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Posted to jira@kafka.apache.org by "ijuma (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org> on 2023/02/02 13:53:40 UTC

[GitHub] [kafka] ijuma commented on a diff in pull request #13046: KAFKA-14551 Move/Rewrite LeaderEpochFileCache and its dependencies to the storage module.

ijuma commented on code in PR #13046:
URL: https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/13046#discussion_r1080718765


##########
storage/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/log/internals/LeaderEpochFileCache.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.LogContext;
+import org.apache.kafka.storage.internals.checkpoint.LeaderEpochCheckpoint;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.OptionalInt;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH;
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a cache of (LeaderEpoch => Offset) mappings for a particular replica.
+ * <p>
+ * Leader Epoch = epoch assigned to each leader by the controller.
+ * Offset = offset of the first message in each epoch.
+ */
+public class LeaderEpochFileCache {
+    private final LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint;
+    private final Logger log;
+
+    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
+    private final TreeMap<Integer, EpochEntry> epochs = new TreeMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * @param topicPartition the associated topic partition
+     * @param checkpoint     the checkpoint file
+     */
+    public LeaderEpochFileCache(TopicPartition topicPartition, LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint) {
+        this.checkpoint = checkpoint;
+        LogContext logContext = new LogContext("[LeaderEpochCache " + topicPartition + "] ");
+        log = logContext.logger(LeaderEpochFileCache.class);
+        checkpoint.read().forEach(this::assign);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns the supplied Leader Epoch to the supplied Offset
+     * Once the epoch is assigned it cannot be reassigned
+     */
+    public void assign(int epoch, long startOffset) {
+        EpochEntry entry = new EpochEntry(epoch, startOffset);
+        if (assign(entry)) {
+            log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void assign(List<EpochEntry> entries) {
+        entries.forEach(entry -> {
+            if (assign(entry)) {
+                log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            }
+        });
+        flush();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isUpdateNeeded(EpochEntry entry) {
+        Optional<EpochEntry> lastEntry = latestEntry();
+        return lastEntry.map(epochEntry -> entry.epoch != epochEntry.epoch || entry.startOffset < epochEntry.startOffset).orElse(true);
+    }
+
+    private boolean assign(EpochEntry entry) {
+        if (entry.epoch < 0 || entry.startOffset < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Received invalid partition leader epoch entry " + entry);
+        }
+
+        // Check whether the append is needed before acquiring the write lock
+        // in order to avoid contention with readers in the common case
+        if (!isUpdateNeeded(entry)) return false;
+
+        lock.writeLock().lock();
+        try {
+            if (isUpdateNeeded(entry)) {
+                maybeTruncateNonMonotonicEntries(entry);
+                epochs.put(entry.epoch, entry);
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.writeLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove any entries which violate monotonicity prior to appending a new entry
+     */
+    public void maybeTruncateNonMonotonicEntries(EpochEntry newEntry) {
+        List<EpochEntry> removedEpochs = removeFromEnd(entry -> entry.epoch >= newEntry.epoch || entry.startOffset >= newEntry.startOffset);
+
+
+        if (removedEpochs.size() > 1 || (!removedEpochs.isEmpty() && removedEpochs.get(0).startOffset != newEntry.startOffset)) {
+
+            // Only log a warning if there were non-trivial removals. If the start offset of the new entry
+            // matches the start offset of the removed epoch, then no data has been written and the truncation
+            // is expected.
+            log.warn("New epoch entry {} caused truncation of conflicting entries {}. " + "Cache now contains {} entries.", newEntry, removedEpochs, epochs.size());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeFromEnd(Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        return removeWhileMatching(epochs.descendingMap().entrySet().iterator(), predicate);
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeFromStart(Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        return removeWhileMatching(epochs.entrySet().iterator(), predicate);
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeWhileMatching(Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, EpochEntry>> iterator, Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        ArrayList<EpochEntry> removedEpochs = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            EpochEntry entry = iterator.next().getValue();
+            if (predicate.test(entry)) {
+                removedEpochs.add(entry);
+                iterator.remove();
+            } else {
+                return removedEpochs;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return removedEpochs;
+    }
+
+    public boolean nonEmpty() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return !epochs.isEmpty();
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Optional<EpochEntry> latestEntry() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return Optional.ofNullable(epochs.lastEntry()).map(Map.Entry::getValue);
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current Leader Epoch if one exists. This is the latest epoch
+     * which has messages assigned to it.
+     */
+    public Optional<Integer> latestEpoch() {

Review Comment:
   Should this and `previousEpoch` be `OptionalInt`?



##########
core/src/main/scala/kafka/server/checkpoints/OffsetCheckpointFile.scala:
##########
@@ -65,9 +65,14 @@ class OffsetCheckpointFile(val file: File, logDirFailureChannel: LogDirFailureCh
   val checkpoint = new CheckpointFileWithFailureHandler[(TopicPartition, Long)](file, OffsetCheckpointFile.CurrentVersion,
     OffsetCheckpointFile.Formatter, logDirFailureChannel, file.getParent)
 
-  def write(offsets: Map[TopicPartition, Long]): Unit = checkpoint.write(offsets)
+  def write(offsets: Map[TopicPartition, Long]): Unit = checkpoint.write(offsets.toSeq.asJava)
 
-  def read(): Map[TopicPartition, Long] = checkpoint.read().toMap
+  def read(): Map[TopicPartition, Long] = {
+    val list = checkpoint.read()
+    val result = mutable.Map.empty[TopicPartition, Long]
+    list.forEach { case (tp, offset) => result += tp -> offset }
+    result.toMap

Review Comment:
   Can we avoid the conversion to an immutable map here? The additional copy doesn't buy us anything.



##########
storage/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/storage/internals/checkpoint/LeaderEpochCheckpointFile.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.storage.internals.checkpoint;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.server.common.CheckpointFile.EntryFormatter;
+import org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals.CheckpointFileWithFailureHandler;
+import org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals.EpochEntry;
+import org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals.LogDirFailureChannel;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * This class persists a map of (LeaderEpoch => Offsets) to a file (for a certain replica)
+ * <p>
+ * The format in the LeaderEpoch checkpoint file is like this:
+ * -----checkpoint file begin------
+ * 0                <- LeaderEpochCheckpointFile.currentVersion
+ * 2                <- following entries size
+ * 0  1     <- the format is: leader_epoch(int32) start_offset(int64)
+ * 1  2
+ * -----checkpoint file end----------
+ */
+public class LeaderEpochCheckpointFile implements LeaderEpochCheckpoint {
+
+    public static final Formatter FORMATTER = new Formatter();
+
+    private static final String LEADER_EPOCH_CHECKPOINT_FILENAME = "leader-epoch-checkpoint";
+    private static final Pattern WHITE_SPACES_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\s+");
+    private static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 0;
+
+    private final CheckpointFileWithFailureHandler<EpochEntry> checkpoint;
+
+    public LeaderEpochCheckpointFile(File file, LogDirFailureChannel logDirFailureChannel) throws IOException {
+        checkpoint = new CheckpointFileWithFailureHandler<>(file, CURRENT_VERSION, FORMATTER, logDirFailureChannel, file.getParentFile().getParent());
+    }
+
+    public LeaderEpochCheckpointFile(File file) throws IOException {
+        this(file, null);
+    }
+
+    public void write(Collection<EpochEntry> epochs) {
+        checkpoint.write(epochs);
+    }
+
+    public List<EpochEntry> read() {
+        return checkpoint.read();
+    }
+
+    public static File newFile(File dir) {
+        return new File(dir, LEADER_EPOCH_CHECKPOINT_FILENAME);
+    }
+
+    public static class Formatter implements EntryFormatter<EpochEntry> {

Review Comment:
   Does this need to be public?



##########
core/src/main/scala/kafka/log/LogSegment.scala:
##########
@@ -249,9 +248,10 @@ class LogSegment private[log] (val log: FileRecords,
     if (batch.hasProducerId) {
       val producerId = batch.producerId
       val appendInfo = producerStateManager.prepareUpdate(producerId, origin = AppendOrigin.REPLICATION)
-      val maybeCompletedTxn = appendInfo.append(batch, Optional.empty()).asScala
+      val maybeCompletedTxn = appendInfo.append(batch, Optional.empty())
       producerStateManager.update(appendInfo)
-      maybeCompletedTxn.foreach { completedTxn =>
+      if (maybeCompletedTxn.isPresent) {

Review Comment:
   Nit: `ifPresent` is the equivalent to `foreach`.



##########
storage/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/log/internals/LeaderEpochFileCache.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.LogContext;
+import org.apache.kafka.storage.internals.checkpoint.LeaderEpochCheckpoint;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.OptionalInt;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH;
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a cache of (LeaderEpoch => Offset) mappings for a particular replica.
+ * <p>
+ * Leader Epoch = epoch assigned to each leader by the controller.
+ * Offset = offset of the first message in each epoch.
+ */
+public class LeaderEpochFileCache {
+    private final LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint;
+    private final Logger log;
+
+    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
+    private final TreeMap<Integer, EpochEntry> epochs = new TreeMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * @param topicPartition the associated topic partition
+     * @param checkpoint     the checkpoint file
+     */
+    public LeaderEpochFileCache(TopicPartition topicPartition, LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint) {
+        this.checkpoint = checkpoint;
+        LogContext logContext = new LogContext("[LeaderEpochCache " + topicPartition + "] ");
+        log = logContext.logger(LeaderEpochFileCache.class);
+        checkpoint.read().forEach(this::assign);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns the supplied Leader Epoch to the supplied Offset
+     * Once the epoch is assigned it cannot be reassigned
+     */
+    public void assign(int epoch, long startOffset) {
+        EpochEntry entry = new EpochEntry(epoch, startOffset);
+        if (assign(entry)) {
+            log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void assign(List<EpochEntry> entries) {
+        entries.forEach(entry -> {
+            if (assign(entry)) {
+                log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            }
+        });
+        flush();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isUpdateNeeded(EpochEntry entry) {
+        Optional<EpochEntry> lastEntry = latestEntry();
+        return lastEntry.map(epochEntry -> entry.epoch != epochEntry.epoch || entry.startOffset < epochEntry.startOffset).orElse(true);
+    }
+
+    private boolean assign(EpochEntry entry) {
+        if (entry.epoch < 0 || entry.startOffset < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Received invalid partition leader epoch entry " + entry);
+        }
+
+        // Check whether the append is needed before acquiring the write lock
+        // in order to avoid contention with readers in the common case
+        if (!isUpdateNeeded(entry)) return false;
+
+        lock.writeLock().lock();
+        try {
+            if (isUpdateNeeded(entry)) {
+                maybeTruncateNonMonotonicEntries(entry);
+                epochs.put(entry.epoch, entry);
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.writeLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove any entries which violate monotonicity prior to appending a new entry
+     */
+    public void maybeTruncateNonMonotonicEntries(EpochEntry newEntry) {

Review Comment:
   This was private before, why is it now public?



##########
core/src/main/scala/kafka/server/checkpoints/OffsetCheckpointFile.scala:
##########
@@ -65,9 +65,14 @@ class OffsetCheckpointFile(val file: File, logDirFailureChannel: LogDirFailureCh
   val checkpoint = new CheckpointFileWithFailureHandler[(TopicPartition, Long)](file, OffsetCheckpointFile.CurrentVersion,
     OffsetCheckpointFile.Formatter, logDirFailureChannel, file.getParent)
 
-  def write(offsets: Map[TopicPartition, Long]): Unit = checkpoint.write(offsets)
+  def write(offsets: Map[TopicPartition, Long]): Unit = checkpoint.write(offsets.toSeq.asJava)

Review Comment:
   Is this `toSeq` call still required?



##########
core/src/main/scala/kafka/server/checkpoints/OffsetCheckpointFile.scala:
##########
@@ -65,9 +65,14 @@ class OffsetCheckpointFile(val file: File, logDirFailureChannel: LogDirFailureCh
   val checkpoint = new CheckpointFileWithFailureHandler[(TopicPartition, Long)](file, OffsetCheckpointFile.CurrentVersion,
     OffsetCheckpointFile.Formatter, logDirFailureChannel, file.getParent)
 
-  def write(offsets: Map[TopicPartition, Long]): Unit = checkpoint.write(offsets)
+  def write(offsets: Map[TopicPartition, Long]): Unit = checkpoint.write(offsets.toSeq.asJava)
 
-  def read(): Map[TopicPartition, Long] = checkpoint.read().toMap
+  def read(): Map[TopicPartition, Long] = {
+    val list = checkpoint.read()
+    val result = mutable.Map.empty[TopicPartition, Long]

Review Comment:
   We should size the map appropriately.



##########
core/src/main/scala/kafka/server/checkpoints/OffsetCheckpointFile.scala:
##########
@@ -65,9 +65,14 @@ class OffsetCheckpointFile(val file: File, logDirFailureChannel: LogDirFailureCh
   val checkpoint = new CheckpointFileWithFailureHandler[(TopicPartition, Long)](file, OffsetCheckpointFile.CurrentVersion,
     OffsetCheckpointFile.Formatter, logDirFailureChannel, file.getParent)
 
-  def write(offsets: Map[TopicPartition, Long]): Unit = checkpoint.write(offsets)
+  def write(offsets: Map[TopicPartition, Long]): Unit = checkpoint.write(offsets.toSeq.asJava)
 
-  def read(): Map[TopicPartition, Long] = checkpoint.read().toMap
+  def read(): Map[TopicPartition, Long] = {
+    val list = checkpoint.read()
+    val result = mutable.Map.empty[TopicPartition, Long]
+    list.forEach { case (tp, offset) => result += tp -> offset }

Review Comment:
   You can avoid the tuple creation by using something like:
   
   `result(tp) = offset`



##########
storage/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/log/internals/CheckpointFileWithFailureHandler.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals;

Review Comment:
   Why is this not in the checkpoint package?



##########
storage/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/log/internals/EpochEntry.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals;

Review Comment:
   This was previously under the `epoch` package. Should we do the same, i.e. `storage.internals.epoch`? Same for `LeaderEpochFileCache`.



##########
storage/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/log/internals/LeaderEpochFileCache.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.LogContext;
+import org.apache.kafka.storage.internals.checkpoint.LeaderEpochCheckpoint;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.OptionalInt;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH;
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a cache of (LeaderEpoch => Offset) mappings for a particular replica.
+ * <p>
+ * Leader Epoch = epoch assigned to each leader by the controller.
+ * Offset = offset of the first message in each epoch.
+ */
+public class LeaderEpochFileCache {
+    private final LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint;
+    private final Logger log;
+
+    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
+    private final TreeMap<Integer, EpochEntry> epochs = new TreeMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * @param topicPartition the associated topic partition
+     * @param checkpoint     the checkpoint file
+     */
+    public LeaderEpochFileCache(TopicPartition topicPartition, LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint) {
+        this.checkpoint = checkpoint;
+        LogContext logContext = new LogContext("[LeaderEpochCache " + topicPartition + "] ");
+        log = logContext.logger(LeaderEpochFileCache.class);
+        checkpoint.read().forEach(this::assign);

Review Comment:
   The original code did this under a write lock. Did we establish that it wasn't required?



##########
storage/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/log/internals/LeaderEpochFileCache.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.LogContext;
+import org.apache.kafka.storage.internals.checkpoint.LeaderEpochCheckpoint;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.OptionalInt;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH;
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a cache of (LeaderEpoch => Offset) mappings for a particular replica.
+ * <p>
+ * Leader Epoch = epoch assigned to each leader by the controller.
+ * Offset = offset of the first message in each epoch.
+ */
+public class LeaderEpochFileCache {
+    private final LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint;
+    private final Logger log;
+
+    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
+    private final TreeMap<Integer, EpochEntry> epochs = new TreeMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * @param topicPartition the associated topic partition
+     * @param checkpoint     the checkpoint file
+     */
+    public LeaderEpochFileCache(TopicPartition topicPartition, LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint) {
+        this.checkpoint = checkpoint;
+        LogContext logContext = new LogContext("[LeaderEpochCache " + topicPartition + "] ");
+        log = logContext.logger(LeaderEpochFileCache.class);
+        checkpoint.read().forEach(this::assign);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns the supplied Leader Epoch to the supplied Offset
+     * Once the epoch is assigned it cannot be reassigned
+     */
+    public void assign(int epoch, long startOffset) {
+        EpochEntry entry = new EpochEntry(epoch, startOffset);
+        if (assign(entry)) {
+            log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void assign(List<EpochEntry> entries) {
+        entries.forEach(entry -> {
+            if (assign(entry)) {
+                log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            }
+        });
+        flush();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isUpdateNeeded(EpochEntry entry) {
+        Optional<EpochEntry> lastEntry = latestEntry();

Review Comment:
   Nit: can this be inlined?



##########
storage/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/log/internals/LeaderEpochFileCache.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.LogContext;
+import org.apache.kafka.storage.internals.checkpoint.LeaderEpochCheckpoint;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.OptionalInt;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH;
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a cache of (LeaderEpoch => Offset) mappings for a particular replica.
+ * <p>
+ * Leader Epoch = epoch assigned to each leader by the controller.
+ * Offset = offset of the first message in each epoch.
+ */
+public class LeaderEpochFileCache {
+    private final LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint;
+    private final Logger log;
+
+    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
+    private final TreeMap<Integer, EpochEntry> epochs = new TreeMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * @param topicPartition the associated topic partition
+     * @param checkpoint     the checkpoint file
+     */
+    public LeaderEpochFileCache(TopicPartition topicPartition, LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint) {
+        this.checkpoint = checkpoint;
+        LogContext logContext = new LogContext("[LeaderEpochCache " + topicPartition + "] ");
+        log = logContext.logger(LeaderEpochFileCache.class);
+        checkpoint.read().forEach(this::assign);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns the supplied Leader Epoch to the supplied Offset
+     * Once the epoch is assigned it cannot be reassigned
+     */
+    public void assign(int epoch, long startOffset) {
+        EpochEntry entry = new EpochEntry(epoch, startOffset);
+        if (assign(entry)) {
+            log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void assign(List<EpochEntry> entries) {
+        entries.forEach(entry -> {
+            if (assign(entry)) {
+                log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            }
+        });
+        flush();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isUpdateNeeded(EpochEntry entry) {
+        Optional<EpochEntry> lastEntry = latestEntry();
+        return lastEntry.map(epochEntry -> entry.epoch != epochEntry.epoch || entry.startOffset < epochEntry.startOffset).orElse(true);
+    }
+
+    private boolean assign(EpochEntry entry) {
+        if (entry.epoch < 0 || entry.startOffset < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Received invalid partition leader epoch entry " + entry);
+        }
+
+        // Check whether the append is needed before acquiring the write lock
+        // in order to avoid contention with readers in the common case
+        if (!isUpdateNeeded(entry)) return false;
+
+        lock.writeLock().lock();
+        try {
+            if (isUpdateNeeded(entry)) {
+                maybeTruncateNonMonotonicEntries(entry);
+                epochs.put(entry.epoch, entry);
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.writeLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove any entries which violate monotonicity prior to appending a new entry
+     */
+    public void maybeTruncateNonMonotonicEntries(EpochEntry newEntry) {
+        List<EpochEntry> removedEpochs = removeFromEnd(entry -> entry.epoch >= newEntry.epoch || entry.startOffset >= newEntry.startOffset);
+
+
+        if (removedEpochs.size() > 1 || (!removedEpochs.isEmpty() && removedEpochs.get(0).startOffset != newEntry.startOffset)) {
+
+            // Only log a warning if there were non-trivial removals. If the start offset of the new entry
+            // matches the start offset of the removed epoch, then no data has been written and the truncation
+            // is expected.
+            log.warn("New epoch entry {} caused truncation of conflicting entries {}. " + "Cache now contains {} entries.", newEntry, removedEpochs, epochs.size());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeFromEnd(Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        return removeWhileMatching(epochs.descendingMap().entrySet().iterator(), predicate);
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeFromStart(Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        return removeWhileMatching(epochs.entrySet().iterator(), predicate);
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeWhileMatching(Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, EpochEntry>> iterator, Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        ArrayList<EpochEntry> removedEpochs = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            EpochEntry entry = iterator.next().getValue();
+            if (predicate.test(entry)) {
+                removedEpochs.add(entry);
+                iterator.remove();
+            } else {
+                return removedEpochs;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return removedEpochs;
+    }
+
+    public boolean nonEmpty() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return !epochs.isEmpty();
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Optional<EpochEntry> latestEntry() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return Optional.ofNullable(epochs.lastEntry()).map(Map.Entry::getValue);
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current Leader Epoch if one exists. This is the latest epoch
+     * which has messages assigned to it.
+     */
+    public Optional<Integer> latestEpoch() {
+        return latestEntry().map(x -> x.epoch);
+    }
+
+    public Optional<Integer> previousEpoch() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return latestEntry().flatMap(entry -> Optional.ofNullable(epochs.lowerEntry(entry.epoch))).map(Map.Entry::getKey);
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the earliest cached entry if one exists.
+     */
+    public Optional<EpochEntry> earliestEntry() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return Optional.ofNullable(epochs.firstEntry()).map(x -> x.getValue());
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public OptionalInt previousEpoch(int epoch) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return toOptionalInt(epochs.lowerKey(epoch));
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public OptionalInt nextEpoch(int epoch) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return toOptionalInt(epochs.higherKey(epoch));
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static OptionalInt toOptionalInt(Integer value) {
+        return (value != null) ? OptionalInt.of(value) : OptionalInt.empty();
+    }
+
+    public Optional<EpochEntry> epochEntry(int epoch) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return Optional.ofNullable(epochs.get(epoch));
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Leader Epoch and the End Offset for a requested Leader Epoch.
+     * <p>
+     * The Leader Epoch returned is the largest epoch less than or equal to the requested Leader
+     * Epoch. The End Offset is the end offset of this epoch, which is defined as the start offset
+     * of the first Leader Epoch larger than the Leader Epoch requested, or else the Log End
+     * Offset if the latest epoch was requested.
+     * <p>
+     * During the upgrade phase, where there are existing messages may not have a leader epoch,
+     * if requestedEpoch is < the first epoch cached, UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET will be returned
+     * so that the follower falls back to High Water Mark.
+     *
+     * @param requestedEpoch requested leader epoch
+     * @param logEndOffset   the existing Log End Offset
+     * @return found leader epoch and end offset
+     */
+    public Map.Entry<Integer, Long> endOffsetFor(int requestedEpoch, long logEndOffset) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            Map.Entry<Integer, Long> epochAndOffset = null;
+            if (requestedEpoch == UNDEFINED_EPOCH) {
+                // This may happen if a bootstrapping follower sends a request with undefined epoch or
+                // a follower is on the older message format where leader epochs are not recorded
+                epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(UNDEFINED_EPOCH, UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET);
+            } else if (latestEpoch().isPresent() && latestEpoch().get() == requestedEpoch) {
+                // For the leader, the latest epoch is always the current leader epoch that is still being written to.
+                // Followers should not have any reason to query for the end offset of the current epoch, but a consumer
+                // might if it is verifying its committed offset following a group rebalance. In this case, we return
+                // the current log end offset which makes the truncation check work as expected.
+                epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(requestedEpoch, logEndOffset);
+            } else {
+                Map.Entry<Integer, EpochEntry> higherEntry = epochs.higherEntry(requestedEpoch);
+                if (higherEntry == null) {
+                    // The requested epoch is larger than any known epoch. This case should never be hit because
+                    // the latest cached epoch is always the largest.
+                    epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(UNDEFINED_EPOCH, UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET);
+                } else {
+                    Map.Entry<Integer, EpochEntry> floorEntry = epochs.floorEntry(requestedEpoch);
+                    if (floorEntry == null) {
+                        // The requested epoch is smaller than any known epoch, so we return the start offset of the first
+                        // known epoch which is larger than it. This may be inaccurate as there could have been
+                        // epochs in between, but the point is that the data has already been removed from the log
+                        // and we want to ensure that the follower can replicate correctly beginning from the leader's
+                        // start offset.
+                        epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(requestedEpoch, higherEntry.getValue().startOffset);
+                    } else {
+                        // We have at least one previous epoch and one subsequent epoch. The result is the first
+                        // prior epoch and the starting offset of the first subsequent epoch.
+                        epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(floorEntry.getValue().epoch, higherEntry.getValue().startOffset);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            log.trace("Processed end offset request for epoch {} and returning epoch {} " + "with end offset {} from epoch cache of size {}}", requestedEpoch, epochAndOffset.getKey(), epochAndOffset.getValue(), epochs.size());
+            return epochAndOffset;
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all epoch entries from the store with start offsets greater than or equal to the passed offset.
+     */
+    public void truncateFromEnd(long endOffset) {
+        lock.writeLock().lock();
+        try {
+            Optional<EpochEntry> epochEntry = latestEntry();
+            if (endOffset >= 0 && epochEntry.isPresent() && epochEntry.get().startOffset >= endOffset) {
+                List<EpochEntry> removedEntries = removeFromEnd(x -> x.startOffset >= endOffset);
+
+                flush();
+
+                log.debug("Cleared entries {} from epoch cache after " + "truncating to end offset {}, leaving {} entries in the cache.", removedEntries, endOffset, epochs.size());

Review Comment:
   No need for string concat here.



##########
storage/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/log/internals/LeaderEpochFileCache.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.LogContext;
+import org.apache.kafka.storage.internals.checkpoint.LeaderEpochCheckpoint;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.OptionalInt;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH;
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a cache of (LeaderEpoch => Offset) mappings for a particular replica.
+ * <p>
+ * Leader Epoch = epoch assigned to each leader by the controller.
+ * Offset = offset of the first message in each epoch.
+ */
+public class LeaderEpochFileCache {
+    private final LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint;
+    private final Logger log;
+
+    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
+    private final TreeMap<Integer, EpochEntry> epochs = new TreeMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * @param topicPartition the associated topic partition
+     * @param checkpoint     the checkpoint file
+     */
+    public LeaderEpochFileCache(TopicPartition topicPartition, LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint) {
+        this.checkpoint = checkpoint;
+        LogContext logContext = new LogContext("[LeaderEpochCache " + topicPartition + "] ");
+        log = logContext.logger(LeaderEpochFileCache.class);
+        checkpoint.read().forEach(this::assign);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns the supplied Leader Epoch to the supplied Offset
+     * Once the epoch is assigned it cannot be reassigned
+     */
+    public void assign(int epoch, long startOffset) {
+        EpochEntry entry = new EpochEntry(epoch, startOffset);
+        if (assign(entry)) {
+            log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void assign(List<EpochEntry> entries) {
+        entries.forEach(entry -> {
+            if (assign(entry)) {
+                log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            }
+        });
+        flush();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isUpdateNeeded(EpochEntry entry) {
+        Optional<EpochEntry> lastEntry = latestEntry();
+        return lastEntry.map(epochEntry -> entry.epoch != epochEntry.epoch || entry.startOffset < epochEntry.startOffset).orElse(true);
+    }
+
+    private boolean assign(EpochEntry entry) {
+        if (entry.epoch < 0 || entry.startOffset < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Received invalid partition leader epoch entry " + entry);
+        }
+
+        // Check whether the append is needed before acquiring the write lock
+        // in order to avoid contention with readers in the common case
+        if (!isUpdateNeeded(entry)) return false;
+
+        lock.writeLock().lock();
+        try {
+            if (isUpdateNeeded(entry)) {
+                maybeTruncateNonMonotonicEntries(entry);
+                epochs.put(entry.epoch, entry);
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.writeLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove any entries which violate monotonicity prior to appending a new entry
+     */
+    public void maybeTruncateNonMonotonicEntries(EpochEntry newEntry) {
+        List<EpochEntry> removedEpochs = removeFromEnd(entry -> entry.epoch >= newEntry.epoch || entry.startOffset >= newEntry.startOffset);
+
+
+        if (removedEpochs.size() > 1 || (!removedEpochs.isEmpty() && removedEpochs.get(0).startOffset != newEntry.startOffset)) {
+
+            // Only log a warning if there were non-trivial removals. If the start offset of the new entry
+            // matches the start offset of the removed epoch, then no data has been written and the truncation
+            // is expected.
+            log.warn("New epoch entry {} caused truncation of conflicting entries {}. " + "Cache now contains {} entries.", newEntry, removedEpochs, epochs.size());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeFromEnd(Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        return removeWhileMatching(epochs.descendingMap().entrySet().iterator(), predicate);
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeFromStart(Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        return removeWhileMatching(epochs.entrySet().iterator(), predicate);
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeWhileMatching(Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, EpochEntry>> iterator, Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        ArrayList<EpochEntry> removedEpochs = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            EpochEntry entry = iterator.next().getValue();
+            if (predicate.test(entry)) {
+                removedEpochs.add(entry);
+                iterator.remove();
+            } else {
+                return removedEpochs;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return removedEpochs;
+    }
+
+    public boolean nonEmpty() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return !epochs.isEmpty();
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Optional<EpochEntry> latestEntry() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return Optional.ofNullable(epochs.lastEntry()).map(Map.Entry::getValue);
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current Leader Epoch if one exists. This is the latest epoch
+     * which has messages assigned to it.
+     */
+    public Optional<Integer> latestEpoch() {
+        return latestEntry().map(x -> x.epoch);
+    }
+
+    public Optional<Integer> previousEpoch() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return latestEntry().flatMap(entry -> Optional.ofNullable(epochs.lowerEntry(entry.epoch))).map(Map.Entry::getKey);
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the earliest cached entry if one exists.
+     */
+    public Optional<EpochEntry> earliestEntry() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return Optional.ofNullable(epochs.firstEntry()).map(x -> x.getValue());
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public OptionalInt previousEpoch(int epoch) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return toOptionalInt(epochs.lowerKey(epoch));
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public OptionalInt nextEpoch(int epoch) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return toOptionalInt(epochs.higherKey(epoch));
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static OptionalInt toOptionalInt(Integer value) {
+        return (value != null) ? OptionalInt.of(value) : OptionalInt.empty();
+    }
+
+    public Optional<EpochEntry> epochEntry(int epoch) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return Optional.ofNullable(epochs.get(epoch));
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Leader Epoch and the End Offset for a requested Leader Epoch.
+     * <p>
+     * The Leader Epoch returned is the largest epoch less than or equal to the requested Leader
+     * Epoch. The End Offset is the end offset of this epoch, which is defined as the start offset
+     * of the first Leader Epoch larger than the Leader Epoch requested, or else the Log End
+     * Offset if the latest epoch was requested.
+     * <p>
+     * During the upgrade phase, where there are existing messages may not have a leader epoch,
+     * if requestedEpoch is < the first epoch cached, UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET will be returned
+     * so that the follower falls back to High Water Mark.
+     *
+     * @param requestedEpoch requested leader epoch
+     * @param logEndOffset   the existing Log End Offset
+     * @return found leader epoch and end offset
+     */
+    public Map.Entry<Integer, Long> endOffsetFor(int requestedEpoch, long logEndOffset) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            Map.Entry<Integer, Long> epochAndOffset = null;
+            if (requestedEpoch == UNDEFINED_EPOCH) {
+                // This may happen if a bootstrapping follower sends a request with undefined epoch or
+                // a follower is on the older message format where leader epochs are not recorded
+                epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(UNDEFINED_EPOCH, UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET);
+            } else if (latestEpoch().isPresent() && latestEpoch().get() == requestedEpoch) {
+                // For the leader, the latest epoch is always the current leader epoch that is still being written to.
+                // Followers should not have any reason to query for the end offset of the current epoch, but a consumer
+                // might if it is verifying its committed offset following a group rebalance. In this case, we return
+                // the current log end offset which makes the truncation check work as expected.
+                epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(requestedEpoch, logEndOffset);
+            } else {
+                Map.Entry<Integer, EpochEntry> higherEntry = epochs.higherEntry(requestedEpoch);
+                if (higherEntry == null) {
+                    // The requested epoch is larger than any known epoch. This case should never be hit because
+                    // the latest cached epoch is always the largest.
+                    epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(UNDEFINED_EPOCH, UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET);
+                } else {
+                    Map.Entry<Integer, EpochEntry> floorEntry = epochs.floorEntry(requestedEpoch);
+                    if (floorEntry == null) {
+                        // The requested epoch is smaller than any known epoch, so we return the start offset of the first
+                        // known epoch which is larger than it. This may be inaccurate as there could have been
+                        // epochs in between, but the point is that the data has already been removed from the log
+                        // and we want to ensure that the follower can replicate correctly beginning from the leader's
+                        // start offset.
+                        epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(requestedEpoch, higherEntry.getValue().startOffset);
+                    } else {
+                        // We have at least one previous epoch and one subsequent epoch. The result is the first
+                        // prior epoch and the starting offset of the first subsequent epoch.
+                        epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(floorEntry.getValue().epoch, higherEntry.getValue().startOffset);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            log.trace("Processed end offset request for epoch {} and returning epoch {} " + "with end offset {} from epoch cache of size {}}", requestedEpoch, epochAndOffset.getKey(), epochAndOffset.getValue(), epochs.size());
+            return epochAndOffset;
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all epoch entries from the store with start offsets greater than or equal to the passed offset.
+     */
+    public void truncateFromEnd(long endOffset) {
+        lock.writeLock().lock();
+        try {
+            Optional<EpochEntry> epochEntry = latestEntry();
+            if (endOffset >= 0 && epochEntry.isPresent() && epochEntry.get().startOffset >= endOffset) {
+                List<EpochEntry> removedEntries = removeFromEnd(x -> x.startOffset >= endOffset);
+
+                flush();
+
+                log.debug("Cleared entries {} from epoch cache after " + "truncating to end offset {}, leaving {} entries in the cache.", removedEntries, endOffset, epochs.size());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.writeLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears old epoch entries. This method searches for the oldest epoch < offset, updates the saved epoch offset to
+     * be offset, then clears any previous epoch entries.
+     * <p>
+     * This method is exclusive: so truncateFromStart(6) will retain an entry at offset 6.
+     *
+     * @param startOffset the offset to clear up to
+     */
+    public void truncateFromStart(long startOffset) {
+        lock.writeLock().lock();
+        try {
+            List<EpochEntry> removedEntries = removeFromStart(entry -> entry.startOffset <= startOffset);
+
+            EpochEntry firstBeforeStartOffset;

Review Comment:
   Why do we need this before the `if`?



##########
storage/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/log/internals/LeaderEpochFileCache.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.server.log.internals;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.LogContext;
+import org.apache.kafka.storage.internals.checkpoint.LeaderEpochCheckpoint;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.OptionalInt;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH;
+import static org.apache.kafka.common.requests.OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse.UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a cache of (LeaderEpoch => Offset) mappings for a particular replica.
+ * <p>
+ * Leader Epoch = epoch assigned to each leader by the controller.
+ * Offset = offset of the first message in each epoch.
+ */
+public class LeaderEpochFileCache {
+    private final LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint;
+    private final Logger log;
+
+    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
+    private final TreeMap<Integer, EpochEntry> epochs = new TreeMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * @param topicPartition the associated topic partition
+     * @param checkpoint     the checkpoint file
+     */
+    public LeaderEpochFileCache(TopicPartition topicPartition, LeaderEpochCheckpoint checkpoint) {
+        this.checkpoint = checkpoint;
+        LogContext logContext = new LogContext("[LeaderEpochCache " + topicPartition + "] ");
+        log = logContext.logger(LeaderEpochFileCache.class);
+        checkpoint.read().forEach(this::assign);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns the supplied Leader Epoch to the supplied Offset
+     * Once the epoch is assigned it cannot be reassigned
+     */
+    public void assign(int epoch, long startOffset) {
+        EpochEntry entry = new EpochEntry(epoch, startOffset);
+        if (assign(entry)) {
+            log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void assign(List<EpochEntry> entries) {
+        entries.forEach(entry -> {
+            if (assign(entry)) {
+                log.debug("Appended new epoch entry {}. Cache now contains {} entries.", entry, epochs.size());
+            }
+        });
+        flush();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isUpdateNeeded(EpochEntry entry) {
+        Optional<EpochEntry> lastEntry = latestEntry();
+        return lastEntry.map(epochEntry -> entry.epoch != epochEntry.epoch || entry.startOffset < epochEntry.startOffset).orElse(true);
+    }
+
+    private boolean assign(EpochEntry entry) {
+        if (entry.epoch < 0 || entry.startOffset < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Received invalid partition leader epoch entry " + entry);
+        }
+
+        // Check whether the append is needed before acquiring the write lock
+        // in order to avoid contention with readers in the common case
+        if (!isUpdateNeeded(entry)) return false;
+
+        lock.writeLock().lock();
+        try {
+            if (isUpdateNeeded(entry)) {
+                maybeTruncateNonMonotonicEntries(entry);
+                epochs.put(entry.epoch, entry);
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.writeLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove any entries which violate monotonicity prior to appending a new entry
+     */
+    public void maybeTruncateNonMonotonicEntries(EpochEntry newEntry) {
+        List<EpochEntry> removedEpochs = removeFromEnd(entry -> entry.epoch >= newEntry.epoch || entry.startOffset >= newEntry.startOffset);
+
+
+        if (removedEpochs.size() > 1 || (!removedEpochs.isEmpty() && removedEpochs.get(0).startOffset != newEntry.startOffset)) {
+
+            // Only log a warning if there were non-trivial removals. If the start offset of the new entry
+            // matches the start offset of the removed epoch, then no data has been written and the truncation
+            // is expected.
+            log.warn("New epoch entry {} caused truncation of conflicting entries {}. " + "Cache now contains {} entries.", newEntry, removedEpochs, epochs.size());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeFromEnd(Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        return removeWhileMatching(epochs.descendingMap().entrySet().iterator(), predicate);
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeFromStart(Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        return removeWhileMatching(epochs.entrySet().iterator(), predicate);
+    }
+
+    private List<EpochEntry> removeWhileMatching(Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, EpochEntry>> iterator, Predicate<EpochEntry> predicate) {
+        ArrayList<EpochEntry> removedEpochs = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            EpochEntry entry = iterator.next().getValue();
+            if (predicate.test(entry)) {
+                removedEpochs.add(entry);
+                iterator.remove();
+            } else {
+                return removedEpochs;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return removedEpochs;
+    }
+
+    public boolean nonEmpty() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return !epochs.isEmpty();
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Optional<EpochEntry> latestEntry() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return Optional.ofNullable(epochs.lastEntry()).map(Map.Entry::getValue);
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current Leader Epoch if one exists. This is the latest epoch
+     * which has messages assigned to it.
+     */
+    public Optional<Integer> latestEpoch() {
+        return latestEntry().map(x -> x.epoch);
+    }
+
+    public Optional<Integer> previousEpoch() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return latestEntry().flatMap(entry -> Optional.ofNullable(epochs.lowerEntry(entry.epoch))).map(Map.Entry::getKey);
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the earliest cached entry if one exists.
+     */
+    public Optional<EpochEntry> earliestEntry() {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return Optional.ofNullable(epochs.firstEntry()).map(x -> x.getValue());
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public OptionalInt previousEpoch(int epoch) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return toOptionalInt(epochs.lowerKey(epoch));
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public OptionalInt nextEpoch(int epoch) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return toOptionalInt(epochs.higherKey(epoch));
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static OptionalInt toOptionalInt(Integer value) {
+        return (value != null) ? OptionalInt.of(value) : OptionalInt.empty();
+    }
+
+    public Optional<EpochEntry> epochEntry(int epoch) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return Optional.ofNullable(epochs.get(epoch));
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Leader Epoch and the End Offset for a requested Leader Epoch.
+     * <p>
+     * The Leader Epoch returned is the largest epoch less than or equal to the requested Leader
+     * Epoch. The End Offset is the end offset of this epoch, which is defined as the start offset
+     * of the first Leader Epoch larger than the Leader Epoch requested, or else the Log End
+     * Offset if the latest epoch was requested.
+     * <p>
+     * During the upgrade phase, where there are existing messages may not have a leader epoch,
+     * if requestedEpoch is < the first epoch cached, UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET will be returned
+     * so that the follower falls back to High Water Mark.
+     *
+     * @param requestedEpoch requested leader epoch
+     * @param logEndOffset   the existing Log End Offset
+     * @return found leader epoch and end offset
+     */
+    public Map.Entry<Integer, Long> endOffsetFor(int requestedEpoch, long logEndOffset) {
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            Map.Entry<Integer, Long> epochAndOffset = null;
+            if (requestedEpoch == UNDEFINED_EPOCH) {
+                // This may happen if a bootstrapping follower sends a request with undefined epoch or
+                // a follower is on the older message format where leader epochs are not recorded
+                epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(UNDEFINED_EPOCH, UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET);
+            } else if (latestEpoch().isPresent() && latestEpoch().get() == requestedEpoch) {
+                // For the leader, the latest epoch is always the current leader epoch that is still being written to.
+                // Followers should not have any reason to query for the end offset of the current epoch, but a consumer
+                // might if it is verifying its committed offset following a group rebalance. In this case, we return
+                // the current log end offset which makes the truncation check work as expected.
+                epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(requestedEpoch, logEndOffset);
+            } else {
+                Map.Entry<Integer, EpochEntry> higherEntry = epochs.higherEntry(requestedEpoch);
+                if (higherEntry == null) {
+                    // The requested epoch is larger than any known epoch. This case should never be hit because
+                    // the latest cached epoch is always the largest.
+                    epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(UNDEFINED_EPOCH, UNDEFINED_EPOCH_OFFSET);
+                } else {
+                    Map.Entry<Integer, EpochEntry> floorEntry = epochs.floorEntry(requestedEpoch);
+                    if (floorEntry == null) {
+                        // The requested epoch is smaller than any known epoch, so we return the start offset of the first
+                        // known epoch which is larger than it. This may be inaccurate as there could have been
+                        // epochs in between, but the point is that the data has already been removed from the log
+                        // and we want to ensure that the follower can replicate correctly beginning from the leader's
+                        // start offset.
+                        epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(requestedEpoch, higherEntry.getValue().startOffset);
+                    } else {
+                        // We have at least one previous epoch and one subsequent epoch. The result is the first
+                        // prior epoch and the starting offset of the first subsequent epoch.
+                        epochAndOffset = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(floorEntry.getValue().epoch, higherEntry.getValue().startOffset);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            log.trace("Processed end offset request for epoch {} and returning epoch {} " + "with end offset {} from epoch cache of size {}}", requestedEpoch, epochAndOffset.getKey(), epochAndOffset.getValue(), epochs.size());

Review Comment:
   No need for the string concat here. Also, since this is a trace log, we may want to have it under a if check (to avoid the array allocation for the parameters, etc.).



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