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Posted to commits@thrift.apache.org by je...@apache.org on 2017/01/26 00:43:59 UTC

[4/7] thrift git commit: THRIFT-2945 Add Rust support Client: Rust Patch: Allen George

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/thrift/blob/8b96bfbf/lib/rs/src/protocol/compact.rs
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diff --git a/lib/rs/src/protocol/compact.rs b/lib/rs/src/protocol/compact.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96fa8ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rs/src/protocol/compact.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2085 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use byteorder::{BigEndian, ReadBytesExt, WriteBytesExt};
+use integer_encoding::{VarIntReader, VarIntWriter};
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::convert::From;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use try_from::TryFrom;
+
+use ::transport::TTransport;
+use super::{TFieldIdentifier, TListIdentifier, TMapIdentifier, TMessageIdentifier, TMessageType,
+            TInputProtocol, TInputProtocolFactory};
+use super::{TOutputProtocol, TOutputProtocolFactory, TSetIdentifier, TStructIdentifier, TType};
+
+const COMPACT_PROTOCOL_ID: u8 = 0x82;
+const COMPACT_VERSION: u8 = 0x01;
+const COMPACT_VERSION_MASK: u8 = 0x1F;
+
+/// Read messages encoded in the Thrift compact protocol.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Create and use a `TCompactInputProtocol`.
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use std::cell::RefCell;
+/// use std::rc::Rc;
+/// use thrift::protocol::{TCompactInputProtocol, TInputProtocol};
+/// use thrift::transport::{TTcpTransport, TTransport};
+///
+/// let mut transport = TTcpTransport::new();
+/// transport.open("localhost:9090").unwrap();
+/// let transport = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Box::new(transport) as Box<TTransport>));
+///
+/// let mut i_prot = TCompactInputProtocol::new(transport);
+///
+/// let recvd_bool = i_prot.read_bool().unwrap();
+/// let recvd_string = i_prot.read_string().unwrap();
+/// ```
+pub struct TCompactInputProtocol {
+    // Identifier of the last field deserialized for a struct.
+    last_read_field_id: i16,
+    // Stack of the last read field ids (a new entry is added each time a nested struct is read).
+    read_field_id_stack: Vec<i16>,
+    // Boolean value for a field.
+    // Saved because boolean fields and their value are encoded in a single byte,
+    // and reading the field only occurs after the field id is read.
+    pending_read_bool_value: Option<bool>,
+    // Underlying transport used for byte-level operations.
+    transport: Rc<RefCell<Box<TTransport>>>,
+}
+
+impl TCompactInputProtocol {
+    /// Create a `TCompactInputProtocol` that reads bytes from `transport`.
+    pub fn new(transport: Rc<RefCell<Box<TTransport>>>) -> TCompactInputProtocol {
+        TCompactInputProtocol {
+            last_read_field_id: 0,
+            read_field_id_stack: Vec::new(),
+            pending_read_bool_value: None,
+            transport: transport,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read_list_set_begin(&mut self) -> ::Result<(TType, i32)> {
+        let header = self.read_byte()?;
+        let element_type = collection_u8_to_type(header & 0x0F)?;
+
+        let element_count;
+        let possible_element_count = (header & 0xF0) >> 4;
+        if possible_element_count != 15 {
+            // high bits set high if count and type encoded separately
+            element_count = possible_element_count as i32;
+        } else {
+            element_count = self.transport.borrow_mut().read_varint::<u32>()? as i32;
+        }
+
+        Ok((element_type, element_count))
+    }
+}
+
+impl TInputProtocol for TCompactInputProtocol {
+    fn read_message_begin(&mut self) -> ::Result<TMessageIdentifier> {
+        let compact_id = self.read_byte()?;
+        if compact_id != COMPACT_PROTOCOL_ID {
+            Err(::Error::Protocol(::ProtocolError {
+                kind: ::ProtocolErrorKind::BadVersion,
+                message: format!("invalid compact protocol header {:?}", compact_id),
+            }))
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }?;
+
+        let type_and_byte = self.read_byte()?;
+        let received_version = type_and_byte & COMPACT_VERSION_MASK;
+        if received_version != COMPACT_VERSION {
+            Err(::Error::Protocol(::ProtocolError {
+                kind: ::ProtocolErrorKind::BadVersion,
+                message: format!("cannot process compact protocol version {:?}",
+                                 received_version),
+            }))
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }?;
+
+        // NOTE: unsigned right shift will pad with 0s
+        let message_type: TMessageType = TMessageType::try_from(type_and_byte >> 5)?;
+        let sequence_number = self.read_i32()?;
+        let service_call_name = self.read_string()?;
+
+        self.last_read_field_id = 0;
+
+        Ok(TMessageIdentifier::new(service_call_name, message_type, sequence_number))
+    }
+
+    fn read_message_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn read_struct_begin(&mut self) -> ::Result<Option<TStructIdentifier>> {
+        self.read_field_id_stack.push(self.last_read_field_id);
+        self.last_read_field_id = 0;
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    fn read_struct_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.last_read_field_id = self.read_field_id_stack
+            .pop()
+            .expect("should have previous field ids");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn read_field_begin(&mut self) -> ::Result<TFieldIdentifier> {
+        // we can read at least one byte, which is:
+        // - the type
+        // - the field delta and the type
+        let field_type = self.read_byte()?;
+        let field_delta = (field_type & 0xF0) >> 4;
+        let field_type = match field_type & 0x0F {
+            0x01 => {
+                self.pending_read_bool_value = Some(true);
+                Ok(TType::Bool)
+            }
+            0x02 => {
+                self.pending_read_bool_value = Some(false);
+                Ok(TType::Bool)
+            }
+            ttu8 => u8_to_type(ttu8),
+        }?;
+
+        match field_type {
+            TType::Stop => {
+                Ok(TFieldIdentifier::new::<Option<String>, String, Option<i16>>(None,
+                                                                                TType::Stop,
+                                                                                None))
+            }
+            _ => {
+                if field_delta != 0 {
+                    self.last_read_field_id += field_delta as i16;
+                } else {
+                    self.last_read_field_id = self.read_i16()?;
+                };
+
+                Ok(TFieldIdentifier {
+                    name: None,
+                    field_type: field_type,
+                    id: Some(self.last_read_field_id),
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read_field_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn read_bool(&mut self) -> ::Result<bool> {
+        match self.pending_read_bool_value.take() {
+            Some(b) => Ok(b),
+            None => {
+                let b = self.read_byte()?;
+                match b {
+                    0x01 => Ok(true),
+                    0x02 => Ok(false),
+                    unkn => {
+                        Err(::Error::Protocol(::ProtocolError {
+                            kind: ::ProtocolErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                            message: format!("cannot convert {} into bool", unkn),
+                        }))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read_bytes(&mut self) -> ::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        let len = self.transport.borrow_mut().read_varint::<u32>()?;
+        let mut buf = vec![0u8; len as usize];
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().read_exact(&mut buf).map_err(From::from).map(|_| buf)
+    }
+
+    fn read_i8(&mut self) -> ::Result<i8> {
+        self.read_byte().map(|i| i as i8)
+    }
+
+    fn read_i16(&mut self) -> ::Result<i16> {
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().read_varint::<i16>().map_err(From::from)
+    }
+
+    fn read_i32(&mut self) -> ::Result<i32> {
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().read_varint::<i32>().map_err(From::from)
+    }
+
+    fn read_i64(&mut self) -> ::Result<i64> {
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().read_varint::<i64>().map_err(From::from)
+    }
+
+    fn read_double(&mut self) -> ::Result<f64> {
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().read_f64::<BigEndian>().map_err(From::from)
+    }
+
+    fn read_string(&mut self) -> ::Result<String> {
+        let bytes = self.read_bytes()?;
+        String::from_utf8(bytes).map_err(From::from)
+    }
+
+    fn read_list_begin(&mut self) -> ::Result<TListIdentifier> {
+        let (element_type, element_count) = self.read_list_set_begin()?;
+        Ok(TListIdentifier::new(element_type, element_count))
+    }
+
+    fn read_list_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn read_set_begin(&mut self) -> ::Result<TSetIdentifier> {
+        let (element_type, element_count) = self.read_list_set_begin()?;
+        Ok(TSetIdentifier::new(element_type, element_count))
+    }
+
+    fn read_set_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn read_map_begin(&mut self) -> ::Result<TMapIdentifier> {
+        let element_count = self.transport.borrow_mut().read_varint::<u32>()? as i32;
+        if element_count == 0 {
+            Ok(TMapIdentifier::new(None, None, 0))
+        } else {
+            let type_header = self.read_byte()?;
+            let key_type = collection_u8_to_type((type_header & 0xF0) >> 4)?;
+            let val_type = collection_u8_to_type(type_header & 0x0F)?;
+            Ok(TMapIdentifier::new(key_type, val_type, element_count))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read_map_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // utility
+    //
+
+    fn read_byte(&mut self) -> ::Result<u8> {
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 1];
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().read_exact(&mut buf).map_err(From::from).map(|_| buf[0])
+    }
+}
+
+/// Factory for creating instances of `TCompactInputProtocol`.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct TCompactInputProtocolFactory;
+
+impl TCompactInputProtocolFactory {
+    /// Create a `TCompactInputProtocolFactory`.
+    pub fn new() -> TCompactInputProtocolFactory {
+        TCompactInputProtocolFactory {}
+    }
+}
+
+impl TInputProtocolFactory for TCompactInputProtocolFactory {
+    fn create(&mut self, transport: Rc<RefCell<Box<TTransport>>>) -> Box<TInputProtocol> {
+        Box::new(TCompactInputProtocol::new(transport)) as Box<TInputProtocol>
+    }
+}
+
+/// Write messages using the Thrift compact protocol.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Create and use a `TCompactOutputProtocol`.
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use std::cell::RefCell;
+/// use std::rc::Rc;
+/// use thrift::protocol::{TCompactOutputProtocol, TOutputProtocol};
+/// use thrift::transport::{TTcpTransport, TTransport};
+///
+/// let mut transport = TTcpTransport::new();
+/// transport.open("localhost:9090").unwrap();
+/// let transport = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Box::new(transport) as Box<TTransport>));
+///
+/// let mut o_prot = TCompactOutputProtocol::new(transport);
+///
+/// o_prot.write_bool(true).unwrap();
+/// o_prot.write_string("test_string").unwrap();
+/// ```
+pub struct TCompactOutputProtocol {
+    // Identifier of the last field serialized for a struct.
+    last_write_field_id: i16,
+    // Stack of the last written field ids (a new entry is added each time a nested struct is written).
+    write_field_id_stack: Vec<i16>,
+    // Field identifier of the boolean field to be written.
+    // Saved because boolean fields and their value are encoded in a single byte
+    pending_write_bool_field_identifier: Option<TFieldIdentifier>,
+    // Underlying transport used for byte-level operations.
+    transport: Rc<RefCell<Box<TTransport>>>,
+}
+
+impl TCompactOutputProtocol {
+    /// Create a `TCompactOutputProtocol` that writes bytes to `transport`.
+    pub fn new(transport: Rc<RefCell<Box<TTransport>>>) -> TCompactOutputProtocol {
+        TCompactOutputProtocol {
+            last_write_field_id: 0,
+            write_field_id_stack: Vec::new(),
+            pending_write_bool_field_identifier: None,
+            transport: transport,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // FIXME: field_type as unconstrained u8 is bad
+    fn write_field_header(&mut self, field_type: u8, field_id: i16) -> ::Result<()> {
+        let field_delta = field_id - self.last_write_field_id;
+        if field_delta > 0 && field_delta < 15 {
+            self.write_byte(((field_delta as u8) << 4) | field_type)?;
+        } else {
+            self.write_byte(field_type)?;
+            self.write_i16(field_id)?;
+        }
+        self.last_write_field_id = field_id;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_list_set_begin(&mut self, element_type: TType, element_count: i32) -> ::Result<()> {
+        let elem_identifier = collection_type_to_u8(element_type);
+        if element_count <= 14 {
+            let header = (element_count as u8) << 4 | elem_identifier;
+            self.write_byte(header)
+        } else {
+            let header = 0xF0 | elem_identifier;
+            self.write_byte(header)?;
+            self.transport
+                .borrow_mut()
+                .write_varint(element_count as u32)
+                .map_err(From::from)
+                .map(|_| ())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn assert_no_pending_bool_write(&self) {
+        if let Some(ref f) = self.pending_write_bool_field_identifier {
+            panic!("pending bool field {:?} not written", f)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TOutputProtocol for TCompactOutputProtocol {
+    fn write_message_begin(&mut self, identifier: &TMessageIdentifier) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.write_byte(COMPACT_PROTOCOL_ID)?;
+        self.write_byte((u8::from(identifier.message_type) << 5) | COMPACT_VERSION)?;
+        self.write_i32(identifier.sequence_number)?;
+        self.write_string(&identifier.name)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_message_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.assert_no_pending_bool_write();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_struct_begin(&mut self, _: &TStructIdentifier) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.write_field_id_stack.push(self.last_write_field_id);
+        self.last_write_field_id = 0;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_struct_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.assert_no_pending_bool_write();
+        self.last_write_field_id =
+            self.write_field_id_stack.pop().expect("should have previous field ids");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_field_begin(&mut self, identifier: &TFieldIdentifier) -> ::Result<()> {
+        match identifier.field_type {
+            TType::Bool => {
+                if self.pending_write_bool_field_identifier.is_some() {
+                    panic!("should not have a pending bool while writing another bool with id: \
+                            {:?}",
+                           identifier)
+                }
+                self.pending_write_bool_field_identifier = Some(identifier.clone());
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            _ => {
+                let field_type = type_to_u8(identifier.field_type);
+                let field_id = identifier.id.expect("non-stop field should have field id");
+                self.write_field_header(field_type, field_id)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write_field_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.assert_no_pending_bool_write();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_field_stop(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.assert_no_pending_bool_write();
+        self.write_byte(type_to_u8(TType::Stop))
+    }
+
+    fn write_bool(&mut self, b: bool) -> ::Result<()> {
+        match self.pending_write_bool_field_identifier.take() {
+            Some(pending) => {
+                let field_id = pending.id.expect("bool field should have a field id");
+                let field_type_as_u8 = if b { 0x01 } else { 0x02 };
+                self.write_field_header(field_type_as_u8, field_id)
+            }
+            None => {
+                if b {
+                    self.write_byte(0x01)
+                } else {
+                    self.write_byte(0x02)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write_bytes(&mut self, b: &[u8]) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().write_varint(b.len() as u32)?;
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().write_all(b).map_err(From::from)
+    }
+
+    fn write_i8(&mut self, i: i8) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.write_byte(i as u8)
+    }
+
+    fn write_i16(&mut self, i: i16) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().write_varint(i).map_err(From::from).map(|_| ())
+    }
+
+    fn write_i32(&mut self, i: i32) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().write_varint(i).map_err(From::from).map(|_| ())
+    }
+
+    fn write_i64(&mut self, i: i64) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().write_varint(i).map_err(From::from).map(|_| ())
+    }
+
+    fn write_double(&mut self, d: f64) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().write_f64::<BigEndian>(d).map_err(From::from)
+    }
+
+    fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.write_bytes(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    fn write_list_begin(&mut self, identifier: &TListIdentifier) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.write_list_set_begin(identifier.element_type, identifier.size)
+    }
+
+    fn write_list_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_set_begin(&mut self, identifier: &TSetIdentifier) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.write_list_set_begin(identifier.element_type, identifier.size)
+    }
+
+    fn write_set_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_map_begin(&mut self, identifier: &TMapIdentifier) -> ::Result<()> {
+        if identifier.size == 0 {
+            self.write_byte(0)
+        } else {
+            self.transport.borrow_mut().write_varint(identifier.size as u32)?;
+
+            let key_type = identifier.key_type
+                .expect("map identifier to write should contain key type");
+            let key_type_byte = collection_type_to_u8(key_type) << 4;
+
+            let val_type = identifier.value_type
+                .expect("map identifier to write should contain value type");
+            let val_type_byte = collection_type_to_u8(val_type);
+
+            let map_type_header = key_type_byte | val_type_byte;
+            self.write_byte(map_type_header)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write_map_end(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().flush().map_err(From::from)
+    }
+
+    // utility
+    //
+
+    fn write_byte(&mut self, b: u8) -> ::Result<()> {
+        self.transport.borrow_mut().write(&[b]).map_err(From::from).map(|_| ())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Factory for creating instances of `TCompactOutputProtocol`.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct TCompactOutputProtocolFactory;
+
+impl TCompactOutputProtocolFactory {
+    /// Create a `TCompactOutputProtocolFactory`.
+    pub fn new() -> TCompactOutputProtocolFactory {
+        TCompactOutputProtocolFactory {}
+    }
+}
+
+impl TOutputProtocolFactory for TCompactOutputProtocolFactory {
+    fn create(&mut self, transport: Rc<RefCell<Box<TTransport>>>) -> Box<TOutputProtocol> {
+        Box::new(TCompactOutputProtocol::new(transport)) as Box<TOutputProtocol>
+    }
+}
+
+fn collection_type_to_u8(field_type: TType) -> u8 {
+    match field_type {
+        TType::Bool => 0x01,
+        f => type_to_u8(f),
+    }
+}
+
+fn type_to_u8(field_type: TType) -> u8 {
+    match field_type {
+        TType::Stop => 0x00,
+        TType::I08 => 0x03, // equivalent to TType::Byte
+        TType::I16 => 0x04,
+        TType::I32 => 0x05,
+        TType::I64 => 0x06,
+        TType::Double => 0x07,
+        TType::String => 0x08,
+        TType::List => 0x09,
+        TType::Set => 0x0A,
+        TType::Map => 0x0B,
+        TType::Struct => 0x0C,
+        _ => panic!(format!("should not have attempted to convert {} to u8", field_type)),
+    }
+}
+
+fn collection_u8_to_type(b: u8) -> ::Result<TType> {
+    match b {
+        0x01 => Ok(TType::Bool),
+        o => u8_to_type(o),
+    }
+}
+
+fn u8_to_type(b: u8) -> ::Result<TType> {
+    match b {
+        0x00 => Ok(TType::Stop),
+        0x03 => Ok(TType::I08), // equivalent to TType::Byte
+        0x04 => Ok(TType::I16),
+        0x05 => Ok(TType::I32),
+        0x06 => Ok(TType::I64),
+        0x07 => Ok(TType::Double),
+        0x08 => Ok(TType::String),
+        0x09 => Ok(TType::List),
+        0x0A => Ok(TType::Set),
+        0x0B => Ok(TType::Map),
+        0x0C => Ok(TType::Struct),
+        unkn => {
+            Err(::Error::Protocol(::ProtocolError {
+                kind: ::ProtocolErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                message: format!("cannot convert {} into TType", unkn),
+            }))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+
+    use std::rc::Rc;
+    use std::cell::RefCell;
+
+    use ::protocol::{TFieldIdentifier, TMessageIdentifier, TMessageType, TInputProtocol,
+                     TListIdentifier, TMapIdentifier, TOutputProtocol, TSetIdentifier,
+                     TStructIdentifier, TType};
+    use ::transport::{TPassThruTransport, TTransport};
+    use ::transport::mem::TBufferTransport;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_message_begin_0() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_message_begin(&TMessageIdentifier::new("foo", TMessageType::Call, 431)));
+
+        let expected: [u8; 8] =
+            [0x82 /* protocol ID */, 0x21 /* message type | protocol version */, 0xDE,
+             0x06 /* zig-zag varint sequence number */, 0x03 /* message-name length */,
+             0x66, 0x6F, 0x6F /* "foo" */];
+
+        assert_eq!(trans.borrow().write_buffer_as_ref(), &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_message_begin_1() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_message_begin(&TMessageIdentifier::new("bar", TMessageType::Reply, 991828)));
+
+        let expected: [u8; 9] =
+            [0x82 /* protocol ID */, 0x41 /* message type | protocol version */, 0xA8,
+             0x89, 0x79 /* zig-zag varint sequence number */,
+             0x03 /* message-name length */, 0x62, 0x61, 0x72 /* "bar" */];
+
+        assert_eq!(trans.borrow().write_buffer_as_ref(), &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_message_begin() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        let ident = TMessageIdentifier::new("service_call", TMessageType::Call, 1283948);
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_message_begin(&ident));
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        let res = assert_success!(i_prot.read_message_begin());
+        assert_eq!(&res, &ident);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_message_end() {
+        assert_no_write(|o| o.write_message_end());
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: structs and fields are tested together
+    //
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_struct_with_delta_fields() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // no bytes should be written however
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // write three fields with tiny field ids
+        // since they're small the field ids will be encoded as deltas
+
+        // since this is the first field (and it's zero) it gets the full varint write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I08, 0)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it can be encoded as a delta
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I16, 4)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it can be encoded as a delta
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::List, 9)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // now, finish the struct off
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // get bytes written
+        let buf = trans.borrow_mut().write_buffer_to_vec();
+
+        let expected: [u8; 5] = [0x03 /* field type */, 0x00 /* first field id */,
+                                 0x44 /* field delta (4) | field type */,
+                                 0x59 /* field delta (5) | field type */,
+                                 0x00 /* field stop */];
+
+        assert_eq!(&buf, &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_struct_with_delta_fields() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // no bytes should be written however
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // write three fields with tiny field ids
+        // since they're small the field ids will be encoded as deltas
+
+        // since this is the first field (and it's zero) it gets the full varint write
+        let field_ident_1 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I08, 0);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_1));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it can be encoded as a delta
+        let field_ident_2 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I16, 4);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_2));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it can be encoded as a delta
+        let field_ident_3 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::List, 9);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_3));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // now, finish the struct off
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        // read the struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_1 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_1,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_1 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_2 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_2,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_2 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_3 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_3,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_3 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_4 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_4,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_struct_with_non_zero_initial_field_and_delta_fields() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // no bytes should be written however
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // write three fields with tiny field ids
+        // since they're small the field ids will be encoded as deltas
+
+        // gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I32, 1)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it can be encoded as a delta
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Set, 2)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it can be encoded as a delta
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::String, 6)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // now, finish the struct off
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // get bytes written
+        let buf = trans.borrow_mut().write_buffer_to_vec();
+
+        let expected: [u8; 4] = [0x15 /* field delta (1) | field type */,
+                                 0x1A /* field delta (1) | field type */,
+                                 0x48 /* field delta (4) | field type */,
+                                 0x00 /* field stop */];
+
+        assert_eq!(&buf, &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_struct_with_non_zero_initial_field_and_delta_fields() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // no bytes should be written however
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // write three fields with tiny field ids
+        // since they're small the field ids will be encoded as deltas
+
+        // gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_1 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I32, 1);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_1));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it can be encoded as a delta
+        let field_ident_2 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Set, 2);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_2));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it can be encoded as a delta
+        let field_ident_3 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::String, 6);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_3));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // now, finish the struct off
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        // read the struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_1 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_1,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_1 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_2 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_2,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_2 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_3 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_3,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_3 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_4 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_4,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_struct_with_long_fields() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // no bytes should be written however
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // write three fields with field ids that cannot be encoded as deltas
+
+        // since this is the first field (and it's zero) it gets the full varint write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I32, 0)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta is > 15 it is encoded as a zig-zag varint
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 16)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta is > 15 it is encoded as a zig-zag varint
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Set, 99)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // now, finish the struct off
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // get bytes written
+        let buf = trans.borrow_mut().write_buffer_to_vec();
+
+        let expected: [u8; 8] =
+            [0x05 /* field type */, 0x00 /* first field id */,
+             0x06 /* field type */, 0x20 /* zig-zag varint field id */,
+             0x0A /* field type */, 0xC6, 0x01 /* zig-zag varint field id */,
+             0x00 /* field stop */];
+
+        assert_eq!(&buf, &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_struct_with_long_fields() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // no bytes should be written however
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // write three fields with field ids that cannot be encoded as deltas
+
+        // since this is the first field (and it's zero) it gets the full varint write
+        let field_ident_1 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I32, 0);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_1));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta is > 15 it is encoded as a zig-zag varint
+        let field_ident_2 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 16);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_2));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta is > 15 it is encoded as a zig-zag varint
+        let field_ident_3 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Set, 99);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_3));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // now, finish the struct off
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        // read the struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_1 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_1,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_1 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_2 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_2,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_2 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_3 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_3,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_3 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_4 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_4,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_struct_with_mix_of_long_and_delta_fields() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // no bytes should be written however
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // write three fields with field ids that cannot be encoded as deltas
+
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 1)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I32, 9)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta is > 15 it is encoded as a zig-zag varint
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Set, 1000)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta is > 15 it is encoded as a zig-zag varint
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Set, 2001)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this is only 3 up from the previous it is recorded as a delta
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Set, 2004)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // now, finish the struct off
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // get bytes written
+        let buf = trans.borrow_mut().write_buffer_to_vec();
+
+        let expected: [u8; 10] =
+            [0x16 /* field delta (1) | field type */,
+             0x85 /* field delta (8) | field type */, 0x0A /* field type */, 0xD0,
+             0x0F /* zig-zag varint field id */, 0x0A /* field type */, 0xA2,
+             0x1F /* zig-zag varint field id */,
+             0x3A /* field delta (3) | field type */, 0x00 /* field stop */];
+
+        assert_eq!(&buf, &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_struct_with_mix_of_long_and_delta_fields() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // no bytes should be written however
+        let struct_ident = TStructIdentifier::new("foo");
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&struct_ident));
+
+        // write three fields with field ids that cannot be encoded as deltas
+
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_1 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 1);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_1));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_2 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I32, 9);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_2));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta is > 15 it is encoded as a zig-zag varint
+        let field_ident_3 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Set, 1000);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_3));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta is > 15 it is encoded as a zig-zag varint
+        let field_ident_4 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Set, 2001);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_4));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this is only 3 up from the previous it is recorded as a delta
+        let field_ident_5 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Set, 2004);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_5));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // now, finish the struct off
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        // read the struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_1 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_1,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_1 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_2 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_2,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_2 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_3 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_3,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_3 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_4 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_4,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_4 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_5 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_5,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_5 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_6 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_6,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_nested_structs_0() {
+        // last field of the containing struct is a delta
+        // first field of the the contained struct is a delta
+
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // start containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 1)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I32, 9)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // start contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I08, 7)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Double, 24)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // get bytes written
+        let buf = trans.borrow_mut().write_buffer_to_vec();
+
+        let expected: [u8; 7] =
+            [0x16 /* field delta (1) | field type */,
+             0x85 /* field delta (8) | field type */,
+             0x73 /* field delta (7) | field type */, 0x07 /* field type */,
+             0x30 /* zig-zag varint field id */, 0x00 /* field stop - contained */,
+             0x00 /* field stop - containing */];
+
+        assert_eq!(&buf, &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_nested_structs_0() {
+        // last field of the containing struct is a delta
+        // first field of the the contained struct is a delta
+
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // start containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_1 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 1);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_1));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_2 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I32, 9);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_2));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // start contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_3 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I08, 7);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_3));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        let field_ident_4 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Double, 24);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_4));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        // read containing struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_1 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_1,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_1 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_2 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_2,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_2 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        // read contained struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_3 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_3,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_3 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_4 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_4,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_4 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        let read_ident_6 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_6,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        let read_ident_7 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_7,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_nested_structs_1() {
+        // last field of the containing struct is a delta
+        // first field of the the contained struct is a full write
+
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // start containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 1)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I32, 9)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // start contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Double, 24)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I08, 27)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // get bytes written
+        let buf = trans.borrow_mut().write_buffer_to_vec();
+
+        let expected: [u8; 7] =
+            [0x16 /* field delta (1) | field type */,
+             0x85 /* field delta (8) | field type */, 0x07 /* field type */,
+             0x30 /* zig-zag varint field id */,
+             0x33 /* field delta (3) | field type */, 0x00 /* field stop - contained */,
+             0x00 /* field stop - containing */];
+
+        assert_eq!(&buf, &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_nested_structs_1() {
+        // last field of the containing struct is a delta
+        // first field of the the contained struct is a full write
+
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // start containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_1 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 1);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_1));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_2 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I32, 9);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_2));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // start contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        let field_ident_3 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Double, 24);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_3));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_4 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I08, 27);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_4));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        // read containing struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_1 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_1,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_1 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_2 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_2,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_2 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        // read contained struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_3 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_3,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_3 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_4 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_4,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_4 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        let read_ident_6 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_6,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        let read_ident_7 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_7,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_nested_structs_2() {
+        // last field of the containing struct is a full write
+        // first field of the the contained struct is a delta write
+
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // start containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 1)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::String, 21)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // start contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Double, 7)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I08, 10)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // get bytes written
+        let buf = trans.borrow_mut().write_buffer_to_vec();
+
+        let expected: [u8; 7] =
+            [0x16 /* field delta (1) | field type */, 0x08 /* field type */,
+             0x2A /* zig-zag varint field id */, 0x77 /* field delta(7) | field type */,
+             0x33 /* field delta (3) | field type */, 0x00 /* field stop - contained */,
+             0x00 /* field stop - containing */];
+
+        assert_eq!(&buf, &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_nested_structs_2() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // start containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_1 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 1);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_1));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        let field_ident_2 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::String, 21);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_2));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // start contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_3 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Double, 7);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_3));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_4 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I08, 10);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_4));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        // read containing struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_1 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_1,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_1 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_2 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_2,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_2 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        // read contained struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_3 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_3,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_3 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_4 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_4,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_4 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        let read_ident_6 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_6,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        let read_ident_7 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_7,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_nested_structs_3() {
+        // last field of the containing struct is a full write
+        // first field of the the contained struct is a full write
+
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // start containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 1)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::String, 21)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // start contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Double, 21)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I08, 27)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // get bytes written
+        let buf = trans.borrow_mut().write_buffer_to_vec();
+
+        let expected: [u8; 8] =
+            [0x16 /* field delta (1) | field type */, 0x08 /* field type */,
+             0x2A /* zig-zag varint field id */, 0x07 /* field type */,
+             0x2A /* zig-zag varint field id */,
+             0x63 /* field delta (6) | field type */, 0x00 /* field stop - contained */,
+             0x00 /* field stop - containing */];
+
+        assert_eq!(&buf, &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_nested_structs_3() {
+        // last field of the containing struct is a full write
+        // first field of the the contained struct is a full write
+
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // start containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_1 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I64, 1);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_1));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // containing struct
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        let field_ident_2 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::String, 21);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_2));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // start contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        let field_ident_3 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Double, 21);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_3));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // contained struct
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_4 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::I08, 27);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_4));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        // read containing struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_1 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_1,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_1 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_2 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_2,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_2 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        // read contained struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_3 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_3,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_3 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_4 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_4,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_4 });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        // end contained struct
+        let read_ident_6 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_6,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+
+        // end containing struct
+        let read_ident_7 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_7,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_bool_field() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // no bytes should be written however
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+
+        // write three fields with field ids that cannot be encoded as deltas
+
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 16 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Bool, 1)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(true));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Bool, 9)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(false));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Bool, 26)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(true));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Bool, 45)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(false));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // now, finish the struct off
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        // get bytes written
+        let buf = trans.borrow_mut().write_buffer_to_vec();
+
+        let expected: [u8; 7] = [0x11 /* field delta (1) | true */,
+                                 0x82 /* field delta (8) | false */, 0x01 /* true */,
+                                 0x34 /* field id */, 0x02 /* false */,
+                                 0x5A /* field id */, 0x00 /* stop field */];
+
+        assert_eq!(&buf, &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_bool_field() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        // no bytes should be written however
+        let struct_ident = TStructIdentifier::new("foo");
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&struct_ident));
+
+        // write two fields
+
+        // since the delta is > 0 and < 16 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_1 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Bool, 1);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_1));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(true));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 0 and < 15 it gets a delta write
+        let field_ident_2 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Bool, 9);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_2));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(false));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        let field_ident_3 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Bool, 26);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_3));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(true));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // since this delta > 15 it gets a full write
+        let field_ident_4 = TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Bool, 45);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&field_ident_4));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(false));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_end());
+
+        // now, finish the struct off
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_stop());
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_end());
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        // read the struct back
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_begin());
+
+        let read_ident_1 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_1,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_1 });
+        let read_value_1 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_bool());
+        assert_eq!(read_value_1, true);
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_2 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_2,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_2 });
+        let read_value_2 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_bool());
+        assert_eq!(read_value_2, false);
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_3 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_3,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_3 });
+        let read_value_3 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_bool());
+        assert_eq!(read_value_3, true);
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_4 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_4,
+                   TFieldIdentifier { name: None, ..field_ident_4 });
+        let read_value_4 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_bool());
+        assert_eq!(read_value_4, false);
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_end());
+
+        let read_ident_5 = assert_success!(i_prot.read_field_begin());
+        assert_eq!(read_ident_5,
+                   TFieldIdentifier {
+                       name: None,
+                       field_type: TType::Stop,
+                       id: None,
+                   });
+
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_struct_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn must_fail_if_write_field_end_without_writing_bool_value() {
+        let (_, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Bool, 1)));
+        o_prot.write_field_end().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn must_fail_if_write_stop_field_without_writing_bool_value() {
+        let (_, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Bool, 1)));
+        o_prot.write_field_stop().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn must_fail_if_write_struct_end_without_writing_bool_value() {
+        let (_, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_struct_begin(&TStructIdentifier::new("foo")));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_field_begin(&TFieldIdentifier::new("foo", TType::Bool, 1)));
+        o_prot.write_struct_end().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn must_fail_if_write_struct_end_without_any_fields() {
+        let (_, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+        o_prot.write_struct_end().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_field_end() {
+        assert_no_write(|o| o.write_field_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_small_sized_list_begin() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_list_begin(&TListIdentifier::new(TType::I64, 4)));
+
+        let expected: [u8; 1] = [0x46 /* size | elem_type */];
+
+        assert_eq!(trans.borrow().write_buffer_as_ref(), &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_small_sized_list_begin() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        let ident = TListIdentifier::new(TType::I08, 10);
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_list_begin(&ident));
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        let res = assert_success!(i_prot.read_list_begin());
+        assert_eq!(&res, &ident);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_large_sized_list_begin() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        let res = o_prot.write_list_begin(&TListIdentifier::new(TType::List, 9999));
+        assert!(res.is_ok());
+
+        let expected: [u8; 3] = [0xF9 /* 0xF0 | elem_type */, 0x8F,
+                                 0x4E /* size as varint */];
+
+        assert_eq!(trans.borrow().write_buffer_as_ref(), &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_large_sized_list_begin() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        let ident = TListIdentifier::new(TType::Set, 47381);
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_list_begin(&ident));
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        let res = assert_success!(i_prot.read_list_begin());
+        assert_eq!(&res, &ident);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_list_end() {
+        assert_no_write(|o| o.write_list_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_small_sized_set_begin() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_set_begin(&TSetIdentifier::new(TType::Struct, 2)));
+
+        let expected: [u8; 1] = [0x2C /* size | elem_type */];
+
+        assert_eq!(trans.borrow().write_buffer_as_ref(), &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_small_sized_set_begin() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        let ident = TSetIdentifier::new(TType::I16, 7);
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_set_begin(&ident));
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        let res = assert_success!(i_prot.read_set_begin());
+        assert_eq!(&res, &ident);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_large_sized_set_begin() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_set_begin(&TSetIdentifier::new(TType::Double, 23891)));
+
+        let expected: [u8; 4] = [0xF7 /* 0xF0 | elem_type */, 0xD3, 0xBA,
+                                 0x01 /* size as varint */];
+
+        assert_eq!(trans.borrow().write_buffer_as_ref(), &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_large_sized_set_begin() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        let ident = TSetIdentifier::new(TType::Map, 3928429);
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_set_begin(&ident));
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        let res = assert_success!(i_prot.read_set_begin());
+        assert_eq!(&res, &ident);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_set_end() {
+        assert_no_write(|o| o.write_set_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_zero_sized_map_begin() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_map_begin(&TMapIdentifier::new(TType::String, TType::I32, 0)));
+
+        let expected: [u8; 1] = [0x00]; // since size is zero we don't write anything
+
+        assert_eq!(trans.borrow().write_buffer_as_ref(), &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_read_zero_sized_map_begin() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_map_begin(&TMapIdentifier::new(TType::Double, TType::I32, 0)));
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        let res = assert_success!(i_prot.read_map_begin());
+        assert_eq!(&res,
+                   &TMapIdentifier {
+                       key_type: None,
+                       value_type: None,
+                       size: 0,
+                   });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_map_begin() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_map_begin(&TMapIdentifier::new(TType::Double, TType::String, 238)));
+
+        let expected: [u8; 3] = [0xEE, 0x01 /* size as varint */,
+                                 0x78 /* key type | val type */];
+
+        assert_eq!(trans.borrow().write_buffer_as_ref(), &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_map_begin() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        let ident = TMapIdentifier::new(TType::Map, TType::List, 1928349);
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_map_begin(&ident));
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        let res = assert_success!(i_prot.read_map_begin());
+        assert_eq!(&res, &ident);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_map_end() {
+        assert_no_write(|o| o.write_map_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_write_map_with_bool_key_and_value() {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_map_begin(&TMapIdentifier::new(TType::Bool, TType::Bool, 1)));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(true));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(false));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_map_end());
+
+        let expected: [u8; 4] = [0x01 /* size as varint */,
+                                 0x11 /* key type | val type */, 0x01 /* key: true */,
+                                 0x02 /* val: false */];
+
+        assert_eq!(trans.borrow().write_buffer_as_ref(), &expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_round_trip_map_with_bool_value() {
+        let (trans, mut i_prot, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+
+        let map_ident = TMapIdentifier::new(TType::Bool, TType::Bool, 2);
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_map_begin(&map_ident));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(true));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(false));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(false));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_bool(true));
+        assert_success!(o_prot.write_map_end());
+
+        trans.borrow_mut().copy_write_buffer_to_read_buffer();
+
+        // map header
+        let rcvd_ident = assert_success!(i_prot.read_map_begin());
+        assert_eq!(&rcvd_ident, &map_ident);
+        // key 1
+        let b = assert_success!(i_prot.read_bool());
+        assert_eq!(b, true);
+        // val 1
+        let b = assert_success!(i_prot.read_bool());
+        assert_eq!(b, false);
+        // key 2
+        let b = assert_success!(i_prot.read_bool());
+        assert_eq!(b, false);
+        // val 2
+        let b = assert_success!(i_prot.read_bool());
+        assert_eq!(b, true);
+        // map end
+        assert_success!(i_prot.read_map_end());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn must_read_map_end() {
+        let (_, mut i_prot, _) = test_objects();
+        assert!(i_prot.read_map_end().is_ok()); // will blow up if we try to read from empty buffer
+    }
+
+    fn test_objects
+        ()
+        -> (Rc<RefCell<Box<TBufferTransport>>>, TCompactInputProtocol, TCompactOutputProtocol)
+    {
+        let mem = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Box::new(TBufferTransport::with_capacity(80, 80))));
+
+        let inner: Box<TTransport> = Box::new(TPassThruTransport { inner: mem.clone() });
+        let inner = Rc::new(RefCell::new(inner));
+
+        let i_prot = TCompactInputProtocol::new(inner.clone());
+        let o_prot = TCompactOutputProtocol::new(inner.clone());
+
+        (mem, i_prot, o_prot)
+    }
+
+    fn assert_no_write<F: FnMut(&mut TCompactOutputProtocol) -> ::Result<()>>(mut write_fn: F) {
+        let (trans, _, mut o_prot) = test_objects();
+        assert!(write_fn(&mut o_prot).is_ok());
+        assert_eq!(trans.borrow().write_buffer_as_ref().len(), 0);
+    }
+}