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+
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+ <a class="edit-link" href="https://github.com/apache/drill/blob/gh-pages/_docs/sql-reference/sql-functions/030-date-time-functions-and-arithmetic.md" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o"></i></a>
+
+
+ <div class="int_title">
+ <h1>Date/Time Functions and Arithmetic</h1>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <link href="/css/docpage.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
+
+ <div class="int_text" align="left">
+
+ <p>In addition to the TO_DATE, TO_TIME, and TO_TIMESTAMP functions, Drill supports a number of other date/time functions and arithmetic operators for use with dates, times, and intervals. Drill supports time functions based on the Gregorian calendar and in the range 1971 to 2037.</p>
+
+<p>This section defines the following date/time functions:</p>
+
+<table><thead>
+<tr>
+<th><strong>Function</strong></th>
+<th><strong>Return Type</strong></th>
+</tr>
+</thead><tbody>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#age">AGE(TIMESTAMP)</a></td>
+<td>INTERVALDAY or INTERVALYEAR</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#extract">EXTRACT(field from time_expression)</a></td>
+<td>DOUBLE</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#current_*x*-local*x*-now-and-timeofday">CURRENT_DATE</a></td>
+<td>DATE</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#current_*x*-local*x*-now-and-timeofday">CURRENT_TIME</a></td>
+<td>TIME</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#current_*x*-local*x*-now-and-timeofday">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</a></td>
+<td>TIMESTAMP</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#date_add">DATE_ADD</a></td>
+<td>DATE, TIMESTAMP</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#date_part">DATE_PART</a></td>
+<td>DOUBLE</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#date_sub">DATE_SUB</a></td>
+<td>DATE, TIMESTAMOP</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#current_*x*-local*x*-now-and-timeofday">LOCALTIME</a></td>
+<td>TIME</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#current_*x*-local*x*-now-and-timeofday">LOCALTIMESTAMP</a></td>
+<td>TIMESTAMP</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#current_*x*-local*x*-now-and-timeofday">NOW</a></td>
+<td>TIMESTAMP</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic#current_*x*-local*x*-now-and-timeofday">TIMEOFDAY</a></td>
+<td>VARCHAR</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+
+<h2 id="age">AGE</h2>
+
+<p>Returns the interval between two timestamps or subtracts a timestamp from midnight of the current date.</p>
+
+<h3 id="age-syntax">AGE Syntax</h3>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">AGE (timestamp[, timestamp])
+</code></pre></div>
+<p><em>timestamp</em> is the data and time formatted as shown in the following examples.</p>
+
+<h3 id="age-usage-notes">AGE Usage Notes</h3>
+
+<p>Cast string arguments to timestamp to include time data in the calculations of the interval.</p>
+
+<h3 id="age-examples">AGE Examples</h3>
+
+<p>Find the interval between midnight April 3, 2015 and June 13, 1957.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT AGE('1957-06-13') FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| P703M23D |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.064 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Find the interval between 11:10:10 PM on January 1, 2001 and 10:10:10 PM on January 1, 2001.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT AGE(CAST('2010-01-01 10:10:10' AS TIMESTAMP), CAST('2001-01-01 11:10:10' AS TIMESTAMP)) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| P109M16DT82800S |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.161 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>For information about how to read the interval data, see the <a href="/docs/date-time-and-timestamp#interval">Interval section</a>.</p>
+
+<h2 id="date_add">DATE_ADD</h2>
+
+<p>Returns the sum of a date/time and a number of days/hours, or of a date/time and date/time interval.</p>
+
+<h3 id="date_add-syntax">DATE_ADD Syntax</h3>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">DATE_ADD(date literal_date, integer)
+
+DATE_ADD(keyword literal, interval expr)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p><em>date</em> is the keyword date.<br>
+<em>literal_date</em> is a date in yyyy-mm-dd format enclosed in single quotation marks.<br>
+<em>integer</em> is a number of days to add to the date/time. </p>
+
+<p><em>keyword</em> is the word date, time, or timestamp.<br>
+<em>literal</em> is a date, time, or timestamp literal.<br>
+<em>interval</em> is a keyword<br>
+<em>expr</em> is an interval expression. </p>
+
+<h3 id="date_add-examples">DATE_ADD Examples</h3>
+
+<p>Add two days to today's date May 15, 2015.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_ADD(date '2015-05-15', 2) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2015-05-17 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.07 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Add two months to April 15, 2015.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_ADD(date '2015-04-15', interval '2' month) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2015-06-15 00:00:00.0 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.073 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Add 10 hours to the timestamp 2015-04-15 22:55:55.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_ADD(timestamp '2015-04-15 22:55:55', interval '10' hour) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2015-04-16 08:55:55.0 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.068 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Add 10 hours to the time 22 hours, 55 minutes, 55 seconds.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_ADD(time '22:55:55', interval '10' hour) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 08:55:55 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.085 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Add 1 year and 1 month to the timestamp 2015-04-15 22:55:55.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_ADD(timestamp '2015-04-15 22:55:55', interval '1-2' year to month) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2016-06-15 22:55:55.0 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.065 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Add 1 day 2 and 1/2 hours and 45.100 seconds to the time 22:55:55.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_ADD(time '22:55:55', interval '1 2:30:45.100' day to second) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 01:26:40.100 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.07 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<h2 id="date_part">DATE_PART</h2>
+
+<p>Returns a field of a date, time, timestamp, or interval.</p>
+
+<h3 id="date_part-syntax">DATE_PART Syntax</h3>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">date_part(keyword, expression)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p><em>keyword</em> is year, month, day, hour, minute, or second enclosed in single quotation marks.<br>
+<em>expression</em> is date, time, timestamp, or interval literal enclosed in single quotation marks.</p>
+
+<h3 id="date_part-usage-notes">DATE_PART Usage Notes</h3>
+
+<p>Use Unix Epoch timestamp in milliseconds as the expression to get the field of a timestamp.</p>
+
+<h3 id="date_part-examples">DATE_PART Examples</h3>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_PART('day', '2015-04-02') FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.098 seconds)
+
+SELECT DATE_PART('hour', '23:14:30.076') FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 23 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.088 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Find the hour part of the timestamp for April 2, 2015 23:25:43. Use Unix Epoch timestamp in milliseconds, which is 1428017143000 in UTC.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_PART('hour', 1428017143000) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 23 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.07 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Return the day part of the one year, 2 months, 10 days interval.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_PART('day', '1:2:10') FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 10 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.069 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<h2 id="date_sub">DATE_SUB</h2>
+
+<p>Returns the difference between a date/time and a number of days/hours, or between a date/time and date/time interval.</p>
+
+<h3 id="date_sub-syntax">DATE_SUB Syntax</h3>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">DATE_SUB(date literal_date, integer)
+
+DATE_SUB(keyword literal, interval expr)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p><em>date</em> is the keyword date.<br>
+<em>literal_date</em> is a date in yyyy-mm-dd format enclosed in single quotation marks.<br>
+<em>integer</em> is a number of days to subtract from the date/time. </p>
+
+<p><em>keyword</em> is the word date, time, or timestamp.<br>
+<em>literal</em> is a date, time, or timestamp literal.<br>
+<em>interval</em> is a keyword.<br>
+<em>expr</em> is an interval expression.</p>
+
+<h3 id="date_sub-examples">DATE_SUB Examples</h3>
+
+<p>Subtract two days to today's date May 15, 2015.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_SUB(date '2015-05-15', 2) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2015-05-13 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.088 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Subtact two months from April 15, 2015.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_SUB(date '2015-04-15', interval '2' month) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2015-02-15 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.088 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Subtract 10 hours from the timestamp 2015-04-15 22:55:55.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_SUB(timestamp '2015-04-15 22:55:55', interval '10' hour) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2015-04-15 12:55:55.0 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.068 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Subtract 10 hours from the time 22 hours, 55 minutes, 55 seconds.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_SUB(time '22:55:55', interval '10' hour) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 12:55:55 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.079 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Subtract 1 year and 1 month from the timestamp 2015-04-15 22:55:55.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_SUB(timestamp '2015-04-15 22:55:55', interval '1-2' year to month) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2014-02-15 22:55:55.0 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.073 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Subtract 1 day, 2 and 1/2 hours, and 45.100 seconds from the time 22:55:55.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT DATE_ADD(time '22:55:55', interval '1 2:30:45.100' day to second) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 01:26:40.100 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.073 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<h2 id="current_x,-local*x*,-now,-and-timeofday">CURRENT_<em>x</em>, LOCAL*x*, NOW, and TIMEOFDAY</h2>
+
+<p>The following examples show how to use these functions:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>CURRENT_DATE</li>
+<li>CURRENT_TIME</li>
+<li>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</li>
+<li>LOCALTIME</li>
+<li>LOCALTIMESTAMP</li>
+<li>NOW</li>
+<li><p>TIMEOFDAY</p>
+
+<p>SELECT CURRENT_DATE FROM sys.version;
++--------------+
+| current_date |
++--------------+
+| 2015-04-02 |
++--------------+
+1 row selected (0.077 seconds)</p>
+
+<p>SELECT CURRENT_TIME FROM sys.version;
++--------------+
+| current_time |
++--------------+
+| 14:32:04.751 |
++--------------+
+1 row selected (0.073 seconds)</p>
+
+<p>SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP FROM sys.version;
++-------------------+
+| current_timestamp |
++-------------------+
+| 2015-04-02 14:32:34.047 |
++-------------------+
+1 row selected (0.061 seconds)</p>
+
+<p>SELECT LOCALTIME FROM sys.version;</p>
+
+<p>+------------+
+| localtime |
++------------+
+| 14:33:04.95 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.051 seconds)</p>
+
+<p>SELECT LOCALTIMESTAMP FROM sys.version;</p>
+
+<p>+----------------+
+| LOCALTIMESTAMP |
++----------------+
+| 2015-04-02 23:13:13.204 |
++----------------+
+1 row selected (0.105 seconds)</p>
+
+<p>SELECT NOW() FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2015-04-02 23:14:30.076 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.05 seconds)</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>If you set up Drill for <a href="/docs/casting-converting-data-types/time-zone-limitation">UTC time</a>, TIMEOFDAY returns the result for the UTC time zone.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT TIMEOFDAY() FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2015-04-02 22:05:02.424 UTC |
++------------+
+1 row selected (1.191 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>If you did not set up Drill for UTC time, TIMEOFDAY returns the local date and time with time zone information.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT TIMEOFDAY() FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 2015-04-02 15:01:31.114 America/Los_Angeles |
++------------+
+1 row selected (1.199 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<h2 id="extract">EXTRACT</h2>
+
+<p>Returns a component of a timestamp, time, date, or interval.</p>
+
+<h4 id="extract-syntax">EXTRACT Syntax</h4>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">EXTRACT (extract_expression)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p><em>extract_expression</em> is:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">component FROM (timestamp | time | date | interval)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p><em>component</em> is supported time unit.</p>
+
+<h3 id="extract-usage-notes">EXTRACT Usage Notes</h3>
+
+<p>The extract function supports the following time units: YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND.</p>
+
+<h3 id="extract-examples">EXTRACT Examples</h3>
+
+<p>On the third day of the month, run the following function:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT EXTRACT(day FROM NOW()), EXTRACT(day FROM CURRENT_DATE) FROM sys.version;
+
++------------+------------+
+| EXPR$0 | EXPR$1 |
++------------+------------+
+| 3 | 3 |
++------------+------------+
+1 row selected (0.208 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>At 8:00 am, extract the hour from the value of CURRENT_DATE.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT EXTRACT(hour FROM CURRENT_DATE) FROM sys.version;
+
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 8 |
++------------+
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>What is the hour component of this time: 17:12:28.5?</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT EXTRACT(hour FROM TIME '17:12:28.5') FROM sys.version;
+
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 17 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.056 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>What is the seconds component of this timestamp: 2001-02-16 20:38:40</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT EXTRACT(SECOND FROM TIMESTAMP '2001-02-16 20:38:40') FROM sys.version;
+
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 40.0 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.062 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<h2 id="date,-time,-and-interval-arithmetic-functions">Date, Time, and Interval Arithmetic Functions</h2>
+
+<p>Is the day returned from the NOW function the same as the day returned from the CURRENT_DATE function?</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT EXTRACT(day FROM NOW()) = EXTRACT(day FROM CURRENT_DATE) FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| true |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.092 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Every 23 hours, a 4 hour task started. What time does the task end? </p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT TIME '04:00:00' + interval '23:00:00' hour to second FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| 03:00:00 |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.097 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>Is the time 2:00 PM?</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">SELECT EXTRACT(hour FROM CURRENT_DATE) = 2 FROM sys.version;
++------------+
+| EXPR$0 |
++------------+
+| false |
++------------+
+1 row selected (0.033 seconds)
+</code></pre></div>
+
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