[jira] [Created] (HELIX-842) Pinch Technology: pirate bay proxy

["Cheryl Valentine (Jira)" <ji...@apache.org>]

Cheryl Valentine created HELIX-842:
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             Summary: Pinch Technology: pirate bay proxy
                 Key: HELIX-842
                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HELIX-842
             Project: Apache Helix
          Issue Type: Bug
            Reporter: Cheryl Valentine


In the late 1970s, Pinch Technology was developed as a thermodynamic approach to energy conservation in industries. The basic tool was called the "Composite Curve" plot, which represented graphically the heat available and heat required by a process flowsheet. These curves also allowed a designer to set realistic targets for the minimum heating and cooling utilities required, and identify the existence of the "pinch point" which constrains further heat recovery.

By following systematic design methods, based on avoiding the transfer of heat across the pinch, it is possible to design heat exchanger networks that meet the targets exactly. Over the past 30 years, Pinch Technology was applied on thousands of processes in both new and retrofit designs. The results have been highly impressive, with energy savings of 30% or higher being achieved. There has been a renewed interest recently, driven mainly by high oil prices and a desire to reduce carbon emissions.

In the late 1980s, researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles applied pinch concepts to mass transfer, sparking off an entirely new area of research. Instead of plotting Composite Curves of temperature and energy, the new approach plotted composition versus mass load. This pioneering work into mass exchange networks was followed by researchers at the University of Manchester, who applied it to water and waste water minimisation. The resulting "Water Pinch Technology" quickly saw industrial applications around the world. The results were equally impressive, although the relatively low cost of water in many countries means that the technology has not yet been exploited fully. As water becomes more scarce in future, it is expected that this will change.

Hydrogen Pinch Technology was a more recent application which addressed the problems faced by oil refiners around the start of the 21st century. Until then, hydrogen availability was not a major issue for most refineries. However, this *[pirate bay proxy|https://complextime.com/piratebay-proxy-how-it-is-the-best-choice/]* began to change when stricter legislation on sulfur content in fuels led to an increased demand for hydrotreating. At the same time, newer aromatics limits meant that catalytic reforming, traditionally a major source of hydrogen, was being constrained. The net result was that the existing hydrogen production capacity often became a bottleneck.

The Pinch Technology approach constructs hydrogen Composite Curves, showing the demands and sources of on-site hydrogen in terms of stream purities and flow rates. This diagram allows the engineer to find the "hydrogen pinch" and to set targets for hydrogen recovery, hydrogen plant production and import requirements. Hydrogen savings experienced are typically hundreds of thousands, or even millions, of dollars per year. Alternatively, the hydrogen freed up has been used to increase partial pressures in certain reactors and enhance their conversion, yield, and selectivity, while increasing catalyst life.

 



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