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Posted to commits@commons.apache.org by er...@apache.org on 2018/05/19 12:44:48 UTC

[2/4] commons-numbers git commit: NUMBERS-54: Create module "commons-numbers-complex-streams".

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-numbers/blob/40418955/commons-numbers-complex/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexUtils.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/commons-numbers-complex/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexUtils.java b/commons-numbers-complex/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexUtils.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 4684cea..0000000
--- a/commons-numbers-complex/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexUtils.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1740 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package org.apache.commons.numbers.complex;
-
-/**
- * Static implementations of common {@link Complex} utilities functions.
- */
-public class ComplexUtils {
-
-    /**
-     * Utility class.
-     */
-    private ComplexUtils() {}
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a complex number from the given polar representation.
-     * <p>
-     * If either {@code r} or {@code theta} is NaN, or {@code theta} is
-     * infinite, {@link Complex#NAN} is returned.
-     * <p>
-     * If {@code r} is infinite and {@code theta} is finite, infinite or NaN
-     * values may be returned in parts of the result, following the rules for
-     * double arithmetic.
-     *
-     * <pre>
-     * Examples:
-     * {@code
-     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, \(\pi\)) = INFINITY + INFINITY i
-     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, 0) = INFINITY + NaN i
-     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, \(-\frac{\pi}{4}\)) = INFINITY - INFINITY i
-     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, \(5\frac{\pi}{4}\)) = -INFINITY - INFINITY i }
-     * </pre>
-     *
-     * @param r the modulus of the complex number to create
-     * @param theta the argument of the complex number to create
-     * @return {@code Complex}
-     * @since 1.1
-     */
-    public static Complex polar2Complex(double r, double theta) {
-        if (r < 0) {
-            throw new NegativeModulusException(r);
-        }
-        return Complex.ofCartesian(r * Math.cos(theta), r * Math.sin(theta));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates {@code Complex[]} array given {@code double[]} arrays of r and
-     * theta.
-     *
-     * @param r {@code double[]} of moduli
-     * @param theta {@code double[]} of arguments
-     * @return {@code Complex[]}
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[] polar2Complex(double[] r, double[] theta) {
-        final int length = r.length;
-        final Complex[] c = new Complex[length];
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            if (r[x] < 0) {
-                throw new NegativeModulusException(r[x]);
-            }
-            c[x] = Complex.ofCartesian(r[x] * Math.cos(theta[x]), r[x] * Math.sin(theta[x]));
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates {@code Complex[][]} array given {@code double[][]} arrays of r
-     * and theta.
-     *
-     * @param r {@code double[]} of moduli
-     * @param theta {@code double[]} of arguments
-     * @return {@code Complex[][]}
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][] polar2Complex(double[][] r, double[][] theta) {
-        final int length = r.length;
-        final Complex[][] c = new Complex[length][];
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            c[x] = polar2Complex(r[x], theta[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates {@code Complex[][][]} array given {@code double[][][]} arrays of
-     * r and theta.
-     *
-     * @param r array of moduli
-     * @param theta array of arguments
-     * @return {@code Complex}
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][] polar2Complex(double[][][] r, double[][][] theta) {
-        final int length = r.length;
-        final Complex[][][] c = new Complex[length][][];
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            c[x] = polar2Complex(r[x], theta[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns double from array {@code real[]} at entry {@code index} as a
-     * {@code Complex}.
-     *
-     * @param real array of real numbers
-     * @param index location in the array
-     * @return {@code Complex}.
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex extractComplexFromRealArray(double[] real, int index) {
-        return Complex.ofReal(real[index]);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns float from array {@code real[]} at entry {@code index} as a
-     * {@code Complex}.
-     *
-     * @param real array of real numbers
-     * @param index location in the array
-     * @return {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex extractComplexFromRealArray(float[] real, int index) {
-        return Complex.ofReal(real[index]);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns double from array {@code imaginary[]} at entry {@code index} as a
-     * {@code Complex}.
-     *
-     * @param imaginary array of imaginary numbers
-     * @param index location in the array
-     * @return {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex extractComplexFromImaginaryArray(double[] imaginary, int index) {
-        return Complex.ofCartesian(0, imaginary[index]);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns float from array {@code imaginary[]} at entry {@code index} as a
-     * {@code Complex}.
-     *
-     * @param imaginary array of imaginary numbers
-     * @param index location in the array
-     * @return {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex extractComplexFromImaginaryArray(float[] imaginary, int index) {
-        return Complex.ofCartesian(0, imaginary[index]);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns real component of Complex from array {@code Complex[]} at entry
-     * {@code index} as a {@code double}.
-     *
-     * @param complex array of complex numbers
-     * @param index location in the array
-     * @return {@code double}.
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double extractRealFromComplexArray(Complex[] complex, int index) {
-        return complex[index].getReal();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns real component of array {@code Complex[]} at entry {@code index}
-     * as a {@code float}.
-     *
-     * @param complex array of complex numbers
-     * @param index location in the array
-     * @return {@code float}.
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float extractRealFloatFromComplexArray(Complex[] complex, int index) {
-        return (float) complex[index].getReal();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns imaginary component of Complex from array {@code Complex[]} at
-     * entry {@code index} as a {@code double}.
-     *
-     * @param complex array of complex numbers
-     * @param index location in the array
-     * @return {@code double}.
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double extractImaginaryFromComplexArray(Complex[] complex, int index) {
-        return complex[index].getImaginary();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns imaginary component of array {@code Complex[]} at entry
-     * {@code index} as a {@code float}.
-     *
-     * @param complex array of complex numbers
-     * @param index location in the array
-     * @return {@code float}.
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float extractImaginaryFloatFromComplexArray(Complex[] complex, int index) {
-        return (float) complex[index].getImaginary();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a Complex object from interleaved {@code double[]} array at entry
-     * {@code index}.
-     *
-     * @param d array of interleaved complex numbers alternating real and imaginary values
-     * @param index location in the array This is the location by complex number, e.g. index number 5 in the array will return {@code Complex.ofCartesian(d[10], d[11])}
-     * @return {@code Complex}.
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex extractComplexFromInterleavedArray(double[] d, int index) {
-        return Complex.ofCartesian(d[index * 2], d[index * 2 + 1]);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a Complex object from interleaved {@code float[]} array at entry
-     * {@code index}.
-     *
-     * @param f float array of interleaved complex numbers alternating real and imaginary values
-     * @param index location in the array This is the location by complex number, e.g. index number 5 in the {@code float[]} array will return new {@code Complex(d[10], d[11])}
-     * @return {@code Complex}.
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex extractComplexFromInterleavedArray(float[] f, int index) {
-        return Complex.ofCartesian(f[index * 2], f[index * 2 + 1]);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns values of Complex object from array {@code Complex[]} at entry
-     * {@code index} as a size 2 {@code double} of the form {real, imag}.
-     *
-     * @param complex array of complex numbers
-     * @param index location in the array
-     * @return size 2 array.
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[] extractInterleavedFromComplexArray(Complex[] complex, int index) {
-        return new double[] { complex[index].getReal(), complex[index].getImaginary() };
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns Complex object from array {@code Complex[]} at entry
-     * {@code index} as a size 2 {@code float} of the form {real, imag}.
-     *
-     * @param complex {@code Complex} array
-     * @param index location in the array
-     * @return size 2 {@code float[]}.
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[] extractInterleavedFloatFromComplexArray(Complex[] complex, int index) {
-        return new float[] { (float) complex[index].getReal(), (float) complex[index].getImaginary() };
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a {@code double[]} array to a {@code Complex[]} array.
-     *
-     * @param real array of numbers to be converted to their {@code Complex} equivalent
-     * @return {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[] real2Complex(double[] real) {
-        int index = 0;
-        final Complex c[] = new Complex[real.length];
-        for (double d : real) {
-            c[index] = Complex.ofReal(d);
-            index++;
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a {@code float[]} array to a {@code Complex[]} array.
-     *
-     * @param real array of numbers to be converted to their {@code Complex} equivalent
-     * @return {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[] real2Complex(float[] real) {
-        int index = 0;
-        final Complex c[] = new Complex[real.length];
-        for (float d : real) {
-            c[index] = Complex.ofReal(d);
-            index++;
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D real {@code double[][]} array to a 2D {@code Complex[][]}
-     * array.
-     *
-     * @param d 2D array
-     * @return 2D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][] real2Complex(double[][] d) {
-        final int w = d.length;
-        final Complex[][] c = new Complex[w][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < w; n++) {
-            c[n] = ComplexUtils.real2Complex(d[n]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D real {@code float[][]} array to a 2D {@code Complex[][]}
-     * array.
-     *
-     * @param d 2D array
-     * @return 2D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][] real2Complex(float[][] d) {
-        final int w = d.length;
-        final Complex[][] c = new Complex[w][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < w; n++) {
-            c[n] = ComplexUtils.real2Complex(d[n]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D real {@code double[][][]} array to a {@code Complex [][][]}
-     * array.
-     *
-     * @param d 3D complex interleaved array
-     * @return 3D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][] real2Complex(double[][][] d) {
-        final int w = d.length;
-        final Complex[][][] c = new Complex[w][][];
-        for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-            c[x] = ComplexUtils.real2Complex(d[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D real {@code float[][][]} array to a {@code Complex [][][]}
-     * array.
-     *
-     * @param d 3D complex interleaved array
-     * @return 3D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][] real2Complex(float[][][] d) {
-        final int w = d.length;
-        final Complex[][][] c = new Complex[w][][];
-        for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-            c[x] = ComplexUtils.real2Complex(d[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 4D real {@code double[][][][]} array to a {@code Complex [][][][]}
-     * array.
-     *
-     * @param d 4D complex interleaved array
-     * @return 4D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][][] real2Complex(double[][][][] d) {
-        final int w = d.length;
-        final Complex[][][][] c = new Complex[w][][][];
-        for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-            c[x] = ComplexUtils.real2Complex(d[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts real component of {@code Complex[]} array to a {@code double[]}
-     * array.
-     *
-     * @param c {@code Complex} array
-     * @return array of the real component
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[] complex2Real(Complex[] c) {
-        int index = 0;
-        final double d[] = new double[c.length];
-        for (Complex cc : c) {
-            d[index] = cc.getReal();
-            index++;
-        }
-        return d;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts real component of {@code Complex[]} array to a {@code float[]}
-     * array.
-     *
-     * @param c {@code Complex} array
-     * @return {@code float[]} array of the real component
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[] complex2RealFloat(Complex[] c) {
-        int index = 0;
-        final float f[] = new float[c.length];
-        for (Complex cc : c) {
-            f[index] = (float) cc.getReal();
-            index++;
-        }
-        return f;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts real component of a 2D {@code Complex[][]} array to a 2D
-     * {@code double[][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 2D {@code Complex} array
-     * @return {@code double[][]} of real component
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][] complex2Real(Complex[][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        double[][] d = new double[length][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            d[n] = complex2Real(c[n]);
-        }
-        return d;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts real component of a 2D {@code Complex[][]} array to a 2D
-     * {@code float[][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 2D {@code Complex} array
-     * @return {@code float[][]} of real component
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[][] complex2RealFloat(Complex[][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        float[][] f = new float[length][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            f[n] = complex2RealFloat(c[n]);
-        }
-        return f;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts real component of a 3D {@code Complex[][][]} array to a 3D
-     * {@code double[][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 3D complex interleaved array
-     * @return array of real component
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][][] complex2Real(Complex[][][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        double[][][] d = new double[length][][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            d[n] = complex2Real(c[n]);
-        }
-        return d;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts real component of a 3D {@code Complex[][][]} array to a 3D
-     * {@code float[][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 3D {@code Complex} array
-     * @return {@code float[][][]} of real component
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[][][] complex2RealFloat(Complex[][][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        float[][][] f = new float[length][][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            f[n] = complex2RealFloat(c[n]);
-        }
-        return f;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts real component of a 4D {@code Complex[][][][]} array to a 4D
-     * {@code double[][][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 4D complex interleaved array
-     * @return array of real component
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][][][] complex2Real(Complex[][][][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        double[][][][] d = new double[length][][][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            d[n] = complex2Real(c[n]);
-        }
-        return d;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts real component of a 4D {@code Complex[][][][]} array to a 4D
-     * {@code float[][][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 4D {@code Complex} array
-     * @return {@code float[][][][]} of real component
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[][][][] complex2RealFloat(Complex[][][][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        float[][][][] f = new float[length][][][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            f[n] = complex2RealFloat(c[n]);
-        }
-        return f;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a {@code double[]} array to an imaginary {@code Complex[]}
-     * array.
-     *
-     * @param imaginary array of numbers to be converted to their {@code Complex} equivalent
-     * @return {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[] imaginary2Complex(double[] imaginary) {
-        int index = 0;
-        final Complex c[] = new Complex[imaginary.length];
-        for (double d : imaginary) {
-            c[index] = Complex.ofCartesian(0, d);
-            index++;
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a {@code float[]} array to an imaginary {@code Complex[]} array.
-     *
-     * @param imaginary array of numbers to be converted to their {@code Complex} equivalent
-     * @return {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[] imaginary2Complex(float[] imaginary) {
-        int index = 0;
-        final Complex c[] = new Complex[imaginary.length];
-        for (float d : imaginary) {
-            c[index] = Complex.ofCartesian(0, d);
-            index++;
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D imaginary array {@code double[][]} to a 2D
-     * {@code Complex[][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param i 2D array
-     * @return 2D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][] imaginary2Complex(double[][] i) {
-        int w = i.length;
-        Complex[][] c = new Complex[w][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < w; n++) {
-            c[n] = ComplexUtils.imaginary2Complex(i[n]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D imaginary array {@code double[][][]} to a {@code Complex[]}
-     * array.
-     *
-     * @param i 3D complex imaginary array
-     * @return 3D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][] imaginary2Complex(double[][][] i) {
-        int w = i.length;
-        Complex[][][] c = new Complex[w][][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < w; n++) {
-            c[n] = ComplexUtils.imaginary2Complex(i[n]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 4D imaginary array {@code double[][][][]} to a 4D {@code Complex[][][][]}
-     * array.
-     *
-     * @param i 4D complex imaginary array
-     * @return 4D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][][] imaginary2Complex(double[][][][] i) {
-        int w = i.length;
-        Complex[][][][] c = new Complex[w][][][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < w; n++) {
-            c[n] = ComplexUtils.imaginary2Complex(i[n]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts imaginary part of a {@code Complex[]} array to a
-     * {@code double[]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c {@code Complex} array.
-     * @return array of the imaginary component
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[] complex2Imaginary(Complex[] c) {
-        int index = 0;
-        final double i[] = new double[c.length];
-        for (Complex cc : c) {
-            i[index] = cc.getImaginary();
-            index++;
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts imaginary component of a {@code Complex[]} array to a
-     * {@code float[]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c {@code Complex} array.
-     * @return {@code float[]} array of the imaginary component
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[] complex2ImaginaryFloat(Complex[] c) {
-        int index = 0;
-        final float f[] = new float[c.length];
-        for (Complex cc : c) {
-            f[index] = (float) cc.getImaginary();
-            index++;
-        }
-        return f;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts imaginary component of a 2D {@code Complex[][]} array to a 2D
-     * {@code double[][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 2D {@code Complex} array
-     * @return {@code double[][]} of imaginary component
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][] complex2Imaginary(Complex[][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        double[][] i = new double[length][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            i[n] = complex2Imaginary(c[n]);
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts imaginary component of a 2D {@code Complex[][]} array to a 2D
-     * {@code float[][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 2D {@code Complex} array
-     * @return {@code float[][]} of imaginary component
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[][] complex2ImaginaryFloat(Complex[][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        float[][] f = new float[length][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            f[n] = complex2ImaginaryFloat(c[n]);
-        }
-        return f;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts imaginary component of a 3D {@code Complex[][][]} array to a 3D
-     * {@code double[][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 3D complex interleaved array
-     * @return 3D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][][] complex2Imaginary(Complex[][][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        double[][][] i = new double[length][][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            i[n] = complex2Imaginary(c[n]);
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts imaginary component of a 3D {@code Complex[][][]} array to a 3D
-     * {@code float[][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 3D {@code Complex} array
-     * @return {@code float[][][]} of imaginary component
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[][][] complex2ImaginaryFloat(Complex[][][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        float[][][] f = new float[length][][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            f[n] = complex2ImaginaryFloat(c[n]);
-        }
-        return f;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts imaginary component of a 4D {@code Complex[][][][]} array to a 4D
-     * {@code double[][][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 4D complex interleaved array
-     * @return 4D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][][][] complex2Imaginary(Complex[][][][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        double[][][][] i = new double[length][][][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            i[n] = complex2Imaginary(c[n]);
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts imaginary component of a 4D {@code Complex[][][][]} array to a 4D
-     * {@code float[][][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 4D {@code Complex} array
-     * @return {@code float[][][][]} of imaginary component
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[][][][] complex2ImaginaryFloat(Complex[][][][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        float[][][][] f = new float[length][][][];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            f[n] = complex2ImaginaryFloat(c[n]);
-        }
-        return f;
-    }
-
-    // INTERLEAVED METHODS
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a complex interleaved {@code double[]} array to a
-     * {@code Complex[]} array
-     *
-     * @param interleaved array of numbers to be converted to their {@code Complex} equivalent
-     * @return {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[] interleaved2Complex(double[] interleaved) {
-        final int length = interleaved.length / 2;
-        final Complex c[] = new Complex[length];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            c[n] = Complex.ofCartesian(interleaved[n * 2], interleaved[n * 2 + 1]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a complex interleaved {@code float[]} array to a
-     * {@code Complex[]} array
-     *
-     * @param interleaved float[] array of numbers to be converted to their {@code Complex} equivalent
-     * @return {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[] interleaved2Complex(float[] interleaved) {
-        final int length = interleaved.length / 2;
-        final Complex c[] = new Complex[length];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            c[n] = Complex.ofCartesian(interleaved[n * 2], interleaved[n * 2 + 1]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a {@code Complex[]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code double[]} array
-     *
-     * @param c Complex array
-     * @return complex interleaved array alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[] complex2Interleaved(Complex[] c) {
-        int index = 0;
-        final double i[] = new double[c.length * 2];
-        for (Complex cc : c) {
-            int real = index * 2;
-            int imag = index * 2 + 1;
-            i[real] = cc.getReal();
-            i[imag] = cc.getImaginary();
-            index++;
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a {@code Complex[]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code float[]} array
-     *
-     * @param c Complex array
-     * @return complex interleaved {@code float[]} alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[] complex2InterleavedFloat(Complex[] c) {
-        int index = 0;
-        final float f[] = new float[c.length * 2];
-        for (Complex cc : c) {
-            int real = index * 2;
-            int imag = index * 2 + 1;
-            f[real] = (float) cc.getReal();
-            f[imag] = (float) cc.getImaginary();
-            index++;
-        }
-        return f;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D {@code Complex[][]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code double[][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 2D Complex array
-     * @param interleavedDim Depth level of the array to interleave
-     * @return complex interleaved array alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][] complex2Interleaved(Complex[][] c, int interleavedDim) {
-        if (interleavedDim > 1 || interleavedDim < 0) {
-            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(interleavedDim);
-        }
-        final int w = c.length;
-        final int h = c[0].length;
-        double[][] i;
-        if (interleavedDim == 0) {
-            i = new double[2 * w][h];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    i[x * 2][y] = c[x][y].getReal();
-                    i[x * 2 + 1][y] = c[x][y].getImaginary();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            i = new double[w][2 * h];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    i[x][y * 2] = c[x][y].getReal();
-                    i[x][y * 2 + 1] = c[x][y].getImaginary();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D {@code Complex[][]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code double[][]} array. The second d level of the array is assumed
-     * to be interleaved.
-     *
-     * @param c 2D Complex array
-     * @return complex interleaved array alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][] complex2Interleaved(Complex[][] c) {
-        return complex2Interleaved(c, 1);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D {@code Complex[][][]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code double[][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 3D Complex array
-     * @param interleavedDim Depth level of the array to interleave
-     * @return complex interleaved array alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][][] complex2Interleaved(Complex[][][] c, int interleavedDim) {
-        if (interleavedDim > 2 || interleavedDim < 0) {
-            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(interleavedDim);
-        }
-        int w = c.length;
-        int h = c[0].length;
-        int d = c[0][0].length;
-        double[][][] i;
-        if (interleavedDim == 0) {
-            i = new double[2 * w][h][d];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        i[x * 2][y][z] = c[x][y][z].getReal();
-                        i[x * 2 + 1][y][z] = c[x][y][z].getImaginary();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else if (interleavedDim == 1) {
-            i = new double[w][2 * h][d];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        i[x][y * 2][z] = c[x][y][z].getReal();
-                        i[x][y * 2 + 1][z] = c[x][y][z].getImaginary();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            i = new double[w][h][2 * d];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        i[x][y][z * 2] = c[x][y][z].getReal();
-                        i[x][y][z * 2 + 1] = c[x][y][z].getImaginary();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 4D {@code Complex[][][][]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code double[][][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 4D Complex array
-     * @param interleavedDim Depth level of the array to interleave
-     * @return complex interleaved array alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][][][] complex2Interleaved(Complex[][][][] c, int interleavedDim) {
-        if (interleavedDim > 3 || interleavedDim < 0) {
-            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(interleavedDim);
-        }
-        int w = c.length;
-        int h = c[0].length;
-        int d = c[0][0].length;
-        int v = c[0][0][0].length;
-        double[][][][] i;
-        if (interleavedDim == 0) {
-            i = new double[2 * w][h][d][v];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        for (int t = 0; t > v; t++) {
-                            i[x * 2][y][z][t] = c[x][y][z][t].getReal();
-                            i[x * 2 + 1][y][z][t] = c[x][y][z][t].getImaginary();
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else if (interleavedDim == 1) {
-            i = new double[w][2 * h][d][v];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        for (int t = 0; t > v; t++) {
-                            i[x][y * 2][z][t] = c[x][y][z][t].getReal();
-                            i[x][y * 2 + 1][z][t] = c[x][y][z][t].getImaginary();
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else if (interleavedDim == 2) {
-            i = new double[w][h][2 * d][v];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        for (int t = 0; t > v; t++) {
-                        i[x][y][z * 2][t] = c[x][y][z][t].getReal();
-                        i[x][y][z * 2 + 1][t] = c[x][y][z][t].getImaginary();
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            i = new double[w][h][d][2 * v];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        for (int t = 0; t > v; t++) {
-                        i[x][y][z][t * 2] = c[x][y][z][t].getReal();
-                        i[x][y][z][t * 2 + 1] = c[x][y][z][t].getImaginary();
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D {@code Complex[][][]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code double[][][]} array. The third level of the array is
-     * interleaved.
-     *
-     * @param c 3D Complex array
-     * @return complex interleaved array alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][][] complex2Interleaved(Complex[][][] c) {
-        return complex2Interleaved(c, 2);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 4D {@code Complex[][][][]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code double[][][][]} array. The fourth level of the array is
-     * interleaved.
-     *
-     * @param c 4D Complex array
-     * @return complex interleaved array alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[][][][] complex2Interleaved(Complex[][][][] c) {
-        return complex2Interleaved(c, 3);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D {@code Complex[][]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code float[][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 2D Complex array
-     * @param interleavedDim Depth level of the array to interleave
-     * @return complex interleaved {@code float[][]} alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[][] complex2InterleavedFloat(Complex[][] c, int interleavedDim) {
-        if (interleavedDim > 1 || interleavedDim < 0) {
-            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(interleavedDim);
-        }
-        final int w = c.length;
-        final int h = c[0].length;
-        float[][] i;
-        if (interleavedDim == 0) {
-            i = new float[2 * w][h];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    i[x * 2][y] = (float) c[x][y].getReal();
-                    i[x * 2 + 1][y] = (float) c[x][y].getImaginary();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            i = new float[w][2 * h];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    i[x][y * 2] = (float) c[x][y].getReal();
-                    i[x][y * 2 + 1] = (float) c[x][y].getImaginary();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D {@code Complex[][]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code float[][]} array. The second d level of the array is assumed
-     * to be interleaved.
-     *
-     * @param c 2D Complex array
-     *
-     * @return complex interleaved {@code float[][]} alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[][] complex2InterleavedFloat(Complex[][] c) {
-        return complex2InterleavedFloat(c, 1);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D {@code Complex[][][]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code float[][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c 3D Complex array
-     * @param interleavedDim Depth level of the array to interleave
-     * @return complex interleaved {@code float[][][]} alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[][][] complex2InterleavedFloat(Complex[][][] c, int interleavedDim) {
-        if (interleavedDim > 2 || interleavedDim < 0) {
-            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(interleavedDim);
-        }
-        final int w = c.length;
-        final int h = c[0].length;
-        final int d = c[0][0].length;
-        float[][][] i;
-        if (interleavedDim == 0) {
-            i = new float[2 * w][h][d];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        i[x * 2][y][z] = (float) c[x][y][z].getReal();
-                        i[x * 2 + 1][y][z] = (float) c[x][y][z].getImaginary();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else if (interleavedDim == 1) {
-            i = new float[w][2 * h][d];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        i[x][y * 2][z] = (float) c[x][y][z].getReal();
-                        i[x][y * 2 + 1][z] = (float) c[x][y][z].getImaginary();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            i = new float[w][h][2 * d];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        i[x][y][z * 2] = (float) c[x][y][z].getReal();
-                        i[x][y][z * 2 + 1] = (float) c[x][y][z].getImaginary();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D {@code Complex[][][]} array to an interleaved complex
-     * {@code float[][][]} array. The third d level of the array is
-     * interleaved.
-     *
-     * @param c 2D Complex array
-     *
-     * @return complex interleaved {@code float[][][]} alternating real and
-     *         imaginary values
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static float[][][] complex2InterleavedFloat(Complex[][][] c) {
-        return complex2InterleavedFloat(c, 2);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D interleaved complex {@code double[][]} array to a
-     * {@code Complex[][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param i 2D complex interleaved array
-     * @param interleavedDim Depth level of the array to interleave
-     * @return 2D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][] interleaved2Complex(double[][] i, int interleavedDim) {
-        if (interleavedDim > 1 || interleavedDim < 0) {
-            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(interleavedDim);
-        }
-        final int w = i.length;
-        final int h = i[0].length;
-        Complex[][] c;
-        if (interleavedDim == 0) {
-            c = new Complex[w / 2][h];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w / 2; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    c[x][y] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x * 2][y], i[x * 2 + 1][y]);
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            c = new Complex[w][h / 2];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h / 2; y++) {
-                    c[x][y] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x][y * 2], i[x][y * 2 + 1]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D interleaved complex {@code double[][]} array to a
-     * {@code Complex[][]} array. The second d level of the array is assumed
-     * to be interleaved.
-     *
-     * @param d 2D complex interleaved array
-     * @return 2D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][] interleaved2Complex(double[][] d) {
-        return interleaved2Complex(d, 1);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D interleaved complex {@code double[][][]} array to a
-     * {@code Complex[][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param i 3D complex interleaved array
-     * @param interleavedDim Depth level of the array to interleave
-     * @return 3D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][] interleaved2Complex(double[][][] i, int interleavedDim) {
-        if (interleavedDim > 2 || interleavedDim < 0) {
-            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(interleavedDim);
-        }
-        final int w = i.length;
-        final int h = i[0].length;
-        final int d = i[0][0].length;
-        Complex[][][] c;
-        if (interleavedDim == 0) {
-            c = new Complex[w / 2][h][d];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w / 2; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        c[x][y][z] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x * 2][y][z], i[x * 2 + 1][y][z]);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else if (interleavedDim == 1) {
-            c = new Complex[w][h / 2][d];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h / 2; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        c[x][y][z] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x][y * 2][z], i[x][y * 2 + 1][z]);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            c = new Complex[w][h][d / 2];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d / 2; z++) {
-                        c[x][y][z] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x][y][z * 2], i[x][y][z * 2 + 1]);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 4D interleaved complex {@code double[][][][]} array to a
-     * {@code Complex[][][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param i 4D complex interleaved array
-     * @param interleavedDim Depth level of the array to interleave
-     * @return 4D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][][] interleaved2Complex(double[][][][] i, int interleavedDim) {
-        if (interleavedDim > 2 || interleavedDim < 0) {
-            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(interleavedDim);
-        }
-        final int w = i.length;
-        final int h = i[0].length;
-        final int d = i[0][0].length;
-        final int v = i[0][0][0].length;
-        Complex[][][][] c;
-        if (interleavedDim == 0) {
-            c = new Complex[w / 2][h][d][v];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w / 2; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        for (int t = 0; t < v; t++) {
-                            c[x][y][z][t] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x * 2][y][z][t], i[x * 2 + 1][y][z][t]);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else if (interleavedDim == 1) {
-            c = new Complex[w][h / 2][d][v];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h / 2; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        for (int t = 0; t < v; t++) {
-                            c[x][y][z][t] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x][y * 2][z][t], i[x][y * 2 + 1][z][t]);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else if (interleavedDim == 2) {
-            c = new Complex[w][h][d / 2][v];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d / 2; z++) {
-                        for (int t = 0; t < v; t++) {
-                            c[x][y][z][t] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x][y][z * 2][t], i[x][y][z * 2 + 1][t]);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            c = new Complex[w][h][d][v / 2];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        for (int t = 0; t < v / 2; t++) {
-                            c[x][y][z][t] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x][y][z][t * 2], i[x][y][z][t * 2 + 1]);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D interleaved complex {@code double[][][]} array to a
-     * {@code Complex[][][]} array. The third d level is assumed to be
-     * interleaved.
-     *
-     * @param d 3D complex interleaved array
-     * @return 3D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][] interleaved2Complex(double[][][] d) {
-        return interleaved2Complex(d, 2);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D interleaved complex {@code float[][]} array to a
-     * {@code Complex[][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param i 2D complex interleaved float array
-     * @param interleavedDim Depth level of the array to interleave
-     * @return 2D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][] interleaved2Complex(float[][] i, int interleavedDim) {
-        if (interleavedDim > 1 || interleavedDim < 0) {
-            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(interleavedDim);
-        }
-        final int w = i.length;
-        final int h = i[0].length;
-        Complex[][] c;
-        if (interleavedDim == 0) {
-            c = new Complex[w / 2][h];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w / 2; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    c[x][y] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x * 2][y], i[x * 2 + 1][y]);
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            c = new Complex[w][h / 2];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h / 2; y++) {
-                    c[x][y] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x][y * 2], i[x][y * 2 + 1]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D interleaved complex {@code float[][]} array to a
-     * {@code Complex[][]} array. The second d level of the array is assumed
-     * to be interleaved.
-     *
-     * @param d 2D complex interleaved float array
-     * @return 2D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][] interleaved2Complex(float[][] d) {
-        return interleaved2Complex(d, 1);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D interleaved complex {@code float[][][]} array to a
-     * {@code Complex[][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param i 3D complex interleaved float array
-     * @param interleavedDim Depth level of the array to interleave
-     * @return 3D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][] interleaved2Complex(float[][][] i, int interleavedDim) {
-        if (interleavedDim > 2 || interleavedDim < 0) {
-            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(interleavedDim);
-        }
-        final int w = i.length;
-        final int h = i[0].length;
-        final int d = i[0][0].length;
-        Complex[][][] c;
-        if (interleavedDim == 0) {
-            c = new Complex[w / 2][h][d];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w/2; x ++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        c[x][y][z] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x * 2][y][z], i[x * 2 + 1][y][z]);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else if (interleavedDim == 1) {
-            c = new Complex[w][h / 2][d];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h/2; y ++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d; z++) {
-                        c[x][y][z] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x][y * 2][z], i[x][y * 2 + 1][z]);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            c = new Complex[w][h][d / 2];
-            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
-                for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
-                    for (int z = 0; z < d/2; z++) {
-                        c[x][y][z] = Complex.ofCartesian(i[x][y][z * 2], i[x][y][z * 2 + 1]);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D interleaved complex {@code float[][][]} array to a
-     * {@code Complex[]} array. The third level of the array is assumed to
-     * be interleaved.
-     *
-     * @param d 3D complex interleaved float array
-     * @return 3D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][] interleaved2Complex(float[][][] d) {
-        return interleaved2Complex(d, 2);
-    }
-
-    // SPLIT METHODS
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a split complex array {@code double[] r, double[] i} to a
-     * {@code Complex[]} array.
-     *
-     * @param real real component
-     * @param imag imaginary component
-     * @return {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[] split2Complex(double[] real, double[] imag) {
-        final int length = real.length;
-        final Complex[] c = new Complex[length];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            c[n] = Complex.ofCartesian(real[n], imag[n]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D split complex array {@code double[][] r, double[][] i} to a
-     * 2D {@code Complex[][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param real real component
-     * @param imag imaginary component
-     * @return 2D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][] split2Complex(double[][] real, double[][] imag) {
-        final int length = real.length;
-        Complex[][] c = new Complex[length][];
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            c[x] = split2Complex(real[x], imag[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D split complex array {@code double[][][] r, double[][][] i}
-     * to a 3D {@code Complex[][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param real real component
-     * @param imag imaginary component
-     * @return 3D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][] split2Complex(double[][][] real, double[][][] imag) {
-        final int length = real.length;
-        Complex[][][] c = new Complex[length][][];
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            c[x] = split2Complex(real[x], imag[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 4D split complex array {@code double[][][][] r, double[][][][] i}
-     * to a 4D {@code Complex[][][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param real real component
-     * @param imag imaginary component
-     * @return 4D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][][] split2Complex(double[][][][] real, double[][][][] imag) {
-        final int length = real.length;
-        Complex[][][][] c = new Complex[length][][][];
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            c[x] = split2Complex(real[x], imag[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a split complex array {@code float[] r, float[] i} to a
-     * {@code Complex[]} array.
-     *
-     * @param real real component
-     * @param imag imaginary component
-     * @return {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[] split2Complex(float[] real, float[] imag) {
-        final int length = real.length;
-        final Complex[] c = new Complex[length];
-        for (int n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-            c[n] = Complex.ofCartesian(real[n], imag[n]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2D split complex array {@code float[][] r, float[][] i} to a
-     * 2D {@code Complex[][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param real real component
-     * @param imag imaginary component
-     * @return 2D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][] split2Complex(float[][] real, float[][] imag) {
-        final int length = real.length;
-        Complex[][] c = new Complex[length][];
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            c[x] = split2Complex(real[x], imag[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 3D split complex array {@code float[][][] r, float[][][] i} to
-     * a 3D {@code Complex[][][]} array.
-     *
-     * @param real real component
-     * @param imag imaginary component
-     * @return 3D {@code Complex} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][] split2Complex(float[][][] real, float[][][] imag) {
-        final int length = real.length;
-        Complex[][][] c = new Complex[length][][];
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            c[x] = split2Complex(real[x], imag[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    // MISC
-
-    /**
-     * Initializes a {@code Complex[]} array to zero, to avoid
-     * NullPointerExceptions.
-     *
-     * @param c Complex array
-     * @return c
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[] initialize(Complex[] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            c[x] = Complex.ZERO;
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Initializes a {@code Complex[][]} array to zero, to avoid
-     * NullPointerExceptions.
-     *
-     * @param c {@code Complex} array
-     * @return c
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][] initialize(Complex[][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            c[x] = initialize(c[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Initializes a {@code Complex[][][]} array to zero, to avoid
-     * NullPointerExceptions.
-     *
-     * @param c {@code Complex} array
-     * @return c
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static Complex[][][] initialize(Complex[][][] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            c[x] = initialize(c[x]);
-        }
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns {@code double[]} containing absolute values (magnitudes) of a
-     * {@code Complex[]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c {@code Complex} array
-     * @return {@code double[]}
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[] abs(Complex[] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        final double[] i = new double[length];
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            i[x] = c[x].abs();
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns {@code double[]} containing arguments (phase angles) of a
-     * {@code Complex[]} array.
-     *
-     * @param c {@code Complex} array
-     * @return {@code double[]} array
-     *
-     * @since 1.0
-     */
-    public static double[] arg(Complex[] c) {
-        final int length = c.length;
-        final double[] i = new double[length];
-        for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
-            i[x] = c[x].getArgument();
-        }
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Exception to be throw when a negative value is passed as the modulus.
-     */
-    private static class NegativeModulusException extends IllegalArgumentException {
-        /**
-         * @param r Wrong modulus.
-         */
-        NegativeModulusException(double r) {
-            super("Modulus is negative: " + r);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Exception to be throw when an out-of-range index value is passed.
-     */
-    private static class IndexOutOfRangeException extends IllegalArgumentException {
-        /**
-         * @param i Wrong index.
-         */
-        IndexOutOfRangeException(int i) {
-            super("Out of range: " + i);
-        }
-    }
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-numbers/blob/40418955/commons-numbers-complex/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/commons-numbers-complex/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexTest.java b/commons-numbers-complex/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexTest.java
index ad73c14..a45fff6 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-complex/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexTest.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-complex/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexTest.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.complex;
 import java.util.List;
 
 import org.apache.commons.numbers.complex.Complex;
-import org.apache.commons.numbers.complex.ComplexUtils;
 import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -599,8 +598,8 @@ public class ComplexTest {
             double theta = 0;
             for (int j = 0; j < 11; j++) {
                 theta += pi / 12;
-                Complex z = ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(r, theta);
-                Complex sqrtz = ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(Math.sqrt(r), theta / 2);
+                Complex z = Complex.ofPolar(r, theta);
+                Complex sqrtz = Complex.ofPolar(Math.sqrt(r), theta / 2);
                 TestUtils.assertEquals(sqrtz, z.sqrt(), tol);
             }
         }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-numbers/blob/40418955/commons-numbers-complex/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexUtilsTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/commons-numbers-complex/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexUtilsTest.java b/commons-numbers-complex/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexUtilsTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f2cac2..0000000
--- a/commons-numbers-complex/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/complex/ComplexUtilsTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,476 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package org.apache.commons.numbers.complex;
-
-import org.apache.commons.numbers.complex.Complex;
-import org.apache.commons.numbers.complex.ComplexUtils;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-/**
- */
-public class ComplexUtilsTest {
-
-    private static final double inf = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-    private static final double negInf = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-    private static final double nan = Double.NaN;
-    private static final double pi = Math.PI;
-
-    private static final Complex negInfInf = Complex.ofCartesian(negInf, inf);
-    private static final Complex infNegInf = Complex.ofCartesian(inf, negInf);
-    private static final Complex infInf = Complex.ofCartesian(inf, inf);
-    private static final Complex negInfNegInf = Complex.ofCartesian(negInf, negInf);
-    private static final Complex infNaN = Complex.ofCartesian(inf, nan);
-    private static final Complex NAN = Complex.ofCartesian(nan, nan);
-
-    private static Complex c[]; // complex array with real values even and imag
-                                // values odd
-    private static Complex cr[]; // complex array with real values consecutive
-    private static Complex ci[]; // complex array with imag values consecutive
-    private static double d[]; // real array with consecutive vals
-    private static double di[]; // real array with consecutive vals,
-                                // 'interleaved' length
-    private static float f[]; // real array with consecutive vals
-    private static float fi[]; // real array with consec vals, interleaved
-                               // length
-    private static double sr[]; // real component of split array, evens
-    private static double si[]; // imag component of split array, odds
-    private static float sfr[]; // real component of split array, float, evens
-    private static float sfi[]; // imag component of split array, float, odds
-    static Complex ans1, ans2; // answers to single value extraction methods
-    static Complex[] ansArrayc1r, ansArrayc1i, ansArrayc2r, ansArrayc2i, ansArrayc3, ansArrayc4; // answers
-                                                                                                 // to
-                                                                                                 // range
-                                                                                                 // extraction
-                                                                                                 // methods
-    static double[] ansArrayd1r, ansArrayd2r, ansArrayd1i, ansArrayd2i, ansArraydi1, ansArraydi2;
-    static float[] ansArrayf1r, ansArrayf2r, ansArrayf1i, ansArrayf2i, ansArrayfi1, ansArrayfi2;
-    static String msg; // error message for AssertEquals
-    static Complex[][] c2d, cr2d, ci2d; // for 2d methods
-    static Complex[][][] c3d, cr3d, ci3d; // for 3d methods
-    static double[][] d2d, di2d, sr2d, si2d;
-    static double[][][] d3d, di3d, sr3d, si3d;
-    static float[][] f2d, fi2d, sfr2d, sfi2d;
-    static float[][][] f3d, fi3d, sfr3d, sfi3d;
-
-    private static void setArrays() { // initial setup method
-        c = new Complex[10];
-        cr = new Complex[10];
-        ci = new Complex[10];
-        d = new double[10];
-        f = new float[10];
-        di = new double[20];
-        fi = new float[20];
-        sr = new double[10];
-        si = new double[10];
-        sfr = new float[10];
-        sfi = new float[10];
-        c2d = new Complex[10][10];
-        cr2d = new Complex[10][10];
-        ci2d = new Complex[10][10];
-        c3d = new Complex[10][10][10];
-        cr3d = new Complex[10][10][10];
-        ci3d = new Complex[10][10][10];
-        d2d = new double[10][10];
-        d3d = new double[10][10][10];
-        f2d = new float[10][10];
-        f3d = new float[10][10][10];
-        sr2d = new double[10][10];
-        sr3d = new double[10][10][10];
-        si2d = new double[10][10];
-        si3d = new double[10][10][10];
-        sfr2d = new float[10][10];
-        sfr3d = new float[10][10][10];
-        sfi2d = new float[10][10];
-        sfi3d = new float[10][10][10];
-        di2d = new double[10][20];
-        di3d = new double[10][10][20];
-        fi2d = new float[10][20];
-        fi3d = new float[10][10][20];
-        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i += 2) {
-            d[i / 2] = i / 2;
-            f[i / 2] = i / 2;
-            di[i] = i;
-            di[i + 1] = i + 1;
-            fi[i] = i;
-            fi[i + 1] = i + 1;
-            c[i / 2] = Complex.ofCartesian(i, i + 1);
-            cr[i / 2] = Complex.ofReal(i / 2);
-            ci[i / 2] = Complex.ofCartesian(0, i / 2);
-            sr[i / 2] = i;
-            si[i / 2] = i + 1;
-            sfr[i / 2] = i;
-            sfi[i / 2] = i + 1;
-        }
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < 20; j += 2) {
-                d2d[i][j / 2] = 10 * i + j / 2;
-                f2d[i][j / 2] = 10 * i + j / 2;
-                sr2d[i][j / 2] = 10 * i + j;
-                si2d[i][j / 2] = 10 * i + j + 1;
-                sfr2d[i][j / 2] = 10 * i + j;
-                sfi2d[i][j / 2] = 10 * i + j + 1;
-                di2d[i][j] = 10 * i + j;
-                di2d[i][j + 1] = 10 * i + j + 1;
-                fi2d[i][j] = 10 * i + j;
-                fi2d[i][j + 1] = 10 * i + j + 1;
-                c2d[i][j / 2] = Complex.ofCartesian(10 * i + j, 10 * i + j + 1);
-                cr2d[i][j / 2] = Complex.ofReal(10 * i + j / 2);
-                ci2d[i][j / 2] = Complex.ofCartesian(0, 10 * i + j / 2);
-            }
-        }
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                for (int k = 0; k < 20; k += 2) {
-                    d3d[i][j][k / 2] = 100 * i + 10 * j + k / 2;
-                    f3d[i][j][k / 2] = 100 * i + 10 * j + k / 2;
-                    sr3d[i][j][k / 2] = 100 * i + 10 * j + k;
-                    si3d[i][j][k / 2] = 100 * i + 10 * j + k + 1;
-                    sfr3d[i][j][k / 2] = 100 * i + 10 * j + k;
-                    sfi3d[i][j][k / 2] = 100 * i + 10 * j + k + 1;
-                    di3d[i][j][k] = 100 * i + 10 * j + k;
-                    di3d[i][j][k + 1] = 100 * i + 10 * j + k + 1;
-                    fi3d[i][j][k] = 100 * i + 10 * j + k;
-                    fi3d[i][j][k + 1] = 100 * i + 10 * j + k + 1;
-                    c3d[i][j][k / 2] = Complex.ofCartesian(100 * i + 10 * j + k, 100 * i + 10 * j + k + 1);
-                    cr3d[i][j][k / 2] = Complex.ofReal(100 * i + 10 * j + k / 2);
-                    ci3d[i][j][k / 2] = Complex.ofCartesian(0, 100 * i + 10 * j + k / 2);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        ansArrayc1r = new Complex[] { Complex.ofReal(3), Complex.ofReal(4), Complex.ofReal(5), Complex.ofReal(6), Complex.ofReal(7) };
-        ansArrayc2r = new Complex[] { Complex.ofReal(3), Complex.ofReal(5), Complex.ofReal(7) };
-        ansArrayc1i = new Complex[] { Complex.ofCartesian(0, 3), Complex.ofCartesian(0, 4), Complex.ofCartesian(0, 5), Complex.ofCartesian(0, 6),
-                Complex.ofCartesian(0, 7) };
-        ansArrayc2i = new Complex[] { Complex.ofCartesian(0, 3), Complex.ofCartesian(0, 5), Complex.ofCartesian(0, 7) };
-        ansArrayc3 = new Complex[] { Complex.ofCartesian(6, 7), Complex.ofCartesian(8, 9), Complex.ofCartesian(10, 11), Complex.ofCartesian(12, 13),
-                Complex.ofCartesian(14, 15) };
-        ansArrayc4 = new Complex[] { Complex.ofCartesian(6, 7), Complex.ofCartesian(10, 11), Complex.ofCartesian(14, 15) };
-        ansArrayd1r = new double[] { 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 };
-        ansArrayd1i = new double[] { 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 };
-        ansArrayd2r = new double[] { 6, 10, 14 };
-        ansArrayd2i = new double[] { 7, 11, 15 };
-        ansArrayf1r = new float[] { 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 };
-        ansArrayf1i = new float[] { 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 };
-        ansArrayf2r = new float[] { 6, 10, 14 };
-        ansArrayf2i = new float[] { 7, 11, 15 };
-        ansArraydi1 = new double[] { 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 };
-        ansArrayfi1 = new float[] { 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 };
-        ansArraydi2 = new double[] { 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15 };
-        ansArrayfi2 = new float[] { 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15 };
-        msg = "";
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPolar2Complex() {
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(Complex.ONE, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(1, 0), 10e-12);
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(Complex.ZERO, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(0, 1), 10e-12);
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(Complex.ZERO, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(0, -1), 10e-12);
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(Complex.I, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(1, pi / 2), 10e-12);
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(Complex.I.negate(), ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(1, -pi / 2), 10e-12);
-        double r = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-            r += i;
-            double theta = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
-                theta += pi / 6;
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(altPolar(r, theta), ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(r, theta), 10e-12);
-            }
-            theta = -2 * pi;
-            for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
-                theta -= pi / 6;
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(altPolar(r, theta), ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(r, theta), 10e-12);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    protected Complex altPolar(double r, double theta) {
-        return Complex.I.multiply(Complex.ofCartesian(theta, 0)).exp().multiply(Complex.ofCartesian(r, 0));
-    }
-
-    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-    public void testPolar2ComplexIllegalModulus() {
-        ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(-1, 0);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPolar2ComplexNaN() {
-        TestUtils.assertSame(NAN, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(nan, 1));
-        TestUtils.assertSame(NAN, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(1, nan));
-        TestUtils.assertSame(NAN, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(nan, nan));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPolar2ComplexInf() {
-        TestUtils.assertSame(NAN, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(1, inf));
-        TestUtils.assertSame(NAN, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(1, negInf));
-        TestUtils.assertSame(NAN, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(inf, inf));
-        TestUtils.assertSame(NAN, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(inf, negInf));
-        TestUtils.assertSame(infInf, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(inf, pi / 4));
-        TestUtils.assertSame(infNaN, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(inf, 0));
-        TestUtils.assertSame(infNegInf, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(inf, -pi / 4));
-        TestUtils.assertSame(negInfInf, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(inf, 3 * pi / 4));
-        TestUtils.assertSame(negInfNegInf, ComplexUtils.polar2Complex(inf, 5 * pi / 4));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testCExtract() {
-        final double[] real = new double[] { negInf, -123.45, 0, 1, 234.56, pi, inf };
-        final Complex[] complex = ComplexUtils.real2Complex(real);
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < real.length; i++) {
-            Assert.assertEquals(real[i], complex[i].getReal(), 0d);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // EXTRACTION METHODS
-
-    @Test
-    public void testExtractionMethods() {
-        setArrays();
-        // Extract complex from real double array, index 3
-        TestUtils.assertSame(Complex.ofReal(3), ComplexUtils.extractComplexFromRealArray(d, 3));
-        // Extract complex from real float array, index 3
-        TestUtils.assertSame(Complex.ofReal(3), ComplexUtils.extractComplexFromRealArray(f, 3));
-        // Extract real double from complex array, index 3
-        TestUtils.assertSame(6, ComplexUtils.extractRealFromComplexArray(c, 3));
-        // Extract real float from complex array, index 3
-        TestUtils.assertSame(6, ComplexUtils.extractRealFloatFromComplexArray(c, 3));
-        // Extract complex from interleaved double array, index 3
-        TestUtils.assertSame(Complex.ofCartesian(6, 7), ComplexUtils.extractComplexFromInterleavedArray(d, 3));
-        // Extract complex from interleaved float array, index 3
-        TestUtils.assertSame(Complex.ofCartesian(6, 7), ComplexUtils.extractComplexFromInterleavedArray(f, 3));
-        // Extract interleaved double from complex array, index 3
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, new double[] { 6, 7 }, ComplexUtils.extractInterleavedFromComplexArray(c, 3),
-                Math.ulp(1));
-        // Extract interleaved float from complex array, index 3
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, new double[] { 6, 7 }, ComplexUtils.extractInterleavedFromComplexArray(c, 3),
-                Math.ulp(1));
-        if (!msg.equals("")) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
-        }
-    }
-    // REAL <-> COMPLEX
-
-    @Test
-    public void testRealToComplex() {
-        setArrays();
-        // Real double to complex, range 3-7, increment 1, entered as ints
-        // Real double to complex, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, cr, ComplexUtils.real2Complex(d),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        // Real float to complex, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, cr, ComplexUtils.real2Complex(f),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        // 2d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            // Real double to complex, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, cr2d[i], ComplexUtils.real2Complex(d2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-            // Real float to complex, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, cr2d[i], ComplexUtils.real2Complex(f2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        }
-        // 3d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                // Real double to complex, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, cr3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.real2Complex(d3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-                // Real float to complex, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, cr3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.real2Complex(f3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-            }
-        }
-        if (!msg.equals("")) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testComplexToReal() {
-        setArrays();
-        // Real complex to double, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, sr, ComplexUtils.complex2Real(c),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        // Real complex to float, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, sfr, ComplexUtils.complex2RealFloat(c),Math.ulp(1.0f));
-        // 2d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            // Real complex to double, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, sr2d[i], ComplexUtils.complex2Real(c2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-            // Real complex to float, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, sfr2d[i], ComplexUtils.complex2RealFloat(c2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0f));
-        }
-        // 3d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                // Real complex to double, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, sr3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.complex2Real(c3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-                // Real complex to float, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, sfr3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.complex2RealFloat(c3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0f));
-            }
-        }
-        if (!msg.equals("")) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // IMAGINARY <-> COMPLEX
-
-    @Test
-    public void testImaginaryToComplex() {
-        setArrays();
-        // Imaginary double to complex, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, ci, ComplexUtils.imaginary2Complex(d),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        // Imaginary float to complex, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, ci, ComplexUtils.imaginary2Complex(f),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        // 2d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            // Imaginary double to complex, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, ci2d[i], ComplexUtils.imaginary2Complex(d2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-            // Imaginary float to complex, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, ci2d[i], ComplexUtils.imaginary2Complex(f2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        }
-        // 3d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                // Imaginary double to complex, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, ci3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.imaginary2Complex(d3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-                // Imaginary float to complex, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, ci3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.imaginary2Complex(f3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-            }
-        }
-        if (!msg.equals("")) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testComplexToImaginary() {
-        setArrays();
-        // Imaginary complex to double, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, si, ComplexUtils.complex2Imaginary(c),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        // Imaginary complex to float, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, sfi, ComplexUtils.complex2ImaginaryFloat(c),Math.ulp(1.0f));
-        // 2d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            // Imaginary complex to double, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, si2d[i], ComplexUtils.complex2Imaginary(c2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-            // Imaginary complex to float, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, sfi2d[i], ComplexUtils.complex2ImaginaryFloat(c2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0f));
-        }
-        // 3d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                // Imaginary complex to double, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, si3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.complex2Imaginary(c3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-                // Imaginary complex to float, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, sfi3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.complex2ImaginaryFloat(c3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0f));
-            }
-        }
-        if (!msg.equals("")) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // INTERLEAVED <-> COMPLEX
-
-    @Test
-    public void testInterleavedToComplex() {
-        setArrays();
-        // Interleaved double to complex, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, c, ComplexUtils.interleaved2Complex(di),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        // Interleaved float to complex, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, c, ComplexUtils.interleaved2Complex(fi),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        // 2d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            // Interleaved double to complex, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, c2d[i], ComplexUtils.interleaved2Complex(di2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-            // Interleaved float to complex, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, c2d[i], ComplexUtils.interleaved2Complex(fi2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        }
-        // 3d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                // Interleaved double to complex, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, c3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.interleaved2Complex(di3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-                // Interleaved float to complex, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, c3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.interleaved2Complex(fi3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-            }
-        }
-        if (!msg.equals("")) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testComplexToInterleaved() {
-        setArrays();
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, di, ComplexUtils.complex2Interleaved(c),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        // Interleaved complex to float, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, fi, ComplexUtils.complex2InterleavedFloat(c),Math.ulp(1.0f));
-        // 2d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            // Interleaved complex to double, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, di2d[i], ComplexUtils.complex2Interleaved(c2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-            // Interleaved complex to float, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, fi2d[i], ComplexUtils.complex2InterleavedFloat(c2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0f));
-        }
-        // 3d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                // Interleaved complex to double, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, di3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.complex2Interleaved(c3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-                // Interleaved complex to float, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, fi3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.complex2InterleavedFloat(c3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0f));
-            }
-        }
-        if (!msg.equals("")) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // SPLIT TO COMPLEX
-    @Test
-    public void testSplit2Complex() {
-        setArrays();
-        // Split double to complex, whole array
-        TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, c, ComplexUtils.split2Complex(sr, si),Math.ulp(1.0));
-
-        // 2d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            // Split double to complex, 2d
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, c2d[i], ComplexUtils.split2Complex(sr2d[i], si2d[i]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-        }
-        // 3d
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                // Split double to complex, 3d
-                TestUtils.assertEquals(msg, c3d[i][j], ComplexUtils.split2Complex(sr3d[i][j], si3d[i][j]),Math.ulp(1.0));
-            }
-        }
-        if (!msg.equals("")) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // INITIALIZATION METHODS
-
-    @Test
-    public void testInitialize() {
-        Complex[] c = new Complex[10];
-        ComplexUtils.initialize(c);
-        for (Complex cc : c) {
-            TestUtils.assertEquals(Complex.ofCartesian(0, 0), cc, Math.ulp(0));
-        }
-    }
-}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-numbers/blob/40418955/pom.xml
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/pom.xml b/pom.xml
index 15f9908..433ee42 100644
--- a/pom.xml
+++ b/pom.xml
@@ -81,6 +81,11 @@
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+      <artifactId>commons-numbers-complex</artifactId>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-core</artifactId>
       <version>${project.version}</version>
       <type>test-jar</type>
@@ -595,6 +600,7 @@
   <modules>
     <module>commons-numbers-core</module>
     <module>commons-numbers-complex</module>
+    <module>commons-numbers-complex-streams</module>
     <module>commons-numbers-primes</module>
     <module>commons-numbers-quaternion</module>
     <module>commons-numbers-fraction</module>