24 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             if ( m.getDependencyManagement() != null )
             {
                 validate20RawDependencies( problems, m.getDependencyManagement().getDependencies(),
-                                           "dependencyManagement.dependencies.dependency", request );
+                                           "dependencyManagement.dependencies.dependency.", EMPTY, request );
             }
 
-            validateRawRepositories( problems, m.getRepositories(), "repositories.repository", request );
+            validateRawRepositories( problems, m.getRepositories(), "repositories.repository.", EMPTY, request );
 
-            validateRawRepositories( problems, m.getPluginRepositories(), "pluginRepositories.pluginRepository",
-                                     request );
+            validateRawRepositories( problems, m.getPluginRepositories(), "pluginRepositories.pluginRepository.",
+                                     EMPTY, request );
 
             Build build = m.getBuild();
             if ( build != null )
             {
-                validate20RawPlugins( problems, build.getPlugins(), "build.plugins.plugin", request );
+                validate20RawPlugins( problems, build.getPlugins(), "build.plugins.plugin.", EMPTY, request );
 
                 PluginManagement mgmt = build.getPluginManagement();
                 if ( mgmt != null )
                 {
-                    validate20RawPlugins( problems, mgmt.getPlugins(), "build.pluginManagement.plugins.plugin",
-                                          request );
+                    validate20RawPlugins( problems, mgmt.getPlugins(), "build.pluginManagement.plugins.plugin.",
+                                          EMPTY, request );
                 }
             }
 
@@ -175,7 +179,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
             for ( Profile profile : m.getProfiles() )
             {
-                String prefix = "profiles.profile[" + profile.getId() + "]";
+                String prefix = "profiles.profile[" + profile.getId() + "].";
 
                 if ( !profileIds.add( profile.getId() ) )
                 {
@@ -184,32 +188,32 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
                 }
 
                 validate30RawProfileActivation( problems, profile.getActivation(), profile.getId(),
-                                                prefix + ".activation", request );
+                                                prefix, "activation", request );
 
-                validate20RawDependencies( problems, profile.getDependencies(), prefix + ".dependencies.dependency",
+                validate20RawDependencies( problems, profile.getDependencies(), prefix, "dependencies.dependency.",
                                            request );
 
                 if ( profile.getDependencyManagement() != null )
                 {
                     validate20RawDependencies( problems, profile.getDependencyManagement().getDependencies(),
-                                               prefix + ".dependencyManagement.dependencies.dependency", request );
+                                               prefix, "dependencyManagement.dependencies.dependency.", request );
                 }
 
-                validateRawRepositories( problems, profile.getRepositories(), prefix + ".repositories.repository",
+                validateRawRepositories( problems, profile.getRepositories(), prefix, "repositories.repository.",
                                          request );
 
                 validateRawRepositories( problems, profile.getPluginRepositories(),
-                                         prefix + ".pluginRepositories.pluginRepository", request );
+                                         prefix, "pluginRepositories.pluginRepository.", request );
 
                 BuildBase buildBase = profile.getBuild();
                 if ( buildBase != null )
                 {
-                    validate20RawPlugins( problems, buildBase.getPlugins(), prefix + ".plugins.plugin", request );
+                    validate20RawPlugins( problems, buildBase.getPlugins(), prefix, "plugins.plugin.", request );
 
                     PluginManagement mgmt = buildBase.getPluginManagement();
                     if ( mgmt != null )
                     {
-                        validate20RawPlugins( problems, mgmt.getPlugins(), prefix + ".pluginManagement.plugins.plugin",
+                        validate20RawPlugins( problems, mgmt.getPlugins(), prefix, "pluginManagement.plugins.plugin.",
                                               request );
                     }
                 }
@@ -218,7 +222,8 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
     }
 
     private void validate30RawProfileActivation( ModelProblemCollector problems, Activation activation,
-                                                 String sourceHint, String prefix, ModelBuildingRequest request )
+                                                 String sourceHint, String prefix, String fieldName,
+                                                 ModelBuildingRequest request )
     {
         if ( activation == null )
         {
@@ -250,7 +255,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             if ( path.contains( "${project.basedir}" ) )
             {
                 addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V30,
-                              prefix + ( missing ? ".file.missing" : ".file.exists" ), null,
+                              prefix + fieldName + ( missing ? ".file.missing" : ".file.exists" ), null,
                               "Failed to interpolate file location " + path + " for profile " + sourceHint
                                   + ": ${project.basedir} expression not supported during profile activation, "
                                   + "use ${basedir} instead",
@@ -259,7 +264,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             else if ( hasProjectExpression( path ) )
             {
                 addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V30,
-                              prefix + ( missing ? ".file.missing" : ".file.exists" ), null,
+                              prefix + fieldName + ( missing ? ".file.missing" : ".file.exists" ), null,
                               "Failed to interpolate file location " + path + " for profile " + sourceHint
                                   + ": ${project.*} expressions are not supported during profile activation",
                               file.getLocation( missing ? "missing" : "exists" ) );
@@ -268,7 +273,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
     }
 
     private void validate20RawPlugins( ModelProblemCollector problems, List<Plugin> plugins, String prefix,
-                                       ModelBuildingRequest request )
+                                       String prefix2, ModelBuildingRequest request )
     {
         Severity errOn31 = getSeverity( request, ModelBuildingRequest.VALIDATION_LEVEL_MAVEN_3_1 );
 
@@ -279,21 +284,21 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             if ( plugin.getGroupId() == null
                 || ( plugin.getGroupId() != null && plugin.getGroupId().trim().isEmpty() ) )
             {
-                addViolation( problems, Severity.FATAL, Version.V20, prefix + ".(groupId:artifactId)", null,
+                addViolation( problems, Severity.FATAL, Version.V20, prefix + prefix2 + "(groupId:artifactId)", null,
                               "groupId of a plugin must be defined. ", plugin );
             }
 
             if ( plugin.getArtifactId() == null
                 || ( plugin.getArtifactId() != null && plugin.getArtifactId().trim().isEmpty() ) )
             {
-                addViolation( problems, Severity.FATAL, Version.V20, prefix + ".(groupId:artifactId)", null,
+                addViolation( problems, Severity.FATAL, Version.V20, prefix + prefix2 + "(groupId:artifactId)", null,
                               "artifactId of a plugin must be defined. ", plugin );
             }
 
             // This will catch cases like <version></version> or <version/>
             if ( plugin.getVersion() != null && plugin.getVersion().trim().isEmpty() )
             {
-                addViolation( problems, Severity.FATAL, Version.V20, prefix + ".(groupId:artifactId)", null,
+                addViolation( problems, Severity.FATAL, Version.V20, prefix + prefix2 + "(groupId:artifactId)", null,
                               "version of a plugin must be defined. ", plugin );
             }
 
@@ -303,7 +308,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
             if ( existing != null )
             {
-                addViolation( problems, errOn31, Version.V20, prefix + ".(groupId:artifactId)", null,
+                addViolation( problems, errOn31, Version.V20, prefix + prefix2 + "(groupId:artifactId)", null,
                               "must be unique but found duplicate declaration of plugin " + key, plugin );
             }
             else
@@ -318,7 +323,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
                 if ( !executionIds.add( exec.getId() ) )
                 {
                     addViolation( problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.V20,
-                                  prefix + "[" + plugin.getKey() + "].executions.execution.id", null,
+                                  prefix + prefix2 + "[" + plugin.getKey() + "].executions.execution.id", null,
                                   "must be unique but found duplicate execution with id " + exec.getId(), exec );
                 }
             }
@@ -383,7 +388,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
             Severity errOn31 = getSeverity( request, ModelBuildingRequest.VALIDATION_LEVEL_MAVEN_3_1 );
 
-            validateBannedCharacters( "version", problems, errOn31, Version.V20, m.getVersion(), null, m,
+            validateBannedCharacters( EMPTY, "version", problems, errOn31, Version.V20, m.getVersion(), null, m,
                                       ILLEGAL_VERSION_CHARS );
             validate20ProperSnapshotVersion( "version", problems, errOn31, Version.V20, m.getVersion(), null, m );
 
@@ -401,18 +406,18 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
                     validate20PluginVersion( "build.plugins.plugin.version", problems, p.getVersion(), p.getKey(), p,
                                              request );
 
-                    validateBoolean( "build.plugins.plugin.inherited", problems, errOn30, Version.V20, p.getInherited(),
-                                     p.getKey(), p );
+                    validateBoolean( "build.plugins.plugin.inherited", EMPTY, problems, errOn30, Version.V20,
+                                     p.getInherited(), p.getKey(), p );
 
-                    validateBoolean( "build.plugins.plugin.extensions", problems, errOn30, Version.V20,
+                    validateBoolean( "build.plugins.plugin.extensions", EMPTY, problems, errOn30, Version.V20,
                                      p.getExtensions(), p.getKey(), p );
 
                     validate20EffectivePluginDependencies( problems, p, request );
                 }
 
-                validate20RawResources( problems, build.getResources(), "build.resources.resource", request );
+                validate20RawResources( problems, build.getResources(), "build.resources.resource.", request );
 
-                validate20RawResources( problems, build.getTestResources(), "build.testResources.testResource",
+                validate20RawResources( problems, build.getTestResources(), "build.testResources.testResource.",
                                         request );
             }
 
@@ -431,12 +436,12 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
             for ( Repository repository : m.getRepositories() )
             {
-                validate20EffectiveRepository( problems, repository, "repositories.repository", request );
+                validate20EffectiveRepository( problems, repository, "repositories.repository.", request );
             }
 
             for ( Repository repository : m.getPluginRepositories() )
             {
-                validate20EffectiveRepository( problems, repository, "pluginRepositories.pluginRepository", request );
+                validate20EffectiveRepository( problems, repository, "pluginRepositories.pluginRepository.", request );
             }
 
             DistributionManagement distMgmt = m.getDistributionManagement();
@@ -448,16 +453,16 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
                                   "must not be specified.", distMgmt );
                 }
 
-                validate20EffectiveRepository( problems, distMgmt.getRepository(), "distributionManagement.repository",
+                validate20EffectiveRepository( problems, distMgmt.getRepository(), "distributionManagement.repository.",
                                                request );
                 validate20EffectiveRepository( problems, distMgmt.getSnapshotRepository(),
-                                               "distributionManagement.snapshotRepository", request );
+                                               "distributionManagement.snapshotRepository.", request );
             }
         }
     }
 
     private void validate20RawDependencies( ModelProblemCollector problems, List<Dependency> dependencies,
-                                            String prefix, ModelBuildingRequest request )
+                                            String prefix, String prefix2, ModelBuildingRequest request )
     {
         Severity errOn30 = getSeverity( request, ModelBuildingRequest.VALIDATION_LEVEL_MAVEN_3_0 );
         Severity errOn31 = getSeverity( request, ModelBuildingRequest.VALIDATION_LEVEL_MAVEN_3_1 );
@@ -472,12 +477,12 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             {
                 if ( !"pom".equals( dependency.getType() ) )
                 {
-                    addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, prefix + ".type", key,
+                    addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, prefix + prefix2 + "type", key,
                                   "must be 'pom' to import the managed dependencies.", dependency );
                 }
                 else if ( StringUtils.isNotEmpty( dependency.getClassifier() ) )
                 {
-                    addViolation( problems, errOn30, Version.V20, prefix + ".classifier", key,
+                    addViolation( problems, errOn30, Version.V20, prefix + prefix2 + "classifier", key,
                                   "must be empty, imported POM cannot have a classifier.", dependency );
                 }
             }
@@ -486,7 +491,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
                 if ( request.getValidationLevel() >= ModelBuildingRequest.VALIDATION_LEVEL_MAVEN_3_1 )
                 {
-                    addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V31, prefix + ".scope", key,
+                    addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V31, prefix + prefix2 + "scope", key,
                                   "declares usage of deprecated 'system' scope ", dependency );
                 }
 
@@ -495,12 +500,12 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
                 {
                     if ( !hasExpression( sysPath ) )
                     {
-                        addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, prefix + ".systemPath", key,
+                        addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, prefix + prefix2 + "systemPath", key,
                                       "should use a variable instead of a hard-coded path " + sysPath, dependency );
                     }
                     else if ( sysPath.contains( "${basedir}" ) || sysPath.contains( "${project.basedir}" ) )
                     {
-                        addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, prefix + ".systemPath", key,
+                        addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, prefix + prefix2 + "systemPath", key,
                                       "should not point at files within the project directory, " + sysPath
                                           + " will be unresolvable by dependent projects",
                                       dependency );
@@ -510,7 +515,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
             if ( equals( "LATEST", dependency.getVersion() ) || equals( "RELEASE", dependency.getVersion() ) )
             {
-                addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.BASE, prefix + ".version", key,
+                addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.BASE, prefix + prefix2 + "version", key,
                               "is either LATEST or RELEASE (both of them are being deprecated)", dependency );
             }
 
@@ -530,8 +535,8 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
                         + StringUtils.defaultString( dependency.getVersion(), "(?)" );
                 }
 
-                addViolation( problems, errOn31, Version.V20, prefix + ".(groupId:artifactId:type:classifier)", null,
-                              "must be unique: " + key + " -> " + msg, dependency );
+                addViolation( problems, errOn31, Version.V20, prefix + prefix2 + "(groupId:artifactId:type:classifier)",
+                              null, "must be unique: " + key + " -> " + msg, dependency );
             }
             else
             {
@@ -552,15 +557,15 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
         for ( Dependency dependency : dependencies )
         {
             String key = dependency.getGroupId() + ":" + dependency.getArtifactId() + ":" + dependency.getVersion()
-                    + ( dependency.getClassifier() != null ? ":" + dependency.getClassifier() : ""  );
+                    + ( dependency.getClassifier() != null ? ":" + dependency.getClassifier() : EMPTY  );
             String mKey = m.getGroupId() + ":" + m.getArtifactId() + ":" + m.getVersion();
             if ( key.equals( mKey ) )
             {
                 // This means a module which is build has a dependency which has the same
                 // groupId, artifactId, version and classifier coordinates. This is in consequence
                 // a self reference or in other words a circular reference which can not being resolved.
-                addViolation( problems, Severity.FATAL, Version.V31, prefix + " " + key, key, "is referencing itself.",
-                              dependency );
+                addViolation( problems, Severity.FATAL, Version.V31, prefix + "[" + key + "]", key,
+                              "is referencing itself.", dependency );
 
             }
         }
@@ -579,26 +584,26 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
             if ( request.getValidationLevel() >= ModelBuildingRequest.VALIDATION_LEVEL_MAVEN_2_0 )
             {
-                validateBoolean( prefix + "optional", problems, errOn30, Version.V20, d.getOptional(),
+                validateBoolean( prefix, "optional", problems, errOn30, Version.V20, d.getOptional(),
                                  d.getManagementKey(), d );
 
                 if ( !management )
                 {
-                    validateVersion( prefix + "version", problems, errOn30, Version.V20, d.getVersion(),
+                    validateVersion( prefix, "version", problems, errOn30, Version.V20, d.getVersion(),
                                      d.getManagementKey(), d );
 
                     /*
                      * TODO Extensions like Flex Mojos use custom scopes like "merged", "internal", "external", etc. In
                      * order to don't break backward-compat with those, only warn but don't error out.
                      */
-                    validateEnum( prefix + "scope", problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, d.getScope(),
+                    validateEnum( prefix, "scope", problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, d.getScope(),
                                   d.getManagementKey(), d, "provided", "compile", "runtime", "test", "system" );
 
                     validateEffectiveModelAgainstDependency( prefix, problems, m, d, request );
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    validateEnum( prefix + "scope", problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, d.getScope(),
+                    validateEnum( prefix, "scope", problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, d.getScope(),
                                   d.getManagementKey(), d, "provided", "compile", "runtime", "test", "system",
                                   "import" );
                 }
@@ -610,14 +615,15 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
                                                           Dependency d, ModelBuildingRequest request )
     {
         String key = d.getGroupId() + ":" + d.getArtifactId() + ":" + d.getVersion()
-                + ( d.getClassifier() != null ? ":" + d.getClassifier() : ""  );
+                + ( d.getClassifier() != null ? ":" + d.getClassifier() : EMPTY  );
         String mKey = m.getGroupId() + ":" + m.getArtifactId() + ":" + m.getVersion();
         if ( key.equals( mKey ) )
         {
             // This means a module which is build has a dependency which has the same
             // groupId, artifactId, version and classifier coordinates. This is in consequence
             // a self reference or in other words a circular reference which can not being resolved.
-            addViolation( problems, Severity.FATAL, Version.V31, prefix + " " + key, key, "is referencing itself.", d );
+            addViolation( problems, Severity.FATAL, Version.V31, prefix + "[" + key + "]", key,
+                          "is referencing itself.", d );
 
         }
 
@@ -638,10 +644,10 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             {
                 validateEffectiveDependency( problems, d, false, prefix, request );
 
-                validateVersion( prefix + "version", problems, errOn30, Version.BASE, d.getVersion(),
+                validateVersion( prefix, "version", problems, errOn30, Version.BASE, d.getVersion(),
                                  d.getManagementKey(), d );
 
-                validateEnum( prefix + "scope", problems, errOn30, Version.BASE, d.getScope(), d.getManagementKey(), d,
+                validateEnum( prefix, "scope", problems, errOn30, Version.BASE, d.getScope(), d.getManagementKey(), d,
                               "compile", "runtime", "system" );
             }
         }
@@ -650,15 +656,15 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
     private void validateEffectiveDependency( ModelProblemCollector problems, Dependency d, boolean management,
                                               String prefix, ModelBuildingRequest request )
     {
-        validateId( prefix + "artifactId", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.BASE, d.getArtifactId(),
+        validateId( prefix, "artifactId", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.BASE, d.getArtifactId(),
                     d.getManagementKey(), d );
 
-        validateId( prefix + "groupId", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.BASE, d.getGroupId(), d.getManagementKey(),
-                    d );
+        validateId( prefix, "groupId", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.BASE, d.getGroupId(),
+                    d.getManagementKey(), d );
 
         if ( !management )
         {
-            validateStringNotEmpty( prefix + "type", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.BASE, d.getType(),
+            validateStringNotEmpty( prefix, "type", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.BASE, d.getType(),
                                     d.getManagementKey(), d );
 
             validateDependencyVersion( problems, d, prefix );
@@ -686,7 +692,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
                     String msg = "refers to a non-existing file " + sysFile.getAbsolutePath();
                     systemPath = systemPath.replace( '/', File.separatorChar ).replace( '\\', File.separatorChar );
                     String jdkHome =
-                        request.getSystemProperties().getProperty( "java.home", "" ) + File.separator + "..";
+                        request.getSystemProperties().getProperty( "java.home", EMPTY ) + File.separator + "..";
                     if ( systemPath.startsWith( jdkHome ) )
                     {
                         msg += ". Please verify that you run Maven using a JDK and not just a JRE.";
@@ -709,18 +715,18 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             {
                 if ( request.getValidationLevel() < ModelBuildingRequest.VALIDATION_LEVEL_MAVEN_3_0 )
                 {
-                    validateId( prefix + "exclusions.exclusion.groupId", problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20,
+                    validateId( prefix, "exclusions.exclusion.groupId", problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20,
                                 exclusion.getGroupId(), d.getManagementKey(), exclusion );
 
-                    validateId( prefix + "exclusions.exclusion.artifactId", problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20,
+                    validateId( prefix, "exclusions.exclusion.artifactId", problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20,
                                 exclusion.getArtifactId(), d.getManagementKey(), exclusion );
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    validateIdWithWildcards( prefix + "exclusions.exclusion.groupId", problems, Severity.WARNING,
+                    validateIdWithWildcards( prefix, "exclusions.exclusion.groupId", problems, Severity.WARNING,
                                              Version.V30, exclusion.getGroupId(), d.getManagementKey(), exclusion );
 
-                    validateIdWithWildcards( prefix + "exclusions.exclusion.artifactId", problems, Severity.WARNING,
+                    validateIdWithWildcards( prefix, "exclusions.exclusion.artifactId", problems, Severity.WARNING,
                                              Version.V30, exclusion.getArtifactId(), d.getManagementKey(), exclusion );
                 }
             }
@@ -732,22 +738,22 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
      */
     protected void validateDependencyVersion( ModelProblemCollector problems, Dependency d, String prefix )
     {
-        validateStringNotEmpty( prefix + "version", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.BASE, d.getVersion(),
+        validateStringNotEmpty( prefix, "version", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.BASE, d.getVersion(),
                                 d.getManagementKey(), d );
     }
 
     private void validateRawRepositories( ModelProblemCollector problems, List<Repository> repositories, String prefix,
-                                          ModelBuildingRequest request )
+                                          String prefix2, ModelBuildingRequest request )
     {
         Map<String, Repository> index = new HashMap<>();
 
         for ( Repository repository : repositories )
         {
-            validateStringNotEmpty( prefix + ".id", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.V20, repository.getId(),
-                                    repository );
+            validateStringNotEmpty( prefix, prefix2, "id", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.V20, repository.getId(),
+                                    null, repository );
 
-            validateStringNotEmpty( prefix + "[" + repository.getId() + "].url", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.V20,
-                                    repository.getUrl(), repository );
+            validateStringNotEmpty( prefix, prefix2, "[" + repository.getId() + "].url", problems, Severity.ERROR,
+                                    Version.V20, repository.getUrl(), null, repository );
 
             String key = repository.getId();
 
@@ -757,7 +763,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             {
                 Severity errOn30 = getSeverity( request, ModelBuildingRequest.VALIDATION_LEVEL_MAVEN_3_0 );
 
-                addViolation( problems, errOn30, Version.V20, prefix + ".id", null, "must be unique: "
+                addViolation( problems, errOn30, Version.V20, prefix + prefix2 + "id", null, "must be unique: "
                     + repository.getId() + " -> " + existing.getUrl() + " vs " + repository.getUrl(), repository );
             }
             else
@@ -774,12 +780,12 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
         {
             Severity errOn31 = getSeverity( request, ModelBuildingRequest.VALIDATION_LEVEL_MAVEN_3_1 );
 
-            validateBannedCharacters( prefix + ".id", problems, errOn31, Version.V20, repository.getId(), null,
+            validateBannedCharacters( prefix, "id", problems, errOn31, Version.V20, repository.getId(), null,
                                       repository, ILLEGAL_REPO_ID_CHARS );
 
             if ( "local".equals( repository.getId() ) )
             {
-                addViolation( problems, errOn31, Version.V20, prefix + ".id", null,
+                addViolation( problems, errOn31, Version.V20, prefix + "id", null,
                               "must not be 'local'" + ", this identifier is reserved for the local repository"
                                   + ", using it for other repositories will corrupt your repository metadata.",
                               repository );
@@ -787,7 +793,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
             if ( "legacy".equals( repository.getLayout() ) )
             {
-                addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, prefix + ".layout", repository.getId(),
+                addViolation( problems, Severity.WARNING, Version.V20, prefix + "layout", repository.getId(),
                               "uses the unsupported value 'legacy', artifact resolution might fail.", repository );
             }
         }
@@ -800,10 +806,10 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
         for ( Resource resource : resources )
         {
-            validateStringNotEmpty( prefix + ".directory", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.V20,
-                                    resource.getDirectory(), resource );
+            validateStringNotEmpty( prefix, "directory", problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.V20,
+                                    resource.getDirectory(), null, resource );
 
-            validateBoolean( prefix + ".filtering", problems, errOn30, Version.V20, resource.getFiltering(),
+            validateBoolean( prefix, "filtering", problems, errOn30, Version.V20, resource.getFiltering(),
                              resource.getDirectory(), resource );
         }
     }
@@ -815,13 +821,18 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
     private boolean validateId( String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, String id,
                                 InputLocationTracker tracker )
     {
-        return validateId( fieldName, problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.BASE, id, null, tracker );
+        return validateId( EMPTY, fieldName, problems, Severity.ERROR, Version.BASE, id, null, tracker );
     }
 
-    private boolean validateId( String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity, Version version,
-                                String id, String sourceHint, InputLocationTracker tracker )
+    @SuppressWarnings( "checkstyle:parameternumber" )
+    private boolean validateId( String prefix, String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
+                                Version version, String id, String sourceHint, InputLocationTracker tracker )
     {
-        if ( !validateStringNotEmpty( fieldName, problems, severity, version, id, sourceHint, tracker ) )
+        if ( validIds.contains( id ) )
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if ( !validateStringNotEmpty( prefix, fieldName, problems, severity, version, id, sourceHint, tracker ) )
         {
             return false;
         }
@@ -829,10 +840,11 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
         {
             if ( !isValidId( id ) )
             {
-                addViolation( problems, severity, version, fieldName, sourceHint,
+                addViolation( problems, severity, version, prefix + fieldName, sourceHint,
                               "with value '" + id + "' does not match a valid id pattern.", tracker );
                 return false;
             }
+            validIds.add( id );
             return true;
         }
     }
@@ -856,11 +868,12 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
         return c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' || c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' || c >= '0' && c <= '9' || c == '-' || c == '_' || c == '.';
     }
 
-    private boolean validateIdWithWildcards( String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
-                                             Version version, String id, String sourceHint,
+    @SuppressWarnings( "checkstyle:parameternumber" )
+    private boolean validateIdWithWildcards( String prefix, String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems,
+                                             Severity severity, Version version, String id, String sourceHint,
                                              InputLocationTracker tracker )
     {
-        if ( !validateStringNotEmpty( fieldName, problems, severity, version, id, sourceHint, tracker ) )
+        if ( !validateStringNotEmpty( prefix, fieldName, problems, severity, version, id, sourceHint, tracker ) )
         {
             return false;
         }
@@ -868,7 +881,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
         {
             if ( !isValidIdWithWildCards( id ) )
             {
-                addViolation( problems, severity, version, fieldName, sourceHint,
+                addViolation( problems, severity, version, prefix + fieldName, sourceHint,
                               "with value '" + id + "' does not match a valid id pattern.", tracker );
                 return false;
             }
@@ -951,7 +964,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
     private boolean validateStringNotEmpty( String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
                                             Version version, String string, InputLocationTracker tracker )
     {
-        return validateStringNotEmpty( fieldName, problems, severity, version, string, null, tracker );
+        return validateStringNotEmpty( EMPTY, fieldName, problems, severity, version, string, null, tracker );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -962,11 +975,40 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
      * <li><code>string.length > 0</code>
      * </ul>
      */
-    private boolean validateStringNotEmpty( String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
-                                            Version version, String string, String sourceHint,
+    @SuppressWarnings( "checkstyle:parameternumber" )
+    private boolean validateStringNotEmpty( String prefix, String prefix2, String fieldName,
+                                            ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity, Version version,
+                                            String string, String sourceHint, InputLocationTracker tracker )
+    {
+        if ( !validateNotNull( prefix, prefix2, fieldName, problems, severity, version, string, sourceHint, tracker ) )
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ( !string.isEmpty() )
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        addViolation( problems, severity, version, prefix + prefix2 + fieldName, sourceHint, "is missing.", tracker );
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts:
+     * <p/>
+     * <ul>
+     * <li><code>string != null</code>
+     * <li><code>string.length > 0</code>
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings( "checkstyle:parameternumber" )
+    private boolean validateStringNotEmpty( String prefix, String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems,
+                                            Severity severity, Version version, String string, String sourceHint,
                                             InputLocationTracker tracker )
     {
-        if ( !validateNotNull( fieldName, problems, severity, version, string, sourceHint, tracker ) )
+        if ( !validateNotNull( prefix, fieldName, problems, severity, version, string, sourceHint, tracker ) )
         {
             return false;
         }
@@ -976,7 +1018,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             return true;
         }
 
-        addViolation( problems, severity, version, fieldName, sourceHint, "is missing.", tracker );
+        addViolation( problems, severity, version, prefix + fieldName, sourceHint, "is missing.", tracker );
 
         return false;
     }
@@ -988,7 +1030,8 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
      * <li><code>string != null</code>
      * </ul>
      */
-    private boolean validateNotNull( String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
+    @SuppressWarnings( "checkstyle:parameternumber" )
+    private boolean validateNotNull( String prefix, String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
                                      Version version, Object object, String sourceHint, InputLocationTracker tracker )
     {
         if ( object != null )
@@ -996,12 +1039,35 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             return true;
         }
 
-        addViolation( problems, severity, version, fieldName, sourceHint, "is missing.", tracker );
+        addViolation( problems, severity, version, prefix + fieldName, sourceHint, "is missing.", tracker );
 
         return false;
     }
 
-    private boolean validateBoolean( String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
+    /**
+     * Asserts:
+     * <p/>
+     * <ul>
+     * <li><code>string != null</code>
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings( "checkstyle:parameternumber" )
+    private boolean validateNotNull( String prefix, String prefix2, String fieldName,
+                                     ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity, Version version,
+                                     Object object, String sourceHint, InputLocationTracker tracker )
+    {
+        if ( object != null )
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        addViolation( problems, severity, version, prefix + prefix2 + fieldName, sourceHint, "is missing.", tracker );
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings( "checkstyle:parameternumber" )
+    private boolean validateBoolean( String prefix, String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
                                      Version version, String string, String sourceHint, InputLocationTracker tracker )
     {
         if ( string == null || string.length() <= 0 )
@@ -1014,15 +1080,15 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             return true;
         }
 
-        addViolation( problems, severity, version, fieldName, sourceHint,
+        addViolation( problems, severity, version, prefix + fieldName, sourceHint,
                       "must be 'true' or 'false' but is '" + string + "'.", tracker );
 
         return false;
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings( "checkstyle:parameternumber" )
-    private boolean validateEnum( String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity, Version version,
-                                  String string, String sourceHint, InputLocationTracker tracker,
+    private boolean validateEnum( String prefix, String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
+                                  Version version, String string, String sourceHint, InputLocationTracker tracker,
                                   String... validValues )
     {
         if ( string == null || string.length() <= 0 )
@@ -1037,7 +1103,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             return true;
         }
 
-        addViolation( problems, severity, version, fieldName, sourceHint,
+        addViolation( problems, severity, version, prefix + fieldName, sourceHint,
                       "must be one of " + values + " but is '" + string + "'.", tracker );
 
         return false;
@@ -1121,8 +1187,8 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings( "checkstyle:parameternumber" )
-    private boolean validateBannedCharacters( String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
-                                              Version version, String string, String sourceHint,
+    private boolean validateBannedCharacters( String prefix, String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems,
+                                              Severity severity, Version version, String string, String sourceHint,
                                               InputLocationTracker tracker, String banned )
     {
         if ( string != null )
@@ -1131,7 +1197,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
             {
                 if ( banned.indexOf( string.charAt( i ) ) >= 0 )
                 {
-                    addViolation( problems, severity, version, fieldName, sourceHint,
+                    addViolation( problems, severity, version, prefix + fieldName, sourceHint,
                                   "must not contain any of these characters " + banned + " but found "
                                       + string.charAt( i ),
                                   tracker );
@@ -1143,7 +1209,8 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
         return true;
     }
 
-    private boolean validateVersion( String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
+    @SuppressWarnings( "checkstyle:parameternumber" )
+    private boolean validateVersion( String prefix, String fieldName, ModelProblemCollector problems, Severity severity,
                                      Version version, String string, String sourceHint, InputLocationTracker tracker )
     {
         if ( string == null || string.length() <= 0 )
@@ -1153,12 +1220,12 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
         if ( hasExpression( string ) )
         {
-            addViolation( problems, severity, version, fieldName, sourceHint,
+            addViolation( problems, severity, version, prefix + fieldName, sourceHint,
                           "must be a valid version but is '" + string + "'.", tracker );
             return false;
         }
 
-        return validateBannedCharacters( fieldName, problems, severity, version, string, sourceHint, tracker,
+        return validateBannedCharacters( prefix, fieldName, problems, severity, version, string, sourceHint, tracker,
                                          ILLEGAL_VERSION_CHARS );
 
     }
@@ -1194,7 +1261,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
         Severity errOn30 = getSeverity( request, ModelBuildingRequest.VALIDATION_LEVEL_MAVEN_3_0 );
 
-        if ( !validateVersion( fieldName, problems, errOn30, Version.V20, string, sourceHint, tracker ) )
+        if ( !validateVersion( EMPTY, fieldName, problems, errOn30, Version.V20, string, sourceHint, tracker ) )
         {
             return false;
         }
@@ -1264,7 +1331,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidator
 
             if ( location == null )
             {
-                location = tracker.getLocation( "" );
+                location = tracker.getLocation( EMPTY );
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/maven-model-builder/src/test/java/org/apache/maven/model/validation/DefaultModelValidatorTest.java b/maven-model-builder/src/test/java/org/apache/maven/model/validation/DefaultModelValidatorTest.java
index 99ddd30..3e07c57 100644
--- a/maven-model-builder/src/test/java/org/apache/maven/model/validation/DefaultModelValidatorTest.java
+++ b/maven-model-builder/src/test/java/org/apache/maven/model/validation/DefaultModelValidatorTest.java
@@ -295,11 +295,11 @@ public class DefaultModelValidatorTest
 
         assertEquals( "'repositories.repository.id' is missing.", result.getErrors().get( 0 ) );
 
-        assertEquals( "'repositories.repository[null].url' is missing.", result.getErrors().get( 1 ) );
+        assertEquals( "'repositories.repository.[null].url' is missing.", result.getErrors().get( 1 ) );
 
         assertEquals( "'pluginRepositories.pluginRepository.id' is missing.", result.getErrors().get( 2 ) );
 
-        assertEquals( "'pluginRepositories.pluginRepository[null].url' is missing.", result.getErrors().get( 3 ) );
+        assertEquals( "'pluginRepositories.pluginRepository.[null].url' is missing.", result.getErrors().get( 3 ) );
     }
 
     public void testMissingResourceDirectory()
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ public class DefaultModelValidatorTest
 
         assertViolations( result, 1, 0, 0 );
 
-        assertEquals( "'dependencies.dependency com.example.group:testinvalidpom:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT' for com.example.group:testinvalidpom:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT is referencing itself.",
+        assertEquals( "'dependencies.dependency[com.example.group:testinvalidpom:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT]' for com.example.group:testinvalidpom:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT is referencing itself.",
                       result.getFatals().get( 0 ) );
 
     }