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Posted to commits@nifi.apache.org by al...@apache.org on 2017/05/04 19:10:40 UTC

[32/51] [abbrv] [partial] nifi-minifi-cpp git commit: MINIFI-293 Remove thirdparty dependencies no longer utilized inclusive of libxml2 and all of civetweb thirdparty

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/nifi-minifi-cpp/blob/b8103f03/thirdparty/civetweb-1.9.1/src/third_party/duktape-1.5.2/src-separate/duk_api_stack.c
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/thirdparty/civetweb-1.9.1/src/third_party/duktape-1.5.2/src-separate/duk_api_stack.c b/thirdparty/civetweb-1.9.1/src/third_party/duktape-1.5.2/src-separate/duk_api_stack.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e8ff3e..0000000
--- a/thirdparty/civetweb-1.9.1/src/third_party/duktape-1.5.2/src-separate/duk_api_stack.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4658 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  API calls related to general value stack manipulation: resizing the value
- *  stack, pushing and popping values, type checking and reading values,
- *  coercing values, etc.
- *
- *  Also contains internal functions (such as duk_get_tval()), defined
- *  in duk_api_internal.h, with semantics similar to the public API.
- */
-
-/* XXX: repetition of stack pre-checks -> helper or macro or inline */
-/* XXX: shared api error strings, and perhaps even throw code for rare cases? */
-
-#include "duk_internal.h"
-
-/*
- *  Forward declarations
- */
-
-DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_idx_t duk__push_c_function_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_c_function func, duk_idx_t nargs, duk_uint_t flags);
-
-/*
- *  Global state for working around missing variadic macros
- */
-
-#ifndef DUK_USE_VARIADIC_MACROS
-DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_api_global_filename = NULL;
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_api_global_line = 0;
-#endif
-
-/*
- *  Misc helpers
- */
-
-/* Check that there's room to push one value. */
-#if defined(DUK_USE_VALSTACK_UNSAFE)
-/* Faster but value stack overruns are memory unsafe. */
-#define DUK__CHECK_SPACE() do { \
-		DUK_ASSERT(!(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end)); \
-	} while (0)
-#else
-#define DUK__CHECK_SPACE() do { \
-		if (DUK_UNLIKELY(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_end)) { \
-			DUK_ERROR_API(thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK); \
-		} \
-	} while (0)
-#endif
-
-DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_heaphdr *duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_uint_t tag);
-
-DUK_LOCAL duk_int_t duk__api_coerce_d2i(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_bool_t require) {
-	duk_hthread *thr;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_small_int_t c;
-	duk_double_t d;
-
-	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv == NULL) {
-		goto error_notnumber;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 *  Special cases like NaN and +/- Infinity are handled explicitly
-	 *  because a plain C coercion from double to int handles these cases
-	 *  in undesirable ways.  For instance, NaN may coerce to INT_MIN
-	 *  (not zero), and INT_MAX + 1 may coerce to INT_MIN (not INT_MAX).
-	 *
-	 *  This double-to-int coercion differs from ToInteger() because it
-	 *  has a finite range (ToInteger() allows e.g. +/- Infinity).  It
-	 *  also differs from ToInt32() because the INT_MIN/INT_MAX clamping
-	 *  depends on the size of the int type on the platform.  In particular,
-	 *  on platforms with a 64-bit int type, the full range is allowed.
-	 */
-
-#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
-	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv)) {
-		duk_int64_t t = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv);
-#if (DUK_INT_MAX <= 0x7fffffffL)
-		/* Clamping only necessary for 32-bit ints. */
-		if (t < DUK_INT_MIN) {
-			t = DUK_INT_MIN;
-		} else if (t > DUK_INT_MAX) {
-			t = DUK_INT_MAX;
-		}
-#endif
-		return (duk_int_t) t;
-	}
-#endif
-
-	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
-		d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
-		c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d);
-		if (c == DUK_FP_NAN) {
-			return 0;
-		} else if (d < (duk_double_t) DUK_INT_MIN) {
-			/* covers -Infinity */
-			return DUK_INT_MIN;
-		} else if (d > (duk_double_t) DUK_INT_MAX) {
-			/* covers +Infinity */
-			return DUK_INT_MAX;
-		} else {
-			/* coerce towards zero */
-			return (duk_int_t) d;
-		}
-	}
-
- error_notnumber:
-
-	if (require) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "number", DUK_STR_NOT_NUMBER);
-		/* not reachable */
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-DUK_LOCAL duk_uint_t duk__api_coerce_d2ui(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_bool_t require) {
-	duk_hthread *thr;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_small_int_t c;
-	duk_double_t d;
-
-	/* Same as above but for unsigned int range. */
-
-	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv == NULL) {
-		goto error_notnumber;
-	}
-
-#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
-	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv)) {
-		duk_int64_t t = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv);
-		if (t < 0) {
-			t = 0;
-		}
-#if (DUK_UINT_MAX <= 0xffffffffUL)
-		/* Clamping only necessary for 32-bit ints. */
-		else if (t > DUK_UINT_MAX) {
-			t = DUK_UINT_MAX;
-		}
-#endif
-		return (duk_uint_t) t;
-	}
-#endif
-
-	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
-		d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
-		c = (duk_small_int_t) DUK_FPCLASSIFY(d);
-		if (c == DUK_FP_NAN) {
-			return 0;
-		} else if (d < 0.0) {
-			/* covers -Infinity */
-			return (duk_uint_t) 0;
-		} else if (d > (duk_double_t) DUK_UINT_MAX) {
-			/* covers +Infinity */
-			return (duk_uint_t) DUK_UINT_MAX;
-		} else {
-			/* coerce towards zero */
-			return (duk_uint_t) d;
-		}
-	}
-
- error_notnumber:
-
-	if (require) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "number", DUK_STR_NOT_NUMBER);
-		/* not reachable */
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- *  Stack index validation/normalization and getting a stack duk_tval ptr.
- *
- *  These are called by many API entrypoints so the implementations must be
- *  fast and "inlined".
- *
- *  There's some repetition because of this; keep the functions in sync.
- */
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_normalize_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_uidx_t vs_size;
-	duk_uidx_t uindex;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);
-
-	/* Care must be taken to avoid pointer wrapping in the index
-	 * validation.  For instance, on a 32-bit platform with 8-byte
-	 * duk_tval the index 0x20000000UL would wrap the memory space
-	 * once.
-	 */
-
-	/* Assume value stack sizes (in elements) fits into duk_idx_t. */
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
-	vs_size = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
-	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(vs_size >= 0);  /* unsigned */
-
-	if (index < 0) {
-		uindex = vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) index;
-	} else {
-		/* since index non-negative */
-		DUK_ASSERT(index != DUK_INVALID_INDEX);
-		uindex = (duk_uidx_t) index;
-	}
-
-	/* DUK_INVALID_INDEX won't be accepted as a valid index. */
-	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_size);
-
-	if (DUK_LIKELY(uindex < vs_size)) {
-		return (duk_idx_t) uindex;
-	}
-	return DUK_INVALID_INDEX;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_require_normalize_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_uidx_t vs_size;
-	duk_uidx_t uindex;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);
-
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
-	vs_size = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
-	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(vs_size >= 0);  /* unsigned */
-
-	if (index < 0) {
-		uindex = vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) index;
-	} else {
-		DUK_ASSERT(index != DUK_INVALID_INDEX);
-		uindex = (duk_uidx_t) index;
-	}
-
-	/* DUK_INVALID_INDEX won't be accepted as a valid index. */
-	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_size);
-
-	if (DUK_LIKELY(uindex < vs_size)) {
-		return (duk_idx_t) uindex;
-	}
-	DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, index);
-	return 0;  /* unreachable */
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_get_tval(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_uidx_t vs_size;
-	duk_uidx_t uindex;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);
-
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
-	vs_size = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
-	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(vs_size >= 0);  /* unsigned */
-
-	if (index < 0) {
-		uindex = vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) index;
-	} else {
-		DUK_ASSERT(index != DUK_INVALID_INDEX);
-		uindex = (duk_uidx_t) index;
-	}
-
-	/* DUK_INVALID_INDEX won't be accepted as a valid index. */
-	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_size);
-
-	if (DUK_LIKELY(uindex < vs_size)) {
-		return thr->valstack_bottom + uindex;
-	}
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_require_tval(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_uidx_t vs_size;
-	duk_uidx_t uindex;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);
-
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
-	vs_size = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
-	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(vs_size >= 0);  /* unsigned */
-
-	/* Use unsigned arithmetic to optimize comparison. */
-	if (index < 0) {
-		uindex = vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) index;
-	} else {
-		DUK_ASSERT(index != DUK_INVALID_INDEX);
-		uindex = (duk_uidx_t) index;
-	}
-
-	/* DUK_INVALID_INDEX won't be accepted as a valid index. */
-	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_size);
-
-	if (DUK_LIKELY(uindex < vs_size)) {
-		return thr->valstack_bottom + uindex;
-	}
-	DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, index);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/* Non-critical. */
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_valid_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);
-
-	return (duk_normalize_index(ctx, index) >= 0);
-}
-
-/* Non-critical. */
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_valid_index(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);
-
-	if (duk_normalize_index(ctx, index) < 0) {
-		DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, index);
-		return;  /* unreachable */
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- *  Value stack top handling
- */
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_get_top(duk_context *ctx) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	return (duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
-}
-
-/* Set stack top within currently allocated range, but don't reallocate.
- * This is performance critical especially for call handling, so whenever
- * changing, profile and look at generated code.
- */
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_set_top(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_uidx_t vs_size;
-	duk_uidx_t vs_limit;
-	duk_uidx_t uindex;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_INVALID_INDEX < 0);
-
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_bottom);
-	vs_size = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom);
-	vs_limit = (duk_uidx_t) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack_bottom);
-
-	if (index < 0) {
-		/* Negative indices are always within allocated stack but
-		 * must not go below zero index.
-		 */
-		uindex = vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) index;
-	} else {
-		/* Positive index can be higher than valstack top but must
-		 * not go above allocated stack (equality is OK).
-		 */
-		uindex = (duk_uidx_t) index;
-	}
-
-	/* DUK_INVALID_INDEX won't be accepted as a valid index. */
-	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_size);
-	DUK_ASSERT(vs_size + (duk_uidx_t) DUK_INVALID_INDEX >= vs_limit);
-
-#if defined(DUK_USE_VALSTACK_UNSAFE)
-	DUK_ASSERT(uindex <= vs_limit);
-	DUK_UNREF(vs_limit);
-#else
-	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(uindex > vs_limit)) {
-		DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, index);
-		return;  /* unreachable */
-	}
-#endif
-	DUK_ASSERT(uindex <= vs_limit);
-
-	/* Handle change in value stack top.  Respect value stack
-	 * initialization policy: 'undefined' above top.  Note that
-	 * DECREF may cause a side effect that reallocates valstack,
-	 * so must relookup after DECREF.
-	 */
-
-	if (uindex >= vs_size) {
-		/* Stack size increases or stays the same. */
-#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
-		duk_uidx_t count;
-
-		count = uindex - vs_size;
-		while (count != 0) {
-			count--;
-			tv = thr->valstack_top + count;
-			DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv));
-		}
-#endif
-		thr->valstack_top = thr->valstack_bottom + uindex;
-	} else {
-		/* Stack size decreases. */
-#if defined(DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING)
-		duk_uidx_t count;
-
-		count = vs_size - uindex;
-		DUK_ASSERT(count > 0);
-		while (count > 0) {
-			count--;
-			tv = --thr->valstack_top;  /* tv -> value just before prev top value; must relookup */
-			DUK_ASSERT(tv >= thr->valstack_bottom);
-			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
-		}
-#else  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */
-		duk_uidx_t count;
-		duk_tval *tv_end;
-
-		count = vs_size - uindex;
-		tv = thr->valstack_top;
-		tv_end = tv - count;
-		DUK_ASSERT(tv > tv_end);
-		do {
-			tv--;
-			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv);
-		} while (tv != tv_end);
-		thr->valstack_top = tv_end;
-#endif  /* DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING */
-	}
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_get_top_index(duk_context *ctx) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_idx_t ret;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	ret = ((duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom)) - 1;
-	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(ret < 0)) {
-		/* Return invalid index; if caller uses this without checking
-		 * in another API call, the index won't map to a valid stack
-		 * entry.
-		 */
-		return DUK_INVALID_INDEX;
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_idx_t duk_require_top_index(duk_context *ctx) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_idx_t ret;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	ret = ((duk_idx_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom)) - 1;
-	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(ret < 0)) {
-		DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, -1);
-		return 0;  /* unreachable */
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-
-/*
- *  Value stack resizing.
- *
- *  This resizing happens above the current "top": the value stack can be
- *  grown or shrunk, but the "top" is not affected.  The value stack cannot
- *  be resized to a size below the current "top".
- *
- *  The low level reallocation primitive must carefully recompute all value
- *  stack pointers, and must also work if ALL pointers are NULL.  The resize
- *  is quite tricky because the valstack realloc may cause a mark-and-sweep,
- *  which may run finalizers.  Running finalizers may resize the valstack
- *  recursively (the same value stack we're working on).  So, after realloc
- *  returns, we know that the valstack "top" should still be the same (there
- *  should not be live values above the "top"), but its underlying size and
- *  pointer may have changed.
- */
-
-/* XXX: perhaps refactor this to allow caller to specify some parameters, or
- * at least a 'compact' flag which skips any spare or round-up .. useful for
- * emergency gc.
- */
-
-DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__resize_valstack(duk_context *ctx, duk_size_t new_size) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_ptrdiff_t old_bottom_offset;
-	duk_ptrdiff_t old_top_offset;
-	duk_ptrdiff_t old_end_offset_post;
-#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
-	duk_ptrdiff_t old_end_offset_pre;
-	duk_tval *old_valstack_pre;
-	duk_tval *old_valstack_post;
-#endif
-	duk_tval *new_valstack;
-	duk_size_t new_alloc_size;
-	duk_tval *p;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);
-	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack) <= new_size);  /* can't resize below 'top' */
-	DUK_ASSERT(new_size <= thr->valstack_max);  /* valstack limit caller has check, prevents wrapping */
-	DUK_ASSERT(new_size <= DUK_SIZE_MAX / sizeof(duk_tval));  /* specific assert for wrapping */
-
-	/* get pointer offsets for tweaking below */
-	old_bottom_offset = (((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_bottom) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack));
-	old_top_offset = (((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_top) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack));
-#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
-	old_end_offset_pre = (((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_end) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack));  /* not very useful, used for debugging */
-	old_valstack_pre = thr->valstack;
-#endif
-
-	/* Allocate a new valstack.
-	 *
-	 * Note: cannot use a plain DUK_REALLOC() because a mark-and-sweep may
-	 * invalidate the original thr->valstack base pointer inside the realloc
-	 * process.  See doc/memory-management.rst.
-	 */
-
-	new_alloc_size = sizeof(duk_tval) * new_size;
-	new_valstack = (duk_tval *) DUK_REALLOC_INDIRECT(thr->heap, duk_hthread_get_valstack_ptr, (void *) thr, new_alloc_size);
-	if (!new_valstack) {
-		/* Because new_size != 0, if condition doesn't need to be
-		 * (new_valstack != NULL || new_size == 0).
-		 */
-		DUK_ASSERT(new_size != 0);
-		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("failed to resize valstack to %lu entries (%lu bytes)",
-		                 (unsigned long) new_size, (unsigned long) new_alloc_size));
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/* Note: the realloc may have triggered a mark-and-sweep which may
-	 * have resized our valstack internally.  However, the mark-and-sweep
-	 * MUST NOT leave the stack bottom/top in a different state.  Particular
-	 * assumptions and facts:
-	 *
-	 *   - The thr->valstack pointer may be different after realloc,
-	 *     and the offset between thr->valstack_end <-> thr->valstack
-	 *     may have changed.
-	 *   - The offset between thr->valstack_bottom <-> thr->valstack
-	 *     and thr->valstack_top <-> thr->valstack MUST NOT have changed,
-	 *     because mark-and-sweep must adhere to a strict stack policy.
-	 *     In other words, logical bottom and top MUST NOT have changed.
-	 *   - All values above the top are unreachable but are initialized
-	 *     to UNDEFINED, up to the post-realloc valstack_end.
-	 *   - 'old_end_offset' must be computed after realloc to be correct.
-	 */
-
-	DUK_ASSERT((((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_bottom) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack)) == old_bottom_offset);
-	DUK_ASSERT((((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_top) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack)) == old_top_offset);
-
-	/* success, fixup pointers */
-	old_end_offset_post = (((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack_end) - ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack));  /* must be computed after realloc */
-#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
-	old_valstack_post = thr->valstack;
-#endif
-	thr->valstack = new_valstack;
-	thr->valstack_end = new_valstack + new_size;
-#if !defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
-	thr->valstack_size = new_size;
-#endif
-	thr->valstack_bottom = (duk_tval *) (void *) ((duk_uint8_t *) new_valstack + old_bottom_offset);
-	thr->valstack_top = (duk_tval *) (void *) ((duk_uint8_t *) new_valstack + old_top_offset);
-
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);
-
-	/* useful for debugging */
-#ifdef DUK_USE_DEBUG
-	if (old_end_offset_pre != old_end_offset_post) {
-		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("valstack was resized during valstack_resize(), probably by mark-and-sweep; "
-		                 "end offset changed: %lu -> %lu",
-		                 (unsigned long) old_end_offset_pre,
-		                 (unsigned long) old_end_offset_post));
-	}
-	if (old_valstack_pre != old_valstack_post) {
-		DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("valstack pointer changed during valstack_resize(), probably by mark-and-sweep: %p -> %p",
-		                 (void *) old_valstack_pre,
-		                 (void *) old_valstack_post));
-	}
-#endif
-
-	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resized valstack to %lu elements (%lu bytes), bottom=%ld, top=%ld, "
-	                   "new pointers: start=%p end=%p bottom=%p top=%p",
-	                   (unsigned long) new_size, (unsigned long) new_alloc_size,
-	                   (long) (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack),
-	                   (long) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack),
-	                   (void *) thr->valstack, (void *) thr->valstack_end,
-	                   (void *) thr->valstack_bottom, (void *) thr->valstack_top));
-
-	/* Init newly allocated slots (only). */
-	p = (duk_tval *) (void *) ((duk_uint8_t *) thr->valstack + old_end_offset_post);
-	while (p < thr->valstack_end) {
-		/* Never executed if new size is smaller. */
-		DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(p);
-		p++;
-	}
-
-	/* Assert for value stack initialization policy. */
-#if defined(DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS)
-	p = thr->valstack_top;
-	while (p < thr->valstack_end) {
-		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(p));
-		p++;
-	}
-#endif
-
-	return 1;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL
-duk_bool_t duk_valstack_resize_raw(duk_context *ctx,
-                                   duk_size_t min_new_size,
-                                   duk_small_uint_t flags) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_size_t old_size;
-	duk_size_t new_size;
-	duk_bool_t is_shrink = 0;
-	duk_small_uint_t shrink_flag = (flags & DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_SHRINK);
-	duk_small_uint_t compact_flag = (flags & DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_COMPACT);
-	duk_small_uint_t throw_flag = (flags & DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW);
-
-	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("check valstack resize: min_new_size=%lu, curr_size=%ld, curr_top=%ld, "
-	                     "curr_bottom=%ld, shrink=%d, compact=%d, throw=%d",
-	                     (unsigned long) min_new_size,
-	                     (long) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack),
-	                     (long) (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack),
-	                     (long) (thr->valstack_bottom - thr->valstack),
-	                     (int) shrink_flag, (int) compact_flag, (int) throw_flag));
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_bottom >= thr->valstack);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_top >= thr->valstack_bottom);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr->valstack_end >= thr->valstack_top);
-
-#if defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE)
-	old_size = (duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack);
-#else
-	DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) (thr->valstack_end - thr->valstack) == thr->valstack_size);
-	old_size = thr->valstack_size;
-#endif
-
-	if (min_new_size <= old_size) {
-		is_shrink = 1;
-		if (!shrink_flag ||
-		    old_size - min_new_size < DUK_VALSTACK_SHRINK_THRESHOLD) {
-			DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no need to grow or shrink valstack"));
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	new_size = min_new_size;
-	if (!compact_flag) {
-		if (is_shrink) {
-			/* shrink case; leave some spare */
-			new_size += DUK_VALSTACK_SHRINK_SPARE;
-		}
-
-		/* round up roughly to next 'grow step' */
-		new_size = (new_size / DUK_VALSTACK_GROW_STEP + 1) * DUK_VALSTACK_GROW_STEP;
-	}
-
-	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("want to %s valstack: %lu -> %lu elements (min_new_size %lu)",
-	                   (const char *) (new_size > old_size ? "grow" : "shrink"),
-	                   (unsigned long) old_size, (unsigned long) new_size,
-	                   (unsigned long) min_new_size));
-
-	if (new_size > thr->valstack_max) {
-		/* Note: may be triggered even if minimal new_size would not reach the limit,
-		 * plan limit accordingly (taking DUK_VALSTACK_GROW_STEP into account).
-		 */
-		if (throw_flag) {
-			DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_VALSTACK_LIMIT);
-		} else {
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 *  When resizing the valstack, a mark-and-sweep may be triggered for
-	 *  the allocation of the new valstack.  If the mark-and-sweep needs
-	 *  to use our thread for something, it may cause *the same valstack*
-	 *  to be resized recursively.  This happens e.g. when mark-and-sweep
-	 *  finalizers are called.  This is taken into account carefully in
-	 *  duk__resize_valstack().
-	 *
-	 *  'new_size' is known to be <= valstack_max, which ensures that
-	 *  size_t and pointer arithmetic won't wrap in duk__resize_valstack().
-	 */
-
-	if (!duk__resize_valstack(ctx, new_size)) {
-		if (is_shrink) {
-			DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("valstack resize failed, but is a shrink, ignore"));
-			return 1;
-		}
-
-		DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("valstack resize failed"));
-
-		if (throw_flag) {
-			DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
-		} else {
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("valstack resize successful"));
-	return 1;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_check_stack(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t extra) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_size_t min_new_size;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
-
-	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(extra < 0)) {
-		/* Clamping to zero makes the API more robust to calling code
-		 * calculation errors.
-		 */
-		extra = 0;
-	}
-
-	min_new_size = (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack) + extra + DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA;
-	return duk_valstack_resize_raw(ctx,
-	                               min_new_size,         /* min_new_size */
-	                               0 /* no shrink */ |   /* flags */
-	                               0 /* no compact */ |
-	                               0 /* no throw */);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_stack(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t extra) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_size_t min_new_size;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
-
-	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(extra < 0)) {
-		/* Clamping to zero makes the API more robust to calling code
-		 * calculation errors.
-		 */
-		extra = 0;
-	}
-
-	min_new_size = (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack) + extra + DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA;
-	(void) duk_valstack_resize_raw(ctx,
-	                               min_new_size,  /* min_new_size */
-	                               0 /* no shrink */ |   /* flags */
-	                               0 /* no compact */ |
-	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_check_stack_top(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t top) {
-	duk_size_t min_new_size;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(top < 0)) {
-		/* Clamping to zero makes the API more robust to calling code
-		 * calculation errors.
-		 */
-		top = 0;
-	}
-
-	min_new_size = top + DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA;
-	return duk_valstack_resize_raw(ctx,
-	                               min_new_size,  /* min_new_size */
-	                               0 /* no shrink */ |   /* flags */
-	                               0 /* no compact */ |
-	                               0 /* no throw */);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_stack_top(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t top) {
-	duk_size_t min_new_size;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	if (DUK_UNLIKELY(top < 0)) {
-		/* Clamping to zero makes the API more robust to calling code
-		 * calculation errors.
-		 */
-		top = 0;
-	}
-
-	min_new_size = top + DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA;
-	(void) duk_valstack_resize_raw(ctx,
-	                               min_new_size,  /* min_new_size */
-	                               0 /* no shrink */ |   /* flags */
-	                               0 /* no compact */ |
-	                               DUK_VSRESIZE_FLAG_THROW);
-}
-
-/*
- *  Basic stack manipulation: swap, dup, insert, replace, etc
- */
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_swap(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index1, duk_idx_t index2) {
-	duk_tval *tv1;
-	duk_tval *tv2;
-	duk_tval tv_tmp;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv1 = duk_require_tval(ctx, index1);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv1 != NULL);
-	tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, index2);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv2 != NULL);
-
-	/* If tv1==tv2 this is a NOP, no check is needed */
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, tv1);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv1, tv2);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv2, &tv_tmp);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_swap_top(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	duk_swap(ctx, index, -1);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_dup(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t from_index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr;
-	duk_tval *tv_from;
-	duk_tval *tv_to;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
-
-	tv_from = duk_require_tval(ctx, from_index);
-	tv_to = thr->valstack_top++;
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv_from != NULL);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv_to != NULL);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv_to, tv_from);
-	DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv_to);  /* no side effects */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_dup_top(duk_context *ctx) {
-	duk_hthread *thr;
-	duk_tval *tv_from;
-	duk_tval *tv_to;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
-
-	if (thr->valstack_top - thr->valstack_bottom <= 0) {
-		DUK_ERROR_API_INDEX(thr, -1);
-		return;  /* unreachable */
-	}
-	tv_from = thr->valstack_top - 1;
-	tv_to = thr->valstack_top++;
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv_from != NULL);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv_to != NULL);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv_to, tv_from);
-	DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv_to);  /* no side effects */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_insert(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t to_index) {
-	duk_tval *p;
-	duk_tval *q;
-	duk_tval tv_tmp;
-	duk_size_t nbytes;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	p = duk_require_tval(ctx, to_index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(p != NULL);
-	q = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
-	DUK_ASSERT(q != NULL);
-
-	DUK_ASSERT(q >= p);
-
-	/*              nbytes
-	 *           <--------->
-	 *    [ ... | p | x | x | q ]
-	 * => [ ... | q | p | x | x ]
-	 */
-
-	nbytes = (duk_size_t) (((duk_uint8_t *) q) - ((duk_uint8_t *) p));  /* Note: 'q' is top-1 */
-
-	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk_insert: to_index=%ld, p=%p, q=%p, nbytes=%lu",
-	                     (long) to_index, (void *) p, (void *) q, (unsigned long) nbytes));
-
-	/* No net refcount changes. */
-
-	if (nbytes > 0) {
-		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, q);
-		DUK_ASSERT(nbytes > 0);
-		DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) (p + 1), (const void *) p, (size_t) nbytes);
-		DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(p, &tv_tmp);
-	} else {
-		/* nop: insert top to top */
-		DUK_ASSERT(nbytes == 0);
-		DUK_ASSERT(p == q);
-	}
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_replace(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t to_index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv1;
-	duk_tval *tv2;
-	duk_tval tv_tmp;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv1 = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv1 != NULL);
-	tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, to_index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv2 != NULL);
-
-	/* For tv1 == tv2, both pointing to stack top, the end result
-	 * is same as duk_pop(ctx).
-	 */
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, tv2);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv2, tv1);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv1);
-	thr->valstack_top--;
-	DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr, &tv_tmp);  /* side effects */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_copy(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t from_index, duk_idx_t to_index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv1;
-	duk_tval *tv2;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_UNREF(thr);  /* w/o refcounting */
-
-	tv1 = duk_require_tval(ctx, from_index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv1 != NULL);
-	tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, to_index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv2 != NULL);
-
-	/* For tv1 == tv2, this is a no-op (no explicit check needed). */
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv2, tv1);  /* side effects */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_remove(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *p;
-	duk_tval *q;
-#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
-	duk_tval tv_tmp;
-#endif
-	duk_size_t nbytes;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	p = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(p != NULL);
-	q = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
-	DUK_ASSERT(q != NULL);
-
-	DUK_ASSERT(q >= p);
-
-	/*              nbytes            zero size case
-	 *           <--------->
-	 *    [ ... | p | x | x | q ]     [ ... | p==q ]
-	 * => [ ... | x | x | q ]         [ ... ]
-	 */
-
-#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
-	/* use a temp: decref only when valstack reachable values are correct */
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, p);
-#endif
-
-	nbytes = (duk_size_t) (((duk_uint8_t *) q) - ((duk_uint8_t *) p));  /* Note: 'q' is top-1 */
-	DUK_MEMMOVE((void *) p, (const void *) (p + 1), (size_t) nbytes);  /* zero size not an issue: pointers are valid */
-
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(q);
-	thr->valstack_top--;
-
-#ifdef DUK_USE_REFERENCE_COUNTING
-	DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr, &tv_tmp);  /* side effects */
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- *  Stack slice primitives
- */
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_xcopymove_raw(duk_context *to_ctx, duk_context *from_ctx, duk_idx_t count, duk_bool_t is_copy) {
-	duk_hthread *to_thr = (duk_hthread *) to_ctx;
-	duk_hthread *from_thr = (duk_hthread *) from_ctx;
-	void *src;
-	duk_size_t nbytes;
-	duk_tval *p;
-	duk_tval *q;
-
-	/* XXX: several pointer comparison issues here */
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(to_ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(from_ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(to_ctx != NULL);
-	DUK_ASSERT(from_ctx != NULL);
-
-	if (to_ctx == from_ctx) {
-		DUK_ERROR_API(to_thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_CONTEXT);
-		return;
-	}
-	if ((count < 0) ||
-	    (count > (duk_idx_t) to_thr->valstack_max)) {
-		/* Maximum value check ensures 'nbytes' won't wrap below. */
-		DUK_ERROR_API(to_thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_COUNT);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	nbytes = sizeof(duk_tval) * count;
-	if (nbytes == 0) {
-		return;
-	}
-	DUK_ASSERT(to_thr->valstack_top <= to_thr->valstack_end);
-	if ((duk_size_t) ((duk_uint8_t *) to_thr->valstack_end - (duk_uint8_t *) to_thr->valstack_top) < nbytes) {
-		DUK_ERROR_API(to_thr, DUK_STR_PUSH_BEYOND_ALLOC_STACK);
-	}
-	src = (void *) ((duk_uint8_t *) from_thr->valstack_top - nbytes);
-	if (src < (void *) from_thr->valstack_bottom) {
-		DUK_ERROR_API(to_thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_COUNT);
-	}
-
-	/* copy values (no overlap even if to_ctx == from_ctx; that's not
-	 * allowed now anyway)
-	 */
-	DUK_ASSERT(nbytes > 0);
-	DUK_MEMCPY((void *) to_thr->valstack_top, (const void *) src, (size_t) nbytes);
-
-	p = to_thr->valstack_top;
-	to_thr->valstack_top = (duk_tval *) (void *) (((duk_uint8_t *) p) + nbytes);
-
-	if (is_copy) {
-		/* Incref copies, keep originals. */
-		q = to_thr->valstack_top;
-		while (p < q) {
-			DUK_TVAL_INCREF(to_thr, p);  /* no side effects */
-			p++;
-		}
-	} else {
-		/* No net refcount change. */
-		p = from_thr->valstack_top;
-		q = (duk_tval *) (void *) (((duk_uint8_t *) p) - nbytes);
-		from_thr->valstack_top = q;
-
-		while (p > q) {
-			p--;
-			DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(p);
-			/* XXX: fast primitive to set a bunch of values to UNDEFINED */
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- *  Get/require
- */
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_undefined(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv)) {
-		return;
-	}
-	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "undefined", DUK_STR_NOT_UNDEFINED);
-	return;  /* not reachable */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_null(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_NULL(tv)) {
-		return;
-	}
-	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "null", DUK_STR_NOT_NULL);
-	return;  /* not reachable */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_get_boolean(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_bool_t ret = 0;  /* default: false */
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN(tv)) {
-		ret = DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv);
-	}
-
-	DUK_ASSERT(ret == 0 || ret == 1);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_require_boolean(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BOOLEAN(tv)) {
-		duk_bool_t ret = DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(ret == 0 || ret == 1);
-		return ret;
-	}
-	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "boolean", DUK_STR_NOT_BOOLEAN);
-	return 0;  /* not reachable */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_double_t duk_get_number(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_double_union ret;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	ret.d = DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;  /* default: NaN */
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
-		ret.d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 *  Number should already be in NaN-normalized form, but let's
-	 *  normalize anyway.
-	 */
-
-	DUK_DBLUNION_NORMALIZE_NAN_CHECK(&ret);
-	return ret.d;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_double_t duk_require_number(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
-		duk_double_union ret;
-		ret.d = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
-
-		/*
-		 *  Number should already be in NaN-normalized form,
-		 *  but let's normalize anyway.
-		 */
-
-		DUK_DBLUNION_NORMALIZE_NAN_CHECK(&ret);
-		return ret.d;
-	}
-	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "number", DUK_STR_NOT_NUMBER);
-	return DUK_DOUBLE_NAN;  /* not reachable */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_get_int(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	/* Custom coercion for API */
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return (duk_int_t) duk__api_coerce_d2i(ctx, index, 0 /*require*/);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint_t duk_get_uint(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	/* Custom coercion for API */
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return (duk_uint_t) duk__api_coerce_d2ui(ctx, index, 0 /*require*/);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_require_int(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	/* Custom coercion for API */
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return (duk_int_t) duk__api_coerce_d2i(ctx, index, 1 /*require*/);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint_t duk_require_uint(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	/* Custom coercion for API */
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return (duk_uint_t) duk__api_coerce_d2ui(ctx, index, 1 /*require*/);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_get_lstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_len) {
-	const char *ret;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	/* default: NULL, length 0 */
-	ret = NULL;
-	if (out_len) {
-		*out_len = 0;
-	}
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv)) {
-		/* Here we rely on duk_hstring instances always being zero
-		 * terminated even if the actual string is not.
-		 */
-		duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		ret = (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h);
-		if (out_len) {
-			*out_len = DUK_HSTRING_GET_BYTELEN(h);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_require_lstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_len) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	const char *ret;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	/* Note: this check relies on the fact that even a zero-size string
-	 * has a non-NULL pointer.
-	 */
-	ret = duk_get_lstring(ctx, index, out_len);
-	if (ret) {
-		return ret;
-	}
-	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "string", DUK_STR_NOT_STRING);
-	return NULL;  /* not reachable */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_get_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	return duk_get_lstring(ctx, index, NULL);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_require_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	return duk_require_lstring(ctx, index, NULL);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_get_pointer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_POINTER(tv)) {
-		void *p = DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv);  /* may be NULL */
-		return (void *) p;
-	}
-
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_require_pointer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	/* Note: here we must be wary of the fact that a pointer may be
-	 * valid and be a NULL.
-	 */
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_POINTER(tv)) {
-		void *p = DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv);  /* may be NULL */
-		return (void *) p;
-	}
-	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "pointer", DUK_STR_NOT_POINTER);
-	return NULL;  /* not reachable */
-}
-
-#if 0  /*unused*/
-DUK_INTERNAL void *duk_get_voidptr(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv)) {
-		duk_heaphdr *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		return (void *) h;
-	}
-
-	return NULL;
-}
-#endif
-
-DUK_LOCAL void *duk__get_buffer_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size, duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_UNREF(thr);
-
-	if (out_size != NULL) {
-		*out_size = 0;
-	}
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
-		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		if (out_size) {
-			*out_size = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h);
-		}
-		return (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h);  /* may be NULL (but only if size is 0) */
-	}
-
-	if (throw_flag) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "buffer", DUK_STR_NOT_BUFFER);
-	}
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_get_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size) {
-	return duk__get_buffer_helper(ctx, index, out_size, 0 /*throw_flag*/);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_require_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size) {
-	return duk__get_buffer_helper(ctx, index, out_size, 1 /*throw_flag*/);
-}
-
-DUK_LOCAL void *duk__get_buffer_data_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size, duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_UNREF(thr);
-
-	if (out_size != NULL) {
-		*out_size = 0;
-	}
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv == NULL) {
-		goto fail;
-	}
-
-	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
-		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		if (out_size) {
-			*out_size = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h);
-		}
-		return (void *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h);  /* may be NULL (but only if size is 0) */
-	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
-		duk_hobject *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h)) {
-			/* XXX: this is probably a useful shared helper: for a
-			 * duk_hbufferobject, get a validated buffer pointer/length.
-			 */
-			duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) h;
-			DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);
-
-			if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL &&
-			    DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_SLICE(h_bufobj)) {
-				duk_uint8_t *p;
-
-				p = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufobj->buf);
-				if (out_size != NULL) {
-					*out_size = (duk_size_t) h_bufobj->length;
-				}
-				return (void *) (p + h_bufobj->offset);
-			}
-			/* if slice not fully valid, treat as error */
-		}
-	}
-
- fail:
-	if (throw_flag) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "buffer", DUK_STR_NOT_BUFFER);
-	}
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_get_buffer_data(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size) {
-	return duk__get_buffer_data_helper(ctx, index, out_size, 0 /*throw_flag*/);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_require_buffer_data(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size) {
-	return duk__get_buffer_data_helper(ctx, index, out_size, 1 /*throw_flag*/);
-}
-
-/* Raw helper for getting a value from the stack, checking its tag.
- * The tag cannot be a number because numbers don't have an internal
- * tag in the packed representation.
- */
-
-DUK_LOCAL duk_heaphdr *duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_uint_t tag) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv) == tag)) {
-		duk_heaphdr *ret;
-		ret = DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(ret != NULL);  /* tagged null pointers should never occur */
-		return ret;
-	}
-
-	return (duk_heaphdr *) NULL;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_get_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	return (duk_hstring *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_STRING);
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_require_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_heaphdr *h;
-	h = duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_STRING);
-	if (h == NULL) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(ctx, index, "string", DUK_STR_NOT_STRING);
-	}
-	return (duk_hstring *) h;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	return (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_heaphdr *h;
-	h = duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
-	if (h == NULL) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(ctx, index, "object", DUK_STR_NOT_OBJECT);
-	}
-	return (duk_hobject *) h;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hbuffer *duk_get_hbuffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	return (duk_hbuffer *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_BUFFER);
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hbuffer *duk_require_hbuffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_heaphdr *h;
-	h = duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_BUFFER);
-	if (h == NULL) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(ctx, index, "buffer", DUK_STR_NOT_BUFFER);
-	}
-	return (duk_hbuffer *) h;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hthread *duk_get_hthread(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
-	if (h != NULL && !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h)) {
-		h = NULL;
-	}
-	return (duk_hthread *) h;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hthread *duk_require_hthread(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
-	if (!(h != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h))) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "thread", DUK_STR_NOT_THREAD);
-	}
-	return (duk_hthread *) h;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hcompiledfunction *duk_get_hcompiledfunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
-	if (h != NULL && !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)) {
-		h = NULL;
-	}
-	return (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hcompiledfunction *duk_require_hcompiledfunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
-	if (!(h != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h))) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "compiledfunction", DUK_STR_NOT_COMPILEDFUNCTION);
-	}
-	return (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hnativefunction *duk_get_hnativefunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
-	if (h != NULL && !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
-		h = NULL;
-	}
-	return (duk_hnativefunction *) h;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hnativefunction *duk_require_hnativefunction(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_hobject *h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
-	if (!(h != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h))) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "nativefunction", DUK_STR_NOT_NATIVEFUNCTION);
-	}
-	return (duk_hnativefunction *) h;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_c_function duk_get_c_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_hobject *h;
-	duk_hnativefunction *f;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (!tv) {
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
-	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-
-	if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h));
-	f = (duk_hnativefunction *) h;
-
-	return f->func;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_c_function duk_require_c_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_c_function ret;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	ret = duk_get_c_function(ctx, index);
-	if (!ret) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "nativefunction", DUK_STR_NOT_NATIVEFUNCTION);
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_require_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	if (!duk_is_function(ctx, index)) {
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX((duk_hthread *) ctx, index, "function", DUK_STR_NOT_FUNCTION);
-	}
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_context *duk_get_context(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	return (duk_context *) duk_get_hthread(ctx, index);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_context *duk_require_context(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	return (duk_context *) duk_require_hthread(ctx, index);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_get_heapptr(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	void *ret;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv)) {
-		ret = (void *) DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(ret != NULL);
-		return ret;
-	}
-
-	return (void *) NULL;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_require_heapptr(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	void *ret;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_HEAP_ALLOCATED(tv)) {
-		ret = (void *) DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(ret != NULL);
-		return ret;
-	}
-
-	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "heapobject", DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_TYPE);
-	return (void *) NULL;  /* not reachable */
-}
-
-#if 0
-/* This would be pointless: we'd return NULL for both lightfuncs and
- * unexpected types.
- */
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Useful for internal call sites where we either expect an object (function)
- * or a lightfunc.  Accepts an object (returned as is) or a lightfunc (coerced
- * to an object).  Return value is NULL if value is neither an object nor a
- * lightfunc.
- */
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
-		return DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
-	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)) {
-		duk_to_object(ctx, index);
-		return duk_require_hobject(ctx, index);
-	}
-
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/* Useful for internal call sites where we either expect an object (function)
- * or a lightfunc.  Returns NULL for a lightfunc.
- */
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
-		return DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
-	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)) {
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "object", DUK_STR_NOT_OBJECT);
-	return NULL;  /* not reachable */
-}
-
-/* Useful for internal call sites where we either expect an object (function)
- * or a lightfunc.  Accepts an object (returned as is) or a lightfunc (coerced
- * to an object).  Return value is never NULL.
- */
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv)) {
-		return DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
-	} else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)) {
-		duk_to_object(ctx, index);
-		return duk_require_hobject(ctx, index);
-	}
-	DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, "object", DUK_STR_NOT_OBJECT);
-	return NULL;  /* not reachable */
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_get_hobject_with_class(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_small_uint_t classnum) {
-	duk_hobject *h;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(classnum >= 0);  /* unsigned */
-	DUK_ASSERT(classnum <= DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_MAX);
-
-	h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
-	if (h != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) != classnum) {
-		h = NULL;
-	}
-	return h;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_require_hobject_with_class(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_small_uint_t classnum) {
-	duk_hthread *thr;
-	duk_hobject *h;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(classnum >= 0);  /* unsigned */
-	DUK_ASSERT(classnum <= DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_MAX);
-	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-
-	h = (duk_hobject *) duk__get_tagged_heaphdr_raw(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
-	if (!(h != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(h) == classnum)) {
-		duk_hstring *h_class;
-		h_class = DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER_TO_STRIDX(classnum));
-		DUK_UNREF(h_class);
-
-		DUK_ERROR_REQUIRE_TYPE_INDEX(thr, index, (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_class), DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_TYPE);
-	}
-	return h;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_size_t duk_get_length(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (!tv) {
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
-	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
-	case DUK_TAG_NULL:
-	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN:
-	case DUK_TAG_POINTER:
-		return 0;
-	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
-		duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		return (duk_size_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h);
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
-		duk_hobject *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		return (duk_size_t) duk_hobject_get_length((duk_hthread *) ctx, h);
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
-		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		return (duk_size_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h);
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
-		duk_small_uint_t lf_flags;
-		lf_flags = DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FLAGS(tv);
-		return (duk_size_t) DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_LENGTH(lf_flags);
-	}
-#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
-	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
-#endif
-	default:
-		/* number */
-		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
-		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL void duk_set_length(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t length) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_hobject *h;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, index);
-	if (!h) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	duk_hobject_set_length(thr, h, (duk_uint32_t) length);  /* XXX: typing */
-}
-
-/*
- *  Conversions and coercions
- *
- *  The conversion/coercions are in-place operations on the value stack.
- *  Some operations are implemented here directly, while others call a
- *  helper in duk_js_ops.c after validating arguments.
- */
-
-/* E5 Section 8.12.8 */
-
-DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__defaultvalue_coerce_attempt(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_small_int_t func_stridx) {
-	if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, index, func_stridx)) {
-		/* [ ... func ] */
-		if (duk_is_callable(ctx, -1)) {
-			duk_dup(ctx, index);         /* -> [ ... func this ] */
-			duk_call_method(ctx, 0);     /* -> [ ... retval ] */
-			if (duk_is_primitive(ctx, -1)) {
-				duk_replace(ctx, index);
-				return 1;
-			}
-			/* [ ... retval ]; popped below */
-		}
-	}
-	duk_pop(ctx);  /* [ ... func/retval ] -> [ ... ] */
-	return 0;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_to_defaultvalue(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t hint) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_hobject *obj;
-	/* inline initializer for coercers[] is not allowed by old compilers like BCC */
-	duk_small_int_t coercers[2];
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
-
-	coercers[0] = DUK_STRIDX_VALUE_OF;
-	coercers[1] = DUK_STRIDX_TO_STRING;
-
-	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
-	obj = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc(ctx, index);
-
-	if (hint == DUK_HINT_NONE) {
-		if (obj != NULL && DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(obj) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_DATE) {
-			hint = DUK_HINT_STRING;
-		} else {
-			hint = DUK_HINT_NUMBER;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (hint == DUK_HINT_STRING) {
-		coercers[0] = DUK_STRIDX_TO_STRING;
-		coercers[1] = DUK_STRIDX_VALUE_OF;
-	}
-
-	if (duk__defaultvalue_coerce_attempt(ctx, index, coercers[0])) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	if (duk__defaultvalue_coerce_attempt(ctx, index, coercers[1])) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_DEFAULTVALUE_COERCE_FAILED);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_to_undefined(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_UNREF(thr);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_to_null(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_UNREF(thr);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_NULL_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
-}
-
-/* E5 Section 9.1 */
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_to_primitive(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t hint) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(hint == DUK_HINT_NONE || hint == DUK_HINT_NUMBER || hint == DUK_HINT_STRING);
-
-	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
-
-	if (!duk_check_type_mask(ctx, index, DUK_TYPE_MASK_OBJECT |
-	                                     DUK_TYPE_MASK_LIGHTFUNC)) {
-		/* everything except object stay as is */
-		return;
-	}
-	duk_to_defaultvalue(ctx, index, hint);
-}
-
-/* E5 Section 9.2 */
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_to_boolean(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_bool_t val;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_UNREF(thr);
-
-	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-
-	val = duk_js_toboolean(tv);
-	DUK_ASSERT(val == 0 || val == 1);
-
-	/* Note: no need to re-lookup tv, conversion is side effect free */
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_BOOLEAN_UPDREF(thr, tv, val);  /* side effects */
-	return val;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_double_t duk_to_number(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_double_t d;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	/* XXX: fastint? */
-	d = duk_js_tonumber(thr, tv);
-
-	/* Note: need to re-lookup because ToNumber() may have side effects */
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF(thr, tv, d);  /* side effects */
-	return d;
-}
-
-/* XXX: combine all the integer conversions: they share everything
- * but the helper function for coercion.
- */
-
-typedef duk_double_t (*duk__toint_coercer)(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv);
-
-DUK_LOCAL duk_double_t duk__to_int_uint_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk__toint_coercer coerce_func) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_double_t d;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	d = coerce_func(thr, tv);
-
-	/* XXX: fastint? */
-
-	/* Relookup in case coerce_func() has side effects, e.g. ends up coercing an object */
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER_UPDREF(thr, tv, d);  /* side effects */
-	return d;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_to_int(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	/* Value coercion (in stack): ToInteger(), E5 Section 9.4
-	 * API return value coercion: custom
-	 */
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	(void) duk__to_int_uint_helper(ctx, index, duk_js_tointeger);
-	return (duk_int_t) duk__api_coerce_d2i(ctx, index, 0 /*require*/);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint_t duk_to_uint(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	/* Value coercion (in stack): ToInteger(), E5 Section 9.4
-	 * API return value coercion: custom
-	 */
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	(void) duk__to_int_uint_helper(ctx, index, duk_js_tointeger);
-	return (duk_uint_t) duk__api_coerce_d2ui(ctx, index, 0 /*require*/);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int32_t duk_to_int32(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_int32_t ret;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	ret = duk_js_toint32(thr, tv);
-
-	/* Relookup in case coerce_func() has side effects, e.g. ends up coercing an object */
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32_UPDREF(thr, tv, ret);  /* side effects */
-	return ret;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint32_t duk_to_uint32(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_uint32_t ret;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	ret = duk_js_touint32(thr, tv);
-
-	/* Relookup in case coerce_func() has side effects, e.g. ends up coercing an object */
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF(thr, tv, ret);  /* side effects */
-	return ret;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint16_t duk_to_uint16(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_uint16_t ret;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	ret = duk_js_touint16(thr, tv);
-
-	/* Relookup in case coerce_func() has side effects, e.g. ends up coercing an object */
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32_UPDREF(thr, tv, ret);  /* side effects */
-	return ret;
-}
-
-#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
-/* Special coercion for Uint8ClampedArray. */
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint8_t duk_to_uint8clamped(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_double_t d;
-	duk_double_t t;
-	duk_uint8_t ret;
-
-	/* XXX: Simplify this algorithm, should be possible to come up with
-	 * a shorter and faster algorithm by inspecting IEEE representation
-	 * directly.
-	 */
-
-	d = duk_to_number(ctx, index);
-	if (d <= 0.0) {
-		return 0;
-	} else if (d >= 255) {
-		return 255;
-	} else if (DUK_ISNAN(d)) {
-		/* Avoid NaN-to-integer coercion as it is compiler specific. */
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	t = d - DUK_FLOOR(d);
-	if (t == 0.5) {
-		/* Exact halfway, round to even. */
-		ret = (duk_uint8_t) d;
-		ret = (ret + 1) & 0xfe;  /* Example: d=3.5, t=0.5 -> ret = (3 + 1) & 0xfe = 4 & 0xfe = 4
-		                          * Example: d=4.5, t=0.5 -> ret = (4 + 1) & 0xfe = 5 & 0xfe = 4
-		                          */
-	} else {
-		/* Not halfway, round to nearest. */
-		ret = (duk_uint8_t) (d + 0.5);
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_to_lstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_len) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	(void) duk_to_string(ctx, index);
-	return duk_require_lstring(ctx, index, out_len);
-}
-
-DUK_LOCAL duk_ret_t duk__safe_to_string_raw(duk_context *ctx) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
-	return 1;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_safe_to_lstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_len) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
-
-	/* We intentionally ignore the duk_safe_call() return value and only
-	 * check the output type.  This way we don't also need to check that
-	 * the returned value is indeed a string in the success case.
-	 */
-
-	duk_dup(ctx, index);
-	(void) duk_safe_call(ctx, duk__safe_to_string_raw, 1 /*nargs*/, 1 /*nrets*/);
-	if (!duk_is_string(ctx, -1)) {
-		/* Error: try coercing error to string once. */
-		(void) duk_safe_call(ctx, duk__safe_to_string_raw, 1 /*nargs*/, 1 /*nrets*/);
-		if (!duk_is_string(ctx, -1)) {
-			/* Double error */
-			duk_pop(ctx);
-			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_UC_ERROR);
-		} else {
-			;
-		}
-	} else {
-		;
-	}
-	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));
-	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_string(ctx, -1) != NULL);
-
-	duk_replace(ctx, index);
-	return duk_get_lstring(ctx, index, out_len);
-}
-
-#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)  /* only needed by debugger for now */
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_safe_to_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	(void) duk_safe_to_string(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, index));
-	DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_hstring(ctx, index) != NULL);
-	return duk_get_hstring(ctx, index);
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Coerce top into Object.prototype.toString() output. */
-DUK_INTERNAL void duk_to_object_class_string_top(duk_context *ctx) {
-	duk_hthread *thr;
-	duk_uint_t typemask;
-	duk_hstring *h_strclass;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	DUK_UNREF(thr);
-
-	typemask = duk_get_type_mask(ctx, -1);
-	if (typemask & DUK_TYPE_MASK_UNDEFINED) {
-		h_strclass = DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_UNDEFINED(thr);
-	} else if (typemask & DUK_TYPE_MASK_NULL) {
-		h_strclass = DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_UC_NULL(thr);
-	} else {
-		duk_hobject *h_obj;
-
-		duk_to_object(ctx, -1);
-		h_obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL);
-
-		h_strclass = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_STRING(thr->heap, h_obj);
-	}
-	DUK_ASSERT(h_strclass != NULL);
-
-	duk_pop(ctx);
-	duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "[object %s]", (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_strclass));
-}
-
-#if !defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
-DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_hobject_class_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_hobject *h) {
-	duk_hthread *thr;
-	duk_hstring *h_strclass;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	DUK_UNREF(thr);
-
-	h_strclass = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_STRING(thr->heap, h);
-	DUK_ASSERT(h_strclass != NULL);
-	duk_push_sprintf(ctx, "[object %s]", (const char *) DUK_HSTRING_GET_DATA(h_strclass));
-}
-#endif  /* !DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS */
-
-/* XXX: other variants like uint, u32 etc */
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_int_t duk_to_int_clamped_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t minval, duk_int_t maxval, duk_bool_t *out_clamped) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_tval tv_tmp;
-	duk_double_t d, dmin, dmax;
-	duk_int_t res;
-	duk_bool_t clamped = 0;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	d = duk_js_tointeger(thr, tv);  /* E5 Section 9.4, ToInteger() */
-
-	dmin = (duk_double_t) minval;
-	dmax = (duk_double_t) maxval;
-
-	if (d < dmin) {
-		clamped = 1;
-		res = minval;
-		d = dmin;
-	} else if (d > dmax) {
-		clamped = 1;
-		res = maxval;
-		d = dmax;
-	} else {
-		res = (duk_int_t) d;
-	}
-	DUK_UNREF(d);  /* SCANBUILD: with suitable dmin/dmax limits 'd' is unused */
-	/* 'd' and 'res' agree here */
-
-	/* Relookup in case duk_js_tointeger() ends up e.g. coercing an object. */
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);  /* not popped by side effect */
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, tv);
-#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
-#if (DUK_INT_MAX <= 0x7fffffffL)
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_I32(tv, res);
-#else
-	/* Clamping needed if duk_int_t is 64 bits. */
-	if (res >= DUK_FASTINT_MIN && res <= DUK_FASTINT_MAX) {
-		DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT(tv, res);
-	} else {
-		DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv, d);
-	}
-#endif
-#else
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_NUMBER(tv, d);  /* no need to incref */
-#endif
-	DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr, &tv_tmp);  /* side effects */
-
-	if (out_clamped) {
-		*out_clamped = clamped;
-	} else {
-		/* coerced value is updated to value stack even when RangeError thrown */
-		if (clamped) {
-			DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_NUMBER_OUTSIDE_RANGE);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return res;
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_int_t duk_to_int_clamped(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_idx_t minval, duk_idx_t maxval) {
-	duk_bool_t dummy;
-	return duk_to_int_clamped_raw(ctx, index, minval, maxval, &dummy);
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_int_t duk_to_int_check_range(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t minval, duk_int_t maxval) {
-	return duk_to_int_clamped_raw(ctx, index, minval, maxval, NULL);  /* out_clamped==NULL -> RangeError if outside range */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL const char *duk_to_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_UNREF(thr);
-
-	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-
-	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
-	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED: {
-		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_UNDEFINED);
-		break;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
-		duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL);
-		break;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
-		if (DUK_TVAL_GET_BOOLEAN(tv)) {
-			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_TRUE);
-		} else {
-			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_FALSE);
-		}
-		break;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
-		/* nop */
-		goto skip_replace;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
-		duk_to_primitive(ctx, index, DUK_HINT_STRING);
-		return duk_to_string(ctx, index);  /* Note: recursive call */
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
-		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
-
-		/* Note: this allows creation of internal strings. */
-
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		duk_push_lstring(ctx,
-		                 (const char *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h),
-		                 (duk_size_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h));
-		break;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
-		void *ptr = DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv);
-		if (ptr != NULL) {
-			duk_push_sprintf(ctx, DUK_STR_FMT_PTR, (void *) ptr);
-		} else {
-			/* Represent a null pointer as 'null' to be consistent with
-			 * the JX format variant.  Native '%p' format for a NULL
-			 * pointer may be e.g. '(nil)'.
-			 */
-			duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LC_NULL);
-		}
-		break;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
-		/* Should match Function.prototype.toString() */
-		duk_push_lightfunc_tostring(ctx, tv);
-		break;
-	}
-#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
-	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
-#endif
-	default: {
-		/* number */
-		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
-		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
-		duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
-		duk_numconv_stringify(ctx,
-		                      10 /*radix*/,
-		                      0 /*precision:shortest*/,
-		                      0 /*force_exponential*/);
-		break;
-	}
-	}
-
-	duk_replace(ctx, index);
-
- skip_replace:
-	return duk_require_string(ctx, index);
-}
-
-DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_to_hstring(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hstring *ret;
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	duk_to_string(ctx, index);
-	ret = duk_get_hstring(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(ret != NULL);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_to_buffer_raw(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_size_t *out_size, duk_uint_t mode) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_hbuffer *h_buf;
-	const duk_uint8_t *src_data;
-	duk_size_t src_size;
-	duk_uint8_t *dst_data;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_UNREF(thr);
-
-	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
-
-	h_buf = duk_get_hbuffer(ctx, index);
-	if (h_buf != NULL) {
-		/* Buffer is kept as is, with the fixed/dynamic nature of the
-		 * buffer only changed if requested.  An external buffer
-		 * is converted into a non-external dynamic buffer in a
-		 * duk_to_dynamic_buffer() call.
-		 */
-		duk_uint_t tmp;
-		duk_uint8_t *tmp_ptr;
-
-		tmp_ptr = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_buf);
-		src_data = (const duk_uint8_t *) tmp_ptr;
-		src_size = DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_buf);
-
-		tmp = (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h_buf) ? DUK_BUF_MODE_DYNAMIC : DUK_BUF_MODE_FIXED);
-		if ((tmp == mode && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h_buf)) ||
-		    mode == DUK_BUF_MODE_DONTCARE) {
-			/* Note: src_data may be NULL if input is a zero-size
-			 * dynamic buffer.
-			 */
-			dst_data = tmp_ptr;
-			goto skip_copy;
-		}
-	} else {
-		/* Non-buffer value is first ToString() coerced, then converted
-		 * to a buffer (fixed buffer is used unless a dynamic buffer is
-		 * explicitly requested).
-		 */
-
-		src_data = (const duk_uint8_t *) duk_to_lstring(ctx, index, &src_size);
-	}
-
-	dst_data = (duk_uint8_t *) duk_push_buffer(ctx, src_size, (mode == DUK_BUF_MODE_DYNAMIC) /*dynamic*/);
-	if (DUK_LIKELY(src_size > 0)) {
-		/* When src_size == 0, src_data may be NULL (if source
-		 * buffer is dynamic), and dst_data may be NULL (if
-		 * target buffer is dynamic).  Avoid zero-size memcpy()
-		 * with an invalid pointer.
-		 */
-		DUK_MEMCPY((void *) dst_data, (const void *) src_data, (size_t) src_size);
-	}
-	duk_replace(ctx, index);
- skip_copy:
-
-	if (out_size) {
-		*out_size = src_size;
-	}
-	return dst_data;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void *duk_to_pointer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	void *res;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-
-	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
-	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
-	case DUK_TAG_NULL:
-	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN:
-		res = NULL;
-		break;
-	case DUK_TAG_POINTER:
-		res = DUK_TVAL_GET_POINTER(tv);
-		break;
-	case DUK_TAG_STRING:
-	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT:
-	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER:
-		/* Heap allocated: return heap pointer which is NOT useful
-		 * for the caller, except for debugging.
-		 */
-		res = (void *) DUK_TVAL_GET_HEAPHDR(tv);
-		break;
-	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC:
-		/* Function pointers do not always cast correctly to void *
-		 * (depends on memory and segmentation model for instance),
-		 * so they coerce to NULL.
-		 */
-		res = NULL;
-		break;
-#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
-	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
-#endif
-	default:
-		/* number */
-		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
-		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
-		res = NULL;
-		break;
-	}
-
-	duk_push_pointer(ctx, res);
-	duk_replace(ctx, index);
-	return res;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_to_object(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_uint_t flags = 0;   /* shared flags for a subset of types */
-	duk_small_int_t proto = 0;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	index = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, index);
-
-	tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-
-	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
-	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
-	case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
-		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_OBJECT_COERCIBLE);
-		break;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
-		flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
-		        DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BOOLEAN);
-		proto = DUK_BIDX_BOOLEAN_PROTOTYPE;
-		goto create_object;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
-		flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
-		        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ |
-		        DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_STRING);
-		proto = DUK_BIDX_STRING_PROTOTYPE;
-		goto create_object;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
-		/* nop */
-		break;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
-		/* A plain buffer coerces to a Duktape.Buffer because it's the
-		 * object counterpart of the plain buffer value.  But it might
-		 * still make more sense to produce an ArrayBuffer here?
-		 */
-
-		duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
-		duk_hbuffer *h_val;
-
-		h_val = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);
-
-		h_bufobj = duk_push_bufferobject_raw(ctx,
-		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
-		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BUFFEROBJECT |
-		                                     DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_BUFFER),
-		                                     DUK_BIDX_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj != NULL);
-		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE((duk_hobject *) h_bufobj));
-		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT((duk_hobject *) h_bufobj));
-
-		h_bufobj->buf = h_val;
-		DUK_HBUFFER_INCREF(thr, h_val);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->offset == 0);
-		h_bufobj->length = (duk_uint_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h_val);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->shift == 0);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h_bufobj->elem_type == DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_ELEM_UINT8);
-
-		DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);
-		goto replace_value;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
-		flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
-		        DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_POINTER);
-		proto = DUK_BIDX_POINTER_PROTOTYPE;
-		goto create_object;
-	}
-	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
-		/* Lightfunc coerces to a Function instance with concrete
-		 * properties.  Since 'length' is virtual for Duktape/C
-		 * functions, don't need to define that.
-		 *
-		 * The result is made extensible to mimic what happens to
-		 * strings:
-		 *   > Object.isExtensible(Object('foo'))
-		 *   true
-		 */
-		duk_small_uint_t lf_flags;
-		duk_idx_t nargs;
-		duk_small_uint_t lf_len;
-		duk_c_function func;
-		duk_hnativefunction *nf;
-
-		DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC(tv, func, lf_flags);
-
-		nargs = (duk_idx_t) DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_NARGS(lf_flags);
-		if (nargs == DUK_LFUNC_NARGS_VARARGS) {
-			nargs = (duk_idx_t) DUK_VARARGS;
-		}
-		flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
-		        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_CONSTRUCTABLE |
-		        DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION |
-	                DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NEWENV |
-	                DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_STRICT |
-	                DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NOTAIL |
-			/* DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC: omitted here intentionally */
-	                DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_FUNCTION);
-		(void) duk__push_c_function_raw(ctx, func, nargs, flags);
-
-		lf_len = DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_LENGTH(lf_flags);
-		if ((duk_idx_t) lf_len != nargs) {
-			/* Explicit length is only needed if it differs from 'nargs'. */
-			duk_push_int(ctx, (duk_int_t) lf_len);
-			duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
-		}
-		duk_push_lightfunc_name(ctx, tv);
-		duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_NAME, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
-
-		nf = duk_get_hnativefunction(ctx, -1);
-		DUK_ASSERT(nf != NULL);
-		nf->magic = (duk_int16_t) DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_MAGIC(lf_flags);
-
-		/* Enable DUKFUNC exotic behavior once properties are set up. */
-		DUK_HOBJECT_SET_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC((duk_hobject *) nf);
-		goto replace_value;
-	}
-#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
-	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
-#endif
-	default: {
-		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
-		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
-		flags = DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_EXTENSIBLE |
-		               DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_AS_FLAGS(DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_NUMBER);
-		proto = DUK_BIDX_NUMBER_PROTOTYPE;
-		goto create_object;
-	}
-	}
-	return;
-
- create_object:
-	(void) duk_push_object_helper(ctx, flags, proto);
-
-	/* Note: Boolean prototype's internal value property is not writable,
-	 * but duk_xdef_prop_stridx() disregards the write protection.  Boolean
-	 * instances are immutable.
-	 *
-	 * String and buffer special behaviors are already enabled which is not
-	 * ideal, but a write to the internal value is not affected by them.
-	 */
-	duk_dup(ctx, index);
-	duk_xdef_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_VALUE, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_NONE);
-
- replace_value:
-	duk_replace(ctx, index);
-}
-
-/*
- *  Type checking
- */
-
-DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__tag_check(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_small_uint_t tag) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (!tv) {
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv) == tag);
-}
-
-DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_uint_t flag_mask) {
-	duk_hobject *obj;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, index);
-	if (obj) {
-		return (DUK_HEAPHDR_CHECK_FLAG_BITS((duk_heaphdr *) obj, flag_mask) ? 1 : 0);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_int_t duk_get_type(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (!tv) {
-		return DUK_TYPE_NONE;
-	}
-	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
-	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
-		return DUK_TYPE_UNDEFINED;
-	case DUK_TAG_NULL:
-		return DUK_TYPE_NULL;
-	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN:
-		return DUK_TYPE_BOOLEAN;
-	case DUK_TAG_STRING:
-		return DUK_TYPE_STRING;
-	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT:
-		return DUK_TYPE_OBJECT;
-	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER:
-		return DUK_TYPE_BUFFER;
-	case DUK_TAG_POINTER:
-		return DUK_TYPE_POINTER;
-	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC:
-		return DUK_TYPE_LIGHTFUNC;
-#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
-	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
-#endif
-	default:
-		/* Note: number has no explicit tag (in 8-byte representation) */
-		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
-		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
-		return DUK_TYPE_NUMBER;
-	}
-	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
-}
-
-#if defined(DUK_USE_VERBOSE_ERRORS) && defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
-DUK_LOCAL const char *duk__type_names[] = {
-	"none",
-	"undefined",
-	"null",
-	"boolean",
-	"number",
-	"string",
-	"object",
-	"buffer",
-	"pointer",
-	"lightfunc"
-};
-
-DUK_INTERNAL const char *duk_get_type_name(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_int_t type_tag;
-
-	type_tag = duk_get_type(ctx, index);
-	DUK_ASSERT(type_tag >= DUK_TYPE_MIN && type_tag <= DUK_TYPE_MAX);
-	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TYPE_MIN == 0 && sizeof(duk__type_names) / sizeof(const char *) == DUK_TYPE_MAX + 1);
-
-	return duk__type_names[type_tag];
-}
-#endif
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_check_type(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_int_t type) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	return (duk_get_type(ctx, index) == type) ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_uint_t duk_get_type_mask(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (!tv) {
-		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_NONE;
-	}
-	switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv)) {
-	case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
-		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_UNDEFINED;
-	case DUK_TAG_NULL:
-		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_NULL;
-	case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN:
-		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_BOOLEAN;
-	case DUK_TAG_STRING:
-		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_STRING;
-	case DUK_TAG_OBJECT:
-		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_OBJECT;
-	case DUK_TAG_BUFFER:
-		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_BUFFER;
-	case DUK_TAG_POINTER:
-		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_POINTER;
-	case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC:
-		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_LIGHTFUNC;
-#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
-	case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
-#endif
-	default:
-		/* Note: number has no explicit tag (in 8-byte representation) */
-		DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
-		DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
-		return DUK_TYPE_MASK_NUMBER;
-	}
-	DUK_UNREACHABLE();
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_check_type_mask(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index, duk_uint_t mask) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	if (duk_get_type_mask(ctx, index) & mask) {
-		return 1;
-	}
-	if (mask & DUK_TYPE_MASK_THROW) {
-		DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_UNEXPECTED_TYPE);
-		DUK_UNREACHABLE();
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_undefined(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_null(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_NULL);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_null_or_undefined(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-	duk_small_uint_t tag;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (!tv) {
-		return 0;
-	}
-	tag = DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv);
-	return (tag == DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED) || (tag == DUK_TAG_NULL);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_boolean(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_number(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	/*
-	 *  Number is special because it doesn't have a specific
-	 *  tag in the 8-byte representation.
-	 */
-
-	/* XXX: shorter version for 12-byte representation? */
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (!tv) {
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_nan(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	/* XXX: This will now return false for non-numbers, even though they would
-	 * coerce to NaN (as a general rule).  In particular, duk_get_number()
-	 * returns a NaN for non-numbers, so should this function also return
-	 * true for non-numbers?
-	 */
-
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (!tv || !DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv)) {
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return DUK_ISNAN(DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv));
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_string(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_STRING);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_object(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_OBJECT);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_BUFFER);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_pointer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_POINTER);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_lightfunc(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__tag_check(ctx, index, DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_array(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hobject *obj;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	obj = duk_get_hobject(ctx, index);
-	if (obj) {
-		return (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_CLASS_NUMBER(obj) == DUK_HOBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY ? 1 : 0);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv)) {
-		return 1;
-	}
-	return duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(ctx,
-	                                       index,
-	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION |
-	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION |
-	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_c_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(ctx,
-	                                       index,
-	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_NATIVEFUNCTION);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_ecmascript_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(ctx,
-	                                       index,
-	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_COMPILEDFUNCTION);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_bound_function(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(ctx,
-	                                       index,
-	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_BOUND);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_thread(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	return duk__obj_flag_any_default_false(ctx,
-	                                       index,
-	                                       DUK_HOBJECT_FLAG_THREAD);
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_fixed_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
-		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		return (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h) ? 0 : 1);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_dynamic_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
-		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		return (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h) && !DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h) ? 1 : 0);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_is_external_buffer(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_tval *tv;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	tv = duk_get_tval(ctx, index);
-	if (tv && DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv)) {
-		duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv);
-		DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
-		return (DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_DYNAMIC(h) && DUK_HBUFFER_HAS_EXTERNAL(h) ? 1 : 0);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL duk_errcode_t duk_get_error_code(duk_context *ctx, duk_idx_t index) {
-	duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	duk_hobject *h;
-	duk_uint_t sanity;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-
-	h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, index);
-
-	sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY;
-	do {
-		if (!h) {
-			return DUK_ERR_NONE;
-		}
-		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_EVAL_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
-			return DUK_ERR_EVAL_ERROR;
-		}
-		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_RANGE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
-			return DUK_ERR_RANGE_ERROR;
-		}
-		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_REFERENCE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
-			return DUK_ERR_REFERENCE_ERROR;
-		}
-		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_SYNTAX_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
-			return DUK_ERR_SYNTAX_ERROR;
-		}
-		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_TYPE_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
-			return DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR;
-		}
-		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_URI_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
-			return DUK_ERR_URI_ERROR;
-		}
-		if (h == thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_ERROR_PROTOTYPE]) {
-			return DUK_ERR_ERROR;
-		}
-
-		h = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, h);
-	} while (--sanity > 0);
-
-	return DUK_ERR_NONE;
-}
-
-/*
- *  Pushers
- */
-
-DUK_INTERNAL void duk_push_tval(duk_context *ctx, duk_tval *tv) {
-	duk_hthread *thr;
-	duk_tval *tv_slot;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
-	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
-	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;
-	DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv_slot, tv);
-	DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv);  /* no side effects */
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_undefined(duk_context *ctx) {
-	duk_hthread *thr;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
-
-	/* Because value stack init policy is 'undefined above top',
-	 * we don't need to write, just assert.
-	 */
-	thr->valstack_top++;
-	DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(thr->valstack_top - 1));
-}
-
-DUK_EXTERNAL void duk_push_null(duk_context *ctx) {
-	duk_hthread *thr;
-	duk_tval *tv_slot;
-
-	DUK_ASSERT_CTX_VALID(ctx);
-	thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
-	DUK__CHECK_SPACE();
-	tv_slot = thr->valstack_top++;

<TRUNCATED>