You are viewing a plain text version of this content. The canonical link for it is here.
Posted to commits@cassandra.apache.org by ty...@apache.org on 2016/08/23 20:58:09 UTC
svn commit: r1757435 [20/30] - in /cassandra/site/publish/doc: 3.10/
3.10/architecture/ 3.10/configuration/ 3.10/cql/ 3.10/data_modeling/
3.10/development/ 3.10/faq/ 3.10/getting_started/ 3.10/operating/
3.10/tools/ 3.10/troubleshooting/ latest/ latest...
Added: cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/compression.html
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/compression.html?rev=1757435&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/compression.html (added)
+++ cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/compression.html Tue Aug 23 20:58:08 2016
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+
+
+
+
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <meta name="description" content="The Apache Cassandra database is the right choice when you need scalability and high availability without compromising performance. Linear scalability and proven fault-tolerance on commodity hardware or cloud infrastructure make it the perfect platform for mission-critical data. Cassandra's support for replicating across multiple datacenters is best-in-class, providing lower latency for your users and the peace of mind of knowing that you can survive regional outages.
+">
+ <meta name="keywords" content="cassandra, apache, apache cassandra, distributed storage, key value store, scalability, bigtable, dynamo" />
+ <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" />
+ <meta name="language" content="en" />
+
+ <title>Documentation</title>
+
+ <link rel="canonical" href="http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/3.10/operating/compression.html">
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-1q8mTJOASx8j1Au+a5WDVnPi2lkFfwwEAa8hDDdjZlpLegxhjVME1fgjWPGmkzs7" crossorigin="anonymous">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="./../../../css/style.css">
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="./../../../css/sphinx.css">
+
+
+ <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v3.10" href="../index.html"/> <link rel="up" title="Operating Cassandra" href="index.html"/> <link rel="next" title="Change Data Capture" href="cdc.html"/> <link rel="prev" title="Bloom Filters" href="bloom_filters.html"/>
+</head>
+
+ <body>
+ <!-- breadcrumbs -->
+<div class="topnav">
+ <div class="container breadcrumb-container">
+ <ul class="breadcrumb">
+ <li>
+ <div class="dropdown">
+ <img class="asf-logo" src="./../../../img/asf_feather.png" />
+ <a data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Apache Software Foundation <span class="caret"></span></a>
+ <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel">
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org">Apache Homepage</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+
+
+ <li><a href="./../../../">Apache Cassandra</a></li>
+
+
+
+
+ <li><a href="./../../../doc">Documentation</a></li>
+
+
+
+
+ <li><a href="./">Operating Cassandra</a></li>
+
+
+
+ <li>Compression</li>
+
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- navbar -->
+ <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top" role="navigation">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="navbar-header">
+ <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#cassandra-menu" aria-expanded="false">
+ <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ </button>
+ <a class="navbar-brand" href="./../../../"><img src="./../../../img/cassandra_logo.png" alt="Apache Cassandra logo" /></a>
+ </div><!-- /.navbar-header -->
+
+ <div id="cassandra-menu" class="collapse navbar-collapse">
+ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+ <li><a href="./../../../">Home</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../download/">Download</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../doc/">Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../community/">Community</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div><!-- /#cassandra-menu -->
+
+
+ </div>
+ </nav><!-- /.navbar -->
+</div><!-- /.topnav -->
+
+ <div class="container-fluid">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-md-2">
+ <div class="doc-navigation">
+ <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation">
+ <div class="navbar-header">
+ <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse">
+ <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ </button>
+ </div>
+ <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse">
+ <form id="doc-search-form" class="navbar-form" action="../search.html" method="get" role="search">
+ <div class="form-group">
+ <input type="text" size="30" class="form-control input-sm" name="q" placeholder="Search docs">
+ <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
+ <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
+ </div>
+ </form>
+
+
+
+ <ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data_modeling/index.html">Data Modeling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Operating Cassandra</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html">Repair</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html">Read repair</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html">Hints</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html">Compaction</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html">Bloom Filters</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Compression</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-compression">Configuring Compression</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#benefits-and-uses">Benefits and Uses</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#operational-impact">Operational Impact</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#advanced-use">Advanced Use</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html">Change Data Capture</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html">Backups</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html">Bulk Loading</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html">Monitoring</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html">Hardware Choices</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Cassandra Development</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs and Contributing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-8">
+ <div class="content doc-content">
+ <div class="container">
+
+ <div class="section" id="compression">
+<h1>Compression<a class="headerlink" href="#compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>Cassandra offers operators the ability to configure compression on a per-table basis. Compression reduces the size of
+data on disk by compressing the SSTable in user-configurable compression <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chunk_length_in_kb</span></code>. Because Cassandra
+SSTables are immutable, the CPU cost of compressing is only necessary when the SSTable is written - subsequent updates
+to data will land in different SSTables, so Cassandra will not need to decompress, overwrite, and recompress data when
+UPDATE commands are issued. On reads, Cassandra will locate the relevant compressed chunks on disk, decompress the full
+chunk, and then proceed with the remainder of the read path (merging data from disks and memtables, read repair, and so
+on).</p>
+<div class="section" id="configuring-compression">
+<h2>Configuring Compression<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Compression is configured on a per-table basis as an optional argument to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CREATE</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALTER</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code>. By
+default, three options are relevant:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">class</span></code> specifies the compression class - Cassandra provides three classes (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LZ4Compressor</span></code>,
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SnappyCompressor</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DeflateCompressor</span></code> ). The default is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SnappyCompressor</span></code>.</li>
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chunk_length_in_kb</span></code> specifies the number of kilobytes of data per compression chunk. The default is 64KB.</li>
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">crc_check_chance</span></code> determines how likely Cassandra is to verify the checksum on each compression chunk during
+reads. The default is 1.0.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Users can set compression using the following syntax:</p>
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>CREATE TABLE keyspace.table (id int PRIMARY KEY) WITH compression = {'class': 'LZ4Compressor'};
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Or</p>
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ALTER TABLE keyspace.table WITH compression = {'class': 'SnappyCompressor', 'chunk_length_in_kb': 128, 'crc_check_chance': 0.5};
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Once enabled, compression can be disabled with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALTER</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code> setting <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">enabled</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">false</span></code>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ALTER TABLE keyspace.table WITH compression = {'enabled':'false'};
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Operators should be aware, however, that changing compression is not immediate. The data is compressed when the SSTable
+is written, and as SSTables are immutable, the compression will not be modified until the table is compacted. Upon
+issuing a change to the compression options via <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALTER</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code>, the existing SSTables will not be modified until they
+are compacted - if an operator needs compression changes to take effect immediately, the operator can trigger an SSTable
+rewrite using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nodetool</span> <span class="pre">scrub</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nodetool</span> <span class="pre">upgradesstables</span> <span class="pre">-a</span></code>, both of which will rebuild the SSTables on disk,
+re-compressing the data in the process.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="benefits-and-uses">
+<h2>Benefits and Uses<a class="headerlink" href="#benefits-and-uses" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Compression’s primary benefit is that it reduces the amount of data written to disk. Not only does the reduced size save
+in storage requirements, it often increases read and write throughput, as the CPU overhead of compressing data is faster
+than the time it would take to read or write the larger volume of uncompressed data from disk.</p>
+<p>Compression is most useful in tables comprised of many rows, where the rows are similar in nature. Tables containing
+similar text columns (such as repeated JSON blobs) often compress very well.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="operational-impact">
+<h2>Operational Impact<a class="headerlink" href="#operational-impact" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>Compression metadata is stored off-heap and scales with data on disk. This often requires 1-3GB of off-heap RAM per
+terabyte of data on disk, though the exact usage varies with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chunk_length_in_kb</span></code> and compression ratios.</li>
+<li>Streaming operations involve compressing and decompressing data on compressed tables - in some code paths (such as
+non-vnode bootstrap), the CPU overhead of compression can be a limiting factor.</li>
+<li>The compression path checksums data to ensure correctness - while the traditional Cassandra read path does not have a
+way to ensure correctness of data on disk, compressed tables allow the user to set <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">crc_check_chance</span></code> (a float from
+0.0 to 1.0) to allow Cassandra to probabilistically validate chunks on read to verify bits on disk are not corrupt.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="advanced-use">
+<h2>Advanced Use<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-use" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Advanced users can provide their own compression class by implementing the interface at
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.ICompressor</span></code>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="doc-prev-next-links" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="cdc.html" class="btn btn-default pull-right " role="button" title="Change Data Capture" accesskey="n">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="bloom_filters.html" class="btn btn-default" role="button" title="Bloom Filters" accesskey="p"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-2">
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+ <footer>
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="col-md-4 social-blk">
+ <span class="social">
+ <a href="https://twitter.com/cassandra"
+ class="twitter-follow-button"
+ data-show-count="false" data-size="large">Follow @cassandra</a>
+ <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>
+ <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?button_hashtag=cassandra"
+ class="twitter-hashtag-button"
+ data-size="large"
+ data-related="ApacheCassandra">Tweet #cassandra</a>
+ <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>
+ </span>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="col-md-8 trademark">
+ <p>© 2016 <a href="http://apache.org">The Apache Software Foundation</a>.
+ Apache, the Apache feather logo, and Apache Cassandra are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.
+ <p>
+ </div>
+ </div><!-- /.container -->
+</footer>
+
+<!-- Javascript. Placed here so pages load faster -->
+<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
+<script src="./../../../js/underscore-min.js"></script>
+<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-0mSbJDEHialfmuBBQP6A4Qrprq5OVfW37PRR3j5ELqxss1yVqOtnepnHVP9aJ7xS" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+
+
+<script src="./../../../js/doctools.js"></script>
+<script src="./../../../js/searchtools.js"></script>
+
+ <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: "", VERSION: "", COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: ".html", HAS_SOURCE: false, SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: "" }; </script>
+
+<script type="text/javascript">
+$(function() {
+ // Stick the #nav to the top of the window
+ var nav = $('.doc-navigation');
+ var navHomeY = nav.offset().top;
+ var isFixed = false;
+ var $w = $(window);
+ $w.scroll(function() {
+ var scrollTop = $w.scrollTop();
+ var shouldBeFixed = $w.width() > 991 && scrollTop >= navHomeY - 10;
+ if (shouldBeFixed && !isFixed) {
+ nav.css({
+ position: 'fixed',
+ top: 0,
+ left: nav.offset().left,
+ width: nav.width(),
+ });
+ nav.addClass('fixed-navigation');
+ isFixed = true;
+ }
+ else if (!shouldBeFixed && isFixed)
+ {
+ nav.css({
+ position: 'static'
+ });
+ nav.removeClass('fixed-navigation');
+ isFixed = false;
+ }
+ });
+});
+</script>
+
+
+<script type="text/javascript">
+ var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
+ document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
+
+ try {
+ var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-11583863-1");
+ pageTracker._trackPageview();
+ } catch(err) {}
+</script>
+
+
+ </body>
+</html>
Added: cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/hardware.html
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/hardware.html?rev=1757435&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/hardware.html (added)
+++ cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/hardware.html Tue Aug 23 20:58:08 2016
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+
+
+
+
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <meta name="description" content="The Apache Cassandra database is the right choice when you need scalability and high availability without compromising performance. Linear scalability and proven fault-tolerance on commodity hardware or cloud infrastructure make it the perfect platform for mission-critical data. Cassandra's support for replicating across multiple datacenters is best-in-class, providing lower latency for your users and the peace of mind of knowing that you can survive regional outages.
+">
+ <meta name="keywords" content="cassandra, apache, apache cassandra, distributed storage, key value store, scalability, bigtable, dynamo" />
+ <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" />
+ <meta name="language" content="en" />
+
+ <title>Documentation</title>
+
+ <link rel="canonical" href="http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/3.10/operating/hardware.html">
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-1q8mTJOASx8j1Au+a5WDVnPi2lkFfwwEAa8hDDdjZlpLegxhjVME1fgjWPGmkzs7" crossorigin="anonymous">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="./../../../css/style.css">
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="./../../../css/sphinx.css">
+
+
+ <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v3.10" href="../index.html"/> <link rel="up" title="Operating Cassandra" href="index.html"/> <link rel="next" title="Cassandra Tools" href="../tools/index.html"/> <link rel="prev" title="Security" href="security.html"/>
+</head>
+
+ <body>
+ <!-- breadcrumbs -->
+<div class="topnav">
+ <div class="container breadcrumb-container">
+ <ul class="breadcrumb">
+ <li>
+ <div class="dropdown">
+ <img class="asf-logo" src="./../../../img/asf_feather.png" />
+ <a data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Apache Software Foundation <span class="caret"></span></a>
+ <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel">
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org">Apache Homepage</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+
+
+ <li><a href="./../../../">Apache Cassandra</a></li>
+
+
+
+
+ <li><a href="./../../../doc">Documentation</a></li>
+
+
+
+
+ <li><a href="./">Operating Cassandra</a></li>
+
+
+
+ <li>Hardware Choices</li>
+
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- navbar -->
+ <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top" role="navigation">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="navbar-header">
+ <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#cassandra-menu" aria-expanded="false">
+ <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ </button>
+ <a class="navbar-brand" href="./../../../"><img src="./../../../img/cassandra_logo.png" alt="Apache Cassandra logo" /></a>
+ </div><!-- /.navbar-header -->
+
+ <div id="cassandra-menu" class="collapse navbar-collapse">
+ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+ <li><a href="./../../../">Home</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../download/">Download</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../doc/">Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../community/">Community</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div><!-- /#cassandra-menu -->
+
+
+ </div>
+ </nav><!-- /.navbar -->
+</div><!-- /.topnav -->
+
+ <div class="container-fluid">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-md-2">
+ <div class="doc-navigation">
+ <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation">
+ <div class="navbar-header">
+ <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse">
+ <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ </button>
+ </div>
+ <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse">
+ <form id="doc-search-form" class="navbar-form" action="../search.html" method="get" role="search">
+ <div class="form-group">
+ <input type="text" size="30" class="form-control input-sm" name="q" placeholder="Search docs">
+ <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
+ <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
+ </div>
+ </form>
+
+
+
+ <ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data_modeling/index.html">Data Modeling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Operating Cassandra</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html">Repair</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html">Read repair</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html">Hints</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html">Compaction</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html">Bloom Filters</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html">Compression</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html">Change Data Capture</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html">Backups</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html">Bulk Loading</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html">Monitoring</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Hardware Choices</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#cpu">CPU</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#memory">Memory</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#disks">Disks</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#common-cloud-choices">Common Cloud Choices</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Cassandra Development</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs and Contributing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-8">
+ <div class="content doc-content">
+ <div class="container">
+
+ <div class="section" id="hardware-choices">
+<h1>Hardware Choices<a class="headerlink" href="#hardware-choices" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>Like most databases, Cassandra throughput improves with more CPU cores, more RAM, and faster disks. While Cassandra can
+be made to run on small servers for testing or development environments (including Raspberry Pis), a minimal production
+server requires at least 2 cores, and at least 8GB of RAM. Typical production servers have 8 or more cores and at least
+32GB of RAM.</p>
+<div class="section" id="cpu">
+<h2>CPU<a class="headerlink" href="#cpu" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Cassandra is highly concurrent, handling many simultaneous requests (both read and write) using multiple threads running
+on as many CPU cores as possible. The Cassandra write path tends to be heavily optimized (writing to the commitlog and
+then inserting the data into the memtable), so writes, in particular, tend to be CPU bound. Consequently, adding
+additional CPU cores often increases throughput of both reads and writes.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="memory">
+<h2>Memory<a class="headerlink" href="#memory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Cassandra runs within a Java VM, which will pre-allocate a fixed size heap (java’s Xmx system parameter). In addition to
+the heap, Cassandra will use significant amounts of RAM offheap for compression metadata, bloom filters, row, key, and
+counter caches, and an in process page cache. Finally, Cassandra will take advantage of the operating system’s page
+cache, storing recently accessed portions files in RAM for rapid re-use.</p>
+<p>For optimal performance, operators should benchmark and tune their clusters based on their individual workload. However,
+basic guidelines suggest:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>ECC RAM should always be used, as Cassandra has few internal safeguards to protect against bit level corruption</li>
+<li>The Cassandra heap should be no less than 2GB, and no more than 50% of your system RAM</li>
+<li>Heaps smaller than 12GB should consider ParNew/ConcurrentMarkSweep garbage collection</li>
+<li>Heaps larger than 12GB should consider G1GC</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="disks">
+<h2>Disks<a class="headerlink" href="#disks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Cassandra persists data to disk for two very different purposes. The first is to the commitlog when a new write is made
+so that it can be replayed after a crash or system shutdown. The second is to the data directory when thresholds are
+exceeded and memtables are flushed to disk as SSTables.</p>
+<p>Commitlogs receive every write made to a Cassandra node and have the potential to block client operations, but they are
+only ever read on node start-up. SSTable (data file) writes on the other hand occur asynchronously, but are read to
+satisfy client look-ups. SSTables are also periodically merged and rewritten in a process called compaction. The data
+held in the commitlog directory is data that has not been permanently saved to the SSTable data directories - it will be
+periodically purged once it is flushed to the SSTable data files.</p>
+<p>Cassandra performs very well on both spinning hard drives and solid state disks. In both cases, Cassandra’s sorted
+immutable SSTables allow for linear reads, few seeks, and few overwrites, maximizing throughput for HDDs and lifespan of
+SSDs by avoiding write amplification. However, when using spinning disks, it’s important that the commitlog
+(<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_directory</span></code>) be on one physical disk (not simply a partition, but a physical disk), and the data files
+(<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">data_file_directories</span></code>) be set to a separate physical disk. By separating the commitlog from the data directory,
+writes can benefit from sequential appends to the commitlog without having to seek around the platter as reads request
+data from various SSTables on disk.</p>
+<p>In most cases, Cassandra is designed to provide redundancy via multiple independent, inexpensive servers. For this
+reason, using NFS or a SAN for data directories is an antipattern and should typically be avoided. Similarly, servers
+with multiple disks are often better served by using RAID0 or JBOD than RAID1 or RAID5 - replication provided by
+Cassandra obsoletes the need for replication at the disk layer, so it’s typically recommended that operators take
+advantage of the additional throughput of RAID0 rather than protecting against failures with RAID1 or RAID5.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="common-cloud-choices">
+<h2>Common Cloud Choices<a class="headerlink" href="#common-cloud-choices" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Many large users of Cassandra run in various clouds, including AWS, Azure, and GCE - Cassandra will happily run in any
+of these environments. Users should choose similar hardware to what would be needed in physical space. In EC2, popular
+options include:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>m1.xlarge instances, which provide 1.6TB of local ephemeral spinning storage and sufficient RAM to run moderate
+workloads</li>
+<li>i2 instances, which provide both a high RAM:CPU ratio and local ephemeral SSDs</li>
+<li>m4.2xlarge / c4.4xlarge instances, which provide modern CPUs, enhanced networking and work well with EBS GP2 (SSD)
+storage</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Generally, disk and network performance increases with instance size and generation, so newer generations of instances
+and larger instance types within each family often perform better than their smaller or older alternatives.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="doc-prev-next-links" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="../tools/index.html" class="btn btn-default pull-right " role="button" title="Cassandra Tools" accesskey="n">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="security.html" class="btn btn-default" role="button" title="Security" accesskey="p"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-2">
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+ <footer>
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="col-md-4 social-blk">
+ <span class="social">
+ <a href="https://twitter.com/cassandra"
+ class="twitter-follow-button"
+ data-show-count="false" data-size="large">Follow @cassandra</a>
+ <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>
+ <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?button_hashtag=cassandra"
+ class="twitter-hashtag-button"
+ data-size="large"
+ data-related="ApacheCassandra">Tweet #cassandra</a>
+ <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>
+ </span>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="col-md-8 trademark">
+ <p>© 2016 <a href="http://apache.org">The Apache Software Foundation</a>.
+ Apache, the Apache feather logo, and Apache Cassandra are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.
+ <p>
+ </div>
+ </div><!-- /.container -->
+</footer>
+
+<!-- Javascript. Placed here so pages load faster -->
+<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
+<script src="./../../../js/underscore-min.js"></script>
+<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-0mSbJDEHialfmuBBQP6A4Qrprq5OVfW37PRR3j5ELqxss1yVqOtnepnHVP9aJ7xS" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+
+
+<script src="./../../../js/doctools.js"></script>
+<script src="./../../../js/searchtools.js"></script>
+
+ <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: "", VERSION: "", COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: ".html", HAS_SOURCE: false, SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: "" }; </script>
+
+<script type="text/javascript">
+$(function() {
+ // Stick the #nav to the top of the window
+ var nav = $('.doc-navigation');
+ var navHomeY = nav.offset().top;
+ var isFixed = false;
+ var $w = $(window);
+ $w.scroll(function() {
+ var scrollTop = $w.scrollTop();
+ var shouldBeFixed = $w.width() > 991 && scrollTop >= navHomeY - 10;
+ if (shouldBeFixed && !isFixed) {
+ nav.css({
+ position: 'fixed',
+ top: 0,
+ left: nav.offset().left,
+ width: nav.width(),
+ });
+ nav.addClass('fixed-navigation');
+ isFixed = true;
+ }
+ else if (!shouldBeFixed && isFixed)
+ {
+ nav.css({
+ position: 'static'
+ });
+ nav.removeClass('fixed-navigation');
+ isFixed = false;
+ }
+ });
+});
+</script>
+
+
+<script type="text/javascript">
+ var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
+ document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
+
+ try {
+ var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-11583863-1");
+ pageTracker._trackPageview();
+ } catch(err) {}
+</script>
+
+
+ </body>
+</html>
Added: cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/hints.html
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/hints.html?rev=1757435&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/hints.html (added)
+++ cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/hints.html Tue Aug 23 20:58:08 2016
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+
+
+
+
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <meta name="description" content="The Apache Cassandra database is the right choice when you need scalability and high availability without compromising performance. Linear scalability and proven fault-tolerance on commodity hardware or cloud infrastructure make it the perfect platform for mission-critical data. Cassandra's support for replicating across multiple datacenters is best-in-class, providing lower latency for your users and the peace of mind of knowing that you can survive regional outages.
+">
+ <meta name="keywords" content="cassandra, apache, apache cassandra, distributed storage, key value store, scalability, bigtable, dynamo" />
+ <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" />
+ <meta name="language" content="en" />
+
+ <title>Documentation</title>
+
+ <link rel="canonical" href="http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/3.10/operating/hints.html">
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-1q8mTJOASx8j1Au+a5WDVnPi2lkFfwwEAa8hDDdjZlpLegxhjVME1fgjWPGmkzs7" crossorigin="anonymous">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="./../../../css/style.css">
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="./../../../css/sphinx.css">
+
+
+ <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v3.10" href="../index.html"/> <link rel="up" title="Operating Cassandra" href="index.html"/> <link rel="next" title="Compaction" href="compaction.html"/> <link rel="prev" title="Read repair" href="read_repair.html"/>
+</head>
+
+ <body>
+ <!-- breadcrumbs -->
+<div class="topnav">
+ <div class="container breadcrumb-container">
+ <ul class="breadcrumb">
+ <li>
+ <div class="dropdown">
+ <img class="asf-logo" src="./../../../img/asf_feather.png" />
+ <a data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Apache Software Foundation <span class="caret"></span></a>
+ <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel">
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org">Apache Homepage</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+
+
+ <li><a href="./../../../">Apache Cassandra</a></li>
+
+
+
+
+ <li><a href="./../../../doc">Documentation</a></li>
+
+
+
+
+ <li><a href="./">Operating Cassandra</a></li>
+
+
+
+ <li>Hints</li>
+
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- navbar -->
+ <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top" role="navigation">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="navbar-header">
+ <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#cassandra-menu" aria-expanded="false">
+ <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ </button>
+ <a class="navbar-brand" href="./../../../"><img src="./../../../img/cassandra_logo.png" alt="Apache Cassandra logo" /></a>
+ </div><!-- /.navbar-header -->
+
+ <div id="cassandra-menu" class="collapse navbar-collapse">
+ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+ <li><a href="./../../../">Home</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../download/">Download</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../doc/">Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../community/">Community</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div><!-- /#cassandra-menu -->
+
+
+ </div>
+ </nav><!-- /.navbar -->
+</div><!-- /.topnav -->
+
+ <div class="container-fluid">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-md-2">
+ <div class="doc-navigation">
+ <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation">
+ <div class="navbar-header">
+ <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse">
+ <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ </button>
+ </div>
+ <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse">
+ <form id="doc-search-form" class="navbar-form" action="../search.html" method="get" role="search">
+ <div class="form-group">
+ <input type="text" size="30" class="form-control input-sm" name="q" placeholder="Search docs">
+ <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
+ <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
+ </div>
+ </form>
+
+
+
+ <ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data_modeling/index.html">Data Modeling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Operating Cassandra</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html">Repair</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html">Read repair</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Hints</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html">Compaction</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html">Bloom Filters</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html">Compression</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html">Change Data Capture</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html">Backups</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html">Bulk Loading</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html">Monitoring</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html">Hardware Choices</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Cassandra Development</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs and Contributing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-8">
+ <div class="content doc-content">
+ <div class="container">
+
+ <div class="section" id="hints">
+<h1>Hints<a class="headerlink" href="#hints" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<div class="admonition-todo admonition" id="index-0">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Todo</p>
+<p class="last">todo</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="doc-prev-next-links" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="compaction.html" class="btn btn-default pull-right " role="button" title="Compaction" accesskey="n">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="read_repair.html" class="btn btn-default" role="button" title="Read repair" accesskey="p"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-2">
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+ <footer>
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="col-md-4 social-blk">
+ <span class="social">
+ <a href="https://twitter.com/cassandra"
+ class="twitter-follow-button"
+ data-show-count="false" data-size="large">Follow @cassandra</a>
+ <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>
+ <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?button_hashtag=cassandra"
+ class="twitter-hashtag-button"
+ data-size="large"
+ data-related="ApacheCassandra">Tweet #cassandra</a>
+ <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>
+ </span>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="col-md-8 trademark">
+ <p>© 2016 <a href="http://apache.org">The Apache Software Foundation</a>.
+ Apache, the Apache feather logo, and Apache Cassandra are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.
+ <p>
+ </div>
+ </div><!-- /.container -->
+</footer>
+
+<!-- Javascript. Placed here so pages load faster -->
+<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
+<script src="./../../../js/underscore-min.js"></script>
+<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-0mSbJDEHialfmuBBQP6A4Qrprq5OVfW37PRR3j5ELqxss1yVqOtnepnHVP9aJ7xS" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+
+
+<script src="./../../../js/doctools.js"></script>
+<script src="./../../../js/searchtools.js"></script>
+
+ <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: "", VERSION: "", COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: ".html", HAS_SOURCE: false, SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: "" }; </script>
+
+<script type="text/javascript">
+$(function() {
+ // Stick the #nav to the top of the window
+ var nav = $('.doc-navigation');
+ var navHomeY = nav.offset().top;
+ var isFixed = false;
+ var $w = $(window);
+ $w.scroll(function() {
+ var scrollTop = $w.scrollTop();
+ var shouldBeFixed = $w.width() > 991 && scrollTop >= navHomeY - 10;
+ if (shouldBeFixed && !isFixed) {
+ nav.css({
+ position: 'fixed',
+ top: 0,
+ left: nav.offset().left,
+ width: nav.width(),
+ });
+ nav.addClass('fixed-navigation');
+ isFixed = true;
+ }
+ else if (!shouldBeFixed && isFixed)
+ {
+ nav.css({
+ position: 'static'
+ });
+ nav.removeClass('fixed-navigation');
+ isFixed = false;
+ }
+ });
+});
+</script>
+
+
+<script type="text/javascript">
+ var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
+ document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
+
+ try {
+ var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-11583863-1");
+ pageTracker._trackPageview();
+ } catch(err) {}
+</script>
+
+
+ </body>
+</html>
Added: cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/index.html
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/index.html?rev=1757435&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/index.html (added)
+++ cassandra/site/publish/doc/3.10/operating/index.html Tue Aug 23 20:58:08 2016
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+
+
+
+
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <meta name="description" content="The Apache Cassandra database is the right choice when you need scalability and high availability without compromising performance. Linear scalability and proven fault-tolerance on commodity hardware or cloud infrastructure make it the perfect platform for mission-critical data. Cassandra's support for replicating across multiple datacenters is best-in-class, providing lower latency for your users and the peace of mind of knowing that you can survive regional outages.
+">
+ <meta name="keywords" content="cassandra, apache, apache cassandra, distributed storage, key value store, scalability, bigtable, dynamo" />
+ <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" />
+ <meta name="language" content="en" />
+
+ <title>Documentation</title>
+
+ <link rel="canonical" href="http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/3.10/operating/">
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-1q8mTJOASx8j1Au+a5WDVnPi2lkFfwwEAa8hDDdjZlpLegxhjVME1fgjWPGmkzs7" crossorigin="anonymous">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="./../../../css/style.css">
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="./../../../css/sphinx.css">
+
+
+ <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v3.10" href="../index.html"/> <link rel="next" title="Snitch" href="snitch.html"/> <link rel="prev" title="Cassandra Configuration File" href="../configuration/cassandra_config_file.html"/>
+</head>
+
+ <body>
+ <!-- breadcrumbs -->
+<div class="topnav">
+ <div class="container breadcrumb-container">
+ <ul class="breadcrumb">
+ <li>
+ <div class="dropdown">
+ <img class="asf-logo" src="./../../../img/asf_feather.png" />
+ <a data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Apache Software Foundation <span class="caret"></span></a>
+ <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel">
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org">Apache Homepage</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+
+
+ <li><a href="./../../../">Apache Cassandra</a></li>
+
+
+
+
+ <li><a href="./../../../doc">Documentation</a></li>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <li>Operating Cassandra</li>
+
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- navbar -->
+ <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top" role="navigation">
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="navbar-header">
+ <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#cassandra-menu" aria-expanded="false">
+ <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ </button>
+ <a class="navbar-brand" href="./../../../"><img src="./../../../img/cassandra_logo.png" alt="Apache Cassandra logo" /></a>
+ </div><!-- /.navbar-header -->
+
+ <div id="cassandra-menu" class="collapse navbar-collapse">
+ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+ <li><a href="./../../../">Home</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../download/">Download</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../doc/">Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="./../../../community/">Community</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div><!-- /#cassandra-menu -->
+
+
+ </div>
+ </nav><!-- /.navbar -->
+</div><!-- /.topnav -->
+
+ <div class="container-fluid">
+ <div class="row">
+ <div class="col-md-2">
+ <div class="doc-navigation">
+ <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation">
+ <div class="navbar-header">
+ <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse">
+ <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+ </button>
+ </div>
+ <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse">
+ <form id="doc-search-form" class="navbar-form" action="../search.html" method="get" role="search">
+ <div class="form-group">
+ <input type="text" size="30" class="form-control input-sm" name="q" placeholder="Search docs">
+ <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
+ <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
+ </div>
+ </form>
+
+
+
+ <ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data_modeling/index.html">Data Modeling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Operating Cassandra</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html">Repair</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html">Read repair</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html">Hints</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html">Compaction</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html">Bloom Filters</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html">Compression</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html">Change Data Capture</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html">Backups</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html">Bulk Loading</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html">Monitoring</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html">Hardware Choices</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Cassandra Development</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs and Contributing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-8">
+ <div class="content doc-content">
+ <div class="container">
+
+ <div class="section" id="operating-cassandra">
+<h1>Operating Cassandra<a class="headerlink" href="#operating-cassandra" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html#dynamic-snitching">Dynamic snitching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html#snitch-classes">Snitch classes</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#bootstrap">Bootstrap</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#removing-nodes">Removing nodes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#moving-nodes">Moving nodes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#replacing-a-dead-node">Replacing a dead node</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#monitoring-progress">Monitoring progress</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#cleanup-data-after-range-movements">Cleanup data after range movements</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html">Repair</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html">Read repair</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html">Hints</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html">Compaction</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#types-of-compaction">Types of compaction</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#when-is-a-minor-compaction-triggered">When is a minor compaction triggered?</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#merging-sstables">Merging sstables</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#tombstones-and-garbage-collection-gc-grace">Tombstones and Garbage Collection (GC) Grace</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#ttl">TTL</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#fully-expired-sstables">Fully expired sstables</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#repaired-unrepaired-data">Repaired/unrepaired data</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#data-directories">Data directories</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#single-sstable-tombstone-compaction">Single sstable tombstone compaction</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#compaction-nodetool-commands">Compaction nodetool commands</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#switching-the-compaction-strategy-and-options-using-jmx">Switching the compaction strategy and options using JMX</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#more-detailed-compaction-logging">More detailed compaction logging</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#size-tiered-compaction-strategy">Size Tiered Compaction Strategy</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#leveled-compaction-strategy">Leveled Compaction Strategy</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction.html#time-window-compactionstrategy">Time Window CompactionStrategy</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html">Bloom Filters</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html#changing">Changing</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html">Compression</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html#configuring-compression">Configuring Compression</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html#benefits-and-uses">Benefits and Uses</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html#operational-impact">Operational Impact</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html#advanced-use">Advanced Use</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html">Change Data Capture</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html#reading-commitlogsegments">Reading CommitLogSegments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html#warnings">Warnings</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html#further-reading">Further Reading</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html">Backups</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html">Bulk Loading</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html">Monitoring</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#metric-types">Metric Types</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#table-metrics">Table Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#keyspace-metrics">Keyspace Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#threadpool-metrics">ThreadPool Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#client-request-metrics">Client Request Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#cache-metrics">Cache Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#cql-metrics">CQL Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#droppedmessage-metrics">DroppedMessage Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#streaming-metrics">Streaming Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#compaction-metrics">Compaction Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#commitlog-metrics">CommitLog Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#storage-metrics">Storage Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#hintedhandoff-metrics">HintedHandoff Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#sstable-index-metrics">SSTable Index Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#bufferpool-metrics">BufferPool Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#client-metrics">Client Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#jvm-metrics">JVM Metrics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#jmx">JMX</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#metric-reporters">Metric Reporters</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#tls-ssl-encryption">TLS/SSL Encryption</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#roles">Roles</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#authentication">Authentication</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#authorization">Authorization</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#caching">Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#jmx-access">JMX access</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html">Hardware Choices</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#cpu">CPU</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#memory">Memory</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#disks">Disks</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#common-cloud-choices">Common Cloud Choices</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="doc-prev-next-links" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="snitch.html" class="btn btn-default pull-right " role="button" title="Snitch" accesskey="n">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="../configuration/cassandra_config_file.html" class="btn btn-default" role="button" title="Cassandra Configuration File" accesskey="p"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-2">
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+ <footer>
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="col-md-4 social-blk">
+ <span class="social">
+ <a href="https://twitter.com/cassandra"
+ class="twitter-follow-button"
+ data-show-count="false" data-size="large">Follow @cassandra</a>
+ <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>
+ <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?button_hashtag=cassandra"
+ class="twitter-hashtag-button"
+ data-size="large"
+ data-related="ApacheCassandra">Tweet #cassandra</a>
+ <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>
+ </span>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="col-md-8 trademark">
+ <p>© 2016 <a href="http://apache.org">The Apache Software Foundation</a>.
+ Apache, the Apache feather logo, and Apache Cassandra are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.
+ <p>
+ </div>
+ </div><!-- /.container -->
+</footer>
+
+<!-- Javascript. Placed here so pages load faster -->
+<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
+<script src="./../../../js/underscore-min.js"></script>
+<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-0mSbJDEHialfmuBBQP6A4Qrprq5OVfW37PRR3j5ELqxss1yVqOtnepnHVP9aJ7xS" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+
+
+<script src="./../../../js/doctools.js"></script>
+<script src="./../../../js/searchtools.js"></script>
+
+ <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: "", VERSION: "", COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: ".html", HAS_SOURCE: false, SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: "" }; </script>
+
+<script type="text/javascript">
+$(function() {
+ // Stick the #nav to the top of the window
+ var nav = $('.doc-navigation');
+ var navHomeY = nav.offset().top;
+ var isFixed = false;
+ var $w = $(window);
+ $w.scroll(function() {
+ var scrollTop = $w.scrollTop();
+ var shouldBeFixed = $w.width() > 991 && scrollTop >= navHomeY - 10;
+ if (shouldBeFixed && !isFixed) {
+ nav.css({
+ position: 'fixed',
+ top: 0,
+ left: nav.offset().left,
+ width: nav.width(),
+ });
+ nav.addClass('fixed-navigation');
+ isFixed = true;
+ }
+ else if (!shouldBeFixed && isFixed)
+ {
+ nav.css({
+ position: 'static'
+ });
+ nav.removeClass('fixed-navigation');
+ isFixed = false;
+ }
+ });
+});
+</script>
+
+
+<script type="text/javascript">
+ var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
+ document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
+
+ try {
+ var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-11583863-1");
+ pageTracker._trackPageview();
+ } catch(err) {}
+</script>
+
+
+ </body>
+</html>